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Senegal River Basin THE VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES: SECURING OUR RIGHTS SENEGAL RIVER BASIN Success stories Required citation: FAO. 2020. The Voluntary Guidelines: securing our rights - Senegal River Basin. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Senegal Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be Women arrive at a gathering purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/ licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. under the roof of the cistern system in the village of Ndiama Peulh SENEGAL RIVER BASIN CASE STUDY CONTENTS PAGE 2 In Senegal, Mali and Mauritania, In four countries of the Senegal 1. INTRODUCTION the VGGT have improved tenure River Basin, reform processes rights, providing a tool to are now more inclusive as a establish standards of direct result of multi-stakeholder PAGE 4 governance and improve platforms. 2. CHALLENGES IN THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN tenure security. PAGE 6 3. THE ROLE OF THE VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES IN THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN PAGE 10 In Senegal, investment projects, 4. CHANGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS THROUGH THE VOLUNTARY In Mali, the new Agricultural Land assessments as well as local Law includes elements in line with GUIDELINES IN THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN land charters based on VGGT VGGT principles, with ten local land principles have resulted in a commissions now operational in the dialogue between private sector, PAGE 24 Kayes region according to new law local authorities and producer 5. LESSONS LEARNED AND NEXT STEPS stipulations, thanks to a local multi- organizations. stakeholder platform. Training of Senegalese paralegal experts – which has facilitated land titling to support women and youth A multi-stakeholder policy and is part of the local platform dialogue has been established action plan in Podor – was in Mali and is the heart of a implemented in January 2018. new land reform process. ©FAO/Eduardo Soteras ©FAO/Eduardo At the regional level, the Senegal A land reform process has been River Development Organization launched in Mauritania resulting in a (L’Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du multi-stakeholder policy dialogue. Fleuve Sénégal – OMVS) has initiated the preparation of a Basin land policy document, with the support of the regional platform. 1 1. INTRODUCTION TheVoluntary Guidelines on the (SRB), funded by Germany between 110 million hectares of the Responsible Governance of Tenure November 2015 and May 2019, was Two-thirds of Sierra of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the the backbone of these interventions Senegal River Basin are Leone’s population is Context of National Food Security and the catalyst of the programme pastureland, followed by (VGGT) were endorsed by the approach set up by FAO, IPAR and involved in subsistence Committee on World Food Security their partners in the region. about 1.2 million hectares (CFS) in May 2012. of arable land. The Senegal agriculture. Farmers, most These Voluntary Guidelines have The initiative for this project River Basin’s pastures been described as a catalyst leading “started with the aftermath of compriseof whom one are of women, the world’s to improvements in conditions under the food, financial and energy largestoperate continuous in an informal area of and which land is held or occupied in crisis of 2008 when there was a agriculture sectors. The VGGT address rush for land in Africa. In this commonprecarious grazing system land. without problems of weak governance of context, the Committee on World Only 7 percent of the tenure and the growing pressure on Food Security (Commissariat à any legal titles to their natural resources, assisting countries la Sécurité Alimentaire - CFS) cropland in the Senegal to achieve food security for all. lands. In the aftermath launched the preparation of the River Basin is irrigated, and FAO has been working in more than VGGT, involving civil society, 8 percentof the country’s is forested. 11-year The 58 countries providing technical governments and actors in the assistance, training and capacity averagecivil war, rate the of governmentdeforestation development, as well as support to private sector. in the 2000–2005 time period the assessment, formulation and DR CHEIKH OUMAR” BA wasof 0.5Sierra percent. Leone began implementation of relevant national Executive Director of IPAR policies and laws. the long overdue process Between 2014 and 2017, the VGGT to modernise its land were introduced in Guinea, Mali, INTERESTING FACTS Mauritania and Senegal, through tenureAgriculture, system, livestock, putting water, national workshops and learning grassland, forest and health are programmes, funded by France, policiesthe most vulnerable in place sectors. so that Germany, Italy, International Fund for eachBetween parcel 1990 andof land2006, the Agricultural Development (IFAD) and area of barren land increased the Flexible Multi-Partner Mechanism (FMM), including funds from Rome, 2012 wouldthree times, be productivewhile woodland and ISBN 978-92-5-107277-6 decreased by 25 percent. Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden and 40 pp., 177 × 250 mm economically valuable. Switzerland. The project “An improved Paperback Surface water resources are governance of tenure for a shared Available in: decreasing at an accelerating rate. Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Chinese, French, Hindi, prosperity in the Senegal River Basin” Indonesian, Karbi, Laothian, Miskito, Nepali, Russian, Spanish 2 Nouakchott Mauritania BOGHÉ PODOR Mauritania Senegal River Basin Dakar Senegal KAYES Mali Banjul The Gambia Bamako Guinea- Bissau Bissau Guinea MAMOU Burkina Conakry Faso Cote SENEGAL RIVER The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not Freetown imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the Sierra BASIIN legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Leone The Division has verified that all maps contained in the work are in conformity with UN maps, and that the division accepts all responsibility in the event of reputational National capital damage to FAO or FAO member countries as a result of inappropriate boundaries. Multi-stakeholder platform International boundary Provincial boundary Monrovia Source: United Nations World Map 4170 R18.1 Feb20 289 000 KM2 3 500 000 85% 100 000 HA 20 000 HA 60 000 HA The boundaries and names shown and the IN SENEGAL RIVER APPROXIMATE OF POPULATION OF LAND ARE CURRENTLY IN THE DRY SEASON ARE CULTIVATED IN designations used on this map do not imply official BASIN AREA POPULATION LIVE IN BEING DEVELOPED IN (MARCH TO JUNE) THE RAINY SEASON Liberiaendorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. PROXIMITY THE BASIN (JUNE TO SEPTEMBER) TO THE RIVER 3 Abijian 2. CHALLENGES IN THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN The Senegal River Basin is shared land resources, sustainability of between four countries: Guinea, Mali, production systems is increasingly Mauritania and Senegal, and is fed by threatened. In addition, access The Senegal River Basin the Senegal River, at 1 800 km long to land has proven difficult for the second longest river in Western the most vulnerable segments, “will constitute an important Africa.
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