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Using Bitnbd for Provisioning Virtual Machines in Opencirrus Testbed

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Using Bitnbd for Provisioning Virtual Machines in Opencirrus Testbed Using BitNBD for Provisioning Virtual Machines in OpenCirrus Testbed Yong-Ju Lee, Hag-Young Kim Dept. of Cloud Computing Research Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute South Korea {yongju, h0kim}@etri.re.kr Abstract—BitTorrent is a convenient tool for downloading and distributing very large files. This feature throws us a clue if II. RELATED WORK virtual machine images in distributed environments are possible to move from one site to another. Users also gain the The OpenCirrus testbed [9] in figure 1 is a collection of ability to have their computer that follows them rather than be tied to one physical location. In this paper, we explore how the federated data centers for open-source systems and services BitTorrent protocol can be applied so that BitTorrent-based research. Currently, the testbed is composed of 10 sites in provisioning for virtual machines can improve cloud resource North America, Europe, and Asia. The project is a joint management and reduce response time. initiative sponsored by HP, Intel, and Yahoo!, in collaboration with other institute. ETRI has joined in 2009. Keywords: BitNBD, VM Provisioning, Cloud Computing I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is the emergent technology that promises on-demand, dynamic, and easily accessible computing power. Dynamic provisioning of computing resources using Operating System (OS) and Virtual Machine (VM) technologies can be considered. With the advent of virtualization technologies like Xen [1], VMware [2], and KVM [3], data centers have been Figure 1. OPENCIRRUS SITES going through a revolution in design. Virtualization enables A typical OpenCirrus service stack consists of physical multiple operating systems and applications, to run resource set (PRS), Tashi, Ganglia [10], and other concurrently on a single server without interfering with each application framework services (e.g., Hadoop [11], Pig [12]). other. Today, it leads to turn general clusters into an A PRS is a set of VLAN-isolated compute, storage, and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. In terms of VM networking resources. At this time, a cluster is partitioned images management, VM images are cloned from a base into one or more PRS dominants, dynamically allocated, image at first. The cloning process is executing a copy and managed by a PRS service, at the request of PRS clients. command on the raw image file. The cloned images are then This research contributes to advancing the resource set copied using secure shell (SSH) or shared via NFS onto the whether they are physical resources or virtual resources. Our virtualization nodes. The time taken to provision an instance BitTorrent-based provisioning shows the benefits of the on- is not neglected. There are open source IaaS cloud solutions demand provision of physical or virtualized resources as a like Eucalyptus [4], Open Nebula [5], Nimbus [6], ASPEN service and energy-efficient consolidation for cloud [7], and Tashi [8]. In general, image management uses local computing. It provides faster deployment to meet growing file copy and distribution via NFS. This potentially means demand and improve performance. that a more efficient method can be used for VM images Figure 2 illustrates testbed pictures of the cluster being distribution. installed in late 2010 at ETRI. The platform currently Efficient resource distribution mechanisms provide just- consists of 512 nodes (4096 cores), each with quad-core in-time resource provisioning in cloud computing, and it X3320 processors and 4GBs of main memory. Each compute would affect the execution of a cloud service. In this paper, node has 500GB storage and two 1Gb/s link to each core we explore how the BitTorrent mechanism can support switch. provisioning virtual resources, and reveal benefits of the on- demand provision of virtualized resources as a service. Our image server is based on Linux platform. For that reason, Windows mkfs and mount utilities under Linux is necessary to deploy Windows images in our image server. Cloning Windows images has problems including master boot record(MBR), different disk ids, Windows volume serial number, and extended attributes(ACL, Junction, and Figure 2. ETRI SITE so on). Especially, A Disk Identifier (or Disk Signature) applies to an entire hard disk drive (not a single partition). Figure 3 illustrates BitTorrent-based Network Block A Disk Identifier/Disk Signature is a 4-byte (longword) Device (BitNBD) architecture for provisioning virtual number that is randomly generated when the Master Boot machines efficiently[13]. A client has both NBD client Record/Partition Table is first created and stored. The Disk module and our BitNBD module. The NBD client module Identifier is stored at byte offset 1B8 (hex) through 1BB communicates with the BitNBD module for reading and (hex) in the MBR disk sector. Windows Vista/7 uses the writing blocks. The BitNBD