1962 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18891 tourmaline in velnlets in-limestone, . usually over 6 miles long, .an .considered favorable amendment bills and a joint resolution associated with dikes of igneous rock that ground for prospecting. . _ of the House of the following titles: intrude the limestone. · . The Geological Survey said that the asso­ ciation ·of beryllium ore with previously H.R. 4635. An act for the relief of Hattie Individual zones of beryllium ore are as and Joseph Patrick, Sr., and for the legal much as s~veral hundred· feet long and 30 mined tin deposits in the Lost River area, plus the fact that the chrysoberyl is finely guardian of Betty Ann Smith and the legal feet wide, the Department said. guardian of Stanley Smith, and for the legal Ore zones investigated so far by the Geo­ divicl.ed and is not easily recognized, suggests that more of this type of beryllium ore may guardian of James E. Harris, Jr.; logical Survey are scattered widely in a 6-mile H.R. 6021. An act for the relief of Lt. Don area considered favorable ground for pros­ await discovery near tin deposits elsewhere in the world. Walsh and Lt. Lawrence A. Shumaker; pecting. H.R. 10242. An act to amend Private Law The Survey said the association of beryl­ 86-339; . lium ore with previously mined tin deposits 10 H.R. 10383. An act to amend the Federal in the Lost River area, and the fact that the ADJOURNMENT UNTIL A.M. Home Loan Bank Act to give Puerto Rico chrysoberyl was finely divided and not easily MONDAY the same treatment as a State in the elec­ recognized, suggested that more of this type Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, if tion of Federal Home Loan Bank Directors; of beryUium ore might await discovery near H.R. 12024. An act for the relief o:t Li­ tin deposits elsewhere in the world. there is no further business, I move, in accordance with the order previously en­ brande P. Caltagirone; and tered, that the Senate stand in adjourn­ H.J. Res. 627. Joint resolution extending BERYLLIUM DISCOVERY BY GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY the duration of copyright protection in cer­ ment until 10 a.m. on Monday next. tain cases. LEADS TO RUSH OF PROSPECTORS TO NOME The motion was agreed to; and West Virginia agree to the conference requested by the toward the prevention of accidents of all into the Union as a State; Senate. kinds; and S. 3451. An act to provide relief for resi­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Whereas the prevention of accidents is of dential occupants of unpatented mining the request of the gentleman from the greatest importance to the success of our claims upon which valuable improvements Arkansas? economy and the well-being of our Nation; have been placed, and for other purposes; and Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving ·whereas the records have shown a notable S. 3646. An act to amend the Communica­ the right to object, can the gentleman tions Act of 1934, as amended, relative to and steady decline in the rates of accidental merger of domestic telegraph carriers; give us any information as to when he death and injury as a result of national pro­ S.J. Res. 214. Joint resolution authoriz­ would expect to go to conference, either grams of the organized safety movment; and ing the President of the United States to this week or next week? Whereas this decline in accident rates dem­ designate the period from November 26, Mr. MILLS. In all probability, it onstrates the value of nationwide safety ac­ 1962, through December 2, 1962, as National would be next week; I cannot be certain, tivities as carried on under the leadership of Cultural Center Week; and but not before Friday of this week. the National Safety Council; and s. Con. Res. 53. Concurrent resolution fa­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I with­ Whereas the Congress enacted a Federal voring air travel by legislative and Govern­ charter for the National Safety Council; and draw my reservation of objection. · Whereas the National Safety Council, as a ment officers and employees on U.S.-fiag air The SPEAKER. Is there objection to carriers. guardian of the public interest, has proved the request of the gentleman from its dedication to the safety and welfare of The message also announced that the Arkansas? the Nation's citizens, as set forth in its Fed­ Senate agrees to the amendments of the The Chair hears none, and appoints eral charter: Therefore be it House of Representatives to the concur­ the following conferees: Messrs. MILLS, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of .the United States of rent resolution

/ 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18893 · ..I am sure the American people will Mr. MEADER. It prohibits the man­ ingly applying to slugs in slot machines support the President's decision in this ufacture-of slugs or the passing of slugs? and pinball machines, and so on. But instance in overwhelming numbers. Mr. FORRESTER. It prohibits the in the course of the fairminded hearings This action reaftirms the policy of the manufacture of slugs, but we have had conducted by the gentleman from Geor­ Government of the United States that, legislation for that a long time. It· is gia, the extent of the problem this legis­ in this dangerous age in which we live, simply adding other things to it, such as lation is intended to solve became more we shall at all times operate from a paper, to affect currency. evident. It does not apply to gambling position of strength and preparedness. Mr. MEADER. Has the gentleman devices at all. Much as we might decry We shall be ready for any and every conferred with the appropriate Members automation, it is spreading widely, and emergency around the clock and through on this side of the aisle or the subcom­ the vending machines and automatic the calendar.· mittee that handled the legislation? currency and coin changers are no longer To this same end, this Congress in the Mr. FORRESTER. I certainly have. rarities. Even the Post Oftice is involved last 18 months has provided additional This legislation has passed the House on now. funds totaling some $9 billion to improve a couple of occasions. I have contacted The gentleman from Georgia, Con­ both our nuclear and our conventional the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HAL­ gressman FoRRESTER, not only handled capabilities. LECK], and the gentleman from Virginia the legislation in committee and here To this same end also, I am sure the [Mr. PoFF], who, I understand, is the on the House floor, but took the unusual Congress will expedite action on the res­ senior Member on that side, but who is step of offering his help and assistance olution to be introduced today by the not present here today. as a witness on the Senate side, and, gentleman from Georgia to implement Mr. MEADER. The Members on our thanks to him, and to Senator LoNG of the President's request. side were agreeable to the acceptance of Missouri, and others, it was approved. the amendments? The bill now before us reflects the Mr. FORRESTER. That is correct. value and merits of the congressional CRIMES AND OFFENSES Mr. MEADER. I witildraw my reser­ committee system. I doubt if the gen­ Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, I vation of objection, Mr. Speaker. tleman from Georgia [Mr. FORRESTER] ask unanimous consent to take from the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to had very many letters froin his own dis­ Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 8038) to the request of the gentleman from trict on this bill; as sponsor of the bill amend section 491 of title 18, United Georgia? I received practically no mail on it. And States Code, prohibiting certain acts in­ There was no objection. yet, the gentleman from Georgia, noting volving the use of tokens, slugs, -disks, The Senate amendments were con­ an important national problem involved, devices, papers, or other things which curred in. took the time and the effort to make a are similar in size and shape to the law­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the full study of the issues involved in this ful coins or other currency of the United table. legislation and helped tremendously to States, with Senate amendments thereto, Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask steer it through to passage. This is a and concur in the Senate amendments. unanimous consent that the gentlewom­ good illustration of the hard work done The Clerk read the title of the bill. an from Missouri [Mrs. SULLIVAN] may by many Members on committee assign­ The Clerk read the Senate amend­ extend her remarks at this point in the ments which do not affect their own dis­ ments, as follows: RECORD. tricts in any unusual or distinctive fash­ Page 1, strike out all after line 2 over The SPEAKER. Is there objection ion. to and including line 13 on page 2 and to the request of the gentleman from I think if more people were aware of insert "That that portion of section 491 of Georgia? the long hours and the hard work each title 18, United States Code, which precedes There was no objection. of us mu·st expend in committee work subsection (c) thereof is amended to read Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, as the not directly related to our localized dis­ as follows: author of H.R. 8038, I am grateful to all trict problems, there would be a better "'§ 491. Tokens or paper used as money of the Members of both the House and understanding of the truly impressive "'(a) Whoever, being 18 years of age or Senate who participated in the develop­ achievements of this body. over, not lawfully authorized, makes, issues, ment of this legislation to the point, now, or passes any coin, card, token, or device in The old idea that Congressmen take metal, or its compounds, intended to be where we are perfecting it for final pas­ an interest only in those issues or causes used as money, or whoever, being 18 years sage. I introduced the original legisla­ which can be translated into votes back of age or over, with intent to defraud, makes, tion in the previous Congress, so I have home is certainly disproved by this rath­ utters, inserts, or uses any card, token, slug, lived with it for quite a long time, and it er technical but important bill now being disk, device, paper, or other thing similar is a great source of satisfaction now to readied for final passage. in size and shape to any of the lawful coins see it taking final form for submission to or other currency of the United States or the President. any coin or other currency not legal tender GUARANTEED AffiCRAFT in the United States, to procure anything Since the House passed this bill in PURCHASE LOANS of value, or the use or enjoyment of any somewhat broader form just a year ago, property or service from any automatic mer­ on September 6, 1961, I am sure there . Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, by direction chandise vending machine, postage-stamp is no reason now for me to take up the of the Committee on Rules, I call up machine, turnstile, fare box, coinbox tele­ time of the Members with a detailed dis­ House Resolution 778 and ask for its phone, parking meter or other lawful recep­ cussion of its provisions. The Senate immediate consideration. tacle, depository, or contrivance designed to modified it somewhat, and inserted lan­ The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ receive or to be operated by lawful coins guage specifying that it applies only to lows: or other currency of the United States, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned those 18 years of age or older--so that . Resolved, That upon the adoption of this not more than one year, or both.'" a child using a slug to obtain a penny's resolution it shall be in order to move that Page 3, line 7, strike out "(c)". worth of gum or candy would not be sub­ the House resolve itself into the Committee ject to· prosecution as a criminal under of the Whole House on the State of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Federal law. The amendments do not Union for the consideration of the bill (H.R. the request of the gentleman from seriously weaken the bill, and thus I am 10129) to amend the Act of September 7, Georgia? 1957, relating to aircraft loan guarantees. glad to join in urging House concurrence After general debate, which shall be con­ . Mr. MEADER. Reserving the right to in the Senate amendments, so that the fined to the bill, and shall continue not to object, Mr. Speaker, may I ask the gen­ bill can go on to the White House. exceed one hour, to be equally divided and tleman from Georgia to make an expla­ I do want to take a few moments, how­ controlled by the chairman and ranking mi­ nation of the purpose of the bill and the ever, to thank the gentleman · from nority .member of the Committee on Inter­ significance of the amendments of the Georgia [Mr. FoRRESTER), chairman of state and F9reign Commerce, the bill shall Senate in which he asks concurrence? the subcommittee which considered be read for amendment under the five-min­ ute rule. At the conclusion of the consid­ Mr. FORRESTER. I may say to the this bill in the House Judiciary Commit­ eration of the bill for amendment, the Com­ gentleman from Michigan that the tee, for the tremendous amount of work mittee shall rise and report the bill to the amendment of the Senate is nothing but he put into this legislation and the help House with .such amendments as may_have adding a section as to the passing of and encouragement he gave me on this · been adopted, and the previous question slugs. It would not be applicable to a matter.- At first, the bill seemed some- · shall be considered as ordered on tlie bill person under the age of 18 years. what frivolous to some Members-seem- and amendments thereto to final passage 18894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10 without intervening motion except one mo­ Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I have no If all .of the $3 million authorized for tion to recommit. further requests for time, and 1! the each year by this legislation is appro­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from gentleman from California has no fur­ priated, it is expected that $2.5 million California [Mr. SISK] is recognized for_ ther requests for time, I move the previ­ will be used for grants to States, local 1 hour. ous question. communities, and nonprofit organiza­ Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the The previous question was ordered. tions. All of these grant applications gentleman from California [Mr. SMITH] The SPEAKER. The question is on will be channeled through the State 30 minutes, and pending that yield my-. agreeing to the resolution. health departments. The legislation self such time as I may consume. The resolution was agreed to. does not authorize the use of these funds Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 778 A motion to reconsider was laid on the for the construction of hospitals, clinics, provides for the consideration of H.R. table. or health facilities, nor is it contem­ 10129, a bill to amend the act of Sep­ plated that the funds will be used for tember 7, 1957, relating to aircraft loan the payment of hospital bills. It is con­ HEALTH CLINIC FOR DOMESTIC templated that the grants will be used guarantees. The resolution provides an MIGRATORY FARMWORKERS open ru1e with 1 hour of general debate. to pay part of the cost of establishing The purpose of H.R. 10129 is to extend Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, by direction and operating family health service for 5 years the act of September 7, 1957, of the Committee on Rules, I call up the clinics, and special projects which are Public Law 85-307, which authorizes the resolution, House Resolution 781, and aimed at improving health services for Government to guarantee private loans ask for its immediate consideration. domestic agricultural migratory workers to certain smaller airlines for the pur­ The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ and their families. chase of aircraft. This authority to lows: Mr. Speaker, I urge the adoption of guarantee loans expired September 7, Resolved, That upon the adoption of this House Resolution 781. 1962. resolution it shall be in order to move that Mr. SMITH of California. Mr. Speak­ the House resolve itself into the Committee er, I yield myself such time as I may con­ The act authorizes the Board to guar­ of the Whole House on the State of the sume. antee loans made to eligible carriers for Union for the consideration of the blll (H.R. Mr. Speaker, once again I am pleased the purchase of aircraft to improve their 12365) to amend title III of the Public service and efficiency. The purpose is Health Service Act to authorize grants for to say that the gentleman from Cali­ to enable these carriers to borrow funds faJl?.ilY clinics !or domestic agricultural fornia [Mr. SrsKl and I are in agree­ on reasonable terms, thus reducing costs migratory workers, and for other purposes. ment. It is surprising how, on non­ of operation. Experience with the act After general debate, which shall be confined controversial bills, our thoughts and has amply demonstrated that lenders, to the blll, and shall continue not to ex- · language are similar. On this occasion ceed one hour, to be equally divided and I want to subscribe to the statement with the Government guarantee, gen­ controlled by the chairman and ranking made by the gentleman from California, erally are willing to offer more favorable minority member of the Committee on In­ and join my statement with his in sup­ terms than without a guarantee. terstate and Foreign Commerce, the bill shall port of the rule and the legislation. The act limits guarantees to $5 million be read for amendment under the five­ minute rule. At the conclusion of the con­ May I simply add that I know the need per air carrier. A guarantee may not for this piece of legislation. Our agri­ exceed 90 percent of the face value of sideration of the blll for amendment, the Committee shall rise and report the b111 to cultural system throughout the United the loan and 100 percent of unpaid the House with such amendments as may States is largely geared to this migratory interest. have been adopted, and the previous ques­ agricultural worker system. Probably Mr. Speaker, I urge the adoption of tion shall be considered as ordered on the as many as a million people every year House Resolution 778. bill and amendments thereto to final passage may work in 31 different States. The in­ Mr. SMITH of California. Mr. without intervening motion except one mo­ come of these people is relatively low. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I tion to recommit. Their health problems throughout the may use. Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 season throw quite a burden on the local Mr. Speaker, I join in the remarks just minutes to the gentleman from Cali­ communities, doctors, and taxpayers. made by the gentleman from California fornia [Mr. SMITH], and yield myself This bill will allow the Federal Govern­ [Mr. SISKl. I agree completely with him such time as I may consume. ment on a matching basis to come in and as to the purpose of the bill as he has Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 781 . assist those communities in the matter made the statement here today. provides for the consideration of H.R. of the health problem of these migra­ This resolution will provide for 1 hour 12365, a bill to amend title m of the tory workers. of debate under an open ru1e for the Public Health Service Act to authorize I think it is a good piece of legisla­ consideration of H.R. 10129. grants for family clinics for domestic tion. I know of no objection to the bill May I simply say further that al­ agricultural migratory workers, and for or to the fUle. though progress has been made in re­ other purposes. The resolution provides Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance equipping the smaller carriers, much still an open rule with 1 hour of general of my time. remains to be done. It is the view of debate. Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker. I move the the committee and of the Board that The principal purpose of H.R. 12365 previous question on the resolution. continuation of the reequipment pro­ is to authorize an appropriation of up to· The previous question was ordered. gram of smaller carriers is of importance $3 million for the fiscal year ending The resolution was agreed to. to their financial success and their pros­ June 30, 1963, and for each of the 2 fol­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the pects for long-range reduction in subsidy lowing fiscal years to enable the Surgeon table. required. General of the Public Health Service to It is my understanding, during the make grants to public and other non­ time that we have had this guarantee profit agencies for paying part of the cost GUARANTEED AIRCRAFT PUR­ loan in progress, there have been no de­ of establishing and operating family CHASE LOANS fau1ts and some $30 million has been health service clinics and special projects guaranteed. to improve health services for and the Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I move The only difference in the statement health conditions of domestic agricul­ that the House resolve itself into the of the gentleman and my understanding tural migratory workers and their fam­ Committee of the Whole House on the of this bill is that I thought it increased ilies. State of the Union for the considera­ the amount to one carrier from $5 to $10 The grant program provided under tion of the bill si­ put the smaller airlines in a better posi­ Bonanza Air Lines, Inc., Central Airlines, tion to this legislationy whic·h would tion to serve the public. and saved them Inc., Frontier Airlines ~ Inc., Lake Cen­ extend for 5 years the. Government guar­ money which would have gone into tral Airlines, Inc., Mohawk Airlines, antee of loans to certain smaller airlines higher interest payments if the Govern­ Inc. ~ North Central Airlines ~ Inc., Ozark for the purchase of aircraft to improve ment guarantee had not. been available. Airlines, Inc., Pacific Air Lines., Inc., the efficiency of their operations. So long as the local services, carriers Piedmont. Airlines, Inc., Southern Air­ The loan guarantee program was es­ must depend on subsidy, it would seem ways, Inc., Trans Texas Airways., Ine., tablished by Public Law 85-30,7 _approved to be good business for the Government West. Coast Airlines, Inc.; Hawaiian. car­ September 7, 1957. The legislation was to guarantee loans for the purchase of riers: Aloha Airlines, Inc., Hawaiian enacted to enable certificated local serv­ more efficient equipment when such Ailrlines, Inc.; Alaskan carriers: Alaska ice, territorial, and helicopter air car­ loans reduce the cost of operations for Airlines, Inc., Bristol Bay Airlines~ Inc.­ riers to obtain reasonable financing for the pMticipating airlilies and thus re­ apparently no longer operating-Alaska the purchase of. modern aircraft more duce the1Jr dependence g:n Goverment Coastal-Ellis Airlines, Inc. ., Cordova Air­ suitable to their needs. and thereby ob­ subsidy. lines, Inc., Kodiak Airlines. Inc., Munz tain more ec.onomical operations, with Amendments were considered to trans­ Airways, Inc.