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IDŐJÁRÁS Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service Vol
IDŐJÁRÁS Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service Vol. 117, No. 2, April – June, 2013, pp. 219–237 Projected changes in the drought hazard in Hungary due to climate change Viktória Blanka1*, Gábor Mezősi1*, and Burghard Meyer2 1University of Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6. H-6722 Szeged, Hungary 2Universität Leipzig, Ritterstraße 26. DE-04109 Leipzig, Germany *Corresponding authors E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] (Manuscript received in final form December 18, 2012) Abstract–In the Carpathian Basin, drought is a severe natural hazard that causes extensive damage. Over the next century, drought is likely to remain one of the most serious natural hazards in the region. Motivated by this hazard, the analysis presented in this paper outlines the spatial and temporal changes of the drought hazard through the end of this century using the REMO and ALADIN regional climate model simulations. The aim of this study was to indicate the magnitude of the drought hazard and the potentially vulnerable areas for the periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, assuming the A1B emission scenario. The magnitude of drought hazard was calculated by aridity (De Martonne) and drought indices (Pálfai drought index, standardised anomaly index). By highlighting critical drought hazard areas, the analysis can be applied in spatial planning to create more optimal land and water management to eliminate the increasing drought hazard and the related wind erosion hazard. During the 21st century, the drought hazard is expected to increase in a spatially heterogeneous manner due to climate change. On the basis of temperature and precipitation data, the largest increase in the drought hazard by the end of the 21st century is simulated to occur in the Great Hungarian Plain. -
Analysis of the Transdanubian Region of Hungary According to Plant Species Diversity and Floristic Geoelement Categories
FOLIA OECOLOGICA – vol. 44, no. 1 (2017), doi: 10.1515/foecol-2017-0001 Review article Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories Dénes Bartha1*†, Viktor Tiborcz1* *Authors with equal contribution 1Department of Botany and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, H-9400 Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky 4, Hungary Abstract Bartha, D., Tiborcz, V., 2017. Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories.Folia Oecologica, 44: 1–10. The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungar- ian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoele- ments were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity. Keywords Borhidi’s climatic zones, climatic variables, floristic geoelement categories, macroregion, species diversity, Transdanubia Introduction Hungary is influenced by many different environmental In some European countries, floristic assessments conditions which are also reflected in the floristic diver- have already been made based on published flora at- sity. -
Research Article
kj8 z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 05, pp.3546-3552, May, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.34579.05.2019 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE THE CAVE OPENING TYPES OF THE BAKONY REGION (TRANSDANUBIAN MOUNTAINS, HUNGARY) *Márton Veress and Szilárd Vetési-Foith Department of Physical and Geography, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The genetic classification of the cave openings in the Bakony Region is described. The applied Received 09th February, 2019 methods are the following: studying the relation between the distribution of phreatic caves and the Received in revised form quality of the host rock and in case of antecedent valley sections, making theoretical geological 12th March, 2019 longitudinal profiles. The phreatic caves developed at the margins of the buried karst terrains of the th Accepted 15 April, 2019 mountains. The streams of these terrains created epigenetic valleys, while their seeping waters created th Published online 30 May, 2019 karst water storeys over the local impermeable beds. Cavity formation took place in the karst water storeys. Phreatic cavities also developed in the main karst water of the mountains. The caves are Key Words: primarily of valley side position, but they may occur on the roof or in the side of blocks. The cavities Gorge, Phreatic Cave, of valley side position were opened up by the streams downcutting the carboniferous rocks (these are Development of Cave openings. the present caves of the gorges). While cavities of block roof position developed at the karst water storey at the mound of the block. -
