BOLIVIA: PROCESSES OF CHANGE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

John Crabtree,Ann Chaplin | 208 pages | 18 Jun 2013 | ZED BOOKS LTD | 9781780323763 | English | London, United Kingdom ICCO in Bolivia

Therefore, you should complete the steps below simultaneously:. Skip to main content. Jess Swanson, CC' Language of Instruction: Spanish. Location: Multiple locations,. Term: Spring, Fall. Spend time in a field-study program in Bolivia while enhancing your Spanish skills. Visit the Program Website. Program Notifications Sign-Up Notify me when the application for this program is available. Overview The SIT Bolivia: Multiculturalism, Globalization, and Social Change program is designed for you to explore how cultural processes, identities, and resources determine who controls and benefits from development in Bolivia. Academics You will enroll in coursework that focuses on the following topics: Historical and Contemporary Change in Bolivia Resiliency in Bolivian communities Spanish and Quechua Research Methods and Ethics Independent Study Project ISP The ISP gives students the unique opportunity to apply the learning they did in the previous semester to an independent field based research project supervised by a local adviser. Program Features SIT encourages learning through experiences. Eligibility Review eligibility to ensure that you meet all Columbia requirements to study abroad. Exact numbers vary based on the wording of the ethnicity question and the available response choices. For example, the census did not provide the racial category "mestizo" as a response choice, resulting in a much higher proportion of respondents identifying themselves as belonging to one of the available indigenous ethnicity choices. Most people assume their mestizo identity while at the same time identifying themselves with one or more indigenous cultures. In the Santa Cruz Department , there are several dozen colonies of German-speaking Mennonites from Russia totaling around 40, inhabitants as of [update]. Afro- Bolivians , descendants of African slaves who arrived in the time of the Spanish Empire , inhabit the department of La Paz , and are located mainly in the provinces of Nor Yungas and Sud Yungas. Slavery was abolished in Bolivia in There are around , mennonites in Bolivia of Friesian, Flemish and German ethnic origins. The Indigenous peoples of Bolivia can be divided into two categories of ethnic groups: the Andeans, who are located in the Andean Altiplano and the valley region; and the lowland groups, who inhabit the warm regions of central and eastern Bolivia, including the valleys of Cochabamba Department, the Amazon Basin areas of northern La Paz Department, and the lowland departments of Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and Tarija including the Gran Chaco region in the southeast of the country. Large numbers of Andean peoples have also migrated to form Quechua, Aymara, and intercultural communities in the lowlands. Bolivia has great linguistic diversity as a result of its multiculturalism. Spanish is the most spoken official language in the country, according to the census; as it is spoken by two-thirds of the population. All legal and official documents issued by the State, including the Constitution, the main private and public institutions, the media, and commercial activities, are in Spanish. The main indigenous languages are: Quechua Plautdietsch , a German dialect , is spoken by about 70, Mennonites in Santa Cruz. Portuguese is spoken mainly in the areas close to Brazil. Bilingual education was implemented in Bolivia under the leadership of President Evo Morales. His program placed emphasis on the expansion of indigenous languages in the educational systems of the country. Religion in Bolivia []. Bolivia is a constitutionally secular state that guarantees the freedom of religion and the independence of government from religion. Much of the indigenous population adheres to different traditional beliefs marked by inculturation or syncretisim with Christianity. The cult of Pachamama , [] or "Mother Earth", is notable. There also are important Aymaran communities near Lake Titicaca that have a strong devotion to James the Apostle. Nevertheless, the rate of urbanization is growing steadily, at around 2. According to the census, there are total of 3,, households in Bolivia — an increase of , from Bolivian culture has been heavily influenced by the Aymara, the Quechua, as well as the popular cultures of Latin America as a whole. The cultural development is divided into three distinct periods: precolumbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics , and weavings remain from several important pre- Columbian cultures. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and have seen little archaeological exploration. The Spanish brought their own tradition of religious art which, in the hands of local native and mestizo builders and artisans , developed into a rich and distinctive style of architecture, painting, and sculpture known as "Mestizo Baroque". An important body of Native Baroque religious music of the colonial period was recovered and has been performed internationally to wide acclaim since Bolivia has a rich folklore. Its regional folk music is distinctive and varied. The "devil dances" at the annual carnival of Oruro are one of the great folkloric events of South America, as is the lesser known carnival at Tarabuco. Bolivia has public and private universities. Based on The World Factbook estimates, Bolivia is ranked st in life expectancy with a number of Between and , extreme poverty in Bolivia fell from Football is popular. The national team is the Bolivia national football team. Racquetball is the second most popular sport in Bolivia as for the results in the Odesur Games held in Cochabamba. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Landlocked country in South America. This article is about the South American country. For other uses, see Bolivia disambiguation. Spanish Guarani and 33 others. See below. Main article: History of Bolivia. Main article: History of Bolivia — Main article: History of Bolivia —present. The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. See also: Bolivian general election and Bolivian political crisis. Main article: Geography of Bolivia. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main articles: Politics of Bolivia and Foreign relations of Bolivia. Main article: Crime in Bolivia. Main article: Foreign relations of Bolivia. Main article: Economy of Bolivia. Main article: Tourism in Bolivia. See also: List of airlines of Bolivia and List of airports in Bolivia. See also: Rail transport in Bolivia. Main article: Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia. Main article: Demographics of Bolivia. Languages in Bolivia Languages percent Spanish. Main article: Languages of Bolivia. Main article: Religion in Bolivia. Main article: Culture of Bolivia. See also: Music of Bolivia and Public holidays in Bolivia. Main article: Education in Bolivia. Main article: Health in Bolivia. See also: Refresh Bolivia. Bolivia portal South America portal. Central Bank of Bolivia. Archived from the original on 28 April Retrieved 28 January Archived from the original on 25 February Retrieved 24 February The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 February Retrieved 25 March Survey period: 15 June to 2 August , 1, respondents. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 August World Bank. Archived from the original on 11 August Retrieved 22 March United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 30 August Archived from the original on 2 July World Economic Outlook. Archived from the original on 10 October Retrieved 25 September Salem Press. Archived from the original on 25 August Archived from the original on 20 August Retrieved 14 July Archived from the original on 19 July Journal of Field Archaeology. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. The Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization. Archived from the original on 14 November MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 28 October Archived from the original on 29 June Indiana University Press. Archived from the original on 15 October Retrieved 14 October History Department, Duke University. Archived from the original on 31 January Archivo Regional de Tacna. Bolivia: A Land Divided. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. National Grid for Learning. Archived from the original on 21 August Retrieved 12 May The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April Retrieved 26 April Inter Press Service. BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 January Retrieved 2 January United States Department of State. XXXI: The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 26 January Retrieved 7 April Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 4 March Archived from the original on 20 October Retrieved 31 January Archived from the original on 11 October Archived from the original on 28 February International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Archived from the original PDF on 8 February Roberts eds. Beyond neoliberalism in Latin America? Palgrave Macmillan. Ethnopolitics 4 3 — September Archived from the original PDF on 24 July New York Times. Retrieved 4 October Archived from the original on 27 March Retrieved 9 March The Guardian. Council of Europe, Venice Commission. Retrieved 3 September Bolivia scraps term limits as critics blast 'coup' to keep Morales in power". Center for Economic and Policy Research : Elecciones Generales en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Project Syndicate. Retrieved 15 June Accusations of Fraud. And Now Second Thoughts". Retrieved 5 August Center for Economic and Policy Research. Jacobin Magazine. Retrieved 14 April Retrieved 10 November Retrieved 11 November John Bowden 11 November The Hill. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 December But the Cold War-era language of coups and revolutions demands that such cases fit into clear narratives. Experts on Bolivia and on coups joined forces on Monday to challenge the black-and-white characterizations, urging pundits and social media personalities to see the shades of gray. So…was it a coup? Experts are as divided as everyone else on the question. Foreign Policy. The army did not take charge of Bolivia. Morales, despite his protestations that police had an arrest warrant for him, is not in custody or even being sought. Atlantic Council. Countries are debating why Evo Morales left power. Did he leave power of his own volition or was it a coup? There are two different responses to that question based on which country is speaking. Bolivia's Evo Morales flees presidential crisis". Archived from the original on 4 December The discussion over whether it was a coup falls largely