Raptors Conservation ISSN 1814–0076 ПЕРНАТЫЕХИЩНИКИИИХОХРАНА 2008№11
Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè The Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia
Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ó÷- The Raptors Conservation Newsletter was found- ðåæä¸í ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé ed by the non-governmental organizations the îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêî- Siberian Environmental Center (Novosibirsk) and ëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èñ- the Center for Field Studies (Nizhniy Novgorod). ñëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé» (Í.Íîâãîðîä). Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñè- Editors: Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environmen- áýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí tal Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) and Igor Karyakin (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä). (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia). Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî, This issue has been made by: Elvira Nikolenko, Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí, Íèêîëàé è Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâû, Igor Karyakin, Nikolay and Eugene Potapov, Àííà Øåñòàêîâà. Anna Shestakova. Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæêè: Photo on the front cover: Chick of the Greater Ïòåíåö áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (Aqila clanga) â ãíåç- Spotted Eagle (Aqila clanga) in the nest, Altai äå, Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, Ðîññèÿ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Kray, Russia. Photo by I. Karyakin.  èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêè èñ- Photos on the back cover by I. Karyakin. ïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôèè È. Êàðÿêèíà. Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåù¸â Design by D. Senotrusov, A. Kleschev Âåðñòêà: À. Êëåù¸â Page-proofs by A. Kleschev Êîððåêòóðà: À. Êàþìîâ Proof-reader by A. Kayumov
Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ: Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè: Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, â.í.ñ., ê.á.í., ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåíñêèé», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; 630090 Ðîññèÿ, [email protected] Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 Ò.Î. Áàðàáàøèí, ê.á.í., ÐÃÏÓ, Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíó, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Ñ.À. Áóêðååâ, ñ.í.ñ., ê.á.í., ÈÒèÝÁ ÐÀÍ, Ïóùèíî, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Editorial adress: Í.Þ. Êèñåëåâà, ê.ïåä.í., ÑÎÏÐ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk, Ð.Ä. Ëàïøèí, äîö., ê.á.í., ÍÃÏÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Russia, 630090 À.Ñ. Ëåâèí, äîö., ê.á.í., Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÌÎèÍ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí; Tel./Fax: (383) 363 00 59 [email protected] Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, ïðîô., ä.á.í., Íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Òàø- E-mail: [email protected] êåíò, Óçáåêèñòàí; [email protected] [email protected] À.Ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ, ê.á.í., ÖÑÂÓÝÑ, Ñàìàðà, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] [email protected] Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ, ê.á.í., Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Å.Ð. Ïîòàïîâ, Ph.D., Èññëåäîâàíèå Ïðèðîäû, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ; http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors [email protected] Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí, ïðîô., ä.á.í., ÈÑèÝË ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñèáýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC À.À. Øåñòàêîâà, ê.á.í., ÍÍÃÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] T. Katzner, Ph.D., Conservation and Field Research National Aviary, USA; Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå: [email protected] Guidelines for Contributors available on website: M.J. McGrady, Ph.D., Natural Research, UK; [email protected] http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/ Editors ОТРЕДАКЦИИ
Äîðîãèå êîëëåãè! Dear colleagues!
Ìû ïîçäðàâëÿåì Âàñ ñ íîâûì, 2008 ãîäîì! Happy New Year 2008!  ÿíâàðå ýòîãî ãîäà âûïóñêîì 11-ãî íîìåðà ìû îòìå÷àåì 3 The newsletter «Raptors Conservation» has ãîäà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ íàøåãî æóðíàëà. Çà ýòîò íåáîëüøîé, íî ïðî- been published already 3 years and there is äóêòèâíûé ñðîê óæå ìîæíî ïîäâåñòè íåêîòîðûå èòîãè è íàìå- a chance to recon up some results of our òèòü äàëüíåéøèå ïóòè ðàçâèòèÿ. Ìû çàèíòåðåñîâàíû â âàøåì äå- work and activity of authors. The aspiration ÿòåëüíîì ó÷àñòèè â ðàçâèòèè èçäàíèÿ, òàê êàê îäíîé èç öåëåé of editors release the newsletter free of íàøåãî æóðíàëà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîääåðæêà àêòèâíîñòè ðîññèéñêèõ îð- charge for subscribers has been successful. íèòîëîãîâ â äåëå èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðàíû ðåäêèõ õèùíèêîâ Âîñòî÷- All planned issues have been granted. Un- íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè. fortunately post costs have increased and Âàæíåéøèì óñòîé÷èâûì ðåçóëüòàòîì íàøåé ðàáîòû ìû ñ÷èòà- costs of sending exceed the cost price of åì òîò ôàêò, ÷òî íàì óäà¸òñÿ ïîëíîñòüþ ïîêðûâàòü ðàñõîäû èçäà- newsletter, therefore some subscribers have íèÿ çà ñ÷¸ò áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ è ñðåäñòâ ãðàíòîâ – æóð- refused to receive the hard copy and since íàë áûë è îñòà¸òñÿ áåñïëàòíûì äëÿ ïîëó÷àòåëåé. Áîëå òîãî, 8-th issue the circulation has been 1000 ðåãóëÿðíî ìû íàõîäèì ñðåäñòâà è íà ðàññûëêó æóðíàëà ïî çàïî- copies. We hope to attract the charitable âåäíèêàì è íàöèîíàëüíûì ïàðêàì Ðîññèè. È ýòî ïðè òîì, ÷òî facilities for publishing and distribution of ïî÷òîâûå ðàñõîäû âîçðîñëè â öåíå: òàê, ñòîèìîñòü ïåðåñûëêè 1 the newsletter and it should not commer- íîìåðà çà ðóáåæ ïðåâûøàåò çàòðàòû íà åãî èçäàíèå â 4 ðàçà. cial in future. Óâåëè÷åíèå ïî÷òîâûõ ðàñõîäîâ çàñòàâèëî ìíîãèõ çàðóáåæíûõ Last period has demonstrated a necessity ïîëó÷àòåëåé îòêàçàòüñÿ îò ïîëó÷åíèÿ áóìàæíîé âåðñèè æóðíàëà the newsletter for ornithologists and bird- è äîâîëüñòâîâàòüñÿ ëèøü ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèåé. Èìåííî â ñâÿçè ñ watchers. The number of downloads of on- ýòèì, íà÷èíàÿ ñ 8-ãî âûïóñêà, òèðàæ îñòà¸òñÿ ôèêñèðîâàííûì – line version of the newsletter from the «Rus- 1000 ýêç. sian Raptors» web-site increases every year
Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà çàêà- ÷åê ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèè áþëëåòåíÿ «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ïî íîìåðàì Fig. 1. Loadings of differ- ent issues of the on-line Newsletter «Raptors Con- servation» 4 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Ñîáûòèÿ
Êîëè÷åñòâî çàêà÷åê âûïóñêîâ æóðíàëà ñ ñàéòà «Ïåðíàòûå õèù- (fig. 1, 2). 57677 PDF-files of issues were íèêè Ðîññèè» åæåãîäíî ðàñò¸ò, è åñëè çà 2005 ã. áûëî ñêà÷àíî â downloaded for 3 years, and 59% of which ñðåäíåì 2278 êàæäîãî èç âûïóñêîâ (¹¹ 1–3), òî çà 2007 ã. ýòà – for 2007, that has demonstrated about öèôðà âîçðîñëà äî 3407, ïðè áîëåå ÷åì òð¸õêðàòíîì óâåëè÷å- essential increasing of on-line readers of íèè êîëè÷åñòâà âûïóñêîâ (¹¹ 1–10) (ðèñ. 1, 2).  öåëîì çà 3 Newsletter «Raptors Conservation». The ãîäà ñ ñàéòà ñêà÷àíî 57677 ôàéëîâ ïîëíûõ âåðñèé âûïóñêîâ, most popular on-line issues are 2, 7 and 8 ïðè÷¸ì 59% – â 2007 ã., ÷òî ãîâîðèò î ñóùåñòâåííîì ðîñòå àóäè- (more than 7700 downloads for 3 years). òîðèè ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèè æóðíàëà. Ëèäèðóþò ïî êîëè÷åñòâó Interest of experts to these issues was çàêà÷åê 2-é, 7-é è 8-é íîìåðà: íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü ïîëíàÿ âåð- caused by the main themes of they: falcons ñèÿ êàæäîãî èç íèõ ñêà÷åíà áîëåå 7700 ðàç. Ïðè÷¸ì àáñîëþòíî and new data about distribution and number ëèäèðóåò ïî êîëè÷åñòâó çàêà÷åê 8-é íîìåð, 7869 êîòîðîãî ñêà- of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), and also ÷àíî òîëüêî â 2007 ã. Èíòåðåñ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ê ýòèì âûïóñêàì about contraband of falcons. âûçâàí èõ ñîêîëèíîé òåìàòèêîé, â òîì ÷èñëå è íîâûìè äàííûìè The editorial board accepts papers from î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè è ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug). Íàè- any researchers arranged according to ìåíüøèì óñïåõîì ó ÷èòàòåëåé ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèè ïîëüçóåòñÿ guidelines. We consider that surveys of dif- âûïóñê ¹ 5, ïîëíûõ âåðñèé êîòîðîãî ñêà÷àíî íàèìåíüøåå êîëè- ferent territories, species and also different ÷åñòâî – 3822 çà 2 ãîäà. Èç ýòîãî âûïóñêà ïî çàêà÷êàì ëèäèðóåò points of view of researches make the mag- åäèíñòâåííàÿ ñòàòüÿ «Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Óëóòàó», êîòîðóþ ÷è- azine more interesting. òàòåëè çàêà÷èâàþò â áîëüøåì êîëè÷åñòâå, ÷åì ïîëíóþ âåðñèþ We thank all our colleagues, who write æóðíàëà, õîòÿ â íîìåðå ïðåäñòàâëåí äîâîëüíî õîðîøèé îáçîð and translate the papers, announces, and ïî ñîâàì Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè è èíòåðåñíåéøàÿ ñòàòüÿ «Ãðèô unselfish help to prepare every issue. We íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó, Óçáåêèñòàí». Îòñóòñòâèå ïîïóëÿðíîñòè ó äâóõ are waiting new and interesting papers from ïîñëåäíèõ ñòàòåé âîçìîæíî âûçâàíî ìèíèìàëüíûì èíòåðåñîì ÷è- authors and will be glad to any help. òàòåëåé ê ïàäàëüùèêàì è ñîâàì. With thanks Ñîñòàâ àâòîðîâ, ïóáëèêóþùèõ ñâîè ìàòåðèàëû, îñòà¸òñÿ äîñòà- Igor Karyakin and Elvira Nikolenko òî÷íî îãðàíè÷åííûì. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ðàäóåò ïîÿâëåíèå àâòîðîâ, íå âõîäÿùèõ â ñîñòàâ ðåäêîëëåãèè è íå ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ó÷ðåäèòåëÿ- ìè æóðíàëà ñîâìåñòíîé ðàáîòîé. Îäíàêî ïðè ýòîì çàìåòíà îá- ùàÿ íèçêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü îðíèòîëîãîâ èç Ðîññèè è äðóãèõ ñòðàí áûâ- øåãî ÑÑÑÐ.  òî æå âðåìÿ íàáëþäàåòñÿ âûñîêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü Ðèñ. 2. Äèíàìèêà çàêà÷åê ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèè áþë- çàðóáåæíûõ àâòîðîâ, îñîáåííî èç Àìåðèêè, ìíîãèì èç êîòîðûõ ëåòåíÿ «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ïî ãîäàì ìû, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, âûíóæäåíû îòêàçûâàòü â ïóáëèêàöèè ìàòåðèà- Fig. 2. Loadings of the on-line Newsletter «Raptors Con- ëîâ, òàê êàê èõ ðàáîòû íå èìåþò îòíîøåíèÿ ê òåððèòîðèè Åâðà- servation» in different years çèè. Ëèøü â èñêëþ÷èòåëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû ñòàòüè ïî òåððèòîðèè Àìåðèêè, òàê êàê îíè èìåëè ïðÿìîå îòíîøåíèå ê îõðàíå ïòèö, êîòîðàÿ íå èìååò ãðàíèö, è òàêîé îïûò ìîæåò áûòü ïîëåçåí íà ëþáîì êîíòèíåíòå. Î÷åíü ÷àñòî ÷ëåíàì ðåäêîëëåãèè çàäà¸òñÿ âîïðîñ: ìîæíî ëè â âàøåì æóðíàëå îïóáëèêîâàòü òó èëè èíóþ ñòàòüþ? Èç ÷åãî ìû äåëàåì âûâîä, ÷òî äî ñèõ ïîð â øèðîêèõ ñëîÿõ îðíèòîëîãîâ áûâ- øåãî ÑÑÑÐ æóðíàë âîñïðèíèìàåòñÿ íå íåçàâèñèìûì èçäàíèåì, à îòðàæàþùåì ìíåíèå è íàó÷íûé ïîäõîä óçêîãî êðóãà ñïåöèàëèñ- òîâ. Ìû åù¸ ðàç àêöåíòèðóåì âíèìàíèå íà òîì, ÷òî ìû çàèíòå- ðåñîâàíû â áîëåå øèðîêîì îõâàòå òåððèòîðèè è âèäîâ, à òàêæå è èíûõ òî÷åê çðåíèÿ, òàê êàê ýòî ñäåëàåò æóðíàë áîëåå èíòåðåñ- íûì è âîñòðåáîâàííûì. Ìû áëàãîäàðèì âñåõ êîëëåã, êîòîðûå ïèøóò ñòàòüè, àíîíñû, îñóùåñòâëÿþò ïåðåâîä, âñåñòîðîííå áåñêîðûñòíî ïîìîãàþò â èçäàíèè æóðíàëà, è áóäåì ðàäû ëþáîé ïîìîùè. Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí è Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî Events Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 5
