Wagon Tracks Volume 10 Issue 1 Wagon Tracks Volume 10, Issue 1 (November Article 1 1995)

1996 Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 1 (November, 1995) Santa Fe Trail Association

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VOLUME 10 NOVEMBER 1995 NUMBER 1

" A SUPERB SYMPOSIUM THE JOURNAL OF SAMUEL THE sixth SFTAsymposium at Larned D. RAYMOND, 1859-1862 • and Great Bend. KS. Septemher 21­ Transcribed, annotated, and 24, offered excellent programs for the introduced by Lloyd W. Gundy 481 registered participants from 17 (Gundy, Arvada. CO, is a member of states. Special thanks are extended to SFTA and a volunteer at the Colorado Steve Linderer and the scores ofwork­ Historical Society. where hefound the ers who put it all together and kept it following diary and prepared it for going smoothly from beginning to end publication. Thanks are extended to despite a dash ofsnow and unseason­ him and to the Colorado Historical ably cold weather. Societyfor permission to publish this Activities included field trips, living­ document.) history demonstrations at Fort Larned NHS, and a variety of programs at the INTRODUCTION Santa Fe Trail Center, Larned City SAMUEL D. Raymond. a '5ger In the Auditorium, Barton County Historical Pike's Peak Gold Rush, never struck it SoCiety Museum. and Barton County rich. Like thousands ofother prospec­ Community College. tors. his story was one of failure. Yet Among unscheduled events was the he survived difficult times, adopted attempt ed arrest ofHarry C. Myers by Colorado for his home state, and died Polly Fowler, Independence, MO, re­ Texas Rangers for defamatory remarks at Denver in 1902. Raymond was born ceiving the prestigious Rittenhouse Me­ he made about "Texicans" in his in New York City, June 22, 1824. morial Stagecoach Award from Ross scheduled presentation and. just in Marshall and Joy Poole. This special the nick of time. his liberation by a award honoring the late Jack D. Ritten­ U.S. soldier. Harry claims it almost house, author of The Santa Fe Trail, A caused him to have another heart at­ Historical Bibliography, Is presented tack. for lifetime achievement In research and writing about the history of the Symposium photos may be found , Santa Fe Trail. It Is cosponsored by throughout this issue of WT. A sum­ - SFTA and Ray Dewey of Santa Fe, NM, mary of business conducted by the and Includes a plaque, Santa Fe Trail board and membership meetin~ be­ blanket, and cash prize. gins on page 2. Those who were unable to attend (as HONORS AWARDED well as some who were there) may be pleased to know that a book contain­ JOY Poole, chainnan of the SFTA ing selected papers from the sympo­ Awards Committee, announced the sium will be published by SFTA next 1995 honorees and Ross Marshall pre­ year and offered for sale to individuals sented the awards during Saturday and book dealers. This is the first time evening activities at Great Bend. This since the 1987 conference that papers ceremony has become a traditional have been printed, and it is the first highlight of each symposium. time SFTA has undertaken the publi­ • The SFTA Award of Merit is pre­ cation. sented to recognize special efforts and Everyone should start planning now outstandingcontributions ofindividu­ to attend the 1997 symposium to be als and organizations in the preserva­ headquartered at Boise City. OK, with tion and promotion of the historic additional sessions planned at Elk­ route. hart. KS, and Clayton, NM. Coordina­ Samuel D. Raymond served as a bugler A total of seven Eagle Scouts were tors David Hutchison and Dan Sharp In the Colorado Light Artillery Volun­ honored for completion of community have set the meeting for September teers during the Civil War, 1862-1865, service projects related to the Trail: 24-28. They are presently arranging during which time this photograph was Derick Barnes, Aaron Cross, Josh the program and welcome sugges­ taken. Earlier, In 1859, he kept a diary of Woolard, Matt Waldren, and Scott Di­ tions. A list of area motels and camp­ his trip to the Colorado gold fields via vis ofTroop 238, Lewis. KS. and Travis grounds is already available. Send the Santa Fe Trail, with additional en­ Wenstrom and Bart Wenstrom of ideas and requests to David Hutch­ tries about his life In the mountains until Troop 239. Kinsley, KS. ison, HCR 1 Box 35, Boise City OK 1862. (continUed on page 3) 73933. (continued on page 12) November 1995 1

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PRESIDENT'S COLUMN sium. sium, sponsored by the Cimarron Cut­ I appreciate each of you and what off Chapter. were presented by David A very wann greeting to each of you you do for the Trail. Hutchison and Dan Sharp.' . as members of the Santa Fe Trail As­ -Ross Marshall Joy Poole proposed the estab­ sociation and friends of the Santa Fe lishment of a Santa Fe Trail Passport, Trail. I look forward to communicating SFTA BUSINESS and a committee was authorized to with you on Trail subjects in the next by Ruth Olson Peters proceedwith this project. PublicityCo­ couple of years and getting to know The SFTA governingboard met on Sep­ ordinator Mike Pitef reported that a tember 21, 1995, at the Santa Fe Trail tourism kit Is now aVailable and that many of you better. publicityon the 175th anniversary has First ofall. a salute to Steve Linderer. Center, Larned, KS. and heard officer begun. program coordinator, and to Fort and committee reports and discussed Larned NHS. Santa Fe Trail Center, a variety of topics. Membership for . Ross Marshall stated his goals and Wet-Dry Routes Chapter. Barton 1995. to September 6, was 1,254 concerns for the future of SFTA and County Community College, Barton members, compared to a total for 1994 noted he will appoint a lOth anniver­ County Historical Society, and all of of 1,269. sary committee to observe the conclu- the volunteers and supporters from Vice-President Ross Marshall re­ Larned and Great Bend for a marvel­ ported on the questionnaire he had ous symposium. Symposia to not hap­ sent to chapters and emphasized the Headquarters ofthe santa Fe Trail Asso­ penwithout lotsofhard work bymany, need to develop better relationships ciation are located at the office of Sec­ and we were able to enjoy four days of among chapters and between the na­ Tress Ruth Olson Peters, santa Fe Trail Trail activities as a result of their ef­ tional organization and each chapter. Center, RR 3, Larned KS 67550; tele­ forts. Even the snow was fun. The SFTA Marker Policywas adopted phone (316) 285-2054, FAX (316) 285­ The high point of the symposium for and it was decided to include it as an 7491. me. clearly, was the Chapter Presi­ insert in Wagon Tracks (see insert in dent's Breakfast held on Saturday this issue). The Publication Committee morning at 7:00. It was the first of its reported on the publication of a mem­ WAGON TRACKS is tbe official publication kind and was attended by all twelve bership roster (recently distributed) of tbe Santa Fe Trail Association, a non-profit presidents. except one who sent a des­ and noted that work continues on the organization incorporated under tbe laws of tbe State of Colorado. Letters and articles are ignated representative. It was a high­ comprehensive index to WT. The com­ welcome, buttbeybecome tbe propertyofWf energy hour spent on matters ofchap­ mittee also reported on the cost of and may be edited or abridged at tbe editor's ter interest and I was very impressed registering the SFTA as a trademark. discretion. All rights reserved. Inquiries can with the responsiveness. interest. and and it was deCided to apply for trade­ be directed to tbe aplYopriate address below. creative ideas that emerged during the mark registration. On recommenda­ Annual subscriptions are obtained througb meeting. The national officers were tion of tIie committee the compensa­ membership in tbe Association, wbose dues there along with some of the board tion of the Wagon Tracks was in­ are fixed per caleudar year. Cbecks sbould be members and we all got to know one creased to $2,000 per issue for 1996. made payable to tbe Santa Fe Trail Associa­ another better, which will be of great Foreign membership fees were estab­ tion aud sent to tbe secretary-treasurer. future benefit. We will do this again on lished at $10.00 in addition to the fee Membership Categories a regUlar basis. for the membership category selected. Benefactor $1,000 The number and qualityofour chap­ in order to help cover additional post­ Patron $100/year Is age expenses in mailingWTand corre­ Institutional $25/year ters one of the great strengths of Family $20/year It will SFTA. be a pleasure to work with spondence to international members. Indl~dual $15/year them. Harry Myers reported on the 175th However, at the national level some Anniversary Committee plans and re­ Editor: Leo E. Oliva, PO Box 31, Woodston, work needs to be done. Both the chap­ quested a budget of $2.700 to $3.200 KS 67675 (913) 994-6253 ters and Trail need more support from for the committee in 1996 to fund President: Ross Marshall, 6624 Craig Rd, the board and officers. An expanded plaques to recognize the work of the Merriam, KS 66202 (913) 371-2211 agenda and more efficient processes DAR, to publish a curriculum guide to VIQ!·Presklent: Michael L. Olsen, 1729 8tb are badly needed and we will be work­ the Santa Fe Trail being developed by St, us Vegas NM 87701 (505) 454-0383 ing very hard to fulfill our leadership the National Park units aIong the Trail, Sea-etary-Treasurer: Rutb Olson Peters, obligations. Accordingly, we have Southwest Parks and Monuments As­ Santa Fe Trail Center, RR 3, umed, KS scheduled an all-day board meeting at sociation. and the National Park Foun­ 67550 (316) 285-2054 the Trail Center at,Larned on Marcli 2, dation (the guide to be distributed free 1995 Symposium Coordinators: David 1996. As usual, all SFTA members are to school districts along the Trail), and Hutchison, HCR 1 Box 35, Boise City, OK invited to attend. to fund other anniversary activities. 73933 (405)426-2457 I have asked our new vice-president, The board approved up to $2,000 for Dan Sbarp, HCR 1 Box 83, Boise City, OK Mike Olsen. to chair a 2nd Century the curriculum guide, and budgeted 73933 (405) 426-2710 Task Force to examine the way SFTA $1.000 for the committee for 1996. Publklty Coordinator: Micbael E. Pitel, Is organized at the national level and Discussion of the mail ballot in the New Mexico Dept ofTourism, PO Box 20003, recommend changes to help us be election ofofficers and board members Santa Fe NM 87503 (505) 827-7400 stronger by the year 2000. was discussed. Only 319 ballots were Directors: I have also asked Joy Poole to chair received, but there was only one con­ William Y. Cbalfant, Kansas a Revenue Task Force to brainstorm test on the entire ballot. It was noted some additionalstreams ofrevenue for that the problem may not have been Virginia Lee Fisber, Missouri SFTA. Expenses are Justifiably in­ the mail ballot but the lack of compe­ Paoline Fowler, Missouri creasing and our revenues are not. tition, and the nominating committee David Hutchison, Oklaboma Preservation of the Santa Fe Trail Is was encouraged to find more candi­ the basic purpose that has brought us dates in the future as recommended in LeRoy LeDoux, New Mexico together. Committees are being estab­ the bylaws. At least two people re­ Pat O'Brien, Colorado lished to map, mark. research. and ported that nominations they had sub­ Pbil Petersen, Colorado recognize Trail preservation efforts. mitted to the committee had not been Joy Poole, At urge More on this later. acknowledged or included on the bal­ On the lighter Side, we are approach­ lot. Margaret Sears, New Mexico ing our lOth anniversary. Committees The Data Base Committee reported Dave Webb, At urge are being established to compile our that the software package is currently Deanne Wrigbt, Kansas history for the first 10 years and to beingset up and infonnation will soon Tim Zwink, Oklaboma plan ceremonies at the 1997 Sympo- be loaded. Plans for the 1997 sympo-

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sion of the first decade of SFTA. He expressed hope that a history of the Association will be compiled as part of that commemoration. He also plans to appoint a symposium sites committee, a second century task force chaired by Mike Olsen. and a revenue task force chaired by Joy Poole. The membership business meeting was held on September 24 at Great Bend. The treasurer reported a bal­ • ance in the general fund of $58,277.98, and $12,482.39 in the marker fund. Results ofthe mail-ballot election were announced: President Ross Marshall, Vice-President Mike Olsen, Colorado Director Phil Pe­ tersen, Oklahoma Director David John Crump receiving the Award of Jane Mallinson accepting Award of Hutchison, Missouri Director Pauline Merltfrom Ross Marshall. (Photo by Chu­ Merit for National FrontierTrails Center, Fowler. NewMexico Director LeRoy Le­ ck Smith.) (Photo by Chuck Smith.) Doux. Kansas Director Deanne Wright, and At-Large Director Dave Webb. Petersen, LeDoux, and Wright ~: are new directors. l ! Resolutions of thanks were offered i for retiring President Bill Pitts and to the Santa Fe Trail Center for services rendered to SFTA. Special thanks were extended to Steve Linderer and all those who worked to make the 1995 symposium a success. The newly-elected governing board met on September 24 for a brief meet­ ing. A committee was authorized to draft a four-year agreement between SFTA and the Fort Larned Historical Society (Santa Fe Trail Center) to con­ tinue the SFTA headquarters at the Don Cress accepting Award of Merit for Deanne Wright presented an Award of Trail Center and report at the March 2, Heart of the Flint Hills Chapter from Merit by Ross Marshall. (Photo by Chuck 1996 meeting. President Marshall re­ Ross Marshall. (Photo by Chuck Smith.) Smith.) quested .that all committees make a report before the March 2 meeting. New Mexico Territorial Governor James S. Calhoun who died on the SFTAAWARDS Trail. Deanne Wright, Council Grove, (continued from page 1) KS, was recognized for her series of John and Mona Crump, Lakin, KS, Trail programs on KKSU radio. received an Award of Merit for preser­ Leo E. Oliva, Woodston, KS, was se­ vation and extensive improvements at lected for his Fort Union and the Fron­ the site of Indian Mound in Kearny tier Anny in the Southwest. Bill Chal­ County. The Heart of the Flint Hills fant, Hutchison, KS, received the Chapter, led byPresident Don Cress of award for his recent Dangerous Pas­ Council Grove, KS, was recognized for sage: The Santa Fe Trail and the Mexi­ its large membership and many activi­ can War. ties, including marking ruts and the FollOWing the Awards of Merit, spe­ '~. annual ride alonga good portion ofthe cial appreciation plaques were pre­ Trail. sented to retiring President Bill Pitts Susan McConnell and the 4th Grade (who had left the conference early to _. Class ofBandelier Elementary School, attend a funeral) and Symposium Co­ Bill Chalfant presented an Award of Albuquerque, NM, prepared a Santa ordinator Steve Linderer. Merit by Ross Marshall. (Photo by Chuck Fe Trail quilt now the property of the The latest SFTA Ambassador is Smith.) Museum of New Mexico. The Friends Harry C. Myers, superintendent ofFort of the National Frontier Trails Center, Union National Monument and chair­ The Jack D. Rittenhouse Memorial Independence, MO, received the award man of the SFTA 175th Anniversary Stagecoach Award for lifetime achieve­ for the development of Santa Fe Trail Committee. He joins an august am­ ment in research and writingabout the exhibits. bassadorial corps that includes Paul Santa Fe Trail was presented to Pau­ Mary Jean Cook, Santa Fe, NM. was Bentrup, Les Vilda, Katharine B. line (Polly) Fowler, Independence, MO. honored for her research and writing Kelley, Ralph Hathaway, David Clap­ The audience gave her a standingova­ and for erecting the marker honoring saddle, and Jesse Scott. tion.

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CHALFANT HONORED BILL Chalfant, SFTA board member and recipient of an SFTA Award of Merit for his recent book Dangerous Passage: The Santa Fe 'fraU and the Mexican War (University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), was presented an award by Westerners International for the same publication. Chalfant, Hutchin­ son, KS, is a member of the Kansas Corral of the Westerners. Congratula­ tions Bill. His prize-winning book, by the way, is still available through the SFTA Last Chance Store or at your local bookstore. , f < WAGON TRAINS ! I byLesVUda . Steve L1nderer receiving a plaque of • recognition and thanks from Ross Mar­ THE following names and addresses shall for his stellarservice as 1995sym­ are contacts for wagon trains and/or posium coordinator. (Photo by Chuck horseback trips during the 175th an­ Smith.) niversary. There may be more later. Dixon Hayes, RR 1 Box 197, Higgins­ ville MO 64037, traveling in 1996. Roger Patton, 947 Federal Ct, Mead­ ville PA 16335, traveling in 1996. Don Cress, RR 1 Box 66, Council Mary Gamble and Marian Meyer met at Grove KS 66846, traveling in 1996 in the symposium to discuss their com­ conjunction with the program series of mon ancestry, (Photo by Leo Gamble.) the Kansas State Historical Society. Cress will send more information later. COUSINS UNITED AT David Hutchison, HCR 1 Box 35, Boise City OK 73933, is planning a THE SYMPOSIUM wagon train for the 1997 symposium. ONE of the many interesting stories CALL FOR PAPERS from the 1995 symposium was the meeting of two distant cousins, Mary THE Historical Society of New Mexico Gamble of Springfield, CO (member of will hold its 1996 annual conference SFTA board of directors who retired on the campus of New Mexico High­ this year), and Marian Meyer of Santa lands University, Las Vegas, NM, April Fe, NM (author of Mary Donoho: New 18-20, 1996. The year is the 175,th First Lady of the Santa Fe Trail). Both Harry C. Myers receiving a plaque and anniversary of the "opening" of the are charter members of SFTA, both being Invested as an SFTA Ambassador Santa Fe trade and the 150th anniver­ have written articles for Wagon Tracks, by Ross Marshall. (Photo by Chuck saryofthe Mexican-American War. Pa­ and each has attended every sympo­ Smith.) pers and sessions on the history of sium but one. They met for the first these events, the people involved, and time, however, at Larned. the effect they had on New Mexico are They had only recently discovered especially welcome. Proposals should their mutual ancestor, Revolutionary be sent to Robert J. Torrez, Historical War patriot Ambrose Brewer, a scout Society of New Mexico, PO Box 1912, from North Carolina. Brewer, inCiden­ Santa FE NM 87504, phone (505) 827­ tally, lived to be 102. , 7332. I The two cousins learned oftheir fam­ SMITHSONIAN TOUR ily connection through correspon­ SCHEDULED AGAIN dence with a third cousin in Virginia. That cousin, who was researching her i SMITHSONIAN Associates has sched­ background to join the DAR, had cor­ I uled a 175th anniversary tour of the responded with Mary Gamble, an ac­ I ! Santa Fe Trail for July 19-28, 1996. A tive member and officer of DAR. Mar­ similar tour organized for September Ian Meyer had also been correspond­ 't 1995 was cancelled because of low ing with the same third cousin. With enrollment. Leo E. Oliva will serve as the connection made, Mary and Mar­ tour leader in 1996. Plans are to follow ian planned to meet at the symposium, the Trail from the site ofFranklin, MO, where theyspent a lot oftime together. to Santa Fe, NM, via the Mountain Marian will now complete her applica­ Leo E. Oliva receiving an Award of Merit Route. For more information contact tion for membership in DAR, the or­ from Ross Marshall. (Photo by Leo Gam­ Amy Ritchie, Smithsonian Associates, ganization that marked the Santa Fe ble.) at (202) 357-4800, ext. 220. Trail in the early part of this century.

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PERSPECTIVE ON NEW I . .~ .' - MEXICO MADONNA STATUE I ; \ j THOSE who enjoyed Jane Mallison's .•, fine article about the selection of the - '1""1.... :~¥,'" .".;.~. \:~"> location for the Daughters of the . ~'- American Revolution Madonna of the r- "";.(\ Trail statue in New Mexico (Aug. 1995 WT) may find the following commen­ • tary of interest. This column, titled • Mp .C. art's price may be too high," writ­ ten byJayMUler atSanta Fe. appeared in the Socorro. NM, Defensor-Chief­ tain. June 14. 1995, and is reprinted •I here without pennission. Pioneer women have a tough time in northern New Mexico---especially ifthey're big statues dressed in calico and wearing a bonnet. Back in the '205, the Historic Trails As­ sociation tried to give Santa Fe a 10-foot tall concrete Madonna of the Trail to com­ memorate Santa Fe's location at the end of the Santa Fe Trail. Locals, the mostvociferous ofwhom was an Anglo woman resident of three years, objected that the Chihuahua Trail and its Harry C. Myers, center, Is often In trouble. Even though he has survived two heart predecessor EI Camino Real, was much attacks and was named an Ambassador at the symposium, he could not stop being more culturally representative of the com­ offensive. Because of Harry's remarks about "Texlcans" In his program presenta­ munity and, therefore, the statue should tion, Texas Ranger Jerry Hays, right, attempted to arrest and escort him to Texas depict an Hispanic woman draped in a to answer charges. However a U.S. soldier, Don Hutchison, left, Intervened and shawl and certainly not toting a gun. Be­ saved Harry's hide. Hutchison was to escort Ranger Hays back to the Republic of sides that it was bad art. Texas because he had no Jurisdiction In the US. (Photo by Lavem Hays.) Many of the same objections recently have been raised about a 7-foot bronze resenting other cultural groups? This statue commemorates a woman SCUlpture donated to New Mexico High­ On the grounds of New Mexico's state who has moved down the Santa FeTrail all lands University by artist Burke Rutherford. capitol stands a magnificent sculpture of the way from Independence, Mo. When the But this donation has some major differ­ three Indian women waterbearers. So far Santa Fe protectors of ethnic and artistic ences. no one has suggested that what the display purity kicked her out-along with a swift Most importantly, the sculpture was a needs is a woman in a calico dress and kick in the shin to Harry Truman, the do­ learning project for foundry students at the bonnet carrying a galvanized pail. nors' representative-she didn't complain university who put in 730 hours oftheir own about moving another 60 miles pastthe end labor. I don't know how many foundries or In a state that boasts of triculturalism in ofthetrail to find a homefor herselfand the foundry education programs New Mexico its tourist promotions and even its flag sa­ two children who accompany her. lute, it won't be long before someone in has, but most SCUlptors I know send their There's no telling what will happen next work to foundries in southern Colorado or authority realizes the need for three Anglo and three Hispanic women on that comer to Highlands University's embattled pio­ other states. So it's good to see New Mex­ neer woman, but it probably won't be easy ico getting into the business. also. The price of politically correct art in public places is about to go up. on her either. Critics ofthe Highlands statue say it's not Ifthe Madonna ofthe Trail is any indica­ complete until a Hispanic and an American Fortunately, a good friend in the news tion, she's going to have to sow those Indianwoman are placed with it. Otherwise, business has the perfect solution to that seeds of leaming for many more decades, it doesn't get the message across. problem. She notes it is clothing that iden­ and maybe in many different places. The director of university relations says tifies distinctive cultures, so the state • the statue, which depicts a woman scatter­ should require nude statues. That way, one ERROR CORRECTED ing seeds from her apron, is to honor all figure is sufficient. women who came west and sowed the Ethnic and historic complaints would be THE Michael Snell who wrote and re­ seeds of learning. It wasn't intended to eliminated. Sure, prudes would be a prob­ corded the song, MThe Santa Fe Trail," .~ represent Anglo women or any other ethnic lem, until they are reminded that nudes are reported in the last issue, is not the group, she says. very artistic. same Michael Snell who is the son of Obviously, the calico dress and bonnet Meanwhile, the Madonna of the Trail is former SFTA President Joe Snell, as immediately bring to mind an Anglo pioneer about to be homeless again. After being was mistakenly reported. woman, but so what? If the message is rejected by Santa Fe and ending up in It was a shock to discover there is cultural diversity, then it is incomplete. But Albuquerque's McClellan Park, MayorMar­ more than one Michael Snell. The one adding just two more cultures won't make tin Chavez now wants to move her out to with the songwas selling recording'> at it complete in some people's minds either. make room for a public building ora parking the symposium where your editor Is it really necessary that every statue of lot or some other such progress. He prom­ learned he is not the one belonging to a woman in northem New Mexico be ac­ ises a new home for her close by. All the Joe and Ruth Snell. Apologies to all companied by a host offellow females rep- homeless have heard that one before. concerned.

