Who Gains Most from Mass Immigration

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Who Gains Most from Mass Immigration 11TH JANUARY 2008 THE REALITY BEHIND EUROPE FORTNIGHTLY £1.50 Brown doesn’t do foreign policy and he doesn’t do Europe, either The Prime Minister’s lack of interest in external affairs, including those of the EU, mean that we get the worst of all possible worlds urope has become a post-military was not an attitude displayed by Tony M a y o r ’s banquet. The road from Eas well as a post-democratic Blair who, like Margaret T h a t c h e r, Westminster to Washington now runs society. It behaves as if war and even recognised that the world was an via Brussels. As Stelzer pointed out, the possibility of war had been inherently dangerous place, that the the consequence is a weakening of the conveniently abolished. As the peace had to be kept by someone and alliance that preserved Western values distinguished military analyst Colin S. that there were few suitable candidates from assaults from fascism and Gray has written: for the job. communism and has been waging a For the peoples of EU-Europe in Mr Brown appears to be an agnostic new battle against international p a rt i c u l a r, war is not merely old- about such matters. It is this absence of terrorism. fashioned, indeed obsolete, it is wholly belief in the importance of military But Mr Brown’s shortcomings as u n i n t e resting, except as a non- power that has not conveyed itself to Prime Minister go still further. It is p a rt i c i p a t o ry re c reational diversion. Britain’s senior service chiefs who find increasingly evident that Mr Brown The societies of peninsular Euro p e him deeply unsympathetic. This does does not do Europe, either, a state of today face no security problems of a not necessarily put the Prime Minister affairs which was symbolised by his kind that demand a military response, in the camp of those who believe that late arrival for the signing of the at least not as they choose to define the age of military power has been Lisbon treaty. He does not like their problems. When a US surpassed by the age of soft power. He Brussels (which fully returns the administration seeks to persuade its simply has no views on the subject and sentiment) but has no strategy for European allies to cooperate actively given the primacy of economic factors achieving the kind of Europe he says in the latest scheme for ballistic missile in determining the way people vote he he wants to build. According to George defence (BMD), for example, it fails to sees no profit in acquiring any. Parker in a recent article in the recognise the degree to which its Financial Times there is muttering that friends have become thoro u g h l y Risk-Taking he has left the field at the very moment debellicised. The European solution is when Nicolas Sarkozy has started to not simply an opinion of the moment, Such attitudes, or the absence of make the running in the EU. but is now sufficiently deeply rooted as them, inevitably colour his view of “We try to give the impression that to warrant description as cultural: it is America. He is not anti-American in something is going on between Paris an attitude. the normal sense of the term. He and London but the reality is that there apparently admires US risk-taking and is very little”, Parker quotes one Harm’s Way the American can-do philosophy. But if French EU official as saying. Mr Brown admires US foreign policy It is this attitude which explains why and the military strength on which it Non-stop Smoozing European states spend so little on depends, he has evidently kept his defence, and why their armed forces enthusiasm to himself. In seeking to win friends and take care to keep out of harm’s way. The truth is that Mr Brown does not influence people Sarkozy engages in It is one which has taken hold to a do foreign policy. As Irwin Stelzer has e n e rgetic non-stop Europe-wide lesser extent in Britain than in written recently he has effectively out- smoozing. Brown stays at home continental Europe but it has a sourced foreign policy to international devoting his energies to patching up growing number of adherents even in institutions, especially the EU, as was the welfare state and to little local this country. Whatever his defects this apparent from his speech at the Lord Continued on p.2 INSIDE: Tory words fail to reassure eurosceptic opinion p.2 - Sarkozy tells it like it is p.2 - Who gains most from mass immigration? p.3 - Harmonisation ‘to a degree