Council on Foreign Relations

ANNUAL REPORT July 1, 2000 – June 30, 2001

Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 434-9800 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984

Website www.cfr.org E-mail [email protected] Officers and Directors, 2001–2002

Officers Directors Term Expiring 2005 Peter G. Peterson† Term Expiring 2002 Jessica P. Einhorn Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Chairman of the Board Paul A. Allaire George J. Mitchell Maurice R. Greenberg† Roone Arledge Vice Chairman of the Board Robert E. Rubin John E. Bryson Carla A. Hills Warren B. Rudman Kenneth M. Duberstein Vice Chairman of the Board Andrew Young Leslie H. Gelb Frank Savage President Laura D’Andrea Tyson Term Expiring 2006 Michael P. Peters Term Expiring 2003 Henry S. Bienen* Senior Vice President and Lee Cullum Peggy Dulany Chief Operating Officer Maurice R. Greenberg* Martin S. Feldstein Charles G. Boyd Richard C. Holbrooke Bette Bao Lord Senior Vice President, Washington Joan E. Spero Program Vincent A. Mai Vin Weber* David Kellogg Michael H. Moskow Vice President, Corporate Affairs, Garrick Utley and Publisher Honorary Officers Lawrence J. Korb Term Expiring 2004 and Directors Emeriti Vice President, Studies John Deutch Douglas Dillon Elise Carlson Lewis Carla A. Hills Caryl P. Haskins Vice President, Membership and Robert D. Hormats Charles McC. Mathias Jr. Fellowship Affairs William J. McDonough David Rockefeller Abraham F. Lowenthal Theodore C. Sorensen Honorary Chairman Vice President George Soros Robert A. Scalapino Anne R. Luzzatto Cyrus R. Vance Vice President, Meetings Glenn E. Watts Janice L. Murray Vice President and Treasurer Lilita V. Gusts Secretary

*Appointed by the Board of Directors in 2001. †In accordance with By-Law VII (as amended October 2000), elected in 2001 by the Board of Directors to serve on a year-to-year basis. Note: The list of Officers and Directors is current as of September 1, 2001.

2 Contents

Officers and Directors 2 Mission Statement 5 Letter from the Chairman 6 Letter from the Vice Chairman 8 The President’s Message 10 Foreign Affairs 19 Special Activities 22 Term Member Program 27 Studies Program 32 National Security 32 International Economics 33 Asia 34 Africa 35 Europe 35 Latin America 36 Middle East 37 Peace and Conflict 37 Science and Technology 38 U.S. Foreign Policy 38 Other Activities 39 International Affairs Fellowship Program 39 New York Meetings Program 41 Washington Program 47 National Program 52 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships 59 Corporate Program 61

3 Contents

Communications 67 Publications 68 Development 70 Annual Giving Donors 73 2001 Board Election 80 Committees of the Board, 2000–2001 81 International Advisory Board 83 Council By-Laws 84 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices 88 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers 90 Budget and Finance 93 Staff 101 Membership 106 Membership Selection Procedure 106 Membership Roster 109

The Council’s Annual Report is designed to focus attention on the substance of its programs. A comprehensive listing of the year’s activities is available on the Council’s website at www.cfr.org.

4 Mission Statement

Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is a nonpartisan membership organization, research center, and publisher. It is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive discussions and by publishing Foreign Affairs, the leading journal on global issues. The Council is host to the widest possible range of views but an advocate of none, though its research fellows and independent task forces do take policy stands. Like the great universities, foundations, and other think tanks in America, the Council on Foreign Relations aims to enhance the quality of study and debate on world issues, develop new generations of thinkers and leaders, and help meet international challenges by generating concrete and workable ideas.

5 Letter from the Chairman

bout eight years ago, Board Vice Chairman Hank Greenberg, Council President Les Gelb, the other Board members, and I faced a challenge. How could the Council increase its impact on the real world, which by its nature involves making specific Apolicy recommendations, without violating the Council’s tradition of not taking institutional positions on policy matters? A hallmark of the Council is that we have always been an incubator of ideas across the spectrum of policy thought, free from the grinding of an ideological ax. One solution: The Council would periodically create and convene independent task forces on the top foreign policy issues of the day. Each independent task force, comprising current and former policymakers, academics, and leaders from the pri- vate sector of varied backgrounds and political persuasions, would meet over the course of several months to forge policy proposals that would help resolve or man- age international problems on a nonpartisan basis. Today, the real-world impact of the independent task forces has exceeded our most fervent hopes. Imagine my satisfaction during a Council-sponsored trip to Cuba this year when virtually every member of our delegation and every senior Cuban official we met cited proposals in the two reports of the Council-sponsored Independent Task Force on Cuba. Not that the Cubans were positive: Just before our visit, state television devoted much of its prime-time schedule on three consecutive nights to criticism of the task force’s work. And in our meetings, President Fidel Castro and other top Cuban officials pulled no punches in confronting our group with their objections to many of the task force’s recommendations. But the point of the task force’s work was never for Havana to like it. The objec- tive was to prompt new thinking, in Washington, in Miami, and on the island itself. The task force did just that. At private moments during the trip, we also learned that the task force had produced the most practical and helpful suggestions to date to break the U.S.-Cuba impasse. Indeed, here in the United States, the task force’s two reports would become the basis for bipartisan legislation in Congress and for con- crete policy action. After the first report, the Clinton administration announced a series of measures toward Cuba that, though more limited in scope than those the task force had urged, were consistent with the spirit of its recommendations. In the case of expanding peo- ple-to-people exchanges between the United States and Cuba, the administration explicitly adopted certain of the task force’s recommendations. And at the official level, the two governments began modest cooperation in counternarcotics efforts. Proposals to begin agricultural and pharmaceutical sales to Cuba, as both task force reports rec- ommended, have made their way directly into new legislation in the 107th Congress, Peter G. Peterson introduced with strong bipartisan sponsorship.

6 Letter from the Chairman

Korea provides another example of the impact of our independent task forces. Few institutions have been as effec- tive as the Council’s Independent Task Force on North Korea in being a harbinger of change between the United States and North Korea. Through numerous meetings, reports, and letters to the president over the past few years, the task force has relentlessly encouraged Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush to engage North Korea. Most recently, within hours of President Bush’s announcement that he would continue talks with North Korea, the task force rein- forced him with a letter proposing the next steps, encourag- ing the president to support fully South Korea’s efforts at reconciliation with the North. Back in our own hemisphere again, the Council’s Inde- pendent Task Force on Brazil has had resonance of major proportions. The task force recommended that the United States create a focal point to its policy in South America, and that Brazil, the world’s third-largest democracy, become that focal point. The task force advised President Bush to move swiftly to establish a standing high-level dialogue with Brazil on key issues from drugs to trade to democratization to combating terrorism and international crime—stressing that this can and should be done without diminishing U.S. ties to other Latin American nations. New York Presider Walter S. Isaacson, Speaker Henry A. Kissinger, The task force report received immediate and sweeping Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc., Speaker Madeleine K. Albright, coverage in Brazil and in virtually every other South Amer- Chairman, National Democratic Institute, and Peter G. Peterson at the ican country as well, not to mention Mexico and Europe. April 24, 2001, Meeting, “Videoconferenced Conversation with the For- Brazil’s foreign minister immediately requested a meeting mer Secretaries of State.” at the Council with task force members. When the president of Brazil visited Washington shortly after the report was released, its findings were a focus of his trip. while at a meeting a couple of years ago in which the pres- Some task force reports, of course, examine issues a bit ident delivered a public address to the Council, suggested closer to home. The Independent Task Force on State we form a task force to address whether global financial Department Reform diagnosed the U.S. State Department institutions were sufficiently equipped to deal with finan- as being plagued by labor shortages, antiquated equip- cial crises such as the one that occurred in Asia. Carla A. ment, and dilapidated and insecure facilities, and sug- Hills, the former U.S. trade representative, and I were hon- gested a “resources-for-reform” strategy of specific steps ored to co-chair the blue-ribbon task force that emerged. to rectify the department’s shortcomings. Frank Carlucci, We were pleased that the task force’s recommendations chair of this task force, and Les Gelb were asked to meet were the subject of much debate and mostly praise within with Secretary of State Colin Powell to discuss its recom- the press corps and the financial community. mendations. The secretary spoke about the problems in And any time the most senior officials of the United his inaugural speech to department employees and States suggest we form an independent task force to help vowed to take action. It is too early to tell whether change them solve a problem, that’s a sign that our task forces— will happen, but the secretary at least has a road map. like the Council itself—are making a genuine difference. The Council’s independent task forces, in fact, have gained a widespread reputation in government. President Peter G. Peterson Clinton and Secretary of the Treasury Robert E. Rubin, Chairman of the Board

7 Letter from the Vice Chairman

y goal this year has been to continue to sharpen the Council’s focus on the links between economic and foreign policy issues. For the past several years, I, along with Les Gelb, have pushed the Council to move aggressively to bridge the gap between Mpolicy studies that emphasize economics and those that emphasize security and other foreign policy issues. It has been my conviction that the Council, with its unique blend of academic experts, policymakers, and corporate leaders, is the per- fect place to build that bridge. We’ve made substantial progress this year. The institutional site for the Council’s new focus will be the Geoeconomics Cen- ter, the creation of which has been a goal of mine for nearly a decade. After years of planning and preparation, the center will be formally launched in the fall. It has a stellar advisory board that includes, besides me as chairman, John Browne, Martin S. Feldstein, John R. Galvin, Carla A. Hills, Winston Lord, Donald B. Marron, William J. McDonough, Peter G. Peterson, David Rockefeller, Robert E. Rubin, Richard E. Salomon, Brent Scowcroft, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, and Ernesto Zedillo. Michael M. Weinstein, BP senior fellow for international economics, is its acting director. The center will conduct policy-related research on issues that combine economics and some other foreign policy component, from national security to science and tech- nology. Another goal of the center will be to train the next generation of foreign pol- icy experts, who should then be able to tackle foreign policy problems that encompass an important economic dimension. To help achieve both goals, we are working toward making the center a joint undertaking with Columbia University. Columbia could give the center a firm aca- demic base. Fellows from the Council and faculty members from several fields at Columbia—including law, international affairs, economics, business, and political science—have been participating in a monthly seminar on globalization, to clarify how a joint center might develop insightful ways to dissect policy issues. Several projects underway at the Council fit neatly under the umbrella of the cen- ter. Walter Russell Mead, senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy, directs a project on American foreign policy and the global middle class. He will examine the emergence of a middle class in several developing economies and study the implication of this new force for American foreign policy. Senior Fellows Morton H. Halperin and Michael Weinstein have begun a study to flesh out links, in the aftermath of the Cold War, between democracy and devel- opment. Their project seeks to answer whether democracy hastens economic develop- ment in poor countries and whether economic development in poor nations helps to preserve democracy, inhibiting slides toward populist authoritarianism. Michael Weinstein will also edit a volume on globalization, documenting how the Maurice R. Greenberg world of international trade and foreign investment has changed over the last 50 years.

8 Letter from the Vice Chairman

The essays will analyze how globalization affects living standards, poverty, and the auton- omy of countries in setting their economic poli- cies—including efforts to help the poor. Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman adjunct senior fellow in international economics and finance, directs a project on the Americaniza- tion of finance. It will analyze the economic and political consequences of a transformation from financial systems dominated by commer- cial banks to a freewheeling system, organized around open capital markets. He will examine how this transformation threatens entrenched elites and identify policy implications. Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer senior fellow in international economics, is writing a book that seeks to demonstrate that globaliza- tion’s harshest critics are wrong—that freeing trade is socially benign. He will recommend ways to address those problems that globaliza- tion truly exacerbates. Benn Steil, our other André Meyer senior Speaker Jiang Zemin, President, People’s Republic of China, Louis V. fellow in international economics, is directing a project Gerstner Jr., and Maurice R. Greenberg at the September 8, 2000, Meet- that examines the use, and abuse, by government of ing, “Together to Build a China-U.S. Relationship Oriented Toward the complex financial instruments, known as derivatives, to New Century.” manage public debt. Timothy F. Geithner, senior fellow in international economics, has directed a design group East and North Africa. Senior Fellow Caroline Atkinson, chaired by Robert E. Rubin, former Treasury secretary, who focuses on international economics, will examine the and Kenneth M. Duberstein, former chief of staff to Pres- impact on markets of financial consolidation and of a ident Ronald Reagan, to evaluate the need for an inde- pullback by hedge funds from taking large bets on macro- pendent task force on trade that would seek to match economic developments. Ronald D. Asmus, senior fellow the interests and claims of proponents of trade expan- for Europe studies, directs a project that, in part, sion with the interests and claims of groups represent- addresses the impact of economics on the debate over ing human rights, labor, and the environment. Timothy NATO enlargement and the search for a new security Geithner is also developing a proposal to reform devel- order in Europe after the Cold War. opment assistance, calling for targeting more money on The creation of the Geoeconomics Center marks an needy countries with credible economic policies. exciting moment at the Council. It addresses a glaring gap Stephen R. Sestanovich, the George F. Kennan senior that extends well beyond our confines into the sinews of fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies, will examine the country’s policymaking apparatus. I can, then, report what went wrong in Russian-American relations over the with pride that the Council has now taken its first ambi- past decade and the interaction of Russia’s diplomatic tious steps toward closing that gap. and security goals with its economic agenda. Senior Fel- low Henry Siegman directs a project that will produce Maurice R. Greenberg economic and trade options for countries in the Middle Vice Chairman of the Board

9 The President’s Message

s the 21st century began to unfold, we all felt the tremors of an unset- tling future. Globalization, ever oversold by its prophets, increasingly revealed itself as more promise than reality. Economic growth slowed. AOil prices leaped upward. Hopes of peace between Israelis and Pales- tinians drowned in bloodshed. And a small matter, an accidental colli- sion between an American spy plane and a Chinese interceptor and the emergency landing of the American aircraft on Hainan Island, fully ex- posed a mean and dangerous streak in Sino-American relations. The new Bush administration damned the Kyoto Protocol on global warm- ing and hoisted missile defense to the flagpole’s top, both moves setting off international puzzlement or distress. One might have thought that these and other such events would have triggered renewed public or, at least, congressional interest in U.S. foreign policy. Yet only blips of attention could be found here and there, and even those were not many. On the surface, this complacency shields no mystery. Since the Cold War’s end, the American people and their leaders have been en- veloped in the embrace of peace and prosperity. It is as if nothing could hurt us. Cold wars and world wars, depressions and recessions, seem creatures of the past. Perhaps the wars are, but not the economic woes. Yet, Americans have never been more involved with the world than now. Interdependence at virtually every level has created all the op- portunities applauded by the prophets of globalization, as well as all the vulnerabilities ignored by the same prophets. Much of what hap- pens anywhere in the world can now touch us here in America as never before, even hurt us—even, yes, bring us to our knees. The specter of nuclear destruction haunted us during the Cold War, but except perhaps in the case of the Cuban missile crisis, it was always a remote possibility. The likelihood of terrorist attacks with weapons of mass destruction on U.S. cities, however, is not remote. These attacks will happen unless we are lucky. For all our history until now, eco- Leslie H. Gelb nomic distress in Asia would have been shrugged off by U.S. financial

10 The President’s Message

Presider Leslie H. Gelb and Speaker Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel, at the January 8, 2001, Russell C. Leffingwell Lecture, “Videoconferenced Conversation with markets. No longer. AIDS in Africa or mad cow disease in Ehud Barak.” Europe can readily travel to American shores in these hal- cyon days of globalization. The hole in the ozone layer sits not just over Timbuktu, but also over Peoria. Those very distant bouts of ethnic and civil slaughter in Sierra Leone or East Timor or the Balkans touch us and our friends and allies quickly and repeatedly—as refugees, as terrorists, or as pricks upon our conscience. Yes, interdependence, or globalization, as we now call it, can hurt as well as help us, help us a lot and hurt us a lot. Yet still, the intensity and quality of the public debate over U.S. foreign policy does small justice to the magnitude Presider Lee Cullum and Speaker Leon S. Fuerth, National Security Adviser, Office of the Vice President, at the of the opportunities and threats facing us. Why? The inat- September 20, 2000, Meeting, “Engaging Abroad: Vice tention of the public and our leadership, a problem that has President Gore and U.S. Foreign Policy.”

11 The President’s Message

sources more intricate than complacency. President Clinton certainly did not make the discussion of international affairs his top priority or even his fifth one, though he may insist otherwise. President Bush remains some- what of a mystery at this early hour in his tenure, though we are starting to see the effects of his foreign policy lightning bolts. Congressional de- bates and hearings often fail even modest tests of enlight- enment, though legislators will have their counterclaims. And many lament the decline in quality, if not in quantity, of media coverage of foreign af- fairs, though many media tribunes claim their reports have never been better. Ideas and messages for public de- bate evaporate if messengers fail to deliver them or trivial- ize them or insist the public does not care to hear them. But foreign policy organi- zations and experts should tremble before casting even pebbles at the public, legisla- tors, journalists, or presi- dents. In the end, we experts bear much of the responsibil- ity for the decline of public debate. It is in ourselves that Council members and students at Georgetown University during the we must now look for the an- September 25, 2000, Campaign 2000 swers, in the public policy schools at universities, the think tanks, and Debate, “Future U.S. Defense Policy the Council on Foreign Relations in particular. and Military Spending.” Those of us in this world of ideas do not have much influence over the media or political leaders. But we do have some, and it is roughly pro- portional to two things: the information we offer and the power of our ideas. We have not provided enough value on either front. A good deal has changed in the last decade, and we experts have not done much dig- ging into what’s new and what’s not, or into discovering through em- pirical research the new rules and rhythms of international affairs, or into putting forward policies on how to solve or manage problems rang-

12 The President’s Message ing from ethnic warfare to financial crises. Here at the Council, we have been trying to dig these tunnels of fact and climb these walls of reality, inevitably with uneven success. Our main Studies Department effort, an ongoing one these past seven years, has been to develop policy-oriented studies in what we call “geoeconomics” or political econ- omy, the intersection of foreign policy and economics. Al- most every major world problem has an economic core or a large economic dimension. As Hank Greenberg explains Speaker Richard C. Holbrooke, U.S. Ambassador to the in his message this year, we have a dual mission: first, to United Nations, and Presider Leslie H. Gelb at the January 17, 2001, Term Member Trip to the United Nations. link the study of economic and financial matters to tradi- tional national security, country and regional affairs, sci- ence and technology, and new agenda issues such as drugs, environment, and health; and second, to thereby create the next generation of foreign policy expert—the geoeconomist. We are convinced that new insights will emerge from fusing research efforts and thinking in these ways. For ex- ample, we should be able to measure reasonably well whether and how fast China is emerging as a military power. Insights will come from statements by Chinese leaders and by paying careful attention to the state of their Roger M. Kubarych, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, and Richard military industries, their technological competitiveness, E. Salomon at the December 11, 2000, Meeting of the and the roads and railways being constructed to transport Advisory Board of the Geoeconomics Center. their troops. Taken all together, these factors can either temper the warnings about Beijing’s intentions or give them weight. Hank’s message gives other examples of what we expect to reap. More and more of our Studies De- partment’s activities will fall under this geoeconomic rubric, as we add value in information, insights, and pol- icy ideas. BP Senior Fellow for International Economics Michael M. Weinstein will serve as acting director of our new Geoeconomics Center. Michael, who has a Ph.D. in eco- nomics from M.I.T., was the head of the Economics De- William L. Nash, Robert R. King, Alton Frye, and Speaker partment at Haverford College and the lead economics Guenter Burghardt, Head of the European Commission writer on the editorial board of the New York Times. His Delegation to the United States, at the May 18, 2001, Congressional Staff Roundtable on International Trade and clarity and precision are matched by his ability to write. Economics, “Europe and the United States: Managing the Michael will work closely with Roger M. Kubarych, the Partnership.”

13 The President’s Message

Henry Kaufman adjunct senior fellow in international economics and finance. Roger came to the Council with a solid background in financial markets, both in the private sector and with the New York Federal Reserve Bank. Michael and Roger will work with Vice President and Di- rector of Studies Larry Korb and our other senior fellows to produce articles and books that we hope will command the attention of political leaders and journalists. We also hope to give our leaders and tribunes some- Theodore C. Sorensen, E. John Rosenwald Jr., and Mortimer B. thing to talk about and debate through the work of our Zuckerman at the January 8, 2001, Russell C. Leffingwell Center for Preventive Action. The idea is to see if we can Lecture, “Videoconferenced Conversation with Ehud Barak.” produce operational plans to head off the scourge of eth- nic and civil wars. Concreteness and tangibility are key; more analyses and more moral lectures to love thy neigh- bor have not stayed and will not stay the bloody swords of hatred. Our center has to present strategies for con- crete actions by governments and nongovernmental and international organizations. Those strategies will derive from a careful inventory of local and international groups, their influence in target areas, and the best strategy to use that influence. The center is led by Bill Nash, a retired army major gen- eral. Bill commanded the American division that entered Presider Donald B. Marron and Speaker Andrés Pastrana, Bosnia pursuant to the Dayton Accords, and he served as President of Colombia, at the September 7, 2000, Meeting, “U.S.-Colombian Relations.” deputy administrator for the United Nations in Kosovo. He has the experience to put together Council task forces that will be charged with developing prevention plans. A further word about Council task forces is in order here as well. In his message this year, Pete Peterson talks about this relatively new feature of the Council land- scape. Again, going back about eight years, the Council leadership felt strongly that public debate, particularly policy debates, had begun to dry up. We wanted to put some life back into this process. So we established Coun- cil-sponsored independent task forces. Once we choose members of these diverse and nonpartisan groups, what they say is entirely up to them. We launch a task force Robert G. Wilmers, Joan E. Spero, Winston Lord, and when we decide that, despite public bashing, an issue is Speaker K. H. Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia, at the September 7, 2000, Meeting, “Economic Recovery: ripe for agreement among fair-minded people of varied The Key to Securing Indonesia’s Democracy.” persuasions. When task force reports have been sharp,

14 The President’s Message pointed, and practical, they have caused ripples of debate and even changes in government policy. Increasingly, we have taken draft task force reports out to our mem- bers around the country for their consideration and debate. Our Na- tional Program, ably led by Senior Vice President Mike Peters and National Director Irina Faskianos, is now strong enough to provide real input into all our intellectual work. One of our aims is to generate a

Speaker Rachel Bronson, Olin Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on solid core of Council members in each key city around the country so Foreign Relations, Speaker Michael J. that they can carry on discussions at times and on issues more of their Green, Olin Senior Fellow, Asia Security Studies, Council on Foreign own choosing. Specifically, we are looking toward establishing round- Relations, Speaker Jordan S. Kassalow, table groups in several cities where 20 or so members can gather half a Adjunct Senior Fellow, Global Health dozen times yearly to exchange views, with or without Council senior Policy, Council on Foreign Relations, Presider Walter Russell Mead, Speaker fellows. Gideon Rose, Managing Editor, At our Annual Term Member Conference, superbly organized by Foreign Affairs, and Speaker David G. Victor, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Elise Lewis, vice president of membership and fellowship affairs, and Fellow and Director, Science and her staff, debating the big issues was very much the main event. Our Technology, Council on Foreign younger members, mostly between the ages of 27 and 37, need to con- Relations, at the March 9, 2001, Term Member Annual Conference Session, front the central foreign policy issues. While a good deal has changed “Next Generation Problems, Next in the recent world, the foreign policy dialogue in America remains Generation Solutions.” dominated by my very able generation of thinkers molded during the Cold War. It is now up to the next generation to stake its intellectual claims and put down its markers.