along ideological lines. Left wing supporters of Morales point like to point to a long history of military coups in Latin America, while critics of the former president point to the 14 years he spent in power, in violation of constitutional term limits. But political experts say the events hardly resemble a classic coup scenario. In a typical coup, the military usually take a more proactive role, taking up arms against the sitting ruler and installing one of their own in the presidential palace, at least temporarily. Archived from the original on 19 January Opinion in Spanish. There are important successes - oil and gas wealth has been used to reduce poverty via new social security benefits for children and elderly people, for example. A new 'plurinational' Constitution has removed many social, cultural and gender barriers and enabled a new, more participatory form of democracy. But new conflicts have also emerged - for example, between peasants and indigenous Amazonians with opposing views about the benefits of a controversial road-building programme. An unknown error has occurred. Please click the button below to reload the page. Bolivia: Processes of Change - WOLA

This process, based on criteria of equity and parity has been gradually evolving. The Quotas Act of applied to the Legislature, although only to seats elected by proportional representation, equivalent to 48 per cent of total seats 62 seats out of In , a new quota was introduced requiring one woman for every three nominations, but proved not to be a definitive solution. One weakness was the absence of sanctions for failure to comply with the law, despite the fact that the National Electoral Court and the Departmental Courts were charged with the responsibility of ensuring compliance. After a lengthy process, the promulgation of decisive affirmative action in support of the political participation of women was finally achieved, applying the principles of equity and parity to the Political Constitution of the State and the electoral laws in force. While Bolivia has registered significant advances in the participation of women in quantitative terms, these advances have brought new challenges. First, there is an evident need to carry out constant, sustained actions to verify the fair participation of women and men in election processes, as well as to establish clear sanctions for non-compliance. In addition, problems related to discrimination, manipulation and political violence against a growing number of women in public life have become recurrent, making it necessary to adopt sustained policies and concrete actions to enhance the political participation of women, including through freedom from violence. They told me what they wanted. I was threatened. The police union threatened me with sticks, until I signed my resignation… Yet the Mayor asked the other leaders who were there… that they would not say that I had been forced. These actions commenced at the start of and have been guided by the following objective: To promote actions and operational instruments to defend against harassment and political violence against women, maintaining their political, civic and civil rights. The Bolivian Association of Councilwomen is a national association founded in the city of La Paz in It is made up of Bolivian women mayors and councilors and is organized into nine Departmental Associations of Councilwomen ACOs with a national presence. Its purpose is to achieve the institutional and political representation of women councilors and mayors as regards their rights and emerging interests. ACOBOL has become the only non-state body with the capacity to attend to and advise in cases of harassment and political violence against women. The work done by carried out by this body has contributed to the empowerment of women and to lobbying efforts carried out to ensure that the anti-violence law was passed. Plurinational women members of parliament were also key actors in promoting the passing of the Law against the Harassment of and Political Violence against Women in the Bolivian Plurinational Congress. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal, the Intercultural Service for Democratic Strengthening SIFDE and the Departmental Electoral Tribunals also contributed to the design of the Protocol for Dealing with Cases, supporting the process and actively participating in the departmental workshops that were held, with proposals and contributions for the Protocol. SIFDE has included matters related to inter-cultural and ethical democracy in politics, which enriched the process. UN Women supported the development of this process with the goal of promoting and formalizing the response to and handling of gender-based harassment and political violence in the electoral jurisdiction bodies in Bolivia through a Response Protocol, as well as supporting the adjustment process for the draft bill and advocacy carried out in the administration. In taking stock, four lines of action were identified, each of them with a specific strategy:. It also strengthens and accelerates agro businesses that generate high social impact through Truvalu. We seek to balance the relationships of power and media presence in the region's communications. The project seeks Amaranth production with responsible management and marketing of amaranth in differentiated domestic and external markets, in order to The Innovation Project aims to change the carrot