2018

Aquatic Monitoring 2018

Penticton Channel Salmon

Spawning Restoration Work

Samantha Davis, B.Sc. Karilyn Alex, M.Sc., R.P.Bio Camille Rivard-Sirois, B.Sc. Natasha Lukey, M.Sc.

December 2018

Okanagan Nation Alliance 101-3535 Old Okanagan Highway, Westbank, BC V4T 3L7 Phone: (250) 707-0095 Fax: (250) 707-0166

Disclaimer: Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department reports frequently contain preliminary data, and conclusions based on these may be subject to change. Reports may be cited in publications but their manuscript status (MS) must be noted.

Citation: Davis, S., C. Rivard-Sirois, C., K. Alex,, and N. Lukey. 2018. Aquatic Monitoring 2018 for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work. Prepared for the Habitat Conservation Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 ii ONA Fisheries Department Executive Summary

Since the channelization of the q̓awsitkw (Okanagan River) in the 1950’s, salmon spawning habitat has been extremely limited upstream of t iwcən̓ (Skaha Lake) in the Penticton Channel. By 2018, construction of four spawning beds were completed to provide high quality spawning habitat for Sockeye (11,040 m2), Kokanee (1,460 m2) and Chinook (480 m2) and enhanced rearing habitat for Burbot and young salmonids (800 m2). This supports anadromous salmon that access Penticton Channel since 2014 due to modifications at the Skaha Lake Outlet Dam and McIntyre Dam.

The objective of this report is to document monitoring data on the newly completed and proposed spawning beds in order to; 1. document the long-term effects of the new spawning areas, 2. adaptively manage the impacts of the new spawning areas, and 3. design and construct additional beds within the Penticton Channel.

Highlights from 2014-2018 sampling include:

 Spawning depth, velocity and Froude number remained within the preferred ranges at restored spawning bed at the variety of flows observed between 2013 and 2018

 The Froude numbers calculated at redds were within preferred range for Sockeye in all restored reaches, as in previous years post construction.  Slope increased locally, increasing habitat diversity while maintaining stability.

 The highest number of rearing and holding O. mykiss (total=543) recorded in the Penticton Channel since 2013 was observed during the July 31, 2018 snorkel survey. This survey was conducted two days after flows were lowered from 31.2 m3/s to 19.3 m3/s, which is higher than most previous surveys. A combination of cooler water temperature and high discharge seems to influence the abundance of O. mykiss.  Sockeye escapement in the Penticton Channel was higher than average in 2018. It is estimated that 25,539 Sockeye were in the Penticton Channel, compared to 5,619 in 2017. Kokanee escapement was lower than past years; the 2018 escapement estimate is 35,862 compared to 75,000 in 2017 (Benson pers comm 2018).

 The reach within which Bed No.4 is located had an increase in density of spawners in enumeration surveys. The total effective spawning area in Reach 4 in 2018 was 12,435 m2 compared to 2,115 m2 in 2017 which was measured prior to bed 4 construction.

 Bed No.4 had the highest total effective spawning area compared to other restored sections this year. Bed No.3 and No.4 both had the highest O. nerkid spawner enumeration counts.  Average daily water temperature in Penticton Channel exceeded salmonids thresholds for most of the summer, as in previous years.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 iii ONA Fisheries Department Acknowledgements

The Okanagan Nation Alliance (ONA) acknowledges the continued support and commitment of the many agencies and project partners that provide both technical expertise and funding to successfully complete such an endeavour. The ONA would like to acknowledge the support of:

 Chelan County Public Utility District and Rocky Reach Tributary Committee financing this project through the Habitat Conservation Plan Tributary Funds (HCP).  Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (CCT).  Bob Newbury, Newbury Hydraulics, ONA Engineering Advisor.

The agencies that have contributed to the planning and the implementation of this project through the ORRI Steering Committee include:  Canadian Okanagan Basin Technical Working Group.  Okanagan Nation Alliance.  British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations.  Fisheries and Oceans Canada.  Penticton Indian Band.  Enowkin Centre.  Friends of the Oxbows.  South Okanagan Similkameen Conservation Program (SOSCP)

ONA would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations for assisting with access to the site via the dike.

All field data collection related to this project was implemented according to the directions we received to date from traditional ecological knowledge keepers. This include acknowledgments and respect of the siwłkw and tm’xwulaʔx, as well as, the return of gravel to the q̓awsitkʷ after analysis. Indigenous Peoples of the Okanagan are the exclusive owners of their cultural and intellectual properties.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 iv ONA Fisheries Department Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... iii List of Figures and Tables ...... vi List of Acronyms ...... vii List of Okanagan Names ...... viii 1.0 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Aquatic monitoring objectives ...... 3 1.2 Study area and proposed works ...... 6 1.3 Timeline to detect the effectiveness of restoration ...... 6 2.0 Stream channel response ...... 8 2.1 Sampling methods ...... 10 2.2 Data and discussions ...... 13 3.0 Hydraulic response ...... 17 3.1 Sampling methods ...... 17 3.2 Data and discussions ...... 19 4.0 Biological response ...... 21 4.1 Sampling methods ...... 21 4.2 Data and discussions ...... 23 5.0 Recommendations ...... 29 6.0 References ...... 30 Appendix A: Sampling procedures ...... 35 Appendix A1: Cross section sampling procedures ...... 36 Appendix A2: Thalweg profile ...... 38 Appendix A3: Water depth and velocity measurements ...... 39 Appendix A4: Froude number calculations ...... 40 Appendix A5: Wolman pebble count ...... 41 Appendix A6: Accumulated fines measured in egg baskets ...... 42 Appendix A7: Surface water elevations (River) ...... 43 Appendix A8: Groundwater elevations and pond surface water elevations ...... 44 Appendix A9: Fish habitat feature measurements...... 45 Appendix A10: Macrophytes sampling ...... 46 Appendix A11: Benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring ...... 47 Appendix A12: Water temperature measurements ...... 48 Appendix A13: Snorkeling procedures ...... 49 Appendix A14: Redd distribution assessments ...... 50 Appendix A15: Salmon spawning enumeration survey ...... 51

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 v ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A16: Egg incubation assessments ...... 52 Appendix A17: Channel morphometry measurements ...... 55 Appendix B: Monitoring data ...... 56 Appendix B1: Cross section surveys ...... 57 Appendix B2: Redd distribution surveys ...... 61 Appendix B3: Surface water elevations...... 71 Appendix B4: Water temperatures ...... 72 Appendix B5: Fish holding and rearing surveys (snorkel) ...... 75 Appendix B6: Kokanee & Sockeye enumerations in Penticton Channel from 2004-2018 ..... 87 Appendix B7: Wolman pebble count ...... 88

List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1: View of the completed spawning bed areas ...... 6 Figure 2: Mean monthly discharges as it relates to the timing of salmon life stages for Sockeye and Chinook (Alex 2012) ...... 8 Figure 3: Flow discharge in Penticton Channel at WSC Station 08NM050 in 2018 (WSC 2018) ...... 9 Figure 4: Location of channel response cross-sections within Reaches 1.1, 1, 2 and 3 ...... 11 Figure 5: Location of channel response cross-sections within Reach 4 ...... 12 Figure 6: Comparison of the Penticton Channel thalweg profile from 1983 (pre-restoration) to 2018 (post-restoration) ...... 15 Figure 7: Locations of hydraulic response sampling sites ...... 18 Figure 8: Surface water elevations in the Penticton Channel and t iwcən̓ in 2018 ...... 20 Figure 9: Locations of biological response sampling sites ...... 22 Figure 10: Penticton Channel mean daily water temperatures in 2018 at Penticton Golf Course logger and salmonid thresholds ...... 26 Figure 11: Boulder clusters placed in 2018 upstream and downstream of 1986 Kokanee Bed ...... 85 Figure 12: Boulder clusters downstream of 1986 Kokanee bed ...... 85

Table 1: Description of the restoration works in Penticton Channel completed to date ...... 2 Table 2: Description of the constructed Spawning Beds in the Penticton Channel ...... 2 Table 3: Estimated Sockeye and Kokanee spawning areas in the Penticton Channel overtime ...... 3 Table 4: Aquatic monitoring objectives ...... 4 Table 5: Timeline of the pre-treatment monitoring and recommended post-treatment monitoring ...... 7 Table 6: Methods of monitoring the parameters of stream channel response and channel morphology 10 Table 7: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response ...... 13 Table 8: Methods of monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response ...... 17 Table 9: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of hydraulic response ...... 19 Table 10: River spawning preferences of Okanagan salmonids ...... 21 Table 11: Methods of monitoring the parameters of biological response ...... 23 Table 12: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of biologic response ...... 24

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 vi ONA Fisheries Department List of Acronyms List of Organizations & Programs Acronym Organizations and Programs Country EC Environment Canada (federal) Canada HCP Habitat Compensation Plan USA MoE Ministry of Environment (provincial; now called MoFLNRO) Canada Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (provincial) MoFLNRO Canada (previously called MoE) OBMEP Okanagan Basin Monitoring and Evaluation Program USA

ONA Okanagan Nation Alliance Canada ONAFD Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department (previously ONFC) Canada ORRI Okanagan River Restoration Initiative Canada OSHIP Okanogan Sub-Basin Habitat Improvement Program USA PRCC Priest Rapids Coordinating Committee USA WSC Water Survey of Canada Canada

List of Other Acronyms Acronym Terminology BC British Columbia cms Cubic meters per second also as (m3/s) DS Downstream Fr Froude number HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System LB Left bank LWD Large Woody Debris NA Not available Q Flow discharge RB Right bank SWE Surface water elevation TBD To be determined TEK Traditional Ecological Knowledge US Upstream XS Cross-section

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 vii ONA Fisheries Department List of Okanagan Names Okanagan Place Names (Okanagan-English Translation) akskʷəkʷant Inkaneep Creek nxʷəntkʷitkʷ̌ Columbia River nˁaylintǝn McIntyre Dam area kłusxənitkʷ Okanagan Lake q̓awsitkʷ Okanagan River q̓awst’ik’ʷt, also known as t̕iwcən Skaha Lake snʕaxəlqaxʷiyaʔ̌ Vaseux Creek suwiw̓s Osoyoos Lake sxw̆ ǝxw̆ nikw Okanagan Falls akłxʷminaʔ Shingle Creek

Okanagan Names (Okanagan-English Translation) kəkni or kəkn ̓i Kokanee ncʕacʕayna Blotched Tiger Salamander ntitiyx or ntytyix Chinook p'əskʷaqs Great Basin Spadefoot qwəyqwəyʕaćaʔ Steelhead sćwin Sockeye sninaʔ̓ Western Screech Owl spəqʷlic Burbot xwuminaʔ Rainbow Trout xʔaʔłqʔilʔ̓ m̓ Yellow-breasted Chat siwłkw Water * tmxwulaxw The land, earth (Armstrong, 2009)

Translation provided by Richard Armstrong, Penticton Indian Band. Indigenous Peoples of the Okanagan are the exclusive owners of their cultural and intellectual properties.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 viii ONA Fisheries Department

1.0 Introduction

Most portions of the q̓awsitkw (Okanagan River1) were channelized for flood control in the 1950’s negatively impacting both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that once flourished in the valley bottoms of the southern Okanagan (Hourston et al. 1954). The q̓awsitkw through snpintktn (Penticton2) was channelized along its entire length (now termed the Penticton Channel). According to Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) from Okanagan Elders, “Sockeye made it up past the (Okanagan) falls to where the river channel (in Penticton), used to be rich in fish; Steelhead, Coho, Sockeye and King (Chinook) Salmon” (Ernst 2000). This migration to upper Okanagan Valley lakes and streams, including to the Penticton Channel, was cut off as early as 1914 with McIntyre Dam (fish passage provided in 2009) and the Skaha Lake Outlet Dam (fish passage provided in 2014) but is now accessible to returning salmon up to the Okanagan Lake Outlet Dam (fish passage under political discussions).

Analysis of the spawning opportunities for Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) completed in 2000 concluded that only 63 m2 of high quality habitat existed (Long 2002). The Penticton Channel has been identified by past research (Bull 2001; Long & Newbury 2003), as most promising for development of spawning areas for anadromous salmon, as well as, resident Kokanee (O. nerka) and Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss) upstream of t iwcən̓ (Skaha Lake3; Figure 1). In 2014 & 2015, raised spawning beds (No. 1, 2, and 3) were created (Table 1). In the past year, an additional spawning bed (Bed No. 4) was created and the 1986 Kokanee bed and Bed No. 3 were enhanced. Additional boulder clusters were placed between Spawning Bed No.3 and the 1986 Kokanee bed, and between the 1986 Kokanee bed and Bed No.4. Prior to channelization, fine and coarse gravel areas were present in the river at a ratio of 60% Sockeye areas (coarse gravel) to 40% kokanee areas (fine gravel; Rivard-Sirois 2017). The creation of spawning beds up to 2018 maintain the same ratio of sockeye to kokanee spawning areas (Table 3).

1 Commonly called “Okanagan River” but referred as q̓ awsitkw for the remainder of this report. 2 Commonly called “Penticton” but referred as snpintktn for the remainder of this report. 3 Commonly called “Skaha Lake”, also called q̓ awsti̓ k̓ ʷt or t uʔcin̓ , but referred as t iwcən̓ for the remainder of this report.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 1 ONA Fisheries Department

Table 1: Description of the restoration works in Penticton Channel completed to date Bed No. Spawning beds Bed No.1 Bed No.2 Bed No.3 KO TOTAL 4 1986 Year 2014 2014 2015 2018 2018 - 2018* Location (Reach) Reach 1.1 Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Reach 4 - Sockeye spawning habitat created (m2) 3,400 3,600 4,040 500 0 5,400 16,940 Kokanee spawning habitat created (m2) 0 0 1,460 0 4,320 4,000 9,780 Chinook spawning habitat created (m2) 480 0 0 0 0 0 480 Burbot & salmon rearing 400 0 400 480 0 720 2,000 habitat created (m2) Total restored area (m2): 4,280 3,600 5,900 980 4,320 10,120 29,200 *KO bed volume was enhanced in 2018, however the overall area of the bed remained the same

Table 2: Description of the constructed Spawning Beds in the Penticton Channel (Data source: Rivard-Sirois et al. 2017; Rivard-Sirois 2014; Mould Engineering 2017)

Bed Year built Targeted Design gravel Gravel Bed length Created Redd surveys comments species size quantity area 50-100 mm observed sockeye spawning Chinook 290 tonnes 20 m 480 m2 Bed (D50= 75 mm) at high escapement 2014 No.1 only observed sockeye Sockeye & 25-75 mm 2250 tonnes 153 m 3,400 m2 Steelhead (D50= 50 mm) spawning only observed sockeye Bed 2014 Sockeye & 25-75 mm 2315 tonnes 163 m 3,600 m2 No.2 Steelhead (D50= 50 mm) spawning

Sockeye & 19-75 mm 225 m 2 observed both sockeye and 2015, 2289 tonnes 4,545 m Bed Steelhead (D75= 50 mm) ( 3A & 3C) kokanee spawning Enhanced No.3 Kokanee & 19-50 mm observed both sockeye and in 2018 711 tonnes 70 m ( 3B) 1,460 m2 Rainbow (D50= 25 mm) kokanee spawning 1986 1986, Kokanee & 6-38 mm (1985) only observed kokanee KO Enhanced 1,960 tonnes 180 m 4,320 m2 Rainbow 13-50 mm (2017) Bed in 2018 spawning Sockeye & 25-75 mm 2181 tonnes 270 m 5,400 m2 Steelhead (D50= 50 mm) observed both sockeye and Bed 2018 No.4 Kokanee & 25-50 mm 1649 tonnes 200 m 4,000 m2 kokanee spawning Rainbow (D50= 35 mm)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 2 ONA Fisheries Department

Table 3: Estimated Sockeye and Kokanee spawning areas in the Penticton Channel overtime Shared Sockeye Kokanee Ratio Year Comments References areas (m2)* areas (m2) areas (m2) SK : KO calculated using fine and coarse gravel Rivard-Sirois et al. 1909 unknown 40,877 31,215 57% : 43% areas (BC 1909) 2017 (App.B9) 1950's- unknown (very limited areas) unknown post channelization 1986 calculated with areas identified as 2002 1,790 60 5,170 1% : 99% Long 2002 medium or high quality spawning areas post construction of Bed No. 1 & No.2; 2014 4,560 7,000 5,170 58% : 42% post gravel deposition at Shingle Creek*; Rivard-Sirois 2014 excluding created CH=480 m2 2015 4,500 11,040 6,630 62% : 38% post construction of Bed No.3 Rivard-Sirois 2016 2018 2,960 16,940 9,780 63% : 37% Post construction of Bed No.4

*Note: Natural gravel is depositing at Shingle Creek mouth providing spawning habitat for both Sockeye and Kokanee; calculated at 2,800 m2 since 2013 based on redd surveys (Rivard-Sirois 2016).

