MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

Building on Success

HAVE BEEN TOLD that my name “sounds This diversity is really not surprising, like a museum president’s name.” however—buildings, infrastructure, and I While it would be nice to think that other elements of the constructed land- I was thus predestined for this job, I recall scape affect everyone. Therefore, absolute- one historian’s comment that Warren ly everyone has a vested interest in the Harding’s election as president of the mission of the National Building Museum. United States could be explained only The breadth of our mission and because he “looked like a president.” of our potential audience actually poses Harding’s less-than-auspicious administra- numerous challenges for us. We must work tion therefore serves as a cautionary harder than most museums to define and tale—rather than rely on my evocative communicate our subject matter clearly name, I should probably actually and to help prospective visitors understand Chase W. Rynd accomplish something to earn my keep. the relevance of specific exhibitions or There is much that I am eager programs to their lives. We must also work to accomplish at the National Building very hard to respond to the diverse expecta- Museum, and I am excited by the institu- tions of both new and repeat visitors, who tion’s prospects for the future. I was look to the Museum for ideas and informa- attracted to this position because of the tion about topics ranging from historic Museum’s rapid progress since it opened preservation to cutting-edge design to to the public in 1985, its enthusiastic and emerging construction technologies. While supportive Board of Trustees, its dedicated it would be foolish to try to be all things staff, and, of course, the spectacular struc- to all people, we do have an opportunity— ture that serves as its home. With many and, I believe, an obligation—to serve as outstanding exhibitions and consistently a comprehensive intellectual resource for engaging programming to its credit, the anyone interested in the built environment. Museum has established a solid reputation I am grateful to my predeces- and is poised to assume a greater leader- sors—most recently, Susan Henshaw ship role both in the design and building Jones—and the many trustees, staff industries and in the broader museum members, and supporters who built the community. Museum into the dynamic institution that Above all, my goal is to spread it is today. I look forward to working with the word about this unique and important all of our current friends to forge an even institution. The Museum is blessed with more exciting and auspicious future for many loyal constituencies—frequent the National Building Museum. visitors, avid lecture-goers, long-standing collaborators—but there is a great deal Sincerely, of room for audience growth. I have spent much of my time during my first few months on the job meeting people who know and love the Museum, and they represent a remarkable cross-section of Chase W. Rynd professions, backgrounds, and viewpoints. President

blueprints 1 FEATURE MASONRY VARIATIONS

Masonry Surprises

above / Craftworkers tilt one of the brick assemblies into place.

TONE HANGS IN A DELICATE, TRANSLU- left / The brick installation suggests an enigmatic machine CENT CURTAIN. An Escheresque compo- from a science fiction movie. sition of giant, interlocking brick S Photo © Jim Tetro squares rotates with the touch of a finger. A smooth terrazzo surface undulates and then morphs into a jagged “fabric” of slate. Concrete blocks are carved into sensuous, The brick team, led by Houston sculptural forms that reflect light and architect Carlos Jiménez and mason sound in unexpected ways. J. Keith Behrens, confronted the presumed These astonishing installations immobility of brick structures. By devising are the centerpieces of the National a hybrid system in which bricks bound Building Museum’s exhibition Masonry by traditional mortar were inserted into Variations, which is on view until April 4, a hinged steel armature, the team created, 2004. Deliberately subversive in spirit, the in effect, a brick mobile. Though simple exhibition called on four teams of highly in concept, the sculpture, when pivoted, inventive architects and skilled craftwork- yields a seemingly endless variety of ers to create architectural sculptures that complex geometries. Complementing the challenge fundamental assumptions about rotating squares is a “floor” of perforated common masonry materials. The results bricks lit from below, allowing visitors to are sublimely beautiful. perceive the depth of the material in a way Jeanne Gang, AIA, of Studio Gang that is generally not possible in typical Architects, worked with a team of masons brick veneer walls. led by Matthew Stokes Redabaugh to turn Terrazzo is made from a mix stone, the quintessential compressive mater- of stone and a cement-based or chemical ial, into a tensile one. After discovering that binder, which is then polished to yield

there were no existing engineering guide- a smooth surface. Julie Eizenberg, of above / The placement of the below / The first installation in lines for the use of stone in tension, the Koning Eizenberg Architecture, and a team embedded slate lends a power- Masonry Variations challenges team conducted extensive tests to determine of craftworkers under the direction of ful directionality to the terrazzo the viewer’s understanding of sculpture. Photo © Jim Tetro stone as an opaque, compres- the material’s limitations in such an appli- Michael Menegazzi, were eager to challenge sive material. Photo © Jim Tetro cation. Their research led to a solution in the seemingly inevitable flatness and left / The vertical portion of the terrazzo work is supported right / The stone curtain was which thin slices of marble, cut into jigsaw smoothness of terrazzo surfaces. Inspired by by a muscular wood-and-metal assembled over a wooden puzzle-like shapes, were laminated with an ancient Roman terrazzo remnant in frame. armature that was carefully fiberglass backing, glued together with struc- Herculaneum that had been warped by the removed once the sculpture was complete. tural silicone, and then draped gently from volcanic eruption of Vesuvius, their instal- the ceiling to the floor. Lit from behind, the lation incorporates an unexpected wave in stone curtain assumes an ethereal glow. its ostensibly horizontal “floor.” Even more

