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Texts by: Daniela Giovampietro Translated by: Renzo Arzeni DGE SYSTEM worked have often architects famous on which Great it earnedthenicknameof “Pulcino”. little elephant, whichissosmallinfactthat The ptor ErcoleFerrara. Bernini, throughtheworkofscul- according toadesignbyGianLorenzo Minerva andwasthenagainerected gside thechurchofS. Mariasopra in theconventofDominicansalon- trace ofituntil1665whenwasfound Campense, afterwhichtherewasno Domitian andplacedinthe Yseo its 4faces. ItwasbroughttoRomeby there arehieroglyphicinscriptionson hill, where itremains. in thegardensofhisvillaon theCaelian Ciriaco Matteiin1582andhe erectedit donated bytheRomanSenate to Temple ofIsisatCampo Marzio. Itwas to RomebyDomitianandplaced inthe coming fromHeliopolis, itwasbrought Dating fromthetimesofRamsesIIand a smallobelisk, 12.23 metresinheight. The Fountain oftheFour Rivers. in thecentreofPiazzaNavona, inhis architect GianLorenzoBerniniraised it was recoveredbyInnocentXandthe his Circusonthe , whereit then Maxentiushadittransported to initially placedinthe Temple ofIsis; dating fromtheDomitianperiod, itwas it reaches30metres. A Romanwork metres inheight, butcountingitsbase Rivers. Madeofgranite, itis16.54 forms partoftheFountain oftheFour in Villa Celimontana Obelisk inPiazzaNavona. [ This obeliskstandsonthebackofa This is metres almost 50 up to times reach that at Monoliths

The Obelisk in Villa Celimontana without anyhieroglyphs, itwasoriginal- probably fromthetimesofDomitian; is about25.50metreshighanddates lisk erectedinRomebyPopeSixtus V. It dell’Esquilino andwasthesecondobe- The sequently transferred totheCapitol. sidered tobeofConstantineandsub- statue ofMarcus Aurelius, wronglycon- erect itatSanGiovanniinsteadofthe commissioned DomenicoFontana to its presentlocationtoSixtus V who placed intheCircusMaximus, itowes Constantius IIin357 AD andinitially Brought toRomebytheEmperor Ammon at Thebes (Karnak)inEgypt. Originally itwasinthe Temple of Thutmose III(15thcenturyBC). phyry atthebehestofPharaoh was madeoutofasingleblockpor- counting thebaseandcross). It (32.18 metres, reaching45.70metres the oldestandtallestobeliskinRome Piazza SanGiovanniinLaterano, thisis The Esquiline Obelisk Obelisk, situated in is inPiazza

The , basement instructions fromPopeSixtus V “Happy Road” –byDomenicoFontana on its presentsite–alongwhatiscalledthe was returnedto Ethiopia. from Addis Ababa. After thewarLion with thebronzeLionofJudas, brought Diocleziano whereitwasembellished to thegardenin Via delle Terme di Dogali obeliskwassubsequently moved Dogali inthe African warinEritrea. The tion, tocommemorate thebattleof and wasmovedclosetothe Termini sta- Church ofSantaMariasopra Minerva found in1883byRodolfoLancianiatthe the daysofRamsesIIatHeliopolis, itwas height withabaseandstar. Erectedin di Diocleziano. Itisabout6metresin The broken intoseveral parts. the vicinityof Via Ripettaburiedand in PiazzadelQuirinale. Itwasfoundin with theotherobeliskthatnowstands atCampoMarziotogether ly placedinfrontoftheMausoleum Dogali Obelisk [ The EsquilineObeliskwasmovedto is in Via delle Terme . 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Addresses (Ottaviano-San Pietrostop). Obelisk inPiazza SanPietro Obelisk inPiazzaNavona and 40. Obelisk inPiazzadellaMinerva Buses: 85, 87, 850and40. Obelisk inPiazzadellaRotonda(Pantheon) and 75. Metro: line A (Spagnastop). Obelisk inPiazzaMontecitorio. 490. Metro: line A (Flaminiostop). Obelisk inPiazzadelPopolo stop). Buses: 81, 628, 117and119. Metro: line A (Spagna Obelisk in Viale dell’ObeliscoatthePincio. 85. Metro: line A (Spagnastop). Obelisk at . 119. Metro: line A (Spagnastop). Obelisk at Trinità deiMonti. and 175. Metro: line A (Repubblicastop). Obelisk inPiazzadelQuirinale. 81. Metro: lineB(Colosseostop). Obelisk at Villa Celimontana stop). Buses: 81, 85, 87and714. Metro: line A (SanGiovanni Obelisk inP.zza San GiovanniinLaterano. stop). and 649. Metro: line A (Termini or Vittorio Emanuele Obelisk inPiazzadell’Esquilino 40 and86. Metro: line A (Termini orRepubblicastop) Obelisk ofthe Terme diDiocleziano Buses: 81, 628, 117, 119and . Buses: 116, 64and87. . Bus: 40. Metro: line A line Metro: 40. . Bus: . Buses: 117, 119and . Buses: 714, 87and Buses: 116, 117and Buses: 87, 116, 571 . . Buses: 714, 360 Buses: 40, 117, Buses: 85, 850, COLOSSEO . Buses: 64, . [ THE OBELISKS Roma ti aspetta PIEGHEVOLI DEFINITIVIINGLESE6antMODIF_Layout126/11/1009.00Pagina8 the city. as pointsofreferenceforpilgrimsvisiting to thebasilicasandusingobelisks thoroughfares tobeconstructed, running , causingstraight aspect, through theworkofarchitect who firsttransformed ’s town-planning and Rome. ItwasPope Sixtus V transported tothepiazzasofRenaissance the oneswhohadthesemonuments conquered. Subsequentlythepopeswere here by Augustus, afterEgypthadbeen The Egyptianonesweretransported Roman times. of Egyptianorigin, andothersfrom There are14obelisksinRome, largely