never before imagined’ p.4 - Expansion of Schengen are ‘an invitation to criminals’, say German police p.5 - Brussels names EU first Ambassador p.5 - Commission issues threat over plan to save fish stocks p5 VOL 13 NO 7 Tory words fail to reassure eurosceptic opinion The Conservative leader’s promises in regard to the Constitution are far vaguer than his commitments on membership of the EPP edia reports on New Year’s Eve history of the last decade suggests that stomach for a big fight with Brussels. Msuggested that the Conservative painful experience has made selling One member of Team Cameron told leader had provided the strongest eurosceptics down the river rather ConservativeHome that they would not indication so far that he would tear up more difficult than it used to be. allow a Cameron government to be the EU Constitution if returned to Certainly, the reaction of Tory bloggers engulfed by the same “Euro - s t r i f e ” power even if it had been ratified by of eurosceptic stripe suggests that the that shipwrecked John Major. David Parliament. Conservative leader has not been C a m e ron was one of Michael Mr Cameron’s carefully-crafted successful. H o w a rd ’s inner circle who fierc e l y comments, which appeared in the ConservativeHome’s Tory Diary, for opposed a much-discussed suggestion Telegraph and Mail on 31st December example, declared “Eurosceptics who in 2004 that the Tories propose a were represented as an apparent saw much firmer promises made about referendum on whether Britain should firming up of his position on the issue. EPP withdrawal in 2005 are unlikely stay in or leave the EU. If he was What Cameron actually said was: to be reassured by what looks like cautious then he’ll be even more “If we reach circumstances where the tactical wording”. cautious now that the Conservatives, whole treaty has been not only ratified ahead in the polls, have more to lose”. but implemented that is not a situation Election Prospects Nevertheless Cameron’s decision to we would be content with. try to assuage eurosceptics rather than “We wouldn’t let matters rest there. It continued: “CCHQ is convinced insult them represents an advance of a “We think the treaty is wrong because that enough voters who don’t want kind. It is a reflection of the strength of it passes too much power fro m ratification now won’t want the issue eurosceptic opinion and the To r y Westminster to Brussels. re-opened if, as expected, the Treaty is leadership’s recognition of the need to “We would address that issue at the ratified. What they believe is that take account of it. The lesson for time”. there’s a preference for the status quo eurosceptics generally, and for In fact these words are almost and that status quo may well favour eurosceptic columnists, bloggers, and identical to words used by William Brown by the time of the next General party activists in particular, is that they Hague, the shadow foreign secretary Election”. must not allow it to get away with during a debate on foreign affairs in the The blog’s description of the Tory bland and vacuous assurances. T h e House of Commons on 12th November attitude towards the EU generally is next time Cameron or Hague repeats 2007 and consequently do not surely correct: “The Tory leadership the “we won’t let matters rest there” represent even a shift of emphasis in want to manage Britain’s relationship formulae he, and every member of his the party’s position. with Europe, they don’t want it Parliamentary party must be Their clear purpose was to assuage transformed. Although all of the most bombarded with questions about where the anxieties of Tory eurosceptics and senior members of the shadow cabinet precisely a Tory Government will let to limit support for UKIP. But the are sceptical about the EU there is no matters rest. Sarkozy tells it like it is “The minute France organises a referendum on the simplified treaty, Britain will too. And what are the chances of a yes in Britain?” Nicolas Sarkozy quoted in Coulisses de Bruxelles on 17th December, 2007. Continued from p.1 Brown doesn’t do Europe political difficulties. heart is not in the cause of European those who doubt whether warfare is a “The French are pulling on one end political integration. But his lack of serious possibility and who of the rope, but there’s no one pulling interest means that we have ceased to consequently doubt the value of on the other”, one EU official told try to make the best of a very bad job military power - except as a means to Parker.