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NEW MEXICO STUDENTS TRAVEL THE TRAIL, 1832-1880

List ofNames CompHed by John Coulligan

Edited with Additional Biographical and Other Data by Mary Jean Cook

THE Santa Fe Trail was more than a Albuquerque. ico). Returned to New Mexico in 1862. route of commerce, military expedi­ Armijo, Juan J •• - Baptized Mar. 13. Engaged in freighting for several years tions. and westward migration. It was 1846, son of Juan Cristobal Armijo· to Leavenworth. Kansas City, Chihua­ an avenue of cultural exchange and and Juana Chaves, Albuquerque. hua. El Paso. Tucson. and Prescott. In educational opportunities. A number Brother [bro.) of Nestor and Nicolas T. late 1860s established a general mer­ ofNewMexican families sent theirchil­ SLU, 1856-57. 1859-60. Married Dol­ chandise store with brother Jesus Ar­ dren to the United States to attend ores Gutierrez (age 15). Died Nov. 1878 mijo in Las Cruces and later in Albu­ school. The following Ust of male stu­ (age 32) of Bright's Disease. querque. when he resumed freighting dents who crossed the Trail from New again until 1880. Served three terms Mexico to attend school in St. Louis. Armijo, Juan Cristobal· - Baptized as Bernalillo County sheriff until MO. during the years 1832 to 1880. Sept. 20. 1852. son of Nicolas T. Ar­ 1884, member of Albuquerque city was compiled at the archives of St. mijo· and Juana Chaves. Albuquer­ council. and delegate to first constitu­ Louis University (SLU) and the Chris­ que. SLU. 1880-81. Attended St. tional convention in 1889. Died Sept. tian Brothers Academy (CBA). Many of Mary's College in Calif. Possibly con­ 23. 1913. the students were from prominent New fused with Juan Armijo (above). Died Nov. 14. 1912. Ascarate, Ansstaclo - Of Las Cruces. Mexican families and represent sons of SLU, 1871-72. [Related to Repre­ Chihuahua-Santa Fe Trail traders. Armijo, Mariano de JesUs - Born Oct. sentative W. R. Ascarate of34th Legis­ some of whom also became traders. 13. 1852, son ofAmbrosio Armijo· and lature?) JackCoulligan. a retired businessman Candelaria Griego Otero, Albuquer­ from Las Cruces, NM, a memher ofthe que. Attended St. Michael's College. Baca, Amado Cabeza de - Called Armijo family, generously allowed Santa Fe, and SLU. 1862-63. Married Amado L. Baca in SLU records, son of Mary Jean Cook to edit and enlarge his Dolores (Lola) Chaves, daughter of [Francisco) Tomas Baca. Pena Blanca, original list. Jose Francisco Xavier Chaves· and or son of Antonio Baca and Maria de Mary Bowie. One of several owners of los Angeles (daughter of Jose Maria The names are listed in alphabetical Gutierrez and Manuela Chaves). Per­ order. Names found in Louise Barry's the New Mexico Town Company, the railroad corporation which in early haps married Carlota Gonzales. SLU, Beginning oftheWest are marked byan 1864-66; 1868-69 (records show an asterisk. Missingfrom the Barryindex. 1880s developed prime property sur­ rounding the railroad in Albuquerque. Amado Baca of Pena Blanca, son of however, is the name of Yrisarri. a Antonio). prominent New Mexico name in the Armijo, Nestor· - Born in 1831. Los Chihuahua-SFT trade. Padillas, son ofJuan Cristobal Armijo· Daca, Anastaclo - Of Pena Blanca. and JuanaChaves. SLU, 1841. Gradu­ CBA. 1866-67. Alarid, Nepomuceno - Called Alario, Santa Fe. Parent or guardian. Jsaiah ated from CBA, returning to New Mex­ Baca, Andres Cabeza de - Son of [sic). SLU, 1831-34. ico to direct one ofthe first great sheep Tomas or Francisco Tomas Baca and drives to California. Settled in Las Cru­ Gertrudes Lucero de Baca. Brother of Armijo, Carlos H. - Son of Nestor Ar­ ces around 1867 when he built one of Amado and Marcos. mijo· and Josefa Yrisarri, Las Cruces. the first hotels-the Don Bernardo. Baca, Antonio D. - SLU, 1871-74. CBA. 1860s (incomplete records). Was a merchant and rancher who had Baca, AntonioJ. - SLU, 1869-72. Pos­ Armijo, ERas - Born Aug. 4, 1861, son a sense of responsibility for the public welfare. Related to Gov. Manuel Ar­ sibly the Antonio Jaramillo Baca who of Ambrosio Armijo· and Candelaria shot and killed a jail guard dUring an Griego, Albuquerque. SLU, 1875-76. mijo·. Married Josefa Yrisarri (died Dec. 1906 in Las Cruces), daughter of escape attempt in Socorro. He was 1878-79. Completed commercial arrested for the murder of Anthony J. course on June 28. 1880; post-gradu­ Mariano Yrisarri·. The Nestor Armijo house still stands in Las Cruces. Conklin. editor of the Socorro Sun, on ate work 1881- 82. Died Jan. 7, 1938. Christmas Eve 1880. Antonio J. Baca Armijo, JesUs B. - Also known as Jose Armijo, Nicohls T. - Also known as was shot to death dUring a confronta­ Armijo. Born Mar. 21, 1847, son of Nicolas Tolentino Armijo. Born Dec. 4. tion provoked by ethnic hatred. Ambrosio Armijo· and Candelaria [Gri­ 1835. son of Juan Cristobal Armijo· and Juana Chaves, Los Gallegos. SLU, Baca, Benito - Born at Canon de Je­ ego) Otero. Albuquerque. SLU, 1859­ meso March 1848. and raised in Upper 1852-54; dismissed April 4, 1856. for I 63. Married Angelita Samaniego (died Las Vegas. San Miguel County. Son of Jan. 4, 1893). Children: Josephine, going into town and staying overnight. Married Barbara Chaves. Juan Maria Baca and Guadalupe Gal­ Leonard, Ambrosio. Tillie, Laura. and legos, Las Vegas. Received English in­ Belle. Armijo, Pedro or Juan Pedro orPedro struction from Milnor F. Rudolph of Armijo, Jose Justo - Baptized Sept. Presillano - Born Dec. 24, 1849, son Rinc6n del Tecolote. now Rociada. At­ 20, 1852. son of Juan Cristobal Ar­ of Juan Cristobal Armijo· and Juana tended St. Michael's College, Santa Fe, mijo· and Juana Chaves, Albuquer­ Chaves. SLU. 1859-62; CBA, 1862 (in­ for 2 years. SLU. 1866-68. In 1868 que. Attended CBA with nephew. Car­ complete records). 1864-65. accepted a position in Hays City, Ks.• los H. Armijo. Claimed to have at­ Armijo, Perfecto· - Born Feb. 20. with new firm of Otero and Sellar, tended SLU for 8 years, however, 1845. son of Ambrosio Armijo· and working 3 years. Married Emelia Otero school catalogs indicate only 1862-63 Candelaria [Griego) Otero. Albuquer­ (daughter of Manuel Antonio Otero· and 1869-70. Married Beatriz Perea in que. SLU, 1857-60 (obit. states four and his third wife, Dolores Chaves). 1875 (daughterofJose Leandro Perea· yrs.• until outbreak ofCivil War). Mar­ Died June 21, 1879, at La Constancia. and Dolores Chaves). In Dec. 1881 a ried Febronia Garcia (born Casas Valencia County. at age 30 after wag­ director of the First National Bank of Grandes or possibly Chihuahua, Mex- inga political campaign as Republican

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delegate to Congress. Elected a member ofthe first NewMex­ cisco Chaves. Bonifacio died as a Baca, David - Son of Antonio, Pefia ico State legislature in Nov. 1911 and young man; his widow became a nun. Blanca. SLU, 1868-70. made Speaker of the first House of Chaves, Francisco D. P. - Son of J. Representatives. Baca, Domingo - Son ofTrinidad, Pefia Patricio Chaves. Los Angeles. SLU, Blanca. SLU. 1864-66. Baca, Valentino - Born 1854 in 1875 (age 19); 1877-78 (age 21). [The Cubero, BernalllloCounty. SLU, 1870­ Frank Chaves murdered in Santa Fe Baca, Domingo N. - Possibly brother 75. Described as "one of the best edu­ on May 31. 1892?) of Vicente; if so, the son of Romualdo cated men" in the New Mexico House Chaves, J. Francisco - Born June 27, Baca (son of Vicente Baca and Fran­ of Representatives during his first 1833. Los Padillas. Son of Mariano clsca Montoya) and Teresa Gutierrez term in 1895. Served as justice of the (daughter ofJose Maria Gutierrez and Chaves (chief of staff under Governor peace, school director. and 1889­ Manuel Armijo in 1837) and Dolores • Manuela Chaves). SLU, 1871-74. 1891 chairman ofthe board of county Perea; grandson of Governor Fran­ Baca, Eleuterio - Born Feb. 20, 1853, commissioners. In 1895 a member of cisco Xavier Chaves and stepson of in Upper Las Vegas, son ofJuan Maria the committee on Indian affairs and Civil War Governor Henry Connelly. Baca· and Guadalupe Gallegos. various other House committees. Studiedwith private tutors in Santa Fe Learned to read and write with Jesus Baca, Vicente - Possibly son of M. Bernal, Sim6n Sandoval. and Jose and Peralta, under Professor Mateo Romualdo Baca and Teresa Gutierrez. Umada. along with Miguel A. Otero. Manuel Leyva. Attended St. Michael's Married Margarita Chaves. Vicente College. Santa Fe, 1862, 1864-66. 1st. Manuel R. Otero. and Tomas C. may have become U.S. consul at Pie­ Gutierrez; also attended school in Chi­ SLU. 1867-72; graduated June 27, dras Negras in April 4, 1889. 1872. with highest honors ofhis class huahua. Mexico. SLU, 1841; 1843-46. in the classical courses. Beaubien, Juan Crlst6bal Pablo ­ In the springof 1843 Francisco Perea. Called Paul. Baptized Aug. 24. 1848 Joaquin Perea. and J. Francisco Baca, Epifanio - Son ofTeodoro Baca, [1849?), Taos. Youngest child ofChar­ Chaves traveled over the SFT to Inde­ Las Vegas. SLU, 1864-66. les Beaubien· and Maria Paula Lovato. pendence and on to St. Louis on the Baca, Francisco - SLU, 1869-74. Taos. Brother of Maria Juana, Maria steamboat Oceana. Others traveling Baca, Librado - Son of Sefiora Ger­ Teodora, and Maria Petra. SLU, 1864­ with them were Miguel A. Otero, 1st, trudis. Pefia Blanca. SLU, 1871-73 65. One of the original owners of the Nestor Armijo, Felipe Chaves. and and 1876 (age 18). Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant (Max­ Jose Gutierrez. J. Francisco com­ well Land Grant) in Colfax County. pleted his education in New York City Baca, Luis - OfLas Vegas. CBA. 1867­ Died Dec. 1901, Fort Sumner. a com­ after two years' course in the College 68. paratively poor man. of Physicians and Surgeons. When Baca, Marco Cabeza de - Born April Barela [See also Varela), Estevan Colonel Chaves' father sent him to St. 25, 1857. son of Francisco Tomas Juan - Called John Stephen Barrela. Louis to receive his education he told Baca and Gertrudls Lucero de Baca, Perhaps son ofPabloand Pabla Barela. him: "The heretics are going to over­ Pefia Blanca. CBA. SLU. 1871-73. AlbuqueITlue. SLU, 1856-57, 1858-59. run this country. Go and learn their Married Franclsca Baca (daughter of Perhaps the John Barela who was one language and come back prepared to Antonio Bacaand Maria de los Angeles of petitioners requesting to stay at the defend your people." In 1862 J. Fran­ Gutierrez, Pefia Blanca). college farm during summer vacation cisco took part in the battle ofValverde Baca, Roman A. - Born ?? . Son ofJose in 1858. and later helped to establish Fort Win­ Antonio Baca and Maria de la Luz Bent, Alfred - Born 1836 or Feb. 12, gate, where he was in command for Garcia de Noriega and half brother of 1837(age 6 in 1842). son ofGov. Char­ several years. Mter being mustered Manuel Chavez. Married Ramona La­ les Bent· and Ignacia Jaramillo. SLU. out of the service he began the study badie. Children: Roman L., Rosita, 1846-47. Brother of Maria Estefana of law and was admitted to the bar; in Amada. and Luz. Attended Sf. Mi­ and Maria Teresina. Married Guada­ 1870s was district attorney for the Second Judicial District; delegate from chael's College, Santa Fe. SLU, 1858. lupe [?). Assassinated Dec. 9, 1865. A noted Indian fighter in 1855when he New Mexico to 39th. 40th and 41st served as a captain of volunteers. Bull, Alexander - Son of Thomas J. U.S. Congresses; elected to territorial Called "one of the bravest men New Bull, Mesilla, and Frances de la O. (of council from Valencia County for 15 Mexico has produced." In 1875 served Chihuahua). Brother ofCharles. SLU, consecutive sessions (1875-1905), as Speaker of NM Legislature and a 1868-74. In 1883 Thomas Bull owned serving eight times as president. Took m ember of the House of Repre­ 14,000 grapevines on 35 to 40 acres in great interestin the education ofall the sentatives for several terms. Captain Mesilla. The previous year he stored native children ofNew Mexico. Married in Union Army. Died March 21, 1899, 5.500 gallons of wine and 1,350 gal­ Mary Bowie (died July 6, 1873) in Santa Fe. lons ofgrape brandy in his adobe wine 1857; in 1891 married ?? Whittington vaults. [See trial for murder of A. Lee of Los Lunas. Elected delegate to Con­ • Baca, Roman L. - Born Dec. 31. 1864, Campbell in Mesilla. April 19, 1879. in Cebolleta, Valencia County, son of gress from New Mexico in 1865 and in Mesilla Valley Independent, June 21, 1869; defeated in 1871 by Padre Gal­ Roman A. Baca. Attended St. Michael's 1879.) College, Santa Fe. SLU, 1878-81. At­ legos. J. Francisco was murdered Nov. tended the University of Georgetown, Bull, Charles - Son of Thomas J. Bull, 26, 1904, at Pinos Wells, NM. Mesilla, and Frances de la O. Brother Washington, D.C. Lived at San Mateo, Chaives, Jacobo - Born July 15, 1860, Valencia County, where he owned a of Alexander. SLU. 1868-72. Possibly Valencia County. Son ofFrancisco An­ settled in White Oaks by 1880. general merchandise store and en­ tonio Chaves and Juana Maria gaged in stock raising. Moved to Santa Bustamente, Gabriel- SLU, 1861-62. Chaves. SLU. 1871-74. Also attended Fe in 1892 where a member ofthe city Chaves, BonHacio - Son of Mariano St. Michael's College, Santa Fe. Served council for several terms and as Chaves and Dolores Perea (who later as treasurer ofValencia County, 1894­ mayor; chief clerk of the Territorial married Gov. Henry Connelly). SLU, 96; county clerk, 1895-1900; member House of Representatives. 1899 and 1850-53. Married Carlota Otero Territorial Legislative Council. 1905­ 1901; member of the House again in (daughter of Manuel Antonio Otero 1909; and supt. of insurance ·of New 1903; Speaker of the House in 1907. and Josefa Armijo). BrotherofJ. Fran- Mexico Territory. 1907- 1912.

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Chaves, Jose Felix or Felipe - Also use of English. Luna, Atanascio - Son ofRam6n Luna. known as Jose Phil Chaves. SLU, Jaramlllo, Jose M. - Of Rito. Rio Ar­ SLU, May 15.1860. Drowned atschool 1844-47. riba. Possibly son ofJose JaramUlo (of on July 11, 1860. Chaves, Jose G. - Born Mar. 19. 1843, Los Lunas and killed by Indians near Luna, Enrique - Also known as Henry, son of Francisco A. Chaves, Valencia. Rio Mimbres while returning from Ari­ son of Juan Luna. SLUt 1871-74. In SLUt 1864-65. In 1866 married Maria zona in June 1869) and Trinidad 1871 Jesus Maria Lunawas appointed Luna (daughter of Ram6n Luna). Romero, Los Lunas. SLUt 1877-78(age guardian of Enrique Luna, a minor Chaves, Julian - Possibly brother of 16). Called brother of Telesforo Jara­ whose father was deceased. Francisco Chaves. as both from Los mUlo and Miguela JaramUlo. Married Luna, JesUs - Also known as Jose, son Angeles. SLU, 1878-79. Paulita Maxwell (daughter of Luz of Rafael, Los Lunas, and brother of Chaves, Melquiades - Son of Fran­ Beaubien and Lucien Maxwell·). Antonio. SLUt May 1858-May 1860. cisco Chaves, Pajarito. SLU, 1875-77 Jaramillo, Miguel - Possibly son of Luna, MelquJades - Son of Francisco, (age 13 in 1875). Jose JaramUlo and Trinidad Romero, Pajarito. SLUt 1871-75 (age 13 dUring Delgado, Felipe B.· - Born ca. 1842 in Los Lunas. SLUt 1875 (age 14). 1874-75 term). Brother of Telesforo and Jose M. Cerrillos, son of Manuel Delgado. De­ Luna,-SoJomon - Born Oct. 18, 1858, voted entire life to the mercantile busi­ Jaramillo, Telesforo - Also known as Los Lunas. Son of Antonio Jose Luna ness. and was one of the principal Teodoro. son of Jose JaramUlo and and Isabella Baca. SLUt 1871-72, owners ofmules and ox-trains freight­ Trinidad Romero. SLUt 1864 to possi­ 1874-75. Also attended St. Michael's ing from Santa Fe to Independence bly 1867. Brother of Miguel and Jose College, Santa Fe. In 1881 married and from SantaFe to Chihuahua. Mar­ M. Adelaida Otero (daughter of Manuel ried Lucia Ortiz (daughter of Gaspar Jaramillo, Venceslao - Also known as Rito Otero and Ana Maria Otero). A Ortiz y Alarid). While Felipe B:s name Jeron (possibly Geronimo). Rito. Rio leader of the Republican party in New does not appear on St. Louis records, Arriba. SLU, 1864-67. Possibly Mexico and member of the national a biographical sketch states he was brother ofJose M. JaramUlo sinceboth executive committee. In Oct. 1910 a educated there. The Felipe B. Delgado were from Rito. delegate to the New Mexico Constitu­ house on West Palace. Santa Fe. has Joseph, John C. - Age 3 in 1850, son tional Convention. As the largest been restored and is presently owned of Peter Joseph· and Mary Anna sheep raiser in New Mexico territory by the Historic Santa Fe Foundation. Joseph, Taos. SLU, 1865-66. ran 150,000 sheep, using progressive Died Nov. 22. 1908. methods of cross-breeding introduced Lamy, John B. - Nephew of Arch­ Delgado, Pedro· - Son ofSim6n, Santa bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy. SLUt Feb. by the Anglos. Died Aug. 1912. Fe. SLU, records show 1864-67, but 1884 (age 23), butdissatisfied and left. Luna, Tranqullino - Born June 29, not in catalogs for those years; CBA, Married Mercedes Chaves (daughter of 1847. Son of Antonio Jose Luna y 1866-67 (lncom plete records). By Jose Chaves· and Manuelita Armijo). Gabald6n and Isabella Baca. Los Lu­ 1850 married to Pelegrma Campbell. In Sept. 1879 John B. Lamy murdered nas. Brother ofJesus Maria, Maria de Died Mar. 1881. Fran<;ois Mallet, second architectofSt. la Luz. and Tranquilina. SLU, 1859-60 Gonzales, Francisco - Of Santa Fe. Francis Cathedral, Santa Fe; was ac­ (age 11).1864-65. Mayhave graduated CBA. 1867-68. qUitted by reason of insanity. from the University of Missouri, Co­ lumbia. In late 1860s married Amalia Gutierrez, Federico - Of Santa Fe. Ledoux, David - Son ofJoseph·, Mora. JaramUlo. Died Nov. 20, 1892. SLUt 1848. SLU, 1868-69. Manzanares, Francisco - Born Jan. Gutierrez, Feliciano - Of Santa Fe, Lemon, John Jr. - Born May31. 1851, 25. 1843. son of Jose Antonio Man­ son of Jose Maria Gutierrez and in San Bernardino. CA, son of John zanares and Maria Manuela Valdez. Manuela Chaves. SLUt 1847-53. Lemon· and Luciana Pope. SLU. 1872­ and grandson of Anselm 0 Man­ Brother of Feliciano. Maria de los An­ 74 (prep student). Married Annie Ame­ zanares, Abiquiu. SLUt 1863-64, leav­ geles, and Teresa. Married Placida lia Fento ofNova Scotia. Children: Fred ) ing to attend school in NewYork. Mar­ Montoya (daughter of Miguel Montoya J., David Blaine, Marian. and Lucile. and Andrea Baca. Las Vegas). Chil­ ried Antonia Baca in 1871. Died Sept. Leroux, John B. - Son ofAntoine ler­ dren: Dela, Adelaida, and Adalecia 16. 1904, in Las Vegas. oux· and Juana Catarina Vigil, Taos. [sic]. Martinez, Daniel - Son of Santiago SLUt 1854, leaving dUring 1856-57 Martinez. Taos and Ocate. SLU, 1867­ Gutierrez, Jose - Son of Jose Maria term. Died Aug. 17. 1867. Gutierrez and Manuela Antonia 70. Lewis, Charles - Born ca. 1845. Of Martinez, Jose L. - Son of J. B. Mar­ Chaves. SLU, 1842-46 (began school Peralta, Valencia County, [Possibly at age 12). Father murdered by tinez. Taos. SLU, 1865-67. son ofCharles Lewis*?]. Albuquerque. Apaches in 1846; mother entered con­ CBU, 1867-68. [Related to Julian le­ Martinez, Jose [JesUs) - Son of Jose vent ofthe Sisters ofLoretto, Santa Fe. wis and Leonor Otero.] Died Aug. 7, Maria Martinez. Taos. SLU, 1867-70. Gutierrez, Tomas - Son of Juan 1901 [?]. Montoya, Desiderio - Son of Estanis- Nepomuceno Gutierrez, Jr.• and Bar­ . lao. San Antonio. SLU, 1859-60 (age bara Chavez, Bernalillo. In 1839 at­ LOpez, ? - Son of Damaso L6pez who died in 1852 near Warner's Ranch. CA, 13). tended school at Peralta under Profes­ leaVing four children at school in St. Montoya, Juan - Of Santa Fe. CBA, sor Mateo Umada. SLUt 1847-53. Mar­ 1868-69. ried Feliciana Armijo (daughter of Louis. Juan Crist6bal Armijo· and Juana Lujan, Jose T. - Brother of Francisco. Otero, Adolfo Gregorio - Son of Anto­ Chaves). Children: Rosa (manied Tho­ Mora. SLU. 1876-77 (age 22). nio Jose Otero and Gertrudis Chaves. mas Hubbell) and Tomas Gutierrez Luna, Antonio - Son of Rafael and Peralta. An Adolfo Otero at SLU. 1867­ (married CandelariaYrisarri. daughter Dolores Luna. Brother of Jesus Luna. 69. and called son of M. A. [Otero) of of Mariano Yrissari·). In 1860 Tomas SLU, 1858-59 (age 13). Children: De­ Sheridan, Kansas; would therefore be made many speeches in the New Eng­ lorida, Jesus, Carlota. and Procepio. [If the son of Miguel Antonio Otero·. land states in support ofAbraham Lin­ Antonio Jose Luna and father ofTran­ Otero, Manuel (Rito?) - Son ofJose or coln; said to have been perfect in his quillinos Luna. died Dec. 20, 1881.] Antonio Jose Otero and Francisca