-apparently no longer the view of decreasing the dependence fer tbe prograJm to the Department. of operating-Northern Consolidated Air­ on Federal subsidy. Commerce, as recommended by the ad­ lines, Inc., Pacific Northern Airlines~ Inc., The !oJ:lowi:ng classes o.f air carriers are ministration, and to make the cargo car­ Reeve Aleutian Airways, Inc., Western eligibie: First,, local service airlines; riers eligible. Both were rejected. Alaska Airlines, Inc., Wien Alaska Air­ second, metropolitan helicopter opera­ Inasmuch as the Civil Aeronautics lines, Inc.; Caribbean area and Florida tors; third,. ah:lines Pl'Oviding service Boa:rd. is handling the progEam suceess­ to British West Iildies: Caribbean Atlan­ within Al'aska, Hawaii, amd Pue11to- Rico; fully, without any complaints·, we de­ tic Airlines, Inc .., Mackey Airlines., Inc.; fourth, airlines operating between Flo:rd­ cided to let well emougb. alone.. As for metropolitan helicopter service:. Chicago da and the British West. Indies. the cargo carriers,. ially,l the local service o:r feeder gram. as compared with latest: available smaller ai:rlmes. to pr:ovtde mmre. and airlines. figures reveal interesting faets :regmrdillg better serviee~ The program has e:nabled these lines improved service being provided, for Autho:rity· of the Board to gua:u.antee to hold down expenses of obtaining wincb the industry gives much credit to loans under the l!93'i legislation expired eqm:pment: and has made possible better the loan guarantee program. September 7 ~ The :pending bm provides service with improved equipment. In . 195&, s.cheduled revenue plane­ for a 5:-year extensign and intreases the The Subcommittee on Transportation miles :flown amounted to 46,278,361~ This maximtml roans to any on.e earner :from am.d Aer(!)lllatu.tic& held hearing_s on exten­ egmpm:es with 91.'Z23.72.4: for the ll2- $5 million to, $10 mi:Ilion.. lit is: necessary sion of the present act and a number Qf month. pericld ending June 3.0. 19&1 ~ ln 18898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10 1956, the average route· miles in opera­ made in such form, on such terms and con• The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re- tion amounted to 20,000 as compared ditions, and pursuant t such regulations, as port the next committee amendment. the Board deems necessary and which are The Clerk read as follows: with 34,545 in 1961. Revenue passenger­ not inconsistent with the provisions of this miles in 1956 amounted to 448,036,000 Act. Page 1, line 9, insert: compared with 1,233,876,000 for the 12 SEc. 4. No guaranty shall be made: "SEC. 3. Section 6 of such Act is amended months ending June 30, 1961. Total pas­ (a) Extending to more than the unpaid by adding at the end thereof the following sengers carried during calendar year interest and 90 percent of the unpaid prin­ new subsection: cipal of any loan. "'(c) The Board shall make available to 1956 numbered 2,451,155 compared with the Comptroller General of the United 5,966,911 for year ending June 30, 1961. (b) On any loan or combination of loans for more than 90 percent of the purchase States such information with respect to the Scheduled flight departures increased price of the aircraft, including spare parts, to loan guaranty program under this Act as from 587,420 in calendar year _1956 to be purchased therewith. the Comptroller General may require to 1,071,873 for fiscal year 1960. (c) On any loan whose terms permit full carry out his duties under the Budget and The Civil Aeronautics- Board advises repayment more than 10 years aft er the date Accounting Act, 1921.'" as of December 31, 1961, a total of $30,- thereof. The committee amendment was 349,503 had been borrowed on such (d) Wherein the total face amount of agreed to. loans, with $23,379,152 still outstanding such loan, and of any other loans to the The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the same carrier, or corporate predecessor car­ at that date. These funds have been rier or carriers, guaranteed and outstanding Committee rises. used to purchase first, 33 twin-turbine­ under the terns of this Act exceed $5,000,000. Accordingly, the Committee rose; and engine F-27 aircraft; second, 12 twin­ (e) Unless the Board finds that, without the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. ALBERT] engine- piston-type- Convair 340/ 440 such guaranty, in the amount thereof, the having assumed the chair, Mr. GEORGE aircraft, which can be converted to tur­ air carrier would. be unable to obtain neces­ P. MILLER, Chairman of the Committee bine power; third, 3 twin-engine-pis­ sary funds for the purchase of needed air­ of the Whole House on the State of the ton-type-Martin 404 aircraft; fourth, 5 craft on reasonable terms. Union, reported that that Committee single-engine-piston-type-Vertel 44B (f) Unless the Board finds that the air­ having had under consideration the bill helicopters, and fifth, 1 twin-turbine­ craft to be purchased with the guaranteed - munities, · the States, and the Federal there be se.t up another of these advisory erating family health service clinics and Government. committees under the terms. of this. leg­ special projects to improve hearth serv- The movement of the migrants from islation but I do not find. the provision ices for and the health conditions of State to State makes their welfare an for an advisory committee in the legisla­ domestic agricultural migratory workers interstate concern, deserving of Federal tion itse1L Was the advisory committee and their families. It authorizes an ap- notice and effort. The communities in stricken from the legislation2 propriation of up to $3 million for the which migrants work cannot be expected Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama ~ That, is :fiscai year ending June 30, 1963, and for to shoulder the entire burden of health correct. each of tl'le 2. following :fiscal years. care and other services. At present. the Mr. GROSS. I am glad to. hear that. The legjslation also authorizes the responsibility must, rest with all of us­ Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama~ I thank Surgeon Gene:ral to encourage and coop- the growers for whom the migrants the gentleman. erate in intrastate and interstate pro- work, the towns and States through Mr. GROSS. At least that portion of grams for the purpose of improving the which they must pass, and the -Nation the, money that might otherwise be spent health conditions of migratory workers for whom they produce. on an advisory committee can be used to and their families. It is not intended that the Federal take care of the health needs of the The terms of the legislation provide for Government will take over the :financial migratory workers~ sharing of project costs between the Fed- burdens already assumed by the States Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I will say eral Government and the project grant and local agencies, but instead, through to the gentleman also that the commit­ appUcant. While no specific State or the provision of project grants, to stim­ tee made a change so far as the life of local matching is required by the legis- ulate new migrant health activity with the program is concerned and instead lation, it is anticipated that State and the resulting projects becoming self­ of making- it permanent legislation, only local contributions of funds •. personnel, sustaining in the future wherever pas­ gave it 3 years of life so that we can. take services, facilities, and equipment will siple~ a look at the program. to see if it is car­ exceed the amount of Federal grants. The million American farm migrants ried out PFoperly. State and local health and welfare need a decent apd healthy environment, Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. . Chair­ agencies, growers' associations, health and a chance to avoid those illnesses man, will the gentleman yield? and welfare councils,_medical societies, which can so easily be prevented, but Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I! am glad · educational institutions, and other quali- are a constant plague to them. to yield to the gentleman from Florida, :fied community groups wouid be· eligible The poverty of these migrants, their a member of the Subcommittee on Health to apply for migrant health. grants.. lack of health knowledge, and their phys- and Safety. This program places primary em- ical isolation and mobility, all tend to Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. . Chair­ phasis on the establishment. and opera- limit their access to community health man, I rise in support of this legislation, tion of family-type outpatient clinic services. Their poor health not only H.R. 12365, a bill to provide health facili­ services for preventive and curative care, affects their own lives and opportunities, ties for domestic migratory farmworkers. located where migrant families can but- is a threat to the members of the The plight of the migratory farm­ reach them easily, and operated under permanent communities through which worker is one which has received a great circumstances which make· their services they migrate. deal of attention. These people perform truly accessible. These clinics... already Ordinarily, communities in the.migrant a valuahle service to American agricul­ in limited use in such- places as Fresno, work areas have facilities and personnel ture and, without their services, millions Calif.., and Palm Beach County, Fla., designed to meet only the health needs of dollars' worth of crops would rot in have demonstrated that taking health of their own local residents. These fa­ the. fields and on the vine each year. services to the migrants either through cilities and personnel are not capable of This important segment of America's mobile· units or through temporary fa- meeting the health needs of large num­ labor force is skilled in many· respects cilities will result in effective use of the bers of persons who work temporarily in and the work of ·the migratory farm­ services offered. It is expected that tbis their areas. worker could not be performed by the will reduce the number of cases which Local laws and ordinances establish­ otherwise unemployed without loss of will have to be hospitalized, thus reduc- ing residence requirements for health produce a:nd injury to the vegetation ing the physical and financial burden care frequently bar migrant workers bearing this produce. otherwise required to be. borne by local from health services which otherwise These people are not only valuable taxpayers, doctors, and existing medical might be available to them. Even in because they are experienced in their facilities. those cases where loca:l facilities are particular skills, but because they are Other projects will focus on the devel- available to migrant-workers, they often in the right places at the right time. opment or- effective ways to help the are available at times, places, and under They make themselves available at har­ migrants to understand and assume conditions which result in the workers vesttime, then move on to other harvest greater responsibility in meeting their being unable to avail themselves of the areas . when the work is done. Moving problems. services. in three general areas, they travel thou­ Still other types of health activities President Kennedy, in his health mes- sands of miles each year. Their lives which would be undertaken include visits sage of February 1962, said that agricul- · are without the roots known to stable by public health nurses to migrant labor tural migrants an.d their families have society. camps; sanitary inspections of eamps, unmet needs far greater than those of The domestic migrant farm .labor worksites, and temporary rest stops to the general population. He went on to foree follows· three patterns of move­ assure the maintenance of adequate sani- say: ment. · The east coast stream works in tary facilities, including safe and ade- To help improve their health conditions, Florida in the winter and journeys to qua:te. water. supplies; an~ the ~xchange I recommend, in addition to expanding the the upper east coast and Middle Atlantic of mformatiOn between l'lealth workers special Public Health Service activities di­ States for the harvest periods during the in different areas to assure the avail- - rected' to them, the enactment of legislation balance of the year. The Centrar States ability of needed health services and to to encourage the States. to· provide facilities stream moves through the central eliminate unnecessa:ry duplication. and services· for migrant- workers. South and Midwest, and the west coast 18900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE September 10 steam of migratory farmworkers works agencies to employ professional, techni­ America. in Congress assembled, That sec­ the Rockies and the Pacific coast. cal, and supporting taff. Some funds tion 3 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of Being composed mainly of minority would be used to procure the necessary 1938 is amended by adding at the end thereof groups, and having little if any school­ the following new paragraph: supplies such as drugs to be used where "(p) 'Migrant agricultural employee' ing and knowledge of the English lan­ field treatment was administered, and means a person engaged in migratory agri­ guage, the migrant's living conditions some funds would be used for educa­ cultural labor, as defined by the Secretary: leave much to be desired in many areas. tional aids to demonstrate health and Provided, That persons coming from foreign Although the American farmer has done sanitation methods to migrants. It must countries as well as persons crossing State much to provide adequate housing and also be emphasized that these funds lines shall be included as migrant agricul­ sanitation for his workers, the cost of would not be contemplated for the pay­ tural employees, and in no case shall there such facilities is high. The average ment of migrant hospital bills. Should be included as migrant agricultural em­ hospitalization be necessary, it would be ployees any persons who have resided in the wages of the migrant laborer do not al­ State where the labor takes place for more low him to acquire living fixtures in each counted as part payment of the local than one year preceding such labor." area of employment, and the uncertainty share. SEc. 2. Section 6(a) of the Fair Labor of his return to the same area add to Mr. Chairman, this legislation was re­ Standards Act of 1938 is amended by strik­ this problem. ported from the Committee on Inter­ ing out the period at the end of paragraph Thus with little knowledge or interest state and Foreign Commerce after ex­ ( 3) and inserting a semicolon, and by adding in improving his surroundings, the do­ tensive hearings were held. The com­ at the end thereof the following new mestic migratory farmworker becomes mittee knows of no opposition to this paragraph: as much a potential menace to society legislation. Because of the interstate "(4) if such employee is a migrant agri­ nature of the health conditions of Amer­ cultural employee, not less than the applic­ as he is an asset to it. Migrant camps able rate established by the Secretary of are breeding grounds for chronic dis­ ica's domestic migratory farm labor Labor (but which in no case shall exceed $1 eases, many of them the result of ne­ force I urge your approval of this per hour) in accordance with recommenda­ glect and ignorance. Intestinal dis­ measure. tions of a special committee which he shall orders, respiratory infections, venereal Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I thank appoint. The provisions of subsections (b) , disease, diphtheria, and typhoid are com­ the gentleman. (c), and (d) of section 5 shall apply to such mon maladies in migrant camps. These Mr. BENNETT of Florida. Mr. Chair­ committee in the same manner they apply man, will the gentleman yield? to the special industry committees provided diseases are increased threats to the sur­ for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands by rounding permanent residents because Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I yield to this Act. Such committee shall have the of poor sanitation. Such diseases would the gentleman. same powers and duties with respect to the pose a serious health hazard to any com.. Mr. BENNETT of Florida. Mr. Chair­ application of this Act to migrant agricul­ munity if isolated. But consider the man, H.R. 12365 should be promptly tural employees as pertain to special industry problem as amplified by the constant made law, as its merits are obvious. The committees established under section 5 with movement of the migratory farm labor Federal Government should certainly respect to employees employed in Puerto make these funds available to assist fam­ Rico or the Virgin Islands. In determining force throughout the Nation. In effect, minimum wage rates which it will recom­ the migrant laborer is a carrier of dis­ ily clinics for domestic agricultural mi­ mend, the committee (1) shall not use the ease to literally any part of the Nation. gratory workers. This is a minimum standards prescribed in section 8, but shall To cite specific examples, take the case effort to eliminate some of the bad con­ fix the rates at the highest minimum rates of a 1960 diphtheria outbreak in a Texas ditions surrounding the use of migratory (not in excess of the rate prescribed in migrant labor camp. Seven cases were labor. section (b) (1)) which it determines, having discovered in migrant worker families. I have heard from the Florida Fruit due regard to economic and competitive con­ and Vegetable Association that since the ditions, will not substantially curtail em­ The third week a diphtheria epidemic ployment of migrant agricultural employees, had spread among 43 local residents, employer of agricultural labor needs a and (2) in making classifications shall do including 2 cases in an adjoining county. large number of workers for a relatively . so on the basis of the type of crop grown Five cases of diphtheria occurred short period of time migratory workers or on the basis of geographical areas, rather among migrant children in Dlinois. have been the inevitable result. The as­ than on the basis of classifications within Since the families of several diphtheria­ sociation has stated to me that its mem­ industries." infected children had come from the bers are "attempting within the limita­ SEc. 3. (a) Paragraph (6) of subsection Texas diphtheria area, there was thought tion of our resources, to alleviate the (a) of section 13 of the Fair Labor Standards problems that go with the migratory Act of 1938 is amended by inserting after to be some relationship to this new out­ "agriculture" the following: "(other than break. Later the next year, diphtheria labor stream." They favor whatever a migrant agricultural employee) ". was reported in a labor camp housing 75 appropriate assistance can be given by (b) Subsection (b) of section 13 of such migrants in Florida. Other diphtheria the Federal Government, and so do I. Act is amended by inserting before the period outbreaks have been reported in Michi­ H.R. 12365 is such a measure. at the end thereof the following: "; or (6) gan and California. It seems to me that the situation would any migrant agricultural employee". There have been reports of such dis­ also be helped considerably if an ap­ SEC. 4. The amendments made by this Act eases as typhoid fever, hepatitis, and propriate minimum wage law could be shall take effect on the date the Secretary makes effective his regulations defining Asian ftu spreading in this same manner. enacted. In January of 1961 I intro­ migrant agricultural employee. Mr. Chairman, the threats to the na­ duced H.R. 305, similar to legislation I tional health can be readily seen if the had previously introduced in this field. Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Chair­ health conditions of the migratory farm Although it is now too late to pass H.R. man,.will the gentleman yield? laborer are not better controlled. The 305 in this session of Congress, I hope Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I yield States have done much to improve con­ that it can be considered in its present to the gentleman from New York. ditions, as have local communities. Palm or in some modified form as a basis for Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Chair­ Beach County in my own district has an doing justice to these workers. To the man, I rise to support H.R. 12365. In excellent program, but much still must extent that such a law might result in the first place I want to commend the be done. With the interstate nature of somewhat more expensive commodities, distinguished chairman of the subcom­ the migrant stream, the need and justi­ that is the free enterprise system as it mittee, the gentleman from Alabama fication for Federal action is apparent. should be, passing on the costs of proper [Mr. RoBERTs], and the distinguished The program envisioned in H.R. 12365 working conditions to those consumers chairman of the full committee, the gen­ is one which would authorize an expendi­ who use the produce. This is preferable tleman from Arkansas [Mr. HARRIS] for ture of not more than $3 million an­ to a welfare or charity program paid for bringing this bill to the fioor. It pro­ nually for 3 fiscal years. Though this by general taxation. For the purposes vides for grants to public and nonprofit program has no fixed formula, it is a of the record the following are the terms agencies for family health clinics for program designed to stimulate local of the bill H.R. 305: migratory workers and for special proj­ funds in excess of those provided by the H.R. 305 ects to improve health conditions of mi­ Federal Government. A bill to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act gratory workers. I have long been con­ Under no conditions would these Fed­ of 1938 to establish a minimum wage rate cerned with the plight of the migratory eral funds be used to construct new applicable to migrant agricultural workers worker and his family and introduced buildings or clinics. They would be used Be it enacted by the Senate and House H.R. 8882 which is almost identical to to provide moneys for the contracting of Representatives of the United States of the bill before us today. When the In- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18901 terstate and Foreign Commerce Com­ possible if they are to serve the health needs Those services which have been made mittee held hearings .on this subj~ct, I of migrant workers and their families effec­ available to migrants are scattered, un­ testified and outlined the pressing need tively. coordinated, and inadequate, with little for such legislation. I was pleased that · This bill would give the Federal. Gov­ provision for continuity of care. Boisfeuillet Jones, Special Assistant to ernment a more active role in helping The migrant farmworkers and their the Secretary of Health, Education, and communities to establish migrant health families are in the lowest economic group Welfare for Health and Medical Affairs, services. Fed.eral grants to public or of our population, and they are less able testified in support of my bill, H.R. 8882. · nonprofit agencies could stimulate the to pay for their health care than most The fact that there is an imperative development of .special services for mi­ people, although their need for it is need for legislation concerning the grants which might never be developed greater. Their substandard living and health of migratory workers is indisput­ simply because the money required is not working conditions make them more vul­ able. available. Federal project grants and nerable to sickness and accidents, and It seems unbelievable that in this day technical assistance would be used in they do not receive preventive attention, and age there could be a group of people conjunction with established community such as innoculations and prenatal care, in this country whose level of health health services to encourage and assist that most people can take for granted. compares to that of the general popula­ them in family health service clinics Because of this, and because they often tion in the year 1900. Back in 1900 the geared to meet the special needs of the do not receive medical care for an illness communicable diseases were the leading migrant and his family. This bill also until it has become quite serious, they causes of death in this country. These provides for special project grants to are more likely to need hospitalization, diseases included influenza and pneu­ d.evelop improved methods of providing frequently as emergency cases. Since monia, tuberculosis, and the infectious health services for migrants and for they can rarely pay for their care, un­ digestive diseases such as diarrhea and training personnel especially to serve paid hospital and medical bills of mi­ gastritis, and so forth. We have con­ them. grant workers have become a matter quered most of these diseases through Mr. Chairman, in 1843 Thomas Carlyle of concern for hospitals in rural areas sanitation, better nutritiop, and immu­ described the life of' the worker of his and for the communities as well. nization. Yet today these are still the day in the following words: The fact that many of the migrant diseases which plague the migrant It is not to . die or even to die of hunger 'Workers, although they are American worker and his family. 