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MASONRY VARIATIONS FEATURE

surprisingly, the terrazzo surface then grad- Old Urbanism ually mutates into an increasingly rough blanket of slate as it swoops upward into The Continuing Viability of the Rowhouse a vertical plane, and ultimately curves outward at the top into a precarious hint of a cantilever overhead. right / A mason perfects the The final installation, by Winka Tony Schuman, a past president of the aspects based on the economic circum- by Tony Schuman concrete block installation. Dubbeldam of the firm Archi-Tectonics, Association of Collegiate Schools of stances of the owner. In the middle- and upper-class version, the house was typical- below / Modular concrete units mason Robert Mion, Jr., and their team, Architecture, is associate professor at the yield unexpectedly organic explores the potential interrelationships ly three to four stories tall above a service forms. Photo © Jim Tetro New Jersey School of Architecture, New between sound and architectural form. basement. The first, or parlor, floor, Jersey Institute of Technology. He serves Using a computer program called Maya®, accessed through a series of steps, or stoop on the advisory committee for the forth- which produces graphical representations (from the Dutch stoep), four to five feet of sound waves, Dubbeldam designed a pair coming National Building Museum exhibi- above the sidewalk, contained the public of blob-like forms that would ultimately, tion Affordable Housing: Designing an receiving rooms. Upper floors held sleeping in turn, become reflectors and diffusers American Asset. This article was inspired quarters for the family members. Grander of electronically generated sounds in the by the current exhibition Rowhouse residences might also contain a piano gallery itself. The forms were executed in Redux: Washington Architects Renew nobile, an additional suite of formal drawing rooms above the parlor floor. autoclaved aerated concrete block (AAC), City Living, which is on view through a very lightweight version of the common The basement contained the kitchen and January 18, 2004. The images shown construction material, which was sculpted pantry, with the dining room in the front here are from the exhibition. into seemingly organic shapes. Nicknamed of the basement or on the parlor floor “Fatty” and “Slim,” the fraternal twin served by a dumbwaiter. Servants’ rooms concrete blobs are seemingly engaged were located in the basement or tucked in a stationary pas de deux, which is ani- N JOHN WATERS’ 1998 FILM PECKER, a behind the stairwell on upper floors. The mated by a constantly changing pattern busload of clad-in-black artsy types working-class version was more modest, of reflected sound. I from New York travels to Baltimore typically two floors above a cellar, with Masonry Variations was conceived to see a photography exhibit by the epony- kitchen, dining and sitting rooms on the by Chicago architect, educator, and author mous home-town hero. As the bus rolls first floor and bedrooms above. Stanley Tigerman, who also served as guest through the outskirts of the city, one of Although the rowhouse went by curator. Maria Viteri of the International the cognoscenti points out the window different names—larger buildings being Masonry Institute provided invaluable assis- and exclaims, “Look! Rowhouses!” as if known as “town houses,” sandstone-clad tance in coordinating the project. Shown discovering a new form of urban habitat. buildings as “brownstones”—these variants here are various images of the installations The rowhouse, of course, is all belonged to the same generic type by among the oldest dwelling forms in the virtue of their common features: a “party above / Front elevation, under construction and upon completion. • S Street rowhouse proposal, United States, having been built here in wall” shared with the house next door; a by Hickok Warner Cole profusion since the 18th century following regular set-back creating a coherent “street Architects. © Hickok Warner Cole Masonry Variations is made possible by the both Dutch and English precedents. In Architects International Union of Bricklayers and Allied wall;” consistent height and building mater- Craftworkers (BAC) and the International older cities, particularly along the eastern ial; a public presence toward the street and Masonry Institute (IMI). seaboard, the rowhouse is the characteris- a private garden to the rear; and consistent tic building type, defining upper-class dis- width, typically from 15 to 25 feet, based tricts like Boston’s Back Bay, Philadelphia’s initially on the spanning capabilities of Rittenhouse Square, or Washington’s wood joists and later on subdivision of Dupont Circle, as well as working class the land to facilitate real estate sales. neighborhoods like North Philadelphia, According to housing historian Boston’s South End, or Baltimore’s Canton. Norbert Schoenauer, the rowhouse evolved Initially built as a single-family from modest rural dwellings with the dwelling, the rowhouse takes on different residential portion in the front and a

4 blueprints blueprints 5 OLD URBANISM: THE CONTINUING VIABILITY OF THE ROWHOUSE OLD URBANISM: THE CONTINUING VIABILITY OF THE ROWHOUSE

for gentrification by a new wave of urban alternative solution involves converting on- left and below / Front and rear homeowners, who often split the houses street parallel parking to angled or head-in elevations, S Street rowhouse proposal, by Studio 27 into two duplex apartments. parking on the street, which impedes traffic Architecture. © Studio 27 Architecture The rowhouse is inherently an but increases the number of parking spaces. environmentally-friendly building form. The approach to the parking question Because one family generally occupied the impacts the urban fabric as much as the entire house, or at least, in most cases, an individual dwelling, and as such is a critical entire floor, cross ventilation was available question in contemporary rowhouse design. to reduce reliance on mechanical tempera- ture controls. This was further facilitated by the building’s relatively shallow foot- Rediscovery print, since most rowhouses were only two The rowhouse has enjoyed a recent resur- rooms deep, with the center portion occu- gence in popularity in both suburban pied by stairs, closets, and dressing rooms. and urban settings, albeit for quite differ- The attachment to adjacent buildings meant ent reasons. Suburban homeowners have reduced exterior wall exposure resulting not abandoned their dream of a detached in both construction savings and reduced house, but rapidly rising land values density in the suburbs and reducing densi- heating and cooling loads. But perhaps the require higher densities to keep purchase ty in the center city, where the quantity of most important environmental benefit of costs within reach. In response, suburban replacement units is generally lower than workspace behind accessed by an alley the rowhouse is the density that it affords, developers have turned to the rowhouse the number of apartments demolished. or mews. The rowhouse did not assume a typically between 15 and 30 units per acre form, generally advertised as “town The suburban developments, by denying purely domestic form until the separation assuming single-family occupancy. This is homes.” The developers often take pains the essential urban character of the row- of work and residence evolved with the sufficient density to attract local retail to camouflage these foreign forms with house through the absence of sidewalks rise of factory production. Although and to warrant service by mass transit, two their connotations of urban congestion or retail facilities, sacrifice the street life ground-floor commercial usage flourished features that reduce dependency on the by siting them to appear as large free- that makes urban rowhouse neighborhoods in some locations, for the most part the automobile and its attendant air pollution. standing homes on winding streets such rich social environments. Suburban rowhouse remained a purely domestic As a model for contemporary without sidewalks. “town home” developments, moreover, are building type, contributing to the evolu- housing, the rowhouse faces a vexing In cities, the rowhouse revival generally restricted to market-rate sales top and above / Section and tion of cities into separately zoned perspective view, T Street row- dilemma—parking. There is an inherent came in response to two impulses: the and rentals, creating gated enclaves for house proposal, by Christian residential and commercial districts. contradiction between residents’ desire desire to demolish high-rise public housing the wealthy and missing an opportunity Zapatka. © Christian Zapatka Design for on-site parking and the ability to main- projects, widely seen as symbolizing for mixed-income development that might tain the integrity of the street front and deteriorated living conditions in poor contribute toward lessening the de facto Versatility the rear yard. In street-and-alley cities neighborhoods; and the success of the class and racial segregation between city The rowhouse has demonstrated a remark- like Washington, DC, parking is easily “New Urbanist” movement in promoting and suburb. able ability to adapt to changing economic accommodated. In dense older cities like pedestrian-friendly, mixed-use, and mixed- The urban HOPE VI develop- circumstances. The original large, single- New York, parking is provided through income development as an antidote to con- ments, by emphasizing mixed-income family houses, which presumed the private (and expensive) multi-story garages gestion, sprawl, and segregation. Although occupancy and home ownership, some- owner’s ability to engage live-in help, or through a nightly search for a legal that movement is primarily an exurban times cannot re-house all of the poor fami- became subdivided into separate apart- on-street parking space. Providing a private “greenfields” development model, the lies from the former projects. In cities like ments on each floor when the economic garage within the rowhouse itself is costly. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Newark, New Jersey, where most HOPE VI fortunes of the family and/or the neigh- Setting the house back to allow a parking Development (HUD), in launching the projects are single-family rowhouses, the borhood declined. Further subdivision pad in front is cheaper but the proliferation HOPE VI program in 1993, anointed New resulting density is lower than that of the into two apartments per floor or even into of curb cuts impairs the vibrant street life Urbanism as its urban redevelopment strat- historic city, meaning that the neighbor- single rooms often followed. In areas like that rowhouses help create. Block-long egy, resulting in the construction of thou- hoods cannot support the former level of Manhattan’s Upper West Side this was the developments often provide parking behind sands of units of rowhouses on sites former- retail and services. More troubling is the case in the 1960s and 1970s. As the economy the houses, but this comes at the expense ly occupied by project slabs and towers. concomitant trend toward building big-box revived in the 1980s, rowhouses, available of the rear yards that are such an impor- The current round of rowhouse retail stores with huge parking lots along at attractive prices, were prime targets tant feature of the rowhouse type. One construction has the effect of increasing the older commercial spines. The effect

