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Home , Angela Lawson, Bill Lowery (politician), Bob Armstrong, Robert Mercer (priest), Stephanie Tubbs Jones

April 14, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6963 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PERCEPTION ABOUT THE But what about the longer term future? will therefore be a need to put in place an U.S.S.R. Continued progress on arms control will extensive program of confidence building depend on the survivability of Gorbachev's which, among other activities, would involve policies and public commitments. It will also U.S.-U.S.S.R. collaboration on large-scale HON. BILL RICHARDSON depend on whether Gorbachev can persuade initiatives which will be seen as having OF NEW MEXICO the world that it is in everybody's interest major world benefits. I refer to collabora­ for his policies to be taken at face value and tions in areas such as environmental protec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that there are no hidden agendas which tion, bolstering the world economy and im­ Wednesday, April 13, 1988 could place western security and/or western proving world health through sanitation values in jeopardy. The West, in turn, must and medical programs. I also have in mind Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I would understand that Soviet leadership is facing large programs of student exchange, as well like to bring to the attention of my colleagues a great delemma. For the bureaucracy to as increased scientific and cultural ex­ a summary of an essay entitled "Perceptions stay in power they must improve the quality changes. about the U.S.S.R. from the Standpoint of of life or demonstrate an imminent external It is not too early to start enhancing exist­ International Security" by Louis Rosen of the threat. To do the former they must give ing activities which contribute to confi­ Los Alamos National Laboratory. Louis, who is their people more flexibility and freedom to dence-building and to identify major new a personal friend of mine, has traveled to the communicate and travel-they must open initiatives which can have global impact. up Soviet society. But an open society will Soviet Union on three occasions meeting with expose the shortcomings of the bureaucracy the likes of Serguei Kapitsa, a Soviet expert and erode its power. ELENA KEISS-KUNA AND HER on arms control. From his experiences, Louis The most probable scenarios appear to be FAMILY SHOULD BE PERMIT­ discusses the opportunities and risks we face the following: TED TO LEAVE THE SOVIET <1 > General Secretary Gorbachev is sin­ in arms control. I believe my colleagues will UNION find this essay enlightening. The essay is cere and will be successful, at least in the available in its entirety at my office for your short term. This will be affirmed when we are told more about Soviet goals and inten­ review. tions, about the true dimensions of their de­ HON. TOM LANTOS SUMMARY OF ESSAY fense budget, when they relax restrictions OF For the reasons above identified the INF on emigration and tighten controls against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Treaty will be seen as providing military ad­ the abuse of human rights. Other indica­ vantage to the West and political advantage tions will emerge when we see the extent to Wednesday, April 13, 1988 to the Soviet bloc. But the major signifi­ which military doctrine follows political Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to cance will reside in the precedents the policy, and the extent to which the Soviet draw attention to another human rights viola­ treaty sets. These precedents are vital for Union desists from undermining legitimate future negotiations on reductions in conven­ governments through military coercion and tion in the Soviet Union. Although this is the tional, chemical, and biological weapons, as political intrigue. The above are some of the time of "glasnost," Soviet officials blatantly well as for reduction in strategic nuclear ar­ benchmarks against which we can measure disregarded article 13 of the Universal Decla­ senals. the sincerity of stated Soviet policy. ration of Human Rights, which proclaims that, It would appear that the potential politi­ <2> Gorbachev will fail to achieve his aims "Everyone has the right to leave any country, cal advantages to the East could eventually through design or circumstance. He will including his own, and to return to his own outweigh the military advantages to the change direction or be smothered by the bu­ country." The Soviet Union, a signatory to this West, but not if the West acts wisely. How­ reaucracy; and his reforms will falter or document, has repeatedly denied its citizens ever, in the unlikely event that the treaty is even be reversed. not ratified, the political damage to the The communist party will reassert its the right to emigrate. West could be very serious and translate dominance, from Moscow, over all facets of Mr. Speaker, I wish to bring to your atten­ into a degradation in the NATO position life and revert to previous styles of govern­ tion and to the attention of my colleagues the relative to that of the Warsaw Pact. The ance; or the military will become dominant. case of Elena Keiss-Kuna and her family who point is that those who oppose the treaty (3) Gorbachev will succeed without accom­ are prisoners in their own country. Elena will not be mollified by the fact it is not modation with the West and the U.S.S.R. Keiss-Kuna and her family have been applying ratified. From their standpoint the damage will become more dangerous to world peace to emigrate since 197 4, so they may be re­ will already have been done. On the other than ever before. united with Elena's family-her mother and side, the much larger number of people in <4> The arms control process will break western Europe and the U.S. who applaud down and the arms race will continue at sister-in Israel. Since first applying to emi­ the treaty will be seriously alienated from ever higher levels and with ever greater grate in 197 4, she and her husband George the entire arms control process as conduct­ danger to world survival. The Soviets will have been unemployed in their field of engi­ ed by the U.S. break out of the ABM treaty. neering and survive on George's menial Assuming INF ratification, what comes It seems to the writer that scenario <1) is wages as a truckdriver. Their denial was at­ next? This year could bring agreement on both the most probable and the most desira­ tributed to their previous access to State se­ reduction of strategic warheads to 50 per­ ble; and that it is in the interest of the crets. Her family has long exceeded the 1o cent of their present levels, since that would entire world to avoid placing obstacles in its years wait required of those with access to still leave an overabundance of deterrent path. It is also the judgement of the writer force on each side. However, such an agree­ that the scenario with the second highest State secrets, and still they are denied the ment will probably require a tacit agree­ probability is <2>. Nonetheless, scenarios (3) chance to leave. ment on compliance with the ABM treaty and (4) cannot be ignored. The West is In March 1988, Elena resorted to extremes during the next decade. Such an agreement therefore faced with the necessity of adopt­ and embarked on a hunger strike. Mr. Speak­ will probably be facilitated by Soviet confi­ ing a political and military posture which is er, it is tragic that human beings are com­ dence in their ability to neutralize, if feasi­ hospitable to scenario <1) but which can be pelled to resort to physical deprivation to ble, or destroy, if necessary, any battle sta­ responsive in timely fashion, to scenarios (3) make a statement and to bring change. At this tions that appear over their territory. The and <4>, as well as to <2>. time, we must focus attention on the Soviet Soviets appear already to have withdrawn If the U.S. and U .S.S.R. are to move their demand that SDI development cease. beyond a 50 percent reduction in strategic failure to observe its international obligations They only insist that the traditional inter­ missiles to major reductions and balance in in continuing to hold Soviet citizens captive in pretation of the ABM treaty remain in conventional weaponry, arms treaties alone their own land. It is crucial that we uphold force, as do some of our allies and many will not be sufficient. A lessening of fear, those beliefs upon which our country was members of Congress. distrust, and suspicion is required. There founded and urge the SovieJ Government to