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Chaves. Peralta. SLU. 1851-59. tain [Antonio) Sena, a Mexican dra­ eral other prominent New Mexicans, Otero, ManuelBasilio - Son ofManuel goon who came to Santa Fe. In 1838­ journeyed over the Santa Fe Trail to Antonio Otero and his third wife, Dol­ 1839, prior to traveling to St. Louis. the Missouri River early in the spring ores Chaves. SLU. 1873-74. Attended Francisco attended school at Los Ran­ of the year 1854. After providing pas­ Heidelberg University in Germany. In chos de Alburquerque taught by Pro­ turage for the teams and leaving team­ 1879married Eloisa Luna (daughter of fessor Feliz Benevidez, from Carrizal, sters to care for them, several of the Antonio Jose Luna and Isabella Baca, Mexico. SLU, 1841-45. party continued on to St. Louis, where and sister ofTranquilino and Solomon Francisco returned to New Mexico in merchandise, harness, and wagons Luna). Killed in 1883. His widow, the fall of 1845 with the caravan of were purchased for the return trip. Eloisa Luna de Otero, married Alfred Francisco Elguea·. ofChihuahua. Was Again in the spring ofthe year 1855. a trip was made over the same route. • Bergere. at his fatber's house in Bernalillo when Otero, Miguel Antonio - Born June General Kearny visited there shortly This time young Perea not only ex­ 21, 1829, Plaza of Valencia. Son of after the arrival of the Americans in tended his journey to St. Louis, but 1846. A banquetwas given bythe elder continued on to New York, where he \ Vicente Otero and Gertrudis Chaves. • SLU, Sept. 1841 until Mexican War Perea for the general and his officers purchased a large supply of merchan­ interrupted his schooling. Later went (numbering 50) who also spent the dise. On his return Perea bought in St. to Pinetree School at Fishkill Village, night. Kearny offered to appoint Juan Louis two sewing machines and two N.Y. Taught there; became a lawyer, Dolores Perea governor ofthe territory. cook stoves. the first of the kind delegate to Congress, and governor of an offer he declined. brought to New Mexico....• New Mexico for 9 years. Assisted in In the spring of 1847 Francisco and Francisco was elected four times to gainingcharter for AT&SF to build into Joaquin Perea were placed in a New the territorial legislature between New Mexico, becoming a vice-presi­ York school under Professor Hincincle 1851 and 1884. He took part in the dent. Married Mary Josephine Black­ Peuhne, formerly a captain of artillery battle ofGlorieta at the time ofthe Civil wood. Children: Mamie Josephine, M. in Napoleon's army, who was head­ War. Married Dolores Otero (died A. Jr.• Page Blackwood, and Gertrude master of the academy. Upon Fran­ 1866). In 1875 married Gabriela Mon­ Vicentla. cisco's return to New Mexico, he ar­ toya (daughter of Geronimo Montoya Otero, Miguel Antonio Jr. - Born Oct. rived in Cbicago to witness the great and Lupita Perea). Died in 1913. 17. 1859, St. LoUis. Son of Miguel fire of May 17, 1849, and during an Perea, Jacobo - Son of Jose Leandro Antonio Otero and Mary Josephine outbreak of cholera. At Westport the Perea· and Dolores Chaves. Bernalillo. Blackwood. Children: Miguel Antonio, Perea-Connelly party found them­ CBA. 1870(age 12). SLU, 1878-79 (age Miguel Antonio N (married Katherine selves amid "a mass of humanity, 17). Lived in Algodones. Stinson), and Elizabeth Emmett. beasts of burden, vehicles of almost Perea, Joaquin - Son of Juan· and Otero, Page Blackwood - Born Jan. every description, tents, camping out­ brother ofFrancisco Perea. SLU, 1841 14, 1858, Washington. D.C. Son of fits, and camp fires. Here were many (age 9). 1844-45. Never married. Miguel Antonio Otero and Mary gold seekers on their way to California, Francisco and Joaquin traveled the Josephine Blackwood. SLU, 1869- 72. lured by the report of the discovery of SFT in the spring of 1843. arriving In 1876-77. Also attended Notre Dame, gold in that state. Cholera. the prevail­ St. Louis on the steamboat Oceana. 1877. ing epidemic, was raging fUriously in the camps of the latter class. Many Perea, Jose Leandro Jr. - Probablythe Otero, Ramon - SLU. 1840-41. were buried without the simplest form Jose Perea (age 8) in St. Michael's Col­ Otero, Vicente - Son of Juan Otero offuneral service.... The trip from the lege. Santa Fe, 1870. SLU, 1871-73. and Gertrudis Chaves. SLU, 1849-54. Missouri river to Bernalillo was with­ Married Adelaide Yrisarri (daughter of Married Teresa Otero (daughter ofAn­ out incident worthy of notice other Mariano Yrisarri· and Manuela Ar­ tonio Jose Otero). Children: Dolores, than the near encounter of a large mijo). Children: Josephine (married lrv Leonor, Enrique, Heraclia, and band of Comanche Indians, who had, Townsend Berhard) and Miguel (killed Caroline. a few hours before, held up Preston in an airplane accident). Perea, Alejandro - Son of Alejandro Beck's caravan, going west, for a large Perea, Juan L. - Son of Julian, so Perea and Marianita Otero. SLU, tribute of flour, bacon, sugar. and cof­ probably brother of Elias Perea. SLU. 1861-62. Brother of Col. Francisco fee, and had killed two of his finest 1866-67. Perea. grandson of Juan Perea and mules.... Ten days after the arrival at Perea, Mariano - Son ofJose Leandro· Josefa Chaves and Antonio Jose Otero home. young Pereaand his uncle. Jose and Dolores Chaves. Bernalillo. SLU, and Francisca Chaves (Josefa and Leandro Perea, with twenty large wag­ 1874-77(prep student), 1876 (age 18). ons well loaded with dry goods. set out Francisca were sisters and daughters Perea, Pedro - B. 1852. son of Jose of Francisco Xavier Chaves and Ana for Durango, Mexico. Leandro· and Dolores Chaves, Ber­ • Maria Alvarez del Castillo). "Several weeks were spent in Chi­ nalillo. SLU. 1865-66. 1870-75. Mar­ Perea, ERas L. - Son of Julian Perea huahua, where a part ofthe merchan­ ried Emelia Montoya of Las Vegas and Maria Dolores I?). SLU, 1866-67; dise was sold. before pressing on to (daughter of Miguel Montoya and An­ CBA. 1869-70. their destination. The return home. drea Baca). Child: Abel. Perea, [Col.] Francisco - Born Jan. 9, which they reached about the end of Pool, Cruz - Perhaps son of James the year. was without incident. Young 1830, Los Padillas. Son of Juan Dol­ Pool· ofSanta Fe. CBA, 1868-70. ores Perea· and Josefa Chaves, and Perea made several other trips to the Puebla, Luis - SLU. 1861-62. grandson of Governor Francisco interior ofMexico in caravans ofmany Xavier Chaves. Brother ofJoaquin and wagons loaded with various kinds of Romero, Benigno - Born ca. 1850. son Jose Inez. Earlyschoolingin New Mex­ dry goods purchased in the eastern of Miguel Romero y Baca and Maria ico dUring 1836 and 1837. conducted markets. These hesold and exchanged Gregoria Josefa Delgado, Las Vegas. by Professor Jose Gutierrez, with Ne­ for Mexican commodities which he CBA. Became a pharmacist. owning stor Armijo. Jose Gutierrez, and brought home for the New Mexican stores in Las Vegas. Albuquerque. and Joaquin Perea also attending. During trade.... El Paso. 1837-38 attended school under Cap- "Young Perea, in company with sev- Romero, Flavio - Son of Miguel

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Romero and Placida Luna, Los Lunas. Taos. SLU. 1865-66. Perea (daughter of Julian Perea and SLU. 1874-77 (prep student), 1876 Varela lSee also Barela), Contestabo NestoraLucero) on May 27, 1885. (age 18). - Son of Paul Barela. Albuquerque. Yrlsarrl, Jacobo· - Born Oct. 12, 1862, Romero, Margarito - Born Feb. 22, SLU. 1857 (age 14). son of Mariano Yrisarri and Manuelita 1851. Santa Fe County. Son of Miguel Varela, Mariano - Of Santa Fe and Armijo. Albuquerque. SLU. 1875.leav­ Romero and Josefa Delgado. Attended called the son ofAnastasio. SLU. 1856. ingwdissatisfied" at end ofyear. Evelyn private schools in Santa Fe and gradu­ Records show Mariano wVerila" was of Downey Yrisarri (daughter-in-law) ated from St. John's Commercial Col­ Albuquerque in 1855-58 in student stated that Jacobo also attended CBA, lege, 1872, St. Louis. Entered mercan­ catalogs. later attending Villanova College, tile business as a clerk in Las Vegas in Philadelphia. He was called home from . 1873. Owned Romero Mercantile Co. Vigil, Epifanio - Of Santa Fe. SLU, Villanova due to his father's illness in 1880 and EI Porvenir resort and 1851-52. and assisted in the merchandising sawmills; also had mining interests. Vigil, Flavio - OfLemitar. CBA. 1866­ business until his father's death. Mar­ Tax collector of San Miguel County, 67. ried Barbara Perea (daughter of Jose 1899-1901. and mayor of Las Vegas, Leandro Perea· and Dolores Chaves) in 1902-06. Vigil, Severo - Of Limitar. son of Manuel and Isabel Vigil. SLU, 1857­ the private chapel on the Perea estate Romero, Placido - Of Socorro. SLU, 60. Signed a petition (twice) asking to in Bernalillo. 1851-53. stay at the college farm during sum­ Yrlsarrl, Manuel· - Son of Mariano Salazar, Miguel- SLU. 1871-72. mer vacation in 1858. During 1859-60 Yrisarri and his first wife. JuanaOtero. Albuquerque. Father was a leading Samaniego, Mariano Gil - Born July term was in Humanities Third Class 26, 1844. Bavispe, Sonora, son ofBar­ (Greek grammar, English grammar, merchant of the Southwest, owning a chain of stores, a ranch near Albu­ tolo Samaniego and Ysabel Luna. exercises, elocution, arithmetic. geog­ querque, and another at Las Cruces. Family moved to Mesilla in late 1851. raphy of North America, history of the SLU, 1858-60. In 1868 married Dol­ U.S., and catechism), as a part of the Mariano owned wagon trains which traveled from New Orleans to Kansas ores Aguirre of Las Cruces. Became a six-year classical studies course. Dur­ City. to Albuquerque, and down to prominent Mexican-American leader ing 1860-61 term was in Second Hu­ Vera Cruz. Mexico. and back to New in Tucson. Ariz. manities Section (Latin and Greek grammar. Caesar. English grammar. Orleans. SLU, May 3, 1852-54. A letter Sanchez, J08eS. - SLU, 1875-76. Pos­ historyofEngIand, geographyofSouth in his file reads: sibly brother of Tomas Sanchez. America and Europe. arithmetic from wSt. Louis Api 25 1854 sanchez, Tomas - SLU, 1875-76. Pos­ fractions Wto the end." and catechism). wRev. Fr. [John Baptiste) Druyts [Vlce­ sibly brother ofJose S. Sanchez. Severo Vigil's bill of account was sent President of SLU) to Glasgow & Bros.; the bill for Sept. 7. Sandoval, Pedro M. - Son ofFlorencio, WMr. Yrisarri wishes to send Manuel to Algodones. SLU, 1876-79. 1859, included charges from Feb. 28 the College at Cincinnati, and wishes to Sept. 1 (shoes $2.50; blacking 10 Sarraclno, Pedro - Son of Juan Anto­ to close his account. Please send his cents; arithmetic book 75 cents; soap nio Saracino·, Albuquerque. SLU, accountand also that ofNicolas Armijo ten cents; second pair of shoes $2.50; 1864-65. for settlement. third pair of shoes $2.50; and a Span­ Silva, Eduardo - Among students who ish dictionary $1.50). Pocket money wYours very respectfully left SLU in 1876-77. $9.50 to date, and $11.00 for the ses­ W/ s / Edw J Glasgow Stephenson, Albert· - Possibly a sion. The charge for spending the va­ WI will dispatch Mr. [Lewis) Flottes boys brother of Horace Stephenson. SLU, cation at school was $25.00. Another in four or five days. 1849-51 (age 10). bill dated Feb. 4. 1860, notes charges W/s/ EJG Stephenson, Horace IF.)· - Born of $151.60 which included Latin and March 3 I. 1834, Paseo del Norte [EI Greek grammar $2.15. Latin diction­ wPlease let me know what is the usual Paso), Mexico. Son of Hugh Stephen­ ary $1.50, Graeca minora $1.00. and expenses of a boy of Manuel's age at son (born in Kentucky). discoverer of U.S. history 15 cents [books). the Cincinnati College. /s/ EJG" celebrated Stephenson-Bennett silver Yrisarrl, Eugenio· - Born May 12, lode in Dona Ana County; owner of 1862, son of Mariano Yrisarri and his BIBLIOGRAPHY two-thirds interest in the Brazito second wife, Manuelita Armijo. Half­ Albuquerque Journal. Grant. of which he leased a square brother ofManuelYrisarri and brother Allison, W. H. 'Colonel Francisco Perea," Old Santa Fe. mile ofit in 1851 to the federal govern­ of Jacobo Yrisarri. Attended St. Mi­ 1 (Oct. 1913). ment for 20 years for an astonishing chael's College. Santa Fe, for 5 years. Archiws of the Archdiocese of santa Fe. $200,000; called friend and compan­ SLU, 1875 (age 13). Placed in rudi­ ion ofCol. St. Vrain and Gov. Connelly. Bany, Louise. The Beginning ofthe West. Topeka: Kan­ ments category, and received an award sas State Historical Society, 1972. SLU. 1849-52. with a Mr. White as for excellence in deportment of Junior guardian. Also attended Columbia Baxter, John. Los CBrnaderos. Albuquerque: University Group in 1876. Eugenio graduated of New Mexico Press, 1987. . College. Since 1854 engaged in freight­ from Notre Dame in 1882. receiving ing business in Mexico. Texas, and Bloom, Maude MeRe. "A History of Mesilla Valley." honors both as an athlete and scholar. Masters Thesis, 1903, New Mexico State University, New Mexico. retiring to cattle and Entered wool-growing profession in Las Cruces. sheep-raising in 1879 (stl1llisted as a which his forefathers became success­ Curry, Ella Banegas and Shan Nichols. Our Heritage. freighter on 1880 U.S. Census). Ap­ ful. In 1888 elected assessor for Santa Our People. [Las Cruces), N.P., e 1974. pointed clerk of Dona Ana County. Fe County. In 1938 (age 70). rode a Haines, Helen. History of New Mexico. New York: New Married Simona Dutton on Nov. 5. carriage in downtown Albuquerque. Mexico Historical Publishing Co., 1891. 1859 (daughter of Lewis Dutton· who Upon being questioned by a passerby, La Farge, Oliver. Santa Fe: the Autobiography of a came to Taos from New Hampshire in Eugenio showed him the whole rig, Southwestern Town. Norman: University of Olda­ 1819). Children: Juanita. Horace, An­ noting that the steel tires had not been homa, 1959. nie, Robert, Adela, and Mary. replaced since his father used it on his Moorhead, Max. New Mexico's Royal Road. Norman: Valdez, Narciso - Son ofJose Antonio, trading caravans. Married Barbara University of Oldahoma Press, 1958.

10 .Wagon Tracks November 1995 https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss1/1 10 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 1 (November, 1995)

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Old Ambsssmdor Paul Bentrup, right, Il&cturlng new Ambassador Harry My­ GIl'S, 118ft, on howto ltlSep his tonguefrom getting him In trouble. Jerry Hmys, cen­ ter, bmclts up the "fastest tongue In th0 West." (Photo by Les Vilda.)

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Josillph Mellrshmll III, millmber of Rosebud Siou)( Tribe, demonstrating bow and mrrows. (Photo by Warner Blackburn.) ,r D

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Bob Dorimn, Independence, MO, demonstrates surveying equipment and tech­ niquills. (Photo by John Dollar.)

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..' ' .' The two Czech "prdels," Leo Oliva and O)(en pulling covered wagon at Fort Larned NHS. (Photo by Warner Blackburn.) Lea Vllda. (Photo by Bonita M. Oliva.)