6 blueprints blueprints 7 OLD URBANISM: THE CONTINUING VIABILITY OF THE ROWHOUSE FEATURE Stories of Home (www.newhousingny.com), invites respons- Excerpts from an interview es to a variety of site conditions where conducted with Bill Bamberger rowhouses, sometimes in combination by Todd Taylor, edited by with higher-density forms, will figure Chrysanthe B. Broikos prominently in the proposed solutions. In focusing the attention of the design com- munity on this venerable urban housing Stories of Home: Photographs by type, such initiatives exploit the row- Bill Bamberger pairs portraits of house’s potential not only in terms of first-time, low-income, homebuy- urbanity, scale, and environmental sus- ers with excerpts from interviews tainability, but also for its ability to adapt conducted with these families in to changing needs—incorporation of the Chattanooga, Tennessee; San automobile, the rise of digitally-based live/work arrangements, and various Antonio, Texas; and rural eastern household compositions including single- North Carolina. Not only are the parent, two-working-parent, and extended images hauntingly beautiful, they families. As avatar of the “old urbanism,” are also revealing from a public the rowhouse offered an urban dwelling policy perspective. They capture form that housed different classes in the human side of architecture, dwellings that emphasized a common giving voice to how buildings—and above and below right / Rear is the suburbanization of the city. relationship between citizen and city, an homeownership—can have a last- perspective and design diagram, Happily, there are examples urbanity that was ruptured with the rise S Street rowhouse proposal, by ing impact on both individuals Hickok Warner Cole Architects. of innovative approaches to rowhouse of the housing project on the one hand © Hickok Warner Cole Architects development that preserve neighborhood and the suburban house on the other. It and families. The exhibition is on character and address deeper social and remains to be seen if the current rowhouse view through March 7, 2004. economic issues as well. The most promis- revival can help reunite a society whose ing of these is to design the rowhouse as divisions by race and class are so clearly Bill Bamberger has been a two- or three-family house. This doubles etched in our dwelling forms. • photographing Americans and or triples the density with benefits in the rhythms of their daily lives terms of local services and transit. The for two decades. In addition to Rowhouse Redux: presence of one or two rental units within S AN ARTIST, I’ve always wanted to was: “How do you decide, or, measure, his one-person exhibitions at such Washington Architects the house facilitates the ability of the tell stories that are about community, whether or not affordable-home ownership institutions as the Smithsonian’s Renew City Living is the owner to meet mortgage payments, A about people, about ordinary citizens programs or homeownership makes a dif- seventh biennial exhibition opening up home ownership to families of and the way we live our lives. But I think ference in the lives of families and the National Museum of American sponsored by the National more modest means. Finally, it creates the these stories get more interesting when lives of communities?” Jack had the idea History, the North Carolina Building Museum and the opportunity for multi-generational fami- they deal with large universal themes, and to bring in two photographers and a writer Museum of Art, and the Yale Washington Chapter of lies to have independent living quarters homeownership is one of those themes. to work independently. So I was set free to University Art Gallery, Bamberger the American Institute of under a single roof, strengthening neigh- This project was seeded in the do this, and in some ways it was daunting, Architects (AIA/DC). has found innovative ways to borhood stability as well as family ties. mid-nineties by the Lyndhurst Foundation because sometimes a commercial client bring his work directly to the The rediscovery of the rowhouse when Jack Murrah, the president of will hire you, pay you a lot and have all communities in which he by policy makers and developers is occa- the foundation, was curious to gauge kinds of expectations. It’s rare that you’re photographs—often by converting sioning a revival of interest in the form by the impact Chattanooga Neighborhood set so completely free, and Jack would give architects, too. The National Building Enterprise (CNE) was having on the city me no direction whatsoever. underutilized buildings to Museum’s exhibition Rowhouse Redux: of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Lyndhurst had So my wife and work partner, custom-made exhibition space. Washington Architects Renew City Living, been a long-time supporter of CNE and the Alice Boyle, and I set out to document, in for example, offers new takes on an old non-profit’s efforts to improve the supply human terms, the impact of homeowner- model. A current housing competition in of affordable housing for the city’s low-to- ship on the lives of families and neighbor- New York City, “New Housing New York” moderate-income residents. The question hoods. We began this journey of going out