Evolution of Surfaces of Planation: Example of the Transdanubian Mountains, Western Hungary
Geogr. Fis. Dinam. Quat. 21 (1998), 61-69, 5 Itss. 1 tab. EVOLUTION OF SURFACES OF PLANATION: EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSDANUBIAN MOUNTAINS, WESTERN HUNGARY ABSTRACT: PECSI M., Evolution of surfaces of planation: example of tut amente interessate da sollevamenti tett onici , subs idenza e stiramenti tbe Transdanubian Mou ntains, W estern Hungary. (IT ISSN 0391-9838, orizzontali. 1998). Secondo questo modello, 10 spianamento di tipo tropicale (etchplana tion) del tardo Mesozoico con la forma zione di paleocarso e di bauxite This model claims that the surfaces of planat ion I once produced by some erosional processes, were reshaped in the later geological period s by non continuo nelle Mont agne Transdanubiane. Com e conseguenza di una repeated , alterna ting erosional and accumulation processes on the rnor complessa subsidenza tett onica differenziata, la maggior parte dei rilievi ph ostructure also repeatedly affected by tectonic uplift , sub sidence and fu ricop erta in vari rnornenti da variamente spesse coltri sedimenrarie. II horizont al displacement. seppellirnento fu perc seguito da una totale 0 parz iale esumazione almeno According to this model , late Mesozoic tropical etchplanation with in tre momenti, nel Paleogene, nel Neoge ne e nel Quatern ario. Durante paleokarst and bauxite form ation did not continue during the Tertiary in questi avvenimenti la superficie di spianamento di tip o tropicale cretacea the Transdanubian Mountains of Hungary. As a consequence of multiple fu interessata da erosione 0 da sedimentazione attraverso processi non ti differenti al tectonic subsidence, most of the range was buried in various picamente tropic ali (quali la perip edim enta zione, la forma zione di terraz thickness and at various intervals. -
A Tanulni Vágyók Soha El Nem Múló Tudásszomjának Csillapítására Az Úr És Az Internet Segedelmével Összeállította: Kiss Attila
IV. BÉLA ÁLTALÁNOS ISKOLA ÉS ÓVODA 7012 ALSÓSZENTIVÁN, BÉKE ÚT 112. Tel.:(25) / 504-710; fax: (25) / 504-711;. OM: 030 149 e-mail: [email protected] Intézményünk COMENIUS 2000 alapú minőségirányítási rendszert működtet. Az év végi vizsga szóbeli témakörei FÖLDRAJZ A tanulni vágyók soha el nem múló tudásszomjának csillapítására az Úr és az Internet segedelmével összeállította: Kiss Attila Alsószentiván, 2008. 1. MAGYARORSZÁG FÖLDRAJZI HELYZETE 1. Helyünk a földgömbön a) az Egyenlítőtől északra az északi félgömb országa b) a kezdő 0. hosszúsági körtől keletre a keleti félgömbön található c) a Ráktérítő és az Északi-sarkkör között az északi mérsékelt övben fekszik d) földrészünk: Európa 2. Helyünk Európában a) Európa központi országa Közép-Európa országai közé tartozik. b) Közép-Európán belül gazdasági-társadalmi fejlettsége miatt Kelet-Közép- Európába sorolják hazánkat. c) A Kárpátok gyűrűjében terül el a Kárpát-medence országa d) a Duna középső szakasza mentén fekszik a Közép-Duna-medencében található 3. Szomszédos országok Irány Ország Főváros É Szlovákia Pozsony (Bratislava) ÉK Ukrajna Kijev (Kiev) K Románia Bukarest (Bucuresti) D Szerbia Belgrád (Beograd) D-DNY Horvátország Zágráb (Zagreb) DNY Szlovénia Ljubljana NY Ausztria Bécs (Wien) 4. Magyarország általános adatai Területe: 93 000 km2 Lakossága: 10 millió fő Fővárosa: Budapest A főváros lakossága: 1.8 millió fő Államformája: köztársaság Államnév: Magyar Köztársaság Köztársasági elnök: Miniszterelnök: Éghajlata: nedves kontinentális Évi középhőmérséklet: 10-11 C Évi csapadék: 500 – 800 mm Uralkodó szélirány: ÉNY – NY 2. MAGYARORSZÁG FÖLDTÖRTÉNETE 1. Óidő: (580–240 millió éve) A Föld kora 4600 millió év. Hazánk legrégibb kőzete alig 1000 millió éves, az is mélyen a felszín alatt van hazánk területe az eddigi ismereteink szerint nem tartozott az ősidőben keletkezett területek közé. -