The Vatican Obelisk It takesitsnamefromtheancient Via and thecrossitreaches36.50metres. metres inheight, andcountingthebase centre ofPiazzadelPopolo. Itis24 The FlaminianObelisk. 1740 provedthatthiswasnottrue. Christ. Buttherestoration carriedoutin Caesar andevenfragments ofthecross mounting itcontainedtheashesofJulius obelisk saysthatthebronzeglobesur- months forthe “removal”. Domenico Fontana whotookaboutfour to PiazzaSanPietro, bythearchitect 1586, whenPopeSixtus V haditmoved Circus ofNero, whereitremaineduntil in37 AD andplacedinthe brought toRomebytheemperor in Egyptthe7thcenturyBC, itwas by thePharaoh NencoreIIIatHeliopolis lions) reachesalmost40metres. Raised high, whichwithitsbase(4bronze single blockofporphyry25.5metres to beerectedbyPopeSixtus V. Itisa Obelisk Vatican The [ The mostfamouslegendaboutthis was thefirstone This isinthe grims’ path for thepil- reference the pointof obelisks, 14 large

Trinità dei Only after50years didPius VI haveitpla- 1733 toClementXIIbyPrincess . Roman Imperial Age. Itwas donatedin tion ofEgyptianstyleerected inthe About 30metreshigh, this was animita- Obelisk ofPiazza Trinità deiMonti. dens, bythearchitect Marini. again haditerectedinthePinciangar- Vatican whereitremained untilPius VII moved tothePignaCourtyardin it toPopeClementXIVwhohad Barberini. In1713theBarberinidonated had itplacedtemporarily facingPalazzo then lostuntilthedaysofBernini, who residence. All trace oftheobeliskwas Heliogabalus haditshiftedtoadornhis was originallyerectedbyHadrianbut its baseandthestarsurmountingit. It in height, itreached17.26metreswith dell’Obelisco atthePincio. 9.24metres The PincianObelisk Domenico Fontana in1589. today attheordersofPopeSixtus V by erected intheplacewhereitstands Obelisk. Itwasrestoredandnewly Maximus togetherwiththeLateran of EgyptandwasplacedintheCircus at Heliopolistocelebrate theconquest Augustus fromthe Temple oftheSun lisk ofRome. Itwasbroughtin10BCby Flaminia andisthesecondoldestobe- is in Viale “shifted” in several times the centuries the courseof constructions, Impressive

Trinità dei Monti the globe). ItcamefromHeliopolis height (21.79metresplusthe baseand It isofgranite andisabout34metresin sent thisstandsinPiazzaMontecitorio. The the GardensofSallust. The Monti bythearchitect Antinori. ced infrontofthechurch Trinità dei where itwaserected in594-598BC which wasplacedinthevilla. made insubstitutionoftheoriginal, 19th centuryacopyofthespirewas was transported toFlorence. Inthe lisk. After hisdeath, in1790theobelisk archaeological items, includingthisobe- was anartloverandcollectedvarious Pincio; CardinalFerdinando de’Medici the French Academy issituatedatthe the gardensof Villa Medici, where the SallustObeliskbecauseitcamefrom gives itsname, thisobeliskisknownalsoas Obelisk of Villa Medici Obelisk ofMontecitorio. [ Standing inthepiazzatowhichit was in At pre- civilization and Roman of Egyptian Testimonies ther withtheEsquilineObeliskinfront Egyptian obelisksandwasplacedtoge- days ofDomitianinimitationthe high. Inallprobabilityitwasmadeinthe The who haditerectedinPiazzaMontecitorio. Antinori, commissionedbyPopePius VI, it wasrestoredbythearchitectGiovanni was thenburiedformanycenturies. In1792 a gnomonofthesun-god. was initiallyplacedinCampoMarzioas together withtheFlaminianobelisk, and 10 itwasbroughttoRomeby Augustus during thereignofPsamtikII. Intheyear The Quirinale Obelisk Costantino (BathsofConstantine). Pollux, broughtfrom the Terme di two colossalstatuesofCastorand Quirinal byGiovanni Antinori, alongside In 186PopePius VI haditraised atthe Goths, itwasforgottenforalongperiod. year 10 AD. Knockeddownbythe of theMausoleum Augustus inthe Quirinale Obelisk, [ The obeliskcollapsedafterafireand 28.9 metres

The Obelisk in Piazza del Pantheon the 6thcentury BC, ofpinkgranite, and made inEgyptbythePharaoh Aprie in cross thiscomesupto12.69 m. Itwas height, but includingthebaseand piazza ofthatname. Itis5.47metresin dler”) dellaMinerva” andstandsinthe known asthe “Pulcino (“chick” or “tod- The with numerousdecorative elements Barigioni whoenrichedthefountain ried outbythearchitectFilippo Giacomo dellaPorta; theworkwascar- ClementXI, abovethefountainby then shiftedtothePantheon in1711by near toS. Mariasopra Minervaand . Itwasfoundin1665 to beplacedinthe Yseo Serapeo at and wasbroughttoRomebyDomitian Ramses II(1300-1234BC)atHeliopolis and thecross. Itwaserectedby 12.97 metresifweincludethebase metres inheight, butincreasesup to made ofredgranite. This Itisabout6 The Obelisk inPiazzadelPantheon Minerva Obelisk is popularly