November 1995 Wagon Tracks 11

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1996 11 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 10 [1996], Iss. 1, Art. 1

RAYMOND DIARY where he sang in the choir. He also enthusiastic about two events. The belonged to Washington Post of the first occurred on June 8 when Horace (continued from page 1) G.A.R. Greeley spoke Mbefore nearly two thou­ Sometime after that the family moved Samuel Raymond kept a diary ofhis sand miners upon the subjects ofMin­ to Romeo. Michigan. The Romeo Acad­ trip to the Mgold mines" in a little book ing, Temperance, Gambling & Pacific emy, which opened for students in (3 ~M x 6 ~") of 100 unlined pages. The railroad." The multitude gave him 1835, subsequently recoroed 'among diary. or journal. as he called it. along three cheers before the speech and its scholars Samuel and his younger with his war-damaged bugle, was do­ three more afterwaro. A second out· sisters. Raymond belonged to the Ro­ nated to the Colorado Historical Soci­ standing event for Raymond at the meo Congregational Church. When or etybyA. E. Raymond. Samuel's grand­ diggings was hearing two preachers, whom Samuel married remains un­ son, in 1930. Although leRoy Hafen. one a "Babtist," the other a Methodist, known, and no recoro of his spouse curator for the society at that time, both on the same Sunday. "MayI enjoy has been found. A son. Edwin S. Ray­ many more such blessed Sabbaths on 1 anticipated publication of the diary, it mond. was born April 24, 1853. seems never to have reached print.3 earth." he wrote. Gold fever afflicted Samuel Raymond The journal, its transcription. and pa­ After June 15. 1859. when Samuel in 1859. and he departed March 30 pers used in preparation for the pre­ noted the above joyful Sabbath, he from Romeo for the gold fields in Kan­ sent publication. today comprise the recorded little ofimportance for a year; sas Territory (the regton became part Samuel D. Raymond Collection. num­ he continued brief daily entries for a of Colorado Territory in 1861). Pike's ber 1516, at the Colorado Historical month, then tapered offto three or four Peak. the most popular geographical Society research library. each month and even struggled with feature of the regton, had become the Raymond made his first entry writing a date only at the first of each generic destination for travelers in the Wednesday. March 30. 1859. Dailyre­ month for awhile. One senses the de­ MPike's Peak Gold Rush.Malthough the cords up to July 5 follow, after which bilitating. discouragtng nature of his discoveries were taking place some 75 the entries become successively more life during this period. The final narra­ miles to tqe north-northwest of that sporadic until Wednesday. July 4. tion. dated Wednesday. July 4. 1860, mountain. 1860. After that, only some bookkeep­ is a lyrical account ofa Fourth ofJuly From 1859 to 1862 Raymond worked ing records and other notations were celebration and mountain cllmb he en­ in the diggings. apparently without entered. joyed in the company of four other success. He presumably was a musi­ people whom he did not identify. When Raymond left Romeo. he trav­ cian and supplemented his income by eled by rail from Detroit through Chi­ A transcription of the fading written performing, according to some mone­ cago to St. Louis, and thence to Jeffer­ woros ofthis journal follows. Errors in tary recordings in his journal. He en­ son City, Missouri. There his party spelling are retained. For clarification listed in the Union army, October 15. boaroed a steamboat for Wayne City, his entries. which were crowded onto 1862, at Central City. Colorado Terri­ Missouri, near Independence. After the small pages ofhis diary, have been tory. Giving his occupation as a house spending about ten days in the region separated into paragraphs. A question painter. he entered as a private at age buying cattle and gathering provi­ mark in brackets. [71. Indicates an 11­ 38. He was assigned to McLean's Inde­ sions, the company headed for Pike's legtble word in the orlgtnal text. Paren­ pendent Battery, Colorado Light Artil­ Peak on April 16, 1859. theses are the author's; brackets are lery. as a bugler. His bullet-damaged the transcriber's. There were 10 men in Raymond's bugle survives in the Colorado Histor­ JOURNAL OF SAMUEL D. RAYMOND ical Society collections and is on dis­ own party, according to his entry for play at Fort Garland. April 2. Six are identified in the jour­ ROMEO, MICH, 1859, ON HIS WAY TO Although at least two Fort Union his­ nal: Messrs. Predmore. Bishop, two PIKES PEAK GOLD MINES torians have identified Raymond in a Leroys, Nathan Nye. and Edwin C. Wednesday, March 30th, 1859. Left Ro­ Owen. By the time they reached Dia­ photo caption as a participant in or meo for ·Pikes Peak: Arrived in Detroit mond Springs on April 27, MThere was being present at the Battle of Glorieta after a cold & blustering days ride at 6 P.M. Pass in March 1862, he did not enlist twenty five waggons in our Train and In the evening between eleven & twelve left until several months after that engage­ about 135 men." They traveled the on the Cars for St. Louis. Arrived there ment. Raymond was detached from his Santa Fe Trail west to Bent's Old Fort Fryday Morn in time for Breakfast. unit and stationed at Fort Garland, and beyond to Pueblo, thence along the Cherokee Trail northward into Thursday, March 31 st. Travelling on Chi­ C.T., dUring the latter part of 1863. Aurarla and Denver City.4 cago, Alton & St. Louis R.Road. Road very The battery later participated in the crooked & rough. Level prarie as far as the Battle of Westport, Missouri, October Raymond described scenery along eye could see (in places) without Tree or 23, 1864. Mustered out of the service the route (generally pleasant), various Shrub. Did not like it at all. Saw hundreds at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on Au­ Indian encounters (peaceful). camp­ of Wild geese, low enough to shoot with gust 31, 1865. he returned to Romeo, sites (MWater not verry good. grass tol­ Rifle but had notthe opportunity to try them. Michigan. erable, wood abundant."). and many Saw a number of fine villiages. One of the Samuel Raymond reappeared in wagon trains met (Santa Fe Trail largest & prettiest was one called Bloom­ Colorado in 1876. During the ensuing freight caravans coming and going. ington (in Illinois). Here I should liketo live. years he lived variously at Boulder, prospectors and supplies headed for Two miles from Springfield the Capital our Silvercliff, and Greeley, apparently the mines. Mgo-backers" from Pike's locomotive broke down which detained us pursuing his work as a painter. He Peak). He named Indian tribes. identi­ a good while to repair it. Being once more moved to Denver in 1893. Samuel died fied rivers and streams. and described, under way we hurried rapidly along arrived when he was 77 years ofage. on March however briefly, Bent's New Fort, the safely in St. Louis at 6 in the morning of 19, 1902, at the home ofhis son. E. S. ruins of Bent's Old Fort, and the set­ Fryday April 1. This day stayed in St. Louis. Raymond. 433 W 3ro Avenue. Denver. tlements ofPueblo, Aurarla, and Den­ This is a verry large City, with many fine the son being his only survivor. ver City. buildings. Streets near the river quite nar­ Samuel had been a member of the Once at the mines. Samuel's descrip­ row being laid out by the french when first People's Tabernacle Congregation tions diminished. However. he waxed settled. Those laid out by yankees much

12 Wagon Tracks November 1995

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss1/1 12 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 1 (November, 1995)

broader and handsomer. Saw [?]. them for such things. Near!y all have from to await the time for starting westward. In Saturday, April 2d. After buying waggon one to ten slaves who seem to have a verry the evening heard the City Brass Band play & some of our outfit left in the aftemoon at easy time of it, having plenty to eat, taking at a distance (which made me think of 3.45 on Pacific Rail Road forJefferson City their own time to work but quite dirty & "Home, sweet Home." ) Wrote a letter Mo. Arrived here at 9t2 O'Clock and soon ragged intheir Dress. The soil onthe Prarie home, & to Hulsart. took steam Boat for Kansas City. The Boat is quite rich & addapted to nearly all kinds Saturday Aprl 16th. Quite a stir in Camp, being so [?] at Jefferson six of the boys of produce that is raised at the North. striking our tent, packing baggage and get­ stayed and waited for next Boat while four Sunday Apr! 10th. 3Jt2 miles from Butler ting ready to start. All things being ready, of us went on. where I spent the Sabbath. wecrackedthe whip atthe oxen and started for the (land that flows with Milk and Sunday Api 3d. On the Missouri River. Mon. Aprl 11th. Returned to Butler & Honey). Ten milesfrom Kansas City on the • Heard preaching on board in forenoon & spent the day it being the first day the Kansas River route is Shawnee Town, afternoon by a Minister from Missouri. We County Court set, there were a good many quite a smart little village and a good situ­ had a heavy load offreight & between two people in Town and as is usually the case ation for one. Travelling about a mile be­ & three hundred passengers nearly 100 of on such occasions some drunken ones yond this we Encamped for the night on a which were going to Pikes Peak Gold. Raw among them. wind all day at night had a snow storm. fine spot ofground and rellished my supper Tues. Apr! 12th. Having purchased two Obliged to layover till it stops. Had about greatly. yoke of cattle started for Kansas City. Quite one inch deep on deck. Sunday Aprl 17th. Rested at Cedar warm crossing the Prarie (Which was 12 Creek. Mon. Apr! 4th. Cold, North East wind ­ miles across) first day traveled 17 mls and verry wintery. Saw hundreds of wild geese slept forthe night in a small Log House and Monday Apr! 18th. This day travelled to on Sand bars in river all along could have dined on Com Bread & Bacon. Our drink Black Jack and encamped. Distance from [7] shot with Rifle. An ox was lost overboard was coffee without sugar. Coffee is the Cedar Creek 21 mls. The day was warm & but the halter being strong enough to hold principle drink of the Country people being Road dusty. Saw a large drove of mules him the Boat was stoped when his roar was much cheaper than tea, that article costing driven by Mexicans. Also a caravan of heard again looking as though he wasn't from 63c to 1.25c per lb. Santa Fe Waggons drawn by five & six verry well satisfied with his cold Bath. The span ofmules driven by MexicansorSpan­ water in the River is verry muddy but does­ Wed. Apr! 13th. Started in good season iards. So far, Rolling Prarie with but little n't taste bad when drinking. It is also verry for Harrisonville where we arrived at 11.00 Timber and that on small streams. Some difficult to navigate on account of Sand Oclock. After partaking of an excellent din­ Farms well improved and finely situated. Bars & its crookedness. ner at the Hotel started again on our jour­ Were there an abundance of Timber on ney. This place is the County Seat of Cass Tues Apr! 5th. Cold raw wind. Left Boat at these Praries they would be the Paradise County Mo. [Preceding sentence had been of the World. Wayne City, Mo. with Mr. Nye to go into the crossed out]. Not much of a place. Wouldn't country after cattle. Passed through Inde­ care to live there. People lack the energy & Tues AprI19th/59. Still encamped on ale pendence (3 miles from Wayne). This is thrift of the Northern people. Traveled 33 of sickness of Mr. Nye. Boys went hunting quite a business place and a verry pleasant miles this day, in the afternoon it rained and for Prarie Hens & Rabbits. A large number one. Walked out 3 mi in the country that snowed, the wind blowing verry cold all the of waggons passed on route for Pikes afternoon. Stayed all night at a farm House. time. Crossed a prarie 13 mls long, and Peak. Wed Apr! 6th. Walked 30 miles to Harri­ arrived at a private house (where we Wed Aprl 20th/59. Still encamped. My sonville, Cass County, Mo. Verry much fa­ stopped for the night) at about 8 0 Clock time devoted to Mr. Nye. Boys out hunting. tigued. This is a miserable little hole. Would being verry much fatigued & quite cold. Twenty Santa Fe waggons passed, each not like to live here although it isthe County Glad that night was made for rest and drawn by three span of mules driven by Seat. sleep. Mexicans. Night quitecold and Stormy. Ten waggons encamped near us, all bound for Thurs Apr! 7th. Left Harrisonville in Stage Thursday Aprl 14th. Having but 18 mls the "Peak." for Butler, Bates County. Arrived here in farther to go before meeting the Boys at afternoon 3 & 4 Oclock. This is the County Kansas City, we arrived about 3 O'clock in Thursday Apr! 21 st/59. Still detained on seat. Situated on a high rolling prarie ex­ the afternoon and found them all well and ale ofsickness ofMr. Nye. Cold stormy day. posed to all the strong high Winds, a young glad to meet us. Having a good appetite for Snow fell to the depth of 112 inches. Cold place with no good House. The Court Supper we done ample justice to it while sleeping in Tents - Storm drove through House which is being built of Brick will be standing in the smoke & ashesto eat it. Our them. Afternoon cleared away. Sky cloudy. quite a nice building when completed. cooks Mr. Nathan Nye and Mr. Edwin C. Weather a little more moderate. Wouldn't live here for all the property there Owen are of the first class in their profes­ Fryday Aprl 22nd/59. Mr. Nye being well is in it. sion and need not be ashaimed to serve up enough to travel we struck ourtents and left Fry Aprl8th. Visited around town with Mr. the most dainty dishes ofa King. for Willow Springs, 12mlsfrom Black Rock. Nye, and spent the day. Verry windy and Fryday Aprl15th. Went down to the Ciety Road wet &muddy &some bad crossings. dusty. known as Me gres Reserve. Found it quite Pitched our Tent on a fine spot of ground Saturday Aprl 9th. Verry Windy. Wind in new with some fine buildings. A good place near a brook. Ground being damp slept South-West. Blowing dust enough to blind for business. It is built on quite a rolling rather cold. a person. Obliged to keep the Houses piece of ground and where they are filling Sat Aprl 23d. A warm fine day. Saw a closed to keep from blowing away. Nearly up some of the houses are nearly hid from number of shanties on Claims along the all the chimneys here & on the Road here sight (standing in one direction from them.) road. These were quite low and small & the are built on the outside ofthe Houseswhich -The Main Street is cutthrough an embank­ [7] them vacant. Road was good with the to me looks verry odd & out of place. The ment of Clay soil from 70 to a Hundred ft exception of an occasional gully. Arrived at Houses are poorly finished on the inside, high. This place will in time be a verry great H Creek a little before dark (having trav­ being ceiled up with green lumber which City, and a Handsome one. Wyandotte elled nearly 30 mls) and encamped in a soon dries & shrinks leaving large cracks acrossthe river, and a little above this place handsome piece of woods on the Creek. for Wind, dirt and snow. The inhabitants are (in Kansas Territory) is quite a fine looking Found quite a number already encamped. rather dirty and slovenly about their House little village. Purchasing a few articles to Soon a Train often waggons arrived. Some & Person. Have but little or no pride about complete our outfit, we turned to our camp ofthe men with theirfamilies goingto Settle

November 1995 Wagon Tracks 13

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1996 13 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 10 [1996], Iss. 1, Art. 1

at or near "Pikes Peak." Little Muddy at 6 in the morning the Roads from the "Little Arkansas." After travelling Sunday Aprl 24th. At Soldier Creek. being verry muddy our teams drew their 10 mlswe arrived at "Chaves Creek" which Man Aprl25th. Travelled 21 miles to Bluff loads with difficulty. The air was cool. Wind we found dry excepting a few puddles of Creek. Roads verry good but over a high in North East. Saw an Antelope at a dis­ muddy water. Grass scarce. Saw one An­ rolling Prarie. Some long Hills. Sky cloudy. tance. Arrive at Cottonwood Creek 8 mls telope and two Wolves. Met six Mexican Weather verry windy and dusty. Quite from the latter place about 10 A.M. Found Trains going East. Arrived here in good warm. Shook handswith an Indian and saw Wood scarce, but water plenty - here is a season for teaking care of our Cattle and several in the evening around our Camp U.S. Mail Station. There is but one House "choring." Day was quite warm. Roads they were verry friendly. This Creek is the here surrounded by as beautifull a Country good. This is a small Stream of running first stream we've come to that enters into as there is on the face of the Earth. Not water but not verry clear but quite good the Arkansas River. It is not more than Ten having any Breakfast on alc of wood being tasting. A plenty of Grass. So far, no acci­ feet wide at this place, with clear running wet & scarce we here dined, passing on 9 dents of importance have happened. water. At night we had music in the next mls further we encamped for the night on Tuesday May 3d. Laid by at "Big Cow Tent from us which sounded verry well for an open Prarie. In the forenoon saw an Creek" to let our Cattle recruite. Day verry a Banjo. Antelope about 40 rods distant coming to­ hot with an occasional Breeze which was Tues Aprl 26th. Travelled to Council wards us apparently not seeing us or doing verry refreshing. Two small Trains came in Grove (which is 13 mls from Bluff Creek) so he turned his Side towards us which and encamped near us. We're about one & and Encamped. Here is another beautiful made a splendid shot. One or two of our a half mls off the road. Saw two Wolves. stream of water belted by scrubby Timber. Company fired at him but were not good Done some washing. Had Apple Dumplins for~ Saw this day several large Trains of Wag­ marksman enough to hit him. The part for Supper - were quite good. of the day was cloudy, after part warm. gons going to Kansas City to load with Wednesday May 4th. Commenced our Today we passed over some of the most provisions for Pikes Peak. Saw at a dis­ journey again with a cool day and a verry beautifull Prarie land the eye ever rested tance what I supposed to be a Black Wolf. high strong wind. Roads quite good part of upon extending as far asthe eye could see. The Roads today were quite hilly &stony & the way. Buffalo Chips in abundance - saw Wood verry scarce. difficult to travel on. Wind blew verry strong some Buffalo at 5 or 6 mls from the Road. and filled my eyes with dust. Indians came Sat Aprl 30th. This day travelled 18 mls Aftertravelling 22 mlswe arrived at the "Big around our Camp wishing for something to to Big Turkey Creek found grass and Buf­ Bend of Arkansas River" and encamped. It eat. Boys cleaned their Guns & Pistols in falo Chips plenty but water verry muddy & is quitewide in places and verry shallow not anticipation of trouble from Indians further full of large Insects - couldn't drink any of it. admitting of navigation. The water is verry west. This is quite a thriving little place with Today the Prarie was quite level for some muddy more so than that of the Missouri. one large Dry Good Store in it well stocked miles. Weather warm & pleasent. Roads We were visited soon after encamping by with all things necessary for a family. verry good. For Supper had some fresh a NotedWarrior of the Kiowas called "White Wed Aprl27th. Travelled 17Jt2 mls to Dia­ Buffalo meat, the first I had eaten. It was Bear." His wife was with him and two oth­ mond Springs over verry good roads and nearly the same as other Beef, and tasted ers. They asked for provisions and we gave splendid Prarie land. Day [?) to warm & verry good. Drove ourCattle some distance them some which they were verry thankfull pleasent. There was twenty five waggons from Camp to graze. Saw this day two to receive. Had some Pot Pie for Supper in our Train and about 135 men, well armed Antelope at a great distancefrom the Road. with some Snipes. The doe was verry light and prepared for any emergency. Our Another Train encamped some distance and the Cooking well done. Camping ground was on a level part ofthe South East of us. The Cow Bells are ringing Thursday May 5th. Leaving the Big Bend Prarie near a stream of water & wood quite merrily which makes it seem a good of Arkansas we travelled westward. [?) a enough for Cooking purposes. Grass not deal like Civilization. A large flock of wild cool windy day - good wood - Buffalo Chips grown sufficient for Cattle to fill themselves. geese flew over a short time since - quite a in abundance - grass scarce. Five mlsfrom One of the boys saw seven Antelopes at a number of Shots were fired into them by a this is "Bill Allisons Ranch" which is built of distance of one mile from the Road. Did not number ofdifferent ones in the Camp which poles enclosed with Sad. The Roofis nearly attempt to Shoot them. For supper had made the Geese keep silence for a minute, flat one story high. The stone walls and sod Com pudding & Boiled Beans & Bacon with but when theyfound that none of them were enclose about an acre of land. This affords a good dish ofTea Saw a few Caw Indians hurt they set up such a Shout of joy that a strong protection against Indians. Here is in a Grocery Store nearthis place. Here our made the air ring again - as if to laugh at a mail station, store, tavern, Com & Hay, Cook is baking a large batch of Bread for them for their stupidity in firing at them at etc. Crossings of Walnut Creek nearly we shall not have any more wood for thirty such a distance as they were from them. good. Camping beyond crossing with miles. Sunday May 1st. Left Big Turkey Creek plenty of wood, water & grass. Passing on Thur Aprl 28th. Left Diamond Springs at and after travelling Three mls farther on till within 4 or 5 mls from Pawnee Rock an early hourwith about 25 Waggons in the came to the Little Arkansas River and en­ (which is 16 mls from the Ranch) we turned Train. The Road lay over beautiful & gently camped for the night. Here is a mail station and went south of the road I~ mls and & store & toll bridge. This is a narrow shal­ encamped. Here we found grass tolerable. rolling Prarie. Day cool & cloudy [?) trav­ " elled well. 14 mls from Diamond Springs is low Stream with water not verry clear. On Buffalo Chips in abundance. Went % mls the Lost Spring which is quite small and the Road saw two Antelopes & a Wolf at a to river for water. Here we were within two about 25 Rods from the main Road. The great distance. All around here are a num­ mls of a large body of Indians encamped water isverry good. Here were a number of ber of "Prarie Dogs." They're of the size of for a Buffalo hunt. Supposed to be 500 or Indians encamped that were on their way a large grey squirrel!. Short tail and ears. more - all friendly. They were the Kiowans to hunt Buffalo. They soon struck their Burrow in the ground with a large mound of and Arappahoes. Some ofthem like to beg Tents and followed after us. Ten mls from dirt around their hole which serves as a quite well. this Spring is the Stream called little Muddy watchtower when danger is near. Their Fryday May 6th. .Leaving at five in the a small Stream of Muddy Water. Here we Barking is similar to that of a Squirrell, but morning before breakfast we passed the encamped for the night in a rain Storm & being more shrill. Passed two trains of Pawnee Rock which is visible 10 mls in had to make our fire with Buffalo Chips and Santa Fe Waggons going to Kansas City advance of the emigrant which presents a Willow brush. The Country around here is with goods. bold and majestic front. This is one ml from delightfulI. Mon. May 2nd. Struck our Tents and de­ the Arkansas River. To Ash Creek 5 mls Fry Aprl 29th. After a rainy night we left parted for "Big Cow Creek" which is 17 mls farther on we stoped and took ourbreakfast