15 The President’s Message

In our view, the most telling issue of all to debate is the definition of national security in the 21st century. Throughout our history and that of most other nations, the national interest has had a rather limited and specific definition, covering military threats to friends, allies, and one’s homeland. Some nations included economic threats and opportunities as well, but often as an adjunct to the military dimension. In public opin- ion polls, Americans now include economic threats as high on their list

Speaker Peter Hakim, President, Inter- American Dialogue, Speaker Thomas F. McLarty III, Vice Chairman, Kissinger McLarty & Associates, of fears as military ones, though most of our foreign policy experts Speaker Bruce Stokes, Adjunct Senior would not, I suspect. Fellow, Economic Studies, Council on While we are broadening our definition of security to include econom- Foreign Relations, Speaker Andrés Bianchi, Ambassador of Chile to the ics as well as traditional defense, we have another dimension to confront. United States, Speaker John Cavanagh, Should the roster of primal threats to our lives and livelihood include en- Director, Institute for Policy Studies, and Presider Tara Diane Sonenshine at vironmental degradation, disease, health, drugs, crime, overpopulation, the April 17, 2001, “Summit of the refugees, and the like? Most foreign policy experts resist this broadening. Americas Press Briefing.” Without trivializing these matters, foreign policy experts tend to argue that these issues can be treated separately and on their own terms, apart from foreign policy or national security. But it is difficult to imagine any one of these issues being given the necessary top-level attention and re- sources unless they become part of the national security debate. President Dwight Eisenhower certainly understood this in the late 1950s when he

16 The President’s Message used the Soviet Union’s launching of the Sputnik satellite to wrest new moneys from Congress to support public edu- cation in math and the sciences. This debate will be neither easy nor pleasant. Its out- come will reshape the organization of government, the distribution of funds, and the time and attention of our leaders. But to many of us at the Council, this debate should be a principal calling for our younger members and their generation. We saw the need for this on a practi- cal level this year when Jordan Kassalow, adjunct senior Tammany D. Hobbs Miracky, Charles James McLaughlin, fellow for global health policy, published a short report, and Suzanne Christine Nielsen at the March 8, 2001, Term Member Annual Conference, “Challenges for the Bush Why Health Is Important to U.S. Foreign Policy, which be- Administration.” came an instant “best-seller.” Stimulating public debates on policy issues, and espe- cially on foreign policy, is a task worthy of Job. We have been at it for several years now in our bread-and-butter general meetings programs in New York and Washington, D.C., which continued their tradition of success thanks to the leadership of Anne Luzzatto and Paula Dobriansky, respectively. We lifted debates into a separate and special category during the presidential election campaign. Our Campaign 2000 effort, featured on the cover of last year’s Annual Report, succeeded very well in its website and on- line versions. We also did well from time to time with face- Arthur Schneier and Christine Todd Whitman at the to-face debates on college campuses. Anyone who September 8, 2000, Meeting, “Together to Build a China- observed our Atlanta debate on national security between U.S. Relationship Oriented Toward the New Century.” Newt Gingrich and Andrew Young at Georgia State Uni- versity, or the one on defense policy between Senators Carl Levin and Jon Kyl at Georgetown University, can at- test to this. But getting prominent people or prominent foreign pol- icy experts to debate turns out to be an unnatural act. Most of them do not want to debate. Some shy away from the hand-to-hand combat and the possibility of embarrass- ment, and that is understandable. During campaigns, many more demur for political reasons: either they or their political handlers fear rhetorical slips that might damage their candidates’ prospects. James Baker Sitrick, Robert W. Johnson IV, and George But by the time we finish understanding everyone’s Soros at the October 12, 2000, Meeting, “Videoconferenced personal and political realities, serious debate slides out of Conversation with Condoleezza Rice.”

17 The President’s Message

the public arena. And when it does, our democracy de- clines. For all its flaws, nothing matches serious debate— head-on give-and-take between contenders and their contending ideas. Individual speeches and one-on-one in- terviews surely have their place, but well-moderated di- rect exchanges still provide the best tool for the public to understand the issues. To me, our foreign policy friends and political leaders owe the American people a serious debate on foreign pol- Speaker Condoleezza Rice, Senior Foreign Policy Adviser to icy. It is hard to see how our democracy can flourish with- Governor George W. Bush, and New York Presider Charlie out a fair and direct rendering of facts and choices. The Rose at the October 12, 2000, Meeting, “Videoconferenced Conversation with Condoleezza Rice.” jokes that often pass for debate too often demean facts and public choices. This sounds melodramatic, I know. I thought I had for- sworn melodrama for my tenure as Council president. But the consequence of transforming public discourse into a joke is to make democracy a joke. Members and friends of the Council are generally ac- complished people. This success and influence confers on us the heavy responsibility to maintain the quality of de- bates and ideas in our country. Our forefathers under- stood this perfectly. They gave us, among other things, the Speaker Robert C. McFarlane, Chairman, Energy and Federalist Papers and their opposition papers, almost all Communications Solutions, LLC, Speaker Brent Scowcroft, magnificent discourse. Equally impressive, newspapers President, Forum for International Policy, and Maurice R. Greenberg at the February 15, 2001, Meeting with the and journals throughout the colonies carried these disqui- former National Security Advisers, “National Security sitions for all to read. They set the standard for what those Looking Forward.” who have the time and talent to know owe to those who do not. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas managed at once to enlighten and amuse their Illinois neighbors. Congress fathered serious debates during the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. Surely, those who would lead us and provide ideas to our leaders can muster the courage to argue and explain where they would lead us and why.

Leslie H. Gelb President

William J. McDonough and Speaker Vern Clark, Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy, at the January 4, 2001, John Train Lecture, “U.S. Defense Policy Under the New Administration.”

18 Foreign Affairs

he past year was one of transition, most notably from one presidential administra- tion to another in the United States. Foreign Affairs staked out an early position dur- ing the election campaign with wide-ranging articles on upcoming challenges as Tseen through the eyes of key advisers to the major candidates. Given the Republi- can victory, the likely policy directions anticipated by contributors Condoleezza Rice and Robert B. Zoellick received constant attention from other media through- out the year. Immediately following the election, Foreign Affairs presented Samuel R. Berger’s recommendations for building on the Clinton foreign policy record. Essays on the challenges awaiting the incoming Bush administration, as well as critiques of its likely preferences, appeared in our pages. Foreign Affairs was prescient in several areas, such as military modernization, missile defense, energy needs, transatlantic tensions, and shifts in great power relations. Military analyst Eliot A. Cohen (November/December 2000) provided an early call for transforming America’s military forces to meet the decidedly different secu- rity challenges of the 21st century. Other military needs and forward-positioning issues were raised by former Defense Department official Ashton B. Carter (Janu- ary/February 2001) and military scholar Michael O’Hanlon (March/April 2001). And Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov (September/October 2000) raised a red flag about antimissile defense efforts, particularly those that would violate the Antiballistic Missile Treaty. Former State Department consultant John Newhouse (July/August 2001) followed with a careful critique of the technical and political hurdles of various missile defense schemes. On the economic front, Foreign Affairs foresaw the energy crisis with an early alert on the need to add nuclear-energy plants from Richard Rhodes and Denis Beller (January/February 2000). Noted conservationists Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins (July/August 2001) elaborated on the subject by promoting technologically based conservation and efficiency measures, while dismissing oil drilling in Alaska’s Arc- tic National Wildlife Refuge as an unnecessary component of an energy policy. Economist C. Fred Bergsten (March/April 2001) warned that trade tensions could fuel major disruptions in the transatlantic and transpacific relationships, and journalist David E. Sanger (January/February 2001) made the case for reinvigorat- ing global free-trade negotiations. Mounting differences between the United States and its European allies were flagged by British parliamentarian William Wallace and French analyst Dominique Moïsi (May/June 2001 and July/August 2001). In a companion piece to Wallace’s, former National Security Council staffer Antony Blinken found these differences to be of lesser consequence. Other significant articles on Europe addressed the European defense initiative James F. Hoge Jr. (July/August 2000), the rationality of French foreign policy (July/August 2001), and

19 Foreign Affairs obstacles to Turkish membership in the European Union uled to take place in 2002. Our synopsis of these docu- (November/December 2000). ments (January/February 2001) revealed behind-the- Although the Cold War’s end is a decade old, great scenes decision-making at the time of the 1989 student power relations are still of concern; political scientist demonstrations in many Chinese cities and in Beijing’s Daniel Treisman (November/December 2000) reviewed Tiananmen Square. Since publication, other related doc- the reasons for pessimism about Russia’s condition. uments have surfaced, suggesting a continuing effort to However, the focus throughout the year was on influence the upcoming leadership transition. China, its Asian neighbors, and its relations with the Ongoing attention was given to troubled states whose United States. Topics covered included the importance difficulties could ignite larger conflicts and destabilize whole regions. Countries covered included Colombia, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Pakistan, Ukraine, Zimbabwe, and South America’s Andean states. Also addressed during the year were problems attending globaliza- tion, peacekeeping, terrorism, U.N. funding, international criminal jurisdiction, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the spread of technology.

Transitions As the calendar year began, Gideon Rose assumed the managing editor- ship of Foreign Affairs, succeeding Fareed Zakaria, who after eight years in the post joined Newsweek as a columnist and editor of its inter- national edition. Prior to his Gideon Rose and James F. Hoge Jr. at the January 23, 2001, Dinner in Honor of Frederick P. Rose, appointment, Rose was an Olin sen- “Intervention in the 1990s: What Worked? What Didn’t? Lessons for the New Administration.” ior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and a part-time senior editor at the magazine. He formerly served on the staff of the National and the difficulties of U.S. engagement with China (Jan- Security Council. His broad knowledge and editing skills uary/February 2001), China’s nuclear weapons pro- have made him a worthy replacement for his talented gram (July/August 2000), its growing cyber-power predecessor. (March/April 2001), tensions in the Taiwan Strait (July/August 2001), security threats in East Asia (Janu- ary/February 2001), and expected political initiatives from new Chinese leadership (July/August 2001). Initiatives On the latter subject, Foreign Affairs also published In December 2000, Foreign Affairs en Español was launched secret government documents smuggled out of China simultaneously in Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Santiago, by reform elements within the Communist Party who and Madrid. Published three times a year in cooperation hoped to influence the selection of new leaders sched- with the prestigious Instituto Technológico Autónomo de

20 Foreign Affairs

Speaker Richard D. Baum, Director, Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Speaker Orville H. Schell, Dean, Graduate School of Journalism, University of California, Berkeley, Presider James F. Hoge Jr., Speaker David M. Lampton, Director of China Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, and Speaker J. Stapleton Roy, Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc., at the Febru- ary 8, 2001, Meeting, “Roundtable on The Tiananmen Papers“ (in San Francisco).

México (ITAM), the leading private university in Mexico, In January 2001, a new version of the magazine’s web- the Spanish-language edition presents both translated site—www.foreignaffairs.org—was launched. Visitors, essays from Foreign Affairs and articles separately com- now numbering 50,000 per month and growing, may read missioned by its editor, Rafael Fernández de Castro. All of selections from the current issue that have been aug- the Spanish-language content is published simultane- mented by additional related resources, including Foreign ously on the Internet at www.foreignaffairs-esp.org. In Affairs articles and online materials. Among other new fea- between issues of the print edition, the website publishes tures, users will find a powerful new search engine offer- additional original Spanish articles and translations of ing access to past articles that will be available on a articles from Foreign Affairs that do not appear in the three “pay-per-view” basis, and background briefings on inter- printed issues. national developments. Circulation of Foreign Affairs totals 110,000. A recent study identified a third of our subscribers as holding government James F. Hoge Jr. or academic positions, with the balance in the private sector. Editor, Peter G. Peterson Chair Twenty percent of our readership is international, a figure Foreign Affairs that has been growing steadily in recent years.

21 Special Activities

ouncil-sponsored independent task forces, Council Policy Initiatives (CPIs), and the Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Program have over the years become major tools with which the Council has influenced policymakers and Cadvanced the foreign policy debate around the world and in the halls of Con- gress. The Center for Preventive Action, a major institutional priority, will drive the much-needed search for concrete methods to prevent civil and eth- nic conflict in the complicated post–Cold War era.

Speaker Arnold Kanter, Senior Fellow, Forum for International Policy, Task Forces Speaker Dov S. Zakheim, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign The Council sponsors an independent task force when (1) an Relations, and Presider Alton Frye at the October 31, 2000, Meeting, issue of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy “Council Policy Initiative on Humanitarian Intervention.” arises, and (2) it seems that a group diverse in backgrounds and perspectives may, nonetheless, be able to reach a meaning- ful consensus on a policy through private and nonpartisan deliberations. Once formed, task forces are independent of the Council on Foreign Relations and solely responsible for their reports. Through its independent task forces, the Council demonstrates time and again its unique ability to convene high-level groups to help resolve or manage international problems on a nonpartisan basis. Written simply and clearly and addressed to the experts as well as the inter- ested public, these reports make a difference. This year, a number of task forces have had a particularly strong impact. The Independent Task Force on Cuba, chaired by Bernard W. Aronson and William D. Rogers, issued a fol- low-on report that garnered as much interest as its first influential report of 1999. The new report recommended

22 Special Activities

Edward P. Djerejian at the December 18, 2000, Meeting, “Videoconferenced Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century.” that the United States move quickly to prepare for the Brazil can work together on vital matters such as trade, next stage in U.S.-Cuban relations, setting out a number drug trafficking, and regional security and move toward of useful steps—short of lifting general economic sanc- high-level sustained strategic dialogue with Brazilian tions—that can and should be taken to prepare for the leaders. Chaired by Stephen Robert, this task force was transitions in bilateral relations and in Cuba. The report extremely well received both in Brazil and in the United calls for new initiatives beyond recent congressional States and continues to generate massive interest among actions, such as the sale of agricultural and medical prod- the press and policymakers. The task force will continue ucts and allowing all Americans to travel to Cuba. in a standby capacity, meeting at the call of the chair in the The Independent Task Force on Brazil issued a letter event of significant developments as a result of the and a memorandum to the president on U.S. policy report’s impact in Brazil. The task force report was also toward Brazil, urging that the United States initiate with- translated into Portuguese. out delay a thoroughgoing review of policy. The report Frank C. Carlucci chaired a task force on State Depart- recommends that the United States examine where it and ment reform that garnered intense interest at the highest

23 Special Activities

levels. Cosponsored with the Center for Strate- gic and International Studies, the task force presented a plan of action to reform and revi- talize the Department of State, the forward edge of American national security policy that, more than ten years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, finds itself in a profound state of disre- pair. This task force did not attempt to reinvent the many findings and recommendations of other blue-ribbon commissions but instead set out to synthesize the other reports into two brief memos for the president and the secre- tary of state that articulate a “resources-for- reform” strategy to redress the department’s shortcomings. The task force on U.S. policy toward North Korea, co-chaired by James T. Laney and Mor- Speaker Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Dean, ton I. Abramowitz, issued an important letter Haas School of Business, University of to President Bush following the group’s fact-finding trip to South California, Berkeley, and Presider M. Diana Helweg Newton at the October 24, 2000, Korea and Japan. The letter urges full support for South Korea’s Independent Task Force Meeting, “New efforts at reconciliation with the North and recommends that the Opportunities for U.S. Economic Policy administration pursue a verifiable elimination of North Korea’s Toward Japan.” long-range missiles, conduct a careful review of the 1994 nuclear accord with Pyongyang, enhance U.S.–South Korea defense coop- eration, and continue robust trilateral coordination with Seoul and Speaker Bob Graham, Member, U.S. Senate Tokyo. This is the fourth set of recommendations by this task force (D-Fla.), and Speaker Brent Scowcroft, in as many years. President, Forum for International Policy, The central statement of the energy task force report, Strategic at the October 12, 2000, Independent Task Force Meeting, “Toward Greater Peace and Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century, chaired by Edward L. Security in Colombia: Forging a Construc- Morse and cosponsored with the James A. Baker III Institute for tive U.S. Policy.” Public Policy of Rice University, is that we can no longer deny that we are in the throes of an energy crisis. The report recommends that the president tell the American people about this situation and make clear there are no easy or quick solutions. For many decades the United States has avoided adopting a comprehensive energy security policy, but today it faces the prospect of unprecedented price volatility and shortages. The report balances world energy requirements, infrastructure constraints, envi- ronmental concerns, and domestic energy use challenges and discusses in detail options and trade-offs for near- and long-term policy actions. Chaired by former Senator J. Robert Kerrey, the task force on Southeast Asia was formed out of concern that the untended problems in that

24 Special Activities region may erupt into developments of global proportion desirable. The task force will explore topics important and threaten U.S. vital interests, as evidenced by some of to the interests of both India and the United States in the worst crises we have had to face since World War II— the region. Ongoing troubles in Pakistan, the Vietnam War, the Asian financial crisis, and Indonesian Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka, for example, have a unrest, to name a few. U.S. engagement in Southeast Asia, direct and continuing impact on India as well as on and particularly with Indonesia, is a precondition for sta- the U.S.-India relationship. bility and a necessary safeguard to minimize further The China and Russia economic task forces have potential damage to fledgling democracies in the region. extended their work and will be issuing reports in the next The Japan economic task force, chaired by Laura D’An- few months and in the next program year, respectively. drea Tyson, met over a two-year period to examine struc- tural reforms under way in the Japanese economy to determine whether they were fundamentally changing the way business was being done in Japan. It issued a report Council Policy Initiatives in October, coming to three broad conclusions: First, the The Council undertakes a Council Policy Initiative (CPI) when reforms that have already occurred within Japan’s finan- a foreign policy issue is of current and critical importance but cial system are in keeping with the interests and goals of it seems highly unlikely that clashing views can be reconciled in U.S. businesses; second, the United States could do an a meaningful consensus by a task force. The goal of a CPI is to even better job in fostering market liberalization in Japan spark debate among interested Americans on key foreign policy by shifting its priorities from traditional and controversial choices in ways that can be easily understood by informed non- bilateral trade targets to more multilateral processes; and experts. CPI authors try to make the best case for each alterna- third, the United States should adopt a fresh approach in tive. To this end, the Council will publish a concise text its economic negotiations with Japan to match the changes containing the choices, written usually as speeches that a U.S. in the economic environment worldwide. president could give, with a cover memo as if written by a key Frank G. Wisner II and Nicholas Platt are co-chair- presidential adviser, summarizing the choices and giving the ing a task force on India and South Asia cosponsored necessary historical and political background. with the Asia Society on the premise that a broadened Project Director Alton Frye led a CPI on “Humanitar- engagement between the United States and India is ian Intervention: Crafting a Workable Doctrine,” which

Speaker Ronald D. Asmus, Senior Fellow, Europe Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, Speaker Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, Speaker Richard C. Holbrooke, Counselor, Council on Foreign Relations, and Speaker Richard N. Perle, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, at the May 22, 2001, NATO Foreign Ministers Press Briefing, “What to Expect at NATO.”

25 Special Activities

Speaker Carl M. Levin, Member, U.S. Senate (D-Mich.), and Speaker Jon Kyl, Member, U.S. Senate (R-Ariz.), at the September 25, 2000, Campaign 2000 Debate, “Future U.S. Defense Policy and Military Spending.”

addressed the dilemmas of humanitarian intervention eign policy priorities, how to deal with Beijing, free through three different arguments, emphasizing the trade, relations with Europe, and changing Arab atti- moral imperative to intervene, the strategic case to refrain tudes toward Iraq, among others. Alton Frye directed the from intervention, and the political prerequisite to bal- program. ance moral and strategic claims. The authors of the report were Holly J. Burkhalter, Dov S. Zakheim, Stanley A. McChrystal, and Arnold Kanter. Center for Preventive Action The Council founded the Center for Preventive Action Congress and U.S Foreign Policy convinced that preventive action is a desirable and attain- able instrument of U.S. foreign policy. Using expert Program knowledge, established networks, and the Council’s An informed Congress is essential to an effective American for- proven ability to run task forces and studies, the center eign policy, and an informed congressional staff is essential to will examine civil and ethnic crises around the world and an effective Congress. Reaching across party lines, the Coun- promote strategies and actions to preempt or mitigate cil’s congressional staff roundtables provide a forum to discuss deadly conflict. The objective is to harmonize the contacts major international issues under the Council’s tradition of and influence of business, nongovernmental organiza- nonattribution. tions, and international organizations with the power of Co-chaired by Thomas E. Donilon and Kenneth M. governments in order to enable official actors to mobilize Duberstein, the Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Pro- the political will and forge the effective programs needed gram held more than 70 meetings on Capitol Hill, pro- to avert or alleviate crises. viding a neutral setting for key congressional staffers The center is being relaunched with William L. Nash as from both houses of Congress to engage in nonpartisan acting director, with an advisory committee chaired by discussion of various policy matters. This year, the pro- John W. Vessey, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of gram hosted meetings on State Department reform, for- Staff.

26 Term Member Program

he Term Member Program is designed to encourage promising young leaders to engage in a sustained conversation on international affairs and U.S. foreign policy. The program allows younger members to interact with seasoned for- Teign policy veterans as well as participate in a wide variety of events designed especially for them. Each year a new class of term members, all age 34 and under, is elected to a five-year membership. Committees of term members in New York, Washington, D.C., and Boston serve as advisory bodies to the Council leadership and provide term members with opportunities to help cre- ate programs of particular interest to them. This past year term members enjoyed not only a successful Annual Conference in New York but also many opportunities to hear high-profile speakers and to visit West Point, the United Nations, and the Central Intelligence Agency. For information on how to become a term member, please see pages 106–8.