'that makes a man wretched. Many men citizens, do not speak English, and often The President's Commission on Mi­ have died. But it is to live miserably and do not understand or appreciate health gratory Labor reported in 1951 that in­ know not w_hy, to work more and gain and sanitation requirements aggravates fant mortality, maternal mortality, dys­ nothing; to be heart worn, weary, yet isolated the difficulties. entery, smallpox, and typhoid were far and unrelated. The imperative need for a health pro­ more prevalent among migatory workers These words could have been written · gram for our domestic migrant agricul­ than among the general population. today to describe the life of the migrant tural workers is more apparent by con­ More recent State and local surveys in­ farmworker in the United States. H.R. trast with the provisions made for health dicate that this situation has not im­ 12365 is a step in the direction of chang­ services for foreign migrant agricultural proved in the last 10 years. l.ng that life and bringing the migrant workers who come to the United States Migrants usually work in rural coun­ farmworker into the 20th century. I temporarily to work on our farms. Over ties or in remote areas where the serv­ urge all my colleagues to support this 300,000 workers enter the country each ices of public health nurses and doctors measure. year from Mexico and the British West are not readily available. They live ori Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. I thank Indies, and they are protected by con­ the fringes of our communities, stran­ the gentleman and appreciate his sup­ tracts which guarantee them medical gers to basic health services which the port of the legislation. care and accident insurance. rest of us have accepted and known all Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Chairman, I Both of these groups, the domestic and our lives. They usually remain stran­ yield myself such time as I may require. the foreign agricultural workers, are' re­ gers because they do not have access to · Mr. Chairman, the Subcommittee on quired by our economy. Our agricul­ these health services. Sometimes it is Health and Safety, of which I have the ture depends on the ready availability of simply because they have no means ·of honor to be the ranking Republican mobile workers, particularly at harvest transportation from a labor camp to a member, has considered this legislation time, and it would be a great loss if these doctor or a health center. Again, since rather. extensively and has held rather skilled workers were not ready to they are unaccustomed to regular health extensive hearings. The committee is gather the crops. care, they may not use preventive health unanimous in reporting the legislation Because these workers are necessary; services, or take care of a medical prob­ to the parent committee, and the parent because they have serious health handi­ lem in its early stages, beca~se to do so committee also reported the legislation caps; because their requirements cannot would mean the loss of part of their out unanimously. be fulfilled by States or local communi­ meager earnings. Mr. Chairman, this bill represents an ties without help; and because of their It is also quite often impossible for effort to alleviate the serious health interstate movement, the Federal Gov­ communities to stretch their health serv­ problems of our domestic agricultural ernment has an obligation to assist in ices to meet the seasonal impact of mi­ migratory workers and their families. providing health care. grant groups. Some communities have Almost a million of these people live This bill would give such assistance meager health resources even for perma­ and work for short periods of time, through grants to States, local communi­ nent residents. Another part of the chiefly during harvest seasons, in nearly ties, and nonprofit organizations. The problem is that no single community or one-third of the counties in the various States and local areas would retain the State feels that this is its problem alone. States. Neither these States nor the responsibility and the authority to plan The Secretary of Health, Education, local communities ean take care of the and carry out the programs. The Fed­ and Welfare, Abraham Ribicoff, in testi­ health requirements of the large number eral Government would assist financially, ·fying before the Seriate Subcommittee on of men, women, and children who are provide leadership in finding solutions to Migratory Labor last year, described there only temporarily and then move migrant health problems, help to coordi­ some of the he~lth problems of migra­ on to other places to work. Their fa­ nate health services for migrants so as tory workers. He said: cilities and personnel are designed for to eliminate gaps and avoid duplications, Migrant .workers and their families are local residents, and are not equipped to ·and promote interagency, inter-State more vulnerable than the general population take care of the additional load: · and intra-State planning to insure con­ to illness and acCidents as a result of their ·Furthermore, these facilities and serv­ tinuity of health services as families substandard living and working conditions, ices are not available at times when the move from place to place. their own ignorance and poverty,- and com­ migrants can use them, or in places The bill authorizes an appropriation of munity neglect. Meeting their health needs which are easily accessible to them. Mi- up to $3 million for the fiscal year end­ is an almost impossible task for many of their work communities. . Some have meager ·grants are also frequently ineligible be­ ing June 30, 1963, and for each of the health resources even :t:or permanent resi­ cause of residence restrictions which 2 ·following fiscal years. Under the leg­ dents. Many require far greater expansion prohibit or limit the rendering of public islation, the PHS could make grants and adaptation of service· to the migrants' services to these individuals although to help improve migrant health condi­ special situation than is now realistically they are available to other citizens. tions. State or local health ·and welfare 18902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10 agencies, church groups, growers' asso­ . I want to say to the House. I think ·the tori workers. Many of the migrant ciations, medical societies and other subcommittee has done a commendable workers, while American citizens, do not qualified community groups would be job in its consideration of the proposal speak English and many of them have eligible to apply for grants. and recommendation to the full com- an inadequate appreciation of health Project grants could be used to pay mittee. This is, of course, confirmed by and sanitary problems, thus making it part of the cost of establishing and op­ the fact that the full committee-unani- dimcult for local health personnel to erating family health service clinics and mously reported this proposal to the meet the health needs of migrant agri­ other special projects to improve health House of Representativ.es and it is being cultural workers and their families. services for migrant families. considered accordingly here today. There is, however, an overriding rea- In addition to family-type outpatient Mr. Chairman, this legislation provides son why the Federal Government shm.ild clinic services for preventive and cura­ for a 3-year health program for migra- assume some measure of responsibility tive care, projects to extend public tory workers and their families which in this area. Our agriculture through­ health nursing services to migratory has been long overdu~ I would say to out the Nation .is geared to the ready workers could be set up under the pro­ the Members of the House that the in- availability of migrant agricultural posed legislation. Another type of proj­ stant program is a small point 4 program workers, particularly at harvest time. ect would provide consultation and aid for our own people. Since we are en- Crops worth millions of dollars would to camp owners and employers, on gaged in point 4 programs for peoples rot in the fields and on the vines, bushes, methods of improving sanitary condi­ all over the world, it is about time that and trees if these workers were not avail­ tions in labor camps, in the fields, and we are beginning to think about similar able in sufficient numbers at the right at temporary rest stops en route between programs for our own people. places and at the right times. work locations. The 3-year program which I am talk- Much of the work performed by mi- Programs to develop better coordina­ ing about would enable the Surgeon grant agricultural workers is skilled tion of migrant health services-geo­ General of the Public Health Service to work. It cannot be performed by per­ graphically and agencywise-would make grants to public and other non- sons otherwise unemployed without result from the bill. Health education profit agencies for paying part of the causing grave injuries and loss to the specially suited to .the unique conditions cost of establishing and operating fam- produce and to the trees, vines, and of the migrant population would be an­ ily health service clinics and other special plants bearing the produce. other valuable type of project. projects to improve health services for · There are important precedents for Hospitalization would not be provided domestic agricultural migrant workers Federal legislation aimed at meeting for, but we can expect that with better and their families. health and safety needs of individuals health care and preventive services, the The maximum authorized cost of this who are peculiarly involved in interstate necessity for hospital care would be program for each of the 3 years would be commerce. As a matter of fact the greatly reduced. $3 million. It is expected that $2.5 mil- origin of the U.S. Public Health Serv­ In conclusion, I should like to em­ lion of this amount will be used for grants ice can be traced to the urgent need for phasize that there is a long and solid his­ to States, local communities, and non- meeting the health requirements of mer­ toric background for our acceptance of profit organizations. All of these grants chant seamen. In 1798, the Fifth Con­ limited and appropriate Federal respon­ will be channeled through the State gress of the United States passed an act sibility for the health of migrant agri­ health departments. _ for the relief of sick and disabled sea- cultural workers. OVer the last quarter The remainder of $500,000 will be used men. of a century, many professional studies, to pay for special services of Federal Pursuant to this legislation the U.S. recommendations, and demonstrations employees. It is contemplated that sev- Marine Hospital Service was established have pointed to this fact. eral teams of Federal employees will be which was a forerunner of the U.S. Pub­ This bill would provide the kind of formed to assist States, local communi- lie Health Service. effective assistance that has been shown ties, and private nonprofit organizations Many of the same considerations which to be necessary. And while it calls for to coordinate needed health services for then were material in enacting mer­ Federal .financial aid and advice, the migrant workers in order to eliminate chant seamen health legislation are design and execution of the specific present gaps and duplications in these present today and warrant the passage health programs will remain in the services. of migrant worker health legislation. In hands of the States and local commu­ The Members of the House mig·ht well earlier days the utilization ot local has­ nities who know their own problema ask: Why another Federal program? Is pitals by impecunious, sick, and injured and resources. it not the responsibility of the States and seamen imposed an undue burden upon Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr. local communities to take care of the local facilities and resources. Today, Chairman, will the gentleman yield? migratory workers who come to these much in the same manner, sick and in.. Mr. SCHENCK. I yield to the gen- States and communities? jured migrant workers and their de- tleman. · There are several answers to these pendents impose an undue burden on !a­ Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr. questions. Domestic agricultural mi- cal facilities and resources. Chairman, I am happy to associate my­ grant workers numbering nearly 1 mil- The services of seamen were consid­ self with the remarks of the gentleman lion persons live and work only for brief ered indispensable to the uninterrupted from Ohio and to state that I, too, sup­ periods in about 1,000 counties located operation of our vitally needed merchant port this legislation. chiefly in 31 States. Ordinarily commu- fleet. Today we must recognize that mi­ Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Chairman, I nities in these areas have only health grant agricultural workers are required reserve the balance of my time. facilities and personnel designed to meet to assure continued operation of a large Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. Mr. the health needs of their own local resi- segment of the Nation's agricultural ac­ Chairman, I yield to the distinguished dents. These facilities and personnel tivities. chairman of the full committee, the are not capable of meeting the health The 84th Congress recognized the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. HARRis]. needs of large numbers of persons who interstate character of matters relating Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I want work temporarily in these areas. to migratory workers. Our committee to compliment the chairman and the Second, local laws and ordinances reported legislation which the Congress other members of the Subcommittee on establishing residence requirements for enacted providing for the regulation of Health and Safety of the Committee on health care frequently bar migrant work- interstate transportation of migrant Interstate and Foreign Commerce for ers from health services which otherwise farmworkers. their consideration and action on this might be available to them. Even in It is important to note that health legislation. This matter has been pend­ those cases where local facilities are services are presently being made avail­ ing before the Congress for some time. available to migrant workers, they often able to foreign migrant agricultural The record, of course, shows that the are available at times, places, and under workers who come to the United States. other body considered and passed a simi­ conditions which result in the workers Approximately one-half million foreign lar bill some months ago. Earlier, dur­ being unable to avail themselves of the agricultural workers enter the United ing this year, I directed the subcom­ services. States each year for temporary work in mittee to conduct hearings and give con­ There are additional reasons why agriculture. In 1961 they included about sideration to the proposal as there was these local health facilities cannot meet 300,000 Mexican nationals and a month­ much merit to it. the demands placed upon them by migra- Iy aver~e of about 8,000 British West 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18903 Indians. The contracts and interna• rise in favor of H.R. 12365, a bill intro­ eign to our American institutions. This tional agreements for both these groups duced on June 29, 1962, by the Honorable long-festering sore in our society and in of foreign workers guarantee them bene­ KENNETH A. RoBERTS, of Alabama, to our economy provides a propaganda fits that contribute directly or indirectly amend title m of ·the Public Health weapon for those who oppose our tradi­ to the health status of these workers. Service Act to authorize-grants for fam­ tions and ideals. Failure to take prompt It certainly seems reasonable to pro­ ily clinics for domestic agricultural mi­ remedial action may be viewed as a re­ vide similar benefits for our domestic · gratory workers. pudiation of our moral responsibility to agricultural workers. These domestic With Senator HARRISON WILLIAMS, Of our own people, thereby abetting our migratory agricultural workers are in New Jersey, I have been actively and adversaries in the struggle for the minds the lowest economic strata of our popu­ continuously fighting for legislation to of men. lation. Their health needs are great; improve the conditions of the migratory I respectfully urge my colleagues to however, they have little opportunity laborer. I have sponsored 10 migratory support the bill before us and to give and even less financial ability to meet labor bills personally and have the honor continued support to legislation designed these needs. of chairing the Select Subcommittee on to remedy and eliminate the second-class As I have pointed out, these needs can­ Labor, to which the majority of these citizenship of the migratory agricultural not be met adequately by States and were referred. worker. local communities without soine measure Senator WILLIAMS and I have met Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Chairman, I of Federal participation. It is contem­ many times both with the President's yield such time as he may require to the plated that the funds made available Committee on Migratory Labor and pri­ gentleman from California [Mr. HIE­ under this program will be used to pay vately to discuss and lay legislative STAND]. part of the cost of establishing and op­ groundwork to eliminate the plight of Mr. HIESTAND. Mr. Chairman we erating family health service clinics. the migrant worker. Our staffs have need to improve health services for these The legislation does not, however, au­ worked hand in hand until we have men, women, and children. The pro­ thorize the use of these funds for the reached this point. This great House of posed interstate program will fill a construction of hospitals, clinics, or Representatives is now in a position to void by helping State governments in health facilities. pass legislation favoring the migrant establishing and operating family health No specific State or local cash match­ worker, as the Senate has previously service clinics for over 1 million needful ing is required by the legfslation. How­ done. Americans. ever, the amount of funds which will be On March 7, 1961, I introduced H.R. I am concerned about the welfare of expended by the States, communities, 5285, amending title III of the Public all Americans. The interstate migra­ and nonprofit organizations is expected Health Service Act to authorize grants tory worker provides a much needed to exceed the amount of Federal grants. for improving domestic agricultural mi­ service. He works hard for· meager re­ Such matching will take the form of gratory workers' health and c-onditions turns and his mobile working conditions making available services, facilities, and and on February 15, 1962, I amended the have resulted in a lack of health facil­ equipment. Past experience with simi­ legislation by introducing H.R. 10027, to ities. We should and can do something lar Federal grants indicates that such authorize grants for family clinics for our to help him and at the same time relieve programs stimulate non-Federal expend­ migrant agricultural workers. I am the strain on local health facilities itures considerably in ·excess· of the Fed­ proud that Mr. RoBERTs' bill is identical which caimot meet their needs at har­ eral grants. to mine in most every respect. · vest time. Other types of health activities which My subcommittee held public hearings It seems. incredible that the Federaf would be undertaken include visits by in Washington and in New York City in Government should already be providing public health nurses to migrant labor the spring of 1961 to consider four mi­ funds to foreign migrant agricultural camps; sanitary inspection of camps, gratory labor bills. During these hear­ workers in America but not to our own. worksites, and temporary rest stops to ings I was in a position to receive and This bill (H.R. 12365) will correct that assure the maintenance of adequate evaluate much testimony regarding the injustice. Mexican and West Indies na­ sanitary facilities including safe and status of the migratory worker. During tionals currently enjoy these very same adequate water supplies; and the ex­ the development and consideration of services. change of information between health these bills, the staff of my Select Sub­ · This bill does not violate the impor­ workers in different areas to assure the committee on Labor visited migratory tant role of State governments in the availability of needed health services and work camps to make on-the-spot obser­ field of public health, for they will be to eliminate unnecessary duplication. vations. In· addition, numerous inter­ authorized to provide the actual health Experience has· demonstrated that· views and consultations were held with services. The interstate nature of the serious communicable diseases which af­ migrant families, growers, State and· problem has involved the Federal Gov­ flict many of the migrant workers and local health personnel, and others with ernment. Diseases are contracted and their families threaten residents in the firsthand knowledge of the serious prob­ carried from State to State by these permanent communities where migrant lems, includi:rag those relating to health, workers and an integrated program will agricultural workers and their families although, of course, the health bill was relieve much suffering. stop over in pursuit of their work: not specifically before the subcommittee. It has long been one of the tragic fea­ Thus, the legislation is designed to The evidence we received from this in­ tures of American society that, in many meet not only the needs of the migrant tensive research demands remedial legis­ cases, we show foreign peoples more con­ workers themselves, but also the needs of lation. sideration than we do our own. In the the States and local communities in· Out of all these studies a common con­ field of health, the American taxpayer which these laborers work · and through clusion has emerged, that these workers has supported extravagant programs in which they pass in pursuit of such work. live and work under conditions sharply other countries. I firmly believe that we Our committee has been unanimous in contrasting with our general standards should put our own house in· order first. favoring the adoption of this legislation of living. The time for study has now Whenever we can help our own people and I trust 1 that the House will over­ passed and the need for effective action we should, and I cast my vote for this whelmingly support the conclusion of the is imperative. Such action can only be interstate legislation in the knowledge committee that this legislation is neces­ activated through the exercising of lead­ that positive benefits to workers will be sary. ership by the Federal Government. the result. Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. Mr. It must be noted that the health prob­ Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Chairman I ask unanimous consent that lems facing agricultural migratory work­ in support of this bill which I ·have joined the gentleman from · New York [Mr. ers are not limited to any one State or, in sponsoring-a bill which would au­ ZELENKOJ may extend his remarks at this· indeed, any group of States. The scope· thorize an urgently needed and long point in the RECORD. of the migratory health problems are· overdue ·program of health clinics for The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection· interstate and can only be handled prop­ domestic migratory farmworkers. to the request of the gentleman from erly and effectively by Federal and State A tremendous gap exists today, Mr. Alabama? · cooperation. Chairman, between our health knowl­ There· was no objection. In conclusion, there has been a grow­ edge arid its· application to the health· Mr. ZELENKO. Mr. Chairman, ·it·is· ing public awareness in recent years that· needs of our migrant farmworkers and· with much pride and satisfaction that I the plight of the migrant worker is for- their families. These people---"because 18904 CONGRESSIONAL ~CO~-- HO~~ September 1 0_ of inadequate housing,. poor. sanitation,. services for or _otherwise Pl_lpr9$_g the _The· CleFk read as follows: substandard working conditions, and a health conditions of domestic agricultural Amendment offered by.Mr. HAruus: Strike lack of immunization against disease-· migratory workers and thetr families." out all after tlie-enactlhg clause and insert generally have a greater need for health. The CHAIRMAN. Under. the rule the the following: . "That title m of the Public Health Serv­ care than our population as a whole. Committee rises. ' ice· Act ( 42 U .S.C., ch. 6A, subch. ll) is At the same time, migrant farmwork-. . Accordingly the Committee rose, and amended by inserting at the end of part A ers are in the lowest economic strata of tlie Speaker pro tempore

TRAINING January 11, 1958: First FBM test flig:qt, ships are listed below with significant dates, The average preeommissioning training Point Mugu, ·calif. builder, sponsor, .and comina.Iidl?g officers. period fqr .FBM personnel is about 8 to 12 September 24_, 1958: First Polaris AX test U.S.S. George Washington {SSBN 598) months. Initially training w.as conducted by vehicle .flight, Cape Canaveral, Fla. · June 9, 1959: First FBM submarlne, -u.s.s. Keel lald, (s~~ note below), November 1, the factories -supplying the ·equipment but 1957. . the Navy now has its ow:n training facilities, George Washington, launched Groton, Conn. August 14, 1959: First air-eject launched Launched, June :94 f959. principally at th·e ·Navy Guided .Missile Commissioned, .December 30, 1959, School, Dam Neck, Va. After pretralning in -:test flight~ Cape Canaveral, 'Fla. August 27, 1959: First .seaborne launch o! Builder., Electric· Boat Division, General transistor theory, digital computing theory, Dynamics. Boolean logic, and electronic circuitry, FBM . a large solid. propellant ballistic missne (U.S.S. Observation Island at sea off Cape Sponsor_, Mrs. Robert B. Anderson. personnel get an intensive equipment train­ Commanding officex:s, Capt. James B. Os­ ing course. Maintenance instruction cul­ Canaveral, Fla.). September 21~ 1'959; First Polaris A1X test born (blue crew). Comdr. John L. From, Jr. minates in 'a course devoted t0 the function­ (golcl crew). ing 'Of the entire weapon system. vehicle flight, Cape Canaveral, Fla. December 30, 1959: First FBM submarine, First deployment, November 15~ 1960. J5UPPORTING FACILITIES U.S.S. George Washington, commissioned, NOTE.-U.S.S. George Washington, laid Support facilities include missile testing Groton, Conn. down as U.S.S. Scorpion, was later cut in two sites, naval shipyards, submarine tenders, an January 7, 1960: First inertia.lly guided and had a 130-foot missile section inserted to experimental test firing ship, and naviga­ Polaris test vehicle flight, .Cape Canaveral, convert the hull to the first F~M s-qbmarine. tional test ship. Fla. U.S.S. Patrick Henry (SSBN 599) Chief testing site is the Atlantic Missile March 29, 1960~ First iully integrated Ke·ellaid, May 27, 1958. Range, Cape Canaveral. Fla. The Navy com- . FBM system test. (A1X test vehicle launched Launched, September 22, 1959. plex includes launching pads, a missile as­ from U.S.S. Observation Island. Submarine Commissioned, Apri19, 1960. sembly building, missile checkout building type navigation, fire control and launching Builder, 'Electric Boat Division, General and associated supply and maintenance eq•1ipment used. Missile inertially guided.) Dynamics . . buildings and shops. April 14, 1960: First successful underwater Sponsor,Mrs. Leslie C. Arends. "J.S.S. Observation I.sland (each 154) ex­ launch of a. large solid propellant ballistic Commanding omcers, Capt. Harold E. Shear perimental missile test firing ship is based missile" San Clemente Island" Calif. (Po­ (blue crew), Comdr. :Robert L. J. Long (gold at Port Canaveral. The ship, a post-World laris flight test vehicle using reduced quan­ crew). War II Mariner class cargo ship modified ex­ tity of propellant to produce planned 23 First deployment, December 30, 1960. tensively to serve .as a firing test ship, has second flight. Launched from static under­ tt complete submarine type fire control, navi­ water launcher.) -u.s.s. Theodore R.oosevelt (-SSB.N 600) gation and launching system. The ship April 25, 1960: First 1000 nautical mile Keel laid, May 20, 1958. serves as both a floating launch complex for Polaris test vehicle flight. · Launched, October 3, 1959. missile flight testing and as -a working exam­ July 20, 1960: First launch nf Polaris test Commissioned, February 13, 1961. ple of the kind of installation which could vehicle from submerged nuclear FBM sub­ Builder Mare .Island Naval Shipyard. be placed aboard surface ships. Obse.rv.ation marine (U.S.S. George Washington) at sea off Sponsor, Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth . .I.sland has served the additional role as float­ Cape Canaveral, Fla. (Second Polaris launch Commanding officers, Capt. William E. ing school for training. FBM submarine same date, 2 hours 53 minutes after fir-st). Sims (blue crew), Comdr. Oliver H. Perry, crews and will .be the seagoing link between October 15-18, 1960: U.S.S. Patrick .Henry Jr. (gold crew). the Atlantic Missile Range and FBM sub­ 'Successfully fired four Polaris test vehicles First deployment~ July 19. 1961. marines as they visit the Cape for tr.aining 500 miles at sea under operational rather U.S.S. Robert E. Lee (SSBN 601) with missiles~ than test conditions. Flight tests of Polaris are conducted at November 10.. 1960: First test vehicle in Keel laid, August 25, 1958. Cape Canaveral. Other tests on various parts the second generation 1,500 nautical mile Launched, December 18, 1959. of the missile· have been conducted at Point range Polaris A-2 was successfully launched Commissioned, September 16, 1960. Mugu, Sacramento. San Francisco, .and China at Cape Canaveral, Fla., missile went over Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Lake in California, at San Clemente Island 1,400 nautical mile.s. Dock. off the California coast, and in Carderock and November 15, 1960: u.s.s, George Wash­ Sponsor, Mrs. Hanson E. Ely. Cumberland, Md, ington (SSBN -598) departed Charleston, S.C., Commanding officers. Comdr. Reuban F. Among naval 'Shipyards being equipped to to go on operational patrol. Woodall {blue crew); Comdr. ,Joseph Wil­ meet the special requirements of the FBM December 30, 1960: U.S .S. Patrick Henry liams, Jr. (gold crew~. submarines are Portsmouth, N.H., and Char­ (SSBN 599) departed Charleston, S.C., to go First deployment, May 2, 196L leston, S.C. on operational patrol. U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln (SSBN£02) A naval weapons annex at the Naval Am­ January 21, 1961: U.S.S. George Washing· Keel laid, November 1, 1958. munition Depot~ CharlestonJ serves as a mis­ ton arrived New London, Cnnn., having com­ Launched, May 14, 1960. sile assembly and loading point. Here ~om­ pleted her first patrol. She had been gone pleted sections and subsystems of the mis­ CommissionedJ March 11~ 1961. 67 days and had set a new record for length Builder, Portsmouth Naval ShipyardJ N.H. sile, 'including motors, controls, guidance, of time submerged-66 days, 10 hours. etc., are recllived ~rom contractor plants, as­ Sponsor, Mrs. Mary Lincoln Beckwith. March 3, 1961 ~ U.S;S. Proteu.s arrived at ·sembled, checked out and stored or loaded Commanding o:ffic.ers, Capt. Leonard Erb Holy Loch, Scotland. (blue crew); nomdr. Donald M. Mlller (gold aboard FBM submarines. March 8, 1961: U .S.S. Patrick Henry ·came The submarine tender, u:s.s. Proteus (AS crew) ~ off patrol and came alongside U.S.S. Proteu.s First dep'loyment, August '28, 1961. 19), anchored at Holy Loch, Scotland, pro­ at Holy Loch, Scotland. She bettered the vides supplies, service and all but major re­ George Washington's ·re-cord by staying sub· U.S.S. Ethan Allen (SSBN 608) p airs to the FBM submarines. ·This includes merged 66 days and 22 ho1:1rs. Keel laid, September 14, 1959. . &upplying missiles and loading them into May 2, 1961: U.S.S. Robert E. Lee .(SSBN Launched, November 22. 19'60. submarines. A second tender, U.S.S. Hunley 601) departed Charleston, S.C., to go on op­ Commissioned, August 8, 196iL (AS 31) was launched on September 28, 1961. erational patrol, Builder, Electric Boat Division~ General Construction of a third tender has begun, July 19, 1961-: U.S.S. Theodore Roosevelt Dynamics. CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT . OF THE FLEET (SSBN 600) departed Charleston, S.C., to go Sponsor, Mrs. Robert H. Hopkins. llALUSTIC MISSILE SYSTEM PROGRAM on operational patrol. Commanding officers, Capt. Paill L. Lacy, November '28, 1955·: Navy stated long range August 28, 1961: U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln Jr. {blue crew)·; Comdr. William M. Behrens, objective to develop a solid propelled ballistic (SSBN 602) departed Charleston, S.C., to go Jr. (gold crew). missile for use in submarine.s. on operational patrol. U.S.S. Sam Houston (SSBN 609) October 23, 1961: Firs:t .launch .of .1,500 March 20, 1956: OSD ·Ball1stic Missile Com­ Keel laid, December 28~ 1959. nautical mile range Polaris A-2 -test vehicle mittee approved Navy's solid pr.opellant pro­ Launched. February 2~ 1961. gram for component development to deter­ from submerged submarine (U .S.S. Ethan Al­ Commissioned, March 6, 1962. len (SSBN 608)) at sea off Cape Canaveral, mine-weapon system 'feasfbllity. Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry March 1956: Authorization recelved for a. Fla. December '7. 1961: Last production model Dock. navigation development program, a weapon .Sponsor, Mrs. Jonn B. Conn-ally. system test and development program, an of Polaris A-1 delivered. FBM surface combatant development pro­ . February 26, 1962: Rear Adm. Ignatius J. Commanding officers, Capt. W. P. Willis ••pete" Galantin relieved Vice Adm. William (blue crew); Comdr.. -J . .H. Hawkins (gold gram, and an FBM submarine development crew). · program . . F. Raborn, Jr~ as Director, Special Projects December .1957; SECDEF authorized accel­ Office. U.S.S. Thomas A. Edison (SSBN 610) eration of -the Polaris program to· achieve SHIP.llUILDING Xeellaid, March 15, 1960. eompletio.n of the ,first Polaris submarine At the end of 1961., 29 fleet ballistic missile 'Launched, June 15. 1961. weapon system in 19.60. submarines were authorized. Six were in Commissioned, .March 10, 1962. January 1958: Navy proposed that program commission, 'three more launched and an Builder, Electric Boat Division, General be further accelerated and augmex::ted. additional 20 were under construction. The Dynamics. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18913 Sponsor, Mrs. John E. Sloane. U.S.S. -- (SSBN 632) Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, there Commanding oftlcers, capt. C. M. Young Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding ck are few men in the newspaper profession (blue crew), Comdr. W. Dedrick (gold crew). Dry Dock. who have, as journalists, analyzed the U.S.S. John Marshall (SSBN 611) U.S.S. --· (SSBN 633) controversial problems of the nations of Keel laid, April 4, 1960. Builder, Electric. Boat Division, General the world with such clarity of thought as Launched, July 15, 1961. Dynamics. did John Pickering, newspaperman and Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry publicist. Dock. U.S.S. -- (SSBN 63"4) Sponsor, Mrs. Robert F. Kennedy. Builder, Mare Island Naval Shipyard. He was mentally equipped to serve in Commanding oftlcers,. Comdr. R. 'W. Stecher U.S.S. -- (SSBN 635) this role. He could category emotional (blue crew), Comdr. R. D. Donavan (gold Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & concepts of appeal to their proper rela­ crew). Dry Dock. tionship to the subject under judgment. U.S.S. Lafayette (SSBN 616) His articles were masterpieces of calcu­ U.S.S. -- (SSBN 636) lated facts, written for the average Keel laid, January 17, 1961. Builder, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, N.H. Builder, Electric Boat Division, General reader and expert to understand. He Dynamics. MAJOR CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES never departed from the core of his sub­ Sponsor, Mrs. John F. Kennedy. More than 11,000 contractors and Govern,.. ject. He held a high respect for men Commanding oftlcers, Comdr. P. Hannifin ment agencies are engaged 1n work on the who told the truth-and weighed the is­ (blue crew), Comdr. L. W. Zech, Jr. (gold Polaris FBM system. Some major contrac­ sue upon a balanced scale of human jus­ crew). tors and Government agencies are listed below: tice. He never permitted his own opin­ U.S.S. Alexander Hamilton (SSBN 617) FBM submarines ions to seep into his writings. He wrote Keel laid, June 26, 1961. exactly what he saw and learned through Builder, Electric Boat Division, General Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics personal investigation. He was a master Dynamics. Corp., Groton, Conn. Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock of the written word. As a writer upon Commanding oftlcer, Comdr. N. B. Bessac Co., Newport News, Va. political matters his statements were (blue crew). Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, Calif. terse and with pungent terms that gave U.S.S. Thomas Jefferson (SSBN 618) Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, a certain directness to the intended Keel laid, February 3, 1961. N.H. message. Launched, February 24, 1962. Submarine propulsion There is no question that his early Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, training at the Universities of London Dock. Pa. and Paris prepared him well, in a literary Sponsor, Mrs. Robert S. McNamara. General Electric Corp., Lynn, Mass. Commanding oftlcers, Comdr. L. H. Rath­ sense, for his chosen career. His serv­ bun (blue crew), Comdr. C. Priest, Jr. (gold Navigation ice in the American Expeditionary crew). Autonetics Division, North American Avia­ Forces in France, in World War I, con­ tion. Inc., Downey, Calif. tributed much to his experience. U.S.S. Andrew Jackson (SSBN 619) Sperry Gyroscope Co., division of Sperry Keel laid, April 26, 1961. Rand., Inc., Great Neck, Long Island, N .Y, He enjoyed a full life in his field. His Builder, Mare Island Naval Shipyard. newspaper career covered almost every Commanding oftlcer, Comdr. A. J. Whittle Communications phase of a working journalist. He (blue crew). Sylvania Electric Products Co., Buffalo, started with the Chicago City News Bu­ N.Y. reau, 1922-23; the Chicago Tribune, U.S.S. John Adams (SSBN 620) Princeton Labs, RCA, Princeton, N.J. Keel laid, May 19, 1961. . Bell Telephone Labs., Whippany, N.J. 1923-25; and the Paris edition of the New Builder, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, N.H. International Telephone & Telegraph Labs, York Tribune, 1925-38. His entry upon U.S.S. James Monroe (SSBN 622) Nutley, N.J. the USIA assignment took him to Viet­ Keel laid, July 31, 1961. Fire control nam, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. He Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Ordnance Department, General Electric Co., served as political writer for the Chicago Dry Dock. Pittsfield, Mass. Sun from 1941-48. He retired last year Commanding officer, Cdr. W. H. Sandeford Missile checkout as Director of the U.S. Information (blue crew) . Nortronlcs Division, Northrop Corp., Ana­ Agency for the Far East. U.S.S. Nathan Hale (SSBN 623) heim, Cali!. He served as campaign manager in the Keel laid, October 2, 1961. Launching 1948 political campaign for Cook County Builder, Electric Boat Division, General Westinghouse Electric Corp., Sunnyvale, State's Attorney JohnS. Boyle, now chief Dynamics. Calif. justice of the criminal court. His mas­ Commanding officer, Cdr. J. w . Russel Missile system manager terful talents played an important part in (blue crew). Lockheed Missile & Space Co., Lockheed the success of that campaign. U.S.S. Woodrow Wilson (SSBN 624) Aircraft Corp .• Sunnyvale, Calif. His next successful political venture Keel laid, September 13, 1961. Missile propulsion was in the Senator PAUL H. DOUGLAS. Builder, Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Aerojet-General Corp., Sacramento, Calif. campaign of 1954, handling the publicity. Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del. He had a natural knack of being able to U.S.S. Henry Clay (SSBN 625) reach into the common people's thoughts Keel laid, October 3, 1961. Missile guidance Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and shaping the publicity of the cam­ Dock. Cambridge, Mass. paign to fit their public standards and desires. U.S.S. Daniel Webster (SSBN 626) Ordnance Department, General Electric Co., Pittsfield, Mass. He covered the legislature during the 28. 1961. Keel laid, December Hughes Aircraft Corp., Culver City, Calif. Builder, Electric Boat Division, General sessions in Springfield, and was ac­ Dynamics. Warhead cepted and loved by the legislators as a friendly, confldent, and devoted member U.S.S. James Madison (SSBN 627) Lawrence Radiation Lab., Atomic Energy Commission, Livermore, Calif. of the third estate-the newspaper Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & reporters. Dry Dock. Instrumentation Interstate Electronics, Inc., Anaheim, Calif. The passing of this genius of th.e public U.S.S. Tecumseh (,SSBN 628) word is a great loss to his profession and Builder, Electric Boat Division, General the public good. His honesty of purpose Dynamics. PICKERING IS DEAD was never questioned. His loyalties re­ U.S.S. Daniel Boone (SSBN 629) Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask mained firm throughout his entire life. Keel laid, February 6, 1962. The high respect that was his will not be Mare Island Naval Shipyard. unanimous consent that the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. LIBONATI] may extend forgotten by those who knew him. The U.S.S. -- (SSBN 630) his remarks at this point in the RECORD people of Chicago and the Nation have Builder, Newport News Shipbuilding & and include extraneous matter. lost a worthy citizen, and the press one Dry Dock. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of its outstanding publicists, who U.S.S. -- (SSBN 631) objection to the request o! the gentleman honored their fraternicy. Builder, Electric Boat Division. General from Arkansas? We, the Members of the Congress from Dynamics. There was no objection. Cook County and the State of Dlinois, 18914 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10 send out heartful condolences to his lov­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask fill his part as a blocker, as an interfer­ ing wife, Dorothy, and to his daughter, unanimous consent to revise and extend ence man, and as a ball carrier. Every Mrs. Diana Greene, in their great loss. my remarks, and to include extraneous player was expected to work in coopera­ DEATH: THE NEW CRANCE matter. tion with each other and the other mem­ bers of the team to attain the goal of On this Christ-lost earth of strife The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Men want to leave this life. objection to the request of the gentleman winning the ball game. Old friends, day by day, depart from Iowa? Mr. Speaker, I believe that this is what To find new life, another start. There was no objection. is needed so much as we contend with the materialistic philosophy and the The pessimist faces death with cheer Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I Yet, doctors' hold it's mighty queer take the floor to make some comments ideals that are revealed by what I call a That when a pulse is going slow, today about a recent international de­ terrible modern tyranny, communism, as Hears murmers, names of long ago. velopment occasioned by the President's it is reflected in Russia. announcement or that deals with the Mr. Speaker, it seems to me that the Sees eyes, peering into space Searching for a friendly face. President's announcement in regard to actions of this administration might be Then, God, in His mercy, wise asking for a resolution from the Con­ compared to playing touch football. We Gives the sign-and this one dies. gress to give him authority to call up ought to know that we cannot stop the R.V.L. 150,000 reservists who would be ex­ offense of our enemies-the enemies of [From the Chicago Sun-Times, June 8, 1962] pected, as I understand it, to do duty freedom, of the democracies, of govern­ JOHN PICKERING DIES; FORMER NEWSMAN for 12 months, which period of service ments like our own-by touching them HERE may be increased. on the shoulder or by gently getting in John E. Pickering, 63, former Chicago Mr. Speaker, you will recall that the their way. In my opinion, we are going newspaperman and publicist, died Wednes­ President called 250,000 reservists to to have to adopt a program that indi­ day night at West Palm Beach, Fla., aboard duty, with another emergency, the Ber­ cates that we intend and mean to tackle his yacht Diana. lin emergency. It was the feeling of with determination this challenge, to Mr. Pickering, who retired last year as many in and out of the Government that battle with vigor the tyranny of the Director of the U.S. Information Agency for this whole Berlin question was not ap­ Communist doctrine and with the prob­ the Far East, was a political writer from propriately and adequately dealt with lems that are presented on the foreign 1941 to 1948 for the Chicago Sun. from the beginning, nor is it being prop­ He managed the 1948 political campaign front, and which in my opinion jeopard­ for Cook County · State's attorney of John erly and adequately dealt with now. ize in every instance the advances of S. Boyle, now a criminal court judge. He Some people have said that this move freedom and the liberty with which we also handled publicity for the 1954 election had a psychological warfare implication, could, I believe, bury the communism of campaign of Senator PAUL H. DOUGLAS, Dem­ such as impressing the Communist world Russia. In my opinion, we need to de­ ocrat, of Illinois. with a determination of an emergency to velop a better offense. The strategists Born in Kansas City, Mo., Mr. Pickering maintain a firm stand against the ter­ on the foreign front, which I think lies was educated at the University of London rible tyranny of the Red doctrine. to a large extent with our State D,epart- and the University of Paris. He served in to France with the U.S. Army in World War I. Mr. Speaker, my reaction this, if - ment and its advisers and the Chief Ex­ He worked for the Chicago City News Bu­ it is for the purpose of impressing the ecutive, ih cooperation with Congress, reau from 1922 to 1923; the Chicago Tribune Iron Curtain countries, I believe they need to develop a better strategy to win from 1923 to 1925, and the Paris edition would not be impressed at all. If they with freedom those goals without which of the New York Herald Tribune from 1925 are to be impressed, and I agree they we cannot have peace and without which to 1938. With the USIA, Mr. Pickering recognize power, then it is going to call we cannot have the more abundant life worked in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and for the calling up of a lot more than that we want for ourselves and that we Thailand. 150,000 reservists, which this calls for. Surviving are the widow, Dorothy, and a have demonstrated many times, we want stepdaughter, Mrs. Diana Greene. Mr. Speaker, I sincerely believe that for all humanity. Services were being arranged at the Mizell­ here is another example of touching a I raise this point of policy and Faville-Zern Funeral Home, West Palm problem without tackling it. Also, might strategy, Mr. Speaker, because I am con­ Beach. I suggest, it is touching it and tackling vinced that we have been floundering it too late. We should have been tack­ on the foreign front and because we have [From the Chicago Daily Tribune, June 8, ling this problem long ago, tackling it not come to grips with the problems that 1962] with intelligence and determination. As have been presented. I would like to see J. E. PICKERING, Ex-NEWSPAPERMAN HERE, another great patriot of another day has that strategy, one that would say to the DIES said, we should have been tackling it world that the United States of America John E. Pickering, 63, a political writer with a "firmness in the right" that we stands for those things which promote and former Chicago newspaperman, died understand and in my opinion much freedom in the world. This will give us June 6 in West Palm Beach, Fla. He had better than those of the tyranny of god­ both a character and a reputation, and retired last year as a Deputy Director for less communism. the prestige that we want and need I am the U.S. Information Agency for the Far East. Mr. Speaker, in my college days I convinced will follow. He formerly was a public relations man for played football-real football-under a We have learned from our history Senator PAUL DouGLAS and administrative as­ sistant to former State's Attorney John S. great coach, Don Faurot, who has a great that when we give freedom and oppor­ Boyle. record as a coach and who is, I believe, tunity to others we have more freedom He began his newspaper career with the a statesman in the world of athletics. and opportunity ourselves. It is tragic to City News Bureau in 1922. He was a re­ He taught us as college students on a note, Mr. Speaker, that the people of porter for the Chicago Tribune from 1923 football team to want to win and to win Cuba have been denied the freedoms that to 1925 and a correspondent for the Paris fairly and squarely. He taught us that have been theirs and the opportunity to edition of the New York Herald Tribune when we were on defense to tackle low, have more freedom and therefore the until 1938. He worked for the Chicago Sun in 1941, before joining the Information to tackle hard, and in every instance rewards, the advantages, spiritual and Agency. He was a veteran of World War I. while on defense to indicate confidence material, that come with freedom. Surviving are his widow, Dorothy; and a in ourselves and never demonstrate a It may be necessary to call up 150,000 stepdaughter, Mrs. Diana Greene. The body fear of the opposition. He always reservists. If the arguments that are is in the Mizell-Favllle-Zern Chapel in West started, too, with the first team-the presented by the State Department, the Palm Beach. Funeral arrangements were in­ best team. He taught us also how to win Defense Department, and others indicate complete. football games. Our winning teams had that, I will most surely support that. I a good quarterback who always was filled believe, however, that it is much more in with the strategy to be recognized in necessary to make clear to the world GRANTING AUTHORITY TO PRESI­ anticipation of what the opponent might what the American ambition is for our DENT TO CALL UP ADDITIONAL RESERVISTS , have and then to seek to benefit from a people, !or our friends, for our neighbors, sound strategy of our own. We had good and for all of humanity. This is not hard The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under plays and·everyone on the team was re­ for those who are students of govern­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ quired to understand the strategy of our ment. in this country to understand. I man from Iowa [Mr. ScHWENGEL] is rec- offense, and every person on the team think we need a proper revelation of ognized for 30 minutes. · was expected to know the plays and ful- these things and we need to promote the 196ft .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18915 America.J!l Ideal among ourselves and all The SPEAKER pro tempore. IS there can be sure t-hat .party members all over the over the world with vigor. with intelll­ objection to the request of the gentleman world a!'e so studying it. It is, after an~ the latest party d!Tective, and a very com­ gence. and with a. greater sense of' dedi­ from California.? prehensiiVe. one·. AlsO', a complete study cation. I believe aU of this can do mo:re There was, no obJectro~ would include' the l95"l declaration and than saber rattling and all the demon­ M:r~ UTT. Mr. Speaker, I have taken peace manMesto which was. readopted by strations of all the power that we·· can this. time to present tG the Members of the: 1960 conference- in Moscow. muster to enhance the caus:e of freedom. the House an analysis of the s.tatement Some elements of the American press have Let us note at.tbis critical time. and this of the Moscow Conference of the Repr~ labeled the statement. o! the 1960 Moscow is a critical time.. I believe, what Lincoln sentatives of the Communist and Workers conference: as a. new Com.munlst manifesto. Parties held on December 6, 1960. This Some reporters have go.ne so far as to say said on the eve of another great con1lict. it. ooDstitutes a. revision of Marxism. Gus These words seem in a way to leap out is an informative and frightening docu­ Hall, general secretary; of the CPUSA, refers and to speak loudly tG us today ~ He said ment.. The analysis comes from a high to. lt as a statement. There is no indication at the close of. that great speech at and unimpeachable. source and should that- the communls:t- themselves view it as Cooper Union: not only be read but studied by all Amer­ anything other than an advanced party Neither let us be slandered f:r0m our duty icans who are concerned over the· rapid directive. by false accusations· against us, nor :fright­ expansion of the international Com­ Many statements and demands in this 1960 ened from it by menaces of destruction to munist conspiracy and its subversive ef­ Moscmv; statement; are a repetition of for­ the Government nor of dungeons to our­ fects on our national life. It could well merly stated: goals and party inst:ructions. selves. Let us have faith. that- right makes Others are newly prescribed tactics and ac­ be called the second Commurust mani­ tions, to conform to the changed situation might. and in that faith, let us. to the end, festo. dare to do our duty 88 we understand it. resulting from recent international develop­ The international Communist organ.. ments, recent gain& by the Communists in Mr. Speaker~ these are eloquent words. izations believe that total victory for various areas, and sociopolitical and eco­ They are appropriate. They need to be them is i:n the final countdown, The nomic trends in the United States. It is thought on and acted on. · chief target o.f this conspiracy is the noteworthy that, although the Moscow con­ Mr. Speaker, the question I would like United States of America, and that the ference convened before· our November elec­ to ask now is this. to those of this ad­ tions.,. their statement was not completed a.nd conspiracy is now in the last stage, for made public until a month later. Realistic ministration and to all who have a great world conquest, is apparent. If you will plannblg in the K!'emlin w<>uld quite nat­ interest, as all of us on both sides of the study this document and the analysis urally have.to take into account the outcome aisle have, in solving the problem. What thereof, you will readily see that the · of our presidential!. election. Indeed one is the American defense policy? Are we non-Communist world, including the might wonder that the Moscow statement to rely always in solving what appears to United States, is innocently or ignorantly was not delayed still longer, at least until be an international emergency by calling implementing the statement. President Kennedy•a Cabinet selections. were up reservists? more certain. One of the Communist assets of the It is noteworthy that each directive in If this is true. are we then going to· Communist conspiracy is its ability to give greater attention to the developing the Mos.cow statement is widely expanded have others. both individuals and or­ upon in various- Communist publications, in~ and strengthening of the reservist pro­ ganizations, do their work for them and, e-luding tllos:e of Red China-a refutation of gram, or just how are we going to deal thus, give the whole conspiracy an air claims or- differences between the Soviets' with this defense question that needs OWi of respectability. The work we are doing afma and that of the Chinese Communists­ attention?- for them is apparent on every hand, and Communist world domination. And when is our Government going to the following analysis will indicate at In its opening paragraph the. main themes write a policy statement that will first least 2(} areas where the so-called non­ are stated as~ of all help Americans to understand Communists are advancing the cause of "Topical problems of the contemporary . what our foreign policy really is. and one international situation and the further communism. The analysis. follows: struggle for· peace, national independence, that will help to advance our cause by "If a situation changes within 24 hours, giving a proper comparison of the ulti­ democracy, and socialism." then tactics must change within 24 hours."- Before continuing with the study, we must mate goals of the people of the two V. I. Lenin. first understand the Aesopian (or code word) great contending systems which dom­ The 1960 Moscow conference consisted of meaning of certain words in the above. · inate in the world of politics today representatives from 81 of the 87 Communist "Peace," in this context, is well known to A proper comparison of this, Mr. Speak­ and workers parties from around the world.. mean the final capitulation of the free world er, and its revealing to ourselves and the (Gus Hall, secretary of the Communist Party, to communism regardless of how it is world, will leave no question as to which U.S.A .• said the CPUSA did not attend be­ brought about-with or without the use o! way is the right way. This, too, I hold, cause of the McCarran Act.) As is the usual military force. case, .the Moscow statement was endorsed ''National independence" means the aboli­ would make us consistent with what our unanimously by the participants of the con­ forefathers had in mind for us and the tion of colonialism in all its forms. (Com­ gress. No dissent has been noted from munist forms., of course, are not counted as world when they gave us this great CPUSA. colonialism.) American ideal. They said it so plainly The Communist Party magazine, Political ••oemocracy" means, in particular, the in 1776 with the writing of the Declara­ Affairs, stated in its February 196·1 issue. overthrow of non-Communist and anti-Com• tion of Independence, and, my. how these "The document should be widely circulated munist governments through the pressures selfsame goals and ambitions were as... in all ranks of the people. All Americans of public opinion and popular or mass move­ sured and encouraged with what many should read and discuss it. And all party ments (which are, in the Communist lexicon, people in foreign countries have referred members, clubs, and leaders should study it democratic action). Democratic freedoms to as the greatest document on govern­ thoroughly. •• are most permissive of subversion, and the If this lengthy (20,000-word) statement is resultant public attitudes are most readily ment ever written, the Constitution of considered of such importance by the Com­ the United States. whose 175th anniver­ exploited for mass pressure against a gov­ munists', it is doubly important to the non­ ernment. Thus~ a democratic (in the sense sary we will commemorate on the 17th Communists. For from it we are able to tell of the word, not of a political party) gov­ of this month. exactly what we can expect from the enemy ernment can be forced into the Socialist camp both from within our midst and from around by slow stages, by legal means, if control is the world. It is the purpose of this analysis gained of the means for forming or even ANALYSIS OF STATEMENT OF THE to help the American public obtain a general pretending to represent public opinion. MOSCOW CONFERENCE OF THE picture of the current policies and goals "Socialism" is used in the sense that So­ REPRESENTATIVES OF THE COM­ which the Communists in the Kremlln have viet Russia is a Socialist state-the utopia set down for the world in general and the of communism not yet.having been achieved. MUNIST AND WORKERS PARTIES United States in particular. It is up to each HELD ON DECEMBER 6, 1960 individual American to take note for himself LAST STAGE The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under just how and by whom these Communist The following statement of the 1960 party previous order of the House, the gentle­ goals are being advanced on the American directive indicates that the Communist man from California [Mr. UTTl is scene. struggle has reached the last stage for world Despite its length, this analysis should not conquest: recognized for 2 hours. be looked upon as a complete study. It is "Our epoch, which is marked basically by Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ a mere summary of the contents of the the transition !rom capitalism to social­ imous consent to revise and extend my 20,000-word document. A proper study re­ ism • • • is an era of struggle by two op­ remarks and include a report. q\lUea close scrutiny of each sentence. One posing social systems, an epoch of Socialist 18916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 10 revolutions and national liberation move­ could do likewise. At this writing a number shall have to revise some of our deeply rooted. ments, an era of the overthrow of imper­ have already filed suits. traditional attitudes such as our rejection ialism, liquidation of the colonial system, an If these multiple suits involving many of compromise and our faith in extreme, era • * • of the worldwide triumph of so­ millions of dollars should cause bankruptcy ideal solUtions • • • they • • • [will] jeop­ cialism and communism." in the entire industry, it might be deemed ardize our very survival." The above phrases such as "Socialist revo­ necessary for the Government to nationalize · When the Moscow statement speaks of lution," "national liberation," "liquidation the electrical industry in order to protect revolutionizing the minds of the workers, of the colonial system," etc., need no expla­ the thousands of small stockholders as well it boasts of the unusual success the Com­ nation. However, it is well to examine the as the wage earpers. This industry is defi­ munists have already had in the United less obvious meanings which the above holds nitely an important branch of the economy; States. The workers, that is, the poor work­ !or members of the Communist Party. if production should stop in these electrical ing people, are led to believe that they are Communists take their line of directives companies it would soon stop in other indus­ receiving more and more social security from official speeches and statements. What tries who rely on their products. without realizing that this security makes is said in off-the-cuff press interviews and The direct blame in such an eventuality deeper and deeper inroads into their pay­ unofficial speeches is not the official line. must be placed on those company officials checks by taxes. They are led to believe The student may determine the difference by who pleaded guilty on nolo contendere. Be­ that what they get from government is free, this means; only the official speeches and yond their offenses in the legal and moral whereas in fact the government is a rather statements refer to Marx and Lenin. sense lies the fact that they have provided prolificate and rather inefficient spender of In order for the comrades to know the collectivist propagandists with the very sort their money. What is worse, many people exact meaning of current official statements, of ammunition the latter need to bring pub­ are being led to accept SOcialist ideas, ma­ certain key words are used from previous lic sentiment to bear for the nationalization terialism, and to equate personal desires with official statements, going back in most cases of major industries. American industrial­ civil rights; freedom to pursue happiness to the works of Marx and Lenin. ists must beware of any such practices, lest with the right to government guaranteed In the above quote from the 1960 party they share the same fate as the companies financial security; and equality of oppor­ statement, the key words are "epoch" and mentioned above. tunity with equality of economic status. "transition from capitalism to socialism." To Another statement in the Moscow directive These represent dangerous successes for the every Communist they have a familiar ring, aimed at producing public sentiment for Communists in their "struggle for the minds and in this instance are the source of great Government takeover of industry is the fol­ of men." encouragement to the comrades. Here is lowing: A further idea of the degree of Communist why: Lenin stated as follows (from "Founda­ "Capitalism more and more hinders the success In the liberation of the consciousness tions of Leninism," by Joseph Stalin): utilization of the achievements of modern from survivals of bourgeois ideology can be "The transition from capitalism to com­ science and technology." gained by considering two recent and ex­ munism represents an entire historical Already there has appeared in the Com­ treme changes In American attitudes: epoch. Until this epoch has terminated, the munist Sunday Worker an article condemn­ Had President Roosevelt, in 1937-38, in­ exploiters will inevitably cherish the hope ing science and research industries for al­ vited Hitler to visit at the White House, of restoration, and this hope will be con­ lotting so little profit sharing to those and agreed to cultural exchange with Nazi verted into attempts at restoration * * * persons in their employ whose particular Germany, the American public would have and after their first serious defeat, the over­ inventions have produced enormous profits risen in righteous wrath. But in the inter­ thrown exploiters.:...._who had not expected to their companies. vening 20 years, the public mind was con­ their overthrow, who never believed it pos­ This directive is laying out the line of ditioned to accept Khrushchev as a guest of sible, who would not permit the thought of attack, and the science industries must the Nation in 1959. They also accepted it-will throw themselves with tenfold en­ gather their forces for a counterattack if cultural exchange with the Soviet Union, a ergy, with furious passion and hatred grown they do not wish this industry to be taken country whose masters are on equal footing a hundredfold into the battle for the re­ over by government. with Hitler in ruthlessness and atrocities. covery of their lost paradise on behalf of When the Moscow statement says that Likewise, the American public has been their families who had been leading such a "capitalism will be defeated in the field of conditioned