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and dinner together. The Creek was dry. numerous small islands clustered together being sore. Mr. Nye not verry well. All the We obtained our water out of a deep hole which gave the river a pleasing appear­ rest well & infine spirits. Therewas a strong in the center which someone had dug. The ance. The land each side at a short dis­ cold North Eastwind all day- inthe morning waterwas muddy& poor. Seven mlsfarther tance from it is gently rolling with some it was cold enough for overcoat and gloves on is Pawnee Fork a good running stream. bluffs of rock in view. Saw the remains of more than for two or three hours. Grass quite good. Here we encamped on a an old (Arkansas) fort. It was made of Fry. May 13th. Commenced raining early fine spot of ground and enjoyed it well. Prarie sods 3 ft wide at the bottom and 2 at In the moming - rained all day, a cold raw Saturday May 7th. Left Pawnee Fork and the top being about fourft in hight in places. North East wind blowing all the time. Wore jogged merrily along in a Southwest Itwas on the banks ofthe river and covered overcoats and gloves all day. Road level course, keeping the road near the River. about one acre of land. It was built (I sup­ and good. Saw three antelopes. Met a train pose) to protect the Santa Fe traders from From Pawnee Fork to "Forks of Santa Fe 6 often waggons retuming from Pikes Peak. Crossing" is five mls. Travelling on about the depradations ofthe Indians years ago. They had been gone from home 3 or 4 • 10 or12fartherwe encamped nearthe road Ate this day for the seventh time off of dirty months and hadn't made anything. They 8 side within a mile of the river & a half mile dishes on account of scarcity of wood. To­ were verry much discouraged. Found from a fine Creek of clear running water. day cut some brush by the road sidetocook grass quite good - a little wood - plenty of For our dinner we partook of some boiled our supper there is no wood in sight. water. Encampedearly nearthe river. Trav­ rice, bean soup, first rate bread & dried Passed a large city ofPrarie Dogs- all were elled today about ten miles. active in sounding the alarm and scamper­ apple pie. This was a rich treat to our Sat. May 14th. Rained all the past night ­ ing to their homes. We're now encamped hungry stomachs. Saw a wolf in the after­ decamped at 10 in the moming. Found the near another small city of them. They ap­ noon toward evening saw seven Antelopes road level and quite muddy. Saw three pear to like our society verry well so long as in a drove together. Could not get near antelopes. Travelled but ten mlstoday, and we keep a proper distance from them. We enough to shoot them. Soon after encamp­ encamped full a mile from the river. Found are near the Santa Fe cut off where we ing we had a verry heavy thunder shower, no wood (of any amount) grass quite good leave that road for one that goes directly to wind blowing from southeast making half of - waternearby in a ravine. Metten waggons ·Pikes Peak" We shall doubtless reach it by the ground our tent covered a puddle of returning. Wind now blowing from the tomorrow night? water. Soon the worst of it was over with South East. I have to stand guard tonight. Wednesday May 11 tho Left our camping the water soon dried away. The night was Sun. May 15th. Left camp at 9 A.M. Road dark and stormy. Stood guard till midnight. ground at a good season in the morning ­ finding our road a little rolling and excellent wet and muddy. Wind in South West. Saw Grass here is not verry plentiful - water in three antelopes. Made a short drive of only abundance - wood none - road all dayverry in the afternoon. Came to the crossing a little after the middle of the afternoon. We 9 mls. A large body of Comanche ponies & good only one bad crossing. Saw a number Indians numbering between two and three of Prarie Dog villages. leave the Santa Fe road about a quarter of a mile before coming to the crossing. thousand were moving eastward. A num­ Sunday May 8th. Travelled about 15 mls Passed five trains one from ·Pikes Peale" ber of them with their squaws & children and encamped on the river. Opposite side Heard good news from there. Wind blew visited us and the other camps near us ­ is barren sand banks with now & then a few verry high & cold all the morning wore my coming out of curiosity & to trade. Found trees. Saw three Antelopes and two overcoat and gloves. Found them verry willow brush plenty & also water. Grass Wolves. Prarie level - roads verry good ­ comfortable. Wind in the N.E. Found grass tolerable. Met some men with hand carts Grass growing but wood none. Got our quite poor. No wood. Had to go a mile for retuming from Pikes Peak - they gave us a water out of the river. water. This day came about 16 mls. Oxen verry discouraging account of them. No­ Monday May 9th. Left in the morning at 7 were troubled with sore necks and tender body making anything and no gold there ­ Oclock. found the road level but quite feet. Been four days without wood except but we concluded to go on and see for muddy. Not having any bread we took our whatfew brush wegathered along the road. ourselves. dinner in crackers and boiled beans. In the Buffalo chips scarce. Mon. May 16th. Left the camp a little be­ afternoon passed by a large village of Thursday May 12th. Travelled today fore 6 in company with sixteen other wag­ Prarie Dogs. Saw a Wolfsome distance off, about 16 mls some of the oxens feet and gons, making quite a long train. Met today opposite side of the river. Still high sand neck quite sore. Found the road quite level 36 waggons returning from Pikes Peak. hills - road more hilly and tumed in a more and some parts of it sandy. Still following Toward evening four waggons of them re­ westerwardly direction. Found no wood ­ the river quite close. At the road side near turned again and were determined to go .. plenty of water - Grass tolerable - Buffalo the close of the day we passed by some there in spite of all reports and obstacles. chips quite numerous but damp owing to a quite high rocky bluffs presenting a verry Some of the returned miners encamped heavy rain a day ortwo before. Hadto cook ragged appearance. All the indications near us and had a little gold with them. oursupper by them whichtook a goodwhile were that old time had been faithfully at There are more on the road returning. The to do it. Passed a Mexican train. This day work at them for ages and the action of the road today was quite good. The afternoon travelled about 17 mls. A little way from the water upon them had done its work in form­ very hot. Obliged to stop & rest cattle for road saw a large basin of water enclosed ing deep chasms in them - which were sometime. Encamped nearthe river, grass with sand rocks. In it saw a number of fish curious to look upon and caused one to quite good. Wood sufficientfor cooking pur­ - on the rock were a number of names cut reflect upon that person who created all poses. Travelled today about 12 or 13 mls. out. I left the innitials of my name on one of J s things and holds all the elements in the Tues. May 17th. Laid over one day near them, as an emigrant to the far west. hollow of his hands. Saw some Indians of the river about 18 mls below Col Bent's 9 Tuesday May 10th. Continued our jour­ the Camanchee tribe. Were quite warlike in new fort. Eighteen waggons here passed ney in a westerly direction and after travel­ their appearance having bows and arrows us on their return home being discouraged ling about 17mlsencamped nearthe banks lances and shields. They were quite bold in by the bad reports they heard when within of the river. This day was a windy one their appearance and showed an indiffer­ 200 mls from there. A number of men were blowing from the southeast. Road quite ence to the white man not shown by the encamped near us. Some were for return­ level, but somewhat rough. Passed three other tribes we'd met. They were going to ing home others were in favor of going on Santa Fe trains at Breakfast. Saw three fight the Potawatamies Indians. Found the towards the Peak. Those deciding to retum Wolves. The banks of the river were quite grass quite poor where we encamped. No soon commenced selling offall clothes and low this day. The river itself quite narrow wood today but some Buffalo chips. Shod provisions not necessary to carry with and at short distances from each other an ox with leather on one foot on ale of its them. The selling and preparation for re-

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turning made it quite a lively business noted trading posts of the North West. Col it its name. The road here was quite ruff ­ place. Some of us thought of starting a Bent & lady were absent having gone to the extent of this flat was between 5 or 6 village here and selling lots immediately to Missouri. Going on two mls farther we en­ mils with high rocky bluffs on the right of it. these on their return but we finally gave up camped on a handsome spot of ground Today Pikes Peak came in sight which the idea Here there was a division among where we found wood, water & grass verry made me rejoice for I thought our journey us for a while, four being in favor of return­ plentyfull. The trees on either side of the would soon be at an end. It is quite a high ing home & the rest of us for going on (the river reminds me of home where the woods peak standing above all others arround it four were Predmore, Bishop, & the two can be seen all around and the sweet birds and the top of it covered with snow. The Leroys.) But the conditions of settlement singing their soft & mellow notes to cheer Spanish Peak is still visible at our left with not being satisfactory, they all concluded to the weary traveller on his way - as I now the snow plainly to be seen. Today we go on again and after prospecting about hear them around me at this present mo­ came about 21 mls and encamped by the two weeks to return home. Had in the other ment. A large train from the east has just side ofthe road. Found grass quite scarce. camps at night quite a spree with those that arrived and encamped a little distance from Wood and water plentifulI. Let the cattle run were going to return in the morning. us. It seems they're not discouraged by the all night. Speeches & good wishes were the order of number that have gone back. Our boys that Wed. May 25th. Our road today was over proceedings, and they carried on their jolifi­ were discouraged are now more reconciled a rough rolling country with high bluffs on cation to a late hour at night. At a distance and willing to go on. Myfaith in meeting with our right, some of them were soapstone we could hear singing, violin music and the good luck is still strong. rock. A good part of the day was desert bones agoing with great glee. Wood today Sun. May 22nd. 0 that I could make this bearing nothing but greeswood brush & was quite abundant. Grass good. Day quite seem like the Sabbath day to me and enjoy cactes - a little grass grew in places. The warm. it as I used to at home - But it is just like a cactes here is of a round stem growing Wed. May 18th. This morning the com­ week day to me - all around are engaged in verry scraggy and about 31f.! feet high - wild pany on their return left at an early hour. some worldly employment regardless of sage also abounds in great abundance. Their was a cordial shaking of hands and our Lords command to keep this day Holy. Thick woods along the river. Good grass is mutual good wishesfor each others welfare Some are playing cards - some mending scarce. The day being cool we made verry - then the whip cracked and off went the clothes and boots - shooting pistols - pack­ good time & travelled about 22 mis, en­ teams with the men rejoicing on their way. ing and unpacking goods &c utter regard­ camping off of the road where there was Met today 60 waggons on their return from less of the day and determined to [?] in the verry good camping ground. Plenty of dry towards Pikes Peak. Some ofthem having broad waythat leadeth downto destruction. wood and good grass. The daywas quite a been there but the most ofthem not having Lord have mercy upon them. Travelled to­ rainy one. The mountains in the distance been within 200 mls ofthere. All report the day only 13 mls & encamped nearthe river. daily appear nearer to us and as they ap­ fineness of gold and scarcity of it - but we Found grass & wood quite plentyfull. Day pear nearer they also appear more beauti­ are all bound to go through. Road today verry hot. Road quite rolling & some stony. full - the snow on their tops being distinctly good, day cool. Made about 18 mls. Trees One waggon turned back from here (with visible. along the river more numerous, looking three men.) Thurs. May 26th. Road today some roil­ verry green and beautiful. Saw several Mon. May 23th. Left Camp at an early ing - acres and acres of greeswood and prarie dog villages along the road. hour and travelled 18 mls. Road a little prarie sage. Day quite warm. Came today Thurs. May 19th. Travelled about 15 mls. rolling (?) calm. Afternoon verry Windy and about 18 mls. Passed a ranche with black­ Met 11 waggons returning home. Day dusty. Wind in the West. Today for the first smith shop in one end not much to sell. cloudy and cool. Some of the cattle's feet time we saw the Spanish Peak (a range of Eggs 1.50 per dozen. Scenery verry fine. quite sore. Obliged to travel slow. Road the Rocky Mountains) at a distance of 175 Crossed the Big Sandy Creek - no water in 11 today verry good. Grass tolerable. Wood or 80 mls - its top was covered with snow it. Saw some wild geese. Met one wag­ plenty. Went over a mile to the river after looking like a dark cloud in the West with a gon returning from the mines - gave verry water to use for supper. Encamped within white one hovering over it - We shall soon discouraging accounts of them. Bound to 1o 30 miles of Bent's Fort. Camping good. be in sight of Pikes Peak with its snow capt go ahead and see for ourselves. Fry. May 20th. Travelled today about 18 summit plainly visible. We encamped to­ Fry. May 27th. Arrived at Pueblothe great mls. Day cool. Roads generally good. Now night on a beautifull spot ofgrass quite near City as we supposed it was. Found it to within 15 mls of Bent's fort. Met one man the river with large trees & willow bushes all consist of a number of log shanties and with a one horse waggon returning home. around. The cattle seem to enjoy it well. some [?] ones with roofs nearly flat and Timber along the river quite thick. En­ Today we bought a quarter of antelope covered with poles and dirt. There was but camped verry near the river. Wood scarce. which was killed by two men encamped one woman in the whole place to bee seen Grass not verry plentiful!. near us. We had some of it for supper which - being inhabited principally by hunters & a Sat. May 21 st. This day the road was was verry good. few Mexicans. They are CUltivating the land somewhat rough and sandy the most ofthe Tues. May 24th. This day was a verry hot a good deal and raising a good deal of com waynearthe river. The sky was cloudy. The one with but little wind. Found our road &c. The road today was quite good - grees­ day windy and attimesthe sun shone verry quite hilly & some sandy. High bluffs each wood in abundance. Passed by a verry warm. Stoped at noon on a beautifull spot side of the river. Visited the ruins of Bent's comfortable ranche pleasently situated near the river - but not a desirable spot for of ground under the shade of some cotton- 0 old fort - found that it covered nearlyan acre wood trees. Which was a lUXUry not en­ of ground containing about 25 rooms and a me to live. Went a hunting today with Ed & joyed since leaving Kansas City. Here the large open Alley on two sides of it. It was N. Nye - saw a deer but could not get a shot antelope would find a cool retreat from the built differently from his other one - being at it. Encamped near the Huerfueno river burning sun ofthe plains and repose safely built of [?] and that of stone. The walls were which is a narrow & rapid stream. 12 Found at night under their broad spreading two & a half ft thick and the highest that plenty of grass & wood. Found here a com- branches. Here wood, water, and grass remained about 14 feet. The whole pre­ o pany offour on their return from the mines. were abundant. Arriving at Col Bents fort sented rather a formidable appearence. A They had been there all winter & made we found it standing on a high rolling spot mile or two beyond this we came onto what nothing. of ground near by and covered over a half is called the greeswood flats which is a low Sat. May 28th. Nothing of importance acre of ground. The walls were about 16 ft [?] crabbed looking bush - which when transpired today. The day was quite hot. high containing 16rooms. This is one ofthe burnt omits a greasy substancewhich gives Road verry good and near the river. Went

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a hunting in the fornoon. Shot nothing but excellent spring water. Heard here good danger to some men that had their feet saw three deer. Carne today 17 mls and news from the mountains. Miners doing 'taken from under them and came verry encamped on a good spot of ground near well. Cheered with the thought that I'm near being drowned. Our cattle after a little the road. Grass good wood plentyfull water almost at my journeys end. difficulty reached the opposite shore in nearby. Pikes Peak plainly to be seen. It Thurs. June 2. Came today 16 or 18 mls safety. I followed on behind holding on to looks quite beautifulI. which brings us within one days drive of the hind end ofthe waggon to keep my feet Sun. May 29th. Today we've rested all Auraria. Good news from the mines. Road firmly under me. The water was cold and day for the first time in five weeks. It really today over a rolling prarie with some verry swift and wet me waist high. We're tonight seems a little more like the Sabbath than sandy. Went a hunting - saw several deer within a short distance of the foot of the others have when we've been travelling. and 20 or 30 antelopes in one drove - fired mountain that we are to assend in the We are now within 21 mls of Pikes Peak upon them several times but had no effect. morning. This for a half mile is verry steep camp where there is plenty of wood, water Day warm. No rain for a fortnight. En­ and will be a difficult underteaking. We're & grass. The days for a week past have camped near Cherry Creek. Water good. all dreading it. The mountain scenery ar­ been verry hot, and the nights verry cool. Grass tolerable. round is beautifull. Rock piled upon rock, This afternoon our hunters brought in a the sides covered with grass & trees, and Fry. June 3rd. We are at last at the much cut up at proper distances by deep gullies deer. I spent mytime in reading and resting. talked of cities of Auraria and Denver. One Found it verry profitable for me. and small streams which give them a verry city on one side of Cherry Creek & the other wild and sublime appearance. Mon. May 30th. Started from camp early on the other and both at its mouth and near 16 Sun. June 5th. Commenced climing the in the morning and made a good days drive the junction of the South Platte. Both mountains which we found a verry difficult of 21 mls over a rolling country and quite cities comprise about 200 houses built of undertaking. The road up the mountain is a sandy - the day was warm the afternoon pine logs hewn on two sides and plastered mile long. It is verry steep and stony the windy - drove all day - stood guard at night. between. There are a few frame buildings most of the way. We had to pack up on our Saw six antelopes in the afternoon. En­ nicely sided & shingled with glass windows backs about 400 Ibs which left only 700 for camped nearthewoods& drankforthefirst onthem. The others have unbleached mus­ five yoke of cattle to draw and this was all time in a great while some good cold spring lim for windows. There are two stores (the theycould possibly do. Some waggons that water. Jims springs. I found it was a deli­ Post Office in one) several saloons three had on twelve or fourteen hundred were cious change after drinking muddy river bakeries & a market, blacksmith shop &c. 13 drawn up by twelve yoke and had all they water for some weeks. Today we fell in No timber here but a little Cotton Wood could do. We were one hour going up. It with a train of 22 waggons. They are all boardering on the Platte & Creek. Their being verry warm we had a difficult job of it encamped near us. Wood here is scarce. pine is obtained 35 mls from here at Rus­ but succeeded in accomplishing the task Grass quite good. sellville where there's a sawmill and the without injury to anything. Being at the top Tues. May 31st. Left Jims Springs about only one within this distance. These cities we could see a beautifull range of country 7 Oclock and found our road over rather a are situated in a valley with the Rockey as far as the eye could reach. Pine timber, high rolling sandy prarie. After striking Mountains on one side and high rolling running streams, broken & rugged hills & Black Squirrel Creek we found ourselves in Prarie on the other and could the Platte mountains were distinctly visible to the eye the middle of beautifull pine woods which river be naVigated by steam boats they forming a grand panorama of scenery to made me feel quite at home. Found the would soon become large thriving cities, feast the eye upon. Our cattle being suffi­ road here quite level. Travelled today 18 butthe scarcity ofwood & timber will always. ciently rested we started on westward and mils and encamped near "Fagans be a drawback to their growth. The road found some verry good and some verry Grave.•14 Water not verry good. Grass tol­ today was winding and some hilly. The day crooked & hilly road and dangerous to be erable. Wood abundant. Right in front of us cool and cloudy. I can now consider myself travelled. Found the inland scenery quite is quite a high lege of rocks, the sides at my journeys end, and look back over a broken & covered with small pine trees & covered with pine trees. This valley is ex­ long & tedious journey and feel thankfull rocks in abundence. Took our dinner near cellent for farming purposes and will at that I'm still alive. We have yet to go into a fine running stream of mountain spring some future time be the garden ofthe west. the mountains to mine which will end our water. Saw on our road any quantity of There is pine trees in abundence. Stone travelling for the present. Quartz rock which indicates gold in its vi­ ditto. Numerous streams ofwater. Rich soil Sat. June 4th. Crossed the Platte river cinity. After passing over in the afternoon & an excellent climate. Nothing more is this morning on the ferry. The crossing was some verry rocky dangerous road we en­ needed but the strong arm of the hardy about six rods wide. The cost of ferrying camped on quite a beautifull rolling prarie yeomanry to subdue it and bring it to per­ one yoke ofoxen and waggon was 2.50 cts. with grass quite good & wood and water fection. Today has been quite cool and We swam across three yoke and saved by near by. Met a great many coming from the windy - Pikes Peak is vanishing from our this means three or four dollars. It is quite mines - after provisions and the rest oftheir sight as we near Auraria. a rappid stream. Passing over some beau­ company. Some accts. are quite favorable Wed. June 1st. Travelled today to Rus­ tifull roiling farming country we encamped & others not so. Saw some gold dust today ", sellville 35 mls from Auraria 15 There is near a ranche where there was plenty of (about $100 worth) and beautifull melted sawmill - lumber 80 dollarS a thousand ­ excellent grass and water and took dinner. Quartz which is always found where there and 13 nice log houses built of pine and In the afternoon we entered the first range is gold. Much fatigUed with my labor today , hewn inside & out. It is quite a fine place for of mountains and found an excellent road - laboring when I ought to be resting as it is a village. Here is also a branch of Cherry & a fine rolling valley between the ranges the Holy Sabbath day. When I arrive in the Creek where some have prospected and with several ranches and a large number of mines I shall endeavorto keep the Sabbath dug some gold. One man today dug out waggons and tents covering the valley here day Holy. between four & five dollars. Several log & there while the cattle roamed at large Mon. June6th. Todayfound us still climb­ shanties were built on the bank but were enjoying the rich pasture and the nice cool ing the mountains. Some of the road was deserted for better diggings. Mr. Nye pros­ spring water. There we found a rappid extremely difficult to descend, being [?] pected a little and obtained a few grains of stream ofwaterto be crossed running down stony and uneven. Passed over some gold. The road today has been over a high from the mountains over a rough stony beautifull valleys and mountain praries. rolling country. The day quite cool. This bottom and seemed to bid defiance to man The mountain sides are thickly covered morning it nearly froze water in the pail. to enter it and reach the opposite shore in with Pine and Fur trees and a great deal of Here we found good grass & wood with safety - but it was done - but not without dead timberthis hasbeen destroyed by fire.