Events СОБЫТИЯ
Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåí- World Owl Conference held in Gronin- öèÿ ïî ñîâàì áûëà ïðîâåäå- gen, the Netherlands from 31 October íà â Ãðîíèíãåíå (Íèäåðëàí- through 4 November 2007. äû) 31 îêòÿáðÿ – 4 íîÿáðÿ More than a hundred of ornithologists 2007 ã. from more than 30 states mainly European  êîíôåðåíöèè ïðèíÿëè participated in the conference. ó÷àñòèå áîëåå ñòà ñïåöèàëèñ- Following oral presentations and posters of òîâ áîëåå ÷åì èç 30 ñòðàí Russian researchers were in the conference: ìèðà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî åâ- 1. Diversity of habitat occupancies and ðîïåéñêèõ. trophic relationships of the Eagle Owl in Ðîññèéñêèìè ñïåöèàëèñòà- steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert eco- ìè íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëè systems of Central Siberia. E.V. Ekimov and ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñëåäóþùèå äîê- A.A. Safonov. [email protected] ëàäû è ïîñòåðû: 2. Reaction of snowy owl (Nyctea scandi- 1. Ðàçíîîáðàçèå çàíÿòûõ aca L.) population on lemming number fluc- ìåñòîîáèòàíèé è òðîôè÷åñ- tuations on Wrangel Island under global cli- êèå âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿ ôèëè- matic changes. I.E. Menyushina. V.N.Ira íà â ñòåïíûõ, ëåñîñòåïíûõ è @mail.ru Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus). ïîëóïóñòûííûõ ýêîñèñòåìàõ Öåíòðàëüíîé 3. Owls of Northern Eurasia: present sta- Ôîòî E. Êîðøóíîâà Ñèáèðè. Å.Â. Åêèìîâ, A.A. Ñàôîíîâ. tus and population trends. S.V. Volkov and Long-eared Owl (Asio [email protected] A.V. Sharikov. [email protected] otus). Photo by E. Korsh- hunov 2. Ðåàêöèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áåëîé ñîâû (Nyctea 4. Habitat selection of Short-eared owl scandiaca L.) íà ôëóêòóàöèè ÷èñëåííîñòè (Asio flammeus) in agricultural landscape. ëåììèíãîâ íà î-âå Âðàíãåëÿ ïîä âëèÿíèåì S.V. Volkov and T.V. Sviridova. owl_bird ãëîáàëüíûõ êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ èçìåíåíèé. È.E. @mail.ru Ìåíþøèíà. [email protected] 5. Ecology and number of Long-eared 3. Ñîâû Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè: ñîâðåìåííûé owls (Asio otus L.) in urban parks in the Tula ñòàòóñ è ïîïóëÿöèîííûå òðåíäû. Ñ.Â. Âîë- region (central Russia). O.V. Brigadirova. êîâ, À.Â. Øàðèêîâ. [email protected] [email protected] 4. Âûáîð ìåñòîîáèòàíèé áîëîòíîé ñîâîé 6. The formation of aggregated settle- (Asio flammeus) â ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîì ments as one of the demonstration synan- (1) Contact: ëàíäøàôòå. Ñ.Â. Âîëêîâ, Ò.Â. Ñâèðèäîâà. thropization of the Long-eared owl (Asio Johan de Jong. [email protected] otus L.). A.V. Sharikov, S.V. Volkov, M.N. Chairman 5. Ýêîëîãèÿ è ÷èñëåííîñòü óøàñòîé ñîâû Ivanov, V.B. Basova. [email protected], Lipomwijk 2 9247 CH Ureterp (Asio otus L.) â ãîðîäñêèõ ïàðêàõ Òóëüñêîé [email protected], [email protected] The Netherlands îáëàñòè (Öåíòðàëüíàÿ Ðîññèÿ). Î.Â. Áðè- Abstracts are available on website of the jdejong@ ãàäèðîâà. [email protected] conference1. Contact (1). worldowlconference.com 6. Ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ àãðåãèðîâàííûõ ïî- David Johnson ñåëåíèé, êàê îäíî èç äåìîíñòðàöèé ñè- II World Conference «Zoological Research Editor in Chief íàíòðîïèçàöèè óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus L.). in regions of Russia and contiguous terri- 6504 Carriage Drive À.Â. Øàðèêîâ, Ñ.Â. Âîëêîâ, Ì.Í. Èâàíîâ, tories » held in N. Novgorod (Russia) on Alexandria, Virginia Â.Á. Áàñîâà. [email protected], owl_bird 15–16 November 2007. The conference 22310 USA @mail.ru, [email protected] was organized by the State Pedagogical dhjohnson@ Àáñòðàêòû äîñòóïíû äëÿ ñêà÷èâàíèÿ íà University. worldowlconference.com ñàéòå êîíôåðåíöèè1. Êîíòàêò (1). Following papers about raptors were in proceedings of the conference: II Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ «Çîî- 1. Ectoparasites on chicks of birds of prey ëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðåãèîíîâ in the Tuva Republic. G.A. Fadeeva, M.V. Ðîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé» Mokrousov, I.V. Karyakin. [email protected], ïðîøëà 15–16 íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â ã. Íèæ- [email protected] 2. Modern status of Peregrine Falcon and 1 http://worldowlconference.com/index.php?page=downloadFile&fid=29 Red-breasted Goose populations in the cent- 6 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Ñîáûòèÿ
(2) Êîíòàêò: íèé Íîâãîðîä (Ðîññèÿ) íà áàçå Íèæå- er and north border of their breeding rang- Äìèòðèåâ À.È. ãîðîäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïåäàãîãè- es in the Taimyr Peninsula. S.P. Kharitonov, Íèæåãîðîäñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Ya.I. Kokorev, D.J. Nowak, A.I. Nowak, D.V. ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèé Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû Osipov, O.V. Natalskaya, N.A. Egorova, S.A. óíèâåðñèòåò äîêëàäû, êàñàþùèåñÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö: Korkina. [email protected], [email protected] 603950 Ðîññèÿ 1. Ýêòîïàðàçèòû ïòåíöîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö Í.Íîâãîðîä óë. Óëüÿíîâà, 1 Òóâû. Ã.À. Ôàäååâà, Ì.Â. Ìîêðîóñîâ, È.Â. Dmitriev–[email protected] Êàðÿêèí. [email protected], ikar_research @mail.ru (2) Contact: 2. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé Prof. Dmitriev A.I. State Pedagogical ñàïñàíà è êðàñíîçîáîé êàçàðêè â öåíòðå University è íà ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöå Òàéìûðñêîé ÷àñòè Ulyanova str., 1 àðåàëà îáîèõ âèäîâ. Ñ.Ï. Õàðèòîíîâ, ß.È. N.Novgorod Russia Êîêîðåâ, D.J. Nowak, A.I. Nowak, Ä.Â. Îñè- 603950 Dmitriev–[email protected] ïîâ, Î.Â. Íàòàëüñêàÿ, Í.À. Åãîðîâà, Ñ.À. Êîðêèíà. [email protected], [email protected]
Ðàáî÷àÿ âñòðå÷à ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãà- Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug). Ôîòî À. Ëåâèíà íèçàöèé Ðîññèè, Êàçàõñòàíà è Ìîíãîëèè Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Photo by A. Levin ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ, Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ è Íàó÷íûõ The Consultative Meeting of NGOs of Rus- îðãàíîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ ýòèõ ñòðàí «Ðàçâèòèå sia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia and customs ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðåà- officers and CITES Management and Sci- ëèçàöèè êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ â Àëòàå-Ñà- entific Authorities of countries – partici- (3) Êîíòàêò: ÿíñêîì ýêîðåãèîíå» ñîñòîÿëàñü 2–6 äå- pants of the meeting about the problem of Èëüÿ Ñìåëÿíñêèé êàáðÿ 2007 ã. â ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêå (Ðîññèÿ). illegal trade in wildlife «Development of in- Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé Âñòðå÷à áûëà îðãàíèçîâàíà ÌÁÎÎ ternational cooperation in realization of ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð», ÏÐÎ- CITES in Altai-Sayan Ecoregion» held in Ðîññèÿ 630090 ÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â Novosibirsk (Russia) on 2–6 December 2007. Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðå- The meeting was organized by the NGO Si- òåë./ôàêñ: +7 (383) 363 00 59 ãèîíà» è «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â berian Environmental Center, Project of UNDP/ [email protected] êàçàõñòàíñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêî- GEF «Biodiversity Conservation in the Russian [email protected] ðåãèîíà», Àññîöèàöèåé ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèî- Part of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion» and «Biodi- ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëüñêèì versity Conservation in the Kazakhstan Part of (3) Contact: Ilya Smlansky ïðîãðàììíûì îôèñîì Âñåìèðíîãî ôîí- the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion», Association for the Elvira Nikolenko äà äèêîé ïðèðîäû (WWF Ìîíãîëèè). Conservation of Biodiversity in Kazakhstan, NGO Siberian Îò êàæäîé ñòîðîíû íà âñòðå÷å áûëè WWF Mongolia Programme Office. Environmental Center ïðåäñòàâëåíû äîêëàäû ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé òà- The reports of customs authorities of all P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk ìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ, àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ è states-participants of the meeting, CITES 630090 Russia íàó÷íûõ îðãàíîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ î òðàíñãðàíè÷íîì Management and Scientific Authorities on tel./fax: îáîðîòå îáúåêòîâ ôëîðû è ôàóíû è ðåà- tansboundary trade in endangered species +7 (383) 363 00 59 ëèçàöèè êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ. Òàêæå áûëè of wild flora and fauna and realizing CITES [email protected] [email protected] ñäåëàíû äîêëàäû ýêñïåðòîâ î ñîñòîÿíèè âè- were presented. Also reports of experts äîâ, âîâëå÷¸ííûõ â íåëåãàëüíûé òðàíñãðà- about population conditions of species in- íè÷íûé îáîðîò â ãðàíèöàõ Àëàòå-Ñàÿíñêî- volved in the illegal transboundary trade in ãî ðåãèîíà. Äîêëàäû î ñèòóàöèè ñ the territory of the Altai-Sayan region were áàëîáàíîì (Falco cherrug) ïðåäñòàâèëè: îò sounded. Oral presentations about status of Ðîññèè – È.Â. Êàðÿêèí2, îò Êàçàõñòàíà – the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) were from À.Ñ. Ëåâèí3 è îò Ìîíãîëèè – Ñóõ÷óëóóí Ã.4 Russia – I.V. Karyakin2, Kazakhstan – A.S. Ïîëíûå ñòàòüè äîêëàäîâ áóäóò îïóáëèêî- Levin3 and Mongolia – Suhchulun G.4 âàíû â 12 íîìåðå æóðíàëà «Ïåðíàòûå The reports will be published in Raptors õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà». Conservation ¹ 12. Îáðàùåíèå òð¸õñòîðîííåé ðàáî÷åé The resolution of the meeting has been âñòðå÷è îïóáëèêîâàíî íà ñòð. 7. Êîíòàêò (3). published on page 7. Contact (3).