Program Highlights

Term Member Seminars “Foreign Policy, Voters, and Election 2000” PRESIDER: Samuel H. Feist and Roundtables WASHINGTON, D.C. • NOVEMBER 21, 2000

Kurt M. Campbell Mark Schneider Senior Vice President and Director, International Director, Peace Corps Security Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies “Peace Corps: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century” “Current Challenges and Future Prospects in Asia” PRESIDER: PRESIDER: Eileen E. Cassidy Robert M. Scher WASHINGTON, D.C. • DECEMBER 4, 2000 WASHINGTON, D.C. • OCTOBER 25, 2000 William Schneider Kenneth T. Jackson CNN Senior Political Analyst; Senior Fellow, American Jacques Barzun Professor of History and Social Sciences, Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Columbia University

27 Term Member Program

“Making Foreign Policy: A View from Capitol Hill” PRESIDER: Alton Frye NEW YORK • FEBRUARY 20, 2001

John P. Holdren Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy and Director, Program on Science, Technology, and Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; and Professor of Environmental Science and Public Policy, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University “Taking the Temperature of the Climate-Change Debate: An Update on Climate Science and Policy” PRESIDER: Jennifer R. Weeks BOSTON • MARCH 15, 2001

Daniel B. Poneman Partner, Hogan and Hartson “The U.S. Nuclear Future: Civilian and Speaker Louis V. Gerstner Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Military Applications” IBM Corporation, at the April 5, 2001, Meeting, “Leadership in Foreign Affairs with Louis V. Gerstner Jr.” PRESIDER: Jennifer Friedman Sklarew WASHINGTON, D.C. • MARCH 15, 2001

Maria Otero President and Chief Executive Officer, ACCION Joseph Rose International Chairman, City Planning Commission, City of New York “From the Ground Up and the Top Down: How “Globalization and the City of the Future: Policy Can Support Grassroots Development” New York City in the 21st Century” PRESIDER: William Fulbright Foote PRESIDER: Angelica O. Tang BOSTON • APRIL 4, 2001 NEW YORK • FEBRUARY 7, 2001 John C. Reppert Zbigniew Brzezinski Executive Director (Research), Belfer Center for Science Counselor, Center for Strategic and International and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Studies Government, Harvard University “The Geostrategic Triad: Living with China, Europe, “New Leaders Try to Redefine U.S.-Russian and Russia” Relations: Will They Get It Right?” PRESIDER: Alexander T.J. Lennon PRESIDER: Charles James McLaughlin WASHINGTON, D.C. • FEBRUARY 8, 2001 BOSTON • MAY 9, 2001 Carl Samuel Gershman Stephen E. Biegun President, National Endowment for Democracy Majority Staff Director, U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations “Advancing America’s Ideals and Interests in a Robert R. King Rapidly Changing World” Democratic Chief of Staff, U.S. House Committee on PRESIDER: Paul B. McCarthy International Relations WASHINGTON, D.C. • MAY 17, 2001

28 Term Member Program

Thomas E. Lovejoy PRESIDER: Wendy W. Luers Counselor to Secretary on Biodiversity and Environment, NEW YORK • OCTOBER 4, 2000 Smithsonian Institution Jessica T. Mathews Anne-Marie Slaughter President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of Law, Harvard Law School “Global Environment and U.S. Interests: BOSTON • OCTOBER 4, 2000 Why Should the United States Care, and What Are Our Foreign Policy Options?” James B. Steinberg PRESIDER: P.J. Simmons Senior Adviser, Markle Foundation WASHINGTON, D.C. • MAY 30, 2001 “Civil Society and Globalization” PRESIDER: Lisa Shields Caroline Atkinson NEW YORK • JANUARY 30, 2001 Senior Fellow, International Economics, Council on Foreign Relations John J. Sweeney “Global Economy: Risks and Opportunities” President, AFL-CIO PRESIDER: Adam Posen “The Future of the International Labor Movement” WASHINGTON, D.C. • JUNE 20, 2001 PRESIDER: Jacob Weisberg NEW YORK • APRIL 4, 2001

Richard N. Foster Conversations with Director, McKinsey and Company, Inc. Senior Members “Creative Destruction in the United States and Abroad” Elaine F. Sciolino PRESIDER: Nicholas F. Beim Senior Writer, New York Times NEW YORK • MAY 10, 2001

Top Row (L-R): Maryann K. Cusimano Love, Jaime A. Areizaga-Soto, Scott D. Berrie, Warren Bass, Samuel D. Smoots, R. Keith Walton, Gina E. Sullivan, and Kevin P. O’Prey. Bottom Row (L-R): Elizabeth G. Tsehai, Rebecca J. Cooper, H. K. Park, Bessie Skoures, C. S. Eliot Kang, Speaker George J. Tenet, Director of Central Intelligence, Lisa Shields, Elise Carlson Lewis, Kira Kay, and Peter Kezirian at the May 30, 2001, Term Member Trip to the Central Intelligence Agency.

29 Term Member Program

Kian Beyzavi with a West Point cadet at the September 21, 2000, Term Member Trip to West Point.

R. James Woolsey Partner, Shea & Gardner Leadership Meetings “Intelligence Challenges for the 21st Century” C. Michael Armstrong PRESIDER: Nicholas F. Beim Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, AT&T NEW YORK • MAY 24, 2001 “Leadership in Foreign Affairs with C. Michael Bill Bradley Armstrong” Managing Director, Allen and Company, Inc. PRESIDER: Ian P. Murray NEW YORK • SEPTEMBER 26, 2000 “Foreign Policy Priorities of the Democratic Party” Louis V. Gerstner Jr. PRESIDER: Suzanne Nossel Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, NEW YORK • JUNE 11, 2001 IBM Corporation

30 Term Member Program

“Leadership in Foreign Affairs with Louis V. Gerstner Jr.” PRESIDER: R. Keith Walton NEW YORK • APRIL 5, 2001

Henry A. Grunwald President, HAG Enterprises “Leadership in Foreign Affairs with Henry A. Grunwald” PRESIDER: L. Camille Massey NEW YORK • MAY 24, 2001

Sixth Annual Term Member Conference NEW YORK • MARCH 8–9, 2001 Stephen J. Hadley Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Adviser Theodore C. Sorensen Senior Counsel, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison Andrew S. Gundlach and Richard L. Garwin at the March 8, 2001, Term Member “Challenges for the Bush Administration” Annual Conference Session, “Challenges for the Bush Administration.” PRESIDER: Charlie Rose

Warren B. Rudman David G. Victor Partner, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, and Co-chair, U.S. Commission on National Security/ Science and Technology 21st Century “Next Generation Problems, Next Generation Solutions” Paula Dobriansky PRESIDER: Walter Russell Mead Vice President and Director, Washington Program, Council on Foreign Relations “Unconventional Challenges, New Thinking” Trips MODERATOR: Leslie H. Gelb Term Member Trip to West Point NEW YORK • SEPTEMBER 21, 2000 Council on Foreign Relations Fellows: Rachel Bronson Term Member Trip to the United Nations Olin Fellow, National Security Studies NEW YORK • JANUARY 17, 2001 Michael J. Green Olin Senior Fellow, Asia Security Studies Term Member Tour of U.S.S. John F. Kennedy Jordan S. Kassalow NEW YORK • MAY 24, 2001 Adjunct Senior Fellow, Global Health Policy Gideon Rose Term Member Trip to the Central Intelligence Agency Managing Editor, Foreign Affairs WASHINGTON, D.C. • MAY 30, 2001

31 Studies Program

he Studies Department, the Council’s “think tank,” adds value to the foreign policy debate primarily by conducting research on major for- eign policy challenges facing the United States. As a result of this Tyear’s research, which focused primarily on the interrelated areas of international economics, rethinking the national security agenda, and Asia, the Council’s 35 full-time and 22 part-time fellows pro- duced 15 books and 20 articles in major foreign policy journals. These books included Jan Lodal’s groundbreaking study on a new arms control agenda for the United States, The Price of Dominance; David G. Victor’s critique of the Kyoto Protocol, The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming; and Robert A. Manning’s timely analysis of the energy situation in Asia, The Asian Energy Factor: Myths and Dilemmas of Energy, Security, and the Pacific Future. Fellows supplemented these efforts by writing some 100 op- eds in major newspapers, as well as by making several hundred appearances as commentators on television and radio, conducting more than 100 roundtables, and testifying before Congress.

Program Highlights

National Security Study Group on Globalization and the Future of Border Control Program Director: Lawrence J. Korb PROJECT DIRECTOR: Stephen E. Flynn, Senior Fellow, National Security Studies Study Group on the Arms Trade and the CHAIR: Bob Graham, U.S. Senate (D-Fla.) Transnationalization of the Defense Industry: Economic versus Security Drivers Roundtable on the Geoeconomics of Military PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ann R. Markusen, Senior Fellow, Preparedness Industrial Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ann R. Markusen, Senior Fellow, CHAIR: Richard Ravitch, Ravitch, Rice & Co. Industrial Policy

32 Studies Program

Presider Ann R. Markusen, Judith V. Reppy, and Speaker Isaiah Wilson III, U.S. Military Academy, at the April 20, 2001, Roundtable on the Geoeconomics of Military Preparedness, “The Commercialization of Foreign Military Sales Reform.”

Roundtable on the Goldwater-Nichols Act and the Joint Chiefs of Staff PROJECT DIRECTOR: Bernard E. Trainor, Adjunct Senior Fellow

Henry A. Kissinger Roundtable on Terrorism PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies

Study Group on Terrorism PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jessica E. Stern, Adjunct Fellow CHAIR: Stephen Cohen, Brookings Institution

John J. McCloy Roundtable on Setting the New National Security Agenda PROJECT DIRECTOR: Richard K. Betts, Adjunct Senior Fellow, National Security Studies

Nuclear Arms Control: A Program of Action PROJECT DIRECTOR: Richard Butler, Diplomat in Residence

International Economics Program Director: Roger M. Kubarych Project on the Americanization of Finance PROJECT DIRECTOR: Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman Presider Henry Kaufman, Speaker Ernst Welteke, Deutsche Bundesbank, Senior Fellow in International Economics and and Roger M. Kubarych at the May 2, 2001, Meeting, “A Dialogue on Finance and Director, International Economics European Monetary Integration with the President of the Bundesbank.”

33 Studies Program

Project on Financial Vulnerabilities and Foreign Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman Senior Fellow in International Economics and Finance and Director, International Economics Study Group on Appropriate Governance: Managing Free Trade in the Age of Turbulence PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics CHAIR: W. Bowman Cutter, Warburg and Pincus Study Group on Derivatives in Public Debt Management PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics STUDY AUTHOR: Gustavo Piga, Adjunct Fellow, International Economics Speaker Charles A. Kupchan, Council on Foreign Relations, and Presider Study Group on Technological Innovation and James C. Chace at the May 10, 2001, W. Averell Harriman Study Group Economic Performance on Contending Visions of International Order, “After Pax Americana.” PROJECT DIRECTORS: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics David G. Victor, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow Pat Choate, The Economist and Director, Science and Technology CO-CHAIRS: Sherrod Brown, U.S. House of Representatives CHAIR: Richard N. Foster, McKinsey & Company, Inc. (D-Ohio) Roundtable on Democratizing U.S. Trade Policy Jim Kolbe, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Ariz.) PROJECT DIRECTORS: Bruce Stokes, Adjunct Senior Fellow A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series for Economic Studies: Trade PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics COSPONSORED WITH THE CORPORATE PROGRAM

C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics COSPONSORED WITH THE CORPORATE PROGRAM

Asia Program Director: Robert A. Manning

Study Group on Asia’s Coming Wars PROJECT DIRECTORS: Robert A. Manning, C.V. Starr Senior Presider J. Stapleton Roy and Speaker Elizabeth C. Economy, Council on Foreign Relations, at the April 25, 2001, Study Group on China and the Fellow and Director, Asia Studies Environment, “Environmental Problems and Politics: Issues, Actors, and Michael J. Green, Olin Senior Fellow, Asia Security Options.” Studies

34 Studies Program

Study Group on China and the Environment PROJECT DIRECTOR: Elizabeth C. Economy, Senior Fellow, China Studies, and Deputy Director, Asia Studies CHAIR: J. Stapleton Roy, Kissinger Associates, Inc. Roundtable on India CO-CHAIRS: Frank G. Wisner II, American International Group, Inc. Marshall M. Bouton, Asia Society Winston Lord Roundtable on Asia, the Rule of Law, and U.S. Foreign Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jerome A. Cohen, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Asia Studies James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Elizabeth C. Economy, Adjunct Senior Fellow, China Studies, and Deputy Director, Asia Studies Presider Michael M. Weinstein at the April 5, 2001, C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, “Time for Real Reform of the Financial System.” Africa Africa Roundtable Series Study Group on Overcoming Europe’s Divide: PROJECT DIRECTOR: Gwendolyn Mikell, Senior Fellow, NATO Enlargement and the Search for a New Africa Studies European Security Order PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ronald D. Asmus, Senior Fellow, Roundtable on Private Capital Flows to Sub-Saharan Europe Studies Africa CHAIR: Zbigniew Brzezinski, Center for Strategic and PROJECT DIRECTOR: Mahesh K. Kotecha, Adjunct Senior International Studies Fellow, Africa Studies CHAIR: Maurice Tempelsman, Leon Tempelsman & Son Pieter A. Fisher European Studies Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Charles A. Kupchan, 2000–2001 Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Europe Studies Program Director: Charles A. Kupchan George F. Kennan Roundtable on Russia W. Averell Harriman Study Group on Contending at the Crossroads Visions of International Order PROJECT DIRECTOR: Paula J. Dobriansky, George F. Kennan PROJECT DIRECTOR: Charles A. Kupchan, 2000–2001 Senior Fellow, Russian and Eurasian Studies, and Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow and Director, Vice President and Director, Washington Program Europe Studies Roundtable on Russian Economics and Security CO-CHAIRS: James C. Chace, Bard College PROJECT DIRECTOR: Celeste A. Wallander, Senior Fellow, Stephen M. Walt, Kennedy School of Government, Europe Studies Harvard University Roundtable on Russian Nationalism and Foreign Study Group on New World Order Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Michael Mandelbaum, Senior Fellow PROJECT DIRECTOR: Astrid S. Tuminez, Adjunct Next CHAIR: Lawrence J. Korb, Council on Foreign Relations Generation Fellow

35 Studies Program

Program on New Approaches to Russian Security (PONARS) PROJECT DIRECTOR: Celeste A. Wallander, Senior Fellow, Europe Studies

Latin America Program Director: Kenneth R. Maxwell Study Group on Brazil PROJECT DIRECTOR AND CHAIR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Study Group on U.S.–Latin American Relations PROJECT DIRECTOR AND CHAIR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Benn Steil and Speaker Joel Klein, Bertelsmann Inc., at the April 18, 2001, A.T. Latin America Studies Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, “Globalization of Antitrust Policy.” Roundtable on Cuba and U.S.-Cuban Relations PROJECT DIRECTOR: Julia E. Sweig, Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies CHAIR: George Albert Dalley, Holland & Knight Presider Stephen J. Friedman and Speaker Arthur C. Helton, Council on Latin America Roundtable Foreign Relations, at the December 6, 2000, Study Group on Refugee Policy, PROJECT DIRECTORS: “Remedies for Refugee Exile.” Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Julia E. Sweig, Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies Roundtable on U.S.-Mexican Relations PROJECT DIRECTORS: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Riordan Roett, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University The Chase Manhattan Inter-American Forthcoming Issues Series PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies

36 Studies Program

Middle East Program Director: Richard W. Murphy

U.S./Middle East Project DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Senior Fellow

Study Group on Middle East Trade Options STUDY DIRECTOR: Bernard Hoekman, World Bank PROJECT DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Speaker Elizabeth Jones, U.S. Department of State, Presider Richard W. Murphy, and Speaker Senior Fellow Howard Chase, BP Amoco, at the April 24, 2001, Middle East Roundtable, “The Future of Caspian CHAIR: Peter D. Sutherland, Goldman Energy.” Sachs PROJECT COORDINATOR: Scott Lasensky, Peace and Conflict Assistant Director, U.S./Middle Program Director: East Project Arthur C. Helton U.S./Middle East Project Roundtable Study Group on Ethnic Conflict, Partition, and PROJECT DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Senior Fellow Post-Conflict Reconstruction PROJECT COORDINATOR: Scott Lasensky, Assistant Director, PROJECT DIRECTOR: Radha Kumar, Senior Fellow, Peace U.S./Middle East Project and Conflict Studies CO-CHAIRS: Mahnaz Z. Ispahani, Ford Foundation U.S.-European Consultation on the W. Anthony Lake, Georgetown University Middle East PROJECT DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Senior Fellow Study Group on Refugee Policy PROJECT COORDINATOR: Scott Lasensky, Assistant Director, PROJECT DIRECTOR: Arthur C. Helton, Senior Fellow for U.S./Middle East Project Refugee Studies and Preventive Action and Director, Peace and Conflict Studies Middle East Roundtable CHAIR: Stephen J. Friedman, Debevoise & Plimpton PROJECT DIRECTOR: Richard W. Murphy, Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for the Middle East and Director, Roundtable on Refugees and the Displaced Middle East Studies PROJECT DIRECTOR: Robert P. DeVecchi, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Refugees and the Displaced Middle East Forum PROJECT DIRECTOR: Judith Kipper, Director, Middle East U.N. Roundtable Forum PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ruth Wedgwood, Senior Fellow, International Organizations and Law Energy Security Group PROJECT DIRECTOR: Judith Kipper, Director, Middle East Roundtable on Women’s Human Rights and Forum U.S. Interests PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, Adjunct Roundtable on Iraq Senior Fellow PROJECT DIRECTORS: Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow CO-CHAIRS: Adele Simmons, University of Chicago Judith Kipper, Director, Middle East Forum Jack L. Snyder, Columbia University

37 Studies Program

Science and Technology Program Director: David G. Victor Study Group on Genetically Modified Organisms PROJECT DIRECTORS: C. Ford Runge, University of Minnesota David G. Victor, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology CHAIR: David L. Aaron, Dorsey & Whitney Study Group on the Great Restoration: Protecting the World’s Forests PROJECT DIRECTOR: David G. Victor, Robert Speaker Michael Mandelbaum, Council on Foreign Relations, Walter Russell Mead, and W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and James M. Klurfeld at the March 19, 2001, Study Group on New World Order, “The Cold Director, Science and Technology War Reconsidered.” CO-CHAIRS: Jesse H. Ausubel, Rockefeller University John Spears, World Bank Mora L. McLean, Mahesh K. Kotecha, Speaker Callisto Madavo, World Bank, and Presider Maurice Tempelsman at the April 4, 2001, Roundtable on Private Capital Flows to Sub- Study Group on U.S. Foreign Policy Saharan Africa, “The Case for Private Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa.” and the Challenges of Improving the Health of Populations PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jordan S. Kassalow, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Global Health Policy CO-CHAIRS: Jo Ivey Boufford, New York University Princeton N. Lyman, Aspen Institute Study Group on Technology Policy and Global Warming PROJECT DIRECTOR: David G. Victor, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology CHAIR: Rodney W. Nichols, New York Academy of Sciences

U.S. Foreign Policy Project on Democracy and Development PROJECT DIRECTORS: Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow Michael M. Weinstein, BP Senior Fellow, International Economics

38 Studies Program

Study Group on American Foreign Policy and the Global Middle Class PROJECT DIRECTOR: Walter Russell Mead, Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Roundtable on General Foreign Policy Topics PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kiron K. Skinner, Adjunct Next Generation Fellow CHAIR: Richard V. Allen, Richard V. Allen Co.

Other Activities Community of Scholars Project PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies Global Kids Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTORS: Eric Aldrich, Research Associate, China Studies Alicia Siebenaler, Assistant to the Associate Director of Studies Kenneth R. Maxwell and Linda Robinson at the June National Next Generation Fellow Roundtable Conference Discussion Group on Latin America PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies CHAIR: Allan E. Goodman, Institute of International Education International Affairs Fellowship Program The International Affairs Fellowship Program is designed to advance the professional development of outstanding Americans between the ages of 27 and 35 by supporting a variety of policy studies and active exposure to policymaking. It encourages academics and others from the private sector to serve in a policy- oriented environment and permits government officials to study key issues in a scholarly atmosphere with the aim of bridging the gap between thought and action in foreign policy. The International Affairs Fellowship in Japan, spon- sored by Hitachi, Ltd., enables Fellows to expand their intellectual and professional horizons by working and living in Japan and cultivating a better understanding of Japan’s culture, people, and politics. The Council organizes monthly roundtable meetings Lawrence J. Korb at the November 21, 2000, Meeting, “Why Health Is in Washington, D.C., for the fellows, and a two-day Important to U.S. Foreign Policy.” conference in New York.

39 Studies Program

Council Visiting Fellows Roundtable Series Michael A. Sheehan, Ambassador at Large for Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State “Counterterrorism Challenges for the Next Administration” PRESIDER: Shibley Telhami, IAF 1988–89 NOVEMBER 30, 2000

Halvor A. Hartz, Chief, Civilian Police Unit, United Nations “Police and Military Functions in Reestablishing the Rule of Law: Shrinking the Security Vacuum” PRESIDER: Kimberly C. Field, IAF 2000–2001 DECEMBER 5, 2000 Princeton N. Lyman and Jordan S. Kassalow at the November 21, 2000, Meeting, “Why Health Is Important to U.S. Foreign Policy.” Jay C. Davis, Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, U.S. Department of Defense 2001–2002 International Affairs Fellows “Defense Threat Reduction Agency: Accomplishments of the Past, Tasks for the Future” Jon B. Alterman, U.S. Institute of Peace PRESIDER: Jeffrey S. Milstein, IAF 1972–73 Peter Andreas, Brown University FEBRUARY 1, 2001 Susan F. Bryant, U.S. Military Academy Thomas Carothers, Vice President for Studies, Carnegie Aaron Louis Friedberg*, Princeton University Endowment for International Peace Stephen R. Grand, German Marshall Fund of the U.S. “Ousting Strongmen: Lessons from Serbia” Elizabeth Guran*, U.S. General Accounting Office PRESIDER: Jamie F. Metzl, IAF 1997–98 FEBRUARY 28, 2001 Xiaobo Lu*, Columbia University Michael Lynn, University of California, San Francisco James A. Placke, Director, Cambridge Energy Research Stewart M. Patrick, New York University Associates Nigel Purvis, U.S. Department of State “OPEC: Past and Future” PRESIDER: Douglas B. McNary, IAF 1996–97 Stephen M. Saideman, Texas Tech University MARCH 21, 2001 Amy Searight, Northwestern University Brad W. Setser, U.S. Department of the Treasury Michael O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution “The Case for Limited National Missile Defense and Zachary Shore, Oxford Analytica a Discussion on Northeast Asia Policy” Lawrence J. Spinetta, U.S. Air Force PRESIDER: Robert A. Manning John P. Tuman*, University of Nevada, Las Vegas JUNE 27, 2001

*International Affairs Fellow in Japan, sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd.

40 New York Meetings Program

he New York Meetings Program provides members in New York with the opportunity to exchange ideas with influential world figures, new leaders on the international scene, policymakers and opinion shapers, and respected Texperts. Each year, the Council convenes over 100 programs, including single- speaker events, debates, panels, “town hall” meetings, author interviews, videoconferences, and film screenings. Topics range from those of the moment to longer-range economic and political forecasts. This year, our meeting high- lights included the World Economic Update series, videoconferences with Israeli Prime Ministers Ariel Sharon and Ehud Barak, panels with past secre- taries of state and directors of central intelligence, and a debate between the top economic advisers to presidential candidates George Bush and Al Gore.