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 6964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 allow the free emigration of those citizens when the project was originally launched. glehandedly kept the United States trade which they hold captive. Intel's success is an inspiring demonstration balance positive. Over the past year or so, that America's industries can remain on the my little joke soured. Last year, the United global cutting not only in developing new States imported $13.5 billion more in elec­ A TRIBUTE TO PEG WALLING tronics products than it exported. technology, but commercializing it. What happened? lntercompany cooperation: The second was One can hardly discuss international HON. JIM COURTER the March 23, 1966, announcement by Intel trade, past or present, without immediately OF NEW JERSEY that it was entering into a cooperative ar­ running into the activity of Japanese indus­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rangement with Micron Technology, Inc., of try. In the 20's and 30's, Japan was accused Wednesday, April 13, 1988 Boise, ID, in which Intel will sell Micron of dumping silk on the world market and DRAMS-memory chips-under Intel's label. pricing it lower than cotton fabric in Brit­ Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to At a time when U.S. memory chipmakers find ain's Far Eastern colonies. After World War share special tribute to Peg Walling of Boon­ themselves under intense international com­ II, trade friction shifted to the heavy indus­ ton Township, NJ. Peg is a concerned citizen, tries, starting with shipbuilding, continuing petition, this is an important model of the kind a dedicated mother and a good friend. on to steel, and then, more recently, to the of intercompany cooperation needed to keep Born in Belleville, NJ, on January 31, 1924, automobile industry. These industries are America's lead. The American Electronics As­ she has been a resident of the State for her interrelated. When shipbuilding got into sociation is also to be congratulated for the trouble, steel costs rose due to a smaller whole life. leadership it has shown in encouraging Ameri­ available market. Higher cost steel then In 1952 she became involved in local poli­ can companies to realize their mutual interest raised automobile costs, rendering that in­ tics when she joined the Republican Club of in working together. dustry less competitive. Hanover Township. In 1966 she also became Government-industry ·Cooperation: The third By the late 60's, the action turned to a active in the Morris County Women's Republi­ is an article by Dr. Grove himself, entitled high-tech industry-television manufactur­ can Club and the New Jersey Federation of ing. In 1968, American television manufac­ "Regain Leadership by Working Together," turers lodged a dumping complaint with the Republican Women. She is still involved with from the December 13, 1967, edition of the both of these organizations today. Government, decrying the action of the Times. In it, Mr. Grove notes that Japanese manufacturers of black-and-white I could go on to mention the many other the American electronics industry registered a televisions. In 1971, a number of Govern­ ways that Peg has been involved in politics, trade deficit of $13.5 billion in 1966, and that ment agencies confirmed these charges. But but this would not be fair. It would not be fair America's technological leadership is threat­ despite these rulings, our Government because it would ignore her many other fine ened unless America can reverse its disturb­ failed to assess or collect the $400 million in attributes. She is involved with the Rockaway ing trend. Most significantly, Dr. Grove called duties owed by the Japanese. Valley United Methodist Church and through for a strategy of "National Entrepreneurship," In 1975, having concluded that our dump­ ing laws were not to be taken seriously, the her work with a woman's group there has which he defines as "coordinated action­ raised money for charity. Through her associa­ Japanese manufacturers mounted a concen­ Government and industry together-to pro­ trated and focused attack on the color tele­ tion with Dope Open, Inc., she has helped to mote industrial well being." vision market. They stockpiled huge inven­ raise money for use in the fight against one of Mr. Speaker, it seems to me that American tories, and then flooded our market. The our Nation's most pressing problems, drug business-and the rest of us-have a great result: in an 18-month period, the Japanese abuse. Along with her husband Willis, she has deal to learn from Dr. Grove and Intel. First, share of the American market surged to also donated her time to work in a Morris Intel's experience demonstrates that America nearly 50 percent, from 14 percent. As Plains Easter Seal Rehabilitation Center. can remain on the cutting edge-if its compa­ American manufacturers were drowning in Peg loves to golf and has been known to nies make the kind of long-term investment in red ink, Japanese companies bought what bowl a 149 on occasion. She is a devoted was left of the industry. R&D and quality that Intel has over the years. In 1967, before this sequence of events wife and mother as well as a good friend to all Second, it is clearly time for more compa­ started, there were 28 American manufac­ who know her. Over the years she has dem­ nies to begin learning how to cooperate with turers of television sets. Today there is one. onstrated concern for her family, concern for each other as well as compete. The electron­ In the meantime, the world market for con­ her neighbors, and concern for her country. ics industry should be but the first of many sumer electronics has grown to $100 billion. That is why I rise today in tribute to Peg Wall­ that find ways to work together. At no time was there a significant Ameri­ ing. And finally, we need to heed Dr. Grove's can presence in the Japanese television market. At the peak of our industry's call for a new strategy of "national entrepre­ strength, in 1975, American sets had a total NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP neurship" in which Government and industry Japanese market share of less than 1 per­ join together to keep America on the cutting cent. HON. MEL LEVINE edge. At a time when our Nation faces the As these events suggest, Japanese indus­ greatest challenge to its technological su­ tries follow a predictable progression: OF CALIFORNIA premacy in its history, we can no longer afford 1. While a specific American industry is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to remain trapped in old ways of thinking. competitive and its Japanese domestic coun­ Wednesday, April 13, 1988 It is particularly noteworthy when companies terpart is not, the Japanese home market is protected. Mr. LEVINE of California. Mr. Speaker, like Intel are as innovative in their public policy 2. When both American and Japanese in­ have been impressed by three recent pieces thinking as in manufacturing. Surely we in dustries are vigorous, the Japanese compa­ of information concerning Intel and its dy­ Congress can be no less open to new ideas, nies mount a concentrated attack on the namic chairman, Dr. Andrew Grove. Together, and prepared to develop new initiatives to American market, regardless of the econom­ they present an inspiring lesson to Congress ensure that our country remains the world ic cost. The Director General of the Confed­ and the Nation as to what is necessary to leader in technology and its applications. eration of British Industries described it regain America's technological cutting edge: Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD a this way: "The Japanese adopt a laser-beam copy of Dr. Grove's New York Times article approach, concentrating on particular tar­ First, individual company excellence; second, gets and virtually obliterating those indus­ intercompany cooperation; and third, govern­ and the Times recent article about Intel. tries, one by one." Meanwhile, their home ment-industry cooperation. I urge my colleagues to take the time to market continues to be protected. Individual company excellence: The first read them. They are both important contribu­ 3. After the American industry has been was the report in the April 3 edition of the tions to understanding how the United States driven from the scene, true free-market New York Times, entitled, "An 'Awesome' can more effectively compete in the new principles are proclaimed and practiced. Intel Corners its Market." This article reports world economy. The semiconductor industry, in which I how Intel has almost entirely dominated the [From the New York Times, Dec. 13, 19871 work, is a key element in the chain of indus­ tries that make up the electronics business. world market for the 366 chip used in today's WINNING THE TRADE WAR-REGAIN The earlier loss of the domestic consumer cutting-edge personal computers. Significantly, LEADERSHIP BY WORKING TOGETHER electronics industry affected us in the same the article notes that Intel invested over $100 but it is a large one. Personal computers How are we doing? The American semi­ SANTA CLARA, CA.