Dr. Jenő PAPP's Curriculum Vitae
Dr. Jenő PAPP’s Curriculum Vitae Born 20 May 1933 in Budapest. Mother’s maiden name: Ibolya Marcsekényi, primary school teacher, deceased 1969. Father dr. Ágoston Papp, paediatrist, deceased 1960. His highest qualification is university, graduated as certified zoologist at the Lorand Eötvös University, Budapest 1951–1956. Obtained university doctorate 1962. Earned the academic honour Candidate of Biological Science (=PhD) 1976. Title of his dissertation: “Evolutionary trends of the braconid species Apanteles and their significance in the biological control”, 233 pages + 78 figures. In an academic public debate acquired the honorary Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (biology). Title of the doctorate dissertation “Taxonomical, systematical, zoogeographical and applied entomological studies on braconid wasps”, 117 pages. Married twice: first wife Irma Kolep, librarian (deceased 2008), by whom he has two adult children, Zsófia (1962) and Jenő (1964). Second wife Ágnes Árpási, retired secondary school teacher. Job experience –– From 3 April to 30 September 1956 trainee journalist for weekly “Élet és Tudomány” (=Life and Science). 1 October 1956 moves to Bakony Museum, Veszprém, and assumes assistant museologist’s post; from this time on keeps serving the cause of Hungarian museology. From 1962 museologist in the staff of the Directorate of County Museum Veszprém and from 1967 holds the position of deputy director of the County Museum Veszprém, simultaneously appointed as principal research fellow. Employment at the Directorate terminated 31 December 1969. 1 January 1970 transferred to the Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, and put in curatorship of the Hymenoptera Section and appointed as principal research worker (senior entomologist). -
MAGYARORSZÁG Névanyaga
MAGYARORSZÁG névanyaga Domborzat, vízrajz Alföld: Mezőföld, Duna–Tisza köze, Kiskunság, Bácska, Duna-mellék, Pesti-síkság, Solti-síkság, Sárköz, Csepel-sziget, Mohácsi-sziget, Tiszántúl, Nyírség, Hajdúság, Maros-Körös köze, Körös- vidék, Szatmári-síkság, Hortobágy, Nagykunság, Tiszazug, Bodrogköz, Jászság, Dráva-mellék (Dráva menti síkság) Kisalföld: Győri-medence, Szigetköz, Mosoni-síkság, Rábaköz, Fertő–Hanság-medence, Marcal- medence (Somló 432 m) Alpokalja (Nyugat-magyarországi-peremvidék): Soproni-hegység, Kőszegi-hegység (Írott-kő 882 m), Vasi-hegyhát, Kemeneshát, Őrség Dunántúli-dombság (Dunántúli-domb- és hegyvidék): Zalai-dombság, Somogyi-dombság Î Belső-Somogy, Külső-Somogy, Tolnai-hegyhát, Szekszárdi-dombság, Mecsek (Zengő 680 m), Baranyai-dombság, Villányi-hegység Dunántúli-középhegység: Bakony Î Északi-Bakony (Kőris-hegy 709 m) és Déli-Bakony (Kab- hegy 599 m), Keszthelyi-hegység, Tapolcai-medence, Badacsony, Szt. György-hegy, Balaton- felvidék, Tihanyi-félsziget, Bakonyalja, Sokoró, Móri-árok, Vértes (Nagy-Csákány 487 m), Zámolyi-medence, Velencei-hegység, Tatai-árok, Gerecse (633 m), Dunazug-hegység, Zsámbéki- medence, Dunakanyar, Visegrádi-hegység (Dobogó-kő 699 m), Pilis (757 m), Szentendrei-sziget, Budai-hegység *(Hármashatár-hegy, Szabadság-hegy, Nagy-Kopasz), Tétényi-fennsík Északi-középhegység: Börzsöny (Csóványos 939 m), Nógrádi-medence, Cserhát (Naszály 652 m), Gödöllői-dombság, Mátra (Kékes 1014 m, Galya-tető 964 m), Mátraalja, Bükk (Istállós-kő 958 m), Bükk-fennsík, Bükkalja, Borsodi-medence, Aggteleki-karszt, -
Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Shallow Groundwater Conditions in Hungary