cultivation system from the implementation of technified harvest. In the In different localities of the Amazon, the harvesting of wild cacao plantations, as well as agroforestry crops based Bolivia has achieved the visualization of commercial sexual exploitation of boys, girls and adolescents CSEC , and its identification The present IP consists in the use of primary peanuts production for the transformation of innovational products jam The project aims to give support to the girls victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and achieve their reintegration The Project is based on the experience of the "Manq'a" Cooking Schools. These schools, implemented by ICCO with The Project seeks to improve the future economic opportunities of low-income youth in the municipalities of El Alto, The Sustainable Chaco Program proposes a dual approach to the task of strengthening the development of indigenous people The Regional Movement for Land and Territory project, seeks the establishment of a new public agenda on land One of the problems that Quechua communities face is the marketing of their products, because they are lack Threats linked to climate variability and climate change relate primarily to increased floods, drought, frost, heat and other extreme weather events. Climate changes expected in Bolivia could have severe impacts on biodiversity, especially in the high Andean plain where a process of rapid desertification is facilitated due to reduced precipitation and increased variability in temperature. In contrast, the greatest threat to biodiversity in lowland areas is the advance of the agricultural frontier. Actions taken in these areas are highlighted below. The revision will cover the period and is being prepared in the light of national policies that have been adopted since Actions taken to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets The content of this biodiversity profile is still draft. Since the fourth national report was prepared in , protected areas have increased in the Departments of Beni, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Tarija. In , the Coordination Unit of the National Council on Ecological Agricultural Production provided technological support to 6, producers to plant 8, hectares of organic crops. Bolivia also intends to develop actions to protect the genetic heritage of agricultural biodiversity and prohibits the introduction, production, use, release into the environment and commercialization of GM seeds. A collection of 16, accessions seeds of plants e. The Center for Aquaculture Research and Development is equipped with a laboratory and equipment for fish farming activities which is a growing industry in Bolivia. Within the framework of the Law on the Environment, a control and auditing system for activities that have the potential to generate environmental pollution has been established. Bolivia is currently carrying out a pilot project to record traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. Support mechanisms for national implementation legislation, funding, capacity-building, coordination, mainstreaming, etc. Bolivia - Wikipedia

Three thousand plant species are used for medicinal purposes at local or regional levels. Deforestation is among the main causes of biodiversity loss in Bolivia. The main land uses contributing to this include conversion to livestock pasture, mechanized agriculture and small-scale agriculture. The most affected areas are the Yungas ecoregion, the humid southwestern Amazon forest and the dry forests of Chiquitano and Chaco. Deforestation levels are highest in the administrative division Department of Santa Cruz, while significantly lower in other Departments, namely, Beni, Cochabamba and Tarija. Notably, deforestation levels in protected areas and in the territories managed by Indigenous Peoples and campesino communities are significantly lower than outside them. At the ecoregion level, most threatened species are found in the Yungas, followed by northern Puna and the southwestern Amazon. Main pressures on and drivers of change to biodiversity direct and indirect The content of this biodiversity profile is still draft. The main anthropogenic threats to biodiversity include the advancing agricultural frontier, mainly for the agro- industrial production of monocultures for export mainly soybean, grain corn, sunflower and sorghum and extensive livestock beef production. In some instances, threats are also produced by the uncontrolled expansion of mining activities and, in other instances, by an expansion in unsuitable infrastructure. Anthropogenic threats that directly affect species include poaching for luxury markets e. Threats linked to climate variability and climate change relate primarily to increased floods, drought, frost, heat and other extreme weather events. Climate changes expected in Bolivia could have severe impacts on biodiversity, especially in the high Andean plain where a process of rapid desertification is facilitated due to reduced precipitation and increased variability in temperature. In contrast, the greatest threat to biodiversity in lowland areas is the advance of the agricultural frontier. In April , Hugo Banzer, the former president of Bolivia, signed a contract with Aguas del Tunari, a private consortium, to operate and improve the water supply in Bolivia's third-largest city, Cochabamba. Shortly thereafter, the company tripled the water rates