The objective of this report is to complete baseline data collection for the restored areas and to summarize the results of the 5-year study, in order to; 1. document the long-term effects of the new spawning areas, 2. adaptively manage the impacts of the new spawning areas, and 3. design and construct additional beds within the Penticton Channel.

1.1 Aquatic monitoring objectives The objectives for aquatic monitoring are to document changes in the river channel shape and substrate conditions as they pertain to the quantity and quality of spawning and rearing habitat for Sockeye (O. nerka), Kokanee (O. nerka), Chinook (O. tshawytscha), Steelhead (O. mykiss) and Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss), as well as other native resident fish species and aquatic organisms.

It is important to note that this is a complex project with many partners involved and although it is intended to complete the monitoring plan as it is set out, it is dependent on funding available. Table 4, outlines the recommended project objectives for the aquatic monitoring plan laid out in Alex & Rivard- Sirois (2013) in relation to;

 the performance indicators monitored,  their associated ecosystem processes and benefits, and  the expected response.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 3 ONA Fisheries Department Table 4: Aquatic monitoring objectives

Parameter Performance indictors Associated ecosystem processes and benefits Expected response Channel structure and hydrology support a Bed & bank self-sustaining system where channel adjusts cross sections Stable channel; its form (i.e. cross sectional dimensions) in stable bed & cross response to natural fluctuations in discharge Sediment sections and sediment resulting in a balance between budget Cross sectional erosion and deposition. dimensions Channel structure and hydrology support a self-sustaining system where channel adjusts Localized increases, Slope its form (i.e. local slopes and channel pattern) but stable long-term in response to natural fluctuations in discharge and sediment resulting in a stable channel. Area of pools Increase Determine the changes, effectiveness and Area of riffles Increase stability of created in-stream habitat diversity. Area of glides Decrease Spawning Determine the ranges of depths and velocities water depth available to spawning salmon and provide the Within preferred Channel Spawning preferred habitats at the range of discharges range morphology velocity encountered.

Stream channel response Froude numbers of 0.3 ± 0.1 were found to be Spawning preferred by spawning Sockeye and the ability Increase frequency Froude to provide these conditions in the variety of of preferred Fr number flows adds resilience to the spawning population. Fine sediment Channel structure and hydrology support a self-sustaining system where channel adjusts Remain low Substrate accumulation its form maintaining a balance between composition erosion and deposition resulting in clean and and quality Substrate Within preferred gravel sizes aerated spawning and rearing substrate within range optimal size ranges. SWE above, Monitor the high water conditions and answer Surface water within and any questions about post project water levels No impacts elevation (SWE) below the upstream. project area

Groundwater No impacts to infrastructure in regards to No impact depth groundwater changes. Localized upwelling and down-welling of water at the streambed has been shown to be an Groundwater important component in redd site selection for elevation Hyporheic Chinook spawners (Geist 2000; Geist et al. Increase flows 2000; Geist et al. 2002) as well as for salmon

Hydrologic responseHydrologic egg and alevin survival (Malcolm et al. 2005; Neumann & Curtis 2007; Neumann & Curtis 2008). Water quality Measure water quality parameters spatially Water quality in the river and temporally during construction – No negative impact mainstem implementation monitoring.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 4 ONA Fisheries Department Table 4: Aquatic monitoring objectives – CONTINUED

Parameter Performance indictors Associated ecosystem processes and benefits Expected response Habitat features are stable and self-sustaining over time providing holding areas, cover and Habitat refugia for fish and invertebrates; increased Increase features quantity and quality subsequently increasing density and percent composition of salmonids and other native fish species. Habitat quality Invasive Reduction of invasive macrophytes and Decrease and diversity macrophytes reduction of exotic fish species habitat. Determine ecosystem health of the restored Invertebrate reach by the increase in the quantity and Increase diversity monitoring

diversity of invertebrates. Deepening channel cross sections with residual Summer water Little change pools to reduce high summer water temperatures expected temperatures for salmonids. Channel structure and hydrology support Increasing trend of Fish holding increased quantity and quality of salmonid density & percent and rearing Fish habitatFish response habitat, in terms of increasing numbers and composition of habitat density of rearing salmonids during the salmonids Fish summer months (i.e. trout, Chinook). population, Increase in spawning areas preferred by densities and Increase utilization Sockeye, Kokanee and Chinook salmon. percent Redd counts & composition distribution Enumeration of spawning Sockeye, Kokanee Increase utilization and Chinook salmon.

Egg incubation Increase in the quality of the incubation Near natural success environment for eggs. conditions

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 5 ONA Fisheries Department 1.2 Study area and proposed works The study area is the entire length of the Penticton Channel between kłusxnitkʷ (Okanagan Lake4) and t iwcən̓ in snpintktn, British Columbia. To date, the restoration treatment area is in Reaches 1.1 and 1 (Spawning Beds No.1 & No.2), Reach 2 (Spawning Bed No.3), Reach 3 (Enhancement of 1986 Kokanee bed) and Reach 4 (Bed No.4) (Figure 1).

Reach 5

Reach 5.1

Reach 4

Reach 3 Reach 1.1 Bed No.4 (built 2018) Reach 1 Reach 2

Bed No.1 (built 2014) 1986 Kokanee Bed (enhanced 2018)

Bed No.2 (built 2014) Bed No.3 (built 2015)

Figure 1: View of the completed spawning bed areas

1.3 Timeline to detect the effectiveness of restoration Table 5 outlines the timeline for measuring pre- and post- treatment aquatic monitoring parameters (Alex & Rivard-Sirois 2013). Post-treatment monitoring needs to occur after construction is complete (ie. September 2018 for Spawning Bed No.4) in order to adaptively manage the many elements of the project. Restoration effects may not be significantly obvious for 5 – 20 years after construction (Schuett- Hames & Pleus 1996).

4 Commonly called “Okanagan Lake” but referred as kłusxnitkʷ for the remainder of this report.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 6 ONA Fisheries Department Table 5: Timeline of the pre-treatment monitoring and recommended post-treatment monitoring

Pre-treatment* Post-treatment*

198 1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20 2018 2020 2023 2026 2029

17

Performance indicators 0

Bed & bank cross sections x x x x x x x x x Cross sectional Sediment budget x x x x x

dimensions Slope x x x x x x x x

Area of pools x x x x x x x x x x Area of riffles x x x x x x x x x x Channel Area of glides x x x x x x x x x x morphology Spawning depth x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Spawning velocity x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Spawning Froude number x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Stream channel response Substrate Fine sediment accumulation x x x x x x x x x x x x composition & Substrate gravel sizes x x x x x x x x x x quality Surface water River surface water x x x x x x x x x x x elevation elevations Groundwater depth x x x x x x x x x Ground-water Hyporheic flows x x x x

Water quality in river Water quality x x x x ydrologic response mainstem

H Habitat features x x x x x x x x x x

Macrophytes x x x x x x x x x Habitat quality & diversity Invertebrate monitoring x x x x x x

Summer water temperatures x x x x x x x x x x Fish holding & rearing x x x x x x x x x x Fish population, habitat densities & Redd counts and distribution x x x x x x x x x x percent Enumeration of spawning Fish habitatFish response x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x composition Kokanee Sockeye & Chinook Egg incubation success x x x x x x x x x

* Pre-treatment surveys for Spawning Beds No.1 & No.2 occurred prior to 2014, pre-treatment surveys for Spawning Bed No.3 occurred prior to 2015, and pre-treatment surveys for Spawning Bed No.4 occurred in 2018..

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 7 ONA Fisheries Department 2.0 Stream channel response

For many of the monitoring parameters it is important to target specific flows. All-year-average (AYA) mean monthly flows were calculated from the Water Survey of Canada station 08NM050) (1910 – 2012; WSC 2012). Figure 2 relates mean monthly flows to typical life stages of Sockeye and Chinook salmon and can be used in planning sampling to target flows typical at each life stage. Figure 4 shows the discharges experienced in 2018. Like in 2016 and 2017, 2018 freshet flows were longer and higher than average freshet conditions. The mean monthly AYA discharge in the Penticton Channel during spawning season (October) is 11 m3/s, however the 2018 mean monthly discharge during October was 16 m3/s due to fall rains.

Figure 2: Mean monthly discharges as it relates to the timing of salmon life stages for Sockeye and Chinook (Alex 2012)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 8 ONA Fisheries Department Figure 3: Flow discharge in Penticton Channel at WSC Station 08NM050 in 2018 (WSC 2018)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 9 ONA Fisheries Department 2.1 Sampling methods Table 6 outlines the general methods and seasonal timing for sampling as well as the status to date of pre-treatment measurements. Details of the sampling methods are found in Appendix A. Locations of the sampling sites are found in Figure 4.

Table 6: Methods of monitoring the parameters of stream channel response and channel morphology

Post- Performance indictors Timeline Methods Pre-treatment Appendix treatment Bed & bank Completed XS- Standard cross sections surveyed using survey equipment to collect 2016, 2018 A1 cross sections October 2013 & Summer dimensions compared to HEC-RAS model and time series XS plots; Cross- Sediment 1980 (Schubert before and after comparison. - - sectional budget 1983) dimensions Channel length and slope are surveyed using standard profile Completed XS - Slope Any time measurements and compared to geometry and slopes found in October 2013 & 2016, 2018 A2 downstream reference reaches. 1980 Area of pools Pools, riffles, and glides are identified and measured; for each unit 2015-2018 Area of riffles Summer the thalweg length and average wetted width are measured; areas Completed 2012 2014-2018 A17 Area of glides for each are calculated. 2014-2018 Channel Spawning depth 2014-2018 morphology Spawning A3 Calculated from cross sectional surveys velocity and water depth at 2014-2018 velocity Fall Completed 2014* fall spawning flows and at redd survey selected spawning areas Spawning 2014-2018 A4 Froude number

Substrate gravel Wolman substrate procedures used to determine the D50 and D84; 2014, 2016, Summer Completed 2014* A5 Substrate sizes percent of particles (Wolman 1954). 2018 composition Fine sediment Repeat egg basket fine study; material sorted into size classes Completed 2007, and quality collection & Summer 2016 A6 (>2 mm, 2-0.85mm and <0.85 mm) 2008, 2009, 2011 analysis * Some of the pre-treatment for Spawning Bed No.3 was conducted in 2015.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 10 ONA Fisheries Department XXSSS 66++222222 XXSSS 66++220000 UUppssstttrrreeaamm

NNoo...11 --- CChhiiinnooookkk XXSSS 66++112255 NNoo...11 --- SSSooccckkkeeyyyee XXSSS 66++006655

XXSSS 55++995522 BBoouulllddeerrr cccllluusssttteerrrsss ##11---55 XXSSS 55++991111

XXSSS 55++880000 XXSSS 55++775566

NNoo...22 --- SSSooccckkkeeyyyee XXSSS 55++668822

XXSSS 55++660033

BBoouulllddeerrr cccllluusssttteerrrsss ##66---1100

XXSSS 55++446600

XXSSS 55++441155 NNoo...33AA --- SSSooccckkkeeyyyee XXSSS 55++337700

NNoo...33BB --- KKookkkaanneeee XXSSS 55++229900 NNoo...33CC --- SSSooccckkkeeyyyee

XXSSS 55++119911 BBoouulllddeerrr cccllluusssttteerrrsss ##1111---1166

11998866 KKookkkaanneeee bbeedd

XXSSS 55++003300

XXSSS 44++996622

Figure 4: Location of channel response cross-sections within Reaches 1.1, 1, 2 and 3

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 11 ONA Fisheries Department XXSS 44++996622

BBoouulllddeerrr CCllluusssttteerrrsss ##1177---2255

XXSS 44++770000 XXSS 44++665566

BBeedd NNoo...44 XXSS 44++550066

XXSS 44++335588

XXSS 44++220066

XXSS 44++008888

Figure 5: Location of channel response cross-sections within Reach 4

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 12 ONA Fisheries Department

2.2 Data and discussions The summary of the results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response and channel morphology pre-treatment is presented in Table 7. Detailed data are found in appendices.

Table 7: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of stream channel response

Performance Performance Uni Appe Location 1980-2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Comments/reference Indicators criteria t ndix

27 2013:Q=15.cms Stable channel Bed & Reaches Reach 4 2016: Q=13 cms XS (average 24 25 - - - -27.3 m B1 bank XS 1.1 to 5.1 not 2018: Q=8.5 cms wetted width) measured (WSC 08NM050) data Sediment Stable channel Reaches data available availab ------Un-funded - budget bed 1.1 to 5.1 le Calculated as average

sectional dimensions

- Stay consistent Reaches changes in slope locally Slope with design 0.097 0.090 - - 0.15* - - % - 1.1 to 5.1 between XS.

Cross slope *Reach 4 not measured Pools created 2014 data after Beds 1 & 2 Area of Reaches and remain 22,020 14,600 14,600 14,600 - - 16,600 constructed pools 1.1 to 5.1 stable over time 2015 data after Bed 3 Riffles created constructed Area of Reaches m2 and remain 10,550 10,500 19,400 26,700 - - 30,400 2018 data after Bed 4 - riffles 1.1 to 5.1 stable over time constructed Considering area below Area of Amount of Reaches 65,230 72,700 63,800 56,500 - - 50,800 Bed 1 & area above Bed 3 glides glides decrease 1.1 to 5.1 as pools Reach 1.1 n/a 0.90 0.84 0.89 0.86 0.88 At redd during spawning Reach 1 0.84 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.62 0.79 Reach 2 0.72 0.93 0.51 0.80 0.71 0.76 SK returns in Penticton Within Spawn Channel based Mark-Re- preferred range Reach 3 - 0.74 0.87 0.66 0.91 0.82 0.99 m depth capture (Benson 2017): (0.4-0.9) Reach 4 0.65 0.89 0.63 0.81 0.73 0.75 - 2013=7,000 Reach 5 1.00 1.02* 1.14* n/a* 0.95 0.75* - 2014=21,000 Reach 5.1 0.74 0.70* 0.98* n/a* 0.90 0.69* - 2015=1,600 - 2016 = 4,000 0.63 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.66 Reach 1.1 n/a - 2017 = 5,619 0.68 0.49 0.64 0.64 0.74 Channel morphology Reach 1 0.56 - 2018 = 23,539 (AUC) Reach 2 0.34 0.53 0.51 0.57 0.55 0.65 B2 Spawn Within preferred range Reach 3 - 0.42 0.52 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.53 m/s October Q in Channel: velocity - 2013=11.6 m3/s (0.2-0.6) Reach 4 0.63 0.64 0.47 0.62 0.59 0.72 - 2014=10.4 m3/s 0.64* 0.35* n/a* 0.66* Reach 5 0.41 0.51* - 2015=7.0 m3/s Reach 5.1 0.50 0.46* 0.29* n/a* 0.50 0.44* - 2016=12.7 m3/s Reach 1.1 n/a 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.23 - 2017= 8.2 m3/s Increase - 2018= 12.4 m3/s Spawning Reach 1 0.19 0.25 0.18 0.24 0.27 0.27 frequency of Fr. Froude Reach 2 - 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.21 0.22 0.24 preferred range No. n/a= not applicable number (0.2 – 0.4) Reach 3 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 *= the majority of the Reach 4 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.27 redd were too deep to be

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 13 ONA Fisheries Department Performance Performance Uni Appe Location 1980-2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Comments/reference Indicators criteria t ndix Reach 5 0.13 0.21* 0.10* n/a* 0.20* 0.25 measured. Reach 5.1 0.20 0.17* 0.09* n/a* 0.17 0.17 XS 6+222 250 131 - - -- - XS 6+200 160 62 - 60 - - Median gravel size (D50) XS 6+125 98 42 - 47 - 61 XS 6+065 99 48 - - - - Bed 1 & 2: XS 5+952 86 80 - - - - - Pre-treatment noted in XS 5+911 79 96 - - - - 2013, surveyed in 2014 - Post-treatment surveyed Within XS 5+756 74 47 - 51 - 61 in 2014 preferred range XS 5+682 61 42 - 46 - - Bed 3: Gravel of Sockeye, XS 5+603 100 145 - - - - - mm - Pre-treatment surveyed B7 sizes Kokanee and/or XS 5+460 - - 90 - - - in 2015 Chinook XS 5+370 - - 71 49 - 50 - Post-treatment surveyed XS 5+290 - - 64 35 - 41 in 2016 XS 5+191 - - 58 47 - 43 Bed 4: XS 5+030 - - 18 20 - - - Pre treatment noted in XS 4+656 - - - - 71 45 2017, surveyed in 2018 XS 4+506 - - - - 78 24 - Post treatment surveyed XS 4+538 - - - - 74 66 2018 Substrate composition and quality XS 4+206 - - - - 68 23 Maintain low Enhanced 0.6±0.5(2007) levels of fine Egg basket study (Long Fine (2016 also 1.0±0.6(2008) sediment - - - 0.1-2.0 - % 2009; Alex 2010; Alex 2011; - sediment included 1.1±0.3(2009) accumulation Alex et al. 2011) Beds 1-4) intra-gravel 0.3±0.1(2011) Note: Details available in previous years monitoring reports (Alex et al. 2013; Dunn et al. 2015; Dunn et al. 2016; Rivard-Sirois et al. 2017).