to forget the fact that an Com­ sweet and easy life and whom now the com­ material production," one must review the munist states are slave states. On the con­ mon head is condemning to ruin and desti­ present economic situation of the United trary, they have had their attention diverted tution. • • • For a long time after the States. Our troubles stem from several fac­ to the colonies, and have been led to believe revolution, the exploiters will inevitably re­ tors: The outgoing of foreign aid over a these people have suffered oppression and tain a number of enormous and real ad­ period of some 15 years; the rising trade com­ must be freed. The untold and numerous vantages: they will have money left (it is petition from countries having received this horrors occurring behind the Iron Curtain impossible to abolish money all at once), aid; the rising unemployment caused by the go unheeded. (This myopia toward Com­ some movable property, often of considerable above; the fiight of investments abroad; the munist atrocities is aided considerably by value." :flight of gold abroad; the constant demand the high incidence of TV shows movies A study of the takeover of industry and for high wages by labor; the continuous rise articles, and books pertaining to Nazi and capital in Communist China will show that of taxes, especially on corporate income; the Fascist atrocities. during World War II.) strangling low rate of depreciation allowance the above Lenin statement has been duti­ FOREIGN AID fully followed. In the period of transition on new equipment; and the large Govern­ ment spending. The 1960 Moscow statement contends many industrialists and capitalists stayed on that- with their properties, managing .them for the THE STRUGGLE FOR MEN'S MINDS "American imperialism strives to dominate state until the properties could be taken Here we find one of the most important·' over by the state without undue disruption many states, using aid as its chief means. It aims of the Kremlin which is set forth in also violates the sovereignty of developed of production. (The subsequent fates of the 1960 party statement: capitalist states." the individual capitalists concerned varied "By force of its example the world system greatly.) Some pages later we find a contradiction to of socialism is revolutionizing the minds of this statement: CAPITALISM the workers in the capitalist world." "It is the duty of working peoples and all Continuing on the subject of capitalism, And: democratic forces of industrially developed the 1960 Moscow statement demands "na­ "In the people's democracies Socialist ide­ capitalist countries to give them [the recently tionalization of the most important branches ology has gained remarkable success in the liberated colonies] every support • • • and of the economy, and the democratization of struggle against bourgeois ideology. This to help them in the successful solution ot administration.'' struggle is a long one and will be continuec! tasks of economic and cultural renewal. This is to be done by limiting "the might until complete liberation of the conscious­ Acting thusly, they are defending the in­ of the monopolies • • * and isolation of the ness of the people from survivals of bour­ terests of their own countries." more reactionary forces." geois ideology." The first statement condemns American The U.S. Government is already in busi­ This aim was first activated by Stalin in foreign aid, and the second demands it. In ness in many areas, particularly in housing an order to Dr. Ivan Pavlov, the world­ the past, emphasis was on American foreign and real estate, and has been so for some famous Russian physiologist, in 1919. The aid alone. The statement now demands time. But now, bearing in mind the pro­ order was, "I want the masses of Russia to that all industrially developed capitalist claimed goals in the above quotes, one must follow a pattern of thinking and reacting, countries must be called upon to contribute. view with alarm the precarious situation in along a Communist pattern. All of them This acknowledges the industrial resurgence which the electrical industry now finds itself. * * * we must abolish individualism" ("The in Western Europe and the Communist need In early 1961 several officials of several con­ White Knights," 1956, by Boris Sokoloff, p. to drain their resources too. cerns were fined and imprisoned for price 68). Since then the project has been used fixing. Following that, in March 1961, the in all other countries in varying degrees of The propaganda to be used to sell the idea Justice Department joined TVA (Tennessee success. An example of its success in this of foreign aid to the public in capitalist Valley Authority) in suing 10 electrical country, i.e., the liberation from bou.rgeois countries (that is, to sell it to the capitalists firms for a total of $12 million for damages ideology, can be found in a statement by themselves) is contained within the same in price rigging. At the same time, it was Paul Kecskemeti, author of "Strategic Sur· paragraph which demands foreign aid. The announced that all the States, all cities, and render" ( 1958) , a Rand Corp. study made line for selling is "They are defending the all private utilities firms in the country for the U.S. Air Force. He said (p. 258), "we interest of their own countries." "1.962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18917 The contradictions within the statements unrest may be expected, especially on the particularly the Dutch colonialists who have above represent the intertwining of two Algerian issue. remained in its country. party line themes. One Is for propaganda 6. The powerful movement by the masses This refers in particular to western New and the other for subversion. Because the against the Japanese-American milltary am­ Guinea which remained a Dutch possession Communists openly denounce capitalist aid ance, in favor of peace, democracy, and na­ after the independence of Indonesia. to underdeveloped countries, the American tional independence, has developed in Japan. The following items appear much later public assumes it is an effective weapon The influence of the Communists in Japan in the text of the Moscow statement, but against communism and therefor supports has been growing rapidly. The successful' seem to have the same purpose: foreign aid. Meanwhile, party members and demonstration against President Eisenhow­ 15. The conference "' * • angrily condemns activists are more quietly instructed to er's scheduled visit to Tokyo in 1960 illus­ the inhuman system of racial persecution promote increased foreign aid to hasten the trates their success in fostering anti-Amer­ and tyranny in the Union of South Africa. drain of wealth from all capitalist countries. icanism. Greater unrest and agitation can be ex­ (Foreign aid, along the lines America has 7. Major strikes by workers have developed pected in South Africa. generally followed, was first conceived in the in the United States, Argentina, Uruguay, 16. The conference expresses warm sym­ Kremlin for the specific purpose of draining Chile, India, Britain, Canada, Belgium, and pathy and support for the heroic Algerian the wealth of the United States. The blue­ other capitalist countries. people. print for it was ·set forth by Earl Browder in Strikes, of course, are major weapon of It has been long obvious that the demand 1944 (when he was still head of the CPUSA) the Communists in capitalist countries any­ for liberation of Algeria is Moscow inspired. in the book "Teheran-Our Path in War and where. This may be, in part, a call for a By political manipulations among the allies Peace." It called for an annual export of stepup in activities and perhaps for coor­ of France as well in France itself, De Gaulle American goods amounting to $40 billion, dination of strikes in some of the areas has been maneuvered into the untenable po­ backed by Government finance.) named. sition of being supported by the left for The Communists can crowd many instruc­ 8. The actions of the Negroes in the his Algerian policies, and losing his support­ tions into one brief paragraph. Note that United States for their rights are becoming ers from the right. the word "successful" precedes "solution of more powerful. It is interesting to note that neither Na­ tasks of economic and cultural renewal." This is the only mention made in the tionalist China nor Communist China were This reminds the comrades that foreign aid Moscow directive of the race issue in the mentioned in this sweeping report. The re­ must be so administered that it will pro­ United States. But its meaning is clear­ view ends with the following: mote a socialist economy in the countries continue agitation in those regards. Com­ "The mass movement in defense of peace receiving it, not private enterprise. In this munist publications over the past 30 years­ is extending: It embraces all continents. light it is interesting to note the following and especially in the last 5-have promoted All this is graphic proof that the waves of the in the 1960 Moscow statement: racial strife in the United States in the name anti-imperialists, national liberation, anti­ "The West German monopolies, pursuing of Negro rights. Their publications indicate war, class struggle are rising higher." their imperialist policy, are trying more that they have organized the sit-ins, as well The interpretation of these words is sim­ actively to exploit the underdeveloped coun­ as other activities, to promote racial hatred, ply that the Communists are rapidly gaining. tries." and that such activities will be stepped up. But in the light of Communist statements West Germany is helping underdeveloped 9 .. The aspiration to unite national forces regarding the specific areas listed above, it countries with long-term, low interest loans. against Fascist dictatorship in Spain and is well to take note of a report in the Wash­ The United States, on the other hand, does Portugal is growing. ington Evening Star of February 12, 1961, not expect to recover what is advanced in This accounts for the stepped-up propa­ written by Staff Writer Earl H. Voss: foreign aid. Since the kind of economic ganda in the press, radio, and TV against "The Kennedy administration is compiling solutions West German aid promotes is not Franco of Spain and Salazar of Portugal. a list of potential crisis areas in the hope socialistic success, Moscow calls it exploita- The United States vote with the Soviet Union that special attention in advance can prevent tion. ~ and against Portugal in the U.N. seems sig­ their becoming acute • • *. nificant in this light. "Independence movements are active un­ AREAS RIPE FOR AGITATION-A REVIEW 10. The democratic movement is becom­ derground in Angola. Mozambique is.consid­ Within the first few pages of the Moscow ing stronger in Greece. ered a potential candidate for similar statement there is an interesting review of We may expect greater activity against the activity. The United States, remembering situations in selected areas of the world. present Greek Government. The World its own Revolution, 1s naturally sympathetic Most of these are areas of recent or current Marxist Review of February 1961 gives a to independence movements in Africa. The turmoil. Many of them are places where we short report of Communist successes in Kennedy administration hopes to identify can logically expect continued and even in• Greece of late. itself with the aspirations of the people creased strife. 11. The tyrannical military regimes of there. 1. Victory of the widely popular revolu­ Colombia and Venezuela have been over­ "But Portugal is a member of NATO and, tion in Cuba has become a remarkable ex­ thrown. in addition, controls the Azores Islands in ample to the peoples of Latin America. This is an apparent satisfaction with the the Atlantic where the United States has Partly the remarkable example is that the present governments in those two countries an important airbase. United States did not prevent Castro from and an instruction to Communists .both in "Strategists plan to take a new look at coming to power but, on the contrary, actu­ the United States as well as in Colombia how much the United States would lose if ally helped him. This was revealed by the and Venezuela to court the new govern­ Portugal were to oust America from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hear­ ments. Azores or pull out of NATO in retaliation ings. 12. A blow has been inflicted on the openly for some friendly gesture toward the inde­ 2. The anticolonialist movement for free­ pro-American puppet governments in South pendence movements in Portuguese Africa. dom and national independence in Africa has Korea and Turkey. "These losses would then be compared developed into an invincible force. Evidently the Communists feel that the with what the United States would gain, in This refers to the success of the Commu­ overthrow of Syngman Rhee and Adnan Africa and other areas, by a more openly nist line of anticolonialism and also to the Menderes in 1960 is a prelude to their own sympathetic attitude toward peoples living strong influence of the Communists in a complete takeover of these two countries. under colonial rule. number of the new African governments. The government of John M. Chang has never "The late Secretary of State, John Foster 3. The antiimperialist national uprising in been able to bring order to South Korea, Dulles, drew widespread criticism when he Iraq came to a successful conclusion. nor to end the student demonstrations. supported Portugal's sovereignty over Goa, This is an apparent satisfaction with the South Korean students have taken up the an enclave on the Indian subcontinent, to government which took over after the as­ North Korean chant for peaceful unification preserve Portuguese approval of the Amer­ sassination of the important members of the and the removal of U.S. troops. ican base in the Azores. pro-Western government in Iraq in July As for Turkey, since the Turkish people "The Union of South Africa already has 1958. are so adamantly anti-Communist, appar­ been the scene of widespread strikes and 4. The militant determination of the work­ ently the Communists intend to work demonstrations by Negroes against the strict ers is shown by the active demonstrations through a new political party there. An ar­ segregationist policies of the white Euro­ by the masses in Italy in defense of de­ ticle in New Times, No. 32, 1960, titled peans who control the nation. mocracy. "Operation Ataturk" indicates that Com­ "Most experts predict further trouble In January and February of 1961 there munist infiltrators will start a new polltical there and some foresee its turning into an­ were disruptive student demonstrations party called the Ataturk Party, or some titled other Congo problem in more acute form. against t l1e Austrians in the former Aus­ with ·that connotation. "From Iran there have been sporadic re­ trian territory of Bolzano. More demon­ 13. There is a stirring of the national ports of unrest and predictions of a coup strations and greater agitation is the Tyro­ democratic movement in South Vietnam on the Nasser-Kassem pattern. lean area can be expected. and Laos, directed against the American "Indonesia recently has received military 5. The struggle for democracy against the imperialists and their stooges. aid, including naval vessels, from the Soviet reactionary regime of personal authority in Daily events to this writing advance the Union. At the same time, agitation for France is increasing. likelihood of a quick Communist takeover annexation of West Irian or western New This is an encouragement to the French in these two countries. Guinea followed by charges of aggression comrades in their plan to destroy De Gaulle 14. The Indonesian people are liquidating against Indonesia in the U.N. Security Coun­ by political manipulations; greater internal the economic positions of the imperialists, cil and a veto by the Soviet Union is expected. ·· t8918 . CONGRESSIONAl. RECORD-· HOUSE Septemlier 10

"Strategists in Washington see-Red China's CULTURAL EXCHANGE ·basis for lnterptetatlon and must take it for shortage of food and raw materials as an "It is one of the greatest achievements of what it actually says ~ and from this his be­ incentive for expansion into southeast Asia. the world Socialist system that the Marxist­ ·uefs develop. Subversive literature in ge:n­ The Mekong River Valley would be a nat­ Leninist proposition that a lessening of an­ era.l, is not intended for changing opinions ural highway for a Communist Chinese tagonism among the classes is followed by but 'for forming them; ·in due course chang­ invasion force. a lessening of antagonism among nations." ing the basic outlook of the youth toward "The U.S. mobile reserve of three divisions, Here is another example of the Aesopi!'tn whom it is directed. Silil.ilarly, cultUral ex­ even if quickly transportable, would b.ardly language. Whenever any mention is made change is not, from the Communist point of be a match for the tens of hundreds of divi­ of Marx or Lenin within a sentence, the en­ view, so much -a campaign to sell their cul­ sions Red China could throw into the fight, tire meaning is the opposite to that written. ture as it is a way of subverting or unselling it is reasoned. Let it be put this way:- In our·own lingo, if ours; neutralizing national pride and patriot­ "If the people in the area could be inter­ one says, "Tell it to the marines," the trans­ ism is to make way for the vague "mass con­ ested in development of the Mekong Riv~r. lation is, we know, "It isn't so." sciousness" of Socialist patriotism and in­ with irrigation projects, power development, In order for the comrades to fully under­ ternationalism. and_ other measures, long-range strategists stand that ·the above Kremlin statement DISARMAMENT AND NUCLEAR TEST BANNING believe the Red Chinese takeover would be "isn't so," but is for propaganda purposes made less easy." ' The Moscow statement not only demands only, there is included, "the Marxist-Lenin­ disarmament but provides the propaganda of FARMER-LABOR PARTY ist proposition." fear to be used to attain this goal--on Com­ "Lessening of antagonism among nations" munist terms, of course. "The fraternal worker-peasant alliance, means, to the comrades, the reducing of the maintenance and strengthening of which "Monstrous means have been created for resistance in capitalist nations, in this in­ mass destruction and annihilation. • • • is, as Lenin taught, one of the highest prin­ stance through the. peaceful coexistence ciples of the dictatorship of the proletariat, Such a war would bring death and suffering theme, cultural exchange, and people-to­ to hundreds of millions of people, including has been consolidated under the leadership people, programs. Every Communist knows of the working class." · those in nonbelligerent countries." that the real Marxist-Leninist proposition The inclusion. of nonbelligerent countries Let us speculate on the above. The 1960 on this point calls for the creation and ex­ Moscow directive is geared for all countries. is an obvious threat to the so-called neutrals ploitation of class and race antagonisms in and, as well, to those countries not stated as How, lthen, does worker-peasant apply to capitalist societies. So contrary to the hopes the United States? Can this mean labor­ neutral. Great emphasis· is placed on the and expectations of Western societies, these danger of general and nuclear war: farmer? It states that the "highest prin­ programs are used by the Communists to ciples of the dictatorship of the proletariat "The arms race continues. • • • The bring about greater antagonisms, both American militarists are preparing to resume has been consolidated under the leadership among classes and nations, until they be­ of the working class." According to Com­ pernicious atomic tests, military provoca­ come so weakened and divided that the tions, with the threat of serious international munist publications, in particular Political Communists can take them over. Affairs of February 1955 and the Sunday conflicts, continue. • • • The lowering of resistance in capitalist "Demand the immediate prohibition of Worker of August 14, 1960, the Communists . societies is further indicated in the follow­ are preparing to set up a third party in the the testing, manufacture, and use of nuclear ing: weapons and all other weapons of mass anni­ United States called the Farmer-Labor Party. WORLD SYSTEM AND PATRIOTISM Can we interpret the above Kremlin state­ hilation. • • • ment to mean that the dictatorship of the "The great Socialist comity (Sodruzhestvo) "It is • • • imperative (that) this strug­ United States will come through the new has come into being and is growing stronger. gle must be waged with ever increasing Farmer-Labor Party? Political isolation and national egoism, drive." The use of the title, Farmer-Labor Party which are part of capitalism, have been re­ In the light of the above lines from the will serve a useful purpose for the Com­ placed by fraternal friendship and mutual Kremlin, one should take note of certain munists. Knowing that no people in the assistance by the peoples, engendered by the ideas expressed in a panel discussion of dis­ world including Americans would vote for Socialist system." armament at the Massachusetts Institute of and elect a political party openly called the The above explains clearly why patriotism Technology on April 8, 1961. The panel con­ Communist Party, they have disguised it by and American history are being played down sisted of Mr. Noel-Baker, a British member of simply writing out the Communist symbol­ to a great degree in our educational system. Parliament and Nobel Peace Prize winner; that is, the hammer and sickle which repre­ The 1960 Moscow directive demands socialist Dr. Herman Kahn, Rand Corp. physicist; sents workers and farmers. They count on patriotism, and goes on to say: Prof. Paul Tody, Harvard -chemist; and Rish­ the majority of the voters not recognizing "Manifestations of nationalism and na­ cad S. Leghorn, president of the Itex Corp. the written out symbol. tional narrowmindedness do not disappear It was presided over by Jerome B. "Wiesner, automatically with the establishment of the This particular passage from the Moscow - science adviser to President Kennedy. Here Socialist system-it requires a Marxist­ are some salient parts of a report of that statement is interesting from another point Leninist internationalistic policy of Com­ of view. It is one of those relatively rare panel discussion, as recorded by William munist workers' parties, education of all · Hines, Washington Star science writer, on cases wherein, in the midst of their generous working people in the spirit of combining use of the words "freedom, independence, April 9, 1961: internationalism with patriotism, and a firm "Referring to a speech here yesterday in liberation,'' etc., the Communists frankly struggle to overcome the vestiges of bour­ state that their aim is dictatorship. which Secretary of State Rusk spoke of the geois nationalism and chauvinism. tensions in Laos, Cuba, Congo, and Vietnam. USE OF ORGANIZATIONS "The time has come when the Socialist Mr. Noel-Baker asked: "Methods of management of the Socialist states, having formed a world system, have "'Would these crises have happened it economy and of economic planning are be­ become an international force, exerting a there had been no arms race?'" coming more and more perfect, further de­ great influence on world development." (NOTE.