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STORIES OF HOME STORIES OF HOME

where the mobile gallery was sited in San Antonio, Texas, and in Chattanooga and rural North Carolina where I pho- tographed with Alice, we were blessed with the support and generosity of a community of neighbors and allies. One of the most right / Juan Flores outside his into the streets and talking to people and rewarding aspects of this project has been home in the Santa Cruz neigh- interviewing them—working almost borhood where San Antonio the ways in which the mobile gallery and Alternative Housing is at work; exclusively in neighborhoods that CNE its evolving exhibition engaged such a 2002. © Bill Bamberger had underwritten. Our final report was diverse group of neighbors, community below / Nancy and Alejandra a handcrafted book entitled This House organizations, and citizens. I never imag- Camarillo on their front porch in Is Home: Stories of Home Ownership in ined that the public outreach part of this Plaza Florencia, a neighborhood Chattanooga. In 1999, I was fortunate built by Habitat for Humanity of would deliver that kind of human interac- San Antonio; 2002. © Bill Bamberger enough to share this work with the Center tion, that kind of substance, those stories. for the Study of the American South at the For me, portraiture is as much, previous page / Christopher University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill McDonald at home in Orchard or more, about the rapport I have with (UNC) and was invited to join the center Village, a community built by explore the meaning of home and afford- people as it is about lighting and depth Chattanooga Neighborhood as a visiting fellow. With the support of of field. It’s about these individuals feel- Enterprise; 1994. © Bill Bamberger able-home ownership to all Americans. the center, we hoped to repeat this study The second piece of the project— ing safe enough and trusting enough that in a range of other locales and thereby the mobile art gallery—is truly original to they are comfortable revealing something gain a broader understanding of what the “This House Is Home” initiative. As an that is essential, something of who they homeownership means to individuals artist who goes into neighborhoods, who are. I think the reason that portraiture The exhibition is the culmination of “This across the country. In collaboration with tries to make sense of the world and who works like this is because if you trust House Is Home: An Initiative to Advance the UNC’s Center for Urban and Regional wants to share his work, it has always been and believe in the people whom you are Affordable Home Ownership in America,” Studies and the Enterprise Foundation, we a struggle to find a facility. You often end up photographing, they will meet you right organized by the University of North Carolina created a national initiative that combined showing art in community centers with poor there in the middle and support you from at Chapel Hill through its Center for the Study public service, scholarship, and the arts to lighting and disjointed walls—in places that the day you take their picture onward. of the American South and Center for Urban just aren’t well-suited for the experience. I think it’s about speaking that kind of and Regional Studies. Conducted in partner- ship with The Enterprise Foundation and We conceived of building a truth and inviting them in. I hope that the National Building Museum, the multi- mobile or modular gallery that would when people look at my images some of disciplinary initiative raised public awareness serve two purposes: first, to be a place the aesthetic issues disappear, and they of affordable-home ownership through schol- where we could show this work as it was feel like they are standing there eye to arship, community outreach, and the arts. emerging so that the very citizens whose eye, face to face with someone whom they lives were being chronicled could see might never know except for the experi- Principal national sponsors of “This the exhibition develop. And second, to ence of being there with them by looking House Is Home” are GE Mortgage and be a working studio so that the process at this photograph. • the Ford Foundation. of being in the neighborhood—having Stories of Home is made possible in part citizens use the resource and having the top / In San Antonio, by the additional support of the National Bamberger operated out of artist be available to the community— Endowment for the Arts, the Homeownership a custom-designed mobile art would ultimately facilitate the art itself. gallery that also functioned as Alliance, Inc., The Woodrow Wilson National a studio, production facility, and At first, the notion was that the Fellowship Foundation, The Enterprise classroom; 2002. © Gregory Snyder mobile gallery would be a kind of modular Foundation, and the MMA Foundation, Inc. existing mobile house that would travel above / On a visit to the An accompanying 72-page publication, Stories mobile gallery, students from across the country. But preliminary inves- the Madonna Neighborhood of Home and the Mobile Gallery, is published tigations revealed that this would be a Center view and comment on by the College of Architecture, University of Bamberger’s photographs from difficult premise, and so we started to North Carolina at Charlotte. The book includes San Antonio; 2002. © Alice Boyle think about creating a built-from-scratch an introduction by National Building Museum modular structure. Thanks to the tremen- left / Erma “Mama” Hughes curator Chrysanthe Broikos. became a first-time homeowner dous hard work, dedication, and vision in her 70s after community of Greg Snyder, an associate professor at redevelopment made it possible UNC’s College of Architecture in Charlotte, for Erma, and her husband Charles, to own; 1995. the mobile gallery became a reality. Chattanooga, Tennessee. In the Santa Cruz neighborhood, © Bill Bamberger