in that city, an action which resulted in protests and rioting among those who could no longer afford clean water. Bolivia has the second largest natural gas reserves in South America. The government held a binding referendum in on the Hydrocarbon Law. However, to mine for it would involve disturbing the country's salt flats called Salar de Uyuni , an important natural feature which boosts tourism in the region. The government does not want to destroy this unique natural landscape to meet the rising world demand for lithium. It is thought that due to the importance of lithium for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, Bolivia could be strengthened geopolitically. However, this perspective has also been criticized for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production in other parts of the world. Once Bolivia's government depended heavily on foreign assistance to finance development projects and to pay the public staff. Most payments to other governments have been rescheduled on several occasions since through the Paris Club mechanism. External creditors have been willing to do this because the Bolivian government has generally achieved the monetary and fiscal targets set by IMF programs since , though economic crises have undercut Bolivia's normally good record. However, by the foreign assistance is just a fraction of the government budget thanks to tax collection mainly from the profitable exports to Brazil and Argentina of natural gas. The amount in reserve currencies and gold held by Bolivia's Central Bank advanced from 1. The income from tourism has become increasingly important. Bolivia's tourist industry has placed an emphasis on attracting ethnic diversity. The fall from the narrow 12 feet 3. In , an Israeli woman was killed by a falling rock while cycling on the road. The Apolo road goes deep into La Paz. Roads in this area were originally built to allow access to mines located near Charazani. Other noteworthy roads run to Coroico , Sorata , the Zongo Valley Illimani mountain , and along the Cochabamba highway carretera. TAM a. The airline company has suspended its operations since 23 September TAB, a charter heavy cargo airline, links Bolivia with most countries of the Western Hemisphere ; its inventory includes a fleet of Hercules C aircraft. There are regional airports in other cities that connect to these three hubs. Bolivia's drinking water and sanitation coverage has greatly improved since due to a considerable increase in sectoral investment. However, the country has the continent's lowest coverage levels and services are of low quality. Political and institutional instability have contributed to the weakening of the sector's institutions at the national and local levels. The country's second largest city, Santa Cruz de la Sierra , manages its own water and sanitation system relatively successfully by way of cooperatives. The government of Evo Morales intends to strengthen citizen participation within the sector. Increasing coverage requires a substantial increase of investment financing. According to the government the main problems in the sector are low access to sanitation throughout the country; low access to water in rural areas; insufficient and ineffective investments; a low visibility of community service providers; a lack of respect of indigenous customs; "technical and institutional difficulties in the design and implementation of projects"; a lack of capacity to operate and maintain infrastructure; an institutional framework that is "not consistent with the political change in the country"; "ambiguities in the social participation schemes"; a reduction in the quantity and quality of water due to climate change; pollution and a lack of integrated water resources management; and the lack of policies and programs for the reuse of wastewater. Coverage in urban areas is bigger than in rural ones. In the last fifty years the Bolivian population has tripled, reaching a population growth rate of 2. The growth of the population in the inter-census periods — and — was approximately 2. Some In the Andean Altiplano region the departments of La Paz and Oruro hold the largest percentage of population, in the valley region the largest percentage is held by the departments of Cochabamba and Chuquisaca , while in the Llanos region by Santa Cruz and Beni. At national level, the population density is 8. The largest population center is located in the so-called "central axis" and in the Llanos region. Bolivia has a young population. The vast majority of Bolivians are mestizo with the indigenous component higher than the European one , although the government has not included the cultural self-identification "mestizo" in the November census. Exact numbers vary based on the wording of the ethnicity question and the available response choices. For example, the census did not provide the racial category "mestizo" as a response choice, resulting in a much higher proportion of respondents identifying themselves as belonging to one of the available indigenous ethnicity choices. Most people assume their mestizo identity while at the same time identifying themselves with one or more indigenous cultures. In the Santa Cruz Department , there are several dozen colonies of German-speaking Mennonites from Russia totaling around 40, inhabitants as of [update]. Afro-Bolivians , descendants of African slaves who arrived in the time of the Spanish