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 14 ONA Fisheries Department Penticton Channel thalweg profile 339.40

339.20 2018 Bed Elevation

339.00 1983 Schubert 338.80 Elevations

338.60

338.40

338.20 Elevation(m)

338.00

337.80

337.60

337.40 6500.0 6000.0 5500.0 5000.0 4500.0 4000.0 Distance from Skaha Lake (m)

Figure 6: Comparison of the Penticton Channel thalweg profile from 1983 (pre-restoration) to 2018 (post-restoration)

2018 Interpretation of findings relative to performance criteria:  Water depths at redds were within the preferred range (0.4-0.9m) for all salmonids at all reaches except for Reach No.3 (1986 Kokanee bed), where average depth was 0.99m. Spawning velocities were higher than preferred at most reaches, due to higher discharge in 2018 at 16 m3/s than the all year average (AYA) of 11 m3/s that typically occurs during the fall spawning months.

 The Froude numbers calculated at redds were within preferred range for Sockeye in all restored reaches, as in previous years post construction.

 The un-restored reach 5 and the gravel deposition area below Shingle Creek (reach 5.1) provided desired hydraulics conditions (water depths, velocities, Froude) during 2018 spawning, however substrate size is not within the preferred range (See Table 6)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 15 ONA Fisheries Department Summary of 5- year study (2013-2018)

 Spawning depth, velocity and Froude number remained within the preferred ranges at restored spawning bed at the variety of flows observed between 2013 and 2018

 Median gravel size (D50) were built to be within the preferred range of spawning Sockeye and Kokanee

 Slope increased locally, increasing habitat diversity while maintaining stability.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 16 ONA Fisheries Department 3.0 Hydraulic response

Documenting the water elevations are important for answering questions about post-project water levels, both for assuaging concerns of local landowners and for guiding future work. In general, the hydrologic response is not expected to change due to the added spawning beds. During spring 2018 freshet, surface water elevations in t iwcən̓ fluctuated by 0.5 m, which is higher than previous years, as seen in Appendix B2. This is due to high freshet in 2018 and subsequent flood regulation.

3.1 Sampling methods General methods for monitoring over the five years are found in Table 8 with specific monitoring methods found. The locations of the measurements for hydraulic response are found in Figure 4. All loggers measuring surface water elevations were removed July 11 or 12, 2018, except for the Golf Course Bridge logger.

Table 8: Methods of monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response

Performance Pre- Timeline Methods Appendix indicators treatment Manual readings by surveying at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Surveys m3/s. spring 2013 River surface Installed water All year HOBO loggers recording atmospheric and water summer A7 elevations pressures hourly;. Set up in the river at the mouth in 2013, t ̓iwcən, Fairview bridge, KVR bridge and near 5+030 removed July 2018 Floodplain Logger readings of well gauges at En’owkin groundwater All year In progress A8 conservation area. elevation

Hydraulic responseHydraulic The surface water – groundwater interactions in river Hyporheic All year and their relationships with salmon redds are studied Unfunded - flows through river piezometers OBMEP site Seasonal water quality sample (conductivity, DO, pH, Water quality All year 493 start - turbidity, alkalinity, nutrient enrichment) 2013 spring

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 17 ONA Fisheries Department East Side Pond Locatee Oxbow Piezometer Hawk’s Nest Pond nkqenmulx Pond OBMEP site 493

Figure 7: Locations of hydraulic response sampling sites

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 18 ONA Fisheries Department 3.2 Data and discussions The summary of the results for monitoring the parameters of hydrologic response pre- treatment is found in Table 9 and Figure 5. Detailed data is found in the appendices.

2018 Interpretation of findings relative to performance criteria:  As predicted, the restoration works have not impacted the surrounding groundwater elevation or the river surface elevation at the monitored sites.

 Groundwater elevations and adjacent ponds surface water elevations (ECOmmunity Place & Floodplain) data is available for 2016-2018 but not analysed at this point. Summary of 5-year study (2013-2018)  Since 2013, surface water elevations have fluctuated, pending channel flow discharges, ≈1.5 m at the North end of the Channel but only ≈0.3 m in the North end of t iwcən̓ . Surface water elevations recorded at the North end of t iwcən̓ follow very closely the elevation changes recorded at WSC station 08NM084 located at the South end of the t iwcən̓ . The North end of t iwcən̓ is ≤0.1m higher than the South end.

Table 9: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of hydraulic response Pre- Performance Performance 2013- Status Location treatment 2018 Unit Appendix indictors criteria 2017 1980-2012 - - WSC 08NM050 River surface - - WSC 08NM084 No change - B3 Figure 6 m B3 water elevations - ONA water level Established loggers (Figure 6) 2013 Data Floodplain available ECOmmunity Place groundwater No change - for - m - Locatee Lands elevation further

Hydraulic responseHydraulic analysis Hyporheic flows Increase Unfunded Sampling TBD - - - - - Water quality No negative impact Unfunded Sampling TBD - - - - -

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 19 ONA Fisheries Department Figure 8: Surface water elevations in the Penticton Channel and t iwcən̓ in 2018

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 20 ONA Fisheries Department 4.0 Biological response

Documenting the changes in the fish densities, their composition and the habitat they use is important in this project because it is anticipated that the restored channel structure and hydrology will increase the quantity and quality of salmonid habitat. In particular, the restoration works are designed to;

1. increase valuable spawning areas (Table 10), 2. increase the quality of the intra-gravel incubation environment for eggs, and 3. increase the numbers and density of rearing salmonids during the summer months (i.e. Rainbow Trout and Steelhead, and Chinook Salmon).

Table 10: River spawning preferences of Okanagan salmonids Velocity Water Froude Substrate Species Life Stage Reference (m/s) Depth (m) Number Size (mm) ntitiyx (Chinook) Spawning 0.2 – 1.5 >0.3 13-102 Groot & Margolis 1991 sćwin (Sockeye) Spawning 0.4 – 0.9* 0.2 – 0.6* 0.2 – 0.4 18-70 Long et al. 2006 kəkni (Kokanee) Spawning 0.2 – 0.9 >0.1 30 Ford et al. 1995 qwəyqwəyʕaćaʔ Spawning 0.6 – 0.8 0.3 – 1.0 Bjornn & Reiser 1991 (Steelhead) xwuminaʔ Spawning 0.3 – 0.9 0.2 – 2.5 Ford et al. 1995 (Rainbow Trout)

4.1 Sampling methods General methods for the monitoring are found in Table 11 with specific monitoring methods found in Appendix A. The locations of the measurements for fish habitat response are found in Figure 6. A PIT array to monitor spring spawner and rearing salmon was installed in November 2017, and functional September 2018, in Reach 4 just downstream of bed 4.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 21 ONA Fisheries Department Reach 1.1 Bed No.1

Reach 1 Bed No.2

Bed No.3 Reach 2 Enhanced site (1986 Kokanee Bed) Golf Course Logger Reach 3

Bed No. 4 OBMEP Site 493 Reach 4

Reach 5

Reach 5.1

Reach 6

Reach Reach Start Point End Point Name length (m) 1.1 Okanagan L. Dam Coyote Cruises 320 1 Coyote Cruises Hwy 97 Bridge 280 2 Hwy 97 Bridge Enhanced Section 495 3 Enhanced Section Golf Course Bridge 400 4 Golf Course Bridge KVR pilings 670 5 KVR pilings Shingle Creek 740 5.1 Shingle Creek D/S Ellis Creek 670

Figure 9: Locations of biological response sampling sites

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 22 ONA Fisheries Department Table 11: Methods of monitoring the parameters of biological response Post- Performance indictors Timeline Methods Pre-treatment Appendix treatment Visual surveys; the number, type and Survey summer Habitat features dimension of each feature are 2014-2015 A9 2013 determined Summer Visual surveys; macrophytes species are Complete Sept 30, Macrophytes identified and coverage density is August 2012 A10 2014 recorded October 2013 Multimetric timed sampling based on Invertebrate Fall Reynoldson et al. 2006 CABIN Sample fall 2013 2017 A11 monitoring procedures Calculate the mean daily maximum; Summer water Temp logger at

Habitat qualityHabitat and diversity Summer number of days that temps exceed 15.6 2014-2018 A12 temperatures OBMEP site 493 & 18.3oC. Plant native locally sourced vegetation Vegetation Spring-

and monitor for survival. Invasive - 2018 - Survivorship Summer species removal. Monitoring program continued.

Habitat

Terrestrial Bird Surveys Spring Standardized data collection on bird - - -

Surrounding communities, vegetation characteristics Fish holding and All species counted in snorkel surveys; rearing habitat Summer 2013 2014-2018 A13 throughout Penticton Channel (ST/RBT/CH) Individual redds and redd areas are Redd counts &

percent

mapped; spawning density, water

& distribution Fall 2013 2014-2018 A14 depth, velocity and Froude numbers at (KO, SK & CH) redds are measured Spring spawner Pit tagging ST/ acoustic tagged fish to 2019 enumeration Spring - - be monitored in Reach 4 (planned) (ST/RBT)

composition Spawner Skaha Reintro enumeration Fall Floating enumeration surveys surveys 2004- 2014-2018 A15 (KO, SK & CH) 2013; on-going Placement of egg baskets in situ with Fish population,Fish densities Egg incubation Complete, 2007, Fall-spring 100 eggs in each is monitored to hatch 2016 A16 success 2008, 2009, 2011 and percent survival calculated Note: In 2014, fish passage provisions were provided at Skaha Lake Outlet Dam and Sockeye accessed the Penticton Channel throughout the migration period. A portion of the Sockeye run also accessed the Penticton Channel in 2013, due to dam gates opening (high flows) early in the migration period.

4.2 Data and discussions The summary of results for monitoring the parameters of biologic response pre-treatment is found in Table 12 and detailed data found in the associated appendices. Water temperatures in 2018 were monitored from the Golf Course Bridge logger. In past years the water temperature was monitored from OBMEP site 493, 115 upstream of the Golf Course Bridge logger.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 23 ONA Fisheries Department Table 12: Summary of results for monitoring the parameters of biologic response Performance indictors Performance Status Location Pre-treatment 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Unit Comment/ Reference Appen- criteria dix Increase fish 2014, 2015, No. Instream clusters Habitat Features All Reaches 0 5 10 - - 26 -

habitat features 2018 features (3-8 boulders/cluster) Invasive 2012, 2013 & Reach 1 & 1.1 2,127 (2012) 2 macrophytes Decrease 2014 (called 1.a) 2,513 (2013) 723 - - - - m Sept. 30, 2014 - - Oct.8, 2013 Benthic - Oct.7, 2014 6 7 7 9 9 EPT taxa richness OBMEP site 493 macroinvertebrate Increase richness - Oct.15, 2015 (12) (19) (14) (25) (24) - - (Total Species Richness) - Reach 4 monitoring - Oct.17, 2016 [5.02] [5.78] [5.04] [6.75] [5.9] [Hilsenhoff Biotic Index] - Oct.30, 2017 Sub-lethal threshold: OBMEP #493, Summer water Little change o 15.6°C: general salmonid temperatures expected 2005-2018 Golf Course B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 Figure 8 C 18.3°C: adult spawner B4 Habitat quality & diversity quality Habitat Bridge (Groot & Margolis, 1991)

Increase in Number of plants planted Vegetation 2018 West bank - - - - - 315 No. plants subtracted by number of - Survivorship native plant survivorship plants removed

Increase in Bird Surveys ------utilization

Surrounding Terrestrial habitat Surrounding Reaches 1 & 1.1 7 5 90 68 60 339

Reaches 2 & 3 4 6 15 35 36 31 - Aug.26, 2013 Increasing trend - Jul.16, 2014 Reach 4 2 6 4 27 36 11 Fish holding & of density & - Jun.24, 2015 No. Maximal number of observed rearing habitat percent - Jul. 14, 2016 RBT/ST/CH in a single survey per year B5 composition of - Aug. 9, 2017 Reach 5 2 1 9 3 19 salmonids - Jul. 31, 2018 9 - Aug. 14, 2018

percent composition percent Reach 5.1 0 5 10 13 22 137

Fish population, densities & population, Fish Reach 6 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 24 ONA Fisheries Department

Performance Pre- Appen- Performance indictors criteria Status Location treatm 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Unit Comment reference dix ent

- Oct.1, 2014 Clusters NA 1 2 0 1 1 - Jun.24, 2015 #1-5 - Jul. 14, 2016 Maximal number of observed in a Boulder Cluster Increase in - Aug. 9, 2017 No. single survey per year B5 Utilization utilization Clusters RBT/ST/CH Clusters #11-25 were placed after - Jul. 31, 2018 NA NA 0 0 0 0 - Aug. 14, #6-10 the 2018 snorkel survey

2018 Clusters #11-25 NA NA NA NA NA NA Reach - Oct.28, 1.1 0 4,538 207 3,220 3059 1932 2013 Reach 1 6 5,438 70 4,060 3793 - Oct.29 & 1669 Nov.2, 2014 Reach 2 1 3,318 4,744 4,824 4014 4012 Redd counts and Increase in - Oct.28-29, Reach 3 3,339 3,098 133 5,726 4763 m2 Effective spawning area (Kokanee, B1 distribution utilization 4113 Sockeye, Chinook) 2015 Reach 4 17 12,799 1,526 6,401 2142 12620 - Oct.25-26, 2016 Reach 5 27 723 100 467 932 260 - Oct 30, 2018 Reach 5.1 402 6,193 50 2,810 1920 756 Spring spawner Increase in Planned for Rainbow Trout, Steelhead Fish enumeration utilization 2019 Reach 4 ------passage at in 2014. - PIT Array functional August 2018 Reach - 1430 1596 2400 81 3037 1.1 SK returns in Penticton Channel Reach 1 112 2010 2921 5310 163 3911 based Mark-Re-capture (Benson, 2004-2018 2017): (Oct.) Reach 2 7570 6670 9752 11320 4594 8438 Fish - 2013=7,000

Fish population, densities & composition percent population, Fish Spawner Increase in enumeration utilization Reach 3 7580 4900 10969 12830 13349 10581 (SK, KO & - 2014=21,000 B6 At yearly Reach 4 2910 7450 4910 6520 6033 10764 CH) - 2015=1,600 peak live - 2016 = 4,000 Reach 5 2920 930 3200 1210 4474 6563 2017=5,619 Reach 2340 2750 3410 1780 6070 2585 2018 = 23,539 (AUC) 5.1 Beds - - - 66 ± - - Egg incubation Near natural 2007, 2008, No.1, 2,3 26% Long 2009; Alex 2010; success conditions 2009, 2011, % Alex 2011; Alex & al. 2011 - 2016 Enhance 45 ± 60 ± d reach 24% - - 30% - - Note: Details available in previous years monitoring reports (Alex et al. 2013; Dunn et al. 2015; Dunn et al. 2016; Rivard-Sirois et al. 2017; Rivard-Sirois et al. 2018).