water Article Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Shallow Groundwater Conditions in Hungary Attila Kovács 1,* and András Jakab 2 1 Department of Engineering Geology and Geotechnics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M˝uegyetemrkp. 1, 1111 Budapest, Hungary 2 Jakab és Társai Kft., 32 Jászóvár utca, 2100 Gödöll˝o,Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop a methodology for the evaluation of direct climate impacts on shallow groundwater resources and its country-scale application in Hungary. A modular methodology was applied. It comprised the definition of climate zones and recharge zones, recharge calculation by hydrological models, and the numerical modelling of the groundwater table. Projections of regional climate models for three different time intervals were applied for the simulation of predictive scenarios. The investigated regional climate model projections predict rising annual average temperature and generally dropping annual rainfall rates throughout the following decades. Based on predictive modelling, recharge rates and groundwater levels are expected to drop in elevated geographic areas such as the Alpokalja, the Eastern parts of the Transdanubian Mountains, the Mecsek, and Northern Mountain Ranges. Less significant groundwater level drops are predicted in foothill areas, and across the Western part of the Tiszántúl, the Duna-Tisza Interfluve, and the Szigetköz areas. Slightly increasing recharge and groundwater levels are predicted in the Transdanubian Hills and the Western part of the Transdanubian Mountains. Simulation results Citation: Kovács, A.; Jakab, A. represent groundwater conditions at the country scale. However, the applied methodology is suitable Modelling the Impacts of Climate for simulating climate change impacts at various scales. -
Hungarian Travertines
HUNGARIAN TRAVERTINES Ferenc SCHWEITZER - Gyula SCHEUER ABSTRACT The travertine levels, which overlie each in a step-like fashion can be divided into two groups (the horizons of travertines were numbered from the lowest point (Budapest, Rómaifürdő, 107 m.a.s.l.) up to the highest (Buda Mountains, Szabadsághegy-Normafa,493 m a.s.l.), so their symbols are T, — T12. First are the members of the lower series deposited close to each other on the valley-side terrace between 107 and 240 m a.s.l. (horizons T, — T7). Second are the members of the higher series deposited on older geomorphological levels (T8 — Tl2) which succeed each other with considerable local height difference and are iithologically different from the lower series. Correlations between the lower travertine series and the terraces of the Danube and its tributaries. Travertine T, can be associated with the first flood-free (Il/a) terrace, travertine T2 with the second flood-free terrace (Il/b), and so on up to horizon T5, which is deposited directly on the terrace No. V. north of Budapest. The travertine horizons Ts, Th and T7 are best represented in the Gerecse Mountains, where they lie on terraces V, VI, VII of the Danube and occasionally on those of its tributaries. The absolute age of selected travertines deposited on the terraces was determined by means of the Th/U method (PÉCSI, — OSMOND, J.K. 1973). and gave ages of 70 000 years for travertine T2 (Óbuda terrace Il/b), 190 000 years for travertine T, (Kiscell Plateau) and more than 350 000 years for the travertine T4 (Vértesszőlős — Buda Castle Hill). -
Botond Radiolarite Sources from the Bakony Mountains
Archaeologia Polona, vol. 55 : 2017, 243 – 265 PL ISSN 0066 - 5924 Radiolarite sources from the Bakony mountains: new research Attila Botond Szilasia New geological data on the Transdanubian radiolarites and a revision of the so called Szent- gál-complex has brought a new archaeological picture of the Bakony mountains. Earlier radiolarite subgroups such as Szentgál-type, Hárskút-type or Úrkút-Eplény-type have no further relevance, because colour variation cannot be used as an indication of the exact location of the different chert outcrops. All possible colour variations, from brick-red to dark brown and varying yellowish, can be found in all parts of the Bakony mountains. Independent CRF-examinations resulted in similar observations. Such radiolarites can be found throughout the Bakony mountain range with uniform variation across the massif. Technological examination of different chopped tools from the surrounding archaeological settlements of Szentgál has provided fresh data: the settle- ments round Szentgál were not directly connected to the mines and to tool production. The pres- ence of flakes, reduced cores, tablets and large volumes of waste indicate that these were not workshops preparing the mined raw material, but rather sites of regular tool production. KEY-WORDS: chert, radiolarite, Transdanubian radiolarite, Bakony mountains, CRF- -examination, Szentgál-komplex INTRODUCTION The diversity of raw materials in the chipped stone industry in the Transdanubian region of Hungary is not that significant. The so-called Transdanubian radiolarite dominates the archaeological lithic assemblages, mostly in conjunction with different grey flint types from Tevel and other areas of the Bakony mountains. Obsidian is seldom found in the lithic collection, as retouched tools or as supports. -