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Saw a good deal of Popple Wood - the Gold valued at 68 dollars, and saw several Mon. June 27th. Worked on shanty half a leaves had just fairly begun to show their verry fine specimens. One of the mines day, on the claim half day. tender sides to the beholder & to flutter in yielded today $600 dollars. The most ofthe Tues. June 28th. Worked on shanty. the breeze. The thought occured that in claims here, (Gregories diggings) are yield­ Wed. June 29th. Worked on shanty. Michigan they were not so backwood. ing well. Thur. June 30th. Worked on lead. Some ofthe scenerywastruly sublime. The Thur. June 9th. Prospected today - found high barren rocks, with their bold & craggy all of the claims teaken. Talk of buying one. Fry. July 1st. Worked on claim. Sat. ditto. fronts inspires one with wonder and Fry. June 10th. Prospected today, dug Sun. July 3rd. Attended meeting. astonishment. We are now within four or quite a large hole but found no color. Mon. July 4th. Worked on claim. fIVe mls of the mines and continue to hear encouraging accounts ofthem. Grass here Sat. June 11 tho Prospected today - no Tues. July 5th. Ditto on claim. Wed. Ditto. is verry poor - wood and water plenty. This success. Some of the boys discouraged Thur. on [?] Fry ~ dy Sat. Worked claim. and talk of going home tomorrow. Four of evening it isquite cool. Haveto stand guard Mon. 1 dy Tuea :}'4. Wed. 1 dy. Thurs. 1. tonight. us still remain. Fry. July 15th. Went and looked at claims Tues. June 7th. Arrived in the mines to­ Sun. June 12th. Boys left for home. The on Clear Creek. Concluded to buy them. day about half past ten O'Clock. Found an day kept by nearly all the miners which abundance of tents waggons &c in the val­ gave me much joy. Sat. July 16th. Commenced working on 17 ley at the foot of a long steep hill. Some Mon. June 13th. Went to ranch 25 mls claim on the Bates Lead, Gregorys dig­ here digging gold. Some were building from the mines. gings. Prospected well. houses & some were chopping and draw­ Tues. June 14th. Bade the boys good bye Tues. Aug. 9th. Left off working our ing logs for lumber and all seemed busy and left for the mines again. claims on Bates Lead. Found they didn't and anxious to make their fortune in a short pay. 18 Wed. June 15th. - time. We encamped on our town site at half Fry. Aug. 19th. Left the mines at Gregory Thur. June 16th. - past eleven Oclock this day near a fine diggings, Mountain City, Rockey Moun­ running stream of water by the side of the Fry. June 17th. Dug in gulch claim and tains, and started forthe Platte river, South road. Some of our company are out pros­ prospected thoroughly but thought it would­ Park, Rockey Mountains. pecting. I shall go tomorrow. We've all had n't pay. . Thur. Aug. 25th. Hearing verry unfavor­ a long and tedious journey and endured Sat. 18th. Engaged to work a claim on able reports about the South Park by men much hardship & fatigue. We certainly de­ shares on Gregory Lead. who had been there a number of days. We serve a rich reward from the mines and I Sun. June 19th. Heard preaching in the all concluded to return and find mines to am in hopes of getting it. No accident has forenoon by a Babtist minister - quite a work nearer by asthe season was too short happened to us. We've lost no cattle and large number were in attendance. The dis­ to go there and mine effectively this fall. only two of our boys have been sick and course was verry good. The text was Thur. Sept. 1st. that only for a few days. We're all now Psalms 119, 80th verse. He urged the plain Tues. Sept. 6th. Finding good claims on hearty and rugged and able to work with all practical truths of the gospel, with much Clear Creek. We commenced working our might. I've not been homesick since I feeling, good attention was given, and all them this day. left home but would liketo see my boy verry seemed to be suitably affected. It was a much and again bring joy to my parents. blessed time to me as I hadn't heard Sun. Sept. [?] Snowed in large flakes There's a great deal of hard work before me preaching before since leavingthe Missouri nearly all day, but thawed nearly as fast as if I work in the mines and a great deal of river. In the afternoon a Methodist minister it came down. Next morning no snow to be hard fare, but I'm perfectly willing to endure held class meeting. The house wasfull with seen only on the mountains. all if I can by these means release myself a number outside. All spoke and some with Thur. Sept. 29th. Commenced snowing from embarrasment and make me a com­ great earnestness, and a good deal of feel­ at night and snowed till noon of next day. fortable home. Seven weeks & one day ing. I enjoyed it well, and found it a profit­ Snow 7 or8 in deep. Wind inthe North East. have passed away since leaving Kansas able time for my soul. May I enjoy many Weather moderate. City and nine weeks since leaving home to more such blessed Sabbaths on earth. Sat. Oct. 1st. Ground quite bare and come to this place. We're bUsy in camp weather verry fine. preparing our packs &c to go to prospect­ [Note: The following entries from Mon­ day. June 20th to Friday. July 15th ing. How we shall succeed will be known in Sun. Oct. 16th. Snow fell 5 in deep in the future. had heen crossed out for some un­ evening. Stopped next morning. Most of it Wed. June 8th. Prospected, but found no known reason. The entries are tran­ off in a day or two. claim but what were engaged. In the eve­ scribed here in continuity.) Tues. Nov. 1st. ning had the extreme pleasure of seeing Mon. June 20th. Worked on gulch claim Thurs. Nov. 10th. Snow squalls all day. Mr. Horace Greeley of the New York Trib­ but met with no success. Took a lead claim Not verry cold. Wind S. W. to work on shares. une and of hearing him speak before nearly Fry. Nov. 11th. Snowed nearly all day. Tues. June 21 st. Commenced working two thousand miners upon the subjects of Snow 6 in. deep. Wind changed from SW. Mining, Temperance, Gambling & Pacific on lead claim owned by Amos Gridley (four to N.E. grew colder towards night. railroad. His remarks were listened to with of us). Thurs. Dec. 1st. Quite a mild day with a a great deal of interest, and served to en­ Wed. June 22nd. Worked on above light squall of snow at its close. lighten the minds ofall. Thefew remarks he claim. Fry. Dec. 2nd. Verry pleasent but cold. made upon Gambling and [?] drinking -I Thur. June 23rd. Three of us worked on think will have a good and lasting effect on claim. No prospect. Hard digging. Sat. Dec. 3d. Clear sunshiny day but cold all that heard him. He was greeted with north wind. three cheers upon arising to speak and Fry. June 24th. Ed & me worked all day. O. Nye half day, sick in afternoon. Sun. Dec. 4th. Snowed gently all day. At three more upon the close of the meeting. night 4 in. deep. Night quite cold and frosty. Thewords rang long and loud with the echo Sat. June 25th. Three of us worked on Sun. Jan. 1st. 1860. of the hearty [?] and long will be remem­ claim. Found color - quite encouraged. bered by all, the first, great meeting they Sun. June 26th. Went to meeting and Jan. 24th & 25th. Snowed quite hard. One attended while buried in the heart of the heard a good sermon - quite a large atten­ foot deep on the morning of the 26th. Rocky Mountains. Saw today a quantity of dance. Verry good attention given. Wed. Feb. 1st.

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Thurs. Mar. 1st. smoking down the precipices for at least 15 Sun. Apr. 1st. 1000 feet some of them being shattered 16 Nevada City 5.00 into fragments before reaching the bottom. Tues. May 1st. 20 Missouri City 5.00 This was grand sport for us, and we en­ Fryday June 1st. joyed it well. After spending considerable 21 Central City 6.00 WEDNESDAY, JULY 4th. Prepared in time at this sport we retraced our steps 22 Nevada do. 6.00 the morning for celebrating this day by put­ downthe Mountain arrived at our little cabin 23 Idaho" 2.75 ting up my dinner consisting of half a loaf about 5 Oclock somewhatfatigued, butwell 24 Mountain City pleased with our4th ofJuly Celebration and of bread baked in a frying pan and spread 27 Surprise party Nev 1.00 with dried apple sauce. Accompanied with wondered whether our families & friends at a few slices offried bacon. This being rolled home would enjoy it so well. 28 Central City up in paper & tied & placed in my pocket. I [The July4, 1860. entrymarks the end 29 Russells Gulch 4.00 was ready for a journey to one ofthe high­ of Samuel's daily diary. Twenty-eight 30 Neva City 4.00 est peaks of the Snowey Range where we remaining pages contain accounts he 31 Eureka Gulch 5.00 ! proposed going. Our company (consisting kept from time to time ofexpenditures Feb 3d Blackhawk point 1.60 of five persons) started at the appointed and of income. For example: wash­ 4 Central City time and after a slow & tedious ascent up woman. 38 cents; hammer. $2.00; 8 the mountains for nearly three hours, we Ibs beef, $1.00; 2~ lbs. butter. 75 6 Nevada gained the summit of the peak, much to the cents. Other necessities purchased 11 Central City 1.00 joy & satisfaction ofus all. Knowing thatthe were soap, matches, cheese. meat, ap­ 12 Nevada "1.00 most laborious part of our pleasure was ples. flour. lard. potatoes. coffee. 16 Idaho 4.00 over & a grand time of recreation awaited sugar, bacon, and the like. Amounts 24 Mountain City us. While standing on this high & lofty peak earned for day labor run from $3.50 to we beheld a beautifull and magnificent $12.40 per day. Intermittent entries 28 Blackhawk point 3.00 landscape before us. On our right we could help to trace his movements in 1861 Mar4 Central City 1.50 dimly see through the mist the noble sum­ and 1862). 6 Nevada do. 3.00 mit of "Pikes Peak" standing like a lonely Raymond, Hickman & Saint entered into 11 Central City 3.50 sentinel far above his brother mountains & partnership April 8th, 1861. 13 Blackhawk point seeming to keep a watchfull care over all 1.50 Commenced living in Stiles house June that part of his dominions. In our front we beheld the broad expansive plain with its 15th, 1861. NOTES beautiful! winding rivers & sparkling Commenced boarding to Western Hotel 1. Biographical data found in History of Macomb streams bordered with groves ofyoung and May 13th, 1861. County, Michigan (Chicago: M. A. Leeson & Co., thrifty timber. From this point, Denver City Commenced working for Mr. Hutchins May 1882), 630-633; Samuel D. Raymond's mititary re­ cords and invalid pension records in the National could be seen away off on the plain like a 15th. Archives; Denver city directories; Rocky Mountain haven of rest to the weary traveller after a Commenced opening the St. Laurence News, January 20, 1895, 11; Denller post, Sunday long & toilsome journey. On our left hand Lode July 17th, 1861. Afternoon. Supplement. February 16, 1902, 3; Denller Times, March 20, 1902, 5; OfficialRecords ofthe War ofthe away off in the distance could be seen the Went in with H. Powell, Mar. 17th 1862. bold & majestic Longs Peak surrounded Rebellion, 1:41:1 (Government Printing Office, 1902), 485-490. with numerous smaller ones & seeming to 1862. Commenced working for Wright look up to it for protection like a child to its Tuesday March 18th at night on Gunnell 2. An estimated 100,000 hit the gold rush trails in 1859. Perhaps 60,000 disillusioned prospectors turned parent. Behind us was the "Middle Park" Lode. [15 nights work paid a total of $35.00]. bad<, mostbelo(e reaching their8 Dorado and many with its broad & fertile valleys, watered with others after a few days at the mines. Carl Abbott, numerous bright & sparkling streams that Commenced boarding myself Nov. Stephen J. Leonard and David McComb, Colorado: spring from the mountains and flow into the 12th/61. A History ofthe Centennial State (Boulder: Colorado large & noble Grand River. On the other Commenced boarding to George, Sep. Associated University Press, 1982), 59. side ofthis could be seen another range of 13th. 3. Colorado Magazine, 7:4 (..lily 1930): 162. Later, mountains covered with snow & many LeRoy R. Hafen, ed., Overland Routes to the Gold Commenced boarding to H. Stiles Tuesday Fields, 1859, from Contemporary Diaries (Glendale: smaller ones resembling hills more than afternoon, Oct. 8th/61 . Arthur H. Clalk Company, 1942),20,35,41, mistak­ mountains. The high lofty pines also bore & Commenced Oct. 14th on Sullivan Lode enly referred to "the diary of A. E. Raymond," who a prominent part in decorating the Park, worked for Beverly Dys. was, in fact, the grandson 01 Sam uel D. Raymond and lent a pleasing contrast to the light and donor of the diary. Brief excerpts lrom Samuel green grass and bald mountains around [Raymond was a bugler during his Raymond's diary appeared in the Denver Post, Feb. them. On the whole, there was but one vast service in the Civil War. His musical 16, 1902, while he yet lived. The material was only talent may explain the following en­ 14 column inches in length. The text appeared to & continuous scene of grandure & beauty have been "dressed up" and several dates altered. •• before us, and wewere all well pleased with tries. probably from the winter of 1861-1862.) 4. "Cherokee Trail" is the widely used designation in the sight. Here we partook of our Sump­ Colorado for the route along the front range 01 the tious Dinner accompanied with Toassts. AMOUNT EARNED PLAYING Rockies northward from the Arklnsas River. It was , •• For our Lemonade, we had the cool & pure Dec. 24th at Harrisons 8.00 named after people of the Cherokee Nation who traveled this route on their way to the California gold water that came from the snow, which we 25 Nevada 8.00 liked verry well. After our dinner had been fields in 1849 and 1850. Other terms indude "Old Trapper's Trail," "Taos to Folt Bridger Trail," and dispached we formed in a line and sang the 27 Blackhawk point 5.00 30 do. 5.00 "Fort Laramie to Bent's Fort Trail." Thomas J. Noel, "Ode on Science" & the Star Spangled Paul F. Mahoney and Richard E Stevens, Historical Bannerwith loud & lusty voices, afterwhich 31 Idaho 6.00 Atlas ofColorado (Norman: University 01 Oklahoma we gave three cheers for America! and Jan 1st Ferris's 6.00 Press, 1944), 25-26; Albeit B. Sanford, "The Chero­ kee Trail and the First Discowry 01 Gold on Cherry three for the 4th of July. Then came the 2 Nevada 4.00 canonading!! which consisted in rolling Creek," Colomdo Magazine, 8:1 (January 1931): 7 Central City 30-34. great rocks down the precipices (some of 8 Nevada City 5. This description corresponds to that 01 the "Black which would weigh ten or fifteen hundred Pool" in Gregory M. Franzwa, The Santa Fe Tmil Ibs) which would go rolling & thundering & 10 Central City 5.00

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Rewsited (St. louis: The Patrice Press, 1989), 116­ Editor: on US 56. 117. Given Franzwa'sstatement, Raymond would be the only diarist thus far known to mention it. Sam and I thought your readers We would like it known that, while 6. The site of Fort Atkinson, 1850-1854, located west might like to know more about the art we experienced dismay and worry. the of present Dodge City. and artistofthe steamboatArabia that concern and support given by our fel­ 7. Up from Bonham, Texas, A. M. Gass intercepted the graced the first page of the August low TrnU travelers proVided relief and trail in this area ten dayslater. Upon first sighting the issue. The illustration Is a detail from a safe return home to Santa Fe. Mary Arkansas he exdaimed, "Jerusalem, what a sight! a painting ofthe Arabia by artist Gary Karraker. superintendent of Capulin Wagons - wagons - wagons - Pike's Peakwagons. . Lucy ofWashington, MO. We sawGary Volcano National Monument. was our ..I presume 300 ox-wagons in sight: Hafen, Over­ at work on the original several years mainstay. Mary and Leo Gamble of land Routes to the Gold Fields, 223. ago. It was commissioned to show the Springfield, CO, Teresa and Walter 8. The first mention of "go-backers."These people, and Arabia movements before she hit the Pickett of Los Alamos, and Jean and those to follow, had no word of John H. Gregory's important disoowry near present Central City on snag at Quindaro Bend. Chuck Hinkle of Mineral Springs were May 6, 1859, or that of a man named Jackson near Gary specializes in painting histori­ especially helpful. Idaho Springs in January 1859 but kept seael By cal views of the inland waterways. He We are confldent that the pioneers June the "rush" for gold was full-blown. and his wife, Sandy, are exceptionally who blazed the Trail left a legacy. The 9. An obvious error in distance. nice people as well as fine researchers. code of the West Is alive today. 10. The train's daily progress, based on Raymond's SFTA members who find themselves Larry and Doris Lyons mileages, isdifficult ifnot impossibleto ploton a map. near Washington south of St. louis 905 Calle Arco HOWlMlr, the romulatiw total is only some 40 m~es would enjoy seeing other works by Santa Fe NM 87501 short between present Dodge City and Denwr. Gary. Many of his paintings feature 11. The Big Sandy, in fact, had been passed about 110 scenes of travelers arriving or depart­ miles before this. ing on the westward trails. At The Fort 12. The HueJfano River lies 20 miles east of Pueblo. we have a fine view he did of Major This must be a reference to Fountain Creek, or "Fontaine qui Bouille." Long's fiagship. the Western Engineer. in 1819 at Council Bluffs. 13. Thesile known to otherdiarists as Jimmy's Camp is located 9 m~es east of present downtown Colorado Lucy's address is PO Box 233. Wash­ Springs. It was mentioned by Rufus B. Sage (1842), ington. MO 63090, telephone (314) HOOF PRINTS Francis Parkman in his private journal (1846), and 239-5970 or 239-6337. The gallery Is John Steele of the Monnon BattaUon (1847). It was easy to find in downtown Washington. -TRAIL TIDBITSs-- named for Jimmy Daugherty, a trapper and trader Gary's research is as excellent as his who, it seems, met his end about 1841 in the Pike's SFTA members Dan and Carol Peak region. His story has beoome legend. Carl F. talent and a visit to see the paintings. Sharp. Boise City. OK. recently re­ Mathews, The Jimmy Camp Trail (Colorado Springs: prints. and models in the gallery and ceived the Citizens of the Year Award by the author, 1946). Richard and Mary Ann Gehling studio is well worth a trip. of Colorado Springs thoroughly researched the sub­ from the Cimarron County Historical ject recently. Sonie Liebler deserves thanks for an Society for their work with federal. excellent article. giving us more on the 14. Fagan'sgraw lies underthis"Point of Rocks." Char­ state, and local officials in making les Michael Fagan, a trooper in the Marcy-loring interesting fate ofthe Arabia as well as Autograph Rock on their ranch a elCpedition bound from Fort Union to the U.S. Army pointing up what a good source of treasured resource for the area. in Utah, died and was buried here in May 1858. information on lifestyles of the period • • • • • Mathews, Jimmy, 10-13. that museums of the Arabia and Ber­ 15. RusselMlle, on the headwatersof CherryCreek, had trand provide. She also pointed out The Santa Fe Trail Town Hall meeting been named for WiUiam Green Russell, of Georgia, that river travel was often an impor­ at Las Vegas. NM. October 5. 1995, who first found a little gold there in 1858. tant link for trade and travel over the drewmore than 75 participants to plan 16. Auraria was located on the west bank of Cherry trails. for promotion of the 175th anniver­ Creek and Denwr City on the east bank. The two Carrie Arnold sary. Travel and tourism were tbe ma­ merged in April 1860 to become the city of Denver. 2865 S Colorado Blvd Ste 225 jor focal points of the sessions. For 17. The site of present-day Black Hawk, Colorado. Derwer CO 80222 more information, contact SFTA Pub­ 18. Ironically, "The Bates probably yielded as much as licityCoordinatorMike Pitel, New Mex­ 115,000 ounces of gold and 725,000 ounces of sil­ Editor: ico Dept. of Tourism. PO Box 20003. ver," in latermonthsand years. Terry Cox, Inside the I am a new member of SFTA. My Santa Fe NM 87503. Mountains (BoUlder: Pruett Publishing Company, great-grandfather. James Carothers • • • • • 1989),59. (sometimes spelled Carruthers). was a trader on the Trail in 1850 and per­ A feature article on the Kansas Heri­ POST OFFICE OAK haps earlier, My brotherand I are trac­ tage Center, Dodge City. was recently ing his life through various publica­ published in the Wichita Eagle. Direc­ -LETTERSs-- tions and have become interested in tor Noel Ary and Asst. Director Dave Webb. both SFTA members (Webb is Editor: the Trail. If anyone has information about James Carothers. I would like to on the board of directors). were pic­ I thank the Santa Fe TrnU Associa­ hear from them. Thank you. tured. The Center's holdings include tion in general and its award commit­ Robert A Bussian material on the Trail. , tee in particular for the Jack D. Ritten­ • • • • • house Memorial Stagecoach Award 707 Glen Echo Lane which I received at the symposium. Houston TX 77024 Spirit. the Magazine of the Rocky The award came as a complete sur­ Editor: Mountain Southwest. published at Walsenburg CO, has a section on re­ prise to me and the honor and tangible The spirit ofthe Trail surely lives on. evidences of it shall long be in my In August we participated in a wonder­ gional trails in the fall-winter 1995­ 1996 issue. The Santa Fe Trail Is one memory as the highlight of my Santa ful adventure in the Capulin-Springer of those featured. Fe Trail interests. area, meticulously planned by Nancy Pauline E. Fowler Robertson of Corazon de los Caminos • • • • • 3122 S Santa Fe Rd Chapter. Against all odds we had two The Dona Ana County Historical So­ Independence MO 64055 flat tires. one at Kiowa Camp and one ciety. Las Cruces. NM, will present a