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 25 ONA Fisheries Department

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 BEFORE AFTER AFTER BED AFTER AFTER HIGH AFTER Comment BEDS No. 1 No. 3 HIGH FRESHET BED No. 4 & 2 FRESHET

Nerkids AUC (SK & KO) 37,000 52,000 61,000 75,000 44,646 57,750

Sockeye Escapement* 25,539 7,000 21,000 1,600 4,000 5,619 (based on mark & capture) (AUC) Sockeye and Nerkid escapement in the Penticton Channel from 2013-2018

Number of days in 2018 with mean daily water temperature exceeding salmonid thresholds Number days >15.6°C 120 Number days >18.3°C 73 Mean daily maximum 25.1

Figure 10: Penticton Channel mean daily water temperatures in 2018 at Penticton Golf Course logger and salmonid thresholds

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 26 ONA Fisheries Department 2018 Interpretation of fish habitat parameters to date:

 Average daily water temperature in Penticton Channel exceeded salmonids thresholds for most of the summer, as in previous years. An important temperature drop took place mid-June 2018 (10oC cooler), this drop is attributable to the June 9th rain event.

 The highest number of rearing and holding O. mykiss (total=543) recorded in the Penticton Channel since 2013 was observed during the July 31, 2018 snorkel survey. This survey was conducted two days after flows were lowered from 31.2 m3/s to 19.3 m3/s, which is higher than most previous surveys. This is consistent with the observation from 2017, noting that abundance of O. mykiss is likely influenced by a combination of high discharge and cooler water temperatures.

 As in previous years, the majority of the rearing O. mykiss (both juveniles and adults) were observed in the restored reaches (reaches 1.1 to 4).

 The amount of O. mykiss found in reach 5.1 was significantly higher than previous years. All O. mykiss in this reach were found near the gravel bar at the confluence of Shingle Creek and Okanagan River.

 In the entire channel, only 3% (July) and 4% (August) of the fish observed in 2018 were exotic species.

 Rainbow trout were observed at boulders cluster #5 and #2 during the snorkel surveys this year. Three native fishes were also observed (cluster #1, #5 and #10).  Sockeye escapement in the Penticton Channel was higher than average for 2018. It is estimated that 25,539 Sockeye were in the Penticton Channel, compared to 5,619 in 2017. Kokanee escapement was lower than past years; the 2018 escapement estimate is 35,862 compared to 75,000 in 2017 (Benson pers comm 2018).

 The reach within which Bed No.4 is located had an increase in density of spawners in enumeration surveys. The total effective spawning area in Reach 4 in 2018 was 12,435 m2 compared to 2,115 m2 in 2017 which was measured prior to bed 4 construction.

 Bed No.4 had the highest total effective spawning area compared to other reaches this year. Bed No.3 and No.4 both had the highest O. nerkid spawner enumeration counts.

 Effective spawning area in all created spawning beds was 22,845 m2, representing 84% of the available restored area. Spawning occurred throughout each bed from the heel to toe, with denser spawning around crests and ridges. Effective spawning area represented 31% of the entire area of Reaches 1 to 5.1.  The created beds provided substrate within preferred range by Sockeye and Kokanee while the unrestored areas of the Penticton Channel remain less desirable due to larger than preferred substrate sizes (larges cobbles surrounded by sand).  Sockeye spawning also occurred in the gravel deposition area below Shingle Creek even though the substrate size is out of preferred range for this species.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 27 ONA Fisheries Department Summary of 5-year study (2013-2018)

 To date, no juvenile (rearing) or adult (spawning) chinook have been observed in the Penticton Channel during any of the monitoring surveys.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 28 ONA Fisheries Department 5.0 Recommendations

It has been a valuable opportunity to record pre-treatment conditions and observe the outcome of enhanced areas for the Penticton Channel spawning beds restoration work.

We are recommending the following next steps:  Monitor for Steelhead, Sockeye and Chinook at the PIT array set up downstream of bed 4 which became functional in September 2018.  Analyse the groundwater and surface water data collected in the ECOmmunity Place Locatee Lands.  Look at options to monitor, in collaboration with FLNRORD, the water quality exiting the Golf Course/ City’s storm outlet located in Bed No.3.  Continue to measure hydraulic conditions, to calculate Froude numbers and to monitor spawning site selection to determine if there exists opportunities to make further improvements.  Select consistent dates for the snorkel survey to allow for data comparisons between years. Access the impacts of river discharge and water temperature on fish utilization of the boulder clusters and overall abundance of O. mykiss in the channel.  Continue attempts to refine methods of Sockeye enumeration so that greater breakdown of Sockeye versus Kokanee spawning bed use can be noted in real time. Current methodologies require significant laboratory wait times.  Continue to encourage the manager of the flow in the Penticton Channel (FLNRORD) to preserve the gravel that has been aggregating within the mainstem at the mouth of akłxʷminaʔ (Shingle Creek5) (Reach 5.1).  Scope restoration options providing shade and cover in order to improve water temperature in the summer. Continue to research funding for the re-vegetation of the banks along the Penticton Channel (especially on the West bank along restored features).  Research funding to monitor changes in the macrophyte communities as it may affect egg survival and flood capacity in the channel.  Apply for additional funds to continue monitoring in Penticton channel.  Assess opportunities to add more spawning areas in Penticton Channel.

The ONAFD looks forward to documenting the successes and challenges of these projects as part of the larger vision of the Okanagan Nation Elders to heal the river by “bringing it back” kt cp’əlk’ stim’.

5 Commonly called “Shingle Creek” but referred as akłxʷminaʔ for the remainder of this report.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 29 ONA Fisheries Department 6.0 References

Alex, K, E. McGrath and J. Squakin. 2011. Spawning conditions and egg incubation survival of broodyear 2011 Sockeye Salmon in Penticton Channel. Prepared for the re-introduction of Sockeye into Skaha Lake Monitoring and Evaluation. Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Alex, K. 2010. Egg and Incubation survival of Broodyear 2008 sockeye salmon in Penticton Channel. Prepared for the reintroduction of sockeye into Skaha Lake Monitoring and Evaluation. Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC

Alex, K. 2011. Spawning conditions and egg incubation survival of Broodyear 2009 sockeye salmon in Penticton Channel. Prepared for the re-introduction of sockeye into Skaha Lake Monitoring and Evaluation. Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Alex, K. 2012. The Scoping of River Restoration Opportunities and Constraints for Re-establishing Sockeye Salmon in Penticton Channel. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.

Alex, K. and C. Rivard-Sirois. 2013. Aquatic Monitoring plan for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work: Broodyear 2011. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Alex, K., C. Rivard-Sirois and J. Enns. 2014. OSHIP 2013-2014 Project Implementation Effectiveness. Okanagan Sub-Basin Habitat Improvement Program. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Armstrong, J. C. 2009. Constructing Indigeneity: Syilx Okanagan Oraliture and tmixwcentrism (Doctoral dissertation). Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Benson, R. 2017. Okanagan Nation Alliance. Stock Assessment Fisheries Biologist. Personal communication regarding Sockeye and Kokanee escapement in the Penticton Channel.

Benson, R. 2018. Okanagan Nation Alliance. Stock Assessment Fisheries Biologist. Personal communication regarding Sockeye and Kokanee escapement in the Penticton Channel.

Benson, R. and R. Bussanich. 2015. q̓awsitkʷ [Okanagan River] Sockeye spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2014. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Aquatic Enterprises, Westbank, BC.

Benson, R. and R. Bussanich. 2016. q̓awsitkʷ [Okanagan River] Sockeye spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2015. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Aquatic Enterprises, Westbank, BC.

Benson, R., R. Bussanich, A. Stevens. 2013. q’awst’ik’wt (Skaha Lake) Kokanee Spawner Enumeration and Biological Sampling 2011. Prepared for Okanagan Nation Aquatic Enterprises Ltd., Westbank, BC.

Benson, R., R. Bussanich, and A. Friesen. 2016. qawst’ik’wt̓ (Skaha Lake) Nerkid Spawner Enumeration and Biological Sampling 2013. Prepared as part of the Skaha Lake Sockeye Salmon Re- Introduction Monitoring and Evaluation Program: Brood Year 2013. Okanagan Nation Alliance Aquatic Enterprises Ltd., Westbank, BC.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 30 ONA Fisheries Department Benson, R., R. Bussanich, and A. Warman. 2014. q̓awsitkʷ [Okanagan River] Sockeye spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2012. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Aquatic Enterprises, Westbank, BC.

Bjornn T.C. and D.W. Reiser. 1991. Habitat Requirements of salmonids in streams. In Meehan, W.R. (Ed). Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fisheries and their habitat. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19: 83-138.

Bull, C.J. 2001. Sockeye salmon habitat assessment in Okanagan River upstream of McIntyre Dam. In: Evaluation of Experimental Reintroduction of Sockeye Salmon into Skaha Lake: Objective 3.

BC (British Columbia). 1909. Profile and X-sections the okanagan river between the upper and lower lakes at Penticton, BC. July 1909 (MT-02D)

Bussanich, R., R. Benson, and A. Friesen. 2012. q’awst’ik’wt (Skaha Lake) Kokanee Spawner Enumeration and Biological Sampling 2010. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance, Westbank, BC.

Cunjak, R.A., D. Guignion, R.B. Angus and R. MacFarlane. 2002. Survival of eggs and alevins of Atlantic salmon and brook trout in relation to fine sediment deposition. pp. 82-91. In D.K. Cairns (ed.). Effects of land use practices on fish, shellfish and their habitats on Prince Edward Island. Can. Tech. Rpt. of Fish. and Aquat. Sci. 2408:157p.

Dunn, M., K. Alex, C. Rivard-Sirois and J. Enns. 2015. Aquatic Monitoring 2014 for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work. Prepared for the Habitat Conservation Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Dunn, M., K. Alex, C. Rivard-Sirois, C. Louie, N. Lukey, C. Mathieu and J. Squakin. 2016. Aquatic Monitoring 2015 for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work. Prepared for the Habitat Conservation Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Enns, J. 2013. OBMEP water quality 2013 workplan for Canadian sites. Prepared by the Okanagan Nation Alliance, Westbank, BC. Prepared for the Colville Confederated Tribes, Omak, WA.

Ernst, A. 2000. Aboriginal Fisheries Information within the Okanagan Basin. Vedan, A. (ed). Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Fisheries Commission, Westbank, BC.

Flanagan, J. 2003. The impacts of fine sediments and variable flow regimes on the habitat and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs. Msc Thesis. University of New Brunswick. Fredericton, NB.

Ford, B.S., P.S. Higgins, A.F. Lewis, K.L. cooper, T.A. Watson, C.M. Gee, G.L. Ennis and R.L. Sweeting. 1995. Literature reviews of the life history, habitat requirements and mitigation/compensation strategies for selected fish species in the Peace, Liard and Columbia River drainages of British Columbia. Habitat and Enhancements branch of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C.

Geist, D.R. 2000. The interaction of ground-water and surface water within fall chinook salmon spawning areas in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Proceedings of the Ground-Water/Surface- Water Interactions Workshop. July 2000. p. 95-98.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 31 ONA Fisheries Department Geist, D.R.; J. Jones; C.J. Murray; D.B. Dauble. 2000. Suitability criteria analyzed at the spatial scale of redd clusters improved estimates of fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat use in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research. 57:1636-1646.

Geist, D.R.; T.P. Hanrahan; E.V. Arntzen; G.A. McMichael; C.J. Murray; Y.-J. Chen. 2002. Physicochemical characteristics of the hyporheic zone affect redd site selection by Chum salmon and Fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 22: 1077-1085.

Groot, C & L. Margolis (Eds). 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. UBC Press. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

Hourston, W., C. Clay, R. Burridge, K. Lucas, D. Johnson, H. Heg, W. McKinley, L. Fulton and A. Gantry. 1954. The salmon problems associated with the proposed flood control project on the Okanagan River in British Columbia, Canada. Prepared by the Technical Staff of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Washington State Department of Fisheries and the Department of Fisheries, Canada.

Kondolf, G. M. 1997. Application of the pebble count: Reflections on purpose, method, and variants. Journal of American Water Resources Association (formerly Water Resources Bulletin) 33: 79-87.

Long, K and R. Newbury. 2003. Objective 3, task C- Okanagan River (reach a and b) spawning area restoration feasibility. Contribution No. 5 to an Evaluation of an experimental re-introduction of sockeye salmon into Skaha Lake: year 3 of 3.

Long, K. 2002. Evaluation of an experimental re-introduction of Sockeye Salmon into Skaha Lake: Objective 3, Year 2 of 3. Prepared by ONFC, Westbank, BC.

Long, K. 2009. Egg and Incubation survival of Broodyear 2007 sockeye salmon in Penticton Channel. Prepared for the reintroduction of sockeye into Skaha Lake Monitoring and Evaluation 2009. Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC

Long, K., R. Cunjak and R. Newbury. 2006. The effects of redd site selection and redd geometry on the survival of incubating Okanagan sockeye eggs. A Thesis, Dissertation or Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in the Graduate Academic Unit of Biology. University of New Brunswick Press.

Louie, C. and R. Benson. 2011. Skaha Lake kokanee spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2009. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Malcolm, I.A., C. Soulsby, A.F. Youngson, and D.M. Hannah. 2005. Catchment-scale controls on groundwater-surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for salmon embryo survival. River Research and Applications. 21: 977-989.

Mathieu, C. and M. Squakin. 2010. Skaha Lake kokanee salmon spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2008. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Mathieu, C. and T. Kozlova. 2008. Skaha Lake kokanee spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2007. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 32 ONA Fisheries Department Mould Engineering. 2017. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative. Penticton Channel Spawning Bed No. 4 – Design Brief and Drawings. Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Alliance. Kelowna, BC.

Neumann, N. and J. Curtis. 2007. The Role of Hyporheic Flow in Redd Site Selection by Chinook Salmon in the Okanagan River. Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Prepared by the University of British Columbia – Okanagan, Kelowna, BC.

Neumann, N. and J. Curtis. 2008. The Role of Hyporheic Flow in Redd Site Selection by Chinook Salmon in the Okanagan River. Prepared for the Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Prepared by the University of British Columbia – Okanagan, Kelowna, BC.

Reynoldson, T.B., C. Logan, T. Pascoe and S.P. Thompson. 2006. CABIN, (Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network) Invertebrate Bio-monitoring, Field and Laboratory Manual. National Water Research Institute Environment Canada.

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Rivard-Sirois, C. 2014. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) Spawning Platforms No.1 & No.2 in the Penticton Channel - Construction Works. 2013-2014. Prepared for the ORRI Steering Committee and PRCC Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.

Rivard-Sirois, C. 2016. Okanagan River Restoration Initiative (ORRI) Spawning Bed No.3 in the Penticton Channel - Construction Works. 2013-2014. Prepared for the ORRI Steering Committee and PRCC Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department. Westbank, BC.

Rivard-Sirois, C., K. Alex and J. Squakin. 2017. Aquatic Monitoring 2016 for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work. Prepared for the Habitat Conservation Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Rivard-Sirois, C., K. Alex and J. Squakin. 2018. Aquatic Monitoring 2017 for the Penticton Channel salmon spawning restoration work. Prepared for the Habitat Conservation Committee. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

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Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 33 ONA Fisheries Department Walsh, M. and L. Weins. 2006. Skaha Lake kokanee salmon spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2005. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Wickett, W.P. 1954. The oxygen supply to salmon eggs in spawning beds. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 11(6):933-953.

Wiens, L. and K. Long. 2006. Skaha Lake Kokanee Fry Emergence Enumeration 2006. Prepared for the Skaha Lake Sockeye Salmon Re-introduction Program - Broodyear 2004. Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

Wodchyc, K., L. Wiens, and R. Benson. 2007. Skaha Lake kokanee spawner enumeration and biological sampling 2006. Prepared by Okanagan Nation Alliance Fisheries Department, Westbank, BC.