Program Highlights

Mikhail S. Gorbachev PRESIDER: Thomas F. McLarty III Chairman, Foundation for the Development of SEPTEMBER 7, 2000 Democracy and World Peace; former President, U.S.S.R. “The U.S.-Russian Relationship: Current Views”* K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid PRESIDER: Jack F. Matlock Jr. President, Indonesia SEPTEMBER 6, 2000 “Economic Recovery: The Key to Securing Indonesia’s Democracy”* Meles Zenawi PRESIDER: Maurice R. Greenberg Prime Minister, Ethiopia SEPTEMBER 7, 2000 “Ethiopia: An Update from the Prime Minister”* COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY PRESIDER: George J. Mitchell SEPTEMBER 6, 2000 Andrés Pastrana President, Colombia Alberto Fujimori “U.S.-Colombian Relations”* President, Peru PRESIDER: Donald B. Marron “A Conversation with Alberto Fujimori”* SEPTEMBER 7, 2000

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

41 New York Meetings Program

Hugo Chávez President, Venezuela “Venezuela and Its New Economy”* PRESIDER: William H. Luers SEPTEMBER 8, 2000

Jiang Zemin President, People’s Republic of China “Together to Build a China-U.S. Relationship Oriented Toward the New Century”* PRESIDERS: Barber B. Conable Jr. and Frederick W. Smith SEPTEMBER 8, 2000 COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY, THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U.S.–CHINA RELATIONS, THE UNITED STATES–CHINA BUSINESS COUNCIL, THE U.S.–CHINA POLICY FOUNDATION, AND THE COMMITTEE OF 100 Anne R. Luzzatto and Speaker Stansfield Turner, Professor, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland, College Park, at the Pervez Musharraf May 23, 2001, “Videoconferenced Meeting: The CIA from Carter to Chief Executive, Pakistan Clinton: What’s Changed? What’s Next?” “A Strategic Vision for Pakistan”* PRESIDER: Nicholas Platt Lee Kuan Yew SEPTEMBER 8, 2000 Senior Minister, Singapore COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY “Crossroads for East Asia”* PRESIDER: Henry A. Kissinger Condoleezza Rice OCTOBER 19, 2000 Senior Foreign Policy Adviser to Governor George W. Bush; Senior Fellow and Professor of Political Science, Hoover Institution, Stanford University Jagdish N. Bhagwati André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics, “Videoconferenced Conversation with Condoleezza Council on Foreign Relations Rice” Robert B. Reich NEW YORK PRESIDER: Charlie Rose Former U.S. Secretary of Labor WASHINGTON, D.C., PRESIDER: Josette Shiner “Trade Policy: The Lessons of Seattle” OCTOBER 12, 2000 PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb OCTOBER 19, 2000 Alan S. Blinder A.T. KEARNEY EXECUTIVE ROUNDTABLE SERIES Economic Adviser to the Gore Campaign; Professor of Economics, Princeton University Robert D. Kaplan Lawrence B. Lindsey Author, Eastward to Tartary Chief Economic Adviser to Governor George W. Bush; “A Conversation with Robert Kaplan” Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute for Public PRESIDER: Policy Research Walter Russell Mead NOVEMBER 9, 2000 “The United States and the Global Economy: Does It Matter Who Wins in November?” John P. Lipsky PRESIDER: C. Shelby Coffey III Chief Economist and Managing Director, J.P. Morgan OCTOBER 13, 2000 Chase Corporation David R. Malpass Hillary Rodham Clinton Chief International Economist, Bear, Stearns & Democratic Candidate for U.S. Senate from New York Co., Inc. “A Conversation with Hillary Rodham Clinton” Stephen Roach PRESIDER: Theodore C. Sorensen Chief Economist and Director of Global Economics, OCTOBER 17, 2000 Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

42 New York Meetings Program

Speaker Henry A. Kissinger, Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc., Speaker Richard V. Allen, Chairman, Richard V. Allen Co., Presider Richard C. Holbrooke, Speaker Robert C. McFarlane, Chairman, Energy and Communications Solutions, LLC, and Speaker Brent Scowcroft, President, Forum for International Policy, at the February 15, 2001, Meeting with the former National Security Advisers, “National Security Looking Forward.”

Bruce Steinberg Anthony C. Zinni Chief Economist, Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. General, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.); former Commander “World Economic Update” in Chief, U.S. Central Command PRESIDER: Daniel K. Tarullo “A Conversation with General Zinni: Security from NOVEMBER 17, 2000 • FEBRUARY 8, 2001 • APRIL 12, 2001 the Gulf to Central Asia” PRESIDER: Guy Patrick Wyser-Pratte Peter O. Almond DECEMBER 4, 2000 Producer, Thirteen Days Theodore C. Sorensen Vern Clark Senior Counsel, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy Garrison; former Special Counsel and Speechwriter to Michael E. Ryan President John F. Kennedy Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force Philip D. Zelikow Eric K. Shinseki Director, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Virginia; Coauthor, The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White Michael J. Williams House During the Cuban Missile Crisis Assistant Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps “Thirteen Days” “U.S. Defense Policy Under the New Administration” PRESIDER: Michael D. McCurry PRESIDER: William J. Crowe NOVEMBER 20, 2000 JANUARY 4, 2001 THE JOHN TRAIN LECTURE Charlene Barshefsky U.S. Trade Representative Ehud Barak “U.S. Trade Policy: A Look Back, A Look Ahead”* Prime Minister, Israel PRESIDER: Michael B.G. Froman “Videoconferenced Conversation with Ehud Barak” NOVEMBER 29, 2000 PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb JANUARY 8, 2001 John G. Ruggie THE RUSSELL C. LEFFINGWELL LECTURE Assistant Secretary-General, United Nations Jorge G. Castañeda “The United Nations and Global Community” Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mexico PRESIDER: William H. Luers NOVEMBER 29, 2000 “Political Change in Mexico”* THE SORENSEN DISTINGUISHED LECTURE PRESIDER: James R. Jones ON THE UNITED NATIONS JANUARY 10, 2001

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

43 New York Meetings Program

Chas. W. Freeman Jr. Chairman, Projects International Inc. Kenneth G. Lieberthal Professor of Political Science and William Davidson Professor of Business Administration, University of Michigan; former Special Assistant to the President for Asia and Senior Director for Asia, National Security Council James R. Lilley Resident Fellow of Asian Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research; former U.S. Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China Andrew J. Nathan Co-editor, The Tiananmen Papers; Professor of Political Science, Columbia University Orville H. Schell Dean, Graduate School of Journalism, University of Presider Winston Lord, Speaker Sadako Ogata, U.N. High Commissioner California, Berkeley for Refugees, and Robert P. DeVecchi at the November 16, 2000, “The Tiananmen Papers—Secret Documents on Meeting, “State of the World’s Refugees.” High-Level Meetings: Are They Authentic? What Do They Mean?” PRESIDER: James F. Hoge Jr. JANUARY 11, 2001

Samuel R. Berger U.S. National Security Adviser “A Foreign Policy for the Global Age”* PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb JANUARY 11, 2001

Philip Gourevitch Staff Writer, The New Yorker Sidney R. Jones Executive Director, Human Rights Watch/Asia Speaker Wesley K. Clark, former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, David Rieff and Presider Felix G. Rohatyn at the May 24, 2001, Meeting, “Waging Modern War.” Fellow, World Policy Institute “Intervention in the 1990s: What Worked? What Didn’t? Lessons for the New Administration” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb Martin Walker JANUARY 23, 2001 Public Policy Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International DINNER IN HONOR OF FREDERICK P. ROSE Center for Scholars Ariel Sharon “Europe Regional Update: Will ‘Europe’ Take New Chairman, Likud Party, Israel Directions?” “Videoconferenced Conversation with Ariel PRESIDER: Harold M. Evans Sharon” JANUARY 24, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON GERMANY NEW YORK PRESIDER: Marilyn Berger AND THE WOMEN’S FOREIGN POLICY GROUP WASHINGTON, D.C., PRESIDER: Judith Kipper JANUARY 24, 2001 Frank E. Loy Head of the U.S. Delegation to Conference in The Hague Tony Judt on the Kyoto Protocol; former Undersecretary of State for Director, Remarque Institute, New York University Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State

44 New York Meetings Program

Presider William J. Crowe, Speaker General Michael E. Ryan, Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force, Speaker Speaker Madeleine K. Albright, Chairman, General Eric K. Shinseki, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, Speaker Admiral Vern Clark, Chief of Naval National Democratic Institute, at the April Operations, U.S. Navy, and Speaker General Michael J. Williams, Assistant Commandant, U.S. Marine 24, 2001, Meeting, “Videoconferenced Corps, at the January 4, 2001, John Train Lecture, “U.S. Defense Policy Under the New Administration.” Conversation with the Former Secretaries of State.”

Jan Pronk J. Stapleton Roy Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former Environment, Netherlands; Chairman of Conference in U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia, China, and Singapore The Hague on the Kyoto Protocol “Regional Update: Asia” “Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol: Prospects PRESIDER: Winston Lord for Progress after Deadlock at The Hague” MARCH 5, 2001 PRESIDER: David G. Victor FEBRUARY 12, 2001 Clifford G. Gaddy Fellow, Economic Studies and Foreign Policy Studies, Richard V. Allen Brookings Institution Chairman, Richard V. Allen Co.; former U.S. National Michael McFaul Security Adviser Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for Henry A. Kissinger International Peace Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former Stephen R. Sestanovich U.S. National Security Adviser Former Ambassador at Large and Special Adviser to the Robert C. McFarlane Secretary of State for the Newly Independent States, U.S. Department of State Chairman, Energy and Communications Solutions, LLC; former U.S. National Security Adviser “Russia Update” Brent Scowcroft PRESIDER: Celeste A. Wallander President, Forum for International Policy; former MARCH 12, 2001 U.S. National Security Adviser Madeleine K. Albright “National Security Looking Forward” Chairman, National Democratic Institute; former PRESIDER: Richard C. Holbrooke U.S. Secretary of State FEBRUARY 15, 2001 HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES “A Conversation with Madeleine Albright” PRESIDER: Arthur Schlesinger Jr. APRIL 2, 2001 Yoichi Funabashi THE DAVID A. MORSE LECTURE Editorial Member and Columnist, Asahi Shimbun Stanley O. Roth Lawrence Harrison Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian Associate, Harvard Academy for International and Pacific Affairs and Area Studies, Harvard University

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

45 New York Meetings Program

Jeffrey D. Sachs Stansfield Turner Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade and Director, Professor, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Center for International Development, Harvard University Maryland, College Park; former Director of Central “Culture Matters” Intelligence; Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.) PRESIDER: Alexander Stille William H. Webster APRIL 17, 2001 Partner, Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy; former Director of Central Intelligence Joel Klein R. James Woolsey Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bertelsmann Inc.; Partner, Shea & Gardner; former Director of Central former Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, Intelligence U.S. Department of Justice “Videoconferenced Meeting: The CIA from Carter Mario Monti to Clinton: What’s Changed? What’s Next?” Commissioner for Competition Policy, European NEW YORK PRESIDER: Daniel L. Schorr Commission CHICAGO PRESIDER: Mitchel B. Wallerstein “Globalization of Antitrust Policy” MAY 23, 2001 PRESIDER: Richard N. Gardner HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES APRIL 18, 2001 A.T. KEARNEY EXECUTIVE ROUNDTABLE SERIES Howard H. Baker Jr. Partner, Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell; former Madeleine K. Albright (New York) White House Chief of Staff Chairman, National Democratic Institute; former U.S. Secretary of State Erskine B. Bowles General Partner, Forstmann Little & Co.; former White Warren Christopher (San Francisco) House Chief of Staff Senior Partner, O’Melveny & Myers LLP; former U.S. Secretary of State John D. Podesta Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Law Center; Henry A. Kissinger (New York) former White House Chief of Staff Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former U.S. Secretary of State Samuel K. Skinner Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, George P. Shultz (San Francisco) US Freightways; former White House Chief of Staff Distinguished Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University; former U.S. Secretary of State “The Pivotal Role of the White House Chief of “Videoconferenced Conversation with the Former Staff—How Is It Changing?” Secretaries of State”* PRESIDER: Marvin Kalb MAY 29, 2001 NEW YORK PRESIDER: Walter S. Isaacson HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES SAN FRANCISCO PRESIDER: Peter Tarnoff APRIL 24, 2001 James D. Wolfensohn President, World Bank Bill Berkeley Editorial Writer, New York Times “Integrating Africa into the World Economy: Philip Gourevitch The Challenges Ahead” Staff Writer, The New Yorker PRESIDER: Henry Kaufman Ryszard Kapuscinski JUNE 14, 2001 Author, Shadow of the Sun THE ELIHU ROOT LECTURE “Africa Update” Festus G. Mogae PRESIDER: Marcus Mabry President, Botswana MAY 3, 2001 “Botswana’s Case for Development Diamonds” John Deutch PRESIDER: Richard M. Moose Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; JUNE 26, 2001 former Director of Central Intelligence THE DAVID ROCKEFELLER LECTURE

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

46 Washington Program

his year was marked by the grand opening of our new videoconference facili- ties and the expansion of the D.C. office. The Washington Program pursued various formats, including videoconferenced meetings with Yasser Arafat, Ariel TSharon, and Ehud Barak. President Kim Dae-Jung of South Korea, President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh, Foreign Minister János Mártonyi of Hungary, and other international dignitaries met with members. In October, the Campaign 2000 initiative concluded, and in April, a Policy Debate Series was launched with meetings on nuclear weapons reductions, Iraq, and Plan Colombia. The D.C. office also partnered with HBO to premier three moving documentary films. Overall, it has been an exhilarat- ing year for the Washington Program, highlighted by the continued tradition of excellence in foreign policy discussions and research.

Program Highlights

Leon S. Fuerth Bush; Senior Fellow and Professor of Political Science, U.S. National Security Adviser, Office of the Vice President Hoover Institution, Stanford University “Engaging Abroad: Vice President Gore and “Videoconferenced Conversation with Condoleezza U.S. Foreign Policy” Rice” PRESIDER: Lee Cullum NEW YORK PRESIDER: Charlie Rose SEPTEMBER 20, 2000 WASHINGTON, D.C., PRESIDER: Josette S. Shiner OCTOBER 12, 2000 Kent Kresa Board Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Laura D’Andrea Tyson Northrop Grumman Corporation Dean, Haas School of Business, University of California, “The Future of International Cooperation in the Berkeley; Chair, Independent Economic Task Force on Defense Industry” Japan, Council on Foreign Relations PRESIDER: John J. Hamre “New Opportunities for U.S. Economic Policy Toward OCTOBER 11, 2000 Japan: Findings and Recommendations of a Council-Sponsored Independent Task Force” Condoleezza Rice PRESIDER: M. Diana Helweg Newton Senior Foreign Policy Adviser to Governor George W. OCTOBER 24, 2000

47 Washington Program

Hanan Mikhail Ashrawi Robert B. Zoellick Secretary-General, MIFTAH; Member, Palestinian Former Undersecretary, U.S. Department of State; former Legislative Council White House Deputy Chief of Staff; former Counselor to “Is Palestinian-Israeli Peace a Shattered Dream? A the Secretary of the Treasury Palestinian Perspective on Getting Back to “Governor Bush and the Century of the Americas” Negotiations” PRESIDER: Bernard W. Aronson PRESIDER: Judith Kipper OCTOBER 30, 2000 OCTOBER 30, 2000 MIDDLE EAST FORUM Elaine F. Sciolino Senior Writer, New York Times; Author, Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran “Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran” PRESIDER: Toby Trister Gati NOVEMBER 13, 2000 MIDDLE EAST FORUM AND AUTHOR’S SPOTLIGHT SERIES

Frank E. Loy Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State “Global Climate Change: A Post-Summit Update” PRESIDER: Henrietta Holsman Fore NOVEMBER 30, 2000

Anthony C. Zinni Chairman, Middle East Forum, Council on Foreign Relations; General, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.); former Presider Marvin Kalb, Speaker Katherine Harris, Secretary of State, Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command Florida, and Speaker Calvin M. Dooley, Member, U.S. House of “Threats and Challenges for the Next Administration Representatives (D-Calif.), at the March 21, 2001, Meeting, “Free Trade in the Middle East and South Asia” of the Americas: Economic Integration and Sustainable Development.” PRESIDER: George R. Salem DECEMBER 11, 2000 MIDDLE EAST FORUM

Richard N. Haass Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings Institution Mark Palmer President and Chief Executive Officer, Capital Development Company, LLC “Can We Achieve a Democratic World by 2025?” PRESIDER: Julia Chang Bloch DECEMBER 11, 2000

Keith R. Hall Assistant Secretary to the U.S. Air Force for Space; Director, National Reconnaissance Office Michael V. Hayden Speaker Bill Richardson, Secretary of Energy, and Speaker Edward J. Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force; Director, Central Perkins, Crowe Chair Professor and Executive Director, International Security Service, National Security Agency Programs Center, University of Oklahoma, at the October 2, 2000, James C. King Meeting with the former U.S. Permanent Representatives to the United Lieutenant General, U.S. Army; Director, National Nations, “The United Nations in the 21st Century.” Imagery and Mapping Agency

48 Washington Program

“America’s International Role in the 21st Century” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb DECEMBER 18, 2000 DAUGHTERS AND SONS EVENT

Janet Reno Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice “Global Partners: International Cooperation Against Crime” PRESIDER: Dick Thornburgh JANUARY 9, 2001

Andrew J. Nathan Speaker Chuck Hagel, Member, U.S. Senate (R-Neb.), at the December Co-editor, The Tiananmen Papers; Professor of Political 18, 2000, Daughters and Sons Event, “America’s International Role in Science, Columbia University the 21st Century.” Douglas H. Paal President and Founder, Asia Pacific Policy Center J. Stapleton Roy John E. McLaughlin Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former Deputy Director, Central Intelligence Agency Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Research, Thomas J. Pickard U.S. Department of State; former U.S. Ambassador to Deputy Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Indonesia, China, and Singapore J. Stapleton Roy David Shambaugh Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former Director, China Policy Program, Elliot School of Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Research, International Affairs, George Washington University U.S. Department of State “The Tiananmen Papers” Thomas R. Wilson PRESIDER: James F. Hoge Jr. Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy; Director, Defense Intelligence JANUARY 17, 2001 Agency “Intelligence Challenges for the New W. Anthony Lake Administration” Former U.S. National Security Adviser; author, PRESIDER: John C. Gannon Six Nightmares DECEMBER 18, 2000 “Six Nightmares” PRESIDER: Lester M. Crystal Chuck Hagel JANUARY 24, 2001 Member, U.S. Senate (R-Neb.) AUTHOR’S SPOTLIGHT SERIES

Speaker Janet Reno, Attorney General, and Presider Dick Thornburgh at the January 9, 2001, Meeting, “Global Partners: International Cooperation Against Crime.”

49 Washington Program

David M. Abshire President, Center for the Study of the Presidency Charles G. Boyd Executive Director, U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century; General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) Frank C. Carlucci Chairman, Carlyle Group; former U.S. Secretary of Defense John J. Hamre President and Chief Executive Officer, Center for Strategic and International Studies Robert E. Hunter Senior Adviser, RAND Lewis B. Kaden Partner, Davis, Polk & Wardwell Casimir A. Yost Director, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University “State Department Reform: Findings and Recommendations of an Independent Task Stephen J. Solarz, Paula J. Dobriansky, and Speaker Paul Kagame, Force” President of Rwanda, at the February 2, 2001, Meeting, “Rwanda: PRESIDER: Paula J. Dobriansky Finding Its Place in the New Africa.” FEBRUARY 6, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Stephen R. Sestanovich Former Ambassador at Large and Special Adviser to the Secretary of State for the New Independent States, U.S. Department of State Dimitri K. Simes President, Nixon Center “Putin One Year Later: A Balance Sheet” PRESIDER: Richard V. Allen MARCH 19, 2001

Sayed Rahmatullah Foreign Ministry Official, Afghanistan (Taliban Islamic Movement) Speaker Paul D. Wolfowitz, Dean, School of Advanced International “Afghanistan: A Taliban Perspective” Studies, Johns Hopkins University, and Speaker Richard H. Solomon, PRESIDER: Selig S. Harrison President, U.S. Institute of Peace, at the January 18, 2001, Meeting with MARCH 20, 2001 the former Assistant Secretaries of State for East Asian and Pacific MIDDLE EAST FORUM Affairs, “Asia and the United States: Conflict or Cooperation?” Zoran Djindjic Prime Minister, Republic of Serbia “A Conversation with Zoran Djindjic” PRESIDER: Lee H. Hamilton MARCH 21, 2001

50 Washington Program

Max M. Kampelman Of Counsel, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver and Jacobson; former Ambassador and Head of the U.S. Delegation, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Warren Zimmermann Former Ambassador and Chairman, U.S. Delegation to the Vienna Review, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe “Twenty-five Years After the Helsinki Act: Did It Make a Difference?” PRESIDER: Mark Palmer APRIL 11, 2001

Robert H. Bork The new Washington office conference room. Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Lee Casey Partner, Baker & Hostetler George A. Papandreou Theodor Meron Minister of Foreign Affairs, Greece Counselor on International Law, U.S. Department “Greece’s Foreign Policy: Objectives and Strategies” of State PRESIDER: Paula Stern Ruth Wedgwood MAY 22, 2001 Senior Fellow, International Organizations and Law, Council on Foreign Relations Wesley K. Clark “International Law: Myths and Realities” Managing Director, Merchant Banking, Stephens Group, PRESIDER: David B. Rivkin Jr. Inc.; Distinguished Senior Adviser, Center for Strategic APRIL 25, 2001 and International Studies; former Supreme Allied Commander Europe; General, U.S. Army (Ret.) Daniel L. Schorr “America’s Leadership and Emerging Crises in the Author, Staying Tuned: A Life in Journalism; Senior News World” Analyst, National Public Radio PRESIDER: Scott A. Cooper “A Conversation with Daniel L. Schorr” JUNE 4, 2001 PRESIDER: Marvin Kalb DAUGHTERS AND SONS EVENT MAY 15, 2001 AUTHOR’S SPOTLIGHT SERIES Stuart E. Eizenstat Special Representative for the President and Secretary of Chen Shui-bian State on Holocaust Issues; former Deputy Secretary, U.S. President, Republic of China Department of the Treasury “From Taipei to Washington: Looking Toward “Negotiating Holocaust Assets: A Study in the Future” Multilateral Diplomacy” PRESIDER: John J. Hamre PRESIDER: Sidney Harman MAY 16, 2001 JUNE 12, 2001

51 National Program

he National Program provides a forum for members to discuss international affairs and U.S. foreign policy and to contribute their expertise and knowledge to the Council’s research and publications. The key elements of the National Program Tare foreign policy dinner seminars featuring Council senior fellows and their work in ten key U.S. cities; videoconferencing, conference calls, and webcasts; and the annual National Conference in New York. National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice kicked off this year’s National Conference, June 7–9, with a major address on the Bush administration’s priorities and challenges, and participants discussed the bureaucratic and political obstacles to foreign policymaking with former govern- ment officials, members of Congress, business leaders, heads of nongovernmen- tal organizations, and journalists.

Program Highlights

Lawrence J. Korb Atlanta Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director Newt Gingrich of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Chief Executive Officer, Gingrich Group “Council Policy Initiative on Future Visions for Ernest J. Wilson III U.S. Defense Policy” Director, Center for International Development and Conflict CHAIR: Linda Parrish Brady Management, University of Maryland, College Park MARCH 27, 2001 Andrew Young COSPONSORED WITH THE SAM NUNN SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL Chairman, GoodWorks International, LLC AFFAIRS, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Dov S. Zakheim Chief Executive Officer, SPC International Corporation Jordan S. Kassalow Adjunct Senior Fellow, Global Health Policy, Council “Campaign 2000 Debate: What Are the Threats on Foreign Relations Facing the United States? Who—Bush or “Study Group on U.S. Foreign Policy and the Challenges Gore—Will Handle Them Better and Why?” of Improving the Health of Populations” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb CHAIR AND HOST: OCTOBER 25, 2000 Helene D. Gayle APRIL 24, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY

52 National Program

Speaker Newt Gingrich, Chief Executive Officer, Gingrich Group, Speaker Andrew Young, Chairman, GoodWorks International, LLC, Presider Leslie H. Gelb, and Speaker Ernest J. Wilson III, Director, Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland, College Park, at the October 25, 2000, Campaign 2000 Debate, “What Are the Threats Facing the United States? Who— Bush or Gore—Will Handle Them Better and Why?” (in Atlanta).