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FEATURE AFFORDABLE HOUSING: DESIGNING AN AMERICAN ASSET

Building Museum’s upcoming exhibition, The Museum’s exhibition will focus on Affordable Housing: Designing an more than a dozen such recently com- American Asset, will show how public pleted developments. funding is used to leverage greater invest- The Museum received 101 res- ments through incentives, guarantees, ponses to a wide national solicitation held and grants, and illustrate the results during the spring and summer of 2003. Affordable Housing with a number of exemplary projects. The projects included in the exhibition were Government housing programs selected for their design quality, and serve assist Americans at all income levels, as proof that the quality of much affordable Designing an American Asset especially through the mortgage interest housing rivals that of market-produced deduction, which benefits every American housing for any income level. who owns a house. The exhibition will The projects show remarkable by Ralph Bennett focus, however, on the results of the many below / Colorado Court, Santa breadth of location, style, sponsorship, Monica, California, by Pugh programs at all levels of government— financing, demographics, and depth of Scarpa Kodama Architects. local, state, federal—that provide housing subsidy. They range from a new rowhouse © Pugh Scarpa Kodama Architects to the neediest citizens. development in Washington’s LeDroit Park Starting in the 1880’s, philan- neighborhood, under the auspices of thropic organizations attempted to provide nearby Howard University, to a converted sanitary housing for slum dwellers. Al- public market in Oakland, California, though the efforts were modest, they rep- resent the beginnings of a sense of public responsibility for improving housing conditions. The first federal housing programs were associated with the buildup for World War I and were quickly disband- ed after the war as the private sector succeeded in limiting government involve- ment. The depression generated a legacy of programs that remain useful today: Public Housing, Public Housing Author- ities, and the Federal Housing Admin- istration. After World War II, federal Ralph Bennett is guest co-curator, with FFORDABLE” IS A RELATIVE TERM housing policy turned to housing produc- Isabelle Gournay, of the upcoming exhibi- but housing affordability is a quan- tion for returning veterans through the tion Affordable Housing: Designing an “A tifiable matter these days, thanks G.I. Bill, while continuing programs to formal guidelines established by the assisted the poorest citizens. American Asset, which will be on view US Department of Housing and Urban Contrary to popular understand- from February 28 to August 8, 2004. Development (HUD). In general, affordabil- ing, the best known federal programs Both Bennett and Gournay are on the ity in housing is defined as not having to like Public Housing and the Housing faculty of the School of Architecture at spend more than 30% of your before-tax Choice Voucher program (formerly Section the University of Maryland. Prof. income for shelter. HUD estimates that 8) do not now produce many new units. above right / Design drawing of Gournay’s specialties include the history some 31 million American families exceed Lesser-known, newer programs like the Chelsea Court, New York City, this benchmark, with 14 million house- Low Income Housing Tax Credit, the by Louise Braverman, Architect. of government-assisted housing in © Louise Braverman, Architect Europe and America. Prof. Bennett is holds paying more than half their income HOPE VI program, and the Department for housing—a condition described as of Agriculture’s Rural Housing Service above / Swan’s Marketplace, an architect whose practice includes “critical housing need” by the National are much more productive. Oakland, California, by Pyatok affordable housing and is a member of Architects, Inc. © Pyatok Architects, Inc. Housing Conference. It is obvious that, Building affordable housing the Housing Opportunities Commission in many parts of America, the economy today is an increasingly complex task— of Montgomery County. The images simply fails to produce the housing needed even a small development will use many accompanying this article are of projects by the entire population. funding sources, require many years of in the exhibition. Efforts to overcome this market patient work by a large cast of players, dysfunction have, over the years, stimu- and jump many regulatory hurdles. lated many complex arrangements for Despite the difficulties, many high-quality providing affordable housing. The National projects have been designed and built.

12 blueprints blueprints 13 12 Blueprints AFFORDABLE HOUSING: DESIGNING AN AMERICAN ASSET MUSEUM SUPPORT

right / 101 San Fernando, HE NATIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM thanks San José, California, by the International Union of Bricklayers Solomon ETC. © Solomon ETC Support the Museum Exhibition T and Allied Craftworkers (BAC) and the below / Howard University/ Choose National Building Museum #8662! International Masonry Institute (IMI) for LeDroit Park Revitalization Did you know that you can sup- generously supporting our exhibition Sponsorship Initiative, Washington, DC, by Sorg and Associates, PC. port the builders, planners, architects, and Masonry Variations. The Museum commis- © Sorg and Associates, PC designers of tomorrow through your work- sioned installations by four cutting-edge International Union place giving campaign? architects—Jeanne Gang, Carlos Jiménez, Each year we involve thousands Julie Eizenberg, and Winka Dubbeldam— of Bricklayers and of local students in educational activities working in teams with BAC master craft- ranging from city planning and urban workers. The installations serve to illus- Affordable Housing is made possible Allied Craftworkers/ trate the incredible versatility of stone, by the generous support of the design to building bridges and construct- U. S. Department of Housing and ing houses. If you are taking part in tile/terrazzo, brick, and concrete block. International Urban Development, Nixon Peabody the United Way or Combined Federal “We are proud to sponsor Masonry LLP, and Related Capital Company, Campaign, you can support our youth Variations for two reasons,” comments John Masonry Institute one of The Related Companies along education programs by making a gift to J. Flynn, BAC President. “First is the exhibi- with Bank of America, Century the National Building Museum # 8662. tion’s choice of classic materials like stone, Housing Corporation, Fannie Mae To learn more about our brick, and terrazzo along with an exciting Foundation, National Association education programs and how you can new product, autoclaved aerated concrete of Home Builders, NATIONAL ASSOCI- get involved, please contact Shar Taylor, (AAC). Secondly, BAC and IMI are strong ATION OF REALTORS ®, Corcoran Director of Development for Annual believers in designer/craftworker collabora- Jennison Companies, Council of Giving, at 202.272.2448, extension 3905, tion, which is a hallmark of any successful Federal Home Loan Banks, Horning or via email at [email protected]. building project.” Family Fund of the Community Information about workplace Joan Calambokidis, president Foundation for the National Capital giving at www.unitedartsorganization.org. • of the International Masonry Institute, Region, Meridian Investments, Inc., which now accomodates a mix of uses, The design community remains BAC’s training and promotion arm, added, and Newman & Associates, Inc. including a “co-housing” condominium. persistently intrigued by affordable housing “With this exhibition, we hope to inspire Additional support is provided by Nine states and the District of Columbia as a vehicle for exploring ideas about archi- the masonry industry to look to its design the U. S. Environmental Protection are represented. Eleven projects are spon- tecture, planning, and lifestyle. The future future, and to offer designers this challenge: Agency, National Housing Trust, sored by non-profit organizations. Funding of housing in general and affordable hous- If you can imagine it, we can build it.” National Council of State Housing from multiple sources, including all levels ing in particular can be inferred from the The International Union of Agencies, National Leased Housing of governament, foundations, and private ideas portrayed in these projects. Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers, which Association, Bruner Foundation, lenders, is typical of most of the projects. At a time when government formed in 1865, is now the oldest continuous- Reznick Fedder Silverman, Local Residents range from tenants at 80% of the resources are scarce and the need for hous- ly operating union in North America. In Initiative Support Corporation, area median income (AMI) to developmen- ing affordable to a wide range of American 1975, IMI began extending masonry training Affordable Housing Tax Credit tally disabled persons without regular families is increasing, this exhibition will and technical learning to thousands of craft- Coalition, Homes for America, Inc., employment. The buildings come from show how affordable housing improves Housing & Development Reporter, workers, architects, and project owners. rural, suburban, and urban locations, and communities, providing new investment Institute for Responsible Housing BAC and IMI are actively engaged in research consist of single-family houses, apartment and beautiful buildings while meeting a Preservation, The John Stewart and the development of masonry techniques, buildings, and group homes in both tradi- crucial and deepening social need. Company, Katz & Korin, P.C., • applications, and materials. National Foundation for Affordable tional and inventive configurations. Masonry Variations opened in Housing Solutions, National The projects vividly illustrate October with a series of events—a lecture by Housing Conference, Neighborhood the broad range of design approaches guest curator Stanley Tigerman, FAIA, with Reinvestment Corporation in American architecture and planning representatives from the four project teams, & The NeighborWorks ® System, today: the abstractions of neo-modernism, the Masonry Mania! Family Festival, and the and Southern California Housing traditional planning and design, and a BAC International Apprentice Contest. The Development Corporation. rich variety in between. exhibition closes April 4, 2004. •