2 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/publicat/falco_che/Saker_in_Russia_2007.pdf 3 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/publicat/falco_che/Saker_in_Kazakhstan_2007.pdf 4 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/publicat/falco_che/Saker_in_Mongolia_2007.pdf Events Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 7
The Consultative Meeting of NGOs of Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia and Customs Officers and CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of Countries – Participants of the Meeting about the Problem of Illegal Trade in Wildlife «Development of Iinternational Cooperation in Realization of CITES in Altai-Sayan Ecoregion». Resolution. 5 December 2007, Novosibirsk, Russia РАБОЧАЯВСТРЕЧАПРИРОДООХРАННЫХОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ РОССИИ,КАЗАХСТАНАИМОНГОЛИИСУЧАСТИЕМ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙТАМОЖЕННЫХОРГАНОВ, АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХИНАУЧНЫХОРГАНОВСИТЕСЭТИХ СТРАН«РАЗВИТИЕМЕЖДУНАРОДНОГОСОТРУДНИЧЕСТВАВ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИКОНВЕНЦИИСИТЕСВАЛТАЕ-САЯНСКОМ ЭКОРЕГИОНЕ». РЕЗОЛЮЦИЯ.5ДЕКАБРЯ2007,НОВОСИБИРСК,РОССИЯ
Ó÷àñòíèêè âñòðå÷è, Participants of the Meeting, ÎÒÌÅ×Àß íåîáõîäèìîñòü ñîõðàíåíèÿ ãëîáàëüíî NOTING the necessity of conservation of globally çíà÷èìîãî áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðå- important biodiversity of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion in ãèîíà â ïðåäåëàõ Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, ÑÎÇÍÀÂÀß îñîáóþ ðîëü òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ â CONSCIOUS the special role of customs in counter- ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèè íåçàêîííîìó òðàíñãðàíè÷íîìó îáî- action to an illegal transboundary trade in endangered ðîòó óãðîæàåìûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé, species of wild flora and fauna, ÏÐÈÍÈÌÀß âî âíèìàíèå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü ñîòðóä- CONSIDERING the high level of cooperation between íè÷åñòâà ìåæäó òàìîæåííûìè îðãàíàìè íàøèõ ñòðàí, customs of oKazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, ÐÅÀËÈÇÓß äîãîâîðåííîñòè, ðàíåå äîñòèãíóòûå íà REALIZING the arrangements earlier reached at the óðîâíÿõ ãëàâ ãîñóäàðñòâ, ïðàâèòåëüñòâ è ðóêîâîäèòåëåé level of presidents, governments and heads of customs òàìîæåííûõ ñëóæá Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè, services of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, ÇÀÑËÓØÀ ïðåäñòàâëåííûå äîêëàäû è îáìåíÿâøèñü DISCUSSING the presented reports, ìíåíèÿìè, OFFER to the governmental authorities of the coun- ÎÁÐÀÒÈËÈÑÜ ê óïîëíîìî÷åííûì ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì tries with following recommendations: îðãàíàì ñòðàí ñî ñëåäóþùèìè ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè è ïðåäëîæåíèÿìè: In sphere of the international organization for coop- â ñôåðå îáùåé îðãàíèçàöèè ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà è eration and coordination between customs bodies êîîðäèíàöèè ìåæäó òàìîæåííûìè îðãàíàìè – include the question about the control to mainte- – âêëþ÷àòü âîïðîñ êîíòðîëÿ ñîáëþäåíèÿ òðåáîâà- nance of CITES recommendations and the national leg- íèé ÑÈÒÅÑ è íàöèîíàëüíîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà îá îñî- islation on special protection of some species (listed in áîé îõðàíå îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ (âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíûå Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and Russia, in the List of êíèãè Êàçàõñòàíà è Ðîññèè, â Ñïèñîê îñîáî îõðàíÿå- especially protected species of Mongolia) in the agen- ìûõ âèäîâ Ìîíãîëèè) â ïîâåñòêó äíÿ âñòðå÷ è ñîâìå- da of following meetings and joint plans on interac- ñòíûõ ïëàíîâ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ òàìîæåííûõ ñëóæá Êà- tions between customs of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and çàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè; Russia; – ðåøèòü âîïðîñ îáìåíà èíôîðìàöèåé ìåæäó òåð- – solve the problem of information exchange between ðèòîðèàëüíûìè ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿìè òàìîæåííûõ ñëóæá local departments of customs of adjacent regions of ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè è Êàçàõñòàíà, Ðîññèè Russia and Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia, and also è Ìîíãîëèè, à òàêæå ìåæäó öåíòðàëüíûìè îðãàíàìè between the central bodies of customs services of Mon- òàìîæåííûõ ñëóæá Ìîíãîëèè è Êàçàõñòàíà; golia and Kazakhstan; – ïðîðàáîòàòü âîïðîñ î ïîäãîòîâêå è îòêðûòîé ïóá- – prepare to publish the summary of annual reports ëèêàöèè åæåãîäíûõ äîêëàäîâ (ñâîäîê) òàìîæåííûõ of Kazakh, Mongolian and Russian customs about de- ñëóæá Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè î çàäåðæàíè- tentions of species listed in CITES Appendixes and oth- ÿõ îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ è èíîé ðàáîòå, ñâÿçàííîé ñ ðåà- er activities regarding realization of CITES requirements 8 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Ñîáûòèÿ
ëèçàöèåé òðåáîâàíèé ÑÈÒÅÑ è íàöèîíàëüíîãî çàêî- and the national legislation on special protection of íîäàòåëüñòâà îá îñîáîé îõðàíå îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ; some species; – èñïîëüçîâàòü âîçìîæíîñòè íåïðàâèòåëüñòâåííûõ - use opportunities of the nongovernmental nature ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé ñòðàí äëÿ îáìåíà protection organizations of the countries for informa- èíôîðìàöèåé ìåæäó òàìîæåííûìè è ïðèðîäîîõðàí- tion exchange between customs and nature protection íûìè ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè îðãàíàìè; state bodies; â ñôåðå îïåðàòèâíîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ òàìî- æåííûõ ñëóæá In sphere of operative interaction of customs – îðãàíèçîâàòü íåîáõîäèìîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæ- – organize interaction between local bodies of cus- äó òåððèòîðèàëüíûìè îðãàíàìè òàìîæåííûõ ñëóæá toms of adjacent regions of the countries with the pur- ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíîâ íàøèõ ñòðàí ñ öåëüþ ïðåñå- pose of prevention of contraband of species listed in ÷åíèÿ êîíòðàáàíäû îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ; CITES Appendixes; – îïðåäåëèòü ñïèñêè êîíòàêòíûõ ëèö â òàìîæåííûõ – determine lists of persons who should responsible îðãàíàõ Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè äëÿ âçàèìî- for interaction on CITES problems between customs of äåéñòâèÿ ïî ïðîáëåìå ÑÈÒÅÑ; Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia; â ñôåðå ìåæâåäîìñòâåííîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ âíóòðè ñòðàí In sphere of interdepartmental interaction inside – âûðàáîòàòü ïðîöåäóðó âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ìåæäó òà- the countries ìîæåííûìè îðãàíàìè ñòðàí, íàöèîíàëüíûìè Àäìè- – develop the protocol of interaction between cus- íèñòðàòèâíûìè è Íàó÷íûìè îðãàíàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ ñ öåëüþ toms bodies of the countries, national CITES Manage- îïåðàòèâíîãî èíôîðìèðîâàíèÿ î ñëó÷àÿõ ïåðåìåùå- ment and Scientific Authorities for operative informing íèÿ îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ, à òàêæå îáúåêòîâ, ïîäïàäàþùèõ about the cases of moving of species listed in CITES ïîä äåéñòâèå çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà î íàöèîíàëüíûõ Êðàñ- Appendixes, in national Red Data Books, as well as íûõ êíèãàõ, ðàâíî êàê îáî âñåõ ñòàâøèõ èçâåñòíûìè about all known cases of illegal moving of such spe- ñëó÷àÿõ íåçàêîííîãî ïåðåìåùåíèÿ òàêèõ îáúåêòîâ; cies; – â ÷àñòíîñòè, Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîìó îðãàíó ÑÈÒÅÑ – in particular, to CITES Management Authorities of Ðîññèè îáðàòèòüñÿ â ÔÒÑ Ðîññèè ñ ïðîñüáîé î ðåãó- Russia to address in the Federal Customs Service of ëÿðíîì ïðåäîñòàâëåíèè èíôîðìàöèè î ïåðåìåùåíèè Russia asking the regular reports about known cases of ÷åðåç òàìîæåííóþ ãðàíèöó îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ; cross-border moving of species listed in CITES Appen- – íàöèîíàëüíûì Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûì îðãàíàì ÑÈÒÅÑ dixes; ðàçðàáîòàòü è îôèöèàëüíî ïåðåäàòü â òàìîæåííûå îðãà- – to national CITES Management Authorities under- íû ñòðàí ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå ïî ðàáîòå ñ ðàçðåøè- taking of the customs control of moving of species list- òåëüíûìè äîêóìåíòàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè òàìîæåí- ed in CITES Appendixes to develop and officially direct íîãî êîíòðîëÿ çà ïåðåìåùåíèåì îáðàçöîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ; the manuals on activities with CITES permissions to â ñôåðå èíôîðìàöèîííîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ äåÿ- customs of the countries; òåëüíîñòè ó÷àñòíèêè ðàáî÷åé âñòðå÷è ñ÷èòàþò íå- îáõîäèìûì In sphere of informational supply of activity par- – îäîáðèòü ïðîãðàììû Ñèáýêîöåíòðà, ïðîåêòà Ïðî- ticipants of the Consultative Meeting stressed the ãðàììû ðàçâèòèÿ ÎÎÍ è Ãëîáàëüíîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî need ôîíäà «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â ðîññèéñêîé – to approve programs of the Siberian Environmen- ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà», WWF Ðîññèè è tal Center, Project of UNDP/GEF «Biodiversity Con- WWF Ìîíãîëèè ïî èíôîðìàöèîííîé ïîääåðæêå âû- servation in the Russian part of the Altai-Sayan Ecore- ïîëíåíèÿ òðåáîâàíèé ÑÈÒÅÑ òàìîæåííûìè îðãàíà- gion», WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia on ìè ñâîèõ ñòðàí è ðåêîìåíäîâàòü ïðîäîëæèòü ýòè ïðî- informational supporting implementation of CITES by ãðàììû; customs of the countries and to recommend to con- – ðàçâèâàòü àíàëîãè÷íûå ïðîãðàììû ïî èíôîðìà- tinue these programs; öèîííîé ïîääåðæêå òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ Ðåñïóáëè- – to develop similar programs on informational sup- êè Êàçàõñòàí ïî âîïðîñó âûïîëíåíèÿ ÑÈÒÅÑ; port of customs of the Republic of Kazakhstan concern- – ñîñòàâèòü ñïèñîê ðåêîìåíäóåìûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ing implementation of CITES ; (êîíñóëüòàíòîâ) â îáëàñòè èäåíòèôèêàöèè îáúåêòîâ – to establish the list of recommended experts (con- ÑÈÒÅÑ è ïåðåäàòü åãî òàìîæåííûì îðãàíàì Êàçàõ- sultants) for identification of species listed in CITES Ap- ñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè; pendixes and to direct it to customs of Kazakhstan, – Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûì îðãàíàì ÑÈÒÅÑ ðàçðàáîòàòü è Mongolia and Russia; ïåðåäàòü òàìîæåííûì îðãàíàì ñâîèõ ñòðàí ñïðàâî÷- – to CITES Management Authorities to develop and íèêè ïî öåíàì íà îáúåêòû ÑÈÒÅÑ; direct the guide on the prices for species listed in CITES – îñóùåñòâèòü ïåðåâîä íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå ÿçûêè Appendixes to customs of the countries; Ðîññèè, Êàçàõñòàíà è Ìîíãîëèè íàöèîíàëüíûõ íîð- – to translate on state languages of Russia, Kazakhstan ìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ ýòèõ ñòðàí, ðåãóëèðóþùèõ and Mongolia the national laws of these countries reg- îáîðîò îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ; ulating the trade in species listed in CITES Appendices; Events Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 9
– ðåêîìåíäîâàòü ïðîåêòó ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñîõðàíå- – to recommend to Project of UNDP/GEF «Biodiver- íèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â êàçàõñòàíñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå- sity Conservation in the Kazakh part of the Altai-Say- Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà» ïîääåðæàòü ïðîâåäåíèå ñëå- an Ecoregion» the supporting of organization of the äóþùåé òð¸õñòîðîííåé ðàáî÷åé âñòðå÷è ïî ïðîáëåìå next consultative meeting on the problem of illegal íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà îáúåêòîâ ôëîðû è ôàóíû ñ ó÷à- trade in species of wild flora and fauna listed in CITES ñòèåì ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ, Àäìèíè- Appendixes with participation of representatives of ñòðàòèâíûõ è Íàó÷íûõ îðãàíîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ Ðîññèè, Êàçàõ- customs, CITES Management and Scientific Authori- ñòàíà è Ìîíãîëèè «Ðàçâèòèå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ties of Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia «Develop- ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðåàëèçàöèè êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ â Àë- ment of international cooperation in realization of òàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ýêîðåãèîíå» â 2009 ã. â Êàçàõñòàíå; CITES in Altai-Sayan Ecoregion» in Kazakhstan in – ïðîñèòü ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå òàìîæåííûå è ïðèðî- 2009; äîîõðàííûå îðãàíû Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè – to ask customs and nature protection bodies of Ka- ñîäåéñòâîâàòü ïðîâåäåíèþ ñëåäóþùåé ðàáî÷åé âñòðå- zakhstan, Mongolia and to Russia to promote organi- ÷è «Ðàçâèòèå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðåà- zation of the next Consultative Meeting «Development ëèçàöèè êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ýêîðå- of international cooperation in realization of CITES in ãèîíå»; Altai-Sayan Ecoregion»; – ïðèãëàñèòü íà ñëåäóþùóþ ðàáî÷óþ âñòðå÷ó «Ðàç- – to invite representatives boundary services of Ka- âèòèå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðåàëèçàöèè zakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, and also experts con- êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ýêîðåãèîíå» cerning CITES from the main countries importing the ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ïîãðàíè÷íûõ ñëóæá Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîí- species listed in CITES Appendixes exported from Al- ãîëèè è Ðîññèè, à òàêæå ýêñïåðòîâ ïî âîïðîñàì ÑÈ- tai-Sayan Ecoregion of to the next Consultative Meet- ÒÅÑ èç îñíîâíûõ ñòðàí ââîçà îáúåêòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ, ýêñ- ing «Development of international cooperation in real- ïîðòèðóåìûõ èç Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà. ization of CITES in Altai-Sayan Ecoregion».