-In company presenta­ using the new chip, like l.B.M.'s PS/2 Model conductor industry came out of the bruising tions, the Intel Corporation's president, 80 and the Compaq Deskpro 386, began ap­ two-year slump of 1985 and 1986 tattered Andrew S. Grove, displays a cartoon that pearing on the market only in the last year but alive. We actually gained market share depicts Intel as a castle. Attackers are or so. So far, the chips have been used in at home from 1984 to 1987, but hanging in coming from all directions brandishing a va­ high-end machines but sales should increase there cost us a bundle. We suffered major riety of weapons-lawsuits, competitive dramatically in the coming years as users losses, around $2 billion. But the cost of this products and imitations of Intel's product­ shift to a new generation of equipment em­ battle is estimated to have been more than all after the jewel of the kingdom that is ploying a new operating system known as twice as great for our Japanese competitors. hidden inside. OS/2. In 1987, Intel sold about 700,000 of In innovation and manufacturing, the The jewel is a piece of silicon smaller than the 386 chips. This year it is likely to ship 2 American semiconductor industry is still a postage stamp that contains 275,000 mi­ million at an average price of almost $250, competitive. But will it remain so? croscopic transistors. And so far, Intel has making the 386 a half-billion-dollar product. Our biggest concern is that much of the protected its prize well, perhaps too well for What is irksome to competitors is that the comfort of some of its cutomers. The there is a fair amount of luck involved in all information processing industry is gradually personal computer industry and Wall Street of this. Intel has made as many mistakes shifting out of the United Sates. First, elec­ are waking up to the fact that Intel has one and missed as many opportunities as any tronic subsystems migrated across the Pacif­ of the most lucrative monopolies in Amer­ company and yet is still coming out on top. ic Ocean. Now, a large portion of completed ica. It is the designer and sole supplier of its Its archrival, Motorola, introduced its computer systems are being imported, even silicon jewel-the 80386 microprocessor, a 68020 microprocessor, the direct competitor if they are sold here under American brand computer chip that is the central compo­ of the 386, nearly two years before Intel did names. nent of the latest and most advanced per­ and some engineers believe it is superior. If these trends continue, our industry will sonal computers made by the International Motorola sells the chip to Apple, Commo­ end up with a large share of a shrinking Business Machines Corporation and most dore and Atari as well as to companies like American market. other manufacturers. Sun Microsystems, which produce work sta­ The picture is no more reassuring when There are other microprocessors on the tions, a powerful desktop computer used by we look at the makers of the tools of pro­ market, but they do not easily run the in­ engineers and other technical professionals. duction that we use. The companies that de­ dustry's standard software. And while Intel Last year the 68020 still outsold the 386. velop such tools and production equipment licensed previous generations of its chips to But in 1980, l.B.M. chose an earlier gen­ are vitally dependent on our well-being, and other companies, it has kept control over eration of Intel processor, the 8088, as the vice versa. Even if we still buy most of our the 386, as the chip is popularly known, key to its new personal computer, and the tools from American vendors, we increasing­ except for giving permission to l.B.M. to entire industry of business personal comput­ ly find them weakened and not able to de­ produce some for its own needs. Other ers, with the exception of Apple, then velop and produce critical pieces. This in makers of personal computers have no standardized around that. The PC industry turn weakens us vis-a-vis our foreign compe­ choice but to go to Intel. As a result, Intel now is locked into the Intel architecture, tition, leading to more decline. not only has the jewel, it now rules the which is best suited to running the domi­ Our industry is not unique. In 1980, Amer­ kingdom. nant MS-DOS and OS/2 operating systems. ican industry produced 6 percent more man­ "It's got a lock on the market," said Adam "There is such a thing as luck and then ufactured goods than our society consumed. Cuhney, semiconductor analyst with you grab it and exploit -it," said Dr. Grove. By 1986, our manufacturing plants turned Kidder, Peabody & Company. Rajiv Intel aims to do just that. It realizes that out only 85 percent of the goods consumer Chaudhri of Goldman, Sachs & Company competitors will eventually figure out how here. We have turned into a nation of agreed: "It's awesome how well they are po­ to compete with the 386. It also realizes that people who sell one another foreign-built sitioned." it is highly dependent on the personal com­ goods financed by selling off our capital Indeed, with the 386 in short supply for puter market and could be vulnerable if assets. two years, just how Intel allocates the chip that market slows. What should we do about all this? I be­ among its customers can determine who will So rather than merely defend its castle, lieve that what we need is a new vision of prosper and who will fade in the computer Intel is initiating attacks of its own. On competitive behavior. Even though our pref­ industry. Tuesday, for instance, it will introduce a erence and value system lean toward the in­ Intel insists it has been fair in its alloca­ series of microprocessors intended for uses dividual, we need to think in terms of na­ tion practices. "We are very meticulous other than inside personal computers. On tional entrepreneurship. about all of that," said Dr. Grove, who said Wednesday, Sun Microsystems will intro­ To start with, we must acknowledge Intel's supply will catch up to demand in a duce a family of work stations based on the loudly and clearly, starting with the Presi­ few months. Still, some customers are 386, an announcement that will help push uneasy. A fire in an Intel factory, they say, the 386 into the higher reaches of the com­ dent of the United States, that there is a na­ could put the brakes on the growth of the puter industry. tional stake involved in how our industries entire personal computer industry. More­ Behind the moves is Intel's plan to trans­ fare in internatioal competition. We should over, even if Intel can supply enough chips, form itself from a semiconductor company use our access to foreign markets as a condi­ prices won't drop as fast as they would if into more of a computer company, or what tion for foreign access to our markets. Our there were competition. "Intel will be con­ it calls a microcomputer company, thereby Government should enforce dumping laws trolling the price," said Safi Qureshey, escaping commodity pricing, Japanese com­ quickly and consistently. And we must start president of AST Research Inc. of Irving, petition and the capital-intensive nature of taking coordinated action-Government and Calif., a manufacturer of personal comput­ the semiconductor industry. "We are not a industry together-to promote industrial ers and circuit boards. semiconductor company in a conventional well being. For Intel, the success of the 386 has been sense," Dr. Grove said. "We are really a Sematech, the proposed manufacturing­ a boon, restoring the luster to a 20-year-old company that produces stuff for microcom­ development consortium, represents such an company whose reputation as the most in­ puters." action. It would serve the interests of pro­ novative and successful semiconductor How well Intel manages to capitalize on ducers and users of semiconductors as well maker in the world has been tarnished by its temporary good fortune and make this as those of the makers of the tools of pro­ setbacks in the last few years. transition could be the final test of the tri­ duction. It would also serve the interests of Last year, Intel's revenues grew 50 per­ umvirate of engineers that has led Intel our Government. All beneficiaries have cent, to $1.9 billion. Profits reached $248 since its inception and, in a few years, will agreed-or, I hope, are about to agree-to million. Even excluding about $90 million in be ready to pass on the mantle of leader­ being "taxed" to finance this important ven­ extraordinary gains, that is still a dramatic ship. It is a team that helped invent many ture. turn-around from the $173 million net loss key products in the semiconductor industry, Some have criticized Sematech, calling it in 1986. Analysts expect sales to grow an­ but one that has also squandered its lead in an example of a government bail-out. I see other 40 percent this year, to $2.6 billion, many areas. it as example of national entrepreneurship. and profits, excluding extraordinary gains, Intel was founded by two men who are I hope it will be given a chance and that it to more than double. If that rate were to now legends in the industry, Robert N. will be emulated in other industries. continue, it wouldn't be too many years Noyce, the co-inventor of the integrated cir- 6966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 cuit, and Gordon E. Moore, a technical vi­ 1986 annual report, Intel noted, "We met uct, sold in retail stores, is a circuit board sionary, who remains shy and unassuming our customer needs and helped expand the that plugs into an older generation comput­ despite having become one of the country's total market for our products, but we also er and turns it into a 386-based machine. wealthiest individuals. Drs. Noyce and lost control over a generation of our prod­ Intel's systems business accounted for $500 Moore had founded the Fairchild Camera ucts and created our own competition." million in revenues in 1987 and is growing and Instrument Corporation, one of the ear­ Intel therefore says that it is determined 20 to 30 percent a year. liest semiconductor companies in Silicon to be the sole supplier for the 386 aside Sell more Intel chips per personal comput­ Valley and which later became known as from its licensing arrangement with I.B.M. the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. But competitors are trying to compete with er. The earliest I.B.M. PC had only about But in 1968 they became disenchanted and it nonetheless. $20 of Intel chips in it, including a $5 micro­ left to form Intel. Many companies are offering chips far processor, said Mr. Chaudhri of Goldman It was at Fairchild that Dr. Moore first faster than the 386. Many are based on a Sachs. The most sophisticated 386-based hired Dr. Grove. Born in Hungary as Andras design philosophy known as reduced in­ computers, like the Compaq Deskpro 386, Grof, Dr. Grove left after the uprisings in struction set computing, or RISC. Borrow­ have three or four Intel chips worth up to 1956. Despite being weak in English, he ing a leaf from Intel's old strategy, Sun Mi­ $800. graduated first in his class at City College in crosystems is freely licensing its RISC chip, A company called Chips and Technologies New York. hoping it will become a standard. Inc. of Milpitas, Calif., has prospered by Dr. Grove was actually turned down for These chips cannot easily run software de­ selling a chip set that allows any computer employment at Texas Instruments because veloped for the MS-DOS or OS/2 operating manufacturer to quickly make an I.B.M.