module transfers virtual Disk Signature to locate boot devices so changing it can machine image with other peers and provides read/write prevent them from booting. So far as I know Grub and operations. Linux don't use the Disk Identifier. Especially, extended attributes saved a script file(e.g., Client A gc_fattr.sh). In Windows Vista/7, the default locations for Peer A BitNBD A NBD Client A Virtual Machine user data and system data have changed. For example, user Block I/O A operations data that was previously stored in (9, 1, ) the %SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings directory is Peer B BitTorrent network BitNBD B now stored in the %SystemDrive%\Users directory. In order Non-cached read NBD Client B Cached read Virtual Machine to minimize the amount of application compatibility Write, rewrite B (1, 2, ) problems users would experience due to the change in Peer C folders names, such as C:\Documents and Settings moving Client B legend to C:\Users, Microsoft employed junction points. A Junction Empty blocks Cached blocks Point is a physical location on a local hard disk that points Updated blocks (9, 1, )(1, 2, ) (bitmap, version, updated block) to another location on that disk or another storage device. A volume boot record (also known as a volume boot sector Figure 3. BITTORRENT-BASED NETWORK BLOCK DEVICE or a partition boot sector) is a type of boot sector, stored in a (BITNBD) ARCHITECTURE disc volume on a hard disk, floppy disk, or similar data The BitNBD also uses the “split read/write” mechanism storage device, that contains code for booting programs where the data is read from other peers while the data is being written locally. Read/reread blocks are obtained by stored in other parts of the volume. neighbor peers or local caches. Write/rewrite blocks can be written as separately. It contains block bitmap, block version number, and updated block's data to allow the BitNBD to record which blocks have modified. In figure 3, the steps for constructing a virtual machine in a configuration of the BitNBD: 1) A users uses a network block device to request a VM. Internally, the network block devices already mounted. 2) The VM template disk image is shared to other compute nodes. 3) The BitTorrent module in client side connects the image server for obtaining Figure 4. DISK LAYOUT IN WINDOWS 7 appropriate peers to distribute a VM. 4) The virtual machine Figure 4 illustrates a disk layout in Windows 7. Windows emulator(e.g., QEMU) requests booting blocks to the 7 has two partitions. The first partition is a hidden partition network block device module. 5) The network block device which has a boot loader. The second partition is the OS module also requests the blocks to the BitNBD module. 6) partition including user data. The steps or obtaining entire The BitNBD module processes the block I/O operations. files in two partitions: 1) the Windows golden client boots via dhcp, generates information(i.e., partition information, III. CASE STUDY OF PROVISIONING VMS disk identifier from basic disk, and volume serial number from partitioned disk) and then invokes rsync daemon for a A. Windows Provisioning Issues for VMs image server. 2) The image server gets all files in Windows client via rsync protocol. The cloning process is done. 3) The client machine for installation boots via dhcp, creates other is bias BitNBD selection located in the tracker. partitions, updates the disk identifier, makes file system Basically, the tracker responses the peer list that is based on layout, updates volume serial number in each partition, the random selection. In our case, the tracker in the image mounts, and copies all file from the image repository in the server achieves biased BitNBD selection which is based on image server. cross-ISP hops. It will choose its neighbor mostly from those within the same ISP, and only have a few that are B. Intercloud Issues of the BitNBD outside the ISP. The OpenCirrus testbed, in nature, federates numerous, far-away sites with various hardware, services, and tools. C. Dynamic Service Provisioning Figure 5 illustrates the conceptual view of the Initial deployment and subsequent dynamic Intra/Intercloud for deploying the BitNBD. The reconfiguration of a software is difficult because of many intracloud(e.g., ETRI site) in South Korea has abundant interdependdent factors including software dependencies network bandwidth. Thus, the BitNBD can achieve its role and installing orders. We have developed a dynamic SW for distributing VM images efficiently. The Intercloud(e.g., provisioning technique for carrying out the deployment of between ETRI site and others), however, potentially offers softwares. A service consists of several software packages an alternative way to manipulate cross-cloud transfers and that are used rpm-based installation procedures. For rapid to minimize possibly worries about security. The BitNBD deployment of services, dynamic deployment policy is for Intercloud will in near future employ the locality- required. awareness strategy to create near-optimal sets of collaborative network block devices.
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