Ó÷èòûâàÿ îñòðîòó ïðîáëåìû íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà Considering the importance of the problem of illegal ðÿäà âèäîâ ñîêîëîâ (áàëîáàí Falco cherrug, êðå÷åò trade in some species of falcons (Saker Falcon Falco Falco rusticolus, ñàïñàí Falco peregrinus), âíåñ¸ííûõ â cherrug, Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus, Peregrine Falcon ïðèëîæåíèÿ ÑÈÒÅÑ è íàöèîíàëüíûå Êðàñíûå êíèãè è Falco peregrinus), listed in CITES Appendices and na- ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ îáúåêòàìè òðàíñãðàíè÷íîãî îáîðîòà, ó÷à- tional Red Data Books and being the objects of a trans- ñòíèêè Ðàáî÷åé âñòðå÷è òàêæå ïðîñÿò ïðèðîäîîõðàí- boundary trade participants of the Consultative Meet- íûå îðãàíû Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëèè è Ðîññèè ïðåäïðè- ing also ask the nature protection bodies of íÿòü ñëåäóþùèé êîìïëåêñ ìåð, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia to undertake fol- óðåãóëèðîâàíèå ñîäåðæàíèÿ ýòèõ âèäîâ â íåâîëå: lowing measures directed on regulation of keeping – óòâåðäèòü ïîðÿäîê åäèíîîáðàçíîãî è îáÿçàòåëü- these species in captivity: íîãî ìå÷åíèÿ ñîêîëîâ, ðàçâîäèìûõ â ïèòîìíèêàõ; – to confirm the harmonized approach the marking – ââåñòè îáÿçàòåëüíóþ ïàñïîðòèçàöèþ îñîáåé, âû- of captive-breeding falcons; ðàùåííûõ â ïèòîìíèêàõ è íàõîäÿùèõñÿ íà ðóêàõ ó – to establish obligatory passwords for falcons bred ñîêîëüíèêîâ, óòâåðäèòü ôîðìû ïàñïîðòîâ è ïîðÿäîê in captivity and kept by falconers for falconry, to estab- ïàñïîðòèçàöèè ïòèö; lish the forms of passwords and the order of bird certi- – èñêëþ÷èòü âîçìîæíîñòü îáîðîòà ñîêîëîâ, íå èìå- fications; þùèõ óòâåðæäåííûõ ìåòîê è ïàñïîðòîâ, âíå çàâèñè- – to exclude an opportunity of trade in falcons with- ìîñòè îò íàëè÷èÿ èíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ î ëåãàëüíîñòè èõ out established passwords and marks, in spite of the ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ; presence of other documents confirmed their legality; – îïðåäåëèòü ïåðèîä ââåäåíèÿ ïàñïîðòèçàöèè è ïî- – to determine the period of implementation of certi- ðÿäîê ëåãàëèçàöèè èìåþùåãîñÿ íà ðóêàõ è â ïèòîì- fication and the order of legalization of captive-breed- íèêàõ ïîãîëîâüÿ. ing birds.
Ó÷àñòíèêè ðàáî÷åé âñòðå÷è âûðàæàþò ïðèçíàòåëü- Participants of the Consultative Meeting express íîñòü îðãàíèçàòîðàì – ÌÁÎÎ Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñ- gratitude to organizers – NGO the Siberian Environ- êèé öåíòð (Íîâîñèáèðñê), ïðîåêòàì ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñî- mental Center (Novosibirsk), Projects of UNDP/GEF õðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè «Biodiversity Conservation in the Russian part of the Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà» è «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàç- Altai-Sayan Ecoregion» and «Biodiversity Conserva- íîîáðàçèÿ â êàçàõñòàíñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêî- tion in the Kazakhstan part of the Altai-Sayan Ecore- ðåãèîíà», Àññîöèàöèè ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ gion», Associations of Biodiversity Conservation in Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîíãîëüñêîìó ïðîãðàììíîìó îôèñó Âñå- Kazakhstan, the Mongolian program office of WWF ìèðíîãî ôîíäà äèêîé ïðèðîäû (WWF Ìîíãîëèè) – çà Mongolia – for organizing and holding the Consulta- ïðîäåëàííóþ èìè ðàáîòó ïî ïîäãîòîâêå è ïðîâåäå- tive Meeting. íèþ ðàáî÷åé âñòðå÷è. 10 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
Raptors Conservation ОХРАНАПЕРНАТЫХХИЩНИКОВ
Short Review of Techniques for Preventing Electrocution of Birds on Overhead Power Lines КРАТКИЙОБЗОРМЕТОДОВЗАЩИТЫПТИЦОТПОРАЖЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМТОКОМНАЛИНИЯХЭЛЕКТРОПЕРЕДАЧИ Matsina A.I. (Laboratory of Ornithology of Ecological Center «Dront», N.Novgorod, Russia) Мацына А.И. (Орнитолоичесая лаборатория Эоцентра «Дронт», Н.Новород, Россия)
Êîíòàêò: Íåîáõîäèìîñòü êðèòè÷åñêîãî îáçîðà ñî- The critical review of modern techniques for Àëåêñàíäð Ìàöûíà âðåìåííûõ ìåòîäîâ çàùèòû ïòèö íà âîç- preventing electrocution of birds on over- Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ëàáî- ðàòîðèÿ Ýêîöåíòðà äóøíûõ ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ÂË) head power lines (PL) is necessary by sev- «Äðîíò» îáóñëîâëåíà íåñêîëüêèìè ïðè÷èíàìè. Íå- eral reasons. Study of the problem of raptor 603000 Ðîññèÿ ñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èçó÷åíèå äàííîãî âîï- electrocution has continued already more Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä ðîñà (ñíà÷àëà â ÑÑÑÐ, à ïîçæå â ñòðàíàõ than 25 years, unfortunately significant suc- à/ÿ 631 Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò» ÑÍÃ) ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ óæå áîëåå ÷åòâåðòè cess has not achieved. The most part of used òåë.: +7 (831) 434 46 79 âåêà, çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ óñïåõîâ PL 6–10 kV poses high risk to birds. Many [email protected] â ýòîé îáëàñòè íå äîñòèãíóòî. Ïîäàâëÿþ- birds are killed from electrocution in the re- ùåå áîëüøèíñòâî ýêñïëóàòèðóåìûõ ÂË 6– gions, where such PL are already in use, eve- Contact: Alexander Matsina 10 ê (ïðåæäå âñåãî íà æ/á îïîðàõ ñî ry year (Pererva, Blohin, 1981; Zvonov, Laboratory of øòûð¸âûìè èçîëÿòîðàìè) ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïòèöå- Krivonosov, 1981; Abdulnazarov, 1987; Ornithology of Ecological îïàñíûìè è åæåãîäíî íàíîñÿò êîëîññàëü- Starikov, 1996/1997; Karyakin et al., 2005; Center «Dront» íûé âðåä îðíèòîôàóíå âñåõ ðåãèîíîâ, íà Karyakin, Barabashin, 2005; Karyakin, No- P.O. Box 631 Nizhniy Novgorod òåððèòîðèè êîòîðûõ îíè ðàñïîëîæåíû vikova, 2006; Matsina, 2005; 2006). Active 603000 Russia (Ïåðåðâà, Áëîõèí, 1981; Çâîíîâ, Êðèâî- development of oil and gas industries in the tel.: +7 (831) 434 46 79 íîñîâ, 1981; Àáäóíàçàðîâ, 1987; Ñòàðè- South of Russia, in Kazakhstan and the coun- [email protected] êîâ, 1996/1997; Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005; Êà- tries of Middle Asia during last decade pro- ðÿêèí, Áàðàáàøèí, 2005; Êàðÿêèí, motes power lines to increase in number Íîâèêîâà, 2006; Ìàöûíà, 2005; 2006). and area covered. It is essential in those re- Òåíäåíöèÿ àêòèâíîãî îñâîåíèÿ íåôòåãàçî- gions where the routes of migratory birds specifically are concentrated. PL pose the highest risk for raptors because their behav- ior peculiarities. The most techniques to reduce incidents of raptor electrocution were modifying the top of electric poles of PL 6–10 kV (Saltyk- ov, 1999). However many techniques were not effective but some of them were even dangerous (fig. 1–4). Erecting metal bars (fig. 1–2) on electric poles are prohibited in Russia and should be dismantled but it has not realized in many cases. The most effective techniques intended to prevent the electrocution of birds is PVC insulator hoods (fig. 5) or isolated tubing. Ðèñ. 1. Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ îïîðà ËÝÏ ñ çàãðàäèòåëüíûìè óñàìè – À. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Now electric utility companies have begun Fig. 1. Electric pole potentially lethal to birds equipped with metal bars to use the first Russian construction of insu- – A. Photo by I. Karyakin lator hood (fig. 5). Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 11
âîãî êîìïëåêñà Þãà Ðîññèè, çàçåìë¸ííûìè ÷àñòÿìè îïîðû – òðàâåðñà, Êàçàõñòàíà è ñòðàí Ñðåäíåé øòûðè èçîëÿòîðîâ è ïð.). Èõ ïðèìåíåíèå Àçèè â ïîñëåäíåå äåñÿòèëå- ïðèâåëî ê îáðàòíîìó ýôôåêòó – ïî ñóòè, òèå ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîñòîÿííî- îíè óâåëè÷èâàþò ÷àñòîòó çàìûêàíèé è ãè- ìó ðîñòó ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ÂË áåëü ïòèö.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ çàêîíîäà- â îáëàñòè ìèãðàöèè ìíîãèõ òåëüíî çàïðåùåíû (ï. 34. Òðåáîâàíèé…, âèäîâ ïòèö. Íàèáîëüøàÿ 1996). Îäíàêî äåìîíòàæ ðàíåå óñòàíîâ- îïàñíîñòü óãðîæàåò õèùíûì ëåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ íà ìíîãèõ ëèíèÿõ íå âû- ïòèöàì, ýêîëîãè÷åñêè òÿãîòå- ïîëíåí (ðèñ. 1).  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ óñòàíîâêà þùèì ê ëèíèÿì ýëåêòðîïåðå- çàãðàäèòåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ è äà÷ ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ. Ïðè â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ, îñîáåííî â Êàçàõñòà- ýòîì ïîä óãðîçîé îêàçûâàþò- íå (ðèñ. 2). ñÿ íå òîëüêî ìåñòíûå ïîïó- 2. Óñòàíîâêà îòâëåêàþùèõ ïðèñàä íà ëÿöèè, íî è áîëüøèíñòâî ïå- îïîðàõ ÂË. Íåñìîòðÿ íà íåêîòîðûé ïîëî- ðåë¸òíûõ ïòèö. Òåì ñàìûì æèòåëüíûé ýôôåêò, â öåëîì íå îáåñïå÷è- îáùàÿ «îáëàñòü ïîðàæåíèÿ» âàåò ñóùåñòâåííîãî ñíèæåíèÿ ãèáåëè ïòèö. çíà÷èòåëüíî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ,  ñëó÷àå óòåðè äåðåâÿííîé íàêëàäêè â âåð- îõâàòûâàÿ ñåâåðíûå òåððè- õíåé ÷àñòè ïðèñàäû (â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóà- òîðèè, ëèø¸ííûå ñîáñòâåí- òàöèè) ïåðåõîäÿò â êàòåãîðèþ ïòèöåîïàñ- íîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû ÂË 6– íûõ, êàê è ïðåäûäóùèå çàãðàäèòåëüíûå 10 êÂ. ýëåìåíòû (ðèñ. 3).  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïðî- Ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ïåð- äîëæàþò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â êà÷åñòâå ïòèöå- âûõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî çàùè- çàùèòíûõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïðè ïðîåêòèðî- òå ïòèö îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêò- âàíèè ÂË 6–10 ê ââèäó îòñóòñòâèÿ áîëåå ðè÷åñêèì òîêîì ÂË 6–10 ê ýôôåêòèâíûõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé. Ðèñ. 2. Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ â íà÷àëå 80-õ ãîäîâ XX âåêà, îñíîâíîå êî- 3. Óñòàíîâêà õîëîñòûõ èçîëÿòîðîâ íà îïîðà ËÝÏ ñ îòâëåêàþ- ëè÷åñòâî òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé â ýòîé êîíöàõ ìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ òðàâåðñ. Ýôôåê- ùåé ïðèñàäîé è çàãðàäè- îáëàñòè áûëî ñâÿçàíî ñ âíåñåíèåì èçìå- òèâíîñòü ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòå- òåëüíûìè óñàìè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà íåíèé â êîíñòðóêöèþ îãîëîâêà îïîð ÂË 6– ïåíè âàðüèðóåò â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êîíå÷- Fig. 2. Electric pole poten- 10 ê (Ñàëòûêîâ, 1999). Äàëåå ðàññìàòðè- íîãî âèäà êîíñòðóêöèè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà tially lethal to birds âàþòñÿ òîëüêî òå ðàçðàáîòêè, êîòîðûå áûëè ðåêîìåíäóåìîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå â êà÷åñòâå equipped with metal bars îôèöèàëüíî ðåêîìåíäîâàíû â êà÷åñòâå õîëîñòûõ èçîëÿòîðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ïîäâåñíûõ and perch. Photo by I. ïðîåêòíûõ è ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ âàðèàíòîâ ãèðëÿíä (ñ øèðîêîé «þáêîé»), íà ïðàêòè- Karyakin ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ è ïîëó÷èëè íàè- êå ÷àñòî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ øòûðåâûå èçîëÿòî- áîëüøåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå. ðû ØÔ–20 è ØÔ(ØÑ)–10, ÷òî çíà÷èòåëü- 1. Óñòàíîâêà çàãðàäèòåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ íî ñíèæàåò êîíå÷íûé ýôôåêò. (ìåòàëëè÷åñêèå óñû, øòûðè), ïðåïÿòñòâó- Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñïàðåííûõ õîëîñòûõ èçî- þùèõ ïîñàäêå ïòèö â ðàéîíå èçîëÿòîðîâ. ëÿòîðîâ òàêæå ÷àñòî çàìåíÿåòñÿ íà îäèíàð- Ýòè ðàçðàáîòêè íå ó÷èòûâàþò ìåõàíèçì íûå. Ïðè ýòîì íåîáõîäèìàÿ ñòåïåíü çàùè- ïîðàæåíèÿ ïòèö ïðè êîíòàêòå ñ ËÝÏ (çà- òû íå îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ. Ïî èñòå÷åíèè ìûêàíèå ìåæäó òîêîíåñóùèì ïðîâîäîì è íåêîòîðîãî ïåðèîäà ýêñïëóàòàöèè ïðîèñ- õîäèò óòåðÿ ÷àñòè õîëîñòûõ èçîëÿòîðîâ. Îñòàþùèåñÿ ïðè ýòîì âåðòèêàëüíûå ìåòàë- ëè÷åñêèå øòûðè íà êîíöàõ òðàâåðñ ñíîâà óâåëè÷èâàþò ïòèöåîïàñíîñòü êîíñòðóêöèè (ðèñ. 4). Êðîìå ýòîãî, íàãðîìîæäåíèå äî- ïîëíèòåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ â çîíå ïðîõîæ-
Ðèñ. 3. Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis), ñèäÿùèé íà ÷àñòè÷íî çàùèù¸ííîé îïîðå – îòâëåêàþùàÿ ïðèñàäà ñ äåðåâÿííîé íàêëàäêîé áåçîïàñíà äëÿ ïòèöû, íà òðà- âåðñå äåìîíòèðîâàííû çàãðàäèòåëüíûå óñû, îäíàêî ñàì òðàâåðñ îñòà¸òñÿ îïàñíûì äëÿ ïòèö (ñëåâà); ñòåï- íîé îð¸ë, ñèäÿùèé íà àíàëîãè÷íîé îïîðå, íà êîòî- ðîé äåðåâÿííàÿ íàêëàäêà íà îòâëåêàþùåé ïðèñàäå ðàçðóøèëàñü, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî âñÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ ñòàëà ïòèöåîïàñíîé (ñïðàâà). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Fig. 3. Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) sitting on perch with wood bar (left) and on perch without wood bar (right). The probability of eagle death on the right pho- to is higher. Photos by I. Karyakin 12 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
Ðèñ. 4. Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ ñ 2007 ã. ïòèöåçàùèòíûé êîìïëåêò ÏÇÓ îïîðà ËÝÏ ñ ðàçðóøåí- ÊÏ–1Á (ðèñ. 5). íûìè õîëîñòûìè èçîëÿ- òîðàìè (îñòàëèñü òîëüêî 5. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå èçîëèðîâàííîãî ïðî- ìåòàëëè÷åñêèå øòûðè âîäà (ÑÈÏ–3), ïîêðûòîãî ñïåöèàëüíîé ïî- äëÿ êðåïåæà õîëîñòûõ ëèìåðíîé îáîëî÷êîé, íà íàø âçãëÿä îáåñ- èçîëÿòîðîâ – À). Ôîòî À. ïå÷èâàåò íàèáîëåå íàä¸æíóþ çàùèòó ïòèö Ìàöûíà ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè ÂË 6–10 êÂ. Êðåïëåíèå Fig. 4. Electric pole poten- tially lethal to birds with äàííîãî ïðîâîäà íà øòûðåâûõ èçîëÿòîðàõ destroyed false insulators ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ áåç íàðóøåíèÿ èçîëèðóþùå- – A. Photo by A. Matsina ãî ñëîÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, âîçìîæíîñòü êîí- òàêòà ïòèö ñ òîêîíåñóùåé ÷àñòüþ êîíñòðóê- òèâíî èñêëþ÷åíà (ïðè óñëîâèè ñîáëþäåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèè êðåïëåíèÿ è ñîåäèíåíèÿ äàí- íîãî âèäà ïðîâîäà). Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, â ðÿäå äåíèÿ ïðîâîäà ó òðàâåðñû ÷àñòî ïðåïÿò- ñëó÷àåâ âîçìîæíîñòè ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ñóùå- ñòâóåò íåìåäëåííîìó ïàäåíèþ ïîãèáøèõ ñòâóþùèõ ÂË ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì èçîëèðîâàí- ïòèö.  ðåçóëüòàòå âîçíèêàåò ïðîäîëæè- íîãî ïðîâîäà îãðàíè÷åíû â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî òåëüíîå çàìûêàíèå ÂË, ñîçäàþùåå ýêñïëó- ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó îïîðàìè ñóùåñòâåííî àòàöèîííûå ïîìåõè. ïðåâûøàåò äîïóñòèìîå äëÿ ÑÈÏ–3. 4. Óñòàíîâêà ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ Ïîäâîäÿ èòîã, íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü îá- (ÏÇÓ) â âèäå êîëïàêîâ èç ïîëèìåðíûõ ìà- ùèé ïîçèòèâíûé ñäâèã â ðàñøèðåíèè èíñò- òåðèàëîâ, ïîëíîñòüþ çàêðûâàþùèõ èçîëÿ- ðóìåíòîâ äëÿ çàùèòû ïòèö îò ïîðàæåíèÿ òîð, è çàùèòíûõ êîæóõîâ (ðóêàâîâ), èçî- ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì íà ËÝÏ. Î÷åâèäíî, ëèðóþùèõ òîêîíåñóùèé ïðîâîä â ðàéîíå ÷òî íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûìè øàãàìè ÿâ- îãîëîâêà îïîðû. Äàííûé òèï ÏÇÓ, íåñìîò- ëÿþòñÿ ïðîïàãàíäà èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ èçîëè- ðÿ íà øèðîêîå ïðèìåíåíèå çà ðóáåæîì, ðîâàííîãî ïðîâîäà ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè òîëüêî íà÷èíàåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ íà òåððè- è ñòðîèòåëüñòâå íîâûõ âîçäóøíûõ ëèíèé òîðèè Ðîññèè. Åãî ïðåèìóùåñòâà ñîñòîÿò â ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è, à òàêæå øèðîêîå ïðè- òîì, ÷òî âñå ýëåìåíòû ÏÇÓ âïåðâûå èçãî- ìåíåíèå ïîëèìåðíûõ ÏÇÓ íà ýêñïëóàòè- Ïðîâîä ÑÈÏ–3 íà îïî- ðàõ ñ øòûðåâûìè èçîëÿ- òîâëåíû ïîëíîñòüþ èç äèýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ðóåìûõ ËÝÏ. Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ðàñ÷¸òû òàê- òîðàìè (ñëåâà – îáùèé ìàòåðèàëîâ. Óñòàíîâêà çàùèòíûõ êîëïàêîâ æå ïîäòâåðæäàþò ýòî. âèä îïîðû, â öåíòðå – íå òðåáóåò ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî âûïîëíåíèÿ âèä íåñóùåé àðìàòóðû, ñëîæíûõ ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò (ñâàðêà, ñïðàâà – èçîëÿòîð äëÿ Ëèòåðàòóðà êðåïëåíèÿ ïðîâîäà ñâåðëåíèå òðàâåðñ è ïð.), à ïîëíàÿ èçîëÿ- ÑÈÏ–3 è ñàì ïðîâîä). öèÿ òîêîíåñóùåãî ïðîâîäà îáåñïå÷èâàåò Àáäóíàçàðîâ Á.Á. Îöåíêà ãèáåëè ïòèö íà Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà èñêëþ÷åíèå îïàñíûõ çàìûêàíèé ñ ó÷àñòè- ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷ ñðåäíåé ìîùíîñòè Wire SIP–3 on electric åì ïòèö. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëî- (6–35 êÂ) â Óçáåêèñòàíå. – Ìëåêîïèòàþùèå è ïòèöû Óçáåêèñòàíà. Òàøêåíò. 1987. Ñ.45. poles with up-right insu- æèòü, ÷òî äàííûé òèï çàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ lators (power line – at the ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâ- Çâîíîâ Á.Ì., Êðèâîíîñîâ Ã.À. Ãèáåëü õèù- left, wire and insulator – íûõ ïòèö íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ â Êàëìûêèè. – Áèî- íûõ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ.  Ðîññèè ðàçðà- on the right). Photos by ïîâðåæäåíèÿ: Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ 2-é Âñåñîþç- I. Karjakin áîòàí, àïðîáèðîâàí è íà÷àë ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ íîé êîíôåðåíöèè ïî áèîïîâðåæäåíèÿì. Ãîðüêèé. 1981. Ñ. 206–207. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î. ×åðíûå äûðû â ïîïóëÿöèÿõ õèùíûõ ïòèö (ãèáåëü õèù- íûõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â Çàïàäíîé Áåòïàê-Äàëå), Êàçàõñòàí. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðà- íà. 2005. ¹ 4. Ñ. 29–32. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Ñòåïíîé îðåë è èíôðàñòðóêòóðà ËÝÏ â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòà- íå. Åñòü ëè ïåðñïåêòèâà ñîñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ? – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2006. ¹ 6. Ñ. 48–57. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Ãèáåëü õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â Ïðèàðà- ëüå, Êàçàõñòàí. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 2. Ñ. 31–32. Ìàöûíà À.È. Îöåíêà è ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå ìàñøòàáîâ ãèáåëè õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â Íè- æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè (ëåñíàÿ è ëåñîñòåïíàÿ Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 13
ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÒ ÏÒÈÖÅÇÀÙÈÒÍÛÉ ÏÇÓ ÊÏ–1Á BIRD PROTECTING CONSTRUCTION Îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ (PZU KP–1B) Êîìïëåêò ïòèöåçàùèòíûé ÏÇÓ ÊÏ–1Á ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ ïðåäîòâ- Sphere of using ðàùåíèÿ ãèáåëè ïòèö îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà ÂË 6–10 êÂ, Bird protecting construction (PZU îñíàù¸ííûõ øòûðåâûìè èçîëÿòîðàìè ØÑ–10, ØÔ–10 è ØÔ–20 ñ KP–1B) is intended for preventing elec- áîêîâîé âÿçêîé ïðîâîäà. Íàèáîëüøèé çàùèòíûé ýôôåêò äîñòèãàåò- trocution of birds on overhead power ñÿ ïðè óñòàíîâêå êîìïëåêòîâ ÏÇÓ ÊÏ–1Á íà îãîëîâêàõ æ/á îïîð ÂË lines with medium voltage (6–10 kV) 6–10 ê ñ ìåòàëëè÷åñêèìè òðàâåðñàìè. equipped with upright insulators. Îïèñàíèå ïðîäóêöèè Description ÏÇÓ ÊÏ–1Á ñîñòîèò èç êîëïàêà ñôåðè÷åñêîé ôîðìû (1 øò.), ãèá- PZU KP–1B consists of spherical cap êèõ êîæóõîâ (4 øò.) è õîìóòîâ (6 øò.). Âñå ýëåìåíòû èçãîòîâëåíû èç (1 copy), flexible hoods (4 copies) and ïîëèìåðíûõ âîäîñòîéêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, óñòîé÷èâûõ ê àòìîñôåðíûì belts (6 copies). All elements are made óñëîâèÿì (ÃÎÑÒ 16337–77, 16338–85). Ïîâåðõíîñòü èçäåëèé ãëàä- of PVC-materials, steady against at- êàÿ. Çàùèòíûé êîëïàê îòêðûò ñ íèæíåé ñòîðîíû è èìååò äâà áîêî- mospheric conditions. There is me- âûõ âåðòèêàëüíûõ êàíàëà äëÿ âûõîäà ïðîâîäà. Êîæóõè â ñå÷åíèè chanical connection of some elements ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå ñî ñôåðè÷åñêîé âåðõíåé ÷àñòüþ. Âîëíèñòàÿ ôîðìà between themselves to erect on up- ñòåíîê êîæóõîâ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè èçãèáàòü èõ âî âðå- right insulators in PL 6–10 kV. ìÿ ìîíòàæà. Ïðåäóñìîòðåíî ìåõàíè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå îòäåëüíûõ Technique parameters ýëåìåíòîâ ìåæäó ñîáîé ïðè óñòàíîâêå íà øòûðåâûõ èçîëÿòîðàõ ÂË Sizes of the cap 6–10 ê è ôèêñàöèÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ êðåïåæíûõ õîìóòîâ. Diameter – 180 mm Òåõíè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè Height – 170 mm Ðàçìåðû êîëïàêà Length – 210 mm Äèàìåòð – 180 ìì Thickness of the wall – 1 mm Âûñîòà – 170 ìì Sizes of the hood Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ äëèíà – 210 ìì Length – 300 mm Òîëùèíà ñòåíêè – 1 ìì Height – 40 mm Ðàçìåðû êîæóõà Internal diameter – 18 mm Äëèíà – 300 ìì Thickness of the wall – 2 mm Âûñîòà – 40 ìì Temperature of using – from +55°Ñ Âíóòðåííèé äèàìåòð – 18 ìì to –35°Ñ. Òîëùèíà ñòåíêè – 2 ìì Length of the protected site of line – Òåìïåðàòóðà ýêñïëóàòàöèè – îò 1290 mm. +55°Ñ äî –35°Ñ Mass – 400 g. Äëèíà çàùèùàåìîãî ó÷àñòêà ëèíèè Producer – 1290 ìì JSC «ITS», N.Novgorod, Russia. Âåñ êîìïëåêòà – 400 ãð. Contact: Ïðîèçâîäèòåëü JSC «ITS» ÎÎÎ «ÈÒÑ», Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ N.Novgorod, Russia Êîíòàêò: Ðèñ. 5. Êîìïëåêò ïòèöåçàùèòíûé its–[email protected] ÎÎÎ «ÈÒÑ» ÏÇÓ ÊÏ–1Á Ðîññèÿ, Í.Íîâãîðîä Fig. 5. Russian bird protecting con- its–[email protected] struction (PZU KP–1B)
çîíà Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè Ðîññèè). – Ïåðíàòûå äà÷è 6–10 êÂ. Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå. Óëüÿ- õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 2. Ñ. 33–41. íîâñê. 1999. 43 ñ. Ìàöûíà À.È. Ðåãèîíàëüíàÿ îöåíêà ìàñø- Ñòàðèêîâ Ñ.Â. Ìàññîâàÿ ãèáåëü õèùíûõ òàáîâ ãèáåëè ïòèö ïðè êîíòàêòå ñ ËÝÏ (íà ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷ â Çàéñàíñ- ïðèìåðå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè). – Îðíè- êîé êîòëîâèíå (Âîñòî÷íûé Êàçàõñòàí). – òîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â Ñåâåðíîé Åâ- Selevinia. 1996/1997. Ñ. 233–234. ðàçèè: Òåçèñû XII Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëî- Òðåáîâàíèÿ ïî ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ ãèáåëè ãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. îáúåêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ìèðà ïðè îñóùåñòâëåíèè Ñòàâðîïîëü: Èçä-âî ÑÃÓ. 2006. Ñ. 340–342. ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ïðîöåññîâ, à òàêæå ïðè Ïåðåðâà Â.È., Áëîõèí À.Î. Îöåíêà ãèáåëè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òðàíñïîðòíûõ ìàãèñòðàëåé, ðåäêèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêò- òðóáîïðîâîäîâ, ëèíèé ñâÿçè è ýëåêòðîïåðå- ðîïåðåäà÷. – Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû îõðà- äà÷è (óòâ. ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ íû ðåäêèõ æèâîòíûõ. Ì. 1981. Ñ. 36–39. îò 13 àâãóñòà 1996 ã. N 99). Ñàëòûêîâ À.Â. Ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî ïðåäîòâðà- ùåíèþ ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðå- 14 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
Lines-Killers Continue to Harvest the Mortal Crop in Kazakhstan ЛИНИИСМЕРТИПРОДОЛЖАЮТСОБИРАТЬСВОЙ«ЧЁРНЫЙ» УРОЖАЙВКАЗАХСТАНЕ Karyakin I.V. (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia) Каряин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Новород, Россия)
Êîíòàêò: Ïîðàæåíèå îò ýëåêòðîòîêà Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé (ËÝÏ) 6–10 ê ÿâëÿåòñÿ îä- 603000 Ðîññèÿ íèì èç îñíîâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä íåãàòèâíî ñêàçûâàþùèõñÿ óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 íà äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè òåë.: +7 (831) 433 38 47 [email protected] ìíîãèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö â àðèäíûõ çîíàõ. Êàçàõñòàí Contact: – ñòåïíàÿ ñòðàíà è ëîãè÷íî Igor Karyakin ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî äàííûé Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 ôàêòîð çäåñü íàèáîëåå îùó- Nizhniy Novgorod òèìî âëèÿåò íà õèùíûõ ïòèö, 603000 Russia ïðè÷¸ì ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íå òîëü- tel.: +7 (831) 433 38 47 êî â Êàçàõñòàíå, íî è â Ðîñ- [email protected] ñèè, è ïîãèáàþùèõ íà ËÝÏ â õîäå ìèãðàöèè.  óñëîâèÿõ èíòåíñèôèêà- öèè â Êàçàõñòàíå íåôòå- è ãàçîäîáû÷è è ðàçâèòèÿ èí- ôðàñòðóêòóðû íåôòå- è ãà- çîïðîâîäîâ, à òàêæå ñîïóòñòâóþùåé èì èí- Ðèñ. 1. Îáñëåäîâàííûå ó÷àñòêè ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ â ôðàñòðóêòóðû àíòèêîððîçèîííûõ ËÝÏ, Êàçàõñòàíå â 2003–2007 ãã. Íóìåðàöèÿ ó÷àñòêîâ íà áûëà ïðåäïðèíÿòà ïîïûòêà îöåíèòü óùåðá, ðèñóíêå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â òàáëèöàõ 1–3 íàíåñ¸ííûé êàê ìåñòíûì, òàê è ìèãðèðóþ- Fig. 1. Monitored fragments of power lines potentially lethal to birds in Kazakhstan in 2003–2007. Numbers ùèì õèùíûì ïòèöàì ïòèöåîïàñíûìè ËÝÏ of fragments in the figure are similar with numbers in (ÏÎ ËÝÏ) â íåñêîëüêèõ ìîäåëüíûõ ïðèðîä- tables 1–3 íûõ ðàéîíàõ Çàïàäíîãî è Öåíòðàëüíîãî Êà-
Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis), ïîãèáøèé îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà îïîðå Electrocutions on power lines with voltage ïòèöåîïàñíîé ëèíèè ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ÏÎ ËÝÏ), îñíàù¸ííîé èçîëÿòîðàìè ñ îò- 6–10 kV is the one of the significant factors ïàéêîé. Ýòî îäíà èç ñàìûõ îïàñíûõ äëÿ ïòèö êîíñòðóêöèé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà impacting negatively on dynamics of number Electrocuted Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) on the electric pole equipped with insula- of many species of birds of prey in steppes, tors and jumper wires of the power line potentially lethal to birds. This particular configuration, where the jumper is above the phase, is one of the most dangerous semideserts and deserts in Kazakhstan. We types of poles. Photos by I. Karyakin monitored 13 fragments of power lines po- tentially lethal to raptors with total length 288.2 km (fig. 1, table 1) in 2003–2007. We registered all fresh corpses of electrocuted birds of prey in the monitored fragments. Also in the zone of influence of potentially lethal power lines (up to 5 km) we recorded all living birds of prey and, whenever possi- ble, searched their nests. Monitoring the zone of influence of the power line we recorded 81 living birds of prey that was only 26.6 % from the total number of recorded birds. We found 223 carcasses of electrocuted raptors (73.4 %). The power line seems to be the most haz- ards for White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus al- Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 15
Òàáë. 1. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà îáñëåäîâàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ Table 1. Features of monitored fragments of power lines potentially lethal to birds
çàõñòàíà – Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ìåæäóðå÷üå, bicilla), Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), Ìóãîäæàðàõ, Ïðèàðàëüå, ïåñêàõ Ñàðû-Ñó è Greater Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga) and Áåòïàê-Äàëå. Short-toed Eagles (Circaetus gallicus), be-  2003–2007 ãã. íà ïðåäìåò ãèáåëè õèù- cause these species were registered only íûõ ïòèö áûëè äåòàëüíî îáñëåäîâàíû 13 further than 5 km from the power line. The ó÷àñòêîâ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) absolute- 288,2 êì (ðèñ. 1, òàáë. 1). Íà äàííûõ ó÷àñ- ly dominated among the electrocuted òêàõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âñå ñâåæèå òðóïû birds, making 49.8 % from their total õèùíûõ ïòèö è îñòàíêè óòèëèçèðîâàííûõ number (fig. 2), and the portion of the ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íå ðàíåå 7 äíåé äî íà÷àëà species was high also in territories where îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ËÝÏ. Ïàðàëëåëüíî ó÷¸òó this species does not breed. Ïòèöû, ïîãèáøèå îò ïî- ðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â Êàçàõñòà- íå: 1 – êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), 2 – êàíþê (Buteo buteo vulpinus), 3 – ÷¸ð- íûé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans migrans), 4 – ëóíü ñòåïíîé (Circus macrourus). Ôîòî È. Êà- ðÿêèíà Electrocuted birds on power lines potentially le- thal to birds in Kazakhstan: 1 – Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus); 2 – Buz- zard (Buteo buteo vulpi- nus); 3 – Black Kite (Mil- vus migrans migrans); 4 – Pallid Harrier (Circus mac- rourus). Photos by I. Kar- yakin 16 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