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Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 34 ONA Fisheries Department

Appendix A: Sampling procedures

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 35 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A1: Cross section sampling procedures

Sampling equipment:  RTK tripod and survey rod  Range finder  River safety equipment

Study site locations: cross sections at  XS 6+222 - upstream  XS 6+200 – Bed No.1 (crest; Chinook section)  XS 6+125 – Bed No.1 (Sockeye section)  XS 6+065 – Bed No.1 (Sockeye section)  XS 5+952 – WSC station  XS 5+911 – Coyote Cruise stairs  XS 5+800 - Bed No.2 (Crest, Sockeye section)  XS 5+756 - Bed No.2 (Sockeye section)  XS 5+682 - Bed No.2 (Sockeye section)  XS 5+603 – Hwy Bridge (pool)  XS 5+460 – Boulder clusters (pool)  XS 5+290 - Bed No.3B (Sockeye section)  XS 5+191 - Bed No. 3C (Sockeye section)  XS 5+030 -1986 Kokanee bed  XS 4+962 -1986 Kokanee bed  XS 4+730 – Golf course bridge  XS 4+700 – Bed No.4 crest  XS 4+656 - Bed No.4 (4A, Sockeye section)  XS 4+506 - Bed No.4 (4B, Kokanee section)  XS 4+358 - Bed No.4 (4C, Sockeye section)  XS 4+206 – Bed No.4 (4D, Kokanee section)  XS 4+088 – KVR

Sampling methods: Based on the Manual of Standard Operating Procedures for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia (RIC 1998).

1. Locate and verify monuments. Describing the monuments and any changes to the site. 2. Place a tagline across the watercourse at cross sections. 3. Anchor the tagline with the zero referenced to the initial point. The initial point is a permanently marked point at the start of a cross section, normally located above the high water mark on the right bank.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 36 ONA Fisheries Department 4. Wade across the watercourse, stringing the tagline at a right angle to the direction of the current. Secure the tagline on either shore and determine the overall width of the metering section. Assess the approximate spacing of the verticals according to the flow pattern. 5. Record the tagline distance to the edge of the water. If there is a steep drop at the edge of the stream, the first "vertical" depth observation should be taken close to the edge. Move to the next vertical. Record the distance indicated by the numbered marker on the tagline. Observe and record the depth.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 37 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A2: Thalweg profile

Sampling equipment:  RTK tripod and survey rod  Range finder

Study site locations:  Between Okanagan Dam (6+287) and KVR bridge abutments (4+088)

Sampling Methods: 1. The rod-holder puts the stadia rod straight up on level ground next to the end of the sight-level and determines the sighter’s pupil-level height, to the nearest tenth of a foot. 2. The sighter takes the sight-level and the tape reel while the rod-holder takes the rod, clipboard and pencil, and the end of the tape. Space roughly 20m apart or at reach breaks, ideally to two identical habitat units, where the line of sight is good. 3. Run the tape between both people at the thalweg. 4. The sighter stands at the thalweg and the rod-holder holds the stadia rod at the thalweg. Make sure it is straight up. Enter the “Depth of rod in water”. 5. Sight through the sight level (with the label at the top) toward the stadia rod and adjusts it so that the bubble is centered on the sight level’s center mark. The sighter then determines where the center mark crosses the stadia rod, by reading the numbers on the rod. Record that “Sight height” on the data sheet. 6. Continue this moving downstream to the end of the reach. 7. The computer in the office will calculate the gradient, which is simply the “rise over the run” and plot.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 38 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A3: Water depth and velocity measurements

Sampling equipment:  Gurley velocity meter  Stop watch  Depth rod  Range finder  Measuring tape

Study site locations:  At each Spawning Bed in the channel  1986 Kokanee Bed (enhanced section)  Reaches 1.1 to 5.1 during redd distribution survey

Sampling methods:

1. Locate cross sections and verify monuments. 2. Wade across the watercourse, stringing the tagline at a right angle to the direction of the current. Secure the tagline on either shore and determine the overall width of the metering section. Assess the approximate spacing of the verticals according to the flow pattern. 3. Record the tagline distance for the edge of the water. If there is a steep drop at the edge of the stream, the first "vertical" depth and velocity observation should be taken close to the edge. Move to the next vertical. Record the distance indicated by the numbered marker on the tagline. Observe and record the depth. 4. Set the current meter to the correct depth to obtain the velocity. To obtain the velocity, count and record the number of revolutions the bucket wheel makes for a duration of 40 seconds.  Spacing of Verticals. Obtain >10 observations of both depth and velocity for one cross section.  Position of the technician. The technician should stand to the side and downstream from the meter so as not to influence the velocity.  Position of the current meter. Hold the wading rod in a vertical position with the current meter parallel to the direction of flow and at 60% of the water depth measuring from the water surface. Vertical axis meters - if the axis of the meter is not kept vertical, the meter will tend to under-register.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 39 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A4: Froude number calculations

Sampling equipment:  Calculator

Study site Llcations:  At each Spawning Bed in the channel  1986 Kokanee Bed (enhanced section)  Reaches 1.1 to 5.1 during redd distribution survey

Sampling and data analysis methods:

Measurements of water depth, velocity at cross sections, are needed to calculate the Froude number. The water depth, D, in metres (m) and velocity, V, in metres per second (m/s) are measured and Froude numbers are calculated using D and V measurements.

The Froude number is calculated using V, D and g is the force of gravity (9.81 m/s2) such that: V Fr  gD

Within the cross sections, water depth is documented at the same point average velocities are recorded. The average velocity of the water depth profile is taken at 60% of the water depth measuring from the water surface using a velocity meter that recorded averages over 40 seconds. Velocity meters need to be calibrated and tested periodically during the study against a Gurley meter.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 40 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A5: Wolman pebble count

Sampling equipment:  Callipers  Data sheets  Camera  Waders and safety equipment  Buckets

Study site locations:  cross sections at created beds (Figure 4).

Sampling methods: (From Kondolf 1997; Wolman 1954) 1. The counter(s) walk back and forth within a riffle/run across the entire channel bottom where the stream runs during normal flows, Don’t sample at pools or “glides” (places of deep, uniform-depth, slow-moving water). 2. Walk heel-to-toe straight across this channel. 3. Straight down to the stream-bottom along the line drawn at the tip of your boots. 4. Don’t count bedrock, garbage, construction debris, or organic materials. Otherwise, measure whatever you first touch with the welding rod, be it silt, gravel, or a boulder. 5. If you hit fine sediment that covers a rock completely (not sporadically), count the fines, not the rock. 6. If you’ve hit fine sediment, you don’t need to pick it up. Just call out “fines,” and the recorder will enter a tally in the “<4 mm” row. 7. Otherwise, pick up the first piece you hit and measure its diameter along its intermediate axis, which is perpendicular to the other two. To find this, first find the longest axis; then find the smallest axis that is perpendicular to the longest axis. There is now one more axis that is perpendicular to both the longest and shortest axes—that is the intermediate axis (Schuett-Hames et al., 1996). 8. If you can’t easily remove the rock from the bed, excavate around it and measure it in place. (You may have to “let the dust clear” for a few seconds.) The intermediate axis will be the smaller of the two exposed axes. 9. Repeat this procedure, walking heel-to-toe and crossing back and forth across the riffle.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 41 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A6: Accumulated fines measured in egg baskets

Sampling equipment:  Sieves  Graduated cylinders  Drying racks  Sediment sorter

Study sites:  At egg basket sample sites from 2007-2009 & 2011 o akłxʷminaʔ mouth and o Enhanced section  At restored Spawning Beds (No.1 , No.2, No.3)

Sampling methods: 1. Collected fine sediments from each basket are completely dried, then sorted using sieve sizes: 2 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.25 mm and a pan to catch the remaining <0.25 mm particles. 2. The volume of accumulated fines was measured by liquid displacement by sieve sizes in a graduated cylinder, and compared with the displacement volume of the gravel substrate and the volume of the basket to determine the percent of volume of the basket available to be filled by fines. 3. The interstitial spaces within the gravel are key components of suitable incubation habitat because egg survival depends on the intra-gravel flow, porosity and permeability (Chapman 1988). Therefore, it is important to evaluate the amount of fines (f%) in terms of the available space within the redd (in basket). This was accomplished using the equation in Flanagan (2003):

f% = vol fines ----- *100

vol bsk- vol sub

where vol fines is the volume of the fines (<2 mm), vol bsk is the volume of the incubation basket 3 (2860 cm ); and vol sub is the volume of the initial substrate placed in the basket. This calculation measures the amount of space available to the eggs within the substrate matrix and subsequently what percentage of that space was eliminated due to accumulated fines.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 42 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A7: Surface water elevations (River)

Sampling equipment:  HOBO freshwater data loggers (Model U20-001-01)  HOBO waterproof data shuttle (Model U-DTW-1)  Field computer with HOBO software  Surveying equipment (level, stadia rod, tripod)  Repair kit, including pliers, clamps, tie raps, cloths, etc.  Data sheets  GPS and camera  Waders and safety equipment

Study site locations:  Figure 6.

Sampling methods: 1. Based on the “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia” (RIC 1998). 2. On-going recording using HOBO data loggers. 3. Download water level logger data 3-4 times/year. o Download the data using the HOBO software and data shuttle. Re-launch the logger for hourly recordings. o Survey the offset of each logger to a known elevation benchmark or alternatively note the height of the water level on the gauge to the nearest centimetre. o Record the date and time measurement taken.

Data analysis: 1. Download hourly air pressure recorded at Environment Canada meteorological Station - PENTICTON A (http://climate.weather.gc.ca/). 2. Download hourly SWE and discharge at WSC #08NM050 and 08NM084 (https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/). 3. Calculate hourly SWE for all loggers using the formula in Excel: Water elevation = (Logger Pressure-Atmos Pressure) * kPa-m Conversion factor + Offset (elevation logger). 4. Plot hourly SWE at all loggers and at the WSC stations for the report period in Excel. 5. Plot the relationship between river discharge at WSC 08NM050 and SWE at all loggers in Excel.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 43 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A8: Groundwater elevations and pond surface water elevations

Sampling equipment: 1. Piezometer installation: PVC pipe, screens, caps and locks; soil augers; post pounder; tarp; buckets; camera; GPS; shovels; jack-all and chain; waterproof marker; pressure transducers (HOBO freshwater data loggers ) and stainless steel cable 2. Pond water level stations: pressure transducers and stainless steel cables; staff gauge and mounting hardware; 3. Monitoring: field data and instruction sheets; Hobo Logger shuttle and laptop computer; camera

Study site locations:  Three groundwater monitoring stations west of q̓awsitkw on the Penticton Indian Reserve paired with three river stage recorders on Penticton Channel o Locatee lands (Community Place), including three ponds and a piezometer o Disconnected oxbow approx 800m north of q̓awstik̓ ʷ̓ t o Other sites to be determined

Sampling methods: 1. Based on the “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures” for Hydrometric Surveys in British Columbia (RIC 1998). 2. Note the height of the water level on the gauge to the nearest centimetre. 3. Record the date and time the measurement was taken. 4. See appendix A7 for logger data download procedures.

Data analysis methods:  See appendix A7.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 44 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A9: Fish habitat feature measurements

Sampling equipment:  100’ tape or range finder  Camera, photo log  River safety equipment

Study site Locations:  All reaches (Figure 8)

Sampling methods: For each LWD 1. Tally on the data sheet the number of pieces by category and zone of lowest intrusion. The zones are defined as: a. the wetted channel (the wet part of the stream) on the day you are monitoring, b. the bankfull channel. 2. If it is noticeable that some of the LWD has been installed as part of a restoration project, rather than having been recruited naturally, make tallies in 2 separate sub-columns: “natural” and “artificial.” 3. After tallying, write out and circle the total number in each box. Remember to write zeroes if none is observed. 4. If there are any pieces that don’t meet the criteria of 10cm diameter and 1 m length but nevertheless seem to be serving channel-forming or habitat-creating functions, note them on the data sheet. 5. Take photos of the features such as LWD pieces.

For SWD 1. Note the length of the bank covered in SWD 2. Measure the depth of protrusion in the river of the SWD

Boulders 1. Count the total number of boulders

Gravel bars 1. Note the length of the bank covered of gravel bar 2. Measure the depth of protrusion in the river of the bar based on bankfull width

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 45 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A10: Macrophytes sampling

Sampling equipment:  GPS  Range finder  Measuring tape  Data sheets  Camera  Plastic bags and waterproof labels  Snorkel equipment  Safety equipment

Study site locations:  All reaches (Figure 8)

Sampling methods: 1. Divide the mainstem in 2 portions: Right side and Left side 2. Walk (or snorkel, pending on visibly) in along the right portion of the mainstem and record information on each herbarium (area covered by macrophytes):

 Note the shape of the herbarium: rectangle or triangle.  Take the measurements of the herbarium with the measuring tape or the range finder depending on the size of the herbarium: length (m), width (m).  Take the GPS coordinates of the middle of the herbarium. For herbarium that are 10m or more in length, take a GPS point at each extremity of the herbarium.  Note the density of the herbarium (i.e. the percentage of coverage by macrophytes): 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.  Note each species present in the herbarium and it relative abundance (i.e. the percentage of the herbarium covered by each species).  Take pictures and note other observations. 3. Walk (or snorkel, pending on visibly) in along the left portion of the mainstem and record the same information on each herbarium.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 46 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A11: Benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring

Sampling equipment:  D-frame kicknet w/ 500 um mesh  Velocity meter  Wide mouth sample jars (250ml)  Ethanol  Forceps  GPS and camera  Wash bottle  Thermometer  Tape measure  Stop watch  Waterproof labels  Data sheets  Waders and safety equipment

Study site locations:  OBMEP Site 493 (See Figure 8)

Sampling methods: Based on Reynoldson et al. 2006 1. Select a suitable site; it should be representative of the reach and within a riffle. 2. Take photos and a GPS location. 3. Get invertebrate sample by walking and scuffing stream bed in a zigzag, starting downstream and going upstream – net needs to be downstream and close to feet. 4. Zigzag up the riffle for 3 minutes. 5. Rinse sample into 250mL wide mouth jars – sample jar should have 2/3 sample and 1/3 preservative. 6. Walk the riffle, randomly selecting substrate to determine the average substrate size. 7. Take channel measurements, which include velocity, bankfull width and wetted width. Note: Invertebrates should be collected at the end of September to beginning of October.

Summary of Hilsenhoff Biotic Index ranges

Family Biotic Index Water Quality Degree of Organic Pollution 0-3.75 Excellent Organic pollution unlikely 3.76-4.25 Very Good Possible slight organic pollution 4.26-5.00 Good Some organic pollution probable 5.01-5.75 Fair Fairly substantial pollution likely 5.76-6.50 Fairly Poor Substantial pollution likely 6.51-7.25 Poor Very substantial pollution likely 7.26-10.00 Very Poor Severe organic pollution likely

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 47 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A12: Water temperature measurements

Sampling equipment:

 temperature logger (Onset Computer Corporation Optic StowAway®)  Onset Computer Corporation BoxCar Pro 4.0 software  aluminum pipe the size of the temperature logger  Aircraft carrier cable  Cable sleeves  Cutter  GPS  Data sheets  Camera  Waders and safety equipment

Study site locations:  OBMEP site 493 logger (figure 8)  ORRI Penticton Golf Course logger

Sampling methods:

1. Launch each logger using Onset Computer Corporation BoxCar Pro 4.0 software. The data recording interval is set for two hours. 2. House each logger in aluminum piping to protect the logger from damage. 3. Place each logger within the active channel representative of each site. 4. Secure each logger to a tree with aircraft cable. 5. Record information on the installation and a site description. 6. Retrieve the logger and download the data.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 48 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A13: Snorkeling procedures

Sampling equipment:  Snorkel equipment and wetsuit  Kayak  GPS  Data sheets  Camera  Safety equipment

List of reaches (Figure 8):  Reaches 1 & 1.1: Dam to Hwy bridge  Reaches 2 & 3: Hwy bridge to Golf br.  Reach 4: Golf br. to KVR abutm. Reach 5: KVR to Shingle Cr.  Reach 5.1: Shingle to pipeline sign  Reach 6 pipeline to skaha stairs

Survey methods: 1. Snorkeling surveys are conducted to identify, enumerate and classify salmonids and non- salmonids into length categories. Data collection is recorded per reach and includes the start and end times, species (for salmonids), family (for non-salmonids), the number of fish of each species or family, and the length category (<10cm, 10-30cm, or >30cm).