Empire , inhabit the department of La Paz , and are located mainly in the provinces of Nor Yungas and Sud Yungas. Slavery was abolished in Bolivia in There are around , mennonites in Bolivia of Friesian, Flemish and German ethnic origins. The Indigenous peoples of Bolivia can be divided into two categories of ethnic groups: the Andeans, who are located in the Andean Altiplano and the valley region; and the lowland groups, who inhabit the warm regions of central and eastern Bolivia, including the valleys of Cochabamba Department, the Amazon Basin areas of northern La Paz Department, and the lowland departments of Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and Tarija including the Gran Chaco region in the southeast of the country. Large numbers of Andean peoples have also migrated to form Quechua, Aymara, and intercultural communities in the lowlands. Bolivia has great linguistic diversity as a result of its multiculturalism. Spanish is the most spoken official language in the country, according to the census; as it is spoken by two-thirds of the population. All legal and official documents issued by the State, including the Constitution, the main private and public institutions, the media, and commercial activities, are in Spanish. The main indigenous languages are: Quechua Plautdietsch , a German dialect , is spoken by about 70, Mennonites in Santa Cruz. Portuguese is spoken mainly in the areas close to Brazil. Bilingual education was implemented in Bolivia under the leadership of President Evo Morales. His program placed emphasis on the expansion of indigenous languages in the educational systems of the country. Religion in Bolivia []. Bolivia is a constitutionally secular state that guarantees the freedom of religion and the independence of government from religion. Much of the indigenous population adheres to different traditional beliefs marked by inculturation or syncretisim with Christianity. The cult of Pachamama , [] or "Mother Earth", is notable. There also are important Aymaran communities near Lake Titicaca that have a strong devotion to James the Apostle. Nevertheless, the rate of urbanization is growing steadily, at around 2. According to the census, there are total of 3,, households in Bolivia — an increase of , from Bolivian culture has been heavily influenced by the Aymara, the Quechua, as well as the popular cultures of Latin America as a whole. The cultural development is divided into three distinct periods: precolumbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics , and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and have seen little archaeological exploration. The Spanish brought their own tradition of religious art which, in the hands of local native and mestizo builders and artisans , developed into a rich and distinctive style of architecture, painting, and sculpture known as "Mestizo Baroque". An important body of Native Baroque religious music of the colonial period was recovered and has been performed internationally to wide acclaim since Bolivia has a rich folklore. Its regional folk music is distinctive and varied. The "devil dances" at the annual carnival of Oruro are one of the great folkloric events of South America, as is the lesser known carnival at Tarabuco. Bolivia has public and private universities. Based on The World Factbook estimates, Bolivia is ranked st in life expectancy with a number of Between and , extreme poverty in Bolivia fell from Football is popular. The national team is the Bolivia national football team. Racquetball is the second most popular sport in Bolivia as for the results in the Odesur Games held in Cochabamba. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Landlocked country in South America. This article is about the South American country. For other uses, see Bolivia disambiguation. Spanish Guarani and 33 others. See below. Main article: History of Bolivia. Main article: History of Bolivia — Main article: History of Bolivia —present. The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. See also: Bolivian general election and Bolivian political crisis. Main article: Geography of Bolivia. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main articles: Politics of Bolivia and Foreign relations of Bolivia. Main article: Crime in Bolivia. Main article: Foreign relations of Bolivia. Main article: Economy of Bolivia. Main article: Tourism in Bolivia. See also: List of airlines of Bolivia and List of airports in Bolivia. See also: Rail transport in Bolivia. Main article: Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia. Main article: Demographics of Bolivia. Languages in Bolivia Languages percent Spanish. Main article: Languages of Bolivia. Main article: Religion in Bolivia. Main article: Culture of Bolivia. See also: Music of Bolivia and Public holidays in Bolivia. Main article: Education in Bolivia. Main article: Health in Bolivia. See also: Refresh Bolivia. Bolivia portal South America portal. Central Bank of Bolivia. Archived from the original on 28 April Retrieved 28 January Archived from the original on 25 February Retrieved 24 February The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 February Retrieved 25 March Survey period: 15 June to 2 August , 1, respondents. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 August World Bank. Archived from the original on 11 August Retrieved 22 March United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 30 August Archived from the original on 2 July World Economic Outlook. Archived from the original on 10 October Retrieved 25 September Salem Press. Archived from the original on 25 August Archived from the original on 20 August Retrieved 14 July Archived from the original on 19 July Journal of Field Archaeology. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. The Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization. Archived from the original on 14 November MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 28 October Archived from the original on 29 June Indiana University Press. Archived from the original on 15 October Retrieved 14 October History Department, Duke University. Archived from the original on 31 January Archivo Regional de Tacna. Bolivia: A Land Divided. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. National Grid for Learning. Archived from the original on 21 August Retrieved 12 May The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April Retrieved 26 April Inter Press Service. BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 January Retrieved 2 January United States Department of State. XXXI: The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 26 January Retrieved 7 April Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 4 March Archived from the original on 20 October Retrieved 31 January Archived from the original on 11 October Archived from the original on 28 February International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Archived from the original PDF on 8 February Roberts eds. Beyond neoliberalism in Latin America? Palgrave Macmillan. Ethnopolitics 4 3 — September Archived from the original PDF on 24 July New York Times. Retrieved 4 October Archived from the original on 27 March The Innovation Project aims to change the carrot cultivation system from the implementation of technified harvest. In the In different localities of the Amazon, the harvesting of wild cacao plantations, as well as agroforestry crops based Bolivia has achieved the visualization of commercial sexual exploitation of boys, girls and adolescents CSEC , and its identification The present IP consists in the use of primary peanuts production for the transformation of innovational products jam The project aims to give support to the girls victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and achieve their reintegration The Project is based on the experience of the "Manq'a" Cooking Schools. These schools, implemented by ICCO with The Project seeks to improve the future economic opportunities of low-income youth in the municipalities of El Alto, The Sustainable Chaco Program proposes a dual approach to the task of strengthening the development of indigenous people The Regional Movement for Land and Territory project, seeks the establishment of a new public agenda on land One of the problems that Quechua communities face is the marketing of their products, because they are lack It promotes processes for The Down to Zero DtZ program includes preventative and protective measures that focus on actual child victims and In this project, Bolivian youth are trained to become chefs who cook specifically with locally produced ingredients. Manqa is established since in

Requiem for the "process of change" in Bolivia - Toward Freedom

The tasks which remain pending and which have been defined by the Law itself are: i regulation, for which the Plurinational Electoral Body is responsible; ii the incorporation of rules governing the prevention of, response to and sanctioning of acts of harassment and political violence against women into the statutes and rules of procedure of political and social organizations, and the incorporation of specific provisions to promote and guarantee the political participation on equal terms of women and men, and iii amendments to the personnel, disciplinary or other rules of procedure of public institutions, to include as offences the acts set out in Article 8 of Law No. The quality of this Committee had its basis in its ability to adjust the content of the draft bill and adapt its lobbying strategy to the new institutional political context, which came about in the country in the last ten years. The experience from recent years in political lobbying work for passing the Law shows the necessity of creating complementary tools to facilitate and guarantee compliance with the new legislation in force, whereby the Plurinational Electoral Body and, in particular, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal TSE and the Departmental Electoral Tribunals TEDs play an important role, which created the need to formulate a Protocol for Attending to and Processing the Victims of Harassment and Political Violence in the Electoral Jurisdiction. Within this process, the possibility is also being examined of creating Units for Attention to Cases of Harassment and Political Violence within the TSE and TEDs, with competency to check on cases of women resigning from political office. They were targeted at municipal councilwomen and officials of the Departmental Electoral Tribunals. The following subjects were addressed in the forums: i The Bolivian electoral system; ii Gender and the participation in political elections of women; iii The Law against the Harassment of and Political Violence against Women; iv Intercultural democracy; and v The participatory construction of the protocol. One important aspect highlighted by