îñòàíêîâ ïòèö, ïîðàæ¸ííûõ ýëåêòðîòîêîì, Dangerous power lines have horrendous â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ËÝÏ (äî 5 êì) ó÷èòûâàëèñü effect especially in the regions with the âñå æèâûå õèùíûå ïòèöû, à òàêæå, ïî âîç- dense breeding of the Steppe Eagle – up ìîæíîñòè, èñêàëèñü èõ ãí¸çäà. to 108.4 ind./10 km of the power line.  õîäå ðàáîòû â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ More than 90 % of steppe eagles are killed ó÷òåíà 81 æèâàÿ õèùíàÿ ïòèöà, ÷òî ñîñòà- by electrocution in the zone of influence âèëî âñåãî ëèøü 26,6% îò îáùåãî êîëè÷å- of power line at the beginning of the ñòâà ó÷ò¸ííûõ ïòèö. Ïîä îïîðàìè ËÝÏ breeding period and only 9.8 % of records îáíàðóæåíî 223 ñâåæèõ èëè ÷àñòè÷íî óòè- are living birds, but in the most cases they ëèçèðîâàííûõ çà ïðåäûäóùóþ íåäåëþ òðó- are killed during the breeding period. The ïîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ â ðåçóëüòàòå portion of living kestrels registered in the ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì (73,4%). Êàê âèä- zone of the power line influence was 64.9 íî èç òàáëèö 2 è 3, âëèÿíèå ÏÎ ËÝÏ íà % – it is only due to the small size of birds. ðàçíûå âèäû ïòèö íåîäíîðîäíî è â ïåð- The Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) âóþ î÷åðåäü ñòðàäàþò êðóïíûå õèùíèêè – and the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) îðëû è îðëàíû. Ñîîòíîøåíèå ïîãèáøèõ è adapt to dangerous electric poles pres-
Òàáë. 2. Êîëè÷åñòâî âñòðå÷åííûõ ïòèö íà îáñëåäîâàííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Íóìåðàöèÿ ó÷àñòêîâ â òàáëèöå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â òàáë. 1 è íà ðèñ. 1. Æèðíûì øðèôòîì âûäåëåíû âèäû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ Table 2. Number of recorded birds in monitored fragments of power lines potentially lethal to birds Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 17
Òàáë. 3. Ïëîòíîñòü âñòðå÷åííûõ ïòèö íà îáñëåäîâàííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Íóìåðàöèÿ ó÷àñòêîâ â òàáëèöå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â òàáë. 1 è íà ðèñ. 1. Æèðíûì øðèôòîì âûäåëåíû âèäû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ Table 3. Density of recorded bird in monitored fragments of power lines potentially lethal to birds (ind./10 km)
æèâûõ ïòèö ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî êðóïíûå ìèã- ence because in the zone of power line ðàíòû, òàêèå êàê îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliae- influence more than a half of living birds etus albicilla), áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos), from the total number of records was reg- áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) è çìåå- istered. Adaptation of adult Imperial Ea- ÿä (Circaetus gallicus), ïîÿâëÿÿñü â çîíå âëè- gles is confirmed by the fact that the most ÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ãèáíóò äîâîëüíî áûñòðî, part of recorded electrocuted eagles were ïîýòîìó âèçóàëüíî ýòè âèäû íàáëþäàëèñü juvenile while the most records (60 %) of ëèøü íà ðàññòîÿíèè áîëåå 5 êì îò ÏÎ ËÝÏ. other species were adults. 77.6 % of re- Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) àáñî- corded electrocuted birds were breeding ëþòíî ëèäèðóåò ñðåäè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö, ñî- and only 22.4 % were migrating. About ñòàâëÿÿ 49,8% îò èõ îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà 80–90 % of recorded electrocuted birds (ðèñ. 2), ïðè÷¸ì äîëÿ åãî ãèáåëè âûñîêà è are Steppe Eagles and Long-legged Buz- òàì, ãäå ýòîò âèä íå ãíåçäèòñÿ. Òàì æå, ãäå zard in Western Kazakhstan. The portion ÏÎ ËÝÏ ïðîõîäÿò ÷åðåç ìåñòà åãî ìàññî- of Golden Eagles and Short-toed Eagled âîãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ìàñøòàáû ãèáåëè óæà- is more in Central Kazakhstan. Only fol- ñàþò – äî 108,4 ïòèö/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ.  lowing the data of satellite images Land- íà÷àëå ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ sat ETM + and QuickBird the length of ÏÎ ËÝÏ ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ áîëåå ÷åì 90%-ÿ potentially lethal for birds power lines is ãèáåëü ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ è ëèøü 9,8% âñòðå÷ 9478 km. According with average data of ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà æèâûõ ïòèö, ïðè÷¸ì â áîëü- our monitoring of power lines (7.74 ind./ 18 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
øèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ îíè ïîãèáàþò â òå÷åíèå 10 km) about 58000 birds of prey are pro- ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà. Íà ïîñëåäíåå óêàçû- jected to be killed by electrocution every âàåò òî, ÷òî â çîíàõ âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ èçâå- year only during spring migration (8 ñòíû ëèøü åäèíè÷íûå ãí¸çäà ñòåïíûõ îð- weeks). And the Steppe Eagles dominate ëîâ, ñîñòîÿíèå êîòîðûõ óêàçûâàëî íà absolutely – about 29000 individuals. óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå â íèõ ïòèö õîòÿ 355500 individuals of electrocuted birds áû îäíîêðàòíî. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîñëåäíèõ of prey are the species listed in the Red ëåò â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî â Data Book of Kazakhstan for murdering of ãëèíèñòûõ ïîëóïóñòûíÿõ ñòåïíîé îð¸ë ïû- which are punished by the legislation. òàåòñÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿ ïîä ÏÎ ËÝÏ, íî ïðè âîç- However the state nature protection bod- ìîæíîì îáèëèè 37,39 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ/ ies do not undertake any efforts on pun- 100 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ (ïî ó÷¸òó âñåõ ãí¸çä), ðå- ishment of owners of “power lines-killers”. àëüíîå îáèëèå æèëûõ ãí¸çä ñòåïíîãî îðëà We believe the target project on bird pro- ñîñòàâëÿåò 16,03/100 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Ò.å. íà tection actions to retrofit exiting electric 57,14% ó÷àñòêîâ îðëû ãèáíóò â ïåðâûé æå poles-killers should be realized in Kaza- ìåñÿö ïîñëå ïðèë¸òà, ìíîãèå åù¸ íå óñ- khstan at the state level. ïåâ îòëîæèòü ÿéöà. Ê ðàçãàðó ïåðèîäà íà- ñèæèâàíèÿ ÿèö íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ íàáëþäàåòñÿ ëèøü 18,4% æèâûõ îðëîâ îò îáùåãî êîëè- ÷åñòâà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ìèã- ðàíòîâ, òîãäà êàê äîëÿ ïîãèáøèõ ñîñòàâëÿ- åò 81,6%. Âåñåííèå ó÷¸òû íà ìàðøðóòàõ (â ïåðèîä êëàäêè) ïîêàçàëè äîñòîâåðíîå óìåíüøåíèå (íà 27,5%) îáèëèÿ æèëûõ ãí¸çä â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Åñëè â åñ- òåñòâåííûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ, óäàë¸ííûõ îò ÏÎ ËÝÏ áîëåå ÷åì íà 3 êì, äîëÿ æè- ëûõ ãí¸çä ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 95,22±5,77%, òî â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ (áëèæå 3-õ êì) äîëÿ æèëûõ ãí¸çä ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò ëèøü 67,69±10,69%.  öåëîì ïî Çàïàäíîìó Êàçàõñòàíó ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î ãèáåëè 5,98 îñîáåé/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ èëè 0,6 ãí¸çä/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ (Êàðÿ- êèí, Íîâèêîâà, 2006). Áîëåå óñòîé÷èâûìè ê ãèáåëè îò ýëåêòðî- òîêà îêàçàëèñü ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca), êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus) è ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus). Äîëÿ ðåãèñòðàöèè æèâûõ ïó- ñòåëüã â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêà, è ñîñòàâëÿåò 64,9%, ÷òî îáúÿñíÿ- åòñÿ äîâîëüíî ìåëêèìè ðàçìåðàìè, êîòî- ðûå ïîçâîëÿþò èçáåæàòü çàìûêàíèÿ. Ñè- òóàöèÿ æå ñ êóðãàííèêîì, îêîëî ïîëîâèíû ðåãèñòðàöèé êîòîðîãî ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà æè- âûõ ïòèö â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, è ìî- ãèëüíèêîì, ó êîòîðîãî êîëè÷åñòâî æèâûõ ïòèö â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ äîìèíèðóåò íàä ïîãèáøèìè, íå âñåãäà ïîíÿòíà.  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ñêëàäûâàåòñÿ âïå÷àòëåíèå, ÷òî ýòè âèäû ïðåêðàñíî èäåíòèôèöèðóþò îïàñ- íîñòü, èñõîäÿùóþ îò ÏÎ ËÝÏ, è íå ñàäÿòñÿ íà ñìåðòîíîñíûå îïîðû.  íåêîòîðûõ ñëó- ÷àÿõ ìîãèëüíèêè àêòèâíî èñïîëüçóþò ïî- Çèìíÿê (Buteo lagopus), ïîãèáøèé îò ïîðàæå- ãèáøèõ îò ýëåêòðîòîêà õèùíûõ ïòèö è âðà- íèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ (âåðõíåå ôîòî) ñ õàðàêòåðíûìè ñëåäàìè îæîãîâ íà ëàïàõ íîâûõ â êà÷åñòâå êîðìà, ò.ê. ó ïàð, (íèæíåå ôîòî). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ïîä Electrocuted Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo ãí¸çäàìè ñêàïëèâàþòñÿ âî ìíîæåñòâå îñ- lagopus) (upper image) with character burnings òàíêè õèùíèêîâ, êîòîðûõ â íîðìå îðëû â of legs (bottom image). Photos by I. Karyakin Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 19
Îðëû, ïîãèáøèå îò ïî- ðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ íåôòåïðîâî- äà «Êàçòðàíñîéë» Ïàâëî- äàð – Øûìêåíò â Êàçàõ- ñòàíå: 1–2 – ñòåïíûå îðëû (Aquila nipalensis), 3 – ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila he- liaca), 4 – îðëàí-áåëî- õâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), 5 – çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Eagles, electrocuted on the potentially lethal power line along the «Ka- ztransoil» oil pipe-line Pavlodar-Shymkent in Kazakhstan: 1–2 – Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis); 3 – Imperial Eagle (Aqui- la heliaca); 4 – White- tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla); 5 – Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). Photos by I. Karyakin
