Lithobius: a big genus of a small subphylum (), phylogeny and evolutionary history

- Project report – Anne-Sarah Ganske

[email protected] Natural History Museum Vienna, 3rd Zoological Department, Austria Myriapoda – the leggiest

o Symphyla o Pauropoda

o Diplopoda Chilopoda

Scutigeromorpha Lithobiomorpha Craterostigmomorpha Scolopendromorpha Geophilomorpha

Edgecombe)&)Giribet) 2002

430 genera with more than 3200 valid species 130 genera/subgenera with 1100 valid species

chilobase.biologia.unipd.it Zapparoli)&)Edgecombe)2011 all)photographs:)wikipedia.org Genus Leach, 1814

Scutigerina6weberi

Scutigera6coleoptrata o > 500 species/subspecies

Pseudolithobius6megaloporus o species inter-relationships not clear Bothropolys6multidentatus

Eupolybothrus6fasciatus o non-monophyletic 80 Lithobius6(Lithobius)forficatus

Australobius6scabrior

93 Lithobius6(Ezembius))giganteus

Hessebius6plumatus Lithobius6forficatus6Linnaeus,)1758 Harpolithobius6anodus LITHOBIIDAE

Pleurolithobius6patriarchalis

Lithobius6(Sigibius) microps

Lithobius6(Monotarsobius) ho l sti i HENICOPIDAE 100 Anopsobius6neozelanicus

Dichelobius6bicuspis

83 Dzhungaria6gigantea

Zygethobius6pontis 84 Lamyctes6emarginatus

Henicops6washpoolensis

Paralamyctes6validus ©))Alex)Hyde

Koch)&)Edgecombe)2008 Systematics of genus Lithobius?

Morphological analysis Molecular analysis

Scutigerina6weberi

Scutigera6coleoptrata

Pseudolithobius6megaloporus

Bothropolys6multidentatus

Eupolybothrus6fasciatus

80 Lithobius6(Lithobius)forficatus

Line)drawings)of)Lithobius6forficatus6 Linnaeus,) 1758)(Rilling) 1960) Australobius6scabrior

93 Lithobius6(Ezembius))giganteus

Hessebius6plumatus

Harpolithobius6anodus LITHOBIIDAE

Pleurolithobius6patriarchalis

Lithobius6(Sigibius) microps

Lithobius6(Monotarsobius) ho l sti i HENICOPIDAE 100 Anopsobius6neozelanicus

Dichelobius6bicuspis

83 Dzhungaria6gigantea

Zygethobius6pontis 84 Lamyctes6emarginatus

Henicops6washpoolensis

Paralamyctes6validus

Line)drawings)of)Pseudolithoibus6megaloporus6 (Stuxberg,)1875))(Applegarth) 1952) Koch)&)Edgecombe)2008 Imaging methods

Multifocus)light[micrograph SEM[photograph Volume)rendering,)L. forficatus L. forficatus,6head,) ventral)view bristles) on)epipharynx voxel)size)15.3)µm Peristomatic structures - overview

35)species)of)lithobiid)genera: Lithobius6Leach,)1814) epipharynx) Neolithobius6Stuxberg,)1875) Disphaerobius6Attems,)1926) Eupolybothrus6 Verhoeff,)1907)

anterior Head)of)Lithobius6forficatus6(ventral)view) hypopharynx Volume)rendering,)voxel)size)5.0)µm Koch)&)Edgecombe)2008)(modified) Epipharynx - overview

ventral

labral)part

transverse)bulge

bottle[shaped)epidermal) gland)openings

clypeal)part 100)µm SEM,)L. pyrenaicus

Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Transverse bulge

10)µm

L. (Lithobius))macilentus

20)µm L.)(Lithobius) lucifugus Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Bottle-shaped epidermal gland openings

20)µm L.)(Lithobius) mutabilis

5)µm L.)(Lithobius) validus

Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Peristomatic structures - overview

35)species)of)lithobiid)genera: Lithobius6Leach,)1814) epipharynx) Neolithobius6Stuxberg,)1875) Disphaerobius6Attems,)1926) Eupolybothrus6 Verhoeff,)1907)

anterior Head)of)Lithobius6forficatus6(ventral)view) hypopharynx Volume)rendering,)voxel)size)5.0)µm Koch)&)Edgecombe)2008)(modified) Hypopharynx - overview

mouth)opening ventral

spines)of)the)median)crest)margin

lips)forming)median)crest

100)µm

SEM,)L. forficatus Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Spines)of)the)median)crest)margin