the Director of SIFDE was the differentiated design of these forums, taking into account the political, social and cultural particularities of each department, which facilitated dialogue and the arrival at consensus. This methodology must be considered for replication in other processes for the collective generation of policy and also in capacity-building processes. ACOBOL began responding from the first years of its foundation, in the absence of a public body mandated to respond, to reports of harassment and political violence against elected women leaders of municipal authorities. The evidence collected during these years was an important input to the design of the Law. A Guide to Systematization and Classification for the recording of cases dealt with in the ACOs see box below was designed in This tool is important to ensure consistency of data collection. Module 1. A summary of the antecedents to cases of harassment and political violence. Module 2. Presents the basic elements for a conceptual understanding of the classification processes, giving examples of their practical application, enabling ACOBOL to achieve consistency of data generated by each of the ACOs. Module 3. The systematized record of cases made it possible to classify acts as harassment or political violence, which contributed to terms used in the Law against the Harassment of and Political Violence against Women. In this Workshop, the elected women leaders of municipal authorities recognized that, in many cases, women who fell victim to harassment or political violence were not conscious of, or did not know that their political rights were being violated, which is why they did not report or take any kind of action. Another important development has been the creation of the Observatory of the Political Participation of Women at Local Level in Bolivia. The Observatory was designed to be a space to bring to the fore and disseminate throughout society knowledge about the political participation of indigenous women, women of pre-Columbian heritage, peasant women, women of African heritage and urban women in the municipal arena, their potential and contributions to municipal development, and their participation on national and international levels, in addition to the gender-based harassment and political violence suffered by councilwomen on the municipal councils of Bolivia. The objectives of the Observatory are:. Three thousand plant species are used for medicinal purposes at local or regional levels. Deforestation is among the main causes of biodiversity loss in Bolivia. The main land uses contributing to this include conversion to livestock pasture, mechanized agriculture and small-scale agriculture. The most affected areas are the Yungas ecoregion, the humid southwestern Amazon forest and the dry forests of Chiquitano and Chaco. Deforestation levels are highest in the administrative division Department of Santa Cruz, while significantly lower in other Departments, namely, Beni, Cochabamba and Tarija. Notably, deforestation levels in protected areas and in the territories managed by Indigenous Peoples and campesino communities are significantly lower than outside them. At the ecoregion level, most threatened species are found in the Yungas, followed by northern Puna and the southwestern Amazon. Main pressures on and drivers of change to biodiversity direct and indirect The content of this biodiversity profile is still draft. The main anthropogenic threats to biodiversity include the advancing agricultural frontier, mainly for the agro-industrial production of monocultures for export mainly soybean, grain corn, sunflower and sorghum and extensive livestock beef production. In some instances, threats are also produced by the uncontrolled expansion of mining activities and, in other instances, by an expansion in unsuitable infrastructure. Anthropogenic threats that directly affect species include poaching for luxury markets e. Threats linked to climate variability and climate change relate primarily to increased floods, drought, frost, heat and other extreme weather events. Climate changes expected in Bolivia could have severe impacts on biodiversity, especially in the high Andean plain where a process of rapid desertification is facilitated due to reduced precipitation and increased variability in temperature. In contrast, the greatest threat to biodiversity in lowland areas is the advance of the agricultural frontier. In this project, Bolivian youth are trained to become chefs who cook specifically with locally produced ingredients. Manqa is established since in In Bolivia, like in many countries worldwide, a lockdown is in place to combat the further spread Since March 22 in Bolivia, a total quarantine decreed by the government has been in force with the Evo Morales has been elected president of Bolivia for the fourth time. And this is not without All Countries Bolivia. Fuerza Naval N. ICCO in Bolivia In Bolivia, ICCO promotes the economic empowerment and food security of vulnerable populations and the exercise of the rights of young people, indigenous people, peasants, women and children. Films Manqa Bolivia. Projects Bolivia Related news. Strengthening Independent Media in Latin America We seek to balance the relationships of power and media presence in the region's communications. Countries: Bolivia Colombia Paraguay. Project started: More info. 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