-There is no indication in the re­ velopment of Socialist democracy is taking The antinationalism line is repeated sev­ port that any of the panel or its moderator place. • • • Some functions of the state eral more times than I have quoted. It em­ even suggested that the implication in Mr. are gradually being handed over to social or­ phasizes this because the main aim of the Noel-Baker's question was incorrect.) ganizations." Communists in a world system, under Com­ Mr. Hines' article included further: A study of the functions of various philan­ munist control, of course; and education of "Dr. Kahn predicted a dangerous diffusion thropic and research organizations such as the working people along Marxist-Leninist of atomic know-how if arms are not brought the Ford Foundation, the Carnegie Founda­ internationalistic lines is necessary to bring under control through an effective agreement tion, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Amer­ that about. between the United States and Russia. • • • ican Assembly at Columbia University, the Educatton along these lines can be seen in "Professor Doty and Mr. Leghorn both Rand Corp., to name a few, are making the following which a small child in a Mary­ criticized the United States for an aggres­ greater contributions to the direction of land school was asked to memorize: sive military policy that creates tension. government. A large number of Govern­ If I love only myself, my parents will suffer. The Russians, for their part, create tensions ment policies find their beginnings in the If I love only my parents, my friends will politi<(ally and through subversion, and these reports of these organizations. suffer. · are comparable to what we create by such An example of organizational recommen­ If I love only my friends, my community activities as daily flying hundreds of bomb­ dations to government is a release of Feb­ will suffer. ers right up to the Soviet border, the two ruary 15, 1961, from the Ford Foundation, If I love only my community, my country experts asserted." which announced "a cooperative program will suffer. (NoTE.-Mr. Hines' article does not men­ with. 9 State legislatures and 31 universities If I love only my country, the world will tion any remarks by the President's science to provide legislative internships to 300 suffer. adviser, Jerome Wiesner, only tha~ he pre­ graduate stu~ents. • • • The interns­ Quite likely many American adults would sided over the panel.) majnly young lawyers, journalists, and po­ see nothing wrong with that little memoriza­ In addition to the overall war-scare theme, litical scientists--will be assigned by the leg­ tion exercise, and certainly nothing subver­ propaganda to be used to gain support of the islatures to work with standing and interim sive in it. Yet subvel"sive it is. The adult broad popular masses is that the moneys now committees and research departments, and reading something of this sort is inclined used for arms and armies should be used to in the offices of speakers, chief clerks, and to interpret its meaning according to what "raise the living standards of the peoples' other officials." he already believes. But the child has no masses. • • ·• It· is necessary in every coun- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18919 try to deploy a broad movement for the use could easily account for its vigorous but or the usual power groupings is to miss the of facilltie_s and resources freed through dis­ tota,Jly ineffectual activities. real meaning of the present-day world di­ armament for peaceful production, housing BASES visions. As a matter of fact, this is actually construction, health, national education, so­ a way of creating a smokescreen, or running cial security, development of scientific re­ Continuing from the above statement con­ interference for the camp of imperialism, search." cerning military blocs, the Moscow directive because it hides the true nature of this his­ Although the Moscow directive does not goes on to say that another threat to world toric struggle. For this type of valuable go into detail on the propaganda for di­ peace is the presence of the network of mili­ service, U.S. imperialism pays an annual re­ verting funds from national security pro­ tary bases which "Also threatens the very ward to the Yugoslay revisionists in the grams in individual countries, the themes existence of those states which grant terri­ form of financial and economic grants." above are greatly expanded upon in such tory for bases for the U.S. m111tarists." Are we thus to be encouraged to keep on Communist publications as the Sunday Threats against those nations where U.S. rewarding Yugoslavia for some valuable serv­ Worker and Political Affairs. As an example, bases are located, and demands for their re­ ice she is rendering us? There is no indica­ the Sunday Worker of March 23, 1958, pub­ moval have been promoted in the Communist tion that Moscow is seriously worried by lished with approval the legislative program press for some years. There have been nu­ Yugoslav revisionism; Yugoslav votes in the of the AFL-CIO which was demanded of merous demonstrations in England against U.N. on the side of Soviet Russia preclude every Congressman. Here are the demands: these U.S. bases, and in the November 3, any such conclusion. 1. Cut taxes on low and moderate incomes. 1961, issue of New Times there is a demand "All Marxist-Leninist parties independ­ 2. Overhaul the unemployment benefit that the new U.S. Polaris submarine base at ently work out a policy proceeding from the system. Holy Loch in Scotland be withdrawn. More specific conditions of their countries." 3. More extensive public works programs. recent demonstrations show an intensifica­ The above means to U.S. Communists and 4. Enact school construction bill now. tion of this effort. It is significant that activists that they must take cues from the 5. New housing construction drive. many of the demonstrators at Holy Loch are Moscow statement in working out definite 6. Aid for chronically blighted areas. being imported from England. plans of action within the United States. 7. Expand social security program. CHINA In turn then, loyal Americans in examining 8. Expand minimum wage coverage. It seems curious that the 1960 Moscow the Moscow statement must also consider These same themes are stressed in Gus statement barely mentions China. Here, how the instructions will most likely be ap­ Hall's instructions to the CPUSA in the again, is the technique of deliberate omis­ plied in the United States and at the same February edition of Political Affairs, 1961. sion; which seems to say in this case, "Not time look about to see how a good many of them are already being carried out. The re­ - MU.ITARY ALLIANCES forgotten, but not emphasized." "The people's revolution in China • • • mainder of this analysis will generally fol­ It is the aim of the Kremlin to disintegrate low that approach. the NATO, CENTO, and SEATO. The exerted tremendous influence on the peoples, "lines" are set in the Moscow statement: especially on the peoples of Asia, Africa, and USE OF NONCOMMUNIST LIBERAL ORGANIZATIONS "The system of m111tary blocs set up by L ::1. tin America." The' 1960 Moscow statement demands­ the United States is being weakened both by Students of the conspiracy will understand "The widest possible united front of the the struggle going on between their members the above since they are well aware that supporters of peace and fighters against the and as a result of the struggle which the Russia and Communist China divided up imperialist policy • • • is required. • • • people are waging for the abolition of these their work for world conquest; Red China The movement of peace partisans is the most blocs. • • • was allotted free Asia, northern India, Latin widespread movement of our times, em­ "The chief force of aggression and war is America, and Africa. Russia is concentra­ bracing people of various political and re­ U.S. imperialism • • • with the partici­ ting on southern India, Iran, Pakistan, ligious convictions and belonging to various pation of the imperialists in Britain, France, Europe, and the United States. (This does social classes, but united by the noble striv­ and West· Germany, has drawn many coun­ not at all preclude them helping each other ing to prevent new wars and insure a stable tries into the NATO, CENTO, SEATO." in any area.) peace." In the case of the NATO, it is being weak­ No mention of Nationalist China was made, This is a direct order to the comrades to ened particularly by the struggle-people are nor any reference to the controversy over work with non-Communists, and especially waging for the abolition of these blocs. The Red China's admittance to the U.N. It is non-Communist organizations, who have Communists plan to intluence the overthrow possible that the reason behind these omis­ been influenced to work for peace (at any of President Salazar of Portugal (the pirating sions may be that overt pressures are not price), cultural exchange, peaceful coexist­ of the Santa Maria focusing world attention desired on these matters at present, or that ence, disarmament, etc. This is an impor­ on the Portuguese dictator. (See Sunday for the time being the question of China will tant new phase in the conspiracy. Commu­ Worker, February 12, 1961, p. 6); and the be k ept on ice until the West German.issue nists were directed long ago to work through overthrow of Franco in Spain by legal means. is settled to Communist satisfaction. The front organizations, but not so strongly as (For exact details, see World Marxist Review, Moscow statement places great emphasis on they are now directed. Indeed, what is April 1961, p. 11 .) West Germany. called for now is more of an open coopera­ The United States plans to end further WEST GERMANY tion in many cases, rather than the subtle economic and m111tary aid to the Franco subversion and intluence which has been the "In West Germany militarism has been re­ usual case in the past. government and wm withdraw u.s. military born • • • under the command of Hitlerite bases from that country. generals. • • • The aggressive plans of West In this connection, it is useful to note the In conjunction with the Kremlin aims German imperialism must be opposed by the amplification on this phase which was against the NATO, there is presently vigorous united might of all peace-loving states." written by Gus Hall, secretary of the CPUSA, propaganda against West Germany and, to a There is a followup on this theme in the in Political Affairs, February 1961. He ex­ lesser degree, against President de Gaulle in New Times, No. 3 issue, 1961: "Can a Ger­ plains it in detail and says: France. (At present the Communists are man Peace Treaty be concluded in the pres­ "The united front must be a way of life supporting the De Gaulle Algerian policy.) ent situation? Yes • • • the year 1961 must for our party • • • so that when an issue Student rioting in Italy has already begun, see the German problem solved." does appear we will be in a position to deal and the Tyrolean issue worsens. If these It is well to note that the word "must" with it as a natural event in the course of member. nations develop internal political is used in both the above quotes. And the our regular relations with our [sic] unions, upheaval, the NATO will disintegrate. following are the terms demanded by the churches, or neighborhood organizations. . There are, of course, strong international statement: · • • • United front relations in the struggle pressures from Soviet Russia which also "The conclusion of a peace treaty with must necessarily start from the self-interest could cause the demise of the NATO. Germany, the transformation of west Berlin of the people we are working with. • • • CENTO is no longer a strong alliance since to a free demilitarized city." "The problem is not one of sending peo­ the revolutions in Iraq and Turkey. ple into organizations. Many are already SEATO, which has never included among YUGOSLAVIA there. The central question for us is to help its members the two nations in the Far East Only slight mention is made of Yugoslavia our members • • • where they are. • • * with the strongest armies--South Korea and in the 1960 party statement. It states This is the nub of the problem. • * • This Nationalist China-has been impotent in that- is the most vital element of our' work * • * preventing Communist victories in Laos and "The Communist· parties unanimously to build united front relations at every Vietnam. condemn the Yugoslav variety of interna­ level." Sometimes omissions from a Communist tional opportunism." Elsewhere in the same writing, and on the directive are as important as the inclusions. It seems significant that the Tito regime same general subject, Gus Hall says: There was no mention made of the OAS in is not condemned, even by inference. Only "Involved ln these actions are social and the above-quoted paragraph from the Mos­ the Yugoslav variety of international op­ professional bodies of a general character, cow statement. Nor is there noticeable portunism is condemned. such as church groups, organizations of comment on the OAS in others of their recent Political Affairs, ln the detailed analysis scientists, community institutions, fraternal, publications. This means that the Kremlin, of the Moscow statement by Gus Hall, has and other societies which express themselves with an eye to trends in the U.S. plans with this to say on Yugoslavia, and nothing more for peace in various ways and press on par­ regard to Latin America, expect to use this of consequence: ticular issues." alliance of Latin American States to further "To talk about today's two world coali­ The Sunday Worker of March 12, 1961, re­ their own cause in that hemisphere. It tions in terms of the usual military blocs ports that- 18920 CONGRESSIONAl.- RECORD-- HOUSE September 10

"Six of· America's most prominent -AFL­ __ back _to .Lenin. . ln- this cas~ the wox:ds are January .29, 1961, which states on page 9, CIO international officers and the American "system" and "states.'' Here in a little more "the United States 1s a colonial power itself Friends Service Committee have issued a call detail is what-Lenin said about coexistence; in Puerto Rico, Okinawa, and other foreign for a national conference of trade unionists which makes clear to any Communist that lands." The Communist aim is for inde­ on peace, jobs, and freedom, to be held 1n · it is a temporary condition and a tactic, pendence of Puerto Rico, the return of the Chicago on April 14 and 15 of this year.'' rather than a goal: Canal Zone to Panama, and the removal of The Moscow statement directs that non­ "We are living in a system of states, and . U.S. forces from.Okinawa. Communists are to be encouraged to work . the existence of the Soviet Republic side by The No. 1 issue of New Times, 1961, .con­ for the following goals: · side with the imperialist states for a long tains a two-page map of the world which in­ "All the democratic and peace-loving . time is unthinkable. One or the other must dicates all colonies and dependent countries forces have at present no more urgent task triumph in the end. And before that end _not yet liberated. (That term, of course, than deliverance of mankind from a world­ supervenes. a series of frightful collisions means to the Communists, taken over, colo­ wide thermonuclear catastrophe. • • • In­ . between· the Soviet Republic and the bour­ nized, or captured by themselves.) tensify the struggle for the abolition of geois states will be inevitable." INTENSIFICATION OF INFll.TRATION bases, which is an important condition for Every Communist knows the above Lenin the strengthening of national independ- statement by heart. They also know of this The 1960 Moscow statement demands "in­ ence." · further statement by Lenin on the same tensification of the work of Communists in It goes on to say that there can be no subject which Khrushchev has shown him­ trade unions, cooperatives, and among the peace "until disarmament is implemented self to be keenly aware o.f: unorganized population." • • • end of the arms race, the banning of "As long as we have not conquered the This, of course, is directed at all countries. atomic weapons as well as their tests and - world, as long as • * • we are weaker than Unorganized population can apply to the production, the elimination of fore.ign mili­ the capitalist world • * * we must know backward tribes, such as in Africa. But it tary bases and withdrawal of foreign troops how to take advantage of the antagonisms can and does apply to many Americans who from alien territories, the dissolution of and contradictions existing among the im­ are not affiliated with some large national military blocs, the conclusion of a peace perialists. • * • To accept battle at a time or international association. The application treaty with Germany, the transformation when it is obviously advantageous to the of trade unions to the U.S. situation is quite of West Berlin to a free demilitariZed city enemy ~nd not to us is a crime. • * • As clear; but how can it be applied to coopera­ • • • prevention of the rebirth of Japanese soon as we are strong enough to defeat cap­ tives? militarism." italism as a whole, we shall immediately take In the Iron Curtain countries of both Asia The Moscow statement says that these it by the scruff of the neck.'' and Europe, cooperatives usually mean farm goals are essential above all, and goes on to The Moscow statement of 1960 reiterates co-ops; and in newly taken-over countries say that-- this when it says: cooperatives are often established-tempor­ "The Communist parties consider the "The line of peaceful coexistence is a line arily-between capitalist industries and the struggle for peace to be its primary task. of mobilization of the masses. • • • Peace­ state. Of course, this kind of cooperative • • • They call on • • • all • • • peo­ ful coexistence * • • does not mean rejection exists only until such time as the state can ple, regardless of political or religious con­ of class war.'' take over entirely without disruption of pro­ victions." So important is the line on peaceful co­ duction. But the similarity of the word "co­ This is probably one of the most important existence, that the entire pattern of instruc­ operatives" to co-ops in the United States of the Moscow directives in its application tion on it is repeated--several times, perhaps in grocery and housing industries gives pause to the United States, and for that reason to make doubly sure that all of the comrades for thought. some of the demands have been requoted get the straight word on it. First the pur­ YOUTH here. It will result in a further encouraging pose is explained, the importance empha­ Although Communist publications have of liberal speakers before women's clubs, sized, and the manner of using the line is been stressing work with youth over the past men's clubs, and various organizations described: 5 years or more, the 1960 party statement throughout the country. These demands "Coexistence between states of differing makes only one reference to it. It states: will also be heard from the pulpits in ser­ social systems is a form of class struggle be­ "New opportunities have appeared to bring mons by liberal-influenced pastors and in tween socialism and capitalism. In the the younger generation into the struggle." political meetings of both Democratic and conditions of peaceful coexistence favorable In recent issues of Political Affairs and the Republican Parties. More and more Com­ opportunities are created for developing the Sunday Worker (particul~rly the Aug. 14, munists and progressive thinkers will be class struggle in capitalist countries and the 1960, issue of the latter), great emphasis has invited to address college students. national liberation movement of peoples of been Inade on the subversion of American PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE colonial and dependent countries. Com­ youth. These publications have also pointed m~ists consider it their duty to strengthen to the success of student demonstrations in The 1960 Moscow statement places great the faith of the popular masses in the pos­ South Korea, Turkey, Cuba, Japan, and the emphasis on peaceful coexistence. It goes sibility of strengthening peaceful coexist­ Congo at every opportunity. They congrat­ so far as to demand that this should be ence, in their determination to avert world ulated the American students who took part U.S. policy. war." (so successfully) in the demonstrations "The unshakable basis of the foreign Then, once again. there is a clear reminder against the Un-American Activities Commit­ policy of the imperialist countries is the to the comrades that the peaceful coexist­ tee in San Francisco, May 1960. Leninist principle of peaceful coexistence ence line is a tactic, not a goal; that it does These publications have quite openly laid and the economic competition between the not mean friendship with the capitalists, out plans for further, larger and more co­ Socialist countries and capitalist countries." but it is a weapon for the destruction of ordinated demonstrations in the United Since the Moscow statement repeatedly capitalism: States, "such as occurred in South Korea, refers to the United States as an imperialist "Peaceful coexistence of states with dif­ Japan, and Turkey." Gus Hall, in Political and capitalist country, there is no mistaking ferent social systems does not mean recon­ Affairs, says "not since the thirties has there their demand that we should embrace co­ ciliation between Socialist and bourgeois been such a growth of student organizations existence as our basic policy with them. ideologies. On the contrary, it implies an as now. • • • The party must give much Yet, in fact, the Kremlin would not want intensification of the struggle of the work­ higher priority for the work among youth us to practice coexistence according to ing classes and of all the Communist par­ in all fields of endeavor." Lenin; for Lenin said, "The existence of the ties for the triumph of Socialist ideas." Quite possibly nothing more was needed in Soviet Republic side by side with the im­ The emphasis is added. And the reader's the Moscow directive than the words "new perialist states for a long time is unthink­ attention must be brought to the repeated opportunities" to let their comrades around able. One or the other must triumph in use of the words, "states with different so­ the world know that the accent for these the end." The use of Lenin's name in the cial system.'' It is to remind the comrades times is on youth. statement, however, makes it clear to all never to lose sight of Lenin's attitude ·on INDIVIDUALITY VERSUS CONFORMITY Communists that the coexistence theme is peaceful coexistence. a tactic, not an objective. The use of the Individuality, of any sort, is anathema to coexistence theme as a tactic was first in­ COLONIAL AND DEPENDENT COUNTRIES communism. The creation of SOCial Or mass troduced by Stalin in 1951. The 1960 Moscow statement demands that conscience, and the sponsoring of conform-· The Moscow statement says further of "all forms of colonial oppression must be ity is directed by the following in the Mas- coexistence that it is "the only correct and removed." cow statement: sensible principle of international relations Aside from the liberation of African colo- "The harmful consequences of the indi- • • • which was proposed by Vladimir Ilich nies from colonial oppression in order to pave viduality cult • • • which shackles the de­ Lenin and further elaborated in the Moscow the way for Communist conquests there, this· velopment of creative thought." declaration and peace manifesto of 1957.'' demand quite evidently applies to and in- This is a self-contradicting sentence, but The current line is summed up by stating eludes certain territories under U.S. control. nevertheless understood by the comrades. these two alternatives: From reading other Communist publica- It contains both a demand as well as the "Peaceful coex~stence between states with tions, their use of the words "dependent propaganda line to attain the demand. It different systems or destructive war. • • • countries" and "all forms of colonial oppres-. explains why we so often hear the phrase There is no other way." sian" must be interpreted to mean Puerto , "suppression of academic freedam." from Again in the above there are certain key Rico, the Panama Canal Zone, and Okinawa.