Stephen E. Flynn Boston Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Lawrence J. Korb Foreign Relations Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director “Study Group on Globalization and the Future of of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Border Control” “Council Policy Initiative on Future Visions for CHAIR: John E. Rielly U.S. Defense Policy” MARCH 21, 2001 CHAIR: John P. White DECEMBER 7, 2000 Michael Mandelbaum COSPONSORED WITH THE BELFER CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY “Study Group on a New World Order” CHAIR: John E. Rielly MAY 21, 2001

Chicago John Deutch ALL MEETINGS COSPONSORED WITH THE CHICAGO COUNCIL ON Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of FOREIGN RELATIONS Technology; former Director of Central Intelligence Roger M. Kubarych Stansfield Turner Henry Kaufman Senior Fellow in International Professor, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University Economics and Finance, Council on Foreign Relations of Maryland, College Park; former Director of Central Intelligence; Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.) “Project on Financial Vulnerabilities and Foreign William H. Webster Policy” Partner, Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy; former CHAIRS: Kenneth W. Dam, Michael H. Moskow, and Director of Central Intelligence John E. Rielly R. James Woolsey SEPTEMBER 26, 2000 Partner, Shea & Gardner; former Director of Central Intelligence Stephen J. Hadley Partner, Shea & Gardner “Videoconferenced Meeting: The CIA from Carter Jack Mendelsohn to Clinton: What’s Changed? What’s Next?” Vice President and Executive Director, Lawyers Alliance NEW YORK PRESIDER: Daniel L. Schorr for World Security CHICAGO PRESIDER AND HOST: Mitchel B. Wallerstein “Campaign 2000 Debate: Should the New Adminis- MAY 23, 2001 HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES tration Deploy a National Missile Defense?” PRESIDER: Henry S. Bienen OCTOBER 30, 2000

53 National Program

Edward L. Morse (New York) Executive Adviser, Hess Energy Trading Company, LLC; Chair, Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century, Council on Foreign Relations Amy Myers Jaffe (Houston) Senior Energy Adviser, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University; Project Director, Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century, Council on Foreign Relations “Videoconferenced Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century” Speaker Fred Thompson, Member, U.S. Senate (R-Tenn.), and Speaker DECEMBER 18, 2000 • JANUARY 10, 2001 • FEBRUARY 12, 2001 George J. Mitchell, Special Counsel, Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson COSPONSORED WITH THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY, RICE UNIVERSITY & Hand, at the June National Conference, "Washington Gridlock: Is It Possible to Shape and Sustain a Coherent Foreign Policy?" Miami ALL MEETINGS COSPONSORED WITH THE DANTE B. FASCELL NORTH- Dallas SOUTH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI ALL MEETINGS COSPONSORED WITH THE DALLAS COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Walter Russell Mead Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Codirector, M. Diana Helweg Newton Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Research Fellow, John Goodwin Tower Center for Council on Foreign Relations Political Studies, Southern Methodist University; Project William D. Rogers Director, Independent Economic Task Force on Japan, Senior Partner, Arnold & Porter; Co-Chair, Independent Council on Foreign Relations Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Council on “Independent Economic Task Force on Japan” Foreign Relations CHAIR: J.H. Cullum Clark “Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba” OCTOBER 3, 2000 CHAIR: Ambler H. Moss Jr. OCTOBER 19, 2000 Charles A. Kupchan 2000–2001 Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “W. Averell Harriman Study Group on Contending Visions of International Order” CHAIR: Rena M. Pederson • HOST: Jay M. Vogelson MAY 31, 2001

Houston Julia E. Sweig Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies, and Codirector, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Council on Foreign Relations “Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba” Speaker Gerald M. Levin, Chief Executive Officer, AOL Time Warner Inc., CHAIR: Edward P. Djerejian Speaker Ellen M. Hancock, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Exodus OCTOBER 16, 2000 Communications, and Speaker Donald B. Marron, Chairman, UBS America COSPONSORED WITH THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE and UBS PaineWebber Inc., at the June National Conference Plenary FOR PUBLIC POLICY, RICE UNIVERSITY Session, "Have CEOs Become America’s New Foreign Policymakers?"

54 National Program

Arthur C. Helton Senior Fellow for Refugee Studies and Preventive Action and Director, Peace and Conflict Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “Study Group on Refugee Policy” CHAIR: Ambler H. Moss Jr. DECEMBER 12, 2000

Kenneth R. Maxwell Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter- American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies; Project Director, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Brazil, Council on Foreign Relations “Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Brazil” Speaker Warren B. Rudman, Partner, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & CHAIR: Ambler H. Moss Jr. Garrison, Speaker Gary Hart, Of Counsel, Coudert Brothers, Speaker Frank APRIL 26, 2001 C. Carlucci, Chairman, Carlyle Group, Speaker Newt Gingrich, Chief Executive Officer, Gingrich Group, at the June National Conference Plenary Minneapolis Session, "The Executive Branch: Is It Broken? Can It Be Fixed?" Walter Russell Mead Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Codirector, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Walter Russell Mead Council on Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, Council on Foreign “Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba” Relations CHAIR: Kenneth H. Keller “Working Group on Development, Trade, and OCTOBER 12, 2000 International Finance” COSPONSORED WITH THE HUBERT H. HUMPHREY INSTITUTE OF CHAIR: PUBLIC AFFAIRS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Greyson L. Bryan SEPTEMBER 26, 2000 Los Angeles David G. Victor Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Science Judith Kipper and Technology, Council on Foreign Relations Director, Middle East Forum, Council on Foreign Relations “Study Group on Technology Policy and Global “Roundtable on Is Peace at Hand in the Warming” Middle East?” CHAIR: David B. Olsen CHAIR: Michael Christopher Parks DISCUSSANT: Robert J. Lempert AUGUST 28, 2000 JANUARY 10, 2001

James S. Gilmore III, Winston Lord, Elizabeth C. Economy, and John E. Rielly at the June National Conference Discussion Group on China.

55 National Program

Richard D. Baum Director, Center for Chinese Studies, and Professor of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles David M. Lampton George and Sadie Hyman Professor and Director, China Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Director, China Studies, Nixon Center J. Stapleton Roy Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc. Orville H. Schell Dean, Graduate School of Journalism, University of California, Berkeley “Roundtable on The Tiananmen Papers” PRESIDER: James F. Hoge Jr. FEBRUARY 8, 2001

Susan Kaufman Purcell Vice President, Americas Society/Council of the Americas; Member, Independent Task Force on U.S. Garrick Utley, F. Gregory Campbell, Michael P. Peters, and Randolph Policy Toward Cuba, Council on Foreign Relations Baxter at the June National Conference Town Hall Meeting. William D. Rogers Senior Partner, Arnold & Porter; Co-Chair, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Council on San Francisco Foreign Relations Julia E. Sweig Richard L. Garwin Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies, and Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow, Science and Technology, Codirector, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Council on Foreign Relations Toward Cuba, Council on Foreign Relations “Roundtable on National Missile Defense: Can It “Videoconferenced Meeting on U.S.-Cuban Work? Is It Needed?” Relations in the 21st Century: Findings and CHAIR: Amy Sands Recommendations of a Council-Sponsored OCTOBER 2, 2000 Independent Task Force” NEW YORK PRESIDER: Padma Desai Stuart E. Eizenstat Gladys and Roland Harriman Professor of Comparative LOS ANGELES PRESIDER AND HOST: Geoffrey Cowan Economic Systems and Director, Center for Transition FEBRUARY 26, 2001 Economies, Columbia University Celeste A. Wallander Richard L. Garwin Senior Fellow, Europe Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow, Science and Technology, Council on Foreign Relations “Videoconferenced Roundtable on Economic Policy “Roundtable on National Missile Defense: Can It and Security Issues: The Russian Conundrum” Work? Is It Needed?” NEW YORK CHAIR: Lawrence J. Korb CHAIR: Albert Carnesale SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: Jane M. Wales MAY 10, 2001 OCTOBER 18, 2000 David G. Victor Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology, Council on Foreign Relations “Study Group on Technology Policy and Global Warming” CHAIR: William K. Reilly NOVEMBER 6, 2000

56 National Program

Lawrence J. Korb Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “Council Policy Initiative on Future Visions for U.S. Defense Policy” CHAIR: Tyrus W. Cobb DECEMBER 11, 2000

Richard D. Baum Director, Center for Chinese Studies, and Professor of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles David M. Lampton George and Sadie Hyman Professor and Director of China Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Director, China Studies, Nixon Center J. Stapleton Roy Michael P. Peters and Irina A. Faskianos at the June National Conference, Managing Director, Kissinger Associates, Inc. "Washington Gridlock: Is It Possible to Shape and Sustain a Coherent Orville H. Schell Foreign Policy?" Dean, Graduate School of Journalism, University of California, Berkeley “Roundtable on The Tiananmen Papers” Arthur C. Helton PRESIDER: James F. Hoge Jr. Senior Fellow for Refugee Studies and Preventive Action FEBRUARY 8, 2001 and Director, Peace and Conflict Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Madeleine K. Albright (New York) “Study Group on Refugee Policy” Chairman, National Democratic Institute; former U.S. CHAIR: William P. Fuller Secretary of State NOVEMBER 28, 2000 Warren Christopher (San Francisco) Senior Partner, O’Melveny & Myers, LLP; former U.S. Rafael Pardo Secretary of State President, Fundación Milenio (Bogotá) Henry A. Kissinger (New York) Robin Kirk Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc.; former U.S. Researcher for Colombia, Human Rights Watch Secretary of State Michael Shifter George P. Shultz (San Francisco) Senior Fellow, Inter-American Dialogue; Project Director, Distinguished Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Colombia, University; former U.S. Secretary of State Council on Foreign Relations “Videoconferenced Conversation with the Former “Videoconferenced Meeting on the Colombia Task Secretaries of State” Force Report: A Symposium” NEW YORK PRESIDER: Walter S. Isaacson SAN FRANCISCO PRESIDER: Mathea Falco SAN FRANCISCO PRESIDER: Peter Tarnoff NEW YORK PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb APRIL 24, 2001 DECEMBER 7, 2000

Pacific Council on International Policy: Western Partner of the Council on Foreign Relations The Council on Foreign Relations continued to hold foreign policy dinner seminars featuring its Fellows and their work in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and San Diego with its western partner, the Pacific Council on International Policy. The Pacific Council offered additional meetings that were open to Council members.

57 National Program

Participants at the November 30, 2000, Videoconferenced Roundtable on Africa and the Processes of Globalization, “Gender, Politics, and Peace.”

Jordan S. Kassalow Adjunct Senior Fellow, Global Health Policy, Council Multiple Cities on Foreign Relations Roger M. Kubarych “Study Group on U.S. Foreign Policy and the Henry Kaufman Senior Fellow in International Challenges of Improving the Health of Economics and Finance, Council on Foreign Relations Populations” “Project on Financial Vulnerabilities and CHAIR: A. Lawrence Chickering Foreign Policy” MAY 24, 2001 DALLAS CHAIR AND HOST: Scott L. Miller JANUARY 24, 2001 HOUSTON CHAIR: Richard D. Quay Seattle JANUARY 24, 2001 Stephen E. Flynn LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Robert E. Denham JANUARY 25, 2001 Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: Judith K. Paulus JANUARY 26, 2001 “Study Group on Globalization and the Future of Border Control” Gwendolyn Mikell CHAIR: Raymond J. Waldmann Adjunct Senior Fellow, Africa Studies, Council on Foreign OCTOBER 24, 2000 Relations “Videoconferenced Roundtable on Africa and the Processes of Globalization” LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Edmond J. Keller LOS ANGELES HOST: Mark R. Steinberg OCTOBER 5, 2000 CHICAGO CHAIR AND HOST: Mitchel B. Wallerstein NOVEMBER 30, 2000 ATLANTA CHAIR AND HOST: Herschelle S. Challenor JANUARY 18, 2001

58 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships

Named Chairs and Fellowships Special Fellowships Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer Senior Fellow, Interna- Douglas Dillon Next Generation Fellow tional Economics Each year, one of the Council’s Next Generation Fellows will Charles G. Boyd, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in be named the Dillon Fellow, in honor of long-time Council National Security and European Affairs member and former Vice Chairman Douglas Dillon. Creat- Richard L. Garwin, Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow, Science ing the next generation of foreign policy experts, who and Technology understand how economics relates to every aspect of inter- James F. Hoge Jr., Peter G. Peterson Chair, Editor, Foreign national affairs today, is one of the Council’s top priorities. Affairs The Intelligence Fellowship Lawrence J. Korb, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, Vice Presi- This fellowship provides an opportunity for an outstand- dent and Director of Studies ing person from the U.S. intelligence community on the Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fel- cusp of a senior position to expand his or her knowledge low in International Economics and Finance of international relations through study, research and Charles A. Kupchan, Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow reflection, extensive participation in the Council’s pro- and Director, Europe Studies gram of meetings and study groups, and interaction with Robert A. Manning, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director, the Council’s diverse and knowledgeable members. Asia Studies Military Fellowships Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Each year, the chief of staff of each military service nominates Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin an outstanding candidate for the Military Fellowships. The America Studies fellowships enable officers to broaden their understanding Richard W. Murphy, Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for the of international affairs and U.S. foreign policy by spending a Middle East and Director, Middle East Studies year in residence at the Council. Fellows participate in Coun- Stephen R. Sestanovich, George F. Kennan Senior Fellow cil programs, including task forces, engage in research, and for Russian and Eurasian Studies arrange several politico-military trips for Council members. Calvin Sims, Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow Edward R. Murrow Fellowship Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics The Council offers a resident fellowship for a correspon- David G. Victor, Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and dent, editor, or producer involved with international Director, Science and Technology news. Named in honor of Edward R. Murrow and Michael M. Weinstein, BP Senior Fellow for International funded by the CBS Foundation, the fellowship offers a Economics nine-month period for sustained study and writing, free from the pressures that characterize journalistic life. Chairs Vacant as of August 31, 2001 Whitney H. Shepardson Fellowship Maurice R. Greenberg Chair in China Studies The Shepardson Fellowship is periodically awarded to per- Paul A. Volcker Chair in International Economics sons with experience and recognized professional stature in

59 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships public or academic affairs related to international relations. The Russell C. Leffingwell Lecture A Shepardson Fellow is expected to spend about a year The Leffingwell Lecture, inaugurated in 1969, was named affiliated with the Council, participating in Council pro- for a charter member of the Council who served as its grams while working on a book or other significant publi- president from 1944 to 1946 and as its chairman from 1946 cation on a major foreign policy issue. to 1953. This lecture is given by a distinguished foreign Department of State Fellowship official, who is invited to address Council members on a The Department of State Fellowship is offered to a For- topic of major international significance. The lectures are eign Service Officer chosen by a selection committee from made possible through the generosity of the Leffingwell candidates nominated by the U.S. Department of State. family and the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. With time away from the day-to-day press of diplomacy, The David A. Morse Lecture the State Department Fellow spends about a year affili- The David A. Morse Lecture was inaugurated in 1994 and ated with the Council, reflecting on issues of foreign pol- supports an annual meeting and dinner with a distin- icy and participating in Council programs. guished speaker. It honors the memory of David A. Morse, an active Council on Foreign Relations member for nearly 30 years, a lawyer, a public servant, and an Endowed and Specially Funded internationalist. Morse lecturers are invited to focus on Programs one of Morse’s many concerns, which included North- South relations, human rights, international organiza- The Council has several named programs that support tions and labor, conflict resolution, and relations with staff and activities—meetings, study groups, roundta- Asia. The lecture program is funded by gifts from Coun- bles—in the following areas: cil members and friends of the Morse family. Chase Manhattan Inter-American Forthcoming Issues The David Rockefeller Lecture Series The David Rockefeller Lecture was endowed by the Rock- Pieter A. Fisher Program, International Relations efeller Foundation in 1985 for an annual African lecturer Gulf Program, Middle East from either the governmental or nongovernmental sector. W. Averell Harriman Program, Europe Walter Hochschild Fund, International Economics The Elihu Root Lecture A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, International The Elihu Root Lecture was inaugurated in 1958 to honor Economics a founder of the Council on Foreign Relations who served Winston Lord Program, Asia as its honorary president from 1921 to 1937. The Council John J. McCloy Program, International Relations invites a distinguished American to reflect on his or her C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series, International professional experience and how it applies to contempo- Economics rary American foreign policymaking. James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Roundtable The Sorensen Distinguished Lecture Thomas J. Watson Meetings Program, International on the United Nations Relations The Sorensen Distinguished Lecture on the United Nations was established in 1996 by Theodore C. Sorensen to honor his wife, Gillian Martin Sorensen, and to com- Lectureships memorate her years of service to the United Nations. The The Jacob K. Javits Memorial Lecture Sorensen lecture is given by speakers intimately involved The Javits Lecture was inaugurated in 1999 in honor of with the workings and issues of the United Nations. Senator Javits, who was New York’s senator from 1957 to The John Train Lecture 1981 and a Council member. The series is supported by a The John Train Lecture and dinner was established in gift from the Jacob K. Javits Foundation. The Council 1997. Funded by Council member John Train, the series invites leading congressional thinkers on U.S. foreign pol- focuses on new issues in military affairs and the future of icy to deliver the Javits lecture. the U.S. military.

60 Corporate Program

he Corporate Program, the Council’s primary point of contact with the private sector, enlists the business community’s participation in and support of the Council’s activities. Corporate members include over 200 U.S. and non-U.S. Tfirms representing nearly all business sectors, including financial services, law, manufacturing, consulting, technology, and media. Each year, the program hosts over 70 events in New York and Washington, including the C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, the A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, and an annual conference, as well as interactive conference calls with senior fellows and other experts.

Program Highlights

K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Jeffrey D. Sachs President, Indonesia Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade and “Economic Recovery: The Key to Securing Director, Center for International Development, Indonesia’s Democracy” Harvard University PRESIDER: Maurice R. Greenberg “A New Approach for U.S. Foreign Assistance” SEPTEMBER 7, 2000 PRESIDER: James R. Silkenat COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY OCTOBER 12, 2000 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Hugo Chávez President, Venezuela Alan S. Blinder “Venezuela and Its New Economy” Economic Adviser to the Gore Campaign; Professor PRESIDER: William H. Luers of Economics, Princeton University SEPTEMBER 8, 2000 Lawrence B. Lindsey Chief Economic Adviser to Governor George W. Bush; Kent Kresa Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Board Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Policy Research Northrop Grumman Corporation “The United States and the Global Economy: Does It “The Future of International Cooperation in the Matter Who Wins in November?” Defense Industry” PRESIDER: Shelby Coffey III PRESIDER: John J. Hamre OCTOBER 13, 2000 OCTOBER 11, 2000 WASHINGTON, D.C. 61 Corporate Program

Speaker Mario Monti, Commissioner for Competition Policy, European Commission, Presider Richard N. Gardner, and Michael W. Hodin at the April 18, 2001, A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, “Globalization of Antitrust Policy.”

Melanie A. Kenderdine Robert B. Reich Director of Policy, U.S. Department of Energy Former U.S. Secretary of Labor Adam E. Sieminski Jagdish N. Bhagwati Director and Global Oil Strategist, Deutsche Bank André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics, Matthew R. Simmons Council on Foreign Relations President, Simmons & Company “Trade Policy: The Lessons of Seattle” “The New Middle East Crisis: How Does It Affect PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb Oil Prices and Energy Policy?” OCTOBER 19, 2000 A.T. KEARNEY EXECUTIVE ROUNDTABLE SERIES PRESIDER: Edward L. Morse OCTOBER 18, 2000

Speaker Robert B. Reich, former U.S. Secretary of Labor, Presider Leslie H. Gelb, and Speaker Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics, Council on Foreign Relations, at the October 19, 2000, A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, “Trade Policy: The Lessons of Seattle.”

62 Corporate Program

Lee Kuan Yew Senior Minister, Singapore “Crossroads for East Asia” PRESIDER: Henry A. Kissinger OCTOBER 19, 2000

Kumar Mahadeva Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Cognizant Technology Solutions “The Impact of India’s High-Tech Sector on the Global Economy” MODERATOR: Roger M. Kubarych OCTOBER 31, 2000 CONFERENCE CALL

Rolf-Ernst Breuer Spokesman, Board of Managing Directors, Deutsche Bank Group “Europe: Which Path to Follow?” PRESIDER: William J. McDonough NOVEMBER 3, 2000

Charlene Barshefsky U.S. Trade Representative “U.S. Trade Policy: A Look Back, A Look Ahead” PRESIDER: Michael B.G. Froman NOVEMBER 29, 2000

Janet Reno Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice Robert Byrne and David Kellogg at the May 2, 2001, Meeting, “Global Partners: International Cooperation “A Dialogue on European Monetary Integration with the President of Against Crime” the Bundesbank.” PRESIDER: Dick Thornburgh JANUARY 9, 2001 WASHINGTON, D.C. Jeffrey E. Garten Celeste A. Wallander Dean, Yale School of Management Senior Fellow, Europe Studies, Council on Foreign Henry M. Paulson Relations Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Goldman Sachs “Russia Update” “Today’s Global CEOs in the World Economy: What JANUARY 10, 2001 Responsibilities Do They Bear? CONFERENCE CALL PRESIDER: Thomas L. Friedman FEBRUARY 13, 2001 Rudi Dornbusch Ford Professor of Economics and International Susan Kaufman Purcell Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Vice President, Americas Society/Council of the “Where Is the Upside for Latin America? The Next Americas; Member, Independent Task Force on U.S. Investment Opportunities” Policy Toward Cuba, Council on Foreign Relations PRESIDER: Arturo C. Porzecanski William D. Rogers JANUARY 16, 2001 Senior Partner, Arnold & Porter; Co-Chair, Independent C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, Council on ECONOMICS Foreign Relations

63 Corporate Program

Paul A. Volcker Former Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System “Time for Real Reform of the Financial System” PRESIDER: Michael M. Weinstein APRIL 5, 2001 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

John P. Lipsky Chief Economist and Managing Director, J.P. Morgan Chase Corporation David R. Malpass Chief International Economist, Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc Stephen Roach Chief Economist and Director of Global Economics, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter “World Economic Update” PRESIDER: Daniel K. Tarullo APRIL 12, 2001

Joel Klein Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bertelsmann Inc.; Speaker Paul A. Volcker, former Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal former Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, Reserve System, and Henry H. Arnhold at the April 5, 2001, C. Peter U.S. Department of Justice McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, “Time for Mario Monti Real Reform of the Financial System.” Commissioner for Competition Policy, European Commission “Globalization of Antitrust Policy” Julia E. Sweig PRESIDER: Richard N. Gardner Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies, and APRIL 18, 2001 Codirector, Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy A.T. KEARNEY EXECUTIVE ROUNDTABLE SERIES Toward Cuba, Council on Foreign Relations “Videoconferenced Meeting on U.S.-Cuban Relations Kazuo Ueda in the 21st Century: Findings and Member, Policy Board, Bank of Japan Recommendations of a Council-Sponsored “Japan’s Economic Outlook and the Bank of Japan’s Independent Task Force” Monetary Policy” NEW YORK PRESIDER: Stuart E. Eizenstat PRESIDER: Paul A. Volcker LOS ANGELES PRESIDER: Geoffrey Cowan MAY 11, 2001 FEBRUARY 26, 2001 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Shimon Peres Foreign Minister, Israel “The Future of Peace Negotiations” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb MARCH 14, 2001