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sesquicentennial symposium (1846­ visited the special exhibit. "Treasures the storyofthe carpenterwho built the 1996). an in-depth look at the origins of the Czars," at Topeka, KS. spiral staircase in historic Loretto of ethnic diversity in New Mexico. at • • • • • Chapel in Santa Fe. The identity ofthe the Hilton Hotel in Las Cruces on man is Francois-Jean (Frank) Rochas. Jtin Sherer, Dodge City Community March 30. 1996. Speakers include In time. Cook will relate the entire College, has received word that his Thomas E. Chavez, Oscar J. Martinez, story. proposal for an Elderhostel tour ofthe SFTA member John Porter Bloom, Santa Fe Trail in October 1996 has • • • • • Robert J. Torrez. Leon Metz. and oth­ been approved. Leo E. Oliva will serve The historic architecture of Raton. ers. For information contact DACHS. as tour guide. Details will be included NM. was featured in an article by 500 N Water St, Las Cruces NM 88001. in the next WT. Sharon Niederman in the Sept. 1995 • • • • • • • • • • issue ofNew Mexico Magazine. Most of The National Frontier Trails Center, the buildings date from the post-Trail SFTA board member Virginia Fisher Independence. MO. has obtained cop­ era. reports· that the Mid-Missouri Tele­ ies of diaries and sketches of an Irish r phone Co. will observe the 175th an­ • • • • • • artist. William James Hinchey, who niversary of the Trail by featuring an The Friends of the National Frontier traveled from Paris. France. to Santa illustration of a trader's wagon Trails Center newsletter. now in its Fe. NM, as an employee of Bishop (painted by SFTA member Marilynne sixth year. has a new name. "The Trail Lamy. Curator Anna Belle Cartwright Bradley, Webster Groves. MO) on the Scout." Membersofthe Friends receive is preparing material from this collec­ cover ofits 300-page directory to come this infor.mative publication. Contact tion for an article in Wagon Tracks. out in the fall of 1996. Text about the them at 318 West Pacific, Inde­ • • • • • Trail will be included inside. The serv­ pendence MO 64050. Secretary of the Interior Bruce Bab­ ice area of the company includes a • • • • • bitt visited the National Frontier Trails section of the Trail. Fisher urges folks SFTA Ambassador Paul Bentrup had Center. Independence. MO. on Octo­ along the entire Trail to contact their an article on the 1829 military escort o ber 4. He was especially interested in phone companies for similar publicity. printed in the Lakin (KS) Independent. the new Santa Fe Trail exhibits. He • • • • • Nov. 8. 1995. summarizing the sum­ was in Independence at the Truman Virginia Fisher suggests that the mer encampment ofthe troops In pre­ Home to speak against congressional yucca plant, seen at various points sent Keamy County. efforts to close some National Parks. along the Trail from Missouri to New • • • • • • • • • • Mexico, might be a fitting Santa Fe An illustrated article on the Camino The Cimarron Heritage Center. Boise Trail symbol. She recommends that Real by Douglas Preston appeared in City. OK. is planning a special Santa readers report yucca sightlngs and the Nov. 1995 issue of Smithsonian Fe Trail exhibit and hopes to have it in proposes this plant for consideration magazine. pp. 140-150. place for the celebratiOli of the 175th as an anniversary logo. anniversary ofthe Trail in 1996. It will • • • • • also be available for the 1997 SFTA An exhibit entitled "The Buffalo Sol­ symposium. diers West" will remain on display at • • • • • the Colorado History Museum, 1300 The Friends ofKawHeritage. Council Broadway, Denver, until the end of Grove, KS, promote the preservation December 1996. The special exhibi­ CONVERSE OF THE and interpretation of the Kaw Mission tion, prepared under the direction of PRAIRIES State Historic Site (where new SFTA Bill Gwaltney, superintendent of Fort Director Deanne Wright is curator) Laramie National Historic Site, uses -BOOK NOTICESs- and the history of the Kaw (Kansa) artifacts, photographs. writings, and Indians in the Council Grove area. demonstrations to depict the lives of John Taylor. Bloody Valverde: A eivU They publish a nice newsletter. An­ the black army units that served in the WarBattle on the Rio Grande. February nual memberships are $10 for indi­ West from 1866 to the 1890s. 21. 1862. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 1995. Pp 185. viduals and $20 for families. Send to • • • • • Friends of Kaw Heritage, 500 N Mis­ Maps, illustrations. bibliography. in­ Emily Fisher was born a slave in sion, Council Grove KS 66846. dex. Cloth. $29.95. Kentucky about 1808 and died at in­ • • • • Bloody Valverde is a welcome addi­ • dependence, MO, In 1898. After she tion to the grOwing numher of books Mick Cllfford's "Fort Union Cannon was freed, Fisher owned a hotel at the beingwritten about the Civil War in the .. Returned to Gettysburg" (WT. May corner of Main and Maple streets in West. Taylor presents a well-re­ 1995) has been reprinted in 40 Independence. This hotel was used by searched narrative about the little­ Rounds. Newsletter of the 13th InJan­ travelers on the Santa Fe and other known battle fought near Fort Craig, try, Company D, a Civil War reenact­ trails. She later developed a medicated .!' NM. in February 1862 and which con­ ment group. SFTA member Greg Ol­ salve. Recently a granite marker was tributed to the eventual ouster ofCon­ sen. Sioux Falls. SD, brother of SFTA placed at her unmarked grave in federate forces from New Mexico Terri­ V-P Mike Olsen. is a member of the Woodlawn Cemetery. Her biography tory. unit and made arrangements for the and photograph are at the National Taylor points out that more people reprint. Frontier Trails Center. are familiar with the Battle ofGlorieta, • • • • • • • • • • sometimes referred to as the "Gettys­ The Coronado Quivira Museum, SFTA member Mary Jean Cook, burgofthe West," than with the blood­ Lyons. KS, an institutional member of Santa Fe, NM, recipient ofan Award of ier battle ofValverde. "Yet," he argues, SFTA, recentlysponsored a bus trip to Merit at the recent symposium. was "this engagement which preceded Glo­ visit the Steamboat Arabia Museum in not present to accept the award be­ rieta by only a month. Involved more Kansas City. MO. On the way they cause she was in France researching than twice the number of casualties,

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and was instrumental in causing the story is told from the perspective of contribution to the story of women in Confederate army to abandon the field 12-year-old Sallie Fox, whose family the West), published by the Arthur H. at Glorieta when it did." leaves Iowa to join relatives in Califor­ Clark Co.. features writings by 13 Taylor points out that the only nia in 1858. After reaching Albuquer­ women who traveled westward during known charge by lancers in the Civil que they first attempt the newly­ the 1840s. War occurred at Valverde when Texas opened Beale Road. only to be turned Although none of them followed the cavalrymen armed with nine-foot-long back, after many difficulties, by a Mo­ Santa Fe Trail, this is an outstanding lances attacked a group of Colorado jave Indian attack in which the father collection of primary sources written volunteers with disastrous results for is killed and Sallie is wounded. On by women moving west. This inexpen­ the Texans. their retreat back to Albuquerque a sive edition makes it affordable for Although the Battle of Valverde was younger brother dies. Sa1Iie's mother most private libraries. It is hoped the won by the Confederates, it proved to and her four daughters eventually remainder of the series. which in­ be a hollow victory. Texan casualties reach Vacaville. CA, by joining other cludes Santa Fe Trail material, will were high, reducing the force to con­ emigrants on the Gila Trail. The hard­ follow in this format. tinue the conquest ofthe territory. and ships of wagon travel, weather. thirst, disease. sudden death, and capricious • • • • • the engagement left the rest of the Howard N. Monnett, Action Blifore soldiers exhausted. The Texan invad­ chance are well depicted. Dorothy Leland bases her story par­ Westport. 1864. Introduction and revi­ ers also lost needed logistical support sions by John H. Monnett. Reprint. materials such as wagons. mules. and ticularly on the historical journal of John Udell, who was in the same Niwot: University Press of Colorado, horses. 1995. Pp. 224. Maps, illustrations. One ofthe objectives ofinvadingNew wagon train as the Foxes. Memories of Fox descendants, photos, documents. notes. bibliography. index. Paper. Mexico had been the capture of Fort $19.95. Craig in order to secure the supplies and artifacts passed down in the fam­ ily provide further information. The Howard Monnett's 1964 (the centen­ necessary to permit the Confederates nial ofthe battle) detailed study ofthe to continue to operate in enemy terri­ memoirs of Marion Russell lend detail for the Santa Fe Trail portion ofSa1lie's Civil War Battle ofWestport. MO. dur­ tory. Despite their victory at Valverde, ing the final attem pt of the Confeder­ the Texans were unable to attack or adventures. Readers in New Mexico and the Southwest should be warned ates togain control ofMissouri, includ­ invest Fort Craig. This left a Union ing the eastern end of the Santa Fe stronghold in their rear as they ad­ that they may be drawn to El Morro National Monument where they can Trail, has been updated by his son, vanced north to attack Fort Union. The John. for reissue. The result is a case "Pyrrhic Victory"ofthe Confederates at stillsee Sallie's name which she carved there among the many others as she ofmakingthe bestbetter. for this is the Valverde helped lay the foundation for definitive work on this subject. Recom­ their later defeat at Glorieta Pass passed by. -Michael L. Olsen mended to Civil War enthusiasts eve­ where the Confederate invasion ofNew rywhere. all of whom will benefit from Mexico was halted on the Santa Fe • • • • • a better understanding of the war in Trail. Edwin L. Sabin. Kit Carson Days, the West. The inclusion of over 40 illustrated 1809-1868.2 vols.• rev. ed.• introduc­ • • • • • graphics of troop movements. maps, tion by Marc Simmons. Reprint. Lin­ photographs of battle leaders. and coln: University of Nebraska Press. Phil Carson. Anwng the Eternal Snows: pencil sketches ofthe action drawn by 1995. Pp. xx + 996. IDustrations. ap­ The First Recorded Ascent of Pikes participants greatly contribute to a pendices, notes. bibliography, index. Peak. July 13-15. 1820. Colorado Sp­ better understandingofwhat occurred Paper. $16.00 each vol. rings: FirstAscent Press. 1995. Pp. 48. on that February day in 1862 on the Maps, illustrations. notes, bibliog­ Sabin's biography of Carson. first raphy. Available for $9.00 postpaid Rio Grande. Anyone interested in the published in 1914 and revised in two New Mexico campaign or the Civil War from First Ascent Press, 2012 W Kiowa volumes in 1935, is nowreprinted with St. Colorado Springs CO 80904. in the west will want to include Bloody an introduction byMarc Simmons. De­ Valverde in their library. spite the fabrications of Oliver Perry Phil Carson is an officer in the Old -Mick Cl!fford Wiggins, exposed afterSabin died, and Spanish Trail Association and has • ••• • recent scholarship that has added to contributed articles to WT. His booklet and refined the Carson story, this old ofEdwin James's climb to the summit Dorothy Kupcha Leland. Sallie Fox, ofPikes Peak, accompanied byJoseph The Story ofa Pioneer Girl. Davis. CA: standard remains a valuable introduc­ tion to the life and times ofthe remark­ Verplank and Zachariah Wilson. is Tomato Enterprises. 1995. Pp. 117. based on previously unused material IDustrations. map. Paper. $8.95. Or­ able Kit, includinghis activities on the Santa Fe Trail. Any student ofCarson found in James's diary and letters der from Tomato Enterprises, PO Box (used with the unfortunate restriction 73892, Davis CA 95616. will benefit from reading this sweeping narrative. that no direct quotations were permit­ This novel of the Santa Fe Trail has ted). • • • • • several interesting twists of plan and All three men were part of Major plot. First, it is a lightly fictionalized Kenneth L. Holmes. ed., Covered Stephen H. Long's 1820 expedition account of one family's true adven- Wagon Women: Diaries & Lettersfrom which helped lay the groundwork for . tures on the Trail. Second, it takes that the Western Trails, 184D-1849. Intro­ the opening of commercial trade with family beyond Santa Fe to California. duction by AnneM. Butler. Reprint, Santa Fe the following year. This brief The Beale Wagon Road and the Gila Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, account provides new information route figure as prominently as the 1995. Pp. 280. Map, illustrations, about the Long expedition and James Santa Fe Trail. notes. index. Paper, $12.00. as well as the ascent which Carson Though written as a "juvenile." the This reprint of volume one of the attempted to retrace on the ground. book should appeal to anyone over the eleven-volume series Covered Wagon Readers will wish Carson could have age of ten and is an excellent choice to Women: Diaries and Letters from the provided more details and quotations read aloud to younger children. The Western Trails, 184D-1890 (a major from James's papers.

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THE STONE CORRALAi UTILE RIVER CROSSING, PART I

by Ed Undell

(Ed Lindell owned a bank and there let your imagination carry you the train is well under way at the first lumberyard in Windom, KS, in the back to the ~fdlies." You will probably streak of light. It is summer and they early 1930s. He published for the hear a rumble and roar, interspersed must travel while It is cool and they Lindell Lumber Co. a mimeographed with the sharp cracks ofthe bullwhips slowly rumble along for six or eight newspaper, The Blazer, in 1932. and the loud yells, and probably oaths miles and then a halt, corral and Several issues of this paper were ofthe bullwhackers, with the clanking breakfast. The oxen are again turned • preserved by Art and Anna Hubenett ofchains and the creaking and groan­ out to graze during the heat ofthe day and made avaUable to WT by their ing of the heavy laden wagons. Then and theydo not again start until about son-in-law, SFTA member Bruce Pal­ there appears over the brow ofthe hill three o'clock, travel six or eight miles r• mer of Lindsborg, KS. Lindell was four long lines of large prairie schoo­ more and corral again for the night. interested in the Santa Fe TraU and ners driving abreast, each drawn by Every wagon train is organized and wrote several articles about it in The from six to twelve yoke of oxen, the conducted with military precision and Blazer. What he wrote about the wagon master riding ahead. the rules ofthe train and the Captain's Stone Corral near the crossing of the He halts the caravan on the bottom orders must be obeyed. We have now Little Arkansas River in Rice County, land on the east side but he does not traveled, in our imagination, for a day in issues dated AprU 15 and May 2, corral, always they cross the stream with a typical Santa Fe Trail caravan. 1932, is ofspecial interest since there before they corral and camp. The river They are now in the big buffalo range arefew sources available about the banks are steep and muddy, the wag­ country where vast herds of buffalo corral. The account is reprinted in two ons are heavy and the oxen are tired. blacken the prairies and from Stone parts as was the original; part two There must be no delay, the wagons Corral to Bent's Old Fort in Colorado will appear in the next WT. A few must be taken across as quickly as they will seldom be long out ofsight of corrections have been made; other­ possible. The wagon master orders two them. ox teams, of six yoke each, to unhitch wise this appears as Lindell wrote it.) Now, while the caravan is creeping and hitch in the lead ofthe first wagon, its way toward the setting sun, let us BUT few places now remain that show then across they go, nothing can stop any part of the old Trail. The years of those thirty- six oxen, even though the return to the river crossing. It is 1932 cultivation have about eradicated it wheels sink to the axles, as they often again and we still see plainly the deep cuts in the river bank where the Trail from view. However, there is one place do. The heavywagon is dra~ed up the in our vicinity that shows clearly the steep bank to the high ground on the crossed the river. Most of the stone in deeply worn roadway. Visit the marker west side. Others are doubling and the old ford is still in place and one at The Old Stone Corral at the Little crossing while whose who have may easily cross to the other side, if River Crossing, the southwest quarter crossed return for the remaining wag­ the river is not too high. On the west of section 13, township 20, range 6 in ons, then they hitch and pull on to the bank stands the granite marker with the following inscription: ~SANTA FE Rice County. Look closely and you will higher ground and the order is to ~sin­ see where the Trail crossed the river gle me." TRAIL. Pioneers Crossed this Ford From 1822 to 1872. Erected by Uvalde and up the north bank. Notice the They string out and the order is to Chapter, Daughters of the American large cottonwood that has grown up in ~corral" and the lead wagon starts to Revolution, Hutchinson, Kansas, the roadway about half way up the circle. When it reaches near the rear 1929." north bank (eds. note: this tree may wagon it halts and unhitches, the next have been there dUring Trail days for wagon is drawn up behind, the oxen We have described the Trail as it the wagon ruts go around both sides on the inside of the first wagon, until crosses the McConnell pasture. How­ of it). This old tree, probably as large the front wheels interlock with the rear ever, the original trail approached the at the base (over five feet in diameter) wheels of the first. The others do like­ crossing from the southeast comer of as any tree now growing on the river's wise until a corral ofwagons is formed the section through sections nineteen bankfrom source to mouth, has grown in a complete circle. Theyare in Indian and twenty in Hayes Township, but up in the old Trail, and stands a silent country now and every precaution during the heavy traffic period, the sentinel guarding the old roadway, must be taken. The oxen are unyoked, route was changed to find a better and with its mighty root system, pro­ watered and taken out away from the crossing across Lone Tree creek and tecting it from obliteration by floods trail where the grass is good and herd­ the new, or north route, branched off and erosion; Nature's living monu­ ers are detailed to guard them while from the original route at about the • ment to this famous old crossing. May they graze, ready to drive them quickly line between sections twenty-one and men and the elements guard and pro­ into the wagon corral at the first alarm twenty-two in Hayes Township. The tect this grand old tree from injuryand of Indians. Trail had a similar division in the vi­ destruction as well as she has guarded Camp fires are built and supper is cinity of Canton. her historic charge. cooked, perhaps buffalo or antelope Let us follow along the river's bank Step up on the river's bank from this steak, if the hunters have been lucky, about thirty rods south. Those scat­ tree, look east and you will see plainly black coffee, bread made in a Dutch tered stone in the field and the raised the old Trail as it comes down over the oven, and perhaps very little else. Beds surface mark the spot where stood the hill in the McConnell pasture. I am are made under the stars, very likely famous Old Stone Corral. Edgar Bean, sure you will want to examine it more under the wagons, guards are sta­ whose father homesteaded the Corral closely. Climb through the pasture tioned and relieved at intervals dUring farm, was born and reared on the farm fence and across the ravine and see the the night. This is one duty from which and well remembers the Corral when deep ruts. Note the width, over 225 none are exempt unless he is ill. two walls were still standing, and de­ feet, often in the large trains fouror five Comes the dawn, the oxen are already scribes it from his memory, and from wagon~ traveled abreast. As you stand yoked and hitched to their loads and the description as told him by his par-

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ents. as follows: MThe Inclosure was To Small Drain ...... 20 To Newport ...... 5 about three hundred feet square. the • Anderson's Caches on the • Pinckney, or Griswold city • 10 walls were of native stone, quarried Arkansas ...... 20 • Loutre . '" . 10 nearby, and were seven feet high, two • Pond Camp west of Arkansas river 7 • Gasconade " 10 feet across the top and wider. probably • • The Two Ponds .. 22 • Portland .... 10 three feet. at the bottom. The walls • Several Ponds . 19 • Smith's Landing 10 were exceptionally well laid. without mortar. and the work was a splendid • The Lake .. .12 • Cote sans Dessein . .8 example ofdry masonry. At the south­ • Sandy Creek . 12 • Jefferson city • 12 east corner was the only gateway • Lone Pond .. .14 • Nashville ... • 12 where wagons might drive in. On each • Small Pool . . .22 • Rocheport.. • 15 side were three portholes, about eight • The Semiron . 8 • Franklin and Booneville .. 10 by ten inches on the inside and about • The Lower Spring . 2 • Arrow Rock . ••• 15 twenty Inches long on the outside. ta­ • Salt Camp . . 8 • Glasgow.. .. 15 pering In to give a maximum range of • Nitre Camp .... . 21 • Jefferson '" .8 " vision." The cost ofconstruction must • The Willows ... . 7 • Doylestown 12 have been several thousand dollars. • Saltpetre Camp, in view of • Mouth Grand river 10 The storyofThe Old Stone Corral will • Sugar-house Mound .10 • Caton's Landing . 25 be continued in the next Issue, May l, • • Upper Semiron spring .10 • Webb's Landing .5 1932. •• • Seven Mile Creek (continued in next issue) • · 7 • Fine's Landing • •• 10 • Drain Camp · 8 • Lexington ... • . 15 COUNCIL TROVE • Two Pools .17 • Camden . 20 • Rocky Pool 8 • Sibley. . • 12 -DOCUMENTS~ • Bad Water • · 7 • Richfield • 10 • Sugar Loaf . . 5 • Liberty.. . 10 TABLE OF DISTANCES, 1837 • • • Kiawa Camp .10 • Independence .8 Marc Simmons located the following • • Sabine Camp • Chouteau's . 12 table of distances in the Gazetteer of · 15 ••• the State of Missouri, compiled by Al­ • Round Mound · 4 • Cantonment Leavenworth . 40 • Rocky Branch .12 phonso Wetmore (published at st. Total 431 Louis in 1837). Simmons suggests • Summit Level, in view of Rocky that this list is of particular interest Mountains · 8 CAMP TALES because it predates Josiah Gregg and • Harl's Camp · 6 has some unfamiliar place names. • Point of Rocks .10 -CHAPTER REPORTS~­ From Jackson county to Santa Fe. • Deep Hollow . · 7 Cimarron Cutoff • Canadian Fork Miles · 15 President Helen C. Brown • Mule Creek .. To Camp Grove ... 16 · 6 PO Box 1400 • Pilot Knobs .. • Big Blue river ford 20 · 19 Elkhart, KS 67950 • Tar Kiln Grove .20 (316) 697-4597 • Round Grove 14 • EI Moro .... .10 The chapter met Oct. 28. 1995, at the • Belmont .. ... 20 • EI Sapiote Morton County Historical Society Mu­ • Left-hand Grove . 18 · 2 • Rio Las Guienas .18 seum in Elkhart. KS. Special guests • Right-hand Grove 18 • San Magil (village) .25 were SFTA Vice-President Mike Olsen • Elk Creek .... .5 and his wife Patti from Las Vegas, NM. • Santa Fe ...... 40 • Marie des Cignes 11 Mrs. Olsen was appointed education Rock Creek .. .5 Total, 897 chairman of SFTA at the symposium • Prairie Camp 13 • • • • • in September. Indian Camp. .9 MISSOURI RIVER MILES. 1837 President Brown discussed plans for • High-water Creek 15 the 175th anniversary in 1996and the The same Gazetteer contains a table 1997 symposium. The Kansas State Council Grove on Neosho .8 of distances by water on the Missouri Historical Society is planning special • Plain Creek .. .5 River from st. Louis to Fort Leavne­ events at 15-mile intervals along the • Diamond Spring ...... 8 worth. Since the river route was an Trail, the distance a wagon train could • Prairie Spring . .8 Important part of the trade link be­ travel in a day. to commemorate the • Hook's Spring On prairie) .8 tween the U.S. and northern Mexico, 175th anniversary. Brown suggested • Cottonwood Grove 13 this table Is also reproduced. that Dave Webb's Adventures with the

• Lake Camp . • 18 Distances by water from St. Louis to Santa Fe TraU: AnActlvltyBookforKids • Small Creek ... 20 Fort Leavenworth, Missouri River. & Teachers might be given to school children along the Trail in Kansas as Little Arkansas .. 18 Miles part of the 175th celebration. • Branch of Cow Creek 12 From St. Louis to the mouth of the Joe Hartman, Cimarron National • Main Cow Creek ... 13 Missouri .20 Grassland ranger. told of an exhibit • Arkansas river .... 15 To Charbonnere .20 planned by his office as part of the • Walnut Creek (up the Arkansas) 20 • St. Charles . · 8 National Park Service celebration of • Ash Creek ...... 24 • Tavern Rock .20 the 175th anniversary on July 13-14, • Pawnee Fork of Arkansas .8 • Mount Pleasant .10 1996. in Elkhart. Dan Sharp, co-chair­ • Plain Camp 15 • Washington 5 man with David Hutchison, spoke of • Little Pond ...... 21 • Marthasville · 5 the plans for the 1997 symposium.