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HONOR AWARD HONOR AWARD

2003 Honor Award Recognizes New Sports Facilities Honor Award Contributors

HE LAST DECADE HAS GENERALLY BEEN A Chairs Wayne Weaver/ Fannie Mae Foundation Drayton McLane and the The Thornton-Tomasetti Group Jacksonville Jaguars Hunt Construction Group Houston Astros Baseball Club Virginia Baseball Club PROPITIOUS ONE FOR AMERICA’S URBAN AREAS, Gerald D. Hines Charles O. Holliday, Jr. Dennis Wellner/ MBNA The Oakland A’s Washington Redskins which have become increasingly popu- HOK Sport + Venue + Event Baseball Company T Harold McGraw III Turner Construction Company PricewaterhouseCoopers lar destinations for shopping and entertain- Contributors Honorary Committee Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Co-Chairs Sponsors ARUP ment, while also attracting new residents President George W. Bush Robert A.M. Stern Architects Harold L. Adams/ RTKL Associates Abramson Family Foundation Asset Management Advisors who previously would have been drawn to The Honorable Paul S. Sarbanes K.S. “Bud” Adams, Jr./ Centerplate BE&K The Honorable Carl Levin Friends the suburbs. Many factors have led to these Tennessee Titans Century Housing Carolina Panthers-Carolina The Honorable Arlen Specter K.S. “Bud” Adams, Owner, favorable developments, but one of the Pat Bowlen/ Denver Broncos The Cincinnati Reds Stadium Corporation Football Club The Honorable John McCain Tennessee Titans The Clark Construction Group The Honorable and most profound has been the reemergence David M. Childs/ Skidmore, The Honorable Barbara A. Mikulski Ai Mrs. W.F. Clinger, Jr. Owings & Merrill Contemporary Services Ambac Assurance Corporation of downtown areas as preferred locations The Honorable Corporation Colorado Rockies Baseball Club Peter C. Forster/ The Clark Joseph I. Lieberman The American Institute Kathryn and Kent Colton for major league sports venues. Construction Group Covington & Burling of Architects The Honorable Dianne Feinstein William O. DeWitt, Jr. Delon Hampton/ The Walt Disney Company Arizona Cardinals In recognition of this trend, The Honorable Christopher Dorval Delon Hampton & Associates Ben Nighthorse Campbell Forest City Washington The Associated General EDAW the National Building Museum presented John F. Hennessy III/ The Honorable Patty Murray Freddie Mac Contractors of America Syska & Hennessy Cynthia and Charles Field its 2003 Honor Award to Major League The Honorable Mike DeWine Gensler Architecture/ Baltimore Ravens Robert G. Hunt/ Design and Planning Worldwide Guardsmark The Honorable Rick Santorum Bender Foundation and Baseball and the National Football League. Hunt Construction Group The Honorable and Blake Real Estate Hanley-Wood The Honorable Richard J. Durbin Both organizations have been influential to local architectural contexts, careful Robert W. Johnson IV/ Mrs. John W. Hechinger, Sr. Boston Red Sox HKS New York Jets The Honorable Jim Bunning above / Columnist George Will in encouraging team owners to locate consideration of pedestrian and mass Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates Buffalo Bills Lt. Col. and Mrs. W.K. Konze A. Eugene Kohn/ The Honorable Peter G. Fitzgerald Louis Dreyfus Property Group spoke eloquently about the transit access, and inventive engineering Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates Rhonda Butler and David Brunner Jeffrey H. Loria new professional sports facilities in city The Honorable Eugene A. Ludwig cultural significance of baseball Robert K. Kraft/ George V. Voinovich Cerami & Associates Kevin McClatchy, and ballparks. to enhance the structures’ programmatic Lynne Maguire and Will Miller Pittsburgh Pirates centers, often in neighborhoods that had New England Patriots The Honorable Charles E. Schumer D’Agostino Izzo Quirk Architects McGraw-Hill Construction The Phillies Baseball Club faced extended periods of decline or even flexibility and the fan experience. Thomas C. Leppert/ The Honorable DC Sports & right / Former Congressman Turner Construction Company Moag & Company Entertainment Commission Pro Football Hall of Fame near-total abandonment. As a result of Held on September 15, the Honor Debbie A. Stabenow Steve Largent reminisced about Randy Lerner/ Cleveland Browns The Honorable Lamar Alexander Mr. and Mrs. Arturo Moreno Denver Broncos Football Club ROMA Design Group his experiences in professional Award gala attracted nearly 1,000 people, these efforts, many American cities have Jeffrey Lurie/ Philadelphia Eagles The Honorable George Allen National Association of Design-Build Institute of America SPL Integrated Solutions football. Home Builders been rejuvenated, with new ballparks and despite the imminent threat of Hurricane Kevin McClatchy/ The Honorable John Cornyn Ellerbe Becket Wagner Murray Architects/ Pittsburgh Pirates New York Jets NW Getz & Associates Isabel, which was scheduled to hit The Honorable Sonny Perdue Greenstein DeLorme & Luchs below / Museum Chair Carolyn stadiums providing the impetus for sub- Stuart McFarland/ Carl Pohlad and the Hines Brody, Football Commissioner Federal City Capital Advisors The Honorable Mitt Romney Minnesota Twins stantial private, mixed-use development. Washington the next day. The keynote Robert W. Holleyman, II Associates Paul Tagliabue, and Baseball Drayton McLane/ The Honorable Robert L. Ehrlich Russell Reynolds Associates speakers at the gala were Steve Largent, Houston Texans Charles H. Atherton Commissioner Bud Selig. Moreover, many of the new sports facili- Houston Astros Baseball Club The Honorable George E. Pataki San Diego Padres Baseball Club Indianapolis Colts William C. Bartholomay/ ties have been works of high-quality archi- a former US Congressman and member of Robert C. McNair/ The Honorable Michael F. Easley George M. Steinbrenner III Atlanta Braves Houston Texans Kansas City Chiefs Photos by Michael Carpenter the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and George The Honorable and the New York Yankees BDO Seidman tecture and construction in their own Arthur B. Modell/ Jennifer M. Granholm Magnusson Klemencic Associates Syska & Hennessy Mark Bisnow Will, the widely read columnist whose love Baltimore Ravens The Honorable Jim Doyle Marriott International right, marked by a thoughtful response Sharon and Jim Todd Bovis Lend Lease of baseball is as legendary as his political David Montgomery/ The Honorable Bill Owens Walter P. Moore The Phillies Baseball Club Walker & Dunlop/ Centex Construction Company The Honorable Gary Locke Green Park Financial Engineers + Consultants commentary. The evening concluded with John J. Moores/ San Diego Cincinnati Bengals The Honorable Washington Baseball Club NFL Players Association Padres Baseball Club Cleveland Browns the presentation of the shared award to Richard A. Gephardt Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering New England Patriots Carmen A. Policy/ Detroit Tigers Baseball Club NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Cleveland Browns The Honorable Philadelphia Eagles Sherwood L. Boehlert Rae and David Evans MLB Commissioner Bud Selig, who accept- Jerry Richardson/ Fellows Pittsburgh Steelers Carolina Panthers Rippeteau Architects Brian A. Gallagher/ Arnold & Porter United Way of America ed on behalf of the leagues. Daniel M. Rooney/ Leadership Committee Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi Chicago White Sox Los Angeles Dodgers Pittsburgh Steelers Benefactors St. Louis Rams The gala raised about $900,000 Cushman & Wakefield of Lenore M. Lucey Stephen C. Schott/ The Oakland The Baltimore Orioles Greater Washington San Diego Chargers in support of the Museum’s vital exhibi- A’s Baseball Company Mr. and Mrs. F. Joseph Moravec Major League Baseball James G. Davis Construction Charles E. Smith Residential a tions and core programming. The Board Janet Marie Smith/ National Football League Corporation division of Archstone-Smith and Vincent J. Naimoli/ Struever Bros. Eccles & Rouse Tampa Bay Devil Rays DuPont Charles E. Smith Commercial a of Trustees thanks everyone who con- Joseph E. Spear/ division of Vornado RealtyTrust New York Mets Foundation HOK Sport + Venue + Event Patrons Delon Hampton & Associates tributed to the important event. Sportservice Corporation Robert A. Peck • Robert A.M. Stern/ Bank of America HOK Sport + Venue + Event STUDIOS Architecture U.S. Conference of Mayors Robert A.M. Stern Architects Carolyn and Kenneth D. Brody Frederick A. Kober Struever Bros. Eccles & Rouse Beverly Willis Charles H. Thornton/ Joanne D. Corzine Foundation McKissack & McKissack The Thornton-Tomasetti Group Tampa Bay Buccaneers Wolfensohn Family Foundation