64 Corporate Program

Corporate Members

Corporate Benefactors Access Industries Inc. Cisneros Group of Companies ABC, Inc. Alleghany Corporation Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton AEA Investors Inc. Allen & Company Incorporated The CNA Corporation American Express Company Allen & Overy The Coca-Cola Company American International Group, Inc. Alliance Capital Management Cognizant Technology Solutions American Securities, L.P. Corporation Corporation AOL Time Warner Inc. Amerada Hess Corporation Concord International Investments Archer Daniels Midland Company American Century Investments, Inc. The Consulate General of Japan AT&T American Council on Germany Covington & Burling A.T. Kearney, Inc. American Standard Companies Inc. Craig Drill Capital Banco Mercantil C.A., S.A.C.A. AMR Corporation Credit Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc. Banco Santander Central Hispano ARAMARK Corporation Credit Suisse First Boston Barclays Capital Archipelago Holdings LLC Corporation BP Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc. Cross Border Enterprises, LLC Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Arnold & Porter Davis Polk & Wardwell Citigroup Arrow Electronics, Inc. Debevoise & Plimpton Corning Incorporated BAE Systems Deere & Company Deutsche Bank AG The Baldwin-Gottschalk Group Deloitte & Touche LLP ExxonMobil Corporation Banca di Roma Dendrite International, Inc. Fischer Francis Trees & Watts Banca d’Italia Directorship J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Bank Audi (USA) Dresdner Bank AG Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Bank of America e-STEEL Lockheed Martin Corporation The Bank of New York Ehrenkranz & Ehrenkranz LLP Loral Space & Communications Barst & Mukamal Eni SpA McKinsey & Company, Inc. BDO Siedman, LLP Enron Corporation Metropolitan Life Insurance Berlitz International Ernst & Young, LLP Company The Blackstone Group Estee Lauder Companies Morgan Stanley & Co. Bloomberg Financial Markets Everest Capital, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. BNP Paribas Fairfax Inc. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP The Boeing Company Fedders Corporation Sandalwood Securities, Inc. Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Fiat USA, Inc. Shell Oil Company Boston Properties FleetBoston Financial Standard Chartered Bank Bramwell Capital Management, Inc. Ford Motor Company Tyco International Ltd. British-American Chamber French-American Chamber UBS PaineWebber, Inc. of Commerce of Commerce Verizon Communications Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Furman Selz Capital Violy, Byorum & Partners, LLC Caxton Corporation Management LLC Wyoming Investment Corporation CDC IXIS North America, Inc. Galt Industries Xerox Corporation Centurion Investment Group, LP Gavin Anderson & Company The Charles Schwab Corporation General Atlantic Partners, LLC ••• Chevron Corporation General Electric Company CIBC World Markets Corp. Gibbons, Goodwin, van Amerongen

65 Corporate Program

GlaxoSmithKline Merck & Co., Inc. Southern California Edison Goldman, Sachs & Co. Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Company Grey Global Group Inc. Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy Standard & Poor’s Guardsmark, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Company State Street Bank and Trust Hitachi Ltd. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP Company H.J. Heinz Company Multilateral Funding International Sullivan & Cromwell IBM Corporation New York Life International, Inc. Texaco, Inc. Ingersoll-Rand Company Newsweek Tiedemann Investment Group Instinet Corporation Nippon Steel U.S.A., Inc. Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Institute of International Bankers Nomura Research Institute America Transclick, Inc. Intellispace Occidental Petroleum Corporation TRW, Inc. Intracom S.A. The Olayan Group Turkish Industrialists’ and J. & W. Seligman & Co., Inc. Oxford Analytica Inc. Businessmen’s Association Japan Bank for International Patricof & Co. Ventures, Inc. UBS Warburg Cooperation PepsiCo, Inc. United Technologies JETRO New York Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation Veronis, Suhler & Associates, Inc. John A. Levin & Co., Inc. The Prudential Insurance Company Vivendi Universal S.A. Johnson & Johnson of America Warburg and Pincus Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue Rothschild North America, Inc. Watson Wyatt & Company KPMG LLP The Royce Funds Weber Shandwick Worldwide Lazard Frères & Co. LLC RWS Energy Services, Inc. Weil, Gotshal & Manges Lehman Brothers Salomon Smith Barney Inc. White & Case M&A Group Schlumberger Limited The William H. Donner Mark Partners SG Cowen Securities Corporation Foundation, Inc. Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. Shearman & Sterling W.P. Stewart & Co., Inc. Marubeni America Corporation Sidley Austin Brown & Wood, LLP Young & Rubicam Inc. Marvin & Palmer Associates, Inc. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett Zephyr Management, LP Mayer, Brown & Platt Sony Corporation of America Zurich Scudder Investments MBIA Insurance Corporation Soros Fund Management

Speaker James D. Wolfensohn, President, World Bank, and Jacqui Selbst Schein at the June 14, 2001, Elihu Root Lecture, "Integrating Africa into the World Economy: The Challenges Ahead."

66 Communications

The Communications Department’s main priority is to in the news, primarily through articles and op-eds they connect members and media with the Council’s staff and author in magazines and newspapers around the world. programs. The Council began an initiative this year to As part of the Council’s efforts to reach beyond its own expand outreach to the media by holding press briefings in walls to the interested public, this year the Council spon- advance of major international events, like the Summit of sored over 60 on-the-record events, including panel dis- the Americas and the biannual meeting of NATO foreign cussions, press briefings, addresses by world leaders, ministers. The Council has also teamed with the Pew videoconferences, and study groups. These events and Research Center for the People & the Press to jointly release Council-sponsored publications were all covered by major polls throughout the year on key foreign policy issues. news outlets, including network and cable television, The high-quality expertise of Council fellows has made radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet. the Council on Foreign Relations the first stop for journalists The Communications Department also produces the seeking expert opinion and in-depth analysis on interna- members’ monthly newsletter, Calendar & Chronicle, and tional issues. Council fellows and their work are ubiquitous has redesigned and updated all Council websites.

67 Publications

Much of the Council’s value lies in the discussions ema- Council on Foreign Relations Books nating from its study groups, roundtables, and other • The Asian Energy Factor: Myths and Dilemmas of forums. The Publications Department—with books, task Energy, Security, and the Pacific Future, by Robert A. force reports, Council Policy Initiatives, papers, and Manning. St. Martin’s Press (2000). reports—delivers these ideas to a larger audience, helping • The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to to inform and transform the policy debate. The Price of Slow Global Warming, by David G. Victor. Princeton Dominance, Jan Lodal’s provocative and important book University Press (2001). published in January 2001, identified what changes must • Japan’s Reluctant Realism: Foreign Policy Challenges in be made in U.S. strategic defense policy to ameliorate an Era of Uncertain Power, by Michael J. Green. St. international opposition to American-led efforts against Martin’s Press (2001). weapons of mass destruction. The Council’s task force • The Price of Dominance: The New Weapons of Mass reports on Cuba, State Department reform, and energy Destruction and Their Challenge to American Leader- offered the new administration viable solutions to real- ship, by Jan Lodal. Council on Foreign Relations world problems and reflected the meaningful consensus Press (2001). and policy recommendations reached by the task forces • Russian Nationalism Since 1856, by Astrid S. Tuminez. through nonpartisan debate. Because foreign policy dis- Rowman & Littlefield (2000). cussions too often ignore the key dimension of culture, the Council publishes the semiannual journal Correspondence: Council Policy Initiatives (CPIs) An International Review of Culture and Society. The full text • Future Visions for U.S. Defense Policy: Four Alternatives of the current and past issues is available on the Council’s Presented as Presidential Speeches. John Hillen and website (www.cfr.org). Lawrence J. Korb, Project Directors (revised, 2000). • Humanitarian Intervention: Crafting a Workable Doc- trine. Alton Frye, Project Director (2000).

68 Publications

Independent Task Force Reports • The United States and Southeast Asia: A Policy Agenda • Future Directions for U.S. Economic Policy Toward for the New Administration. J. Robert Kerrey, Chair; Japan. Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Chair; M. Diana H. Robert A. Manning, Project Director (2001). Newton, Project Director (2000). • U.S.-Cuban Relations in the 21st Century, A Follow-on • A Letter to the President and a Memorandum on U.S. Report. Bernard W. Aronson and William D. Rogers, Policy Toward Brazil. Stephen Robert, Chair; Kenneth Co-chairs; Julia E. Sweig and Walter Russell Mead, R. Maxwell, Project Director (2001). Project Directors (2001). • State Department Reform. Frank C. Carlucci, Chair; Ian J. Brzezinski, Project Coordinator. Cosponsored with the Council Papers Center for Strategic and International Studies (2001). • A New Beginning: Recasting the U.S.-Japan Economic • Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century. Relationship, by Bruce Stokes, Project Director (2000). Edward L. Morse, Chair; Amy Myers Jaffe, Project • Twelve Papers on the Project on Development, Trade, and Director. Cosponsored with the James A. Baker III International Finance, edited by Walter Russell Mead, Institute for Public Policy, Rice University (2001). Project Director (2000). • Toward Greater Peace and Security in Colombia. Bob • Why Health Is Important to U.S. Foreign Policy, by Jor- Graham and Brent Scowcroft, Co-chairs; Michael dan S. Kassalow. Copublished with Milbank Memor- Shifter, Project Director (2000). Cosponsored with ial Fund (2001). the Inter-American Dialogue.

All Council on Foreign Relations books, CPIs, and independent task force reports are marketed and distributed by the Brookings Institution Press. To order, please call 1-800-275-1447. These and other Council publications are also available on the Council’s website at www.cfr.org.

69 Development

he Council is deeply grateful to all donors and volunteers whose support made possible many of its activities. Generous gifts and grants from indi- viduals, foundations, and corporations contributed to the financial Tstrength of the institution and enabled it to expand its key programs and launch new initiatives. New and ongoing support provided financial back- ing to numerous projects conducted by the Council’s Studies Department, as well as its Meetings, National, and Membership programs. In addition, a number of noncash goods and services from members and friends provided important assistance. Special thanks go to the volunteers who helped the Council immeasurably in reaching our fundraising goals.

The Annual Fund

Annual Giving—the Council’s Independence Fund—this year rose to its highest level ever at $2,826,350, from 1,661 donors, or about 44 percent of the membership. Sixty-three members increased their gifts through corporate or foundation matching gift programs. Major contributions from the Council’s Harold Pratt Associates (HPAs), who give $10,000 or more annually, and Chairman’s Circle members of the HPAs, who contribute $25,000 or more annually, account for 68 percent of the annual fund total. HPA fundraising efforts were assisted by volun- teers from the Council’s Board of Directors and Corporate Affairs and Development Committee. Term member giving was also on the rise this year, with 39 percent of term members participating. Rebecca K.C. Hersman and R. Keith Walton wrote letters to their term member colleagues, with follow-up help by a team of volunteers. Donors to the Annual Fund are Douglas Dillon and David Rockefeller at the May 9, 2001, Dinner to listed on pages 73–79. Commemorate the Naming of the Douglas Dillon Room.

70 Development •^ Term Grants, Endowment, Restricted, and Special Gifts

The Geoeconomics Center Studies Projects The purpose of the Geoeconomics Center is to create the next gen­ Anonymous (2) eration of foreign policy experts able to link economics and foreign Allen R. Adler policy, national security, and other subjects (science and technol­ Stanley Arkin ogy, environment, refugees, etc.). The center was established with Henry H. Arnhold two major endowment gifts from the following donors: The Boeing Company Cargill, Inc. David Rockefeller Carnegie Corporation of New York The Starr Foundation The Century Foundation In addition, a number of grants support the work of individ­ Ronnie C. Chan ual fellows in the center: Robert J. Chaves Kimball Chen BP International Ltd. Congressional Economic Leadership Institute The Patrick A. Gerschel Foundation The Ford Foundation Henry & Elaine Kaufman Foundation Victor K. Fung The Washington SyCip Family Foundation General Service Foundation German Marshall Fund of the United States Center for Preventive Action (CPA) Joachim Gfoeller Jr. The Howard Gilman Foundation The CPA seeks concrete, hardheaded incentives to head off The Glickenhaus Foundation civil/ethnic crises before they explode into violence. It benefited John H. Gutfreund from grants by: J. Tomilson Hill The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Frank W. Hoch The Nathan Cummings Foundation Instinet Corporation United States Institute of Peace International Securities Market Association Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Next Generation Fellows Program Joselow Foundation Ronald S. Lauder Designed to find and nurture the next generation of foreign pol­ Lockheed Martin Corporation icy leaders and thinkers, this program brings outstanding Richard Lounsbery Foundation younger scholars onto the Council staff to undertake frontier The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation policy research. Robert Moody McKinney Carnegie Corporation of New York McKinsey & Company, Inc. Milbank Memorial Fund The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Winthrop R. Munyan John M. Olin Foundation Northrop Grumman Corporation Open Society Institute Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Program Procter & Gamble The program, now entering its fourth year, engages key congres­ The Rockefeller Foundation sional staff members in study and dialogue on international issues Robert Rosenkranz to help build professionalism among them. The Rothschild Inc. Foundation Smith Richardson Foundation American Express Foundation The Starr Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York Maurice Tempelsman The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation The Tinker Foundation W. Alton Jones Foundation C.C. Tung The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation United States Institute of Peace The Pew Charitable Trusts Woodcock P. Foundation The Starr Foundation Xerox Foundation »\\ 71 Development

U.S./Middle East Project Correspondence: An International Review Fouad M.T. Alghanim of Culture and Society BP Amoco p.l.c. The J. Paul Getty Trust Lester Crown and the Arie and Ida Crown Memorial Sasakawa Peace Foundation ENI SpA Suntory Foundation European Commission Ahmed A. Ezz Endowed Programs and Chairs Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. The Dillon Fund Ibrahim Kamel Ellen V. Futter Hamza Al-Kholi Estate of John B. Hurford Nemir A. Kirdar Estate of Henrietta E.S. Lockwood on behalf of Robert K. Lifton John E. Lockwood Yosef A. Maiman Lawrence C. McQuade Fouad Makhzoumi and the Future Millennium Foundation Quigg Newton Musallam Ali Musallam Thomas L. Pulling Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Edward L. Pulling Pepsi-Cola International David Rockefeller Louis Perlmutter William W. Scranton Robert L. Rosen Simpson Thacher & Bartlett Mohammed Jassem Al-Sager The Starr Foundation Vivendi Universal S.A. The Honorable and Mrs. Cyrus R. Vance

Task Forces Other Special Gifts Khalid Ali Alturki William A.M. Burden Charitable Lead Trust The Korea Foundation Center of International Studies, Princeton University Arthur Ross Foundation Dublin Fund Shell International, Ltd. Nicholas Eberstadt State of Qatar The Freedom Forum Joachim Gfoeller Jr. National Program Harris and Eliza Kempner Fund Mimi and Peter Haas Peter G. Peterson (New York Community Trust) Ploughshares Fund Term & Younger Members Programs Anna-Maria & Stephen Kellen Foundation Gifts-in-Kind The Council is grateful to the members and friends who New York and Washington Meetings Programs provided noncash goods and services: Chinese National Association of Industry and Commerce Robert C. Waggoner for Burrelle's Clipping Service Home Box Office Louis V. Gerstner Jr. and IBM Corporation for a Lotus Notes Manchester Trade, Ltd. upgrade Kenneth A. Moskow Richard N. Foster and McKinsey & Co., Inc., for a review of Northcote Parkinson Fund flohn Train) the Corporate Program David B. Rivkin Jr. Pranay Gupte and the Earth Times Foundation for Theodore C. Sorensen production of the Council's monthly newsletter, the United Parcel Service Calendar & Chronicle Leila Anne Conners Petersen and Tree Media Group for International Affairs Fellowships assistance with the Foreign Affairs and Council websites Helena Franklin Hitachi, Ltd.

72 Development

Annual Giving Donors

Chairman's Elizabeth Frawley Robert J. Hurst Stephen Claar Swid Teresa Heinz Circle Bagley Yves-Andre Istel Stephen J. Treadway Frank W. Hoch Laurence M. Band Morton L. Janklow Enzo Viscusi Robert D. Hormats ($25,000+) Alan R. Batkin Alan Kent Jones Paul A. Volcker Karen N. Horn Robert John Abernethy Austin M. Beutner Gilbert E. Kaplan Robert C. Waggoner Charles Robert Kaye Stanley S. Arkin Jeffrey Bewkes Farooq Kathwari John L. Weinberg Peter Bicknell Kellner Roone Arledge John P. Birkelund Henry Kaufman Stanley A. Weiss Bette Bao Lord Patrick M. Byrne Edward Bleier Stephen M. Kellen Elizabeth G. Winston Lord Jeffrey Epstein Michael R. Bloomberg Andrew B. Kim Weymouth Edward J. Mathias Bart Friedman Denis A. Bovin James V. Kimsey Anita Volz Wien Marc B. Nathanson Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Christopher W. Brody Ronald S. Lauder Robert G. Wilmers Jan Nicholson Maurice R. Greenberg James E. Burke Chong-Moon Lee James D. Wolfensohn Michael S. Ovitz The Marc Haas Robert Carswell John A. Levin I. Peter Wolff Karen Parker Feld Foundation Frank J. Caufield Michael Stuart Levin Ward W. Woods Louis Perlmutter James W. Harpel Anne Cox Chambers Sherman R. Lewis Jr. Guy Patrick Robert Price Ray R. Irani Robert J. Chaves Kenneth Lipper Wyser-Pratte Thomas L. Pulling Robert Wood Patricia M. Cloherty Vincent A. Mai George H. Young III Albert V Ravenholt Johnson Jr. Howard E. Cox Jr. Donald B. Marron Michel Zaleski William R. Rhodes Charitable Trust Lester Crown John Merow Ezra K. Zilkha Nicholas Rockefeller Henry R. Kravis W. Bowman Cutter Ken Miller Mortimer B. Felix G. Rohatyn Leonard A. Lauder Jack David Rupert Murdoch Zuckerman Henry B. Schacht Gerald M. Levin Kim Gordon Davis Open Society Institute Douglas E. Schoen Raymond Donald The Dillon Fund The Overbrook Walter P. Stern Patrons Nasher James Dimon Foundation Lee B. Thomas Jr. Peter G. Peterson William H. Donaldson Alan Joel Patricof ($5,000-$9,999) William D. Zabel Charles William James D. Zirin Lester Pollack Lionel I. Pincus Anonymous David Rockefeller Duncan Jr. Stephen Robert Wilder K. Abbott E. John Rosenwald Jr. Alexander T Ercklentz John J. Roberts Wood row Ahn Sponsors Nina Rosenwald Lynn Forester James D. Robinson III M. Bernard Aidinoff James J. Shinn Richard N. Foster Theodore Roosevelt IV David Altshuler ($l,000-$4,999) James Baker Sitrick Stephen Friedman Daniel Rose Kenneth J. Bialkin Anonymous (2) The Starr Foundation Richard S. Fuld Jr. Robert Rosenkranz Nicholas Burns A. Robert Abboud Malcolm H. Wiener Bruce S. Gelb Arthur Ross Binkley Robert F. Agostinelli Richard L. Gelb Robert E. Rubin Frank C. Carlucci M. Michael Ansour Louis V. Gerstner Jr. John T Ryan III Marshall Nichols C. Michael Armstrong Harold Pratt The Gordon Fund Richard E. Salomon Associates Carter John E. Avery Peter M. Gottsegen Frank Savage Henry Cornell Thomas Corcoran Barry ($10,000-$24,999) Evan G. Greenberg Michael Peter Schulhof Kenneth W. Dam Richard I. Beattie Anonymous Martin J. Gross Walter V Shipley Kenneth M. Gregory R. Bedrosian Odeh F. Aburdene Mimi L. Haas Peter J. Solomon Duberstein William S. Beinecke Allen R. Adler Peter E. Haas Maurice Sonnenberg Peggy Dulany Robert A. Belfer Paul A. Allaire Sidney Harman Paul Soros Robert F. Erburu Susan Vail Berresford Altaian / Kazickas John G. Heimann Jerry I. Speyer Theodore J. Forstmann Peter J. Beshar Foundation J. Tomilson Hill Kenneth I. Starr Stephen C. Freidheim Simon Michael Bessie Terry Lynn Andreas Carla A. Hills David F. Stein Peter Andrew James Henry Binger Henry H. Arnhold Estate of John B. Deborah F. and Georgescu Shirley Temple Black Mario L. Baeza Hurford Ned B. Stiles Theresa A. Havell Donald Blinken

73 Development

Julia Chang Bloch Thomas R. Donahue John B. Hess Richard Mallery Howard G. Paster Richard C. Blum Diana Lady Dougan Richard C. Holbrooke David I. Margolis Ernest T Patrikis W. Michael William H. Draper III James R. Houghton Tom F. Marsh Judith K. Paulus Blumenthal Joseph D. Duffey Roy M. Huffington Kati I. Marton Joseph R. Perella John F. Bookout John C. Duncan Timothy A. Hultquist Carlton A. Masters Rudolph A. Peterson Kenneth D. Brody Patrick Andrew Patricia Skinner Brian Pierre Mathis John J. Phelan Jr. Tom Brokaw Dunigan Huntington Jay Mazur David L. Phillips Harold Brown William D. Eberle Philip M. Huyck Patrick F. McCartan Harvey Picker John E. Bryson Jessica P. Einhorn Allen I. Hyman Sean Daniel McDevitt Charles M. Pigott Elizabeth Cabot Robert J. Einhorn John E. Jacob William J. McDonough Nicholas Piatt Philip Caldwell Robert F. Ellsworth Jerome Jacobson Patricia Ann McFate Calvin H. Plimpton Juan Carlos Cappello L. Brooks Entwistle Merit E. Janow Cappy R. McGarr Anne B. Popkin Elliot R. Cattarulla Jonathan Foster Fanton Nancy A. Jarvis Donald F. McHenry Charles O. Prince III Henry E. Catto Martin S. Feldstein Robert D. Joffe Thomas F. McLarty III Allen E. Puckett Joyce Chang James L. Ferguson James A. Johnson Robert S. McNamara Leonard V. Quigley Jonathan A. Chanis Geraldine A. Ferraro Wyatt Thomas Dana G. Mead Alan H. Rappaport Kenneth I. Chenault Antonio Luis Ferre Johnson Roberto G. Mendoza Dan Rather Richard B. Cheney Hart Fessenden Thomas V. Jones Zoltan Merszei Richard Ravitch Warren Christopher Eugene V. Fife Thomas W. Jones Ricardo A. Mestres Jr. William Michael Charles E. Cobb Jr. Peter Flaherty Peter Martin Joost Ruben F. Mettler Reisman Betsy Cohen Harry L. Freeman Vernon E. Jordan Jr. Edward C. Meyer Milbrey Rennie Jerome Alan Cohen Richard A. Freytag Virginia Ann Kamsky J. Irwin Miller Donald S. Rice Jonathan E. Colby Michel P. Fribourg Helene L. Kaplan George J. Mitchell Joseph A. Rice Johrmetta B. Cole David Fromkin Kenneth H. Keller Parker G. Montgomery Imran Riffat Isobel Coleman Richard M. Furlaud Arthur L. Kelly John J. Moore Jr. Robert S. Rifkind Kathleen B. Cooper James R. Gaines Henry A. Kissinger Richard M. Moose Michael L. Riordan George Crile III Paul R. S. Gebhard Roger C. Kline Edward L. Morse Nayla M. Rizk Theodore Cross Leslie H. Gelb Lawrence J. Korb David H. Mortimer Charles S. Robb Barbara Crossette James Henry Giffen C. Douglas Michael H. Moskow Joseph E. Robert Jr. Lee Cullum Peter Gleysteen Winthrop R. Munyan Kranwinkle John D. Rockefeller IV Walter J.R Curley Jr. Frank A. Godchaux III Ewell E. Murphy Jr. Thomas F. Kranz John H. Roney Brian D. Dailey William T Golden Thomas S. Murphy Jay L. Kriegel Elihu Rose Marcia Wachs Dam Harrison J. Goldin Raffiq A. Nathoo Robert W Lane Robert L. Rosen Ralph Parsons Jeffrey A. Goldstein Nancy S. Newcomb James T Laney A. M. Rosenthal Roy M. Goodman Priscilla A. Newman Davidson John D. Langlois Robert S. Ross Katharine Graham Quigg Newton Peter M. Dawkins Philip C. Lauinger Jr. Charles O Rossotti Bill Green Edward N. Ney Robert A. Day David A. Laventhol Warren B. Rudman Nancy Stephenson Drew Saunders Janet Mullins Grissom William L. Lee Arthur F. Ryan Days III John H. Gutfreund Neil D. Levin Nichols Barry A. Sanders George de Menil John H. J. Guth Susan B. Levine Rodney W. Nichols Diane Sawyer Lois Pattison de Menil Joseph A. Hafner Jr. Glen S. Lewy A. Kenneth Nilsson Thomas Schick Eli Whitney C. Barrows Hall John H. Lichtblau Sam Nunn Arthur Schneier Stephen A. Debevoise II Claus M. Halle Nancy A. Lieberman Philip A. Odeen Barbara Knowles Debs Edward K. Hamilton Troland S. Link Morris W. Offit Schwa rzman Richard A. Debs James A. Harmon John P. Lipsky Lyndon L. Olson Jr. Susan Louise Segal Robert E. Denham William B. Harrison Jr. Jan M. Lodal James W. Owens Herbert M. Shayne Kenneth T Derr Alexandre P. Hayek William Lucy Stephen Alan Oxman Lisa Shields Padma Desai Melvin L. Heineman James T. Lynn Carter W. Page George P. Shultz John Deutch F. Warren Hellman Gary E. MacDougal Stewart J. Paperin Ron Silver Robert C. Dinerstein John M. Hennessy Margaret E. Mahoney Richard D. Parsons Adele Simmons