Description of the biological measurements collected. Measurement General Description Units

Salmonids and non-salmonids are identified to Species or Fish species species where possible. family The number of fish, of each species and family, Number of fish Number are counted. Counted fish are measured and classified into Length category one of three fish length groups (<10cm, 10- cm 30cm, or >30cm).

2. The underwater visual distance, average wetted width, stream temperature and environmental conditions at the time of the survey are also recorded. The number of crew members needed for the snorkel survey is dependent upon the underwater visual distance. Five snorkelers are required for this project due to average wetted width of 25m 3. Each snorkeler floats downstream in a straight line across the wetted width of the stream and spaced in intervals determined by the underwater visual distance.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 49 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A14: Redd distribution assessments

Sampling equipment:  GPS  Depth stick  Velocity meter  Range finder  Waders and safety equipment

List of reaches (Figure 8):  Reach 1.1: Dam to Coyote Cruise stairs  Reach 1: Coyote Cruise stairs to Hwy bridge  Reach 2: Hwy bridge to enhanced section  Reach 3: enhanced section Golf br.  Reach 4: Golf br. to KVR abutm. Reach 5: KVR to Shingle Cr.  Reach 5.1: Shingle to pipeline sign

Survey methods: All patches of redds are mapped and measured and the spawner density within each redd patch is estimated to the nearest 25%. The highest observed redd densities are taken to represent 100% density with medium low and very low observed redd densities representing 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively. Single redds are not included as redd patches. In addition to clearly defined single redds, any patches smaller than 3 m2 are assumed to be single redds based on ONA’s experience observing Sockeye redds in the q̓awsitkw over the past four spawning seasons.

Patterns in spawning habitat location within the channel are also identified, namely the distribution of individual measured redds (i.e. those near transects) and redd patches by spawning habitat type. The six spawning habitat types are:

1. Deep riffle: deep turbulent flow found throughout the site length, with depths greater than 0.3m; 2. Run-end: shallow to deep runs found immediately upstream of islands or mid-channel bars; 3. Riffle: shallow turbulent flow found throughout the site length, with depths less than 0.3m; 4. Margin: found along the steep sides of islands, bars, and banks especially on the downstream side of inside bends; 5. Side-channel: characterized as having much shallower water than the main channel but not including areas where the main channel split into nearly equal halves; and 6. Bar-end: a sub-class of margin habitat found on the low gradient downstream tails of bars.

In each redd patch, water depth and water velocity are measured using a Gurly current meter. Descriptive statistics (mean, range, standard deviation) are calculated for each of the habitat variables using data from all of the redd patches measured.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 50 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A15: Salmon spawning enumeration survey

Sampling equipment:  Zodiac boat  Paddles  Personal safety gear  Tally counters  Thermometer  Polarized glasses for crew  Brimmed hats for crew

List of reaches (Figure 8):  Reach 1.1: Dam to Coyote Cruise stairs  Reach 1: Coyote Cruise stairs to Hwy bridge  Reach 2: Hwy bridge to enhanced section  Reach 3: enhanced section Golf br.  Reach 4: Golf br. to KVR abutm. Reach 5: KVR to Shingle Cr.  Reach 5.1: Shingle to pipeline sign

Survey methods: 1. The study area is surveyed by float at intervals of 3-7 days from late September to mid- November, for a total of 11 surveys typically. 2. Visual counts at Penticton Channel are conducted by a two-person crew floating downstream through mid-channel. 3. Observers count live (holding and spawning) and dead fish within the channel.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 51 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A16: Egg incubation assessments

Sampling equipment:  Egg baskets and related equipment  Sieved gravel  Eggs and milt  Depth stick and velocity meter  Temperature and DO loggers  Calipers  Fine sediment sieves and shaker

List of reaches:  Created Beds (No.1, No.2, No.3)  Enhanced section (1986 Kokanee Bed)  Exiting area at future Bed No.4

Survey methods: Egg survivals were determined using incubation baskets. This style of in-situ basket provides a measure of egg survival as they contain known numbers of sockeye eggs as well as capture fine sediment that naturally accumulates. Inter-gravel dissolved oxygen and water temperature were measured within the incubation baskets during their incubation. Seeded incubation baskets were placed in artificially built redds and recovered pre-hatch (after 3 months incubation period). Egg survival was then determined along with fines accumulated within incubation baskets that were analyzed by weight and by volume.

Egg survivals in egg baskets methods: Incubation baskets (as described in Bardonnet and Gaudin 1990 and Cunjak et al. 2002) are cylindrical in shape, constructed of white PVC pipe-fitted caps (10.2 cm diameter) for the top and bottom of the basket. White Nytex screening (2 mm mesh openings), bonded along the seam with silicone sealant, make up the 35 cm long cylinders. The percent of the surface (mesh) exposed to gravel is 40% of the basket (Flanagan 2003).

Sockeye eggs were collected from wild fish caught as part of the ONAFD sockeye brood stock program. The hatchery staff was on site during brood stock collection, which is in accordance with the Alaska Protocol (McDaniel et al. 1994). Eggs from several females are pooled and fertilized by at least two males. The eggs were mixed, then divided into batches of 100 eggs and placed in sterile dry bottles for transfer into artificial redd sites. Bottles were stored in a cooler and kept within 2oC of the river temperature at collection. Eggs were collected at the ONAFD hatchery but not fertilized until just before placement in incubation baskets.

Fertilization control baskets were prepared the same way, seeded with the same batch of eggs, and kept at the same sites under similar conditions as the incubation baskets. Control groups were set up at the

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 52 ONA Fisheries Department redd sites. Control baskets were retrieved and the eggs checked for notochord development at 150 Accumulated Thermal Units, which was usually 10 to 15 days after fertilization using the vinegar technique. The results of on-site controls were used to account for egg viability and the success of fertilization.

Sieved and washed gravel (25-75 mm) was placed in each incubation basket. Fertilized eggs were introduced into the baskets within the gravel matrix using a funnel and plastic tube to ensure eggs were dispersed within interstitial gravel spaces in order to maintain low egg densities and to lessen the probability of eggs being damaged during installation. Baskets were then topped up with gravel, capped, and placed within artificial redds. To prevent the risk of density-dependent mortality, which is mortality arising from an increased demand for oxygen due to a greater concentration of eggs (Wickett 1954), only densities of 100 eggs per 2860 cm3 was used. This density is well below the recommended level of 30 eggs per 108 cm3 (Rubin 1995).

Artificial redds were dug 30 cm deep in an area of approximately one square meter. Baskets were arranged at a 45o angle in the pit with the screw lid top facing downstream. Two baskets were placed per redd. The baskets were covered from the upstream side with surrounding gravel material. Only a portion of the basket lid was left exposed.

Egg incubation usually lasts 50 to 140 days (Scott & Crossman 1973); sockeye embryos hatch between December and February. We pulled the baskets just after they had hatched. Incubation baskets were removed from their artificial redds simply by pulling them out. A bucket was placed below the basket as soon as it was retrieved from the redd in order to collect all the sediment that had accumulated within the basket. Once the basket was retrieved, the contents were separated to count live and dead eggs (recorded as either dead, unfertilized or black eggs).

The percent survival for each basket is recorded as survival (S, as a %) up to pre-hatch and is calculated as: S% = Total nb live (eggs + alevins) * 100 (Total nb live + dead) * FC where FC is the measured fertilization success in the fertilization control baskets.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 53 ONA Fisheries Department Inter-gravel (redd) dissolved oxygen and temperature methods: Inter-gravel dissolved oxygen (IDO measured in mg/l) and water temperatures (Co) were recorded with HOBO U26 Dissolved Oxygen Data Loggers and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 Data Loggers placed in egg baskets and artificial redds at each site. Hourly measurements were taken for both parameters throughout the survey period (incubation).

Gravel and accumulated fine sediment in egg baskets methods: Gravel was sieved from the accumulated fines for 8 incubation baskets (4 baskets in the newly created spawning beds; 2 baskets in the 1986 kokanee bed; 2 baskets in the area of the upcoming Bed No.4). Substrate sizes of 25 gravel pebbles were measured in each of these baskets using calipers along the b- axis (i.e. neither the longest nor the shortest). The D50 (or median of the sample) was calculated for each basket.

Collected fine sediments from each basket were completely dried, then sorted using sieve sizes of 2 mm and 0.85 mm, as well as, a pan to catch the remaining <0.85 mm particles. The volume of accumulated fines was measured by liquid displacement by sieve sizes in a graduated cylinder, and compared with the displacement volume of the gravel substrate and the volume of the basket to determine the percent of volume of the basket available to be filled by fines. The interstitial spaces within the gravel are key components of suitable incubation habitat because egg survival depends on the intra-gravel flow, porosity and permeability (Chapman 1988), Therefore, it is important to evaluate the amount of fines (f%) in terms of the available space within the redd (in basket). This was accomplished using the equation in Flanagan (2003):

f% = vol fines * 100

vol bsk - vol sub

where vol fines is the volume of the fines (<2 mm), vol bsk is the volume of the incubation basket

(2860 ml); and vol sub is the volume of the initial substrate placed in the basket. This calculation measures the amount of space available to the eggs within the substrate matrix and subsequently what percentage of that space was eliminated due to accumulated fines.

Spawning area characteristic measurements methods: Measurements of water depth and velocity were taken 0.5 m upstream of artificial redds. Water depth is recorded to the centimeter and the average velocity of the water depth profile was taken at 60% of the water depth, measuring from the water surface, using a Gurley velocity meter recording velocities over 40 seconds. The Froude number is calculated using velocity (V) and water depth (D) measured along with the g, the force of gravity (9.81 m/s2) such that: V Fr  gD



Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 54 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix A17: Channel morphometry measurements

Sampling equipment:  100’ tape, or range finder  camera, photo log  Safety equipment

Study site locations:  All reaches (Figure 8)

Sampling methods: 1. Sketching the reach as laid out in Newbury and Gaboury (1993). 2. Beginning at the Okanagan Outlet Dam, the reach is walked while recording the length and width of habitat types such as pools, riffles and glides. 3. The surface area of each feature is then calculated in meters. 4. Photographs of each habitat type are taken.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 55 ONA Fisheries Department

Appendix B: Monitoring data

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 56 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix B1: Cross section surveys

Cross section surveys Pre- and Post construction (Bed No. 4) or enhancement (Bed No. 3 and 1986 bed) of spawning beds.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 57 ONA Fisheries Department

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 58 ONA Fisheries Department

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 59 ONA Fisheries Department

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 60 ONA Fisheries Department

Appendix B2: Redd distribution surveys

General information 2018 survey Q at 08NM050 (cms) 12.5

Wetted Data Data Reach Transect width Date Time Crew entry analysis (m) 30-Oct- 1.1 &1 Dam-Hwy Br. 28 8:45-9:50 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 30-Oct- 9:50 - 2 Hwy Br.-Enhanced 26 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 10:30 30-Oct- 10:30 - 3 Enhanced-Golf Br. 28 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 11:10 30-Oct- 11:10- 4 Golf Br.-KVR 28 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 11:50 30-Oct- 5 KVR-Stairs 26 12:45-3:00 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 31-Oct- 10:30- 5.1 Stairs-pipeline 28 CM/ ZE KA KA 18 12:00 Average: 27.3

Summary 2018 survey *Note: The majority of redds in reach 5 were too deep to be measured (depth, velocity, Froude)

Total Average Average Average Average Effective Average Redd Velocity Froude (Fr= D50 spawn area D84 (mm) depth (m) (m/s) v/√gD) (mm) (m2) Reach 1.1 0.88 0.66 0.23 1932.15 50 73 Reach 1 0.79 0.74 0.27 3793.00 43 81 Reach 2 0.76 0.65 0.24 4012.50 33 57 Reach 3 0.99 0.53 0.17 4763.00 38 85 Reach 4 0.75 0.72 0.27 12619.75 45 75 Reach 5 0.75 0.66 0.25 260.00 40 85 Reach 5.1 0.69 0.44 0.17 756.00 30 60 Total: 28136

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 61 ONA Fisheries Department Average Average Total % of Average Average Average Redd Froude Effective total Velocity D50 D84 depth (Fr= spawn available (m/s) (mm) (mm) (m) v/√gD) area area Bed No.1 0.88 0.66 0.23 1932 44% 50 73 Bed No.2 0.74 0.80 0.30 3537 86% 42 76 Bed No.3 0.76 0.65 0.24 4013 59% 33 57 1986 KO Bed 0.82 0.58 0.21 672 15% 40 70 Bed No.4 0.74 0.69 0.26 12435 99% 39 59 Shingle deposition 0.69 0.44 0.17 756 30 60 area 12% Existing Channel 0.88 0.65 0.23 2367 - 48 102 Total: 25712

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 62 ONA Fisheries Department 2018 Redd survey data

Patc Redd Patc Spawn Redd Froude h Effective Patch velocity Velocity Patch h Spawn density Reach Location depth (Fr= wid spawn # @ 40% (# (m/s) shape lengt area (25, 50, (m) v/√gD) th area rot) h (m) 75, 100%) (m) 1.1 Bed No.1 1 0.75 41 0.69 0.26 R 15 21 315 25% 78.75 1.1 Bed No.1 2 0.74 47 0.80 0.30 R 48 24 1152 70% 806.4 1.1 Bed No.1 3 0.96 37 0.63 0.20 R 40 24 960 70% 672 1.1 Bed No.1 4 1.06 30 0.51 0.16 R 50 10 500 75% 375 Existing too 1.1 5 too deep x x R 7 7 49 70% 34.3 Channel deep Existing 1 6 0.90 31 0.53 0.18 R 23 18 414 50% 207 Channel Existing 1 7 0.90 38 0.64 0.22 R 14 7 98 50% 49 Channel 1 Bed No.2 8 0.90 40 0.68 0.23 R 32 18 576 75% 432 1 Bed No.2 9 0.54 64 1.08 0.47 R 57 23 1311 100% 1311 1 Bed No.2 10 0.78 49 0.83 0.30 R 45 23 1035 75% 776.25 1 Bed No.2 11 0.79 43 0.73 0.26 R 37 23 851 100% 851 1 Bed No.2 12 0.70 39 0.66 0.25 R 29 23 667 25% 166.75 2 Bed No.3 13 0.86 40 0.68 0.23 R 31 27 837 75% 627.75 2 Bed No.3 14 0.73 34 0.58 0.22 R 26 25 650 100% 650 2 Bed No.3 15 0.78 43 0.73 0.26 R 13 25 325 75% 243.75 2 Bed No.3 16 0.74 41 0.69 0.26 R 33 25 825 100% 825 2 Bed No.3 17 0.72 36 0.61 0.23 R 57 24 1368 50% 684 2 Bed No.3 18 0.68 34 0.58 0.22 R 22 10 220 25% 55 2 Bed No. 3 19 0.66 47 0.80 0.31 R 22 15 330 50% 165 2 Bed No. 3 20 0.82 32 0.54 0.19 R 15 24 360 25% 90 2 Bed No. 3 21 0.84 36 0.61 0.21 R 28 24 672 100% 672 3 KO Bed 22 0.82 34 0.58 0.20 R 189 22 4158 100% 4158 Existing 3 23 1.04 30 0.51 0.16 R 20 10 200 75% 150 Channel Existing 3 24 1.00 31 0.53 0.17 R 26 20 520 50% 260 Channel Existing 3 25 1.10 31 0.53 0.16 R 26 15 390 50% 195 Channel Bed No. 4 - 4 26 0.78 44 0.74 0.27 R 122 24 2928 75% 2196 SK Bed No. 4 - 4 27 0.72 39 0.66 0.25 R 34 24 816 50% 408 SK Bed No. 4 - 4 28 0.70 45 0.76 0.29 R 120 24 2880 100% 2880 KO Bed No. 4 - 4 29 0.80 36 0.61 0.22 R 42 26 1092 75% 819 SK Bed No. 4 - 4 30 0.79 38 0.64 0.23 R 186 24 4464 50% 2232 SK