­ his Ph.D. dissertation, involving fluid dy­ systems. However, software translation pro­ compatible PC, Intel is expected to enter namics, was deemed not relevant for semi­ grams, known as emulators, are being devel­ that market later this year, concentrating conductors. But Dr. Moore hired him after oped that allow microprocessors made by on chip sets for clones of the I.B.M. PS/2 receiving a two-sentence letter of recom­ Motorola and others to run MS-DOS pro­ Model 80, which uses the 386. mendation from his professor. "This is a grams. Such emulation slows things down, In the next few years, another challenge truly exceptional individual," Dr. Moore re­ but as mircoprocessors become more power­ that will confront Intel is a management calls the letter as saying. "Whoever hires ful, this is less of a problem. transition, which has already started. Dr. him will be very lucky." Other companies are trying to clone the Noyce, the 60-year-old vice chairman, Dr. Grove joined Intel on Day One, to run 386. How much Intel will be able to protect phased himself out of active management research and development. But he was a its chip through copyrights is likely to be years ago. Dr. Moore, 59, the chairman, man with intense energy who probed into determined by the outcome of a legal battle what everyone else was doing and soon it is having with the NEC Corporation, talks about reducing his role in two years or became the third man at the top. Strong­ which cloned an earlier generation of Intel so. willed and blunt-talking. Dr. Grove is a microprocessors. If Intel loses, a bunch of For now, that is concentrating power in sharp contrast to Dr. Moore. "It's almost 386 clones will come out of the woodwork, the hands of Dr. Grove, 51. Dr. Grove has like Clark Kent and Superman," one Intel said Michael Slater, editor of Microproces­ been the inside man at Intel, in charge of official said. sor Report, a newsletter published in Palo such tasks as the cutback of 7 ,000 employ­ Last year, in a diner atop San Francisco's Alto, Calif. ees during the last semiconductor slump. TransAmerica building, Dr. Moore surprised Intel is also locked in a bitter arbitration That, and his strong-mindedness, have not Dr. Grove by transferring the chief execu­ with Advanced Micro Devices Inc., a chip made him universally popular at the compa­ tive position to him. company that is a second source for an ear­ ny. In its early years, Intel quickly blazed a lier Intel microprocessor, the 286, and con­ Still, those who know him say he is as fiery path in the semiconductor industry. It tends it is entitled by that agreement to li­ quick to praise as to condemn and that he developed the first dynamic random access cense the 386. A lot is at stake, particularly has refined many of the rough edges. Dr. memory chip, or D-RAM, now the main for Advanced Micro, whose chairman, W.J. Grove has warned to the public limelight, device used to store information in comput­ Sanders, 3d, has vowed to "fight until the becoming a leading spokesman for Intel and ers. Intel also was first with the EPROM last dog is dead." the semiconductor industry. He has enunci­ and static RAM, two other types of memory A final threat could come from Intel's ated his management philosophy in two chips. largest customer, I.B.M. Every time a rumor books, "High Output Management" and "In 1973 and 1974, we had three products starts that I.B.M. is about to produce some "One-on-One With Andy Grove." He also and we had a monopoly in all of them," Dr. of its own 386 chips, Intel's stock plungers. writes a syndicated newspaper column that Moore recalled. But Intel, being small, li­ In truth, I.B.M. is not likely to begin censed its technology freely in return for making the chips for two years or so; under has been dubbed the "Dear Abby of the favors from the larger companies. "We the license's agreement, Intel is guaranteed workplace." cross-licensed with everyone who could spell the right to provide much of I.B.M.'s needs Still, Intel insiders say that as Dr. Grove semiconductor," Dr. Moore said. Competi­ until 1990. takes on more of the top jobs, he must dele­ tion, especially from Japan, sprang up, and Intel is not waiting for competition. It is gate more operations to underlings. That Intel lost much of its lead. In 1985, it exited hoping to blanket the market with the 386 has not been easy for him to do. the D-RAM market it had pioneered. in a variety of ways. Its tactics include the Among the leading candidates to succeed The invention that was to mean the most, following: Dr. Grove, Intel insiders say, are David L. however, was not a chip intended to store Gradually lower the price of the 386 to House, 45, and Laurence R. Hootnick, 46. information but to manipulate it. In 1971, spread it into new markets. As powerful Both are senior vice presidents who share an Intel engineer named Marcian E. RISC chips grab the high end of the responsibility for Intel's business group that Hoff was working on a chip for pocket cal­ market, the 386 will migrate to more of a includes microprocessors and memory chips. culators when he came up with the first mi­ mass market, becoming what Dr. Grove Mr. House is described as an expert market­ croprocessor. Logic circuits built until that calls the "Volkscomputer.'' er, Mr. Hootnick as a no-nonsense oper­ time were designed to do one task, like per­ Introduce a variety of microprocessors ations man with a technical bent. forming arithmetic operations. But the mi­ aimed at different markets. On Tuesday, Other · possible candidates are Craig R. croprocessor, like a computer, was a general Intel will introduce devices aimed at the so­ Barrett, 48, a former Stanford professor purpose device that could be programmed to called embedded controller market. These who has helped whip Intel's manufacturing do different tasks. That was why it quickly are microprocessors hidden inside appli­ operations into shape, and Leslie L. Vadasz, became known as the computer-on-a-chip. ances like sewing machines and laser print­ 51, head of the systems business. But Intel missed some key opportunities, ers. One family of chips, the 80960, will be a the biggest, of course, being the personal new fast set of controller chips using some No successor is likely to be named for at computer itself. As the inventor of the mi­ elements of RISC technology. Intel will also least several years. While Dr. Grove has in­ croprocessor, it could have invented the per­ introduce the 80376, a stripped-down ver­ dicated he will retire at age 55, "that's as sonal computer as well. "We slept through sion of the 80386 that will sell for $100 and likely to be adhered to as the 55 mile-per­ it," Dr. Grove recalled. By the time it woke which will not be able to run the MS-DOS hour speed limit," said Dr. Moore. up, Apple and others were way out in front. operating system. In the meantime, Dr. Grove and the rest Still, all this did not matter after Intel's Sell computer systems, not merely chips. of Intel can look forward to a 20th birthday microprocessor, the 8088, was chosen by Intel is selling some customers circuit in which they are on top of two industries­ I.B.M. for its initial PC. At first, to encour­ boards or complete computers. It is not semiconductors and personal computers­ age widespread use of its designs, Intel li­ likely to sell computers at retail because it that they, as much as anyone, helped to censed the designs to others. In some cases, would compete with its customers. But it is create. these second sources outsold Intel. In its edging in that direction. One popular prod- April 14, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6967 THE BIRTH OF THE SIKH County News which I know will be of interest If the contract hiring is done in Houston NATION AND RELIGION to my colleagues. While times have been very it stands to reason that contractors must be hard for the citizens of the oil patch, there re­ headquartered in Houston-to the detri­ mains a positive, times will get better attitude. ment of the local economy. HON. ROBERT G. TORRICELLI It's coming as sure as death, taxes, and OF NEW JERSEY I hope my colleagues will read these editorials Congressional inertia. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and see that West Texans are working hard With a gradual disappearance of oil com­ for a better future. Wednesday, April 13, 1988 pany district offices, of local contractors, of DRIFTING SANDS local personnel, there is no way under the Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. Speaker, I would like sun that Andrews can sustain it's present to bring my colleagues' attention to an event