74 Development

David R. Slade Jasper A. Welch Jr. Charles William Fredrica S. Friedman Geraldine S. Jean Kennedy Smith Anne Wexler Carson Jr. Stephen J. Friedman Kunstadter Richard E. Snyder Timothy J. White David C. Chang Pamela B. Gann Edward Ladd Dorothy Meadow John C. Whitehead Juju Chang Richard N. Gardner Brett B. Lambert Sobol Marina V.N. Whitman Victor Tzu-Ping Chao David Ginsburg Paul A. Laudicina H. Marshall Frederick B. Daniel S. Cheever Charles N. Goldman Ned C. Lautenbach Sonenshine Whittemore Paula H.J. Victor Gotbaum Mildred Robbins Leet Gillian Martin Robert E. Wilhelm Cholmondeley Henry Franklin Graff LaSalle D. Leffall III Sorensen William J. Williams Jr. Jack G. Clarke Stephen A. Grant John F. Lehman Theodore C. Sorensen Don M. Wilson III Donald K. Clifford Jr. R. Scott Greathead Richard C. Leone Michael I. Sovern Herbert S. Winokur Jr. Edward T. Cloonan Donald P. Gregg John W. Leslie Jr. Scott M. Spangler Milton A. Wolf Tyrus W. Cobb Henry A. Grunwald Mel Levine Joan E. Spero Jacob Worenklein Elizabeth L. Colagiuri Andrew S. Gundlach Timothy Light Frank Stanton William H. Wright II Lewis W. Coleman John P. Hall David F. Linowes Elliot Stein Andrew Young Philip E. Comstock Jr. Kathryn Walt Hall Monica C. Lozano Joshua L. Steiner Nancy Young Leila Anne Conners Ellen Hancock Wendy W. Luers David J. Stern Robert B. Zoellick Petersen Scott M. Hand Bruce K. MacLaury Jeffrey Stern Jill M. Considine Deborah A. Harding John Dewitt Anne Stetson Robert S. Hatfield Donors William H. Courtney Macomber Gordon C. Stewart Peter F. Cowhey Frederick Heldring Robert M. Macy Jr. Howard Stringer ($500-$999) William J. Crowe Richard Helms Michael Mandelbaum Arthur C. Helton Gina E. Sullivan Labeeb M. Abboud Daniel Lester Cruise Murrey Marder Irvin Hicks Brandon W. Sweitzer Fouad Ajami D. Ronald Daniel Andrew W. Marshall Robert F. Higgins Paul Tagliabue Joseph A. Anderson Russell J. DaSilva Leo S. Martinuzzi Jr. James F. Hoge Jr. Harold Tanner Paul F. Anderson James V. Derrick Jr. William B. Matteson Dwight F. Frank J. Tasco Michael H. Armacost Rohit M. Desai Michael M. May Maurice Tempelsman H. Furlong Baldwin Robert P. DeVecchi Holloway Jr. Claudette Mayer Anthony P. Terracciano Carter F. Bales C. Maury Devine Richard C. Hottelet Paul W. McCracken G. Richard Thoman William G. Bardel Robert L. Glenn H. Hutchins Alonzo L. McDonald Maynard J. Toll Jr. Robert L. Bartley Dilenschneider Alberto Ibarguen Walter Russell Mead Audrey Ronning Nicholas F. Beim Robert R. Douglass Karl F. Inderfurth Sharon I. Meers Topping Judith H. Bello Richard A. Drucker Bobby R. Inman Eric D. K. Melby Seymour Topping Marilyn Berger James H. Duffy Maxine Isaacs John R. Menke Russell E. Train C. Fred Bergsten Patrick J. Durkin L. Oakley Johnson John A. Millington Edward Hallam Tuck Bruce D. Berkowitz Inger McCabe Elliott Nancie S. Johnson Alexander V. Mishkin Elisabeth Russin Robert L. Bernstein Osborn Elliott Thomas S. Johnson Sherwood G. Moe Turner Henry S. Bienen James Reed Ellis Mark N. Kaplan Julia Moffett Garrick Utley J. Dennis Bonney Harold M. Evans Daniel Roger Katz Walter Thomas Katrina vanden John C. Botts Julie Ann Fisher Paul X. Kelley Molano Heuvel Jo Ivey Boufford Thomas S. Foley Donald M. Kendall Ambler H. Moss Jr. William J. vanden John Brademas Shepard L. Forman John F. Kerry David C. Mulford Heuvel Marcus W. Brauchli Charles C. Foster Robert M. Kimmitt George B. Munroe Edward H. Vick David Braunschvig Joseph Carrere Fox Melanie M. Richard W. Murphy Richard Allen Voell Henry R. Breck William Emery Kirkpa trick Allen E. Murray Andrew F. Brimmer Stephen R. Volk Franklin Robert Huntington Janice L. Murray Richard P. Brown Jr. Marshall I. Wais Jr. Wayne Fredericks Knight Jay H. Newman David S. Browning John L. Walker Eugene M. Freedman Steven R. Koltai Matthew Nimetz William J. Butler Barbara Walters Cyrus F. Freidheim John C. Kornblum Paul H. Nitze Ralph Buultjens Bruce Wasserstein Peter H. B. Mahesh K. Kotecha Marcus Noland John W. Carr Frank A. Weil Frelinghuysen Fred Krawchuk

75 Development

Michael E Ernest Stern Carole Artigiani Stephen Blank Richard Edward Oppenheimer Todd D. Stern Alfred Leroy Robert Jay Blendon Cavanagh Norman J. Ornstein James W. Stevens Atherton Jr. Alan S. Blinder James C. Chace Patrick J. O'Rourke Donald M. Stewart J. Brian Atwood Andy S. Bodea Cory Charles Hannah C. Pakula Rose Styron Jesse H. Ausubel Frederick M. Bohen Robert Bruce Charles Herbert Pardes Gordon R. Sullivan M. Delal Baer Avis T. Bohlen Robert Chartener Charles H. Percy Michael Patrick Charles Waldo Bailey Landrum R. Boiling Stephen A. Cheney Roswell B. Perkins Sullivan Leslie E. Bains David L. Boren Marjorie Ann Chorlins Joseph F. Peyronnin James S. Sutterlin Charles F. Baird Marshall M. Bouton Thomas J. Christensen Jane Cahill Pfeiffer Eric P. Swenson Zoe Baird Robert R. Bowie Jeffrey L. Cimbalo Leon K. Pfeiffer Thomas C. Theobald James E. Baker William L. Bradley Peter A. Clement Steve R. Pieczenik Franklin A. Thomas John R. Baker Linda Parrish Brady Harlan Cleveland Charles J. Pilliod Jr. Frederick S. Tipson Robert Edward George William Joseph I. Coffey Richard W. Pogue John W. Vessey Baldwin Breslauer Shelby Coffey III Frank Popoff Alberto Vitale Sherman Baldwin Raymond L. Vance Coffman Colin L. Powell Jay M. Vogelson Kenneth Balick Brittenham Herman J. Cohen Philip H. Power Roderick K. von Gerald L. Baliles Harvey Brooks Julius E. Coles Nathan M. Pusey Lipsey Teresa C. Barger Charles N. Brower John T. Connor Jr. Simon Ramo Carl E. Vuono William J. Barnds Carroll Brown Jill Conway Charles B. Rangel Minky Worden Harry G. Barnes Jr. Frederic J. Brown Frances D. Cook Clyde E. Rankin III Michael B. Yanney Richard J. Barnet L. Carl Brown Gary M. Cook Ned Regan Daniel H. Yergin Joseph W. Bartlett Phoebe W. Brown Goodwin Cooke Stanley R. Resor Brian R. Zipp Thomas A. Bartlett Robert S. Browne Charles A. Cooper Brian Allen Rich Kimberly Marten Zisk Timothy J. Bartlett Judith Bruce Suzanne Cott Rozanne L. Ridgway David A. Bartsch Ian Joseph Brzezinski Sally Grooms Cowal Barbara Paul Robinson Carol Edler Baumann Mark F. Brzezinski Margaret E. Crahan Olin C. Robison Contributors Perry S. Bechky Mark E. Buchman Ann Crittenden David Rockefeller Jr. (Up to $499) David Z. Beckler Thomas Buergenthal Adelaide McGuinn Riordan Roett Anonymous Richard E. Beeman Mary Brown Bullock Cromwell William D. Rogers Elie Abel Mack Bell Deborah K. Burand R. T. Curran Peter R. Rosenblatt Morton I. Abramowitz Steve Bell Christopher J. Burn Walter L. Cutler Paul M. Sacks Kamal Ahmad John B. Bellinger III James H. Burnley IV Kenneth A. Cutshaw Robert A. Scalapino James E. Akins Esther T. Benjamin Rolland H. Bushner Charles H. Dallara Herbert S. Schlosser Michael H. Alderman Lucy Wilson Benson Louis W. Cabot Dorinda G Dallmeyer Benno Schmidt Jr. George H. Aldrich Joshua A. Berger Camille M. Caesar James E. Dalton Kurt L. Schmoke Robert J. Alexander Pamela B. Berkowsky Dawn T. Calabia William H. Danforth Brian T. Schreiber Lew Allen Jr. John E. Berndt Daniel Calingaert Mark D. Danner Christopher Matthew Richard C. Allison Peter W. Bernstein Thomas M. Callaghy Kathryn W Davis Robert J. Callander Schroeder Michael A. Almond Jan C. Berris Nathaniel Davis David Patrick Calleo Kevin P. Sheehan Karen J. Alter Richard K. Betts Marion M. Dawson Colin G. Campbell George H. Shenk Jose E. Alvarez John C. Beyer Carr David A. Caputo Alan R. Sheriff Harold W. Andersen Raj Bhala Arnaud de Borchgrave Lisa M. Caputo C. J. Silas Craig B. Anderson George C. Biddle Joy A. de Menil John Carey Richard N. Sinkin Lisa Anderson Betsy Biemann Edwin A. Deagle Jr. Patricia T. Smalley John Duke Anthony John C. Bierley William D. Carmichael Jonathan Dean Clint N. Smith Kwame Anthony Richard B. Bilder Barry E. Carter Alfred C. DeCrane Jr. Lorraine Snyder Appiah Eugene A. Birnbaum Hodding Carter Roxanne J. Decyk Abraham David Sofaer Anne L. Armstrong Joseph E. Black James H. Carter Ralston H. Helena Stalson Jonathan David Stanley Warren Black Eileen E. Cassidy Deffenbaugh Jr. Angela Evelyn Stent Aronson Robert O. Blake Marisa J. Demeo

76 Development

Brewster C. Denny Daniel F. Feldman Michael James Gillette Giselle P. Hantz Alan W. Horton David B. H. Denoon Michael R. Fenzel Ruth Bader Ginsburg Evie Hantzopoulos Bradley C. Hosmer Phil E. DePoy Charles H. Ferguson Robert R. Glauber George N. Harben Amory Houghton Jr. Patricia Murphy Frank E. Ferrari William H. Gleysteen Jr. Conrad K. Harper Lee W. Huebner Derian Russell Hunt Fifield Norma Globerman Todd C. Hart Gary C. Hufbauer »',| Gina H. Despres Barbara D. Finberg Carol Gluck Arthur A. Hartman Duane L. Hughes I. M. Destler Seymour Maxwell Robert F. Goheen John H.F.Haskell Jr. R. John Hughes Philip J. Deutch Finger Ronnie L. Goldberg John Resor Hauge Ellen H. Hume M. Colette Devine Lawrence S. James M. Goldgeier William Locke Hauser David S. Huntington Joan Didion Finkelstein Marshall I. Goldman Margaret Daly Hayes J. C. Hurewitz William Diebold Jr. Edwin B. Firmage Merle D. Goldman Lukas Harrison Sol Hurwitz Justin W. Doebele Stanley Fischer Natalie J. Goldring Haynes Alice Stone Ilchman David J. Doerge Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado Neil Goldschmidt Thomas B. Hayward Robert S. Ingersoll Harold C. Donnelly George J. Flynn David L. Goldwyn Charles B. Heck Michael D. Intriligator Norman Dorsen Ronald R. Fogleman Paul D. Golob Barbara D. Heep- Kaleil D. Isaza- Grant R. Doty S. R. Foley Jr. George J. W. Goodman Richter Tuzman Michael W. Doyle Edward T. Foote II Sherri W. Goodman Harry Leonard John Jay Iselin Joy E. Drucker William Fulbright Andrew J. Goodpaster Heintzen Steven L. Isenberg Seth H. Dubin Foote Lincoln Gordon Dennis J. Hejlik Sarah Jackson Charles A. Duelfer Gerald R. Ford Joseph T Gorman Robert C. Helander Francis J. James Robin Chandler Duke Brenda Lei Foster Kurt Gottfried Richard M. Heller Karen H. Johnson Kempton Dunn Donald T. Fox Peter G. Gould Alan K. Henrikson Robert H. Johnson Lewis A. Dunn Thomas M. Franck Peter A. Gourevitch Roy A. Herberger Jr. Willene A. Johnson Philip A. Dur Charles R. Frank Jr. Robert D. Graff Rebecca K.C. Hersman Benjamin Felt Jones Donald B. Easum Isaiah Frank Thomas Graham Jr. Arthur Hertzberg David C. Jones Ralph E. Eberhart Constance J. Freeman Stephen Richards Charles M. Herzfeld James R. Jones Randolph P. Eddy III Roger C. Freeman Graubard Sylvia Ann Hewlett Amos A. Jordan Marian Wright Edward R. Fried Judy S. Grayson Kathleen Holland Geri M. Joseph Edelman Alexander Stephen Joseph N. Greene Jr. Hicks Kenneth I. Juster Mark D. W. Edington Friedman G. Jonathan Edward T. Hightower Robert P. Kadlec Karl Eikenberry Benjamin M. Friedman Greenwald Sonja Hillgren Bernard Kalb Hermann Frederick Michael B. G. Froman Hugh D. S. Greenway Ruth Hinerfeld Marvin Kalb Eilts Kathryn S. Fuller Vartan Gregorian Deane R. Hinton Jan H. Kalicki Patricia Ellis William P. Fuller Richard Grenier Tammany D. Hobbs C. S. Eliot Kang Ainslie T. Embree Evan G. Galbraith Louisa Coan Greve Miracky Arnold Kanter David B. Ensor Robert L. Gallucci Julie M. Grimes Amoretta M. Hoeber Stanley Karnow Claude E. Erbsen Sandra Galvis Brandon H. Grove Jr. Malcolm I. Hoenlein Jordan S. Kassalow Susan G. Esserman Charles S. Ganoe Paul C. Grove Auren Hoffman Allen H. Kassof Robert H. Estabrook Murray J. Gart Edwin O. Guthman Bruce Hoffman Abraham Katz Daniel C. Esty Charles Gati Bernard M. Stanley Hoffmann Stanley N. Katz Richard M. Toby Trister Gati Gwertzman Warren M. Hoge Kira Kay Fairbanks III Catherine C. Gay Robert D. Haas George Roberts Carl Kaysen David M. Fairman Inge Gedo Richard N. Haass Hoguet Farhad Kazemi Mathea Falco Philip O. Geier Alexander M. Haig Jr. Mary Elizabeth Charlotte G. Kea J. Rodney Faraon Louis Gerber Paul Hallingby Jr. Hoinkes Thomas H. Kean Evelyn N. Farkas Elliot F. Gerson Ted Halstead John L. Holden Edmond J. Keller Irina A. Faskianos Ralph J. Gerson D. Holly Hammonds Henry Allen Holmes Barbara L. Kellerman Evan A. Feigenbaum Michael Getler Larry Hanauer Pat M. Holt David Kellogg Ava S. Feiner Tatiana C. Gfoeller Herbert J. Hansell John D. Holum John H. Kelly Samuel H. Feist Loren Ghiglione Carl Thor Hanson Gary N. Horlick Geoffrey Kemp

77

_ Development

Frederick S. Kempe Robert E. Litan Sheila Avrin McLean Richard M. Murphy David H. Petraeus Peter B. Kenen Robert S. Litwak Doyle McManus Douglas P. Murray Richard W. Petree Ann Zwicker Kerr William J. Long Jason D. McManus Ian P. Murray Steven B. Pfeiffer W. Carl Kester Bevis Longstreth Thomas L. McNaugher Martha Twitchell Muse Christopher H. Phillips Peter Kezirian Stephen Low Michael J. McNerney Peter F. Najera Lawrence W. Pierce John W. Kiermaier James G. Lowenstein M. Peter McPherson John D. Negroponte Andrew J. Pierre Henry L. King Abraham F. Lowenthal Robert S. McWade Merlin E. Nelson Donald L. Pilling Judith Kipper James Milton Loy Jon Meacham Robert L. Nelson Jr. Michael Pillsbury David Klein Edward C. Luck Robert F Meagher Richard A. Nenneman Rutherford M. Poats Edward Klein William H. Luers Amy Houpt Medearis Stephanie G. Neuman Gerald A. Pollack William Allen Jane Holl Lute Irene W. Meister David D. Newsom Kenneth M. Pollack Knowlton Princeton N. Lyman Judy Hendren Mello M. Diana H. Newton Marquita J. Pool- Jennie M. Koch Richard W. Lyman Sarah Elizabeth Rosemary Neaher Eckert George Kolt Thomas F. Lynch III Mendelson Niehuss Arturo C. Porzecanski Andrzej Korbonski Richard Kent Lyons Saul H. Mendlovitz Richard H. Nolte Wesley W. Posvar Jessica Korn Charles Frederick Raj an Menon Eric S. Nonacs Averill L. Powers Louis Kraar MacCormack Claire Sechler Merkel Lynne Dominick Thomas Powers Vinca LaFleur Shawn A. MacDonald Theodor Meron Novack John R. Price Jr. Betty Goetz Lall Frances MacEachron George Rich Metcalf Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein William T Pryce Denis Lamb Christopher Ma Jamie Frederic Metzl J. Benjamin H. Nye Robert H. Puckett Lansing Lamont William B. Macomber Carl J. Meyer Robert B. Oakley Lucian W. Pye Virginia A. Lampley John David Maguire Harold J. Meyerman Don Oberdorfer William B. Quandt Charles M. Lane Thomas H. Elizabeth Midgley Carol O'Cleireacain John Raisian George D. Langdon Jr. Mahoney IV Gwendolyn Mikell Walter F. O'Connor Robin Lynn Raphel Joseph LaPalombara Charles S. Maier Charles R. Miller William E. Odom J. Thomas Ratchford Nicholas R. Lardy Christopher J. Makins Debra L. Miller L. Jay Oliva Jack Raymond Charles R. Larson Kim Malone Roberta Balstad Miller William Clinton Olson Lee R. Raymond David C. Leavy Audrey Forbes Manley Bradford Mills John R. Opel Charles E. Redman Ernest S. Lee J. Eugene Marans Susan Linda Mills John E. Osborn Charles B. Reed Robert Legvold David E. Mark Frank J. Mirkow William A. Owens William Sears Reese Orin Lehman Hans M. Mark George D. Moffett Mark Palmer William M. Reichert John Foster Leich Phebe A. Marr Mark C. Montgomery Elizabeth Rindskopf John E. Reinhardt Marc E. Leland Anthony D. Marshall William S. Moody Parker Jehuda Reinharz J. Stuart Lemle Katherine Marshall Julia A. Moore Gerald L. Parsky Mitchell B. Reiss Robert J. Lempert Lynn Morley Martin Paul Moore Jr. Juliette M. Passer- Charles Byron Alexander T.J. Lennon George E. Moose L. Camille Massey Muslin Renfrew Sarah G.J. Lennon Theodore H. Moran Walter E. Massey Hugh T. Patrick Renate Rennie James F. Leonard Lloyd N. Morrisett Gerald M. Mayer Jr. Stewart M. Patrick Nicholas A. Rey Marne L. Levine Kenneth P. Morse Cynthia Lillian Roland A. Paul Carolyn Ann Reynolds Marc Levinson Alfred H. Moses McCaffrey Barry Pavel John B. Rhinelander Samuel J. Levy Michael David Edward McCann Richard Foote John H.Rich Jr. Bernard Lewis John W McCarter Jr. Mosettig Pedersen Stephen H. Richards Stephen R. Lewis Jr. John J. McCloyll David A. Moss James K. Penfield David B. Richardson Cynthia C. Elizabeth J. Joel W Motley Richard D. Perera Henry J. Richardson III Lichtenstein McCormack Lucia Mouat Don Peretz Yolonda C. Richardson Kenneth G. Lieberthal David H. McCormick John Edwin Mroz David Perez Anthony H. Richter Sally L. Lilienthal David E. McGiffert Margaret Farris Mudd Edward J. Perkins Donald H. Rivkin Beverly Lindsay Charles James Steven Muller Arthur King Peters Alice M. Rivlin Jonathan S. Linen McLaughlin Emily Moto Murase Michael P. Peters Richard Todd Roberts Thomas W. Lippman David T McLaughlin Deroy Murdock Holly Peterson Walter R. Roberts