òàêîì êîëè÷åñòâå äîáûâàòü íå â ñîñòîÿíèè. îðëàíà) áîëåå ÷åì â 60% ñëó÷àåâ ãèáíóò Íà àäàïòàöèþ âçðîñëûõ ìîãèëüíèêîâ ê âçðîñëûå ïòèöû. îïàñíîñòè ËÝÏ óêàçûâàåò è òîò ôàêò, ÷òî Àíàëèç ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ õèùíèêîâ â çîíå ñðåäè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö äîìèíèðóþò ñë¸òêè, âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî êîãäà ó äðóãèõ âèäîâ (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì 77,6% ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà óñ- 20 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
Ïòèöû, ïîãèáøèå îò ïî- Äàííûå òåððèòîðèè ëåæàò â çîíå êî÷¸âîê ðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì áåðêóòà ìåæäó åãî êðóïíûìè ãíåçäîâû- íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â Êàçàõñòà- íå: ââåðõó – îáûêíîâåí- ìè ãðóïïèðîâêàìè íà Êàðà-Òàó è Êàçàõ- íàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco ñêîì ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå, çäåñü òàêæå ëåæàò tinnunculus), âíèçó – îñíîâíûå ìèãðàöèîííûå ïîòîêè ÿñòðå- ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco áèíûõ, ïåðåâàëèâàþùèõ ãîðíûå ñèñòåìû naumanni). Ôîòî È. Êà- ðÿêèíà Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è çà Êàðà-Òàó âååðîì ðàç- Electrocuted birds in Ka- ëåòàþùèõñÿ â ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîì, ñåâåð- zakhstan: upper – Kestrel íîì è ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèÿõ. (Falco tinnunculus), bot- Îòñþäà è íàèáîëüøåå ðàçíîîáðàçèå âè- tom – Lesser Kestrel (Fal- äîâ, ïîãèáàþùèõ íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ Áåòïàê- co naumanni). Photos by I. Karyakin Äàëû è áàññåéíà Ñàðû-Ñó, â òîì ÷èñëå âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü òàêèõ ñåâåðî-âîñ- òî÷íûõ ìèãðàíòîâ êàê çèìíÿê (Buteo lagopus), òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis) è ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus). Ïîñëåäíèé ÿâíî äîìèíèðóåò ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè íàä åâðîïåéñêèì êîðøóíîì (Milvus migrans migrans). Îñîáî ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü àíòèêîððîçèîííóþ ËÝÏ âäîëü íåôòåïðîâîäà «Êàçòðàíñîéë» Ïàâëîäàð- Øûìêåíò, îáîðóäîâàííóþ íåêèì ïîäî- áèåì ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ñîîðóæåíèé (ÏÇÓ) â âèäå ñòàëüíûõ óñîâ è ïðèñàä, íå èìåþ- ùèõ èçîëèðóþùèõ ïëàøåê, è ëèøü óâåëè- ëîâíî ìåñòíûõ, è ëèøü 22,4% ïîãèáøèõ ÷èâàþùèõ ãèáåëü ïòèö. Íà ýòîé ËÝÏ ãèá- õèùíèêîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìèãðàíòàìè, ïîãèáøè- íåò îãðîìíîå êîëè÷åñòâî çìååÿäîâ è ìè íà ïðîë¸òå. Èç óñëîâíî ìåñòíûõ ïòèö áåðêóòîâ, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ìèãðèðóþùèõ ê áîëåå ïîëîâèíû ïûòàþòñÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿ â ìåñòàì ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â Êàçàõñêèé ìåëêî- çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, î ÷¸ì ñâèäåòåëü- ñîïî÷íèê (Êàðÿêèí, Áàðàáàøèí, 2005). ñòâóþò ïóñòóþùèå ãí¸çäà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, Îöåíèòü ïîëíîñòüþ óùåðá, íàíîñèìûé íà îïîðàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ãèáíóò â ïåðâóþ î÷å- ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ñòåïíîé ðåäü èìåííî êàçàõñêèå ïòèöû, íàñåëÿþùèå è ïîëóïóñòûííîé çîíàõ Êàçàõñòàíà, èìåÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ, ÷åðåç êîòîðûå ïðîõîäÿò íåáîëüøîé âðåìåííîé ñðåç íàáëþäåíèé ýòè «ëèíèè ñìåðòè». â ïåðèîä ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñ 15 àïðåëÿ  Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå îêîëî 80–90% ïî 2 ìàÿ, è íå èìåÿ ïîëíûõ äàííûõ ïî ðåãèñòðàöèé ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ïðîòÿæåííîñòè ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñòåïíîãî îðëà è êóðãàííèêà. Èíàÿ ñèòóà- íåâîçìîæíî. Òåì íå ìåíåå, â ïåðèîä öèÿ ñêëàäûâàåòñÿ â öåíòðàëüíîì Êàçàõñòà- âåñåííåé ìèãðàöèè (8 íåäåëü) òîëüêî íà íå – â Áåòïàê-Äàëå è áàññåéíå Ñàðû-Ñó. ÏÎ ËÝÏ, õîðîøî âûäåëÿåìûõ ïî ñíèì-
Ðèñ. 2. Ñîîòíîøåíèå âèäîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèù- íèêîâ, ãèáíóùèõ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðî- òîêîì â Êàçàõñòàíå Fig. 2. Proportion of raptor species that elec- trocuted in Kazakhstan Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2008, 11 21
ËÝÏ â Êàçàõñòàíå íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óðîâíå. Ïåðâûé øàã â ðåàëèçàöèè ïðî- åêòà ñäåëàí ñèëàìè íàó÷íîé îáùåñòâåí- íîñòè – âûÿâëåíû îñîáî-îïàñíûå äëÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö ËÝÏ. Ñëåäóþùèé øàã çà ãî- ñóäàðñòâåííûìè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìè îðãàíàìè – îáÿçàòü âëàäåëüöåâ îñíàñòèòü ÏÎ ËÝÏ ÏÇÓ â âèäå êîæóõîâ, èçîëèðóþ- ùèõ ïðîâîä è èçîëÿòîð. Íå òàê äàâíî ïîÿâèëàñü ðîññèéñêàÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ÏÇÓ òàêîãî òèïà, ñïåöèàëüíî äëÿ îñíàùåíèÿ àíòèêîððîçèîííûõ ËÝÏ ñî øòûðåâûìè èçîëÿòîðàìè, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü èñ- ïîëüçîâàíà è â Êàçàõñòàíå. Åñëè ïðèðî- äîîõðàííûìè îðãàíàìè Êàçàõñòàíà áóäóò èíèöèèðîâàíû ïðåöåäåíòû ïî ïðåäúÿâ- ëåíèþ èñêîâ âëàäåëüöàì ÏÎ ËÝÏ, âëà- äåëüöû áóäóò âûíóæäåíû îçàáîòèòüñÿ Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë è äâà êà- êàì Landsat ETM+ è QuickBird, ïðîòÿ- ðåàëèçàöèåé ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿ- íþêà, ïîãèáøèå îò ïîðà- æ¸ííîñòü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 9478 êì, æåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì â òèé, ïîÿâèòñÿ ñïðîñ íà ÏÇÓ, èçãîòîâëå- òå÷åíèå äíÿ íà îäíîé îïèðàÿñü íà óñðåäí¸ííûå äàííûå ïî íèå êîòîðûõ ìîæíî îðãàíèçîâàòü è ñè- îïîðå ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Ôîòî È. âñåì îáñëåäîâàííûì ó÷àñòêàì ÏÎ ËÝÏ ëàìè ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëåé íà ìåñòàõ. Êàðÿêèíà (7,74 îñîáåé/10 êì), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëà- Steppe Eagle and two ãàòü åæåãîäíóþ ãèáåëü â Êàçàõñòàíå îò Ëèòåðàòóðà buzzards, electrocuted on ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì, êàê ìèíèìóì, an electric pole during a day. Photos by I. Karyakin îêîëî 58 òûñ. õèùíûõ ïòèö, èç êîòîðûõ Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î. ׸ðíûå àáñîëþòíî äîìèíèðóåò ñòåïíîé îð¸ë – äûðû â ïîïóëÿöèÿõ õèùíûõ ïòèö (ãèáåëü îêîëî 29 òûñ. îñîáåé. Äàííûå öèôðû õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â Çàïàäíîé Áåòïàê- õîðîøî ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ ïðåæíèìè îöåí- Äàëå), Êàçàõñòàí. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è êàìè ãèáåëè ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Êàçàõñòàíå èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 4. Ñ. 29–32. – îêîëî 26 òûñ. îñîáåé åæåãîäíî. Òîëü- Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Ñòåïíîé êî â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå ïðè ïëîòíîñòè îð¸ë è èíôðàñòðóêòóðà ËÝÏ â Çàïàäíîì 2 ÏÎ ËÝÏ 12 êì/100 êì ñóììàðíàÿ ãè- Êàçàõñòàíå. Åñòü ëè ïåðñïåêòèâà ñîñóùå- áåëü ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ ìîæåò äîñòèãàòü 7,18 ñòâîâàíèÿ? – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõ- 2 2 îñîáåé/100 êì è 0,72 ãíåçä/100 êì â ðàíà. 2006. ¹ 6. Ñ. 48–57. ãîä, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò åæåãîäíîé ãèáåëè 1635 ãí¸çä îðëîâ, èëè 7,91% îò ÷èñëåí- íîñòè âèäà â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå (Êà- ðÿêèí, Íîâèêîâà, 2006), ãäå ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå ÷åòâåðòè êàçàõñêèõ ïòèö. Íàèáîëåå ñìåðòîíîñíàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ äëÿ õèùíûõ Èòàê, äàæå ïî ñàìûì ñêðîìíûì îöåí- ïòèö, íà îïîðàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ íåôòåïðîâîäà «Êàçòðàíñîéë» Ïàâëîäàð-Øûìêåíò. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà êàì, â Êàçàõñòàíå åæåãîäíî ïîãèáàåò The most hazardous construction to raptors of the «Ka- îêîëî 58 òûñ. õèùíûõ ïòèö, èç êîòîðûõ ztransoil» oil pipe-line Pavlodar-Shymkent. 61% (35,5 òûñ. îñîáåé) – ýòî âèäû, çàíå- Photo by I. Karyakin ñ¸ííûå â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Êàçàõñòàíà, çà óíè÷òîæåíèå êîòîðûõ çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâîì ïðåäóñìîòðåíû èñêè. Îäíàêî ãîñóäàð- ñòâåííûå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå îðãàíû íå ïðåäïðèíèìàþò íèêàêèõ óñèëèé ïî íà- êàçàíèþ âèíîâíûõ â ìàññîâîì óáèéñòâå õèùíûõ ïòèö âëàäåëüöåâ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, õîòÿ â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ýòî íåáåäíûå íåô- òå- è ãàçîäîáûâàþùèå êîìïàíèè, ñïîñîá- íûå íå òîëüêî âîçìåùàòü óùåðá, íî è ðå- êîíñòðóèðîâàòü ñâîè ËÝÏ, îñíàùàÿ èõ äåéñòâèòåëüíî çàùèùàþùèìè ïòèö ÏÇÓ. Óæå äàâíî íàñóùíî íàçðåëà íåîáõîäè- ìîñòü ðåàëèçàöèè öåëåâîãî ïðîåêòà ïî ïòèöåçàùèòíûì ìåðîïðèÿòèÿì íà ÏÎ 22 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2008, 11 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ
Monitoring Results of Nestboxes for Ural Owl in the Bogorodsk Region of the N.Novgorod District, Russia РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫПРОВЕРКИГНЕЗДОВЫХЯЩИКОВДЛЯ ДЛИННОХВОСТОЙНЕЯСЫТИВБОГОРОДСКОМРАЙОНЕ НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙОБЛАСТИ,РОССИЯ Levashkin A.P. (N.Novgorod State University, N.Novgorod, Russia) Левашин А.П. (Нижеородсий ос&дарственный