Geothermics of the Pannonian Basin and Its Bearing on the Neotectonics
EGU Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series, 3, 29–40, 2002 c European Geosciences Union 2002 Geothermics of the Pannonian basin and its bearing on the neotectonics L. Lenkey1, P. Dov¨ enyi´ 1, F. Horvath´ 1, and S. A. P.L. Cloetingh2 1Department of Geophysics, Eotv¨ os¨ University, Pazm´ any´ Peter´ set´ any´ 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary 2Institute for Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Received: 13 November 2000 – Accepted: 1 May 2002 Abstract. Different aspects of the geothermics of the Pan- part of the crust has brittle strength, as opposed to the Dinar- nonian basin are investigated from the viewpoint of neotec- ides where the brittle part of the crust is 20–24 km thick, and tonics. A heat flow map of the basin and the surrounding there is a mechanically strong layer also in the upper mantle. region is presented. It is shown that the high heat flow of the Pannonian basin, the subsidence and maturation history of the Neogene sediments can be explained in general by Mid- 1 Introduction dle Miocene extension and thinning of the lithosphere. To obtain fit to the observed vitrinite reflectance data in the pe- The terrestrial heat flow provides basic information on the ripheral areas uplift and erosion had to be assumed, which geothermal processes at depth. There are abundant tem- started in the Late Pliocene. For the same time period a perature and thermal conductivity measurements in the Pan- thermo-mechanical extensional model would predict thermal nonian basin and the surrounding region, which allow the subsidence, therefore, the observation of this late stage uplift determination of the heat flow in many locations (Cermˇ ak,´ suggests that the thermal subsidence has been overprinted by 1978; Demetrescu, 1978; Dov¨ enyi´ et al., 1983; Dov¨ enyi´ and tectonic forces, like an increase of intraplate stress. -
Complexity and Autonomy in Bronze Age Europe: Assessing Cultural Developments in Eastern Hungary
COMPLEXITY AND AUTONOMY IN BRONZE AGE EUROPE: ASSESSING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN EASTERN HUNGARY by Paul R. Duffy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor John M. O’Shea, Chair Professor Daniel G. Brown Professor Robert E. Whallon Jr. Professor Henry T. Wright © Paul R. Duffy 2010 For my Mother and Father ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My interest in comparative anthropology was ignited during my undergraduate degree while taking classes with Bruce Trigger at McGill University. Although I found the comparison of states fascinating, my interest centered on the long developmental sequences that led to their formation. When I arrived in Ann Arbor in 2001, I wanted to compare the prehistoric trajectories of complex societies, and explain why they diverged. It was fortuitous that Joyce Marcus suggested I spend a summer in Hungary on Bill Parkinson’s NSF funded project in 2002. Meeting with Bill and Attila Gyucha, his Hungarian colleague, would set in motion close collaborative friendships that would allow the study of the eastern Hungarian Bronze Age contained within these pages. My debt to them and countless others is enormous. Many people facilitated my entry into Hungary. Pál Raczky generously provided input on my project when I was first becoming acquainted with the Hungarian Bronze Age. Magdi Vicze was very kind in introducing me to Százhalombatta archaeology and answering my questions about the Great Hungarian Plain. In and around Budapest, I have been warmly greeted by the next generation of Bronze Age specialists: Dani Fukőh, Brigitta Berzsényi, Vajk Szeverényi, Attila Kreiter, Gabi Kúlcsár, Viktória Kiss, Klara Fischl, László Reményi, János Dani and many others.