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 63 ONA Fisheries Department Bed No. 4 - 4 31 0.76 40 0.68 0.25 R 26 26 676 50% 338 KO Bed No. 4 - 4 32 0.86 39 0.66 0.23 R 68 26 1768 75% 1326 KO Bed No. 4 - 4 33 0.50 46 0.78 0.35 R 86 26 2236 100% 2236 KO Existing 4 34 0.82 48 0.81 0.29 R 29 16 464 25% 116 Channel Existing 4 35 0.82 45 0.76 0.27 R 15 5 75 25% 18.75 Channel Existing 4 36 0.70 50 0.85 0.32 R 5 20 100 50% 50 Channel Existing 5 37 0.66 55 0.93 0.37 R 24 20 480 50% 240 Channel Existing too 5 38 too deep x x R 34 20 680 25% 170 Channel deep Existing too 5 39 too deep x x R 38 5 190 50% 95 Channel deep Existing too 5 40 too deep x x R 17 6 102 75% 76.5 Channel deep Existing too 5 41 too deep x x R 48 2.5 120 75% 90 Channel deep Existing too 5 42 too deep x x R 6 3 18 50% 9 Channel deep Existing too 5 43 too deep x x R 16 10 160 100% 160 Channel deep Existing too 5 44 too deep x x R 9 4 36 25% 9 Channel deep Existing too 5 45 too deep x x R 23 15 345 50% 172.5 Channel deep Existing too 5 46 too deep x x R 10 5 50 25% 12.5 Channel deep Existing 5 47 0.84 23 0.39 0.14 R 8 10 80 25% 20 Channel Shingle 5.1 deposition 48 1.14 25 0.43 0.13 R 23 25 575 75% 431.25 area Shingle 5.1 deposition 49 0.82 47 0.80 0.28 R 41 10 410 75% 307.5 area Shingle 5.1 deposition 50 0.42 6 0.11 0.05 R 5 3 15 25% 3.75 area Shingle 5.1 deposition 51 0.38 26 0.44 0.23 R 18 3 54 25% 13.5 area Existing too 5.1 52 too deep X X R 20 18 360 25% 90 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 53 too deep X X R 40 10 400 50% 200 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 54 too deep X X R 24 15 360 25% 90 Channel deep

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 64 ONA Fisheries Department Existing too 5.1 55 too deep X X R 29 21 609 50% 304.5 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 56 too deep X X R 62 13 806 25% 201.5 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 57 too deep X X R 37 3 111 50% 55.5 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 58 too deep X X R 3 2 6 100% 6 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 59 too deep X X R 58 4 232 25% 58 Channel deep Existing too 5.1 60 too deep X X R 56 4 224 25% 56 Channel deep

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 65 ONA Fisheries Department 2018 Redd survey data – habitat

D50 D84 Spawning Other Reach Location Patch # (mm) (mm) habitat comments

1.1 Bed No.1 1 50 75 DR 1.1 Bed No.1 2 50 70 DR 1.1 Bed No.1 3 50 70 DR 1.1 Bed No.1 4 50 75 G 1.1 Existing Channel 5 40 70 G 1 Existing Channel 6 40 85 G 1 Existing Channel 7 50 100 G 1 Bed No.2 8 50 100 G 1 Bed No.2 9 40 70 DR 1 Bed No.2 10 40 70 DR 1 Bed No.2 11 40 70 DR 1 Bed No.2 12 40 70 DR 2 Bed No.3 13 30 60 G 2 Bed No.3 14 30 50 G kokanee 2 Bed No.3 15 30 50 G BED kokanee 2 Bed No.3 16 20 40 G BED 2 Bed No.3 17 30 60 DR 2 Bed No.3 18 40 60 DR 2 Bed No. 3 19 40 60 DR 2 Bed No. 3 20 40 60 G 2 Bed No. 3 21 40 70 G 3 KO Bed 22 20 40 G 3 Existing Channel 23 40 100 G 3 Existing Channel 24 40 100 G 3 Existing Channel 25 50 100 G 4 Bed No. 4 - SK 26 50 70 G 4 Bed No. 4 - SK 27 50 70 G 4 Bed No. 4 - KO 28 20 40 DR 4 Bed No. 4 - SK 29 50 70 DR 4 Bed No. 4 - SK 30 50 70 DR 4 Bed No. 4 - KO 31 50 70 G 4 Bed No. 4 - KO 32 20 40 G 4 Bed No. 4 - KO 33 20 40 DR 4 Existing Channel 34 60 120 DR 4 Existing Channel 35 60 120 DR 4 Existing Channel 36 60 120 DR

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 66 ONA Fisheries Department 5 Existing Channel 37 60 120 DR 5 Existing Channel 38 na na DR 5 Existing Channel 39 na na G 5 Existing Channel 40 na na G 5 Existing Channel 41 na na G 5 Existing Channel 42 na na G 5 Existing Channel 43 na na G 5 Existing Channel 44 na na G 5 Existing Channel 45 na na G 5 Existing Channel 46 na na G 5 Existing Channel 47 20 50 G Shingle deposition 5.1 48 30 60 G area Shingle deposition 5.1 49 30 60 DR area Shingle deposition 5.1 50 30 60 G area Shingle deposition 5.1 51 na na G area 5.1 Existing Channel 52 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 53 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 54 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 55 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 56 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 57 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 58 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 59 na na G 5.1 Existing Channel 60 na na G

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 67 ONA Fisheries Department Total Effective Spawn Area in Penticton Channel 2013-2018 fish Total Effective Spawn Area 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 observed (m2) spawning Spawning Bed No.1 0 3,875 207 2,962 2,186 1,932 SK Spawning Bed No.2 4 4,250 0 3,504 1,556 3,537 SK Spawning Bed No.3 1 2,674 4,744 4,218 3,513 4,013 SK & KO 1986 Kokanee Bed 3,335 2,678 133 4,354 3,702 672 KO Bed No.4 Area 17 9,176 1,526 6,401 2,115 12,435 SK & KO Shingle Deposition Area 402 5,177 50 2,810 1,843 756 SK & KO Remaining Channel 33 8,275 170 3,260 2,934 2,367 KO Total Penticton 3,792 36,104 6,831 27,508 17,848 25,712 SK & KO

Average Froude Number measured at redds (Sockeye preferred range = 0.3 ± 0.1)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average Froude Number Spawning Bed No.1 no redd 0.24 0.15 0.20 0.24 0.23 Spawning Bed No.2 0.19 0.29 0.24 0.29 0.31 0.30 Spawning Bed No.3 0.13 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.24 1986 Kokanee Bed 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.21 Bed No.4 Area 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.26 Shingle Deposition Area 0.20 0.17 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.17 Remaining Channel 0.14 < 0.19* < 0.11* < 0.15* < 0.16* 0.23

AFTER BEDS AFTER BED AFTER HIGH AFTER HIGH AFTER BED Comment BEFORE No. 1 & 2 No. 3 FRESHET FRESHET No. 4 Spawning river flow (m3/s) 11.6 10.4 7.0 12.7 8.2 8.2 * Some redds were too deep to be measured. Note: In 2015, flows were lower than normal during spawning.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 68 ONA Fisheries Department Result Summary of previous years

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2013 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1- - BEFORE CONSTRUCTION no redd no redd no redd 0 Bed No.2-- BEFORE CONSTRUCTION 0.90 0.57 0.19 4 Bed No.3-- BEFORE CONSTRUCTION 0.72 0.34 0.13 1 1986 KO Bed 0.65 0.44 0.18 3335 Existing Channel 0.80 0.51 0.19 452 Total: 3792

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2014 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1 0.90 0.63 0.22 3875 Bed No.2 0.69 0.76 0.29 4250 Bed No.3- BEFORE CONSTRUCTION 0.92 0.56 0.19 2674 1986 KO Bed 0.86 0.51 0.18 2678 Existing Channel 0.90 0.61 0.21 22628 Total: 36104

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2015 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1 0.84 0.44 0.15 207 Bed No.2 0.57 0.56 0.24 0 Bed No.3 0.51 0.51 0.23 4744 1986 KO Bed 0.66 0.44 0.17 133 Existing Channel 0.81 0.42 0.16 1747 Total: 6831

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2016 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1 0.86 0.58 0.20 2962 Bed No.2 0.68 0.74 0.29 3504 Bed No.3 0.71 0.62 0.24 4218 1986 KO Bed 0.82 0.52 0.18 4354 Existing Channel 0.87 0.51 0.18 12470 Total: 27508

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2017 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1 0.70 0.61 0.24 2186 Bed No.2 0.53 0.72 0.31 1556 Bed No.3 0.63 0.61 0.25 3513 1986 KO Bed 0.75 0.50 0.19 3702 Bed No.4 area 0.74 0.58 0.22 2115 Shingle deposition area 0.87 0.51 0.17 1843 Existing Channel 0.94 0.45 0.16 2934 Total: 17848

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 69 ONA Fisheries Department

Average Redd Average Average Froude Total Effective 2018 depth (m) Velocity (m/s) (Fr= v/√gD) spawn area Bed No.1 0.88 0.66 0.23 1932 Bed No.2 0.74 0.80 0.30 3793 Bed No.3 0.76 0.65 0.24 4013 1986 KO Bed 0.82 0.58 0.21 672 Bed No.4 area 0.74 0.69 0.26 12435 Shingle deposition area 0.69 0.44 0.17 756 Existing Channel 0.88 0.65 0.23 2367 Total: 25968

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 70 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix B3: Surface water elevations

Surface water elevations from 2013-2018

Note: Groundwater elevations and surface water elevations in ponds in ECOmmunity Place Locatee Lands (adjacent to Bed No.4) were also collected and are available for further analysis.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 71 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix B4: Water temperatures

Average daily temperatures from 2011-2013 at OBMEP site 493

Average daily temperatures recorded within the Penticton Channel and at the North end of t iwcən̓ (Dec. 2013-Nov.2015)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 72 ONA Fisheries Department

Number of days in 2014 with mean daily water temperature exceeding salmonid thresholds Number days >15.6°C 143 Number days >18.3°C 104 Mean daily maximum 25.9°C

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 73 ONA Fisheries Department Number of days in 2016 with mean daily water temperature exceeding salmonid thresholds Number days >15.6°C 127 Number days >18.3°C 90 Mean daily maximum 24.2°C

Number of days in 2017 with mean daily water temperature exceeding salmonid thresholds Number days >15.6°C 98 Number days >18.3°C 78 Mean daily maximum 23.7 °C

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 74 ONA Fisheries Department

Appendix B5: Fish holding and rearing surveys (snorkel) July 31, 2018 Snorkel survey results Reach 1 & 1.1: Dam to Reach 2 & 3: Hwy Reach 4: Golf BR to July 31, 2018 Hwy bridge bridge to Golf br KVR abutm. Time: 9:57-10:20 10:30-10:55 11:00-11:24

<10c 10- >30c <10c 10- >30c <10c 10- >30c Size: m 30cm m m 30cm m m 30cm m rainbow trout 90 230 19 2 27 2 11

whitefish 2 Rearing salmonid chinook

s brook trout

unk salmon

Migrator sockeye 1 y salmonid chinook s suckers 74 266 103 501 17 96

northern 74 120 580 535 51 352 51 28 pikeminnow sculpins 2 3

Native peamouth 1 minnows chub redside shiner 865 150 163

leopard dace

unk minnow

carps 9 75 9 3

LM Bass 2 2

SM Bass 23 15 1 3 4

unknown bass Exotic pumpkinseed species black crappie 2

yellow perch

bullheads

unknown

Other 1 dead sucker

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 75 ONA Fisheries Department July 31, 2018 Snorkel survey results CONTINUED

Reach 5: KVR to Reach 5.1: Shingle to Shingle Cr Pipeline sign Time: 11:30-11:50 12:00-12:20 ALL REACHES

10- 10- 10- Size: <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm TOTAL 30cm 30cm 30cm rainbow 15 4 102 35 92 385 60 537 trout whitefish 2 0 4 0 4 Rearing salmonids chinook 0 0 0 0

brook trout 1 0 0 1 1

unk salmon 0 0 0 0

sockeye 0 0 1 1 Migratory salmonids chinook 0 0 0 0

suckers 2 31 176 7 36 2 232 1075 1309

northern 1052 291 28 30 5 3 2014 956 230 3200 pikeminnow sculpins 5 0 0 5

Native peamouth 0 1 0 1 minnows chub redside 1260 30 2318 150 0 2468 shiner leopard dace 0 0 0 0

unk minnow 0 0 0 0

carps 8 5 10 5 9 105 119

LM Bass 2 1 0 6 1 7

SM Bass 16 11 12 6 14 70 7 91

unknown 4 0 4 0 4 Exotic bass species pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0

black crappie 2 0 0 2

yellow perch 0 0 0 0

bullheads 0 0 0 0

unknown 0 0 0 0

Other 3 dead sucker TOTAL: 7749

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 76 ONA Fisheries Department July 31, 2018 Snorkel survey summary Reach Reaches 2 & Reach 5: 5.1: Reaches 1 & 3: Hwy Reach 4: KVR to Shingle to TOTAL Reach 6:

1.1: Dam to bridge to Golf br. to Shingle pipeline Reach 1 to pipeline to Hwy bridge Golf br. KVR abutm. Cr. sign Reach 5.1 skaha stairs

Reach length (km) 0.6 0.87 0.68 0.75 0.6 3.5 2.4

Rainbow/Steelhead 339 31 11 19 137 537 ND

Chinook (juvenile) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ND Total rearing salmonids 339 31 13 21 138 542 ND

Native minnows 536 2785 711 2840 111 6983 ND

Exotic fish species 109 29 10 30 45 223 ND Migrating salmonids 1 0 0 0 0 1 ND

Total rearing fish* 984 2845 734 2891 294 7748 ND Rearing salmonids / Total rearing* 34% 1% 2% 1% 47% 7% ND Native minnows / Total rearing* 54% 98% 97% 98% 38% 90% ND Exotic fish / Total rearing* 11% 1% 1% 1% 15% 3% ND * Note: excluding migrating adult sockeye & chinook; ND=no data (not surveyed)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 77 ONA Fisheries Department

August 14, 2018 Snorkel Survey Results Reach 1 & 1.1: Dam to Reach 2 & 3: Hwy bridge Reach 4: Golf BR to KVR Hwy bridge to Golf br abutm.