19-059 0-89-32 (Pt. 5) 6970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 this opportunity also to congratulate the great Portsmouth's offense came to life in the less of others than the best they can produce. job of the Boosters Club and its president, Dr. last 55 seconds of the period as the Trojans He is loved and feared, but mostly admired Joe Varacalli. The caravans that were orga­ hit three quick baskets to cut the deficit to 41-38. and respected. nized to transport hundreds of avid Trojan Then the Trojans went to work on de­ A recent profile in Texas Business maga­ fans to games on the road were a credit to a fense. zine, which I share with my colleagues, paints great organization and the enthusiasm of a The Wolverines' Shaun Kearney scored to an excellent portrait of Bob Bullock, the man community for its team. give his team a 47-44 lead with 5:35 to go in and the public servant. Bob Bullock clearly is Mr. Speaker, I commend to the attention of the game. It would be the Wolverines' last a unique individual and a credit to the State of my colleagues in the House an article written points of the game. Portsmouth outscored Texas. the Wolverines 10-0 in the last 3:36 of the by Portsmouth Daily Times Sports Editor Phil [FROM THE TEXAS BUSINESS MAGAZINE, APRIL Bowman. I feel this article captures the spirit game to claim the crown. "I just think that our defense was the 1988] of the Portsmouth High School victory. turning point,'' Suboticki said. "We dug in Calling the Shots The article follows: and dug down. Any time you can hold an­ CFrom the Portsmouth Daily Times, Mar. other team scoreless for five minutes, that's with Social Security back in 1977, and how ready receiving or about to receive Social It is the third largest agency in the feder­ we should address the problem-a problem, Security, the 1977 amendments did not al government; only the Department of De­ whether real or imagined, which must be change the computation rules for anyone fense and the Postal Service are bigger. confronted immediately. reaching age 62 before 1979. Further, so as It operates the largest health-care deliv­ The General Accounting Office to gradually phase-in the benefit change, in­ ery system of its kind in the world, runs the report can be looked upon as a source of edi­ dividuals becoming eligible for retirement nation's largest life-insurance program and fication for some very complicated ques­ benefits by reaching age 62 in 1979-83 were implements housing and education plans tions. The report verified that the "notch" allowed to compute their benefits under that affect America's entire economy. does exist, or more specifically, that there new rules or under the old rules with some It can potentially affect the lives of 79 are benefit differences between those who limitations, whichever would result in million citizens-almost one out of every were born on or before 1916 and those born higher benefits. The modified old law for­ three Americans. between 1917-21. mula is called the transitional guarantee Yet when the President and his Cabinet This issue has fostered a large degree of and is available to all individuals born from gather to decide national policies, its man­ lost faith in the Social Security System on 1917 to 1921. agers do not sit in conference with them. the part of those individuals born in the Despite these efforts to provide a fair Why? Because this agency is the Veterans years 1917-21. Many of the more than seven phase-in in the necessary 1977 law, many in­ Administration, an independent entity that million workers born after 1916 who have dividuals born in the years 1917 to 1921 find does not have Cabinet status, despite its filed for retirement benefits during the past that their benefits are much lower than vast impact on the lives of our citizens. eight years have vigorously expressed con­ people with identical work histories born in I have cosponsored legislation to make the cern about the situation. 1916 and earlier. To a large degree, this is VA a Cabinet-level agency, a proposal that I share this concern, and I have worked to evident because those people born before President Reagan has endorsed. The meas­ address the matter for the past several 1917 were able to take advantage of the un­ ure would, at long last, place veterans' af­ years. expected high inflation years of 1978 to fairs on the same level as agriculture, com­ In 1986 the House Social Security Sub­ 1981 in their benefit calculations. merce, transportation and similarly impor­ committee directed the General Accounting H.R. 1721 addresses the unanticipated dis­ tant matters at the top of the nation's Office to conduct a thorough study of the parities created by the 1977 law by allowing agenda. "notch." After much anticipation, the GAO "notch babies" to calculate earnings after What does "Cabinet status" mean? What study has finally been released. age 61 on par with those individuals born benefit would giving such status to the VA Several bills have been introduced to ad­ before 1917 and providing a percentage of produce for veterans and for the country? dress the "notch" problem. Some "notch" the difference between old law and new law. Cabinet members are the President's chief bills propose to return to the old, flawed I believe that this bill, which costs $24.3 advisers, providing guidance and informa­ 1972 formula. Others would lengthen the billion from 1988-1996-an average of $2.6 tion that permits the President to set the phase-in period and "notch" more retirees. billion per year-is a reasonable and respon­ nation's future course. To be part of the My bill is based on congressional intent. sible approach to resolving the "notch" Cabinet would permit the VA to be at the The transitional guarantee formula reduces problem. table when critical policy decisions are benefits incorrectly and must be modified. Through legislation such as H.R. 1721 and made. At a time when the government seeks I have introduced "The Notch Baby Act of a substantive Congressional effort, faith in to reduce federal deficits and set new na­ 1987" whose presence once graced this body and sation, pension and other entitlements rang­ benefit. who now serves in the other body. Those of ing from job training to rehabilitation to This formula allows for a phase-in of the education assistance go to our citizens each new benefit computation law created by the us who remember him here should not be sur­ year. In turn, VA programs affect those in 1977 Social Security amendments that is prised that he should rise to the defense of an real estate, homebuilders, educators, bank­ uniform and follows congressional intent idea whose time has come-the elevation of ers, doctors and many others. relative to the 1977 law. And I want to em­ the Veterans' Administration to a cabinet-level The Veterans Administration doesn't just phasize that the declining percentages used department-with his usual eloquence. affect the private sector, however. Its ac­ in the formula are a function of providing a On one full page of the April edition of VFW tions affect other federal programs, many of uniform phase-in; they are not indicative of magazine, Senator GRAMM demolishes the which are run by Cabinet-level agencies. For the difference between old law and new law. reasoning of the liberal editorial writers ar­ instance, VA projects that deal with health The basic philosophy behind H.R. 1721 is care, medical training and research have an simple and can be represented graphically. rayed against my bill to upgrade the VA. He impact on the country comparable to that Under old law there is a precipitous drop in reminds us that there are few families in this of the Department of Health and Human benefits for those born between 1917-1921; country unaffected by veterans legislation, Services. Its housing policies affect home whereas, under H.R. 1721, the drop in bene­ which touches upon more areas of public life construction and financing as much as those fits for "notch babies" would be less abrupt. than many of us realize. In fact, the VA's of the Department of Housing and Urban Individuals born before 1917 are receiving impact will increase in the coming years. Development. The education benefits pro­ benefits under a different formula-initiat­ He reminds us that upgrading the VA would vided by the VA make it as important in the ed in 1972-that erroneously results in their be fiscally responsible and an act of overdue field of post-secondary education as the De­ receiving dual compensation for inflation in­ partment of Education. creases. Had the 1972 formula been main­ justice for the millions of men and women Moreover, the VA's impact on our lives tained, the Social Security system would who have interrupted and risked their lives. It will grow in the coming years. One statistic have gone bankrupt. The 1977 Social Securi­ is my pleasure to enter the entire article in the illustrates the point: although 36% of ty amendments bill, which affects everyone RECORD. today's U.S. males 65 and over are veterans, 6974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 by the year 2000 that percentage will rise to President of the United States reaffirming the these are people who spend their days talk­ an estimated 62%. This aging veterans' pop­ commitment of this Government to construc­ ing about things called "quarks," which, ulation will place greater demands on our tion of the world's largest particle accelerator. some claim, exist in two places at the same health-care systems and bring the VA even Moving forward on this project will assure the time-and I thought, why worry? [Laugh­ more prominently into the debate over na­ ter.] tional priorities. continued preeminence of this Nation in the The fact is, I envy the students here today Would making the Veterans Administra­ rapidly advancing field of high energy physics, because they exist in a world that seems to tion a Cabinet-level agency cost money? No. provide a scientific research tool that would put no limits on the imagination. Outer The VA already has 240,000 employees ad­ not only attract the world's top physicists to space used to be called "the final frontier," ministering a budget of more than $28 bil­ this Nation, but would also boost our sagging but today we've begun to tap another fron­ lion a year. Its size and operations are dic­ education programs in the sciences. This tier-inner space-whose infinitesimal con­ tated by veterans' needs and those of their technology has already produced significant stellations hold out infinite possibilities. dependents and survivors. Having the VA as societal benefits in such fields as cancer treat­ It may be a cliche, but it's nevertheless part of the Cabinet would simply ensure true, that the pace of progress is constantly that the interests of this key segment of the ment and nuclear medicine, and commitment accelerating. I think one of the reasons I've population are heard and considered at the to the SSC at this time holds the promise of always had so little patience with those who highest levels of government when impor­ perhaps the most dramatic and important ad­ talk about the "limits to growth" is that in tant budget or policy decisions are made. vances in the study of matter to date. Just as my lifetime I've seen those limits shattered Giving the Veterans Administration the the space program has yielded tremendous again and again by questing minds. When I status of a Cabinet agency is the right thing benefits in not only our understanding of the was very young, horsepower was still the to do. It is a step consistent with the needs universe but real world applications that have kind you fed with hay. Powered flight was of veterans and the best interests of the benefited mankind, so too does the SSC rep­ still a relatively new thing. And before the country. It is in keeping with Abraham Lin­ resent the key to a whole new generation of turn of the century, we plan to have men coln's call in his Second Inaugural Address living and working in stations in space and a "to care for him who shall have borne the advances in science and beyond. new hypersonic plane that can fly from battle and for his widow, and his orphan." And yes, Mr. Speaker, we must remain here to Tokyo in less than three hours. Our nation's veterans interrupted their steadfast in our pursuit of meaningful deficit I know that some people may question the jobs, their education and their families, and reduction to preserve a bright economic future practical applications of the superconduct­ often risked their lives, to serve this coun­ for our children. But we must also recognize ing super collider. The strange world of su­ try. Providing them the recognition and visi­ that construction of the SSC now is nothing batomic particles they may think will never bility they deserve through a Cabinet-level short of a national imperative if we are to sus­ be more than an arcane interest to a few Department of Veterans Affairs is not too highly specialized scientists. But the truth much to ask. tain our leadership role in the world scientific community, and extend to our children and is, the practical applications of this knowl­ edge are already changing the way we live. future generations the hope for an improved One of my favorite examples is from the HE DIDN'T SAY A THING quality of life that the practical applications of computer industry. One scientist describes this technology and the new knowledge it will the progress in that industry by making this HON. CHESTER G. ATKINS give us brings. comparison: "If automotive technology had OF MASSACHUSETTS Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to progressed as fast and as far as supercon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place in the RECORD the remarks of President ductor technology has in the last 20 years," he says, "a Rolls Royce today would cost Wednesday, April 13, 1988 Reagan from a Rose Garden ceremony of March 30, 1988. Joined by 4 Nobel Prize win­ less than $3.00, get three million miles to Mr. ATKINS. Mr . . Speaker, I would like to ners and 35 exceptional high school students the gallon, and six of them would fit on the head of a pin." [Laughter.] comment on the outrageous disclosure this from the Department of Energy's Science week that former White House spokesman Well, the technological revolution he's de­ Honors Program, the President again made scribing is transforming our world, and it Larry Speakes made up quotes for his boss. I clear his commitment to construction of the was only made possible by the knowledge feel eminently qualified to comment because SSC. I call on my colleagues to join with the scientists have brought back from their ex­ the following remarks are not my own. President in making the commitment to fund plorations of inner space. Every time some­ Now, Mr. Speaker, there are many things construction of this historic undertaking. Our one turns on his desk computer, makes a that Mr. Speakes should be condemned for­ Nation's limitless thirst for knowledge, and the phone call, or plays a video game, he's plug­ for instance, distorting the truth, leaving gov­ need to retain our position of leadership in an ging into that mysterious world of quantum physics. ernment service to cash in on a big job on increasingly competitive world community de­ Wall Street; writing a kiss and tell book; and The superconducting super collider is the mands that we pursue the promise of the su­ doorway to that new world of quantum most particularly, getting into a fight with re­ perconducting super collider. change, of quantum progress for science and porters, who always have the last word. The PRESIDENT. Thank you, Dr. Weinberg. for our economy. In the face of ever increas­ But the real crime here, Mr. Speaker, is not And thank you all very much and welcome ing global competition, the United States that Mr. Speakes made up quotes for his to the White House. must maintain the leading edge in science boss-he might just as well have admitted It's a great pleasure to have so many and technology, and building the world's that Ronald Reagan is an actor. The real present and future scientific pioneers in the largest particle accelerator is a visible crime is that he bragged about it. Rose Garden with us today. Along with symbol of our nation's determination to How often has it been said by reporters members of Congress and the administra­ stay out front. Benjamin Franklin once said tion, we have no fewer than four Nobel lau­ that an investment in knowledge pays the after listening to our speeches "Well, he didn't reates in the audience, as well as many of best interest." say a thing." the top science students from . the Depart­ I want to commend you all on your cause, Mr. Speaker, in the interest of honesty in ment of Energy's Science Honors Program. your vision, and the message of progress government, full disclosure, and the integrity I'm tempted to paraphrase an earlier presi­ and competitiveness you carry with you of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I must now dent who once said, there's never before today. And it's my hope that Congress will declare that nothing of what I have just said been so much talent assembled in one place show equal vision by approving funding to have I just said. in the White House since-well, since I initiate construction of the super collider. I hosted the Washington Redskins on the think all they'd need to do is meet some of South Lawn last month. [Laughter.] these students here today to see to-that it THE PROMISE OF THE SUPER­ But the reason we're here, of course, is to is our responsibility to the next generation CONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER talk about the superconducting super col­ to keep America a place where we can lider, as you've probably guessed already. I dream big dreams and then make them real. have to confess that when I first heard I have to interject something here before HON. JIM KOLBE about this place where things go round and I conclude. In my lifetime, and not-and OF ARIZONA round at great speeds and then crash into only the recent part of my lifetime-after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each other, I thought they were talking about 25 years in movies and so forth, I was about a presidential campaign. [Laughter.] representing the General Electric Theatre Wednesday, April 13, 1988 At first I was a little nervous addressing so on television. And I visited one of their Mr. KOLBE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to share many distinguished scientists on a subject plants in Schenectady early on, and they with my colleagues a recent address by the of such complexity, but then I realized proudly took me in and showed me what April 14, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6975 turns out to be the first computer. They [From the New York Times, Apr. 2, 1988] agency Tass, not surprisingly, trumpeted called it an electric brain. It would have­ SEAL AND DELIVER THE GENOCIDE PACT both at home and abroad the United States' well, it would have fit in the Rose Garden , properly invoked the memory HON. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, JR. of H.R. 4243, the "Genocide Convention Im­ of the late Raphael Lemkin. OF WEST VIRGINIA plementation Act." It was this Polish Jewish immigrant who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Determined to prevent a repetition of the coined the term "genocide" (joining the Wednesday, April 13, 1988 Nazis' deliberate and systematic annihilation Greek word for "species" to the Latin word of a people, the United Nations General As­ for the infinitive "to kill"). What Winston Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, recently Churchill had called "a crime without a Tucker County, in my district, lost one of its sembly on December 11 , 1946, unanimously name" was forever given an appropriate passed a resolution declaring genocide "a leading citizens. Mr. Richard H. (Dick) Arm­ one. strong of Parsons, one of Tucker County's crime under international law, contrary to the Using 11 languages, Mr. Lemkin had lob­ spirit and aims of the United Nations and con­ bied several dozen United Nations delega­ largest employers and most avid supporter of demned by the civilized world." Two years tions between 1946 and 1948 in order to win youth sports, died of an apparent heart attack later the General Assembly unanimously ap­ a unanimous General Assembly vote for the on March 18, while vacationing with his wife proved the text of the Convention on the Pre­ treaty on Dec. 9, 1948. To the media's Catherine in Texas. United Nations correspondents, he was a re­ Mr. Armstrong was a successful business­ vention and Punishment of the Crime of markable figure who had somehow pre­ Genocide. man, a professional engineer, an owner and vailed over formal diplomatic niceties and builder of race cars, a horseman, and a regis­ The Genocide Convention has been in force the initial indifference of sovereign coun­ since January 12, 1951, and 96 other coun­ tries. tered pilot. He was a member of the Tucker tries have become parties. Although United A brilliant international legal scholar, Mr. County Athletic Boosters Association, and he States representatives to the United Nations Lemkin had survived the Holocaust by flee­ is credited with being the "driving force" played an important role in drafting the treaty ing first to Sweden and then to the United behind the construction of a football stadium and signed it on December 11, 1948, the States, where he served on the law faculties for Tucker County High School. Mr. Armstrong of Duke University and Yale University. He donated some $100,000 in labor and equip­ United States has not yet ratified it. remained painfully conscious of what the After nearly 37 years of consideration, on ment to ensure that his community would Nazi extermination policy involved, for it have a stadium to be proud of. Mr. Armstrong February 19, 1986, the Senate voted 83 to 11 embraced some 50 members of his own to give its advice and consent to ratification of family. The genocide treaty marked for him turned down an invitation to have the new sta­ the treaty. Before the President can sign the "an epitaph on my mother's grave." dium bear his name. but now there are those formal instrument of ratification, it is necessary It was to his adopted country that he in Tucker County who are asking that Tucker for both the House and Senate to act on leg­ looked for early ratification. This would County Memorial Stadium be renamed in his honor. islation that would make genocide a crime in serve, Mr. Lemkin said, as "an inspiration to the world." Indeed, the United States was I join with others in extending our deepest U.S. law. H.R. 4243 would, in effect, imple­ the first to sign the treaty and President ment the Genocide Convention and make it sympathy to Mr. Armstrong's wife, the former Harry S Truman soon afterward transmit­ Catherine Shaffer of Parsons, and other mem­ the law of the land. ted it to the Senate for its early "advice and The vote on the Genocide Convention Im­ consent." But there the treaty became bers of the Armstrong family. There is no plementation Act is appropriately scheduled caught up in interminable ideological con­ doubt that Tucker County has lost a fine for April 14, Holocaust Remembrance Day, an flicts, the logic of which makes little sense person and dedicated civic leader with the occasion to remember the very type of horror today. passing of Mr. Richard H. (Dick) Armstrong. The delay in ratification stunned the trea­ Mr. Speaker, I insert two items from the this legislation commits its signatories to work ty's architect. He feared, as very well he against. Parsons Advocate about Mr. Richard Arm­ might, that people would forget the Holo­ strong: As a member of the House Judiciary Com­ caust. Already. he noted, many "believe that mittee, which has jurisdiction over the bill, I Dachau, Auschwitz. Buchenwald are manu­ [From the Parsons Advocate, Mar. 23, 1988] supported H.R. 4243 when it was reported out factured war propaganda." He died in 1959, R.H. ARMSTRONG DIES ON VACATION of committee March 31 , and I intend to sup­ disappointed but still hoping that America R.H. Armstrong of Parsons, one of Tucker port the legislation once again today when it would provide the required leadership to County's largest employers and most enthu­ comes to a vote on the floor of the House. champion human rights and international siastic sports fans, died last Friday after­ Mr. Speaker, I would bring to the attention law. noon of an apparent heart attack while va­ Failure to ratify the treaty has, in fact, cationing in Texas. of my colleagues an excellent article on this proved costly to the American image in the Richard H.

FISCAL YEAR 1989 "ALTERNATIVE" BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, SUMMARY OF ESTIMATES BY APPROPRIATION BY MAJOR ACTIVITY [In thousands of dollars]

Fiscal year- Alternative versus Fiscal Alternative versus 1980 actual 1986 actual 1988 appropriation 1989 DOE request 1989 alternative Year 1988 request

ENERGY CONSERVATION I. Energy conservation R&D: A. Transportation ...... $109,500 57.457 51,828 28,382 55,100 + 3,272 +26.718 New initiatives ··································· ...... 40)08 . 0 0 5,400 +5.400 +5.400 B. Industrial...... ·58:200 33,094 16,452 32,600 -494 +16,148 New initiatives ...... ··· · ············ ·· ·· ·· ········ ··· ···· ··············· ····· ·· ·········98:300··· 0 0 4,100 +4.100 +4,100 C. Buildings and community systems """"37 :862 "" 33,596 14,950 47,250 +13.454 + 32,300 New initiatives ... ·· ······· 25.922 1,050 o 8,700 + 7,650 + 8.700 D. Multi-Sector...... 77 ,800 29,003 24,157 34,075 + 5,072 +9.918 New initiatives ...... 0 0 2,500 + 2,500 2,500 E. Policy and management ...... NA 1,726 1,662 2,386 2,386 +724 o F. Facilities ...... 6,000 0 0 - 6,000 0 Subtotal, conservation R&D ... 343,800 163,675 156,233 86,327 192,111 + 35,878 + 105,784 II. State and local assistance programs: A. Institutional Conservative Program (schools and hospitals) 143,800 44 ,888 25,156 0 35 ,600 + 10,444 +35,600 B. State Energy conservative Program (EPCA) grants) ...... 37 ,800 17,903 9,159 0 18,800 +9,281 + 18,800 C. Energy Extension Service ...... 25,000 7,300 3,968 0 6,000 +2,032 +6,000 D. Weatherization Assistance program ...... 199,000 182,084 161 ,357 0 168,000 +6,643 + 168,000 E. Territories assistance ...... NA 476 0 o 200 +200 +200 F. Program direction ...... , .. NA 9.745 12,095 8,605 18,500 +6,405 +9,895 G. Other ...... 26,200 NA NA NA NA NA NA Subtotal, State and local assistance programs ...... 431 ,800 261,920 212,095 8,605 247 ,100 +35,005 + 238,495 Total, energy conservation ..... 775,600 425,595 368,328 94,932 439,211 + 70,883 +344,279

It is time to revitalize the deteriorating issues the Congress should consider when low-emissivity windows-an energy saving federal commitment to energy efficiency. funding DOE energy programs: product developed through a federal pro­ Successful and productive federal energy Meeting Energy Needs Cost Effectively: gram-costs about $2 per million Btu of conservation programs deserve funding in­ Numerous studies conclude that the U.S. energy saved, which is less than half the creases and will sow the seeds for future in­ could further reduce its annual energy bill cost of natural gas. These technologies and creases in energy efficiency. from $360 billion to $280 billion or less by measures are also highly cost-effective for Establishing Federal energy priorities employing energy conservation technologies consumers. Federal energy appropriations should be and measures that are less costly than ac­ Reducing Oil Imports: Energy conserva­ based upon potential for meeting important quiring energy from conventional supplies. tion can reduce oil imports and stretch the national needs. The following are important For example, saving energy by installing United States' diminishing domestic oil sup-

19-059 0-89-33 (Pt. 5) 7002 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 plies. U.S. dependence on foreign oil has buildings, which could ultimately save tax­ and windows that reflect heat is projected to save users $38 to 37% by the end of 1987. In fact, oil im­ ally. In the Industrial program, a new initia­ billion over the five years by which the fed­ ports accounted for more than 25% of the tive is proposed to improve the energy effi­ eral government advanced commercializa­ U.S. trade deficit in 1987. Oil imports would ciency of glass processing, an energy-inten­ tion of these products-a return on federal be even higher without the significant sive process that desperately needs improve­ investment dollars of 7 ,000 to 1. strides in energy conservation made over ment. New initiatives for the Transporta­ Alternative budget request: $56.0 million. the last decade. If the U.S. economy still tion Program include an effort to apply new Multi-Sector: This program conducts basic consumed oil and gas at the 1973 rate, we glass technology from the buildings sector research applicable to all consuming sectors would be consuming an additional 13 million to transportation to reduce solar heat gain on combustion and thermal sciences, materi­ barrels of oil equivalent per day, almost half in cars· and thus substantially reduce the als, biological and non-biological chemical of OPEC's production capacity. amount of fuel consumed by auto air condi­ conversion , which provides tech­ and international market is emerging from information on R&D new initiatives, a com­ nical assistance to individual homeowners, foreign competitors in lighting, heating and plete list of titles is attached. small business owners, and others. air conditioning, motors, appliances, manu­ New Initiatives Request: $21.7 million. Alternative budget request: $36.6 million. facturing equipment, and industrial process­ Transportation: The Transportation Pro­ es. Unfortunately, as the President's Com­ gram develops advanced technologies for State and local assistance programs m1ss1on on Industrial Competitiveness automobiles and light trucks, advanced bat­ Institutional Conservation Programs Report noted, America has recently lost tery designs for electric vehicles, and tech­ : Also known as the Schools and Hos­ global market shares in 7 out of 10 high nological options that enhance fuel flexibil­ pitals program, ICP was established to en­ technology market areas despite leadership ity for alternative fuels such as methanol. courage energy conservation initatives in in developing high technology products. Current research projects include develop­ public and non-profit institutional buildings R&D in energy efficiency can help reverse ment of gas turbine engines with greater where energy consumption represents a sig­ this trend and insure against further ero­ fuel efficiencies than conventional engines, nificant percentage of operating budgets. sion of competitiveness. For example, a fed­ and engine parts that can withstand very Through FY 1967, the program has awarded eral conservation program to develop gas­ high temperatures. DOE supports research 21,000 grants for energy conservation fired heat pumps, which are at least 50% through arrangements with industry and re­ projects in over 59,000 schools and hospi­ more efficient than tod&y's most efficient search institutions that contribute from 20- tals. The program has been highly success­ gas furnaces, is competing directly with a 50% of costs. ful. For example, each program grant dollar similar Japanese program. Alternative budget request: $60.5 million. made in California is estimated to save $11 Improving Environmental Quality: Energy Industrial: DOE's Industrial Program ad­ worth of energy. $64 million in conservation conservation reduces energy use and thus vances energy efficiency for many U.S. in­ investments made in California during 1979- decreases environmental harm resulting dustries including chemicals, petroleum, 84, half of which were federal grants, now from the exploration, production, transpor­ metals, pulp and paper, food, textiles, and produce annual energy savings of more than tation, and consumption of energy. A 1983 machinery. The competitiveness of many in­ $25 million. In Washington State, $12 mil­ National Science Foundation report con­ dustries is directly tied to energy consump­ lion worth of ICP grants have resulted in $4 cluded that energy conservation provides tion because many of America's languishing million worth of annual energy savings. the most important opportunity to amelio­ industries are energy-intensive. The Indus­ Alternative budget request: $35.6 million. rate carbon dioxide accumulation-the trial R&D program emphasizes cooperative State Energy Conservation Programs greenhouse effect-caused primarily by government/industry efforts to identify ; prepare better building design tools, tween 1977 and 1983. in meeting each of these national needs and, standards and guidelines; improve the New programs recommended for the FY therefore, funding for essential R&D and energy efficiency of existing buildings; and 1989 State Energy Conservation Program State/Local Assistance programs needs to improve indoor air quality. The Community include: <1) expanding the state role in help­ be restored. Systems part of the program develops new ing establish energy efficient technologies Research and development programs methods to improve energy efficiency and in the marketplace; (2) enhancing state New R&D Initiatives: The Alternative management at the community level, such energy emergency planning capabilities; and Budget proposes seventeen new initiatives as district heating and cooling systems. (3) encouraging new state initiatives that in­ to augment existing lean research programs. Buildings and community systems R&D clude innovative energy financing, integrat­ In the Buildings and Community Systems provides enormous savings by accelerating ed valued at $14 million or much for granted. They are law. We live in more and provided under a Foreign Military "Give me your tired, your poor, your hud­ a country where liberty is law, there is not a Sales case, the Department of State shall dled masses yearning to breathe free, the lot more than we could ask for. But, if we do provide the Congress with a 30-day certifica­ wretched refuse of your teeming shore. not take the time to remind ourselves and to tion period within which it can review the Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to recognize when we use these liberties, we proposal. The only exception to this rule is me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" may not recognize if they are ever taken applicable upon a Presidential certification For generations, the Statue of Liberty has away. of emergency. The notification and wait welcomed millions of immigrants to the The Statue of Liberty, the struggles of the procedures of Section 3(d)(l) would apply to shore of America with these words; and immigrants and the sacrifies of soliders in any request by the Government of Egypt to somehow, even without knowing the lan­ wars are all part of our heritage of liberty. retransfer MlAl tanks assembled in Egypt guage, they recognized the symbol. They We cannot stand by and watch our world using parts or services procured by Egypt must have felt something in their souls that change, we must participate in that world through the FMS cases underlying our co­ told them that this was America, that this and save the liberty that America has given production agreement. was where they would find the answers to to us for the next generation. This liberty As was mentioned during the March 8 all of their dreams, along the streets lined meeting, the AECA also stipulates that the with gold. was our heritage and if we can accept and Administration cannot approve the transfer All soon discovered that the gold lined protect it, it will be the heritage of every of any U.S. military equipment to a country streets and the golden door Miss Liberty lit generation to come. to which we would not transfer such equip­ up were horrid misinterpretations, as they ment directly from the United States. found themselves in small, dirty flats and at Our understanding of the concerns ex­ work seven days a week in unsafe and un­ pressed during our March 8 meeting was sanitary factories. They were living in a that Congress should be given sufficient op­ country that they didn't understand and portunity to review a notification by the De­ one that didn't seem to understand them. partment of State of its intention to consent After the original disappointment of the to an Egyptian request to retransfer this wonderland that they had expected, many equipment. The provisions of the Arms began to find a faint glimmer of the gold 7008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 14, 1988 THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF strength of both nations-in fact the very of our lives, the furtherance of our ideals, THE STATE OF ISRAEL essence of their progress and success-has and the betterment of our world. been directly derived from those who came to their shores seeking a better and freer HON. CHARLES E. SCHUMER life. BENJAMIN NETANYAHU-ISRAEL'S AMBASSADOR OF NEW YORK Indeed, the multifarious web of common TO THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES experience between our two nations is irre­ In the life of a nation, forty years is like futable. Yet, these commonalities serve the blink of an eye. But in the past four dec­ Thursday, April 14, 1988 merely as a backdrop to today's world. The ades, the Jewish People have undergone ex­ Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. Speaker, the following United States is a superpower, with broad periences as monumental as any in their two articles appeared recently in a New York global and strategic interests, whose pres­ four-thousand year odyssey. Times supplement honoring the 40th anniver­ ence is felt around the world, while Israel is Having died a thousand deaths, the Jews received history's final blow in the Nazi Hol­ sary of the State of Israel. I find them both a relatively young, small nation, still strug­ gling to achieve peace with and recognition ocaust. Even so they refused do die. Within worthy of the widest possible audience, and I from its belligerent neighbors who use di­ a few years they had rebuilt an independent ask that they be reprinted here. verse means in their continued harassment state in their ancestral homeland, fought A LEGACY OF FRIENDSHIP of Israel. Occasional big scale war, political, off vast Arab armies, and liberated their an­