Recommended publications
  • Department of English and American Studies UKIP And
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Anders Heger UKIP and British Politics Bachelor‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Stephen Paul Hardy, Ph.D. 2015 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. ..................................................... Author‟s signature Acknowledgement I would like to express my thanks towards the Masaryk University and the Czech Republic for providing me with free education and I would also like to thank my supervisor, Mr. Hardy, for his support and much appreciated counsel. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 The History of UKIP ..................................................................................................................... 8 Allan Sked and the First Years .................................................................................................. 8 Change of Leadership and Becoming the Fourth Largest Party ............................................. 12 Becoming a Political Party ...................................................................................................... 16 The Beginning of a New Era ................................................................................................... 21 Analysing the Party‟s Policies ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MINUTES 1. Opening of Sitting 2. Membership of Political Groups 3
    C 286 E/274 Official Journal of the European Union EN 23.11.2006 Thursday 15 December 2005 (2006/C 286 E/04) MINUTES PROCEEDINGS OF THE SITTING IN THE CHAIR: Josep BORRELL FONTELLES President 1. Opening of sitting The sitting opened at 10.05. 2. Membership of political groups Sylwester Chruszcz, Maciej Marian Giertych and Bernard Piotr Wojciechowski had left the IND/DEM Group with effect from 15.12.2005. They would henceforth sit as non-attached Members. 3. Documents received The following documents had been received from the Council and Commission: — Council of the European Union: Amending letter No 1 to the draft general budget of the European Communities of the financial year 2006 (14862/2005 — C6-0413/2005 — 2005/2001(BUD)) referred to responsible: BUDG — Council of the European Union: Amending Letter No 2 to the draft general budget of the European Communities for the financial year 2006 (14863/2005 — C6-0414/2005 — 2005/2001(BUD)) referred to responsible: BUDG — Draft general budget of the European Communities for the financial year 2006, as amended and accompanied by proposals for modifications (14864/2005 — C6-0415/2005 — 2005/2001(BUD)) referred to responsible: BUDG — Council of the European Union: Amending letter No 3 to the draft general budget of the European Communities for the financial year 2006 (15379/2005 — C6-0427/2005 — 2005/2001(BUD)) referred to responsible: BUDG — Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the Court of Audi- tors: annual accounts for the financial year 2004 of the
    [Show full text]
  • Lord-Pearsons-Letter-Of-Complaint-To
    COMPLAINT: COVERAGE BY “TODAY”, SINCE THE WILSON REPORT, OF THE CASE FOR THE UK TO WITHDRAW FROM THE EU. BACKGROUND The 2005 Wilson Report into the BBC’s coverage of EU affairs was the Corporation’s first published independent analysis of its output. Its committee of inquiry was chaired by Lord Wilson of Dinton, formerly Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service. This complaint is that the BBC has not delivered the improvements it promised in its response to that report, of its coverage of EU affairs. This applies particularly to the debate about the UK’s withdrawal from the EU. The Wilson Report was published in January 2005. It was critical of parts of the relevant output. It said: …we do think there is a serious problem. Although the BBC wishes to be impartial in its news coverage of the EU it is not succeeding. Whatever the intention, nobody thinks the outcome is impartial. There is strong disagreement about the net balance but all parties show remarkable unity in identifying the elements of the problem. Sometimes being attacked from all sides is a sign that an organisation is getting it right. That is not so here. It is a sign that the BBC is getting it wrong, and our main conclusion is that urgent action is required to put this right. The problem can be summarised under a number of headings which we analyse below.1 Institutional mindset. Giving the audience the information it needs to make up its own mind is a proper and important role for the BBC and one which it must carry out.
    [Show full text]
  • Doomed to Failure? UKIP and the Organisational Challenges Facing Right-Wing Populist Anti-Political Establishment Parties
    Abedi, A. and Lundberg, T.C. (2009) Doomed to failure? UKIP and the organisational challenges facing right-wing populist anti-political establishment parties. Parliamentary Affairs, 62 (1). pp. 72-87. ISSN 0031-2290 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/41367 Deposited on: 22 October 2010 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Doomed to Failure? UKIP and the Organisational Challenges Facing Right-Wing Populist Anti-Political Establishment Parties This is a pre-copy editing, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Parliamentary Affairs following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version (‘Doomed to Failure? UKIP and the Organisational Challenges Facing Right- Wing Populist Anti-Political Establishment Parties’, Parliamentary Affairs, 62(1): 72-87, January 2009) is available online at http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/1/72.abstract. Amir Abedi Thomas Carl Lundberg Department of Political Science School of Social and Political Sciences Western Washington University Adam Smith Building 516 High Street 40 Bute Gardens Bellingham, WA 98225-9082 University of Glasgow U.S.A. Glasgow G12 8RT +1-360-650-4143 Scotland [email protected] 0141-330 5144 [email protected] Abstract: Using the UK Independence Party (UKIP), we examine the effects of sudden electoral success on an Anti-Political Establishment (APE) party. The pressures of aspiring to government necessitate organisational structures resembling those of mainstream parties, while this aspiration challenges APE parties because they differ not just in terms of their policy profiles, but also in their more ‘unorthodox’ organisational make-up, inextricably linked to their electoral appeal.
    [Show full text]
  • RESTORING BRITISHNESS a Cultural Policy for an Independent Britain RESTORING BRITISHNESS
    Policy Statement RESTORING BRITISHNESS A cultural policy for an independent Britain RESTORING BRITISHNESS A CULTURAL POLICY FOR AN INDEPENDENT BRITAIN A POLICY STATEMENT January 2010 Contents 1. Introduction page 3 2. The Problem: Britain and Britishness under pressure page 4 3. Executive Summary page 5 4. Britishness Defined page 7 5.Threats to Britishness : The Politically Correct “Liberal page 8 Elite” 6. Threats to Britishness: Threat of Nationalism page 11 7. Threats to Britishness: Extremist Islam page 12 8. Threats to Britishness: Foreign ownership, Short-termism and page 13 the Treasury 9. Threats to Britishness: European Union (EU) page 14 10. Threats to Britishness: Americanisation page 16 11. Restoring Britishness: Political, Legal & Economic Measures page 18 12. Restoring Britishness: Media, Cultural & Sporting Measures page 22 13. Restoring Britishness: Educational, Art and Music Measures page 26 References, Appendix & Bibliography page 28 Acknowledgements page 29 1. Introduction Britain and Britishness are in trouble. They are being attacked and undermined, both externally and internally. They are threatened by the European Union (EU) and corporatist Americanised pressures from without, and betrayed by misguided politically correct ideology, extremist Islam and errant nationalism from within. Decades of withering attacks on the concepts of patriotism and sovereignty, and an uncharitable reading of British history have led many to conclude that Britain is a country undeserving of affection and loyalty. Britain now suffers directly and indirectly from having an anti-British British establishment born of a 1960s self-loathing. The European Union (EU) remains a threat to Britishness as it undermines the once proud status Britain had as an independent state.
    [Show full text]
  • Putting Science and Engineering at the Heart of Government Policy
    House of Commons Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee Putting Science and Engineering at the Heart of Government Policy Eighth Report of Session 2008–09 Volume I Report, together with formal minutes Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 8 July 2009 HC 168-I Published on 23 July 2009 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Innovation, Universities, Science & Skills Committee The Innovation, Universities, Science & Skills Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. Current membership Mr Phil Willis (Liberal Democrat, Harrogate and Knaresborough)(Chairman) Dr Roberta Blackman-Woods (Labour, City of Durham) Mr Tim Boswell (Conservative, Daventry) Mr Ian Cawsey (Labour, Brigg & Goole) Mrs Nadine Dorries (Conservative, Mid Bedfordshire) Dr Ian Gibson (Labour, Norwich North) Dr Evan Harris (Liberal Democrat, Oxford West & Abingdon) Dr Brian Iddon (Labour, Bolton South East) Mr Gordon Marsden (Labour, Blackpool South) Dr Bob Spink (UK Independence Party, Castle Point) Ian Stewart (Labour, Eccles) Graham Stringer (Labour, Manchester, Blackley) Dr Desmond Turner (Labour, Brighton Kemptown) Mr Rob Wilson (Conservative, Reading East) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental Select Committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No.152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/ius A list of reports from the Committee in this Parliament is included at the back of this volume.
    [Show full text]
  • FLW January 2010
    Family Law Week October 2012 - 1 October 2012 News 1 The LSC has concluded that the 'part Analysis NEWS grant' transitional arrangement is no longer required. Solicitors can obtain International Children Law 21 Prior authorities for civil experts at the codified rate and the LSC Update: August 2012 experts – LSC revises will pay those hourly rates. Children: Private Law 27 processing system Update (September 2012) The LSC has produced a guidance 29 The Legal Services Commission will document to help with completion of Finance and Divorce September Update refuse all applications sent to its Cardiff CLS APP 8A which can be accessed here. office for prior authority sought at the Forced Marriage and the 33 codified rate from 1 October 2012, on the Criminal Law basis that authority is not required, LSC issues family guidance for Fact Finding Hearings: Who 35 unless the number of hours requested is very high cost cases Pays? unusually large. Applications above the A legal right to gay 39 codified rate will still be considered in The Legal Services Commission has marriage?* the usual way. made changes to the family documents for very high cost cases. Can the Court Protect 42 Since the Ministry of Justice introduced Vulnerable Adults who have Capacity? codified hourly rates for the payment of It has updated the following VHCC experts in 2011 the LSC has received a documents: Cases significant increase in the number of 44 prior authorities from 216 in November Ÿ High cost family cases information Singh v Singh & anor [2012] EWHC 615 (Ch) 2011 to 2,232 in June 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • The UK's Liabilities to the Financial Mechanisms of the European Union
    The UK’s liabilities to the financial mechanisms of the European Union By Bob Lyddon Lyddon Consulting Services Limited The UK’s liabilities to the financial mechanisms of the European Union By Bob Lyddon Lyddon Consulting Services Limited ISBN: 978-0-9564614-6-9 Published in May 2016 by The Bruges Group, 214 Linen Hall, 162-168 Regent Street, London W1B 5TB www.brugesgroup.com Follow us on twitter @brugesgroup Find our facebook group: The Bruges Group Bruges Group publications are not intended to represent a corporate view of European and international developments. Contributions are chosen on the basis of their intellectual rigour and their ability to open up new avenues for debate. Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Author biography ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Source Documents ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary
    [Show full text]
  • SYNOPTIC ELECTIONS Mike Simpson 2002; Revised AJE 2013, 2015, 2016
    SYNOPTIC ELECTIONS Mike Simpson 2002; revised AJE 2013, 2015, 2016 Contents Introduction p2 Election Systems p2 Candidate Selection p7 Campaigns p20 The Role of the Media p24 Campaign Finance p26 Voting Behaviour p42 Turnout p62 Issues affecting representation & participation – reform proposals p67 Page 1 Introduction In any system of democracy, elections are likely to have a vital role to play. If Lincoln's “rule of the people, by the people, for the people” is to be achieved, the public must be involved in politics. In a representative democracy this is most likely to be achieved via the use of elections. Elections serve several vital purposes in a democracy; 1. They encourage participation which must be regarded as essential in any democracy. 2. They provide for representation of the people's views. 3. They are a means of providing a government. 4. They also serve as a means of holding that government to account and as means of replacing it. 5. They are a means of recruitment of talented and committed people into the political elite who provide the Executive. The UK and the US whilst both, legitimately, claiming to be liberal democracies have very different arrangements for elections. These differences have a profound impact upon the nature of government and politics in these countries as a consequence. ELECTION SYSTEMS Overview Similarities The US and the UK both use First Past The Post – the Single Member Simple Plurality voting system. This is most obvious in elections to the House of Representatives and the House of Commons, as both are based on single-member districts or constituencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Rôle Des Associations Eurosceptiques Et Du United
    Le rôle des associations eurosceptiques et du United Kingdom Independence Party dans la campagne référendaire britannique de 2005 autour du traité constitutionnel européen Agnès Alexandre-Collier, Karine Tournier-Sol To cite this version: Agnès Alexandre-Collier, Karine Tournier-Sol. Le rôle des associations eurosceptiques et du United Kingdom Independence Party dans la campagne référendaire britannique de 2005 autour du traité constitutionnel européen. Revue française de civilisation britannique, CRECIB - Centre de recherche et d’études en civilisation britannique, 2009, pp.19-29. hal-00465876 HAL Id: hal-00465876 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465876 Submitted on 10 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License 1 Article paru dans Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, hors-série 2009, pp. 19-29 Le rôle des associations eurosceptiques et du United Kingdom Independence Party dans la campagne référendaire britannique de 2005 autour du traité constitutionnel européen Agnès ALEXANDRE-COLLIER, Université de Bourgogne et Karine TOURNIER-SOL, Université de Toulon. Si les résultats négatifs des référendums français et néerlandais du 29 mai et du 1er juin 2005 ont désormais exclu la possibilité d'un référendum britannique sur le traité constitutionnel européen, la perspective d'un référendum, à plus ou moins long terme, sur l'avenir de la place du Royaume-Uni dans l'Union européenne, n'en reste pas moins envisageable.
    [Show full text]
  • Charity Reg. No. 1113276
    BONE CANCER RESEARCH TRUST. Report of the Trustees and Financial Statements for the year ended 30th. June 2008. BONE CANCER RESEARCH TRUST Charity Reg. No. 1113276 TRUSTEES’ REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2008 1 BONE CANCER RESEARCH TRUST. Report of the Trustees and Financial Statements for the year ended 30th. June 2008. CONTENTS: Pages 2 – 3 1.0 Legal and Administrative Information Pages 4 – 7 2.0 How the Bone Cancer Research Trust came into begin Pages 7 – 8 3.0 Initial Structure, Governance and Management Pages 9 – 10 3.1 Governing Document 3.2 Organisational Structure 3.3 First Trustees 3.4 Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) 3.5 Recruitment and Appointment of Trustees 4.0 OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Pages 10 – 11 4.1 Grant Making Policy 5.0 STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT for the year 1st. July 2007 to 30th. June 2008 Pages 11 – 14 5.1 Trustees 5.2 Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) 5.3 Related Parties 5.4 Risk Management 5.5 Trust Patron 5.6 Establishment of the Trust’s Own Office 5.7 Appointment of the Head of Fundraising 5.8 Administrator 5.9 Voluntary Workers 5.10 Human Resources Consultancy 5.11 Professional Advisors 5.12 General, Designated and Restricted Fund Accounts 6.0 LINKS WITH OTHER ORGANISATIONS Pages 14 – 16 6.1 National Alliance of Childhood Cancer Parent Organisations (NACCPO) 6.2 British Sarcoma Group – 3rd. Annual Conference, Sheffield 6.3 Sarcoma UK 6.4 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 6.5 National Sarcoma Register Steering Group 6.6 Childhood Eye Cancer Trust (CHECT) 6.7 Teenage Cancer Trust (TCT) 7.0 ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE Pages 16 – 25 7.1 Research Applications and Grants 7.2 Promotional Activity 7.3 1st.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservatives and Europe, 1997–2001 the Conservatives and Europe, 1997–2001
    8 Philip Lynch The Conservatives and Europe, 1997–2001 The Conservatives and Europe, 1997–2001 Philip Lynch As Conservatives reflected on the 1997 general election, they could agree that the issue of Britain’s relationship with the European Union (EU) was a significant factor in their defeat. But they disagreed over how and why ‘Europe’ had contributed to the party’s demise. Euro-sceptics blamed John Major’s European policy. For Euro-sceptics, Major had accepted develop- ments in the European Union that ran counter to the Thatcherite defence of the nation state and promotion of the free market by signing the Maastricht Treaty. This opened a schism in the Conservative Party that Major exacer- bated by paying insufficient attention to the growth of Euro-sceptic sentiment. Membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) prolonged recession and undermined the party’s reputation for economic competence. Finally, Euro-sceptics argued that Major’s unwillingness to rule out British entry into the single currency for at least the next Parliament left the party unable to capitalise on the Euro-scepticism that prevailed in the electorate. Pro-Europeans and Major loyalists saw things differently. They believed that Major had acted in the national interest at Maastricht by signing a Treaty that allowed Britain to influence the development of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) without being bound to join it. Pro-Europeans noted that Thatcher had agreed to an equivalent, if not greater, loss of sovereignty by signing the Single European Act. They believed that much of the party could and should have united around Major’s ‘wait and see’ policy on EMU entry.
    [Show full text]