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MUSEUM NEWS SUPPORT

Thank You! $100,000 and above Syska Hennessy Group Kansas City Chiefs Moshe Safdie and Dr. Richard Longstreth International Masonry This Old House Local Initiatives Support Associates Emily Malino Welcome New Institute Ventures, Inc. Corporation Marguerite W. Sallee Thomas L. McClimon International Union Sharon and Jim Todd Magnusson Klemencic Ann Satterthwaite Derek Meares of Bricklayers & Walker & Dunlop Associates SPL Integrated Solutions Allied Craftworkers Mr. and Mrs. F. Joseph Washington Baseball Club Marriott International, Inc. Torti Gallas and Partners Moravec (Returning) Trustees! Miller & Long Co., Inc. Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering Wagner Murray Architects M. Howard Morse $50,000–$99,999 Walter P. Moore Wagner Roofing Company Vincent J. Namioli/ Corinthian Profile Andersen Corporation Two former Museum trustees were recently $5,000–$9,999 National Football League Tampa Bay Devil Rays The Museum thanks Fannie Mae Foundation Players Association elected to new terms on the board. Arden Realty $250–$999 National Conference the following indi- Fund of The Community New England Patriots of State Historic Foundation for the Arnold & Porter Tove Anderson Portland Cement Philadelphia Eagles Preservation Officers viduals, companies, National Capital Region Bender Foundation, Inc. Jamie Aycock Pittsburgh Steelers National Council DELON HAMPTON, PHD, PE, is chairman of Lafarge Chicago White Sox William C. Bartholomay of Architectural associations and Rippeteau Architects PC the board of Delon Hampton & Associates, Association National Football League James G. Davis BDO Seidman, LLP Registration Boards agencies for gifts San Diego Chargers Related Capital, one of The Construction Bob and Kathy Baer National Portrait Gallery/ Chartered (DHA), a consulting engineer- Related Companies, LP Shamrock Holdings Smithsonian Institution of $250 or more Forest City Washington Mark Bisnow ing, design, and construction management INCE 1998, THE PORTLAND CEMENT of California Robert A. Peck and received from Houston Astros The Bozzuto Group ASSOCIATION has supported the $25,000–$49,999 Baseball Club Smith Management Lynn Palmer firm founded three decades ago. A former Construction, Inc. Brennan+Company Laura Peebles August through National Building Museum’s mission The Associated General Iverson Yoakum Papiano Architects president of the American Society of Civil S Contractors of America & Hatch Sportservice Corporation Thorn L. Pozen October 2003. St. Louis Rams Cass & Associates Engineers, Hampton has also served as through membership in The Corinthians, Bank of America Susan L. Klaus Architects, P.C. Property Capital, LLC These generous gifts Joanne D. Corzine National Endowment Struever Bros. Eccles Robinson & Associates a director of the Greater Washington participation in the Honor Award, and & Rouse, Inc. Centex Construction provide essential M. A. Mortenson Company for the Humanities Company, Inc. Schneidereith & Sons, Inc. exhibition sponsorship. The organization STUDIOS Architecture Board of Trade, a Malcolm Baldridge MBNA New York Yankees Cheryl and Smislova, Kehnemui support for the was founded in 1916 to “improve and Neil Papiano, Esq. Tampa Bay Buccaneers Matthew Chalifoux & Associates, P.A. Award Overseer for the US Department of Tennessee Titans Museum’s exhibi- expand the uses of portland cement and $10,000–$24,999 PricewaterhouseCoopers Chernikoff and Company Fredda S. Sparks Commerce, and an advisor to the engineer- Virginia Baseball Club, LLC tions, education Abramson Family The Charles Schwab Cincinnati Bengals Spector, Knapp & Delon Hampton, PhD, PE ing departments of five major research concrete,” and today represents 53 cement Foundation, Inc. Foundation Washington Redskins Computer Science Baughman, Ltd. programs, and universities. He received a Bachelor of companies across the United States and Carolyn and Kenneth Brody Paul John Tagliabue and Leonard A. Zax, Esq. and Telecommunications Dr. Richard L. Sprott endowment funds. Chandler Minter Tagliabue Board—The National Patti Swain Canada. Portland cement, originally devel- Centerplate Academies Science from the University of Illinois, The Thornton-Tomasetti $1,000–$2,499 Keene Taylor Some of the contri- oped in 1824 by a British stone mason, is Century Housing Group Construction Industry and went on to earn master’s and doctoral Corporation The American Institute of Round Table Edward J. Trenn butions listed here Architecture Students a core element in most concretes used in Chesapeake Bay Kent Cooper Kristen and degrees from Purdue University. Foundation $2,500–$4,999 ARUP Christopher Ullman are in partial ful- construction around the world today. The Ai Mr. and Mrs. Donald Christie’s America Asset Management Coupard United Arts Organization of fillment of larger association carries out a range of activi- The Cincinnati Reds Ambac Assurance Advisors Greater Washington Inc. RICHARD M. ROSAN, FAIA, has served as pres- Corporation Covington & Burling pledges. Contemporary Services Diane Cox Basheer Margaret Van Voast ident of the Urban Land Institute (ULI), ties, including marketing, educational The American Institute Communities, Inc. Emily K. and Corporation Frank A. DeCicco Watt, Tieder, Hoffar programs, research, and advocacy, that of Architects Kathryn and Kent Colton & Fitzgerald an international organization of real Forest City Enterprises, Inc. David Dombrowski Arizona Cardinals The Day & Zimmerman Patty and Robert Webb aim to raise the quality of the product, Freddie Mac Foundation Dorsky Hodgson + Partners estate professionals, for more than a Associated Builders Group, Inc. Michael Wilbur Gensler and Contractors, Inc. Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co. decade. Prior to joining ULI, he spent the manufacturing process, and generally Architecture, Design William O. DeWitt, Jr. Beverly A. Willis, FAIA and Planning Worldwide The Associated General Christopher Dorval Henry and Michael Ducody 22 years in New York City in various capac- contribute to a better environment. Contractors of America Kerie R. Wilson John and June Hechinger EDAW, Inc. Envision Design PLLC The National Building Museum Baltimore Ravens Christine Wirkkala ities, including experience with a private Advised Fund of Barbara and The Ford Foundation The Community Bender Foundation, Inc. Wolfensohn Family development firm, six years as president is grateful to the Portland Cement Herbert Franklin Brian Gallagher Foundation Foundation for the Boston Red Sox Association for its support. • National Capital Region The Georgetown Company General Typographers, Inc. of the Real Estate Board of New York, and David L. Brunner Guardsmark, Inc. Kingdon Gould, III Herrick Corporation & Rhonda Butler twelve years in planning and economic HKS Architects Ellen Hahn and Kohn Pedersen Fox Buffalo Bills Associates, PC Humanities Council of Raymond D. Grabb development positions with the city Carolina Panthers Louis Dreyfus Property Greater Washington Guiliani Associates Richard M. Rosan, FAIA government. A fellow of the American Group Cerami & Associates S. Kann Sons Company Jeff Hammond and Institute of Architects, Rosan received his McGraw-Hill Construction D’Agostino Izzo Quirk Foundation, Inc. Mauri Ziff Architects, Inc. Will Miller and Lynne J.A. Jones/Tompkins Harvard Jolly Clees Toppe professional degree in architecture from Maguire DC Sports and Builders, Inc. Patricia Harrison Entertainment Los Angeles Dodgers the University of Pennsylvania following Moag & Company Commission Dr. Richard Hayes Jeffrey H. Loria undergraduate study at Williams College. • Mr. and Mrs. Arturo Moreno Denver Broncos Horizon Builders National Association Football Club Kevin McClatchy, Elise Hughes Pittsburgh Pirates of Home Builders Design-Build Institute Wayne R. Hulit Lily and Bob McLean Daniel M. Neidich of America Kay Management Co. and Brooke G. Neidich The Richard H. Driehaus New York Mets Foundation Foundation C.M. Kling Foundation The Phillies Baseball Club & Associates, Inc. Pepco Holdings Inc. Cynthia R. and Potomac Investment Harold Leich Perot Systems Corporation Charles B. Field Properties Irene Leiwant Russell Reynolds Houston Texans Pro Football Hall of Fame Liberty Property Limited Associates, Inc. Indianapolis Colts Rippeteau Architects PC

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MYSTERY BUILDING

Mystery Building

HE MYSTERY BUILDING in the Fall 2003 issue was the Mount Angel Abbey T Library, in St. Benedict, Oregon, one of just two buildings in the United States designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. ? Pictured was the main reading room, which is suffused with soft natural light thanks to extensive skylights. On cloudy days, which, Nine readers correctly identified of course, are frequent in the region, visitors the library: John Morris Dixon, Bruce take advantage of the numerous individual Emerton, L. Jane Hastings, Jennifer Luke task lamps that Aalto incorporated into the Jackson, Kyle Johnson, Peter Katz, Tom above / Mount Angel Abbey Library, St. curved reading desk. The staccato visual Kerns, Peter S. Reed, and Thomas Stewart Benedict, Oregon, by rhythm of the lamps provides a counterpoint Shiner. Alvar Aalto to the otherwise fluid forms of the space. This issue’s Mystery Building is The Mount Angel image proved to technically a complex of structures with a be a tricky one—several readers mistook it colorful history and a location that may be for a view of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Johnson surprising to those who are not familiar Wax building in Racine, Wisconsin. Indeed, with it. Can you identify the complex and its the slender columns and gentle curving location? There’s no need to name an archi- forms of Aalto’s library are similar in spirit tect on this one! Send responses to: Mystery to some of Wright’s work, so the confusion is Building, National Building Museum, not surprising. 401 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20001.

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

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