FAMILY Echeneidae Rafinesque, 1810 - [=Echeneidi, Naucrateoidei, ?Platycephali, Remorae, Leptecheneides] Notes: Spelling in prevailing recent practice Echeneidi Rafinesque, 1810b:29 [ref. 3595] (ordine) [stem latinized to Echeneid- by Bonaparte 1831:162, 184 [ref. 4978], confirmed by Poey 1867:208 [ref. 32247], by Gill 1893b:137 [ref. 26255] and by Steyskal 1980:170 [ref. 14191]; considered valid with this authorship by Gill 1893b:137 [ref. 26255], by Nolf 1985:84 [ref. 32698] and by Sheiko 2013:86 [ref. 32944] Article 11.7.2; Jordan 1923a:227 [ref. 2421], Lindberg 1971:204 [ref. 27211], Nelson 1976:232 [ref. 32838], Eschmeyer 1998:2478 [ref. 23416] and Nelson 2006:361 [ref. 32486] used Echeneidae; senior objective of Leptecheneides Gill 1864] Naucrateoidei van der Hoeven, 1832:192 [ref. 5061] (family) ? Echeneis [no stem of the type , not available, Article 11.7.1.1] ?Platycephali Minding, 1832:VII, 91 [ref. 3022] (family) ? Echeneis [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Remorae Gill, 1862k:239 [ref. 1664] (group) [stem Remor- confirmed by Maul 1956:18 [ref. 32844]] Leptecheneides Gill, 1864b:60 [ref. 1695] (group) Leptecheneis [junior objective synonym of Echeneidi Rafinesque 1810, invalid, Article 61.3.2]

GENUS Echeneis Linnaeus, 1758 - remoras [=Echeneis Linnaeus [C.], 1758:260, Leptecheneis Gill [T. N.], 1864:60] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Fem. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Type designated bythe ICZN under plenary powers (emendation of neucrates). On Official List (Opinions 92 and 242). •Valid as Echeneis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:662 [ref. 5660], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1330 [ref. 13677], Paxton et al. 1989:571 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:578 [ref. 22532], Lindberg et al. 1997:20 [ref. 23547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:272 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1415 [ref. 27087], Parin 2003:S5 [ref. 28536], Paxton et al. 2006:1136 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:573 [ref. 30616], Motomura 2009:114 [ref. 30446], Gray et al. 2009:184 [ref. 31117], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Echeneis Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. (Leptecheneis) [ref. 1695]. Fem. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Objective synonym of Echeneis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1330 [ref. 13677], Lindberg et al. 1997:20 [ref. 23547]). Current status: Synonym of Echeneis Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae.

Species Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 - [=Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus [C.], 1758:261, Echeneis albacauda Mitchill [S. L.], 1818:244, Echeneis fasciata Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:92, Leptecheneis flaviventris Seale [A.], 1906:83, Fig. 23, Echeneis fusca Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:92, Echeneis guaican Poey [F.], 1860:248, Echeneis lunata Bancroft [E. N.], 1831:134, Echeneis metallica Poey [F.], 1860:252, Echeneis pacifica Duméril [A. H. A.], 1858:377, Echeneis verticalis Poey [F.], 1860:253, Echeneis vittata Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1838:82] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea. Habitat: marine. (albacauda) [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 4) (art. 1); ref. 17774] New York Bay, New York, Atlantic, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (fasciata) [Catalogue of collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (flaviventris) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Mangareva Island, Gambier Islands, Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (fusca) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (guaican) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (lunata) [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 15966] Kingston, Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (metallica) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Canal of Bahama, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (pacifica) [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (verticalis) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (vittata) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zuiew, 1789 - whitefin sharksucker [=Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew [B.], 1789:279, Pl. 6] Notes: [Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 17711] No locality stated [western Atlantic]. Current status: Valid as Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew, 1789. Echeneidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Phtheirichthys Gill, 1862 - remoras [=Phtheirichthys Gill [T. N.], 1862:239, Notes: [ref. 1664]. Masc. Echeneis lineata Menzies, 1791. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type designated by Gill's style of type enclosed in parentheses in key. •Valid as Phtheirichthys Gill, 1862 -- (Lachner 1973:637 [ref. 7221], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1330 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:662 [ref. 5660], Paxton et al. 1989:571 [ref. 12442], Lindberg et al. 1997:19 [ref. 23547], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1415 [ref. 27087], Paxton et al. 2006:1136 [ref. 28994], Gray et al. 2009:184 [ref. 31117]). Current status: Valid as Phtheirichthys Gill, 1862. Echeneidae.

Species Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791) - slender sharksucker [=Echeneis lineata Menzies [A.], 1791:187, Pl. 17 (fig. 1), Echeneis apicalis Poey [F.], 1860:254, Phtheirichthys multiradiatus Schultz [L. P.], 1943:256, Pl. 9, Echeneis sphyraenarum Poey [F.], 1860:255, Echeneis tropica Euphrasen [B. A.], 1791:317] Notes: [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 1791 [v. 1] (art. 21); ref. 17665] Pacific. Current status: Valid as Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (apicalis) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (multiradiatus) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 180; ref. 3957] Off reef of Canton Island, Phoenix Islands (off of a barricuda). Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (sphyraenarum) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (tropica) [Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm v. 12 (for 1791); ref. 17468] Western tropical Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Remora Gill, 1862 - remoras [=Remora Gill [T. N.], 1862:239, Pseudoremora Taranetz [A. Ya.], 1937:139, Remilegia Gill [T. N.], 1862:239, Remorina (subgenus of Remora) Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], 1896:490, Remoropsis Gill [T. N.], 1863:88, Rhombochirus Gill [T. N.], 1863:88] Notes: [ref. 1664]. Fem. Echeneis remora Linnaeus, 1758. Type by original designation (name in parentheses in key). On Official List (Opinion 242); Remora Goüan, 1770:183 and Remora Forster, 1771:20 placed on Official Index. •Valid as Remora Gill, 1862 -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:222 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1331 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:663 [ref. 5660], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:580 [ref. 22532], Lindberg et al. 1997:25 [ref. 23547], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Collette 2003:1415 [ref. 27087], Parin 2003:S5 [ref. 28536], Paxton et al. 2006:1136 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:574 [ref. 30616], Gray et al. 2009:184 [ref. 31117], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae. (Pseudoremora) [ref. 13384]. Fem. Pseudoremora golubevi Taranetz, 1937. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862 -- (Lindberg et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23547], Parin 2003:S5 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:359 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae. (Remilegia) [ref. 1664]. Fem. Echeneis scutata Günther, 1860. Type by original designation (name in parentheses in key), also monotypic. •Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862 -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lindberg et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23547]). Current status: Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae. (Remorina) [ref. 2442]. Fem. Echeneis albescens Temminck & Schlegel, 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Remorina Jordan & Evermann, 1896 -- (Lachner 1973:640 [ref. 7221], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:223 [ref. 6441], Lachner in Whitehead et al. 1986:1334 [ref. 13677], Paxton et al. 1989:572 [ref. 12442], Lindberg et al. 1997:37 [ref. 23547], Collette 1999:2653 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1415 [ref. 27087], Paxton et al. 2006:1137 [ref. 28994]). •Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862 -- (O'Toole 2002:616 [ref. 26411], Gray et al. 2009 [ref. 31117] based on placement of albescens). Current status: Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae. (Remoropsis) [ref. 1679]. Fem. Echeneis brachyptera Lowe, 1839. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862 -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lindberg et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23547]). Current status: Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae. (Rhombochirus) [ref. 1679]. Masc. Echeneis osteochir Cuvier, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862 -- (Lachner 1973:638 [ref. 7221], Lindberg et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23547]). Current status: Synonym of Remora Gill, 1862. Echeneidae.

Species Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) - white sharksucker [=Echeneis albescens Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1850:no page number, Pl. 20 (fig. 3), Echeneis clypeata Günther [A.], 1860:401, Echeneis lophioides Guichenot [A.], 1863:C-20] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Last part; ref. 4375] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Red Sea, Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (clypeata) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29); ref. 18213] Cape Seas, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (lophioides) [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Remora australis (Bennett, 1840) - [=Echeneis australis Bennett [F. D.], 1840:273, Echeneis scutata Günther [A.], 1860:401, Pl. 10 (fig. B)] Notes: [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] No locality. Current status: Valid as Remora australis (Bennett, 1840). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, including Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: marine. (scutata) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29); ref. 18213] Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Remora australis (Bennett, 1840). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) - [=Echeneis brachyptera Lowe [R. T.], 1839:89, Echeneis nieuhofii Bleeker [P.], 1853:279, Echeneis pallida Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:271, Pl. 120 (figs. 2-2a), Echeneis quatuordecimlaminatus Storer [D. H.], 1839:496 [155], Echeneis sexdecimlamellata Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Gervais [F. L. P.], 1837:1, Pl. 16] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas, including Red Sea. Habitat: marine. (nieuhofii) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4; ref. 12580] Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (pallida) [Fauna Japonica Last part; ref. 4375] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (quatuordecimlaminatus) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (sexdecimlamellata) [Magasin de Zoologie 1837 (year 7); ref. 17471] Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829) - marlin sucker [=Echeneis osteochir Cuvier [G.], 1829:348, Echeneis jacobaea Lowe [R. T.], 1839:89, Echeneis megalodiscus Franz [V.], 1910:69, Pl. 8 (fig. 57), Echeneis musignani Costa [O. G.], 1840:Echeneis p. 9, Pl. 27, Echeneis pediculus Girard [A. A.], 1893:611, Pl. 2, Echeneis tetrapturorum Poey [F.], 1860:256] Notes: [Le Règne (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Martinique Island, West Indies, western Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Mediterranean Sea, Mascarenes, Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (jacobaea) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (megalodiscus) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Yokohama and Aburatsubo, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (musignani) [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (pediculus) [Boll. Soc. Geogr. Lisbon v. 11; ref. 14528] Coast of Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (tetrapturorum) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Remora osteochir (Cuvier, 1829). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) - [=Echeneis remora Linnaeus [C.], 1758:260, Echeneis arrostii Cocco [A.], 1838:14, Echeneis borboniensis Guichenot [A.], 1863:C-19, Pseudoremora golubevi Taranetz [A. Ya.], 1937:139, Echeneis imperati Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:29, Remora jacoboea Gill [T. N.], 1863:88, Echeneis nubifera Tanaka [S.], 1915:360, Pls. 96 (302-303), 97 (304-305), Echeneis parva Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:92, Echeneis postica Poey [F.], 1860:255, Echeneis remeligo Guichenot [A.] (ex Duméril), 1863:C-17, Echeneis remoroides Bleeker [P.], 1855:70, Echeneis squalipeta Daldorff [D. C. de], 1793:157] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (arrostii) [Il Faro Anno 6, v. 4 (no. 15); ref. 20278] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (borboniensis) [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (golubevi) [Izvestiia Tikhookeanskogo nauchnogo instituta rybnogo khoziaistva [Bulletins of the Pacific Science Institute] v. 11; ref. 13384] Rynda Bay, Northern Primoriye, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (imperati) [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (jacoboea) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (nubifera) [Figures and descriptions of the of Japan v. 20; ref. 6036] Matsuwa coast, near Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (parva) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (postica) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (remeligo) [Faune ichthyologique 2nd Partie, Annexe C.; ref. 1943] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (remoroides) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9; ref. 16842] Batu Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. (squalipeta) [Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet Kiøbenhavn v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 17359] Atlantic, between the Tropics. Current status: Synonym of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine

*******************************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Remora Catesby [M.] 1771:26 [The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands; ref. 774] Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 89, Opinion 259). Echeneidae.

(species) batrachoides, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

belangerii, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. caudabifurca, Echeneis Olafsen [E.] & Povelsen [B.] 1775:207 [Reise Island 1774-75 v. 1 (pts 1-2); ref. 18494] Iceland. Originally as cauda bifurca. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

caudisetis, Echeneis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:203 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 20979] Stated in Rafinesque 1818:203 [ref. 20979] as having been published, but not yet confirmed; perhaps name only in 1818 and not available. Echeneidae.

chiromacer, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. •Questionably a synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:241 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Uncertain as Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

chirosteon, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. congesta, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. flavescens, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:378 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. holbrookii, Echeneis Günther [A.] 1860:400 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 5 (no. 29) (art. 42); ref. 18213] Based on literature sources. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. jamaicensis, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Jamaica. Holotype: MNHN A- 5950. Type catalog: Bauchot 1969:141 [ref. 20807]. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. loevis, Echeneis Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:73 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] South Africa. Syntypes: (2). Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. maxillosa, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

mediterraneus, Echeneis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:35 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:29 [ref. 3595] in account of Echeneis imperati. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. moratrix, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. naucratoides, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Perhaps intended for Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew 1789. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. occidentalis, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of disks plates only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. pallida, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. polyancura, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. potomac, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] No types known. Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. purpurascens, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. ricordii, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disk. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.

scaphecrates, Echeneis Duméril [A. H. A.] 1858:377 [Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 17427] Name with number of pairs of disks only. •Questionably a synonym of Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:241 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Uncertain as Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. veterum, Echeneis Costa [O. G.] 1840:Echeneis p. 3, Pl. 25 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Published Feb. 1840. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine. vittata, Echeneis Lowe [R. T.] 1839:89 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Apparently intended as new. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Echeneis vittata Rüppell 1835. Echeneidae. Habitat: marine.