Time: 9:26 - 9:41 9:48 - 10:12 10:17 - 10:34

10- 10- 10- Size: <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm 30cm 30cm 30cm rainbow trout 2 1 2 1

whitefish 1

Rearing chinook salmonids brook trout

unk salmon

sockeye Migratory salmonids chinook

suckers 12 67 37 87 2

northern 5 977 1282 5 30 3 pikeminnow sculpins 3 8 Native peamouth chub minnows redside shiner 651

leopard dace

unk minnow

carps 12 4 6

LM Bass

SM Bass 1 14 12 58 3 1

unknown bass

Exotic pumpkinseed species black crappie

yellow perch

bullheads

unknown

Other

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 78 ONA Fisheries Department

August 14, 2018 Snorkel survey results CONTINUED Reach 5: KVR to Shingle Reach 5.1: Shingle to Cr Pipeline sign Time: 10:54 - 11:08 11:15 - 11:36 ALL REACHES

10- 10- 10- Size: <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm <10cm >30cm TOTAL 30cm 30cm 30cm rainbow trout 1 1 64 5 2 69 6 77

whitefish 1 0 0 1 Rearing chinook 0 0 0 0 salmonids brook trout 1 0 0 1 1

unk salmon 0 0 0 0

sockeye 0 0 0 0 Migratory salmonids chinook 0 0 0 0

suckers 24 33 1 2 0 74 191 265

northern 320 105 3 1 1327 1395 9 2731 pikeminnow sculpins 11 0 0 11 Native minnows peamouth chub 0 0 0 0

redside shiner 568 1219 0 0 1219

leopard dace 0 0 0 0

unk minnow 0 0 0 0

carps 1 2 0 0 25 25

LM Bass 0 0 0 0

SM Bass 9 21 3 12 8 10 106 26 142

unknown bass 0 0 0 0 Exotic pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0 species black crappie 0 0 0 0

yellow perch 0 0 0 0

bullheads 0 0 0 0

unknown 0 0 0 0

Other TOTAL: 4472

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 79 ONA Fisheries Department

August 14, 2018 Snorkel survey summary TOTAL Reaches 2 Reach 4: Reach 5: Reach 5.1: Reach 1 Reaches 1 & & 3: Hwy Golf br. to KVR to Shingle to to Reach 6:

1.1: Dam to bridge to KVR Shingle pipeline Reach pipeline to Hwy bridge Golf br. abutm. Cr. sign 5.1 skaha stairs

Reach length (km) 0.6 0.87 0.68 0.75 0.6 3.5 2.4

Rainbow/Steelhead 3 2 1 1 70 77 ND

Chinook (juvenile) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ND

Total rearing salmonids 3 2 2 1 71 79 ND

Native minnows 87 3039 43 1053 4 4226 ND

Exotic fish species 39 65 7 34 22 167 ND

Migrating salmonids 0 0 0 0 0 0 ND

Total rearing fish* 129 3106 52 1088 97 4472 ND Rearing salmonids / Total rearing* 2% 0% 4% 0% 73% 2% ND Native minnows / Total rearing* 67% 98% 83% 97% 4% 94% ND Exotic fish / Total rearing* 30% 2% 13% 3% 23% 4% ND * Note: excluding migrating adult sockeye & chinook; ND=no data (not surveyed)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 80 ONA Fisheries Department

NUMBER OF OBSERVED JUVENILE AND ADULT RAINBOW/STEELHEAD and CHINOOK IN THE PENTICTION CHANNEL 2013 - 2018 J=Juvenile, A=Adult, ND=No Data (not surveyed), NA=Not Applicable (i.e. boulder cluster not constructed yet); BC=Boulder cluster

Reaches Reach Reaches Reach Reach 2 & 3: 5.1: Reach 6: 1 & 1.1: 4: Golf 5: KVR Hwy Shingle pipeline to Dam to br. to to bridge to skaha Hwy KVR Shingle PENTICTON to Golf pipeline stairs bridge abutm. Cr. CHANNEL br. sign Water count Date Discharge J A J A J A J A J A J A TOTAL temperature quality 12- 22 26 H 4 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 Aug-13 26- 12 22 M 7 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 Aug-13 9-Sep- 12 21 H 8 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 13

16-Jul- 20 21 M 5 0 6 0 6 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 23 14 6-Aug- 18 22 H 3 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 5 0 14 14 20- 21 21 H 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 2 0 13 Aug-14 17- 10 14 H 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 ND ND ND ND 7 Sep-14 1-Oct- 14 16 H 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 ND ND ND ND 6 14

24- 27 21 M 51 39 10 5 3 1 7 2 10 0 0 1 129 Jun-15 13-Jul- 12 23 M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ND ND 0 15 12- 11 23 M-H 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ND ND 2 Aug-15 28- 9 16 M-H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ND ND 1 Sep-15

14-Jul - 37 21 M-L 60 8 32 3 25 2 2 1 13 0 ND ND 146 16

9-Aug- 57 23 M 49 11 29 7 33 3 9 0 21 1 ND ND 163 17

31-Jul- 19 28 M-H 339 1 31 0 13 0 21 0 138 0 ND ND 543

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 81 ONA Fisheries Department 18 14- 9 23 H 79 Aug-18 3 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 71 0 ND ND

BOULDER CLUSTERS

Water count BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC Date Discharge TOTAL temperature quality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 17-Sep- 10 14 H 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 14 1-Oct- 14 16 H 0 0 1 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 1 14

24-Jun - 27 21 M 1 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 3 15 13-Jul- 12 23.3 M 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 15 12-Aug- 11 23.2 M-H 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 15 28-Sep- 9 15.6 M-H 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 15

14-Jul- 37 21 M-L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16

9-Aug - 57 23 M 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 17

31-Jul - 19 28 M-H 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 18 14-Aug- 9 23 H 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 18

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 82 ONA Fisheries Department Location Boulder Clusters #1-#5

Bed 1

Central River Cluster West River Side Upper East River Side Cluster West River Cluster Side Middle Cluster

West River Side Lower Cluster

#1: West River Side Upper Cluster #2: Central River Cluster Space between Boulders = 0.5 m - 1 m

#3: West River Side Middle Boulder Size (A-axis)  1 Ea

Cluster m River st

Bank Space between #5: East River Side Clusters  5 m Bank Cluster

West River

#4: West River Side Lower Cluster Flow

Minimal Distance Cluster-Bank = 3 m

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 83 ONA Fisheries Department Location Boulder Clusters #6-#10

#8 #6 #7 #9

#10

Cluster #6 Cluster #7

Cluster #8 )

Cluster #9 Cluster #10

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 84 ONA Fisheries Department

Figure 11: Boulder clusters placed in 2018 upstream and downstream of 1986 Kokanee Bed

Figure 12: Boulder clusters downstream of 1986 Kokanee bed

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 85 ONA Fisheries Department Location of boulders clusters #11-16

Between Bed No. 3 and 1986 Kokanee Bed #11: Cluster

#12: Cluster

#15: Cluster #13: Cluster

Ea

st Ri st

Bank #16: Cluster

ver ver

Bank

West River #14: Cluster

Flow

Location of boulder clusters #17-25 Between 1986 Kokanee Bed and Bed No. 4 #18: Cluster #17: Cluster

#19: Cluster #25: Cluster #20: Cluster

#21: Cluster #24: Cluster

Ea

st River River st

Bank

ver

#23: Cluster Bank

West Ri #22: Cluster

Flow

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 86 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix B6: Kokanee & Sockeye enumerations in Penticton Channel from 2004-2018

Nerkid live + dead count at Peak

akłxʷminaʔ Brood year PLD Date Reach 1.1 Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Reach 4 Reach 5 Reach 5.1 akłxʷminaʔ Reference PLD Date 2004 29-Oct-04 1394 16638 8682 1981 8528 2977 1-Oct-04 1753 Wiens & Long 2006 2005 24-Oct-05 4200 10200 15600 3900 8500 28060 6-Oct-05 1633 Walsh & Wiens 2006 2006 23-Oct-06 509 10109 6135 953 7680 3200 11-Oct-06 1766 Wodchyc et al. 2007 2007 7-Nov-07 670 46720 7920 8390 ND 26-Oct-07 39 Mathieu & Kozlova 2008 2008 31-Oct-08 2990 9270 7670 4436 6500 ND 9-Oct-08 207 Mathieu & Squakin 2010 2009 26-Oct-09 2107 9140 4380 1190 2570 3 14-Oct-09 189 Louie & Benson 2011 2010 5-Nov-10 1006 3250 1760 1220 2900 800 9-Oct-10 103 Bussanich et al. 2012 2011 21-Oct-11 2461 6549 7487 4006 2153 2880 ND ND Benson et al. 2013 2012 5-Nov-12 1 7013 12576 3189 1938 502 ND ND Benson et al. 2014 2013 24-Oct-13 112 7572 7615 2925 3011 2539 ND ND Benson et al. 2016 2014* 21-Oct-15 1780 2075 7292 7494 5742 1724 2729 ND ND Benson & Bussanich 2015 2015* 20-Oct-15 1596 2921 9752 10969 4910 3200 3410 Oct-23-15 726 Benson & Bussanich 2016 2016* 18-Oct-16 2406 5310 11340 12867 6548 1232 1788 18-Oct-16 11 ONA unpublished data 2017* 2-Nov-17 81 163 4594 13349 6033 4474 6070 28-Oct-17 11 ONA unpublished data 2018 22-Oct-18 3037 3911 8438 10581 10764 6563 2585 25-Oct-18 819 ONA unpublished data * In 2014 fish passage provisions were provided at Skaha Lake Outlet Dam and Sockeye accessed the Penticton Channel throughout the migration period. A portion of the Sockeye run also accessed the Penticton Channel in 2013, due to dam gate opening (high flows) early in the migration period. Note: PLD=Peak Live + Dead; This table needs revision.

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 87 ONA Fisheries Department Appendix B7: Wolman pebble count

Bed No.1 Wolman pebble count frequency

Bed No.2 Wolman pebble count frequency

Bed No.3 Wolman pebble count frequency

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 88 ONA Fisheries Department

1986 Kokanee Bed Wolman pebble count frequency

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 89 ONA Fisheries Department

Bed. No.4 Wolman pebble count frequency

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 90 ONA Fisheries Department

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 91 ONA Fisheries Department

Summary of 2013-2018 Wolman pebble count UN-CHANGED CROSS SECTIONS (Okanagan Lake Dam-Hwy Bridge) Location Upstream Upstream Upstream Location WSC WSC WSC Location Stairs Stairs Stairs

XS 6+222 6+222 6+222 XS 5+952 5+952 5+952 XS 5+911 5+911 5+911

Conditio Condition Pre Post Post Condition Pre Post Post Pre Post Post n 29-Jul- 17-Sep- 22-Sep- 17-Sep- 22-Sep- Date 29-Jul-14 17-Sep-14 22-Sep-16 Date Date 29-Jul-14 14 14 16 14 16 Ave Ave (mm) 248 161 no data Ave (mm) 120 115 no data 121 115 no data (mm) Min Min (mm) 64 40 Min (mm) 19 14 14 13 (mm) Max Max Max 570 510 370 380 370 300 (mm) (mm) (mm) SD (mm) 134 100 SD (mm) 83 95 SD (mm) 100 78

D16 (mm) 83 81 D16 (mm) 40 35 D16 (mm) 41 48

D50 (mm) 250 131 D50 (mm) 86 80 D50 (mm) 79 96

D84 (mm) 360 250 D84 (mm) 210 220 D84 (mm) 240 200

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 92 ONA Fisheries Department

SPAWNING BED No.1 Bed No.1 Bed No.1 Bed Bed Bed Bed Location No.1 Location No.1 No.1 Location Bed No.1 (CH) (CH) No.1 No.1 No.1 No.1 XS 6+200 6+200 6+200 XS 6+125 6+125 6+125 6+125 XS 6+065 6+065 6+065

Condition Pre Post Post Condition Pre Post Post Post Condition Pre Post Post

17-Sep- 22- 29-Jul- 17- 22- 14-Aug- 29-Jul- 17- Date 29-Jul-14 Date Date 22-Sep-16 14 Sep-16 14 Sep-14 Sep-16 18 14 Sep-14 Ave (mm) 185 64 67 Ave (mm) 110 45 51 65 Ave (mm) 126 49 no data

Min (mm) 34 39 38 Min (mm) 29 22 18 24 Min (mm) 13 24

Max (mm) 420 106 170 Max (mm) 300 104 81 117 Max (mm) 470 82

SD (mm) 106 15 21 SD (mm) 53 16 16 22 SD (mm) 90 16

D16 (mm) 69 50 49 D16 (mm) 63 30 33 44 D16 (mm) 49 29

D50 (mm) 160 62 60 D50 (mm) 98 42 47 61 D50 (mm) 99 48

D84 (mm) 290 75 81 D84 (mm) 140 58 70 82 D84 (mm) 200 65

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 93 ONA Fisheries Department

SPAWNING BED No.2 DOWNSTREAM BED No.2 Bed Bed Bed Bed Location No.2 No.2 Location No.2 Bed Bridge Bridge Bridge No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2 XS 5+756 5+756 5+756 5+756 XS 5+682 5+682 5+682 XS 5+603 5+603 5+604

Condition Pre Post Post Post Condition Pre Post Post Condition Pre Post Post

29-Jul- 17-Sep- 22-Sep- 14-Aug- 29-Jul- 17-Sep- 22-Sep- 29-Jul- 17- 22-Sep- Date Date Date 14 14 16 18 14 14 16 14 Sep-14 16 Ave Ave Ave 103 50 53 57 96 45 49 141 162 no data (mm) (mm) (mm) Min Min Min 22 23 23 25 14 21 22 14 13 (mm) (mm) (mm) Max Max Max 320 94 160 90 540 80 125 500 350 (mm) (mm) (mm) SD (mm) 78 15 22 20 SD (mm) 101 16 20 SD (mm) 108 103

D16 (mm) 45 34 34 31 D16 (mm) 33 28 26 D16 (mm) 55 61

D50 (mm) 74 47 51 61 D50 (mm) 61 42 46 D50 (mm) 100 145

D84 (mm) 165 65 68 79 D84 (mm) 134 58 64 D84 (mm) 250 280

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 94 ONA Fisheries Department

SPAWNING BED No.3 Bed Location Boulders Boulders Location No.3A No.3A Location No.3A No.3A No.3A XS 5+460* 5+460 XS 5+415 5+415 XS 5+370* 5+370 5+370 Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Post Post Date 27-Aug-15 22-Sep-16 Date 27-Aug-15 21-Sep-16 Date 27-Aug-15 21-Sep-16 14-Aug-18

Ave (mm) 119 no data Ave (mm) no data 42 Ave (mm) 83 57 60

Min (mm) 2 Min (mm) 16 Min (mm) 2 20 22

Max (mm) 380 Max (mm) 73 Max (mm) 224 210 230

SD (mm) 91 SD (mm) 15 SD (mm) 51 38 43

D16 (mm) 51 D16 (mm) 23 D16 (mm) 33 30 34

D50 (mm) 90 D50 (mm) 41 D50 (mm) 70.5 49 54

D84 (mm) 224 D84 (mm) 56 D84 (mm) 134 69 73

Bed Location Bed No.3B No.3B No.3B Location No.3C No.3C No.3C XS 5+290* 5+290 5+290 XS 5+191* 5+191 5+191 Condition Pre Post Post Condition Pre Post Post 14- 27-Aug- 22-Sep- 14-Aug- Date 27-Aug-15 21-Sep-16 Aug- Date 15 16 18 18 Ave (mm) 88 37 55 Ave (mm) 65 47 54 Min (mm) 0.05 15 22 Min (mm) 0.05 17 18 Max (mm) 285 83 210 Max (mm) 280 76 250 SD (mm) 72 14 47 SD (mm) 57 16 43

D16 (mm) 28 23 31 D16 (mm) 11 28 23

D50 (mm) 63.5 35 41 D50 (mm) 57.5 47 43

D84 (mm) 159 47 53 D84 (mm) 116 66 70

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 95 ONA Fisheries Department

1986 KOKANEE BED 1986 Location KO Bed Location KO Bed Location KO 1986 KO 1986 KO XS 5+030* 5+030 XS 4+962* XS XS 5+030 XS 5+030

Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Condition Pre Post

27-Aug- 22-Sep- Date Date 27-Aug-15 Date 13-Aug-18 27-Nov-18 15 16 Ave Ave Ave 39 28 35 25 28 (mm) (mm) (mm) Min Min Min 8 7 0.05 9 13 (mm) (mm) (mm) Max Max Max 597 220 209 62 50 (mm) (mm) (mm) SD (mm) 84 32 SD (mm) 40 SD (mm) 15 10

D16 D16 (mm) 13 12 D16 (mm) 12 11 17 (mm) D50 D50 (mm) 18 20 D50 (mm) 26 21 25 (mm) D84 D84 (mm) 38 41 D84 (mm) 40 44 42 (mm)

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 96 ONA Fisheries Department

SPAWNING BED NO.4 Bed No. Bed No. Bed No. Bed No. No. 4A No. 4B No. 4C No. 4D Location 4A Location 4B Location 4C Location 4D XS 4+656 4+506 4+506 4+538 4+538 4+206 4+206 XS 4+656 XS XS XS Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Post Condition Pre Post 19- 13-Aug- 28-Aug- 13-Aug- 13-Aug- 19-Aug- 13-Aug-18 19-Aug-18 Aug- 18 18 18 18 18 Date Date Date 18 Date Ave (mm) 97 49 Ave (mm) 100 28 Ave (mm) 100 72 Ave (mm) 93 28 Min (mm) 22 17 Min (mm) 18 12 Min (mm) 14 13 Min (mm) 21 11 Max Max (mm) 330 120 Max (mm) 345 105 Max (mm) 295 159 (mm) 235 130 SD (mm) 84 27 SD (mm) 82 18 SD (mm) 80 38 SD (mm) 64 23 D16 (mm) 38 27 D16 (mm) 36 16 D16 (mm) 36 45 D16 (mm) 42 17 D50 (mm) 71 45 D50 (mm) 78 24 D50 (mm) 74 66 D50 (mm) 68 23 D84 (mm) 134 73 D84 (mm) 230 31 D84 (mm) 84 114 D84 (mm) 205 40

Penticton Channel Aquatic Monitoring 2018 97 ONA Fisheries Department