- those who would themselves shackle the words which cause any Co~unist to refer This is bam out by the Sunday Worker of freedom of professors and teachers who do 1962 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18921 not conform 'to liberal thinking. In other number of capitalist countries the working Kremlin•s plans if necessary and strategically words, conservative · professors and teachers class, led by its advance party, has the ·op- feasible. belong to the Individuality cult (condemned portunity • • • of winning power without 'by Stalin to Pavlov in 1919), and because . CiVil War, ana . Of insuring the transition Of ATTACKS AGAINST ANTI-COMMUNISTS they do not conform to the ideological lines the basic means of production lnto the hands There is one note of uncertainty in the followed by liberal professors :and "tea;chers ·of the people.'• 1960 Moscow statement when it mentions a they obviously shackle the -development of Which should cause us to look again at · growing awareness among non-Communists creative thought. such events as - the enormous possibility · of recent Communist 'flains, and a stiffening The attack against the individuality cult bankrupting suits against General Electric of resistance against· further Communist ad­ is also a demand for regimentation. Publlc and Westinghouse which could lead to the vances. Hence the demand mentioned in housing developments and even private tract nationalization of these basic industries. We · the preceding section of this analysis, for housing developments are contributing much should take note, as well, of localized de- action against reaction, that is to say, toward stamping out individuality. With mands for Government ownership. such as against anticommunism. The effectiveness the advent of tbese planned communities, that made recently by a teamsters union · o! this campaign, according to the Moscow planned comm.unity living follows; commu­ official for Government ownership of the - statement, will largely determine whether nity thinking, community recreation, com­ transportation system in the Philadelphia the transition from capitalism to socialism munity activities. area. Will be peaceful or nonpeaceful. The Mos- Next to the :abolltlon of private property, We should especially be concerned over cowstatementsays: which Marx put first; and foremost, the abo­ the attempts now underway to put the "In each country the real possibility of one lition of individuality is essential to· the Landis proposals into effect (without spe- or the other methods of transition to so­ Communist victory. This is the primary cificaily following the course of action which cialism is determined by concrete historical change necessary in human nature, in order was included with those proposals). This conditions. In our time, when communism to create · the Soviet man. For the Soviet is the attempt to ease the various Federal is • • • an actual social system • • • fa­ man must be of mass conscience, not of regulatory agencies, such as FPC, ICC, etc., vorable conditions are created for extending individual conscience. Unless human nature out of the hands of the legislative branch the influence of Communist parties for the can be changed in this regard, communism and put them under control of the executive resolute exposure of anticommunism." can never completely triumph. In this area branch.1 The "extending • • • influence of Com- of the conspiracy, Pavlovian theories as being If a Socialist revolution is to be carried munist parties" in the United States is practiced is making rapid gains, especially out by a peaceful means in the United States clearly seen in the many programs for in the United States. of America, what more likely ways are there America called for by the CPUSA in the REVOLUTION than these of insuring the transition of the - February 1961 issue of Political Affairs, which basic means of production into the hands of are already being pushed in Washington, Just after the 1960 Moscow statement was issued. many American analysts and observ­ the people? (In Communist Aesopian lan- D.C." The resolute exposure of anticom­ guage the people is translated to mean "into - munism "consists on the one hand of selling ers heralded it as, among other things, "a the hands of those who subjugated the peo- socialism and communism as the wave and new Communist manifesto," .. a revision of ple.") hope of the future, and on the other hand Marxism-Leninism," and the question, "A renunciation of war and violence as a means Now let us consider if this further com- of outright attacks against anticommunism. to their goal?,. We need, therefore, to ex­ ment in the 1960 Moscow statement might The Moscow statement says: amine most carefully those parts of the apply to the United States of America: "The interests of the working people, the 1960 Moscow statement which deal with rev­ "The working class has the chance • • • cause of • • • peace, and • • • Socialist olution and the overthrow of non-Commu­ to win a stable majority in parliament • • • ideal • • • demand 9- resolute struggle nist governments. As .it moves into this and create the necessary .conditions for the against antico_mmunism, thiS poisoned general subject area, the statement says: peaceful implementation of the Socialist weapon which ·• • • is [used] to fence off "The Communist parties, guided by Marx- revolution. the masses from socialism. The work of ex- 1st-Leninist doctrine, have always been "All this will only be possible by means of plaining the ideas of socialism to the masses against the exporting of revolution." the broad, uninterrupted development of the must be intensified." This might, . on the one hand, be inter­ class struggle of the working and peasant Which means we can expect efforts to in­ preted by the naive simply as a bland denial masses and the middle urban strata against crease the already prevalent teaching of of the Kremlin's worldwide subversive ac­ big monopoly capital, against reaction. for socialism in our schools, and even more open tivities; or even of some specific campaign deep social reform, for peace and social- than now, promotion of socialistic ideas in such as the loudly proclaimed export of revo­ ism." movies, television, and magazines. lution from Cuba to Latin America· in gen­ The agitation on the American scene The sales pitch for "explaining • • • so- eral. But it can also be seen as word to the against capital for deep social reform and cialism to the masses" remains much the comrades in separate countries that they for peace and socialism would seem to be same as it has been, but with an accent on must lay much groundwork themselves be­ apparent enough. The call for action against volume sales: fore there can be any open involvement of reaction is an urgent demand by the Krem- "Communism insures freedom from fear of the SOviet Uilion. Particularly this latter lin which is discussed in the next section war, lasting peace, freedom from • • • op­ interpretation could apply to the United of this analysis. pression and exploitation, freedom from States, wherein the transition from capital­ But before going into that, there is one unemployment and poverty {repetition here ism to socialism {which is repeatedly men­ more point regarding the Communist atti- of the same themes in different words] • • • tioned in one way or another in the state­ tude on revolution which is of particular rapid development of productive forces • • • ment) must be brought about, in part at importance in view of the many misinformed all-around spiritual development • • • de­ least, while officialdom maintains a.n anti­ reporters who interpreted the statement to velopment of all talents • • • boundless SOviet attitude. This means certainly that mean that the Communists have "renounced scientific and cultural progress for society. much of the transition must be brought war and violence as a means toward their All strata of the population profit from the about by legal means and by indigenous (i.e. goal." On this matter the 1960 Moscow victory of the new social order, except a small American) politicians, public officials, labor statement states: group of exploiters. This must be brought and professional leaders. For while the "It is essential to keep another possibility to the attention of mlllions • • • in coun­ Moscow statement says "Marxist-Leninist in sight--the nonpeaceful transition to tries of capitalism." parties head the struggle • * • for estab­ socialism." This is the Communist sales pitch. lishment of the dictatorship of the prole­ Is not nonpeaceful the opposite of non- The direct attack against anticommunism tariat in one form or ·another" it follows violent? The Moscow statement goes on to is spelled out for the United States in Gus immediately With "the forms and ways of remind the comrades: . Hall's followup instructions to the CPUSA in development of socialist revolution will de­ "Leninism teaches and historical experl- the February 1961 issue of Political Affairs. pend upon the concrete relationship of class ence confirms, that the ruling classes do not To be sure, some of Hall's writing is simple forces in one country or another." cede power voluntarily. The degree of paraphrase of the Kremlin instructions, such In what form might the dictatorship of bitterness and the forms of the class as when he says: the proletariat be established in this coun­ struggles • • • depend • • • on the strength "Anticommunism is a vicious weapon try? In the form, perhaps, of an overwhelm­ of the resistance." against peace." ing Federal bureaucracy directed by an ad­ What could be more clear than that? But Hall's instruction's are more clear on ministration biased toward or obligated to Aside from the fact that it 1s an almost "tl~e lines of attack: the nominal leaders of the working class? verbatim repetition of the Communist "Anticommunism is not a question for Such a form as this might allow for the P.arty line throughout its history, this quite Communists alone, but a democratic ques­ peaceful conquest which the Communists no clearly includes war and violence in the tion which must be the concern of all." doubt would prefer. The Moscow statement Hall names some ·specific targets: says, on this score: "The Un-American Activities Committee "The working class and its vanguard, the 1 There is a fine line of distinction be­ and its Senate counterpart, the Inter~al Marxist-Leninist party seek to carry out the tween Government regulation and Govern­ Security Committee," which he says, "wage Socialist revolution by peaceful means." ment control; which line must never be an increasing assault on the liberties of Com­ According to Moscow this now seems pos­ crossed if economic freedom and private munists and all other Americans. Both are sible because. "in present conditions, in a property rights are to be maintained. monstrosities which must be abolished." CVIII--1191 18922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10 The Communists have been out to abolish owing to the conscious policy of the Krem­ Constitution, and of the economic system those institutions and to neutralize the Fed­ lin; in the free world, owing to the growth which flourished under such Government to eral Bureau of Investigation for some time. of the managerical society" make this a great Nation, are just as sound More revealing of the increased vigor in the Considered in the above lights, should we today as they ever were. The question is Communists' struggle against anticommu­ not view ·with some alarm the request by whether or not, we, the people and our offi­ nism are the attacks in the months following the Kennedy administration for a marked cials in Government can or wlll put those Hall's February instructions on private or­ increase in the number of supergrade civil principles back into action. On those Amer­ ganizations and individuals who are trying service positions (along with moves to ex­ ican principles, backed up by the personal to stimulate popular resistance to Socialist tenuate the size and power of Federal bu­ integrity and moral courage of Americans, trends and Communist aggressions. The reaucracies)? rests the fate of this Nation and, in turn, February issue of Political Affairs was barely It cannot be overstressed that the fore­ of the world. off the presses when an attack began on the going is but a summary evaluation of the John Birch Society, a private organization 1960 Moscow conference statement. It is not dedicated to combating Communist infiu­ lmpossible that even some important points THE QUALITY STABILIZATION BILL ences and promoting constitutional govern­ have been missed. So important in the state­ ment. In quick succession there followed an ment to the conspiracy that every Commu­ Mr. MOELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask attack againrt a U.S. Army general in Eu­ nist publication reproduced it in its entirety, unanimous consent that the gentleman rope (Gen. Edwin Walker) who had directed as well as providing followup instructions. from Kansas [Mr. BREEDING] may ad­ anti-Communist information and indoctri­ If there is to be an intelligent and effective dress the House for 1 minute, revise and nation programs for troops under his com­ opposition to the Communist plans for the extend his remarks, and include extra­ mand; and against the Freedom Forum at destruction of the United Statesv this party Harding College, Searcy, Ark., headed by Dr. neous matter. directive must be studied as thoroughly by The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there George Benson, which has been working. for anti-Communists as it is by the Commu­ several years on an "American Education nists. objection to the request of the gentleman Series" which stresses the principles of lim­ What this statement is, is the start of the from Ohio? ited and balanced Federal Government, and countdown. There was no objection. of private and free, capitalistic enterprise. And we must look to other factors as well. Mr. BREEDING. Mr. Speaker, there That General Walker was relieved of his Herbert Aptheker, commenting on the Mos­ is a growing feeling among the American command and the John Birch Society has cow Conference statement in Political Af­ people that Congress and this adminis­ been pilloried from coast to coast reveals the fairs, January 1961, takes as his particular ab1lity of the Communists to bring non­ tration is antibusiness. theme the moral breakdown of the United R. J. Wilkinson, the executive man­ Communists and even anti-Communists into States. the struggle against anticommunism. The We are, he says, in "the process of rotting, ager of the Master Photo Dealers & ranks of the attackers range from house­ and the United States is suffering from a Finishers Association, writing in the wives, Members of Congress, leading pastors moral and ethical breakdown without a peer September issue of Photo Developments, and professors, to the high command in the in the major capitalist countries. The gives Congress a way to show that this Pentagon. This is the highest degree of colossal proportions of corruption in the image is wrong. All it has to do is enact Communist success--to maneuver and in­ United States is a matter of notoriety-it is fluence the non-Communists to do their the quality stabilization bill. a major national catastrophe. In simple but strong language, Mr. work for them. "Everything in our land," he said, "would A word of counsel and of encouragement seem to be fraudulent from underweight Wilkinson hurls a challenge to Congress to anti-Communists everywhere: See, first, to chickens to aerated gasoline, from coached and to our President. He says, "Let's see the correctness of your principles and goals, experts to ghost-written graduate theses, how really friendly to business our Gov­ then take heart from the diverse attacks from general business practices to price-fix-_ ernment people are." upon you for your stand. You cannot fight ing of trusts, from bought-and-paid-for a war without offending the enemy-and for I believe Mr. Wilkinson is right. I a time you may have to endure the resent­ State legislatures to 'reached' Federal agen­ have given the quality stabilization bill ment of some of your unenlightened friends cies and corrupt presidential assistants.'' long and serious study. I introduced it as well. Then Aptheker reminds the comrades of on August 31 because I am convinced The conference predicts: the fall of the Roman Empire. There is no that this bill is in the best interest of all "New victories of the world Communist doubt in his mind that the same fate awaits segments of distribution and the con­ and workers movement in its struggle for a the United States of America in the near future. sumer. bright future for the whole of mankind, and I commend you to the reading of the for the triumph of the cause of peace and Much of what Aptheker says in these socialism." regards is unquestionably true. And a following excerpts from Mr. Wilkinson's However, this follows the warning that­ morally decadent nation certainly cannot editorial: "Historical experience shows that the sur­ defend itself against a determined enemy. This association represents business and vivals of capitalism in the minds of people If this Nation is to survive, Americans all­ is deeply concerned with the welfare of the persist over a long period even after the individual citizens as well as Government business people specifically engaged in re­ establishment of a Socialist system. This officials-will indeed have to look to their tai11ng photographic goods and equipment demands extensive work by the party on the morals. and those who process millions of films for Communist education of the masses and a But they must do more than just that. the users of that equipment. better Marxist-Leninist training and steeling Being good, moral individuals is not enough. At the moment, the people we represent of party and government cadres." They must also cease embracing Communist are the victims of a merciless, unscrupulous, In other words, the roots of capitalism­ goals, no matter how attractive these are and growing attack on their business, by the desire to own property-run deep. Quite made to look at times. It is a fact that non­ predatory elements in both the retail photo­ evidently this warning note pertains to the Communist elements are working feverishly graphic business and the photo finishing Soviet Union itself and its satellites. The in our midst to bring about a transition from business. In the case of the retailer of natural desire to possess something of one's capitalism to socialism: many of them no photographic products, practically every­ own is one facet of human nature which doubt are convinced in their own minds that thing on his shelf is now being sold by some­ must be eradicated completely in order to by what they are doing they are fighting one nearby at cost, near cost, or, in some create the Soviet man. communism, or at least obstructing the aims cases, below cost, as "bait" because these It is interesting to note that Milovan of the Soviet Union. Indeed, much of the products are quality branded products with Djilas, reputedly dissident Yugoslav Commu­ socialist and welfare state legislation, which well established and well known market nist, mentioned this in his book, "The New fits so well the Communist purpose, is pro­ values. These alone make bait. Class." In it he roundly criticized "contem­ moted on the claim that it is the only way At the present moment, there is before the porary Communist bureaucrats" (govern­ to beat the Soviet Union. Congress a bill well known to photographic ment cadres) for acting as though they What is needed, in addition to some intro­ dealers and everybody else that has a quality owned the properties they were supposed to spect on our individual morals and ethics, brand name product which they manufac­ manage "for the people." Nowhere in the is a review of and return to our fundamental ture or attempt to market. It is known as book did Djilas defend the right to private principles of government and economics. the quality stab111zation bill. property. President Kennedy said 1n his state-of-the­ Sixty-two great national organizations of The theme of centralized planning and Union message: business people have asked their Govern­ control, which is the essence of socialism, "I speak today in an hour of national peril ment to provide the protection for business gives pause for reflection on the enormous and national opportunity. Before my term which this legislation is aimed to provide. and stlll fast-growing bureaucracy of our has ended, we shall have to test anew It does not aim to put discount houses out own Government. Consider in this connec­ whether a nation organized and governed of business nor stop anybody from selling tion these words of R. H. s. Grossman in such as ours can endure." anything. It has no such provisions. "Toward a Philosophy of Socialism," Turn­ But it ls really not a question of whether Neither does it provide for Government stile Press, London, 1952: or not a nation organized such as ours can control or management of business dealings. "The forces of history are all pressing to­ endure. The princip~es on which our Gov­ It simply provides that a manufacturer of ward totalitarianism; 1n the Russian bloc, ernment was organized, as set forth in our a quality brand name product upon which 1962 ~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·-·- · HOUSE 18923

his own and his employees' prosperity and Mr~ RivERS of Alaska. upon annulment. o! th_eir marriages or re- future depends, may not be willfully exploit­