78 Development

David Z. Robinson Eugene A. Sekulow Edward S. Steinfeld Laura D'Andrea Tyson Robert J. White Davis R. Robinson John W. Sewell Alfred C. Stepan Richard H. Ullman Charles S. Whitehouse Pearl T. Robinson Jeffrey R. Shafer Fritz Stern Cornelius M. Ulman Richard A. Wiley John M. Rogers Donna E. Shalala Jessica E. Stern Marybeth Peterson Eddie Nathan Ervin J. Rokke Andrew J. Shapiro Paula Stern Ulrich Williams Nancy Ellen Roman Judith R. Shapiro Roger D. Stone Sanford J. Ungar Harold M. Williams Alan D. Romberg Daniel A. Sharp Robert Strausz-Hupe Gregory E. van der Paul R. Williams Arthur H. Rosen Eleanor B. Sheldon Niara Sudarkasa Vink Donald M. Wilson Daniel H. Rosen Sally Swing Shelley Francis X. Sutton Ted Van Dyk Thomas Winship David S. Rosenblatt Gary M. Shiffman Cedric Suzman James Alward Philip S. Winterer Patricia L. Rosenfield Jennifer A. Shore John Temple Swing Van Fleet John D. Wirth Mitchell S. Rosenthal Donald W. Shriver Julia Vadala Taft Marta B. Varela Frank G. Wisner II Ronald W. Roskens Karlan Sick William H. Taft IV Nicholas A. Veliotes Charles Wolf Jr. Thomas B. Ross Robert B. Silvers Phillips Talbot Toni G. Verstandig Ira Wolf Elspeth Davies Rostow P.J. Simmons Jeffrey W. Taliaferro Elizabeth G. Verville Paul D. Wolfowitz Stanley Owen Roth Gretchen Crosby Sims Kara W.Y. Tan Bhala Richard Noyes Viets R. James Woolsey William M. Roth Joseph John Sisco Angelica O. Tang Adis M. Vila L. Patrick Wright Kathryn Roth- Elliott P. Skinner Raymond Tanter Milton Viorst Mona Yacoubian Douquet Eugene B. Skolnikoff Peter Tarnoff George J. Vojta Linda Tsao Yang Linda D. Rottenberg Anne-Marie Slaughter C. Bruce Tarter Christine I. Wallich Phoebe L. Yang Arthur Mark Rubin Matthew J. Slaughter Gligor A. Tashkovich Ian Kennard Walsh Daniel Yankelovich Neil L. Rudenstine Richard A. Slaughter William Taubman Anthony John Walton David B. Yoffie Carol Knuth Sakoian Ann Brownell Sloane Dina Simone Temple- R. Keith Walton Edgar B. Young Leon Sloss Jeswald William Raston Katherine T. Ward M. Crawford Young Lawrence M. Small Salacuse Leonard B. Tennyson John William Warner Frederick T. C. Yu S. Bruce Smart Jr. Steven B. Sample Barbara S. Thomas Gerald L. Warren Raul H. Yzaguirre James McCall Smith Michael A. Samuels John K. Tien Jr. Lewis M. Warren Jr. Donald S. Zagoria Jeffrey H. Smith Miriam Sapiro Paul E. Tierney Jr. Alexander F. Watson Dov S. Zakheim Malcolm B. Smith Stephen Thomas Ronald Tiersky William Watts Marvin Zonis L. Britt Snider Sargeant Sarah Livingston Dennis Weatherstone Barry Zorthian Jed C. Snyder Ralph Southey Saul Timpson Hoyt K. Webb Stephen J. Solarz Harold H. Saunders Cynthia A. Tindell Vin Weber Peter O. A. Solbert Phillip C. Saunders Amina Tirana William H. Webster Andrew Wallace Nadia C. Schadlow Terence A. Todman Jennifer R. Weeks Leroy Snyder Wehrle Frank W. Schiff Solomon Monica Duffy Toft George B. Weiksner Jr. Any a A. Schmemann Anthony M. Solomon Alexander C. Sidney Weintraub James L. Schoff Joshua N. Solomon Tomlinson Jacob Weisberg G. Edward Schuh Lisa J. Solomon Stephen Joel Charles Weiss Jr. JillA.Schuker Robert Solomon Trachtenberg Edith Brown Weiss Susan Carroll Schwab Tara Diane Sonenshine Harry D. Train II Elizabeth Anne Weiss Adam Schwarz Helmut Sonnenfeldt Bernard E. Trainor Samuel F. Wells Jr. William W. Schwarzer Richard W Eugene P. Trani Allan Wendt Stephen M. Schwebel Sonnenfeldt Thomas J. Trebat Mitzi Mallina Elaine F. Sciolino Ronald I. Spiers Peter D. Trooboff Brent Scowcroft J. Andrew Spindler Alexander B. Wertheim Norman P. Seagrave Howard M. Squadron Trowbridge Owen Driscoll West Robert C. Seamans Jr. Stephen Stamas Edwin M. Truman Clifton R. Wharton Jr. Jonathan E. Sears Eugene S. Staples Sirina Tsai Jennifer Seymour James B. Seaton III Paul E. Steiger Elizabeth G. Tsehai Whitaker Sheldon J. Segal Eric Stein Katherine K. Tucker Julia A. White

79 L 2001 Board Election

The Council’s By-Laws provide for a Board consisting of accordance with the By-Laws. No petition candidate 30 Directors (plus the President, ex officio), divided into was put forth. A ballot was mailed to all Council mem- five classes of six Directors. Each class serves for a term bers on April 17. of five years. In each class, three Directors are elected by At the Annual Meeting for the Election of Directors the membership and three are appointed by the Board. on May 16, 2001, 1,532 members participated in person Directors with terms expiring on August 31, 2001, or by proxy, fulfilling the quorum required by By-Law V. were Mario L. Baeza, Lee Cullum, Thomas R. Donahue, Thomas R. Pickering’s name was written on ten or more Maurice R. Greenberg, Peter G. Peterson, and Robert B. ballots cast at the meeting, and, therefore, he was nomi- Zoellick.* nated for the 2002 election by the write-in procedure The Nominating Committee was composed of Carla outlined in the By-Laws. A. Hills (Chairman), John E. Bryson (Vice Chairman), The following nominees were elected for five-year Linda Chavez, Kenneth W. Dam, Robert E. Denham, terms beginning September 1, 2001, and expiring Thomas R. Donahue, William H. Donaldson, David R. August 31, 2006: Lee Cullum, Richard C. Holbrooke, Gergen, Robert H. Legvold, Steven L. Rattner, Adele and Joan E. Spero. Edward F. Cox, Matthew Nimetz, and Simmons, James B. Sitrick, Anne Wexler, Andrew Barbara Robinson served as election overseers. Young, and Nancy Young. On January 19, 2001, Ms. Under current procedures, the Board completed the Hills invited the Council membership to propose possi- Class of 2006 by appointing three Directors. Acting on ble candidates. The Nominating Committee met on the recommendation of the Nominating Committee, at March 13 to consider the large pool of names suggested its June 7 meeting the Board appointed the following by Council members for the three elective vacancies. three Council members to serve five-year terms begin- Mindful of its mandate to consider “the need for diver- ning September 1, 2001, and ending August 31, 2006: sity with regard to age, sex, race, geographical represen- Henry S. Bienen, Maurice R. Greenberg, and Vin Weber. tation, and professional background,” the Nominating Additionally, the Board appointed Kenneth M. Duber- Committee developed the following slate of nominees: stein to the Class of 2002, filling the vacancy created by Mario L. Baeza, Lee Cullum, Richard C. Holbrooke, Bar- the resignation of Kenneth W. Dam, in accordance with bara Shailor, Joan E. Spero, and James Gustave Speth. By-Law IV.C. On March 23, Council members were notified of the Lilita V. Gusts slate and of the petition process available to them in Secretary

*To ensure an orderly transition in Council leadership, the Board of Gelb has stepped down as a Director, ex officio, to enable Mr. Peterson Directors at its October 2000 meeting approved changes in the By-Laws to temporarily fill the 31st slot as a Director. The Board asked Mr. Peter- that enable Mr. Peterson and Mr. Greenberg to continue as Chairman son to accept an interim appointment as Chairman and Director, effec- and Vice Chairman, respectively, on a year-to-year basis and that permit tive September 2001, on a year-to-year basis. The Council President will the Council to have more than one Vice Chairman. President Leslie H. resume the directorship after a new Board Chairman takes office.

80 Committees of the Board, 2000–2001

Executive Ken Miller Foreign Affairs Fritz Stern Lee Cullum Peter G. Peterson, Chair Leonard Murray II† Martin S. Feldstein, Stephen Claar Swid George Albert Dalley Maurice R. Greenberg, E. John Rosenwald Jr. Chair Ronald Steel Rodolfo O. de la Garza Vice Chair Frank Savage Henry A. Grunwald, Garrick Utley Frank Phillip del Olmo Carla A. Hills, Maurice Sonnenberg Vice Chair Masakazu Yamazaki Merit E. Janow Vice Chair I. Peter Wolff Fouad Ajami Kenneth I. Juster Paul A. Allaire Mortimer B. Zuckerman Warren Bass† Meetings Richard Mallery Thomas R. Donahue Derek H. Chollet† Garrick Utley, Chair Michael H. Moskow Martin S. Feldstein Finance John Lewis Gaddis Roone Arledge William K. Reilly William J. McDonough and Budget Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Carole Artigiani John B. Rhinelander Michael H. Moskow William J. McDonough, Rita E. Hauser Barbara Crossette Thomas Schick Warren B. Rudman Chair Jim Hoagland Thomas E. Donilon Anne-Marie Slaughter Frank Savage Jessica P. Einhorn,‡ Karen Elliott House Peggy Dulany Theodore C. Sorensen Laura D’Andrea Tyson Vice Chair John J. Mearsheimer Sergio J. Galvis Chang-Lin Tien Garrick Utley Roger C. Altman‡ Rodney W. Nichols James F. Hoge Jr.* Peggy Dulany Robert E. Rubin Robert D. Hormats Term Membership Corporate Affairs Gail D. Fosler Elisabeth N. Sifton Morton L. Janklow Anne-Marie Slaughter, and Development Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Theodore C. Sorensen Melanie M. Kirkpatrick Chair Paul A. Allaire, Chair Richard K. Goeltz Joshua L. Steiner Bette Bao Lord Deborah K. Burand Vincent A. Mai, Michael D. Granoff Garrick Utley L. Camille Massey† Robert J. Chaves Vice Chair J. Tomilson Hill‡ Anita Volz Wien Raffiq A. Nathoo Shelby Coffey III Allen R. Adler Henry Kaufman‡ Philip D. Zelikow Peter L.W. Osnos Stephen E. Flynn Roone Arledge Carl Braun Menges‡ Ponchitta Pierce Todd C. Hart Marshall Nichols Carter George J. Mitchell Correspondence Richard L. Plepler Kenneth A. Moskow Jonathan E. Colby Joel W. Motley Martin S. Feldstein, Douglas E. Schoen April A. Oliver Henrietta Holsman Fore Priscilla A. Newman Chair Jason T. Shaplen† Elliot Stein Richard N. Foster J. Benjamin H. Nye† Fouad Ajami Ron Silver Kimberly Marten Zisk Bart Friedman Karen Parker Feld† Daniel Bell Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Richard E. Salomon‡ Frances FitzGerald Membership Atlanta Group on Membership Joseph M. Ha George Soros Wolf Lepenies Frank Savage, Chair and Programs Karen N. Horn Robert G. Wilmers‡ Esther R. Newberg Robert D. Hormats, Morton L. Janklow Don M. Wilson III‡ Ron Silver Vice Chair Linda Parrish Brady, Sherman R. Lewis Jr. Robert B. Silvers Peter Dexter Bell Chair J. Eugene Marans Carl Spielvogel Judith H. Bello Harry G. Barnes Jr.

*Ex officio. †Designated Term Member. ‡Serves also on the Investment Subcommittee.

81 Committees of the Board, 2000–2001

Peter Dexter Bell Patricia Murphy Derian David K.Y. Tang Nominating Peter Tarnoff Zeb B. Bradford Jr. George W. Landau Chang-Lin Tien Carla A. Hills, Chair Marc A. Thiessen† Julius E. Coles Bernard H. Oxman Laura D’Andrea Tyson* John E. Bryson, Richard H. Ullman Marion V. Creekmore Jr. Joseph F. Peyronnin Harold M. Williams Vice Chair Marta B. Varela Kenneth A. Cutshaw Maria Elena Torano Linda Chavez Ernest James Wilson III Gail H. Evans Adis M. Vila National Kenneth W. Dam Frank G. Wisner II Wyatt Thomas Johnson Programs Robert E. Denham Daniel H. Yergin Eason T. Jordan Texas Group Michael H. Moskow, Thomas R. Donahue James T. Laney on Membership Chair William H. Donaldson Washington Audrey Forbes Manley and Programs Henry S. Bienen David R. Gergen Programs Judith B. Milestone Lee Cullum, Chair Andy S. Bodea Robert Legvold Warren B. Rudman, Sam Nunn Anne L. Armstrong John E. Bryson Steven L. Rattner Chair Julia A. White Rodolfo O. de la Garza Hodding Carter III Adele Simmons Thomas E. Donilon, Vice Chair Peter C. White Edward P. Djerejian Stephen A. Cheney James Baker Sitrick Pauline H. Baker Andrew Young Mont P. Hoyt John F. Cooke Anne Wexler Judith H. Bello Roy M. Huffington Lee Cullum Andrew Young Mark F. Brzezinski† Chicago Group Leo Sidney Mackay Jr. Kenneth A. Cutshaw Nancy Young on Membership Rena M. Pederson Edward P. Djerejian Elizabeth L. Cheney† and Programs April Kanne Donnellan† Studies Edwin A. Deagle Jr. Thomas R. Donahue Michael H. Moskow, West Coast Group Richard W. Fisher Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Chair on Membership Mimi L. Haas Chair Kenneth M. Duberstein Henry S. Bienen and Programs Mont P. Hoyt Martin S. Feldstein, Marsha A. Echols Lester Crown Warren Christopher, Lyric M. Hughes Vice Chair Jessica P. Einhorn Cyrus F. Freidheim Co-Chair Wyatt Thomas Richard V. Allen Douglas J. Feith David D. Hale Peter Tarnoff, Co-Chair Johnson Jesse H. Ausubel Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado Arthur L. Kelly Robert John Abernethy Peter Bicknell Laurence Merrill Band† Charles Gati Rashid I. Khalidi John E. Bryson* Kellner† Hans Binnendijk Carl Samuel Gershman John W. McCarter Jr. John F. Cooke Peter Kezirian† Avis T. Bohlen Michael H. Haltzel Henry H. Perritt Jr. Frank Phillip del Olmo Bette Bao Lord W. Bowman Cutter Robert W. Helm John E. Rielly Robert F. Erburu* Leo Sidney Mackay Jr. David B.H. Denoon Carla A. Hills David J. Rosso Henrietta Holsman Fore Judith B. Milestone Padma Desai Kim R. Holmes Adele Simmons Linda Griego Ambler H. Moss Jr. John Deutch James V. Kimsey Thomas C. Theobald Edward K. Hamilton William A. Owens Kenneth M. Duberstein Mark P. Lagon Mitchel B. Wallerstein Jessie J. Knight Jr. Judith K. Paulus Michael B.G. Froman† Dave K. McCurdy Ronald Frank Lehman II Henry H. Perritt Jr. Francis Fukuyama Alberto J. Mora Miami Group Richard Mallery John C. Reppert John Lewis Gaddis Mark Palmer on Membership Sharon I. Meers Ronald K. Shelp Melvin L. Heineman Peter R. Rosenblatt and Programs Leila Conners Petersen Mark R. Steinberg James F. Hoge Jr.* Josette S. Shiner Ambler H. Moss Jr., Philip Joseph Romero David K.Y. Tang Lawrence J. Korb* Tara Diane Sonenshine Chair J. Stanley Sanders Peter Tarnoff John P. Lipsky Terence A. Todman Cresencio S. Arcos George H. Shenk Charles R. Trimble Abraham F. Lowenthal* Michael H. Van Dusen Diego C. Asencio Paula J. Sinclair Roderick K. von Lipsey Robert E. Rubin W. Bruce Weinrod W. Hodding Carter Kiron Kanina Skinner Andrew Young Scott D. Sagan R. James Woolsey Gordon C. Stewart

82 19-CFR AR01 83 IAB 9/12/01 9:35 PM Page 83

International Advisory Board

The International Advisory Board (IAB), established by the Sergei A. Karaganov (Russia), Chairman of the Board, Council Board of Directors in 1995 under the chairmanship of David on Foreign and Defense Policy; Deputy Director, Institute of Rockefeller, meets annually in conjunction with the fall Board Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences meeting to offer perspectives on a broad range of matters of con- Kyung-Won Kim (Republic of Korea), President, Institute of cern to the Council. IAB members are invited to comment on Social Sciences; former Ambassador of Korea to the United institutional programs and strategic directions, and on practical States opportunities for collaboration between the Council and insti- Yotaro Kobayashi (Japan), Chairman and Chief Executive Offi- tutions abroad. They also provide invaluable international cer, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. insights into U.S. foreign policy in discussions on a variety of Rahmi M. Koç (Turkey), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, issues—from the need for new strategies and institutions for the Koç Holdings A.S. 21st century, to the value of multilateral approaches toward Otto Graf Lambsdorff (Germany), Member, Bundestag; former world problems, to ways to foster democratization. Federal Minister of Economics, Germany Luiz Felipe Lampreia (Brazil), Chairman of the Board of Mariclaire Acosta (Mexico), Special Ambassador for Human Trustees, Centro Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais; former Rights and Democracy, Mexico Minister of Foreign Affairs, Brazil Giovanni Agnelli (Italy), Chairman, Instituto Finanziario Indus- Juan March (Spain), Chairman, Juan March Foundation triale; Honorary Chairman, Fiat SpA María Rosa Martini (Argentina), Cofounder and President, Khalid A. Alturki (Saudi Arabia), Chairman, Trading and Social Sector Forum; Founder, CONCIENCIA Argentina Development Company (TRADCO) Barbara McDougall (Canada), President and Chief Executive Moshe Arens (Israel), Member, Knesset; former Ambassador of Officer, Canadian Institute of International Affairs; former Israel to the United States Secretary of State for External Affairs, Canada Hanan Ashrawi (West Bank), Secretary General, Miftah—The Adam Michnik (Poland), Editor in Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue Moeen A. Qureshi (Pakistan), Chairman, Emerging Markets and Democracy; Founder, The Palestinian Independent Com- Partnership; former Prime Minister of Pakistan mission for Citizens’ Rights Michel Rocard (France), President, Commission of Develop- Percy N. Barnevik (Sweden), Chairman, ABB Asea Brown ment, European Parliament; former Prime Minister of Boveri Ltd. France Conrad M. Black (Canada), Chairman and Chief Executive Offi- Prannoy Roy (India), President, New Delhi Television, Ltd. cer, Argus Corporation Ltd.; Chairman, Hollinger Inc. and Khehla Shubane (South Africa), Research Officer and Director, The Telegraph p.l.c. Centre for Policy Studies, University of Witwatersrand John Browne (United Kingdom), Group Chief Executive, BP Washington SyCip (Philippines), Chairman and Founder, SGV Amoco p.l.c. Group Gro Harlem Brundtland (Norway), Director General, World Horst Teltschik (Germany), Chairman, Herbert Quandt Founda- Health Organization (WHO); former Prime Minister of Norway tion (BMW); former National Security Adviser, Germany Gustavo A. Cisneros (Venezuela), Chairman and Chief Execu- Jusuf Wanandi (Indonesia), Member of the Board of Directors, tive Officer, Cisneros Group of Companies Centre for Strategic and International Studies (Jakarta) Mark C. Chona (Zambia), Chairman and CEO, Sumika Con- Shirley V.T. Brittain Williams (United Kingdom), Member, sulting & Management Services Ltd.; former Political House of Lords; Public Service Professor of Electoral Politics, Adviser to the President Harvard University Alejandro Foxley (Chile), Member, Senate of Chile; former Min- Muhammad Yunus (Bangladesh), Founder, Managing Director, ister of Finance of Chile and Chief Executive Officer, Grameen Bank Toyoo Gyohten (Japan), President, Institute for International Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (Mexico), former President of Monetary Affairs; Senior Adviser, The Bank of Tokyo- Mexico Mitsubishi, Ltd.

83 Council By-Laws

I. All members of the Council shall be elected by the the Board at which a quorum is present and voting, for Board of Directors. All members elected to the Council, any violation of the By-Laws or rules or regulations of the other than those whose term of membership is limited by Board of Directors, or for any conduct even though not in the conditions of their election, remain members until actual violation of a By-Law or rule that, in the opinion of death, resignation, or action under the last paragraph of the Board, is nevertheless prejudicial to the best interests, this By-Law. reputation, and proper functioning of the Council. A The Board of Directors may elect honorary members member’s privileges may be suspended for a period of up with such membership rights, excluding the right to vote to six months by action of the President subject to in Council affairs, as the Board may designate. approval by the Chairman of the Board. In any fiscal year, the Board may elect up to 110 per- sons to five-year term membership. The terms and condi- II. It is an express condition of membership in the tions of such membership shall be as prescribed by the Council, to which condition every member accedes by Board, provided that no person shall be elected to such virtue of his or her membership, that members will membership who is more than 34 years of age on January observe such rules and regulations as may be prescribed 1 of the year in which his or her election would take place, from time to time by the Board of Directors concerning and that of the total number of persons elected each year the conduct of Council meetings or the attribution of no more than 35 shall be age 30 or under, and that so long statements made therein, and that any disclosure, publi- as their term continues such members will have the full cation, or other action by a member in contravention rights and privileges of Council membership. thereof may be regarded by the Board of Directors in its The Board of Directors may establish such other spe- sole discretion as ground for termination or suspension of cial categories of membership having such rights and membership pursuant to Article I of the By-Laws. privileges, and subject to such conditions, as the Board III. Members other than honorary members of the may designate. Council shall pay the following dues per annum: Of the total membership of the Council, the stated membership shall not exceed 3,700. Stated membership is Business Nonbusiness defined as the total of those members who at the time of New York Area computation are under the age of 70, who are residing Under 30 $ 660 $180 within the United States, and who are neither honorary 30–39 1,340 320 members nor five-year term members. A New York Area 40 and Over 2,600 580 member is one whose residence or principal place of busi- Washington, D.C., Area ness is within 50 miles of City Hall in the Borough of Under 30 $ 450 $150 Manhattan, City of New York. A Washington, D.C., Area 30–39 900 260 member is one whose residence or principal place of busi- 40 and Over 1,750 450 ness is within 50 miles of the Capitol in the District of Columbia. All other members are National. All members National other than honorary members shall be citizens of the Under 30 $ 360 $110 United States or permanent residents of the United States 30–39 650 180 who have made application to become citizens. 40 and Over 1,300 300 A member may be dropped or suspended from mem- bership for a period of six months or more only by a For purposes of this By-Law, nonbusiness members unanimous vote of those Directors attending a meeting of are those who are regular members of the faculty of any

84 Council By-Laws accredited educational institution, who are in the public The Board shall have the power to fill any vacancy in its service, who are on the staff of a voluntary organization, membership. A Director appointed to fill a vacancy cre- or who are accredited writers, commentators, journalists, ated by the retirement, