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Building with Nantucket in Mind Guidelines for Protecting the Historic Architecture and Landscape of Nantucket Island by J

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Building with Nantucket in Mind Guidelines for Protecting the Historic Architecture and Landscape of Nantucket Island by J Building with Nantucket in Mind Guidelines for Protecting the Historic Architecture and Landscape of Nantucket Island by J. Christopher Lang and Kate Stout Photographs by Kate Stout Nantucket! Take out your map and look at it... a mere hillock, and elbow of sand; all beach, without a background. (Herman Melville, Moby Dick) Background on the interrelated history, architecture and landscape character of Nantucket Island Guidelines to assist each property owner in the preservation of the island's architectural heritage and in the conservation of its landscape; recommendations for new construction and renovation that respect the Nantucket environment Essential reading for all architects, builders, real estate agents and persons planning to build or to purchase property on the island as well as all residents who wish to maintain and renovate their houses or commercial structures Nantucket Historic District Commission, Nantucket, Massachusetts Building With Nanfucket in Mind. second edition, is Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data the official design guidelines manual of the Nantucket Historic Dishict Commission, 37 Washington Street, Lang, J. Christopher. Nantucket, Massachusetts 02554. For further informa- Building with Nantucket in mind : guidelines for tion on procedures for compliance, contact the Commis- protecting the historic architecture and landscape of Nan- sion office or telephone (508) 228-7231. See also Ap tucket Island I J. Christopher Lang and Kate Stout : pendix B. photographs by Kate Stout. p. cm. Funds forpublication of themanual were approvedby Includes bibliographical references and index. Town of Nantucket residents at a town meeting. The 1. Architecture-Massachusetts-Nantucket- Nantucket Historic District Commission is the official vatiou and restoration. 2. Historic buildings-Massachu- body charged under Chapter 395,1970 Acts of Massa- seas-Nantucket-Couservation andrestoration. 3.Nan- chusetts (see Appendix A) with the preservation and tncket (Mass.)-Buildings, suuctures, etc. I. Stout, Kate. protection of the historic buildings and environs of II. Title. Nantucket The law provides that 'no building may be erected, reconsttucted, altered or restored within the NAIOKN36L36 1992 District without fust obtaining Commission approval, 363.6'9'0974497-4~20 92-28427 i.e., a Certificate of Appropriateness, as to exterior CIP architecturalfeatures." Furthermore, no building or struc- ture may be razed without fust obtaining Commission approval. Credits Critical comment and review by Clay Lancaster, Edouard Stackpole, WiU'iBrown, Peter Stanicoffand Copyright O 1995 Nantucket Historic District Com- John McCalley. mission. All rights- resewed. Printed in theunited States Proofreading by Leila McKnight; technological sup- of America. port by Michael Jones. Research assistance from the Nantucket Historical Designed by Casey Publications, Inc., Nantucket, Mass. Association, Peter Foulger Research Center and the Printed by Paraclete Press, Orleans, Mass., on recycled Preservation Institute: Nantucket. paper. Measureddrawings from theHistoric American Build- ings Survey (HABS) - pages 24-25,56-57.58-59.68-69, 70-71, 84-85 and 86-87. Photographs from Beverly Hall Photography @age 15). Rob Benchley @age 95). H.G. Wyer (pages 31.34 and92)andStudioThuteen@ages24,29,30,50and63). All other iuustrations by Christopher Lang, Martha Mohr and Julie A. Woodcock. Maps of Nantucket geology and landscape classifica- Cover. 105 Main Street, Nantucket tions from Holzeimer, et al. Nantucketlsland: An Analy- sis of tk Natural and Visual Resources. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvanl University Depamnent of Landscape Architecture, 1974). I Introduction: Goals for Building on Nantucket Nantucket, this remote island 30 miles far out are threatened by the prospect of an enormous at sea, was scraped up by the last of the glaciers amount of new construction in the years ahead. and left to endure the assault of sea and storm. The current year-round population growth of It is a world apart from all others (fig.1). In the six percent is projected to continue. more than 300 years since this outpost was Ironically, a 5-year building cap instituted by settled by the self-reliant English, it has seen the the town in 1980 had the net effect of catapult- rise and collapse of a vast whaling empire and, ing the island into a building boom that was more recently, the year-to-year undulations of supported by the robust national tkonomy, an ever-growing seasonal resort trade. especially in the mid- to late-1980s. New The essence and charm of Nantucket are buildable lots, for instance, increased 50 per- embodied in its well preserved architecture cent from 1984 to 1985 alone, when 370 lots representing many past generations, in the un- were approved by the Planning Board. The derlying harmony and subtle diversity of the very next year, 1986, that number almost buildings both in the old town and throughout doubled again, with nearly 600 new sites ap- the island, in the contrast of the town and other proved. Building permits followed a similar island settlements with the spacious sweep of pattern. A steady rise in new dwelling permits the moors, plains, shoreline and sky, and in the reflected both the flush economic climate and unending confrontation of the land and the sea. new 'spec and flip' activity, with numerous Not only are these attributes loved by all who houses being built for investment or specula- know Nantucket but they also serve as the tive reasons as Nantucket enjoyed highly in- mainstay of the local economy, which is based flated real estate values. In 1986 there were on tourism and second-home development. 139new dwelling permits; in 1987,264; and in The heart of theisland is the old whaling town 1988, 229, before the boom, along with the itself, overlooking the Great Harbor. The town economy, began to wanein 1989 (only 80 new of Nantucket has been miraculously preserved dwelling permits were issued that year). Nev- by the caprice of economic collapse and, in this ertheless, from 1985 to 1990, nearly 1200 new century, the love and efforts of its inhabitants. houses went up on the island. These figures do It is one of the best intact collections of late not reflect permits for duplexes or commercial 17th- tomid-19thcentury buildingsin theunited buildings. 1988 weighed in as the biggest States. More than 150 years of maritime com- single-. year since 1972 for overall building rnunity are representedhere by the almost 800 (including new commercial spaces, residential buildings. built before thecivil War that arestill additions and other building activity), with 740 lived in and used today. These are interwoven permits issued on ~antucket.1972 marks the into a fabric of land and buildings enriched by peak of the previous contemporary building the history and tradition along- each street and boom, generated in those days, in large mea- lane. In recognition of this remarkable heritage sure, by the restoration of the waterfront and the Nantucket Historic District was created by Nantucket's entry into the resort market. At the townspeople and the Massachusettslegisla- the time of the 1980 building cap, projections ture in 1955. The National Park Service, U.S. estimated 1200 new houses over the next de- Department of the Interior, designated the town cade. Instead, the anticipated growth rate of 25 a National Historic Landmark in 1966 and percent became an actual growth rate of or subsequently listed it in the National Register i exceeding 50 percent. The cumulative effect of Historic Places. of the boom has compromised the aesthetic Yet the precious character and visual quality continuity of Nantucket architecture as well as of this unspoiled setting, town and landscape, the inherent integrity of the island, threatening 7 to obliterate both the physical presence of its ning, designing and coordination of all new historic past and its natural beauty-if care is construction, residential and commercial, on not taken to coordinate all new buildings.-. the island. The Commission urges readers to renovations and additions. Zoning regulations, consult the ideas and guidelines in this manual fist adopted in 1972 tocontrol land use, are not before completing renovation or construction adequate for this purpose. plans. Plans should be submitted to the Com- The Nantucket Historic District Commis- mission for review. (Further details on the re- sion, created by public mandate to review and view process itself may be obtained from the approve all construction on the island, has Commission office.) As also authorized under published Building WithNantucket in Mind to Section 7, Chapter 395, Laws of Massachusetts, provide acommon point of reference, available the Commission must approve in advance of to everyone, on how best to relate new con- erection or display any sign exceeding two feet in struction and renovations to the island's archi- length and six inches in width. (Guidelines for tectural heritage and to its shared landscape. signs on the island are presented in 'The Sign Therefore, in this manual guidelines for the Book," available in the Commission office.) design of buildings are given in order to insure The impact of a new building or addition on harmony among buildings and with their set- Nantucket is largely a question of its design: tings, whether it be in an old Nantucket settle- whether it possesses the common identity and ment or in a now open landscape. In addition to spirit shared by Nantucketbuildingsandwhether being informativeand enlightening,
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