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Public Transport Governance in Greater Barcelona Discussion Paper

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Public Transport Governance in Greater Barcelona Discussion Paper CPB Corporate Partnership Board Public Transport Governance in Greater Barcelona Discussion Paper Frederic Lloveras Minguell MCRIT, Barcelona CPB Corporate Partnership Board Public Transport Governance in Greater Barcelona Discussion Paper Frederic Lloveras Minguell MCRIT, Barcelona The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 59 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is politically autonomous and administratively integrated with the OECD. The ITF works for transport policies that improve peoples’ lives. Our mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF organises global dialogue for better transport. We act as a platform for discussion and pre- negotiation of policy issues across all transport modes. We analyse trends, share knowledge and promote exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society. The ITF’s Annual Summit is the world’s largest gathering of transport ministers and the leading global platform for dialogue on transport policy. The Members of the Forum are: Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 [email protected] www.itf-oecd.org ITF Discussion Papers ITF Discussion Papers make economic research, commissioned or carried out in-house at ITF, available to researchers and practitioners. They describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the ITF works. Any findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Transport Forum or the OECD. Neither the OECD, ITF nor the authors guarantee the accuracy of any data or other information contained in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Comments on Discussion Papers are welcome. Cite this work as: Lloveras Minguell, F. (2018), “Public Transport Governance in Greater Barcelona”, Discussion Paper, International Transport Forum, Paris. PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE IN GREATER BARCELONA | DISCUSSION PAPER | ITF Acknowledgements The author is grateful to Toni Walton Atela, who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research and also Andreu Esquius Rafat for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. He would also like to show his gratitude to Diego Fernandez Belmonte for his guidance on the knowledge of the AMB functioning that increased the accuracy of the document. © OECD/ITF 2018 3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE IN GREATER BARCELONA | DISCUSSION PAPER | ITF Table of contents The scope of the work ............................................................................................................................ 5 The Barcelona metropolitan region and its public transport system ..................................................... 6 Territorial context of the Barcelona metropolitan area .................................................................... 6 The Barcelona metropolitan area inside the integrated fare system in the region ......................... 7 Governance and institutional set up .................................................................................................... 11 The Area Metropolitana de Barcelona and its rationale behind ..................................................... 12 The Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (Metropolitan Transport Authority or ATM) ................. 15 Provision of transport services at metropolitan level .......................................................................... 18 The role of the AMB and the ATM in public transport management and granting concessions ... 18 The two types of management of the AMB .................................................................................... 18 Regulation of bus service and type of concessions used ................................................................ 18 Financing the transport system ....................................................................................................... 22 Mechanisms to balance the user benefits and covering the operational and maintenance costs ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Balancing the income between the different operators ................................................................. 25 Transport investments within the metropolitan area ..................................................................... 25 Strategies for route planning ............................................................................................................... 26 Management and regulation of transport data ................................................................................... 27 Mechanisms to develop and improve existing multi-modal centres ................................................... 28 Measures to encourage sustainable mobility ...................................................................................... 29 Low Emissions Zone ......................................................................................................................... 29 New high-performance metropolitan bus network ........................................................................ 31 T-Mobility card ................................................................................................................................. 31 Notes .................................................................................................................................................... 32 References ........................................................................................................................................... 33 4 © OECD/ITF 2018 PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE IN GREATER BARCELONA | DISCUSSION PAPER | ITF The scope of the work The present document provides an overview of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) in the governance of transport in the metropolitan region. It identifies the issues related to transport systems that the AMB deals with, and how it responds to those challenges. It also attempts to define the institutional set up in the area, and how the different bodies, administrations and operators interact with each other in order to provide effective public transport services. Financial interrelationship among stakeholders is described, as well as tendering processes, concessions and types of management and control. The Integrated Fare System allows most of the metropolitan transport services to establish common fares and ticketing. This has led to an increase in intermodal trips and an overall rise in public transport use among the population. Finally, this study also puts forward the challenges faced by public transport services in the metropolitan area, and how the AMB has developed strategies to tackle these issues. The present document describes current practice and also highlights actions that are in the planning or in-progress phase. The measures herein explained are aimed at improving, among others, the following issues: delivering effective and coordinated bus services at the metropolitan level o regulation of bus service and type of concessions used o strategies for route planning o mechanisms for striking the good balance between delivering user benefits and covering operational and maintenance costs, choosing fare structures and ensuring financial sustainability within the fare integration system management and regulation of transport data the importance and management of commuter terminals measures to encourage sustainable mobility. © OECD/ITF 2018 5 PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE IN GREATER BARCELONA | DISCUSSION PAPER | ITF The Barcelona metropolitan region and its public transport system Territorial context of the Barcelona metropolitan area A metropolitan area is a territorial, social, demographic, economic and cultural fact that has been forming over the last century, as a product of the growth and connection of urban systems around the city of Barcelona. According to OECD’s data from 2014, Barcelona’s is the seventh most populated metropolitan area in Europe, and the most densely populated. According to regional data, the metropolitan area in Barcelona
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