50)µm L.)(Lithobius) pelidnus

5)µm 10)µm L.)(Lithobius) muticus L.)(Sigibius) microps Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Peristomatic structures – further characters…

Ganske)et)al.)(submitted) Peristomatic structures – conference contributions

8)peristomatic)characters)with)systematic/phylogenetic)potential

high)variability)of)microstructures

Talk at 17th InternationalCongress ofMyriapodology Krabi, Thailand

Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N Exploring the peristomatic structures as a source of potential phylogenetic characters for the highly diverse genus Lithobius (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)

Talk at 4th InternationalCongress on InvertebrateMorphology Moscow, Russia

Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N Using traditional and innovative imaging techniques to investigate internal cephalic structures in the highly diverse genus Lithobius (Chilopoda, Myriapoda) for phylogeny

Ganske A(S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N (submitted) The peristomatic structures as a source of systematic characters in the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) ZooKeys Internal cephalic structures

HeadKofKLithobius)forficatus)(ventralKview) VolumeKrendering,KvoxelKsizeK5.0Kµm

Tentorium Mandible anterior Epipharynx Hypopharynx FirstKmaxillae Mandible - overview anterior

aciculae

gnathal)edge 180°

Tentorium Mandible Epipharynx Hypopharynx

teeth 100)µm

pulvillus SEM,)L. erythrocephalus Spines on)internal)side

absent

50)µm L.)(Lithobius) piceus

100)µm

L.)(Lithobius) fagei

50)µm L.)(Lithobius) electus

20)µm 10)µm Mandibular gnathal edge– further characters… Mandible – conference contribution

Poster at 17th InternationalCongress ofMyriapodology Krabi, Thailand

Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N Investigation of the mandibular structures and evaluation of their phylogenetic significance in the genus Lithobius (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) Research activities 2017

Publications Submitted Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GE, Akkari N: The peristomatic structures as a source of systematic characters in the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 (Myriapoda, Chilopoda), ZooKeys

Close to submission Akkari N, Ganske A[S, Komerički A, Metscher B: New avatars for Myriapods: 3D reconstructions of the holotype and the paratype as cybertypes for the species liburnicus Akkari, Komerički, Weigand, Edgecombe, Stoev 2017 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae), PlosONE

In progress Exploring the mandibular structures and evaluation of their phylogenetic significance in the genus Lithobius (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)

Volume)rendering)with)highlighted)eggs Eupolybothrus6liburnicus6Akkari,)Komerički,)Weigand,)Edgecombe,)Stoev)2017 voxel) size)21)µm Research activities 2017

Conferences OralKpresentations Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N: Using traditional and innovative imaging techniques to investigate internal cephalic structures in the highly diverse genus Lithobius (Chilopoda, Myriapoda) for phylogeny (ICIM4, Moscow; August) Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N: Exploring the peristomatic structures as a source of potential phylogenetic characters for the highly diverse genus Lithobius (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) (17thICM, Krabi; July) Poster presentation Ganske A[S, Edgecombe GD, Akkari N: Investigation of the mandibular structures and evaluation of their phylogenetic significance in the genus Lithobius (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) (17thICM, Krabi; July) Research activities 2017

Workshops & Courses BIG4[Workshop: Morphology of Invertebrates – 3D Imaging and Novel Approaches for Biosystematics, NHM[Wien, Austria (May) Molecular Phylogenetics Course, Cambridge University, UK (April) EU ABS Regulation Training Workshop, Budapest, Hungary (February)

MuseumsKvisits

The)Natural)History)Museum,)London,) UK)(April)

Hungarian)Natural)History)Museum,)Budapest)(February)

FieldKtrips

Collecting)trip,)La)Palma,)Spain)(October)

Collecting)trip)(Myriapoda),)Carinthia,)Austria)(June) Upcoming research activities

Conferences & Events Oral presentation Ganske A[S, Akkari N: On the significance of morphological characters of head structures for the systematics of the genus Lithobius (Myriapoda) (NOBIS Young Researchers’ Day, Vienna, Austria) (November 2017) Poster presentation Ganske A[S: Klein, kleiner, mikro – filigrane Strukturen in den Köpfen der Steinläufer (Carl von Schreibers Forschungspreis, Vienna, Austria) (December 2017)

Secondment Research stay at the University of Turku, Molecular analysis of genus Lithobius (spring 2018)

Others Departmental Seminar Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Austria Soon enrolled as PhD[student at University of Vienna, Integrative Zoology, Prof. Dr. Andreas Wanninger This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 642241.