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Brown appointed a nominating com­ where the Santa Fe Trail crossed each Committee paid for the two signs at mittee to prepare a slate for the elec­ section by chain measurement. 142 Mile Creek. tion in January at the meeting in A letter from Harry Myers was read The Old Stone Barn Day church Wheeless, OK. Those named were in which he asked the chapter to send service was well attended and every­ Florence Merritt, Jimmy Hall, and its plans for the 175th celebration. one enjoyed Circuit Rider Rosie Mary Gamble. Also a letter from Mike Olsen, new Clymer and the concert by the Singing Texas Panhandle vice-president ofSFTA, to the National Rancher Bennie Holtsclaw. President Kathy Revett Park Service, was read. He stated that This years annual trail ride from Fort 3505 Cinderella the Wagonbed Spring> site had a "true Riley to Council Grove in June was Amarillo, TX 79121-1607 flavor" of the Trail as it is "nice and very wet. It started with about 100 (806) 358-7320 lonely." riders and ended with about 60. Plans Thanks to the hard work of Alvin It is not quite "lonely" enough, how­ have been laid for the 1996 trail ride Lynn, Scott Burgan, and Dennis Clay­ ever, as the metal buffalo and the his­ to coincide with the Santa Fe Trail toric sign at the site have been shot up program series beginning June 5 at I. ton, a working model for "The Texas Panhandle & Canadian River Routes numerous times by vandals. Edward Lone Elm, south of Olathe. More de­ of the Fort Smith-Santa Fe Trail and Dowell had installed the third new tails are available from Don Cress. the Gregg-Marcy Santa Fe Trail" bro­ pum p for the wagon boxat the site and The chapter's 175th committee is chure has been completed. Copies it was still operating. The solar panel working on programs at Overbrook, were passed outat the symposium and will be stored for the winter. Burlingame, Wilmington, 142 Mile generated interest. The goal is to have The water erosion at the site has Creek, the Old Stone Bam, Council the final version completed in time for been surveyed and the land owners, Grove, Diamond Spring>, and the Six the 175th anniversry in 1996, and to Porter and Kreie, plan to correct the Mile Crossing. distribute to chambers of commerce, problem. Lewis reported on setting up Thirty-one people from the Council tourist bureaus, travel businesses, a booth at the Kansas SamplerFestival Grove area attended the symposium. and museums throughout the Pan­ at Inman to distribute information on The chapter annual meeting was held handle. This brochure could be a Wagonbed Springs. Oct. 26 at the Kaw Mission in Council springboard for development ofa trav­ Visitors from 13 states and one for­ Grove. eling exhibit which would focus more eign countryhad signed the register at We urge members to renew their public attention on this segment ofthe the site. Frank Trotman and Paul Hey­ membership to the Heart of the Flint Trail when placed in schools and mu­ man will investigate the possibility of Hills chapter so they can be aware of seums. Persons interested in such a having a U.S. postage stamp issued to all the activities that are happening in project should contact Kathy Revett. commemorate the 175th anniversary 1996. Ourdues arejust $5.00 over the Kathy Revett, Lavern and Jerry ofthe openingofthe Trail. Roger Jones SFTA dues. Hays, and other chapter members at­ has designed badges for the 175th an­ tended the 1995 Symposium and gave niversary of the Santa Fe Trail. 1821­ End of the Trail it and the president's breakfast high 1996, with an ox-drawn covered President Margaret Sears marks. wagon and the chapter's name. He has 1871 Candela Santa Fe, NM 87505 On Nov. 5 the grandson of Marion them for sale. (505) 473-3124 Sloan Russell, O. L. Russell, capti­ Several members attended the 1995 No report. vated the chapter when he related an­ SFTA symposium at Lamed and Great ecdotes about and displayed artifacts Bend in September. These included Ed Corazon de los Caminos belonging to his famous grandmother and Joan Lewis, Ron and Karla President LeRoy LeDoux and pioneering family. French, Marion McGlohon, and Leo PO Box 94 Biennial election of officers will be and Mary Gamble. Wagon Mound, NM 87752 (505) 666-2262 held at the Feb. 4, 1996, meeting. All Harry Myers is the chapters newest members are encouraged to think member. Maybe he joined because he No report. about serving in a office or on a com­ overtook SFTA members Ron and Wet/Dry Routes mittee. The speaker, Keith Latham, Karla French on their way home to President Louis Van Meter will talk about his reenactment group Ulysses from the symposium and they PO Box 234 which interprets the 1830sand 18408, all stopped to discuss the Texas "Inva­ Burdett, KS 67523 a time frame which fits in with the SFT. sion." Orperhaps hejoined because he (316) 525-6696 More information about this meeting wore RogerJones's newpin for Wagon­ No report. will appear in the next chapter news­ bed Springs at the symposium and Dodge City/Fort Dodge letter. decided he wanted to be a member of that active historic chapter. Welcome President Janet Bevers Wagonbed Spring 513 Andrew Street Harry. President Ed Lewis Dodge City, KS 67801 602 E San Jacinto The winter meeting will be at the (316) 227-8420 .- Ulysses, KS 67880 Peddlar's Inn in Ulysses, KS, Jan. 11, On Oct. 27, 1995, chapter members (316) 356-2141 1996, 7 p.m. met for a noon luncheon at the Dodge Ed Lewis presented the agenda for Heart of the Flint Hills House Restaurant and a program on the 1996 175th anniversary activities President Donald B. Cress the Caches. Keith Chadd, Betty Brad­ in Grant and Stevens counties at the RR 1 Box 66 dock, and David Klopennborg pre­ fall meeting at Hugoton, KS, Oct. 12, Council Grove, KS 66846 sented information ofthe history ofthe 1995. Thirty members and guests at­ (316) 767-5826 Caches, marking the site, and the res­ tended. The chapter recently installed three toration of the monument. Lewis also reported on the first sur­ more intrepretive signs. Bonnie Sill Restoration of the Caches marker vey of the roads and bridges in Grant paid for the sign at the Six Mile Creek west of Dodge City was accomplished County from 1876 to 1884, indicating Crossing, and the Allan Centennial by Scout Stephen Smith, under the

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direction of David Klopennborg, as a It is included here with the current requirement for the Eagle Scout , report.) award. Smith was recognized with a ,, We had a super tum out for the Certificate ofAppreciation at the meet­ -,. - Ing. Eagle Scout Smith Is a member of cleanupdayat Timpas southwest ofLa BSA Troop 110, sponsored by LDS Junta on Colorado Highway 350. Ruts

~ and the remains ofan old stage station Church of Dodge City. '0, _ .. ... ¥ -:--- , are visible at the location. Not long ago Missouri River Outfitters the Comanche National Grassland President Anne Carter constructed a nice picnic area with a 964NW600 rest facUity and Interpretive signs at Centerview, MO 64019 (816) 230-7228 the site. Our chapter worked with the Comanche National Grassland The Missouri River Outfitters held a through chapter memberJamie Kln~­ Joint meeting with the Friends of the Marker erected by Cottonwood Cross­ bury. and with the Colorado Boys National Frontier Trails Center In In­ Ranch, which provided a supervisor dependence. MO. J. Frederick Fause, Ing Chapter where the Chisholm Trail crossed the Santa Fe Trail, I to r, and some youngmen to do much ofthe dean of Pierre LaClede Honors College heavy work. and associate professor of history at George Schutte, Gil Michel, John Dick, the University of Missouri In St. Louis and Dennis Youk. The day was cloudy and cool. so we delivered a presentation on the fur could not have asked for a better day trade titled "Partners In Pelts." to work. Itwas also an exceptional day to plant the trees. flowers, shrubs and The next meeting will be a covered seeds that were donated by partici­ dish dinner on Sunday, Dec. 10. 2:00 pants or purchased by the Comanche p. m., at the home of Rlva and Jim National Grassland. The plants had a Jacobs. For further Information con­ better chance to survive given the tact any MRO officer. weather conditions. The site certification committee Is pleased to report that It has been suc­ We had a wonderful time seeing old friends and meeting new ones. The cessful in making contacts with and tour of Tim pas, Iron Spring. and Hole obtaining cooperation from several 10­ In the Rock that followed was great. A cal landowners to. pursue the certifica­ former resident of the Tlmpas area tion process. Member Rlva Jacobs Is spoke to us about the "early days." currently working on a tourist hand­ out highlighting Santa Fe Trail related Jamie tells us that Comanche Na­ sites In the Independence area. tional Grassland officials were Im­ MRO's education committee Is pre­ pressed with the work accomplished paring a traveling Santa Fe Trail ex­ and the cooperation of the different hibit which can be shared with Inter­ groups. We were featured on the front ested educators after the first of the page of the Rocky Ford Gazette with a year. Mounted on four hinged 4 x 4 Gil Michel and John Dick with another photograph and story. upright panels, It Includes maps ofthe new marker set by Cottonwood Cross­ On Aug. 15 the chapter held a tour SFT. color brochures, pictures appro­ ing Chapter. ofseveral sites in the Lamar, CO, area, priate to the topic, and some "hands under the direction of Trail boss. Dale on" artifacts. set near Durham, KS. Kesterson. The tour began at the Big Eric and Pauline Fowler will lead a On Oct. 7 and 8 the chapter spon­ Timbers Museum. Lamar, where mem­ Trail Trek (by bus) next AprU covering sored a booth at the Kansas Sampler bers looked through exhibits and en­ the Trail from LeXington to Schu­ Festival near Inman, KS. We had a joyed goodies graciously provided by macher Park, but the date has not yet great time visiting with the people in­ the museum staff. At the museum, been finalized. terested In the SFT, and added some chapter member and Bent's Fort his­ of their names to our mailing list. torian, Craig Moore gave a program on PresidentCarter's Internetaddress Is "Bent's New Fort." a place that we vis­ acarter @ ccmail.raytown.kI2.mo.us. On Oct. 22 our chapter led a tour of Ited laterIn the day. This beautiful and Marlon county sites on the Trail from Quivira historic museum was built from stones the new marker on the McPherson President Linda Colle that were left behind after Fort Lyon county line on Highway 56 to Lost 724 Penn Drive was moved from Its first site to Its McPherson, KS 67460 Spring. Ruts were walked In at several locations, and observed In several present site east of Las Animas. We (316) 241-8719 were able to see in some places the other places. At least 90 people Joined No report. early "graffiti" left on the stones by our caravan, bravingKansas wind and people who lived and worked at "Old Cottonwood Crossing 0 dust. President John Dick Fort Lyon." POBox 103 Bent's Fort Moving westward, the next stop was Goessel, KS 67053 President Earl Casteel the site of Bent's New Fort. William On May 29. 1995. chapter members­ 5666 5 I06Rd Bent moved his operation to this place erected a markerat the junction ofthe Alamosa, CO 81101 after he had abandoned Bent's Old Santa Fe Trail and the Chisholm Trail (719) 589-206 I Fort which was located farther up the three mUes east of Canton. KS. The (Your editor apologizesfor listing "no Arkansas River. Here caravan mem­ monument was financned by the Mar­ report"for the Bent's Fort Chapter in bers were able to see the scattered Ian County Economic Development the last issue. A full report was stones and the earthworks that sur­ Council. SFT markers have also been submitted but somehow overlooked. rounded the "new" fort and view some

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more graffiti calVed in the stones near brought the Osage orange to New Mex­ the river bank. ico. planted the oldest fruit trees along The next stop was the area of Old the way. and why the spotted poison Fort Lyon. At this site SFTA Ambassa­ hemlock was allowed to colonize some dor Paul Bentrup provided informa­ irrigation ditches. Drop me a note or tion about the fort's plan and the loca­ call if you have information and I will tion of the buildin~. arrange for a telephone or personal interview. Proper acknowledgement The final stop of the tour was the will be given should any ofyour maie­ picnic area at the John Martin Reser­ rial be used in print. Thank you. voir. Forty-twowearytour participants I am putting together a collection of , Santa Fe Trail postcard images for a Gall Tierney relaxed in the shade ofthe cottonwood 415 Camlno Manzano trees and shared their mealtime and slide show at an upcoming sympo­ Santa Fe NM 87501 l ' sium. The images can be black and Trail experiences of the day with each (505) 983-5001 I other. white, hand tinted, or postcard art. >- I am seeking a publisher for my The next event was held at the invi­ The subject matter can be the Trail itself. main streets of communities make-it-yourself pop-up book Santa tation of chapter members Don and Fe Trall: From CivUizatlon to Sundown. Katherine Berg, owners ofthe Wootton through which the Trail passed. peo­ ple. the town's water tower, the coming Ranch on Raton Pass. Don and Kath­ ofthe railroad. automobiles stuck in a erine presented an interesting pro­ gram on the historyofWootton, his toll rut, you name it. Postcard images with an inscription referencingthe Trail are road, his ranch. and what happened to the property after the family no longer particularly desirable. If anyone has owned it. Members toured the old these, please send a photocopy to me to determine iftheycan be used. Origi­ adobe barn on the site and enjoyed the refreshments prepared by Katherine. nals may be sent to me for copying. and the postcards will be returned as The event was attended by 34 mem­ soon as slides can be made from them. bers and their families. Your help is appreciated. On Nov. 4 members gathered to re­ Joy Poole view the accomplishments of our first Fort Collins Museum full year as a chapter and to plan for 200 Mathews our next year. Plans were also made Fort Collins CO 80524 for our annual meeting which will be This is a full-color paperbound book held on a yet to be determined date in I am an artist who wishes to create a highlighting six Trail sites: Franklin January 1996. historical collage that combines post­ MO. Council Grove KS. Pawnee Rock age stamps on an art background and KSS, Bent's Old Fort CO. Fort Union PAPER TRAILS pictorial postmarks. I need an exten­ NM, and Santa Fe NM. Please contact sive and complete list of events and by Mike Olsen me for more information. dates and times of the anniversary of Louann C. Jordan THE following are additional entries the Santa Fe Trail celebrations. Any 1524 Camino Sierra Vlsta for adult fiction on the Santa Fe Trail. information concerning towns having Santa Fe NM 87504 Trail fiction for the purpose of this list special postmarks for the events will (505) 983-2994 means that somewhere in the novel be appreciated. I did a piece for the some of the characters actually travel centennial of the Oklahoma land run. NEW SFTA MEMBERS along the route. Some of these new Itisin 10 museums and ourgovernor's I I entries are courtesy of Helen M. Eric­ mansion. I hope to accomplish a true This list includes new memberships son. Emporia KS. Heart of the Flint masterpiece for the SantaFe Trail also. received since the last issue. Those Hills Chapter. and Cheryl J. Foote, Any help and information that I will received after this printingwill appear SFTA member from Albuquerque, NM. need to be at all these events will be in the next issue. Ifthere is an error in Ifanyone has more entries, send them de~ply appreciated. I know you will this information, please send correc­ to Mike Olsen, 1729 Eighth St. Las love this art. tions to the editor. We thank you for Vegas NM 87701. He plans to write a Ken Tunnel your support. review article later. evaluating some of 10524 Goldenrod Lane these and other novels. Midwest City OK 7313~7023 Bristow, Gwen. Jubilee Trail. New C & B Auto Supply, PO Box 549, Ulysses I am researching the botany of the KS 67880 , York. Thomas Y. Crowell, 1950. SantaFeTrailand need the aidofsome Spirit Magazine, PO Box 376, Walsenburg Fisher, Clay. Santa Fe Passage. Bos­ obselVant people. The type ofinforma­ CO 81089 ton. Houghton Miffiin, 1952. tion I am looking for includes (1) ob­ Giles, Janice Holt. Voyage to Santa Fe. scure published or unpublished ob­ Daniel A. Burton, 923 N Linden Ct, Wichita Boston, Houghton Miffiin. 1962. seIVations. notes, journals, letters. and lore that mention wild or culti­ KS 67206 McCreede, Jess. Mountain Men on the vated plants grOwing by, carried on. Santa Fe TraH. New York. Windsor eaten. or seen along the Trail. (2) Publishing Corp., 1992. Robert A. & Sally P. Bussian, 707 Glen anomalies of vegetation in the swales Echo Ln, Houston TX n024 The Hunters, Reid. Mayne. Scalp A Ro­ of the Trail, at water holes. campsites. Tracy & Linda Caffey, PO Box474, Ulysses mance oj Northern Mexico. London & and homesteads, (3) the types ofseeds. KS 67880 Glasgow. Collins' Clear Type Press, .cuttings or rootstock. who brought James G. Dieter, 6602 Pauma Dr, Houston n.d. them and how they were kept viable. TXn069 Seifert. Shirley. The Turquolse Trail. and (4) fact or lore of who first planted James & Ralphea Hill, PO Box 547, Good­ Philadelphia. J. B. Lippincott. 1950. the black willows in the Watrous area, well OK 73939

November 1995 Wagon Tracks 27

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1996 27 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 10 [1996], Iss. 1, Art. 1

Dale & Glenda McWilson, PO Box 491, ties planned for the 175th anniversary Lamar CO 81052 on the calendar. Thank you. FROM THE EDITOR Sam & Arthur Swinehart/Rowe, Ruhrhofer­ We enjoyed the excellent symposium gasse 14,1180 Wien, AUSTRIA Dec. 2-3, 1995: Victorian Christmas and thank Steve Linderer and all who Open House. Mahaffie Farmstead, iNDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIPS made it happen. We appreciated the Olathe. KS. Contact Michelle Caron at opportunity to visit with folks and Janet C. Armstead, 1806 2nd St, Wamego (913) 782-6972. KS 66547 learn more about activities along the Robert J. Brito, 1015 Jackson St, Las Dec. 5 & 7, 1995: Christmas Season TraU. We are especiallygrateful for the Vegas NM 87701 Candlelight Tour of Alexander Majors Increased budget for editorial duties. Frank M. Clark, 1302 Ohio Ave, Historical House. 6:30 to 8:30 pm. at Contrary to plans to get moved into Alamogordo NM 88310 820I State Line Road, Kansas City the town house by now. this issue Is D. Dietrich, 801 W Pine, Independence KS MO. Contact Ross Marshall (816) 333­ again being produced (later than 67301 5556. usual) at the old office at the farm. Scott M. Divis, RR 2 Box 16, Lewis KS Dec. 10, 1995: Missouri River Outfit­ Everyone planningsomethingfor the 67552 ters Chapter meeting. 2:00 p.m. Garth Doerksen, Box 1272, Winkler Mani­ 175th anniversary is reminded that Jan. 11, 1996: Wagonbed Spring the information should be sent to \VI'. toba, CANADA R6W 4B3 Chapter meeting. Peddlar's Inn. Ulys­ Carol L. Duerksen, RR 3 Box 106, Hillsboro There is no way we can keep track of KS 67063 ses, KS. 7:00 p.m. these events unless you provide the Mel Fennell, PO Box 1091, Evergreen CO June 8·9, 1996: National Frontier basic information. We frequently re­ 80439 Trails Center. Independence. MO. ceive complaints that we did not in­ Nancy Lewis, 1112 Oak Ridge Dr, Blue celebration of 175th anniversary with clude details ofan upcoming meeting. Springs MO 64015 reenactors of Santa Fe traders. Mexi­ Most often the reason Is that no one Paul Metzger, 4009 W Friendly Ave, can War dragoons, other military bothered to let us know. The February Greensboro NC 27410 units, and camp followers. issue should Include a fairly complete Carolee G. Miller, 146 Elm St, Georgetown July 19-28,1996: Smithsonian Asso­ listing of all plans for the year, so let MA 01833 ciates 175th Anniversary Santa Fe us hear from you. Nancy Muney, 43-35 192 St, Auburndale TraU Tour. led by Leo E. Oliva. Contact It now appears that enough papers NY 11358 Amy Ritchie at (202) 357-4800, ext. from the symposium have been sub­ Dean Schultz, PO Box 414, Chase KS 220. mitted to warrant publication in book 67524 format. We hope to have these in print John White, PO Box C, Council Grove KS Sept. 24-28, 1997: SFTA Symposium. 66846 Boise City. OK. Elkhart, KS. and Clay­ within the next few months. This pro­ Fred C. Wickstrom, PO Box 13, Castle ton. NM. Contact Dave Hutchison. ject may further delay the \VI'index. Rock CO 80104 HCR I Box 35. Boise City OK 73933. As if we need more to do, I have Ken Wilk, RR 1 Box 86, Osage City KS accepted an offer from the Kansas 66523 RARE VOLUMES FOR SALE State Historical Society to write three Graham Witherspoon, 14105 E Radcliff THE Kansas Corral of the Westerns more Kansas fort booklets during the Circle, Aurora CO 80015 has "surfaced" a cache of volumes m. next year and a half. These are due at Marsha Wooley, 5331 E Hinsdale Ct, Uttle­ N, and V of The Prairie Scout. Each Is six-month intervals in the following ton CO 80122 a collection of scholarly articles about order: Wallace. Dodge. and Harker. the American West. All are limited edi­ Bonitaand I offer good wishes for the l__T_R_A_IL_C_A_L_EN_D_A_R_-.ll tions in mint condition. holiday season and for 1996, the Only seven copies of vol. m remain. 175th anniversary of the TraU, 150th Everyone Is invited to send notices for Vols. I and IT are out of print. Plans are anniversary of the Mexican War. and this section; provide location. date(s), to publish vol. VI (a silver anniversary 10th anniversary of SFTA (it will also time(s). and actMty. Remember this Is issue) in 1996. For titles and prices be our 20th year ofpartnership). With a quarterly. The next issue should ap­ contact Kansas Corral ofthe Western­ all the activities beingplanned. it looks pear in February. so send information ers, c/o Kansas State Historical Soci­ like a Trail buffs paradise. for March and later to arrive by Janu­ ety, 6425 SW 6th Ave. Topeka KS Happy Trailsl ary 20. 1996. It Is time to get all activi- 66615. -Leo E. Oliva

WAGON TRACKS NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION Santa Fe Trail Association c U.S. w PO Box 31 Ir POSTAGE ~ PAID Woodston, KS 67675 II: 11. PERMITNO.2 WOODSTON, KS 67875 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED FORWARDING POSTAGE GUARANTEED

28 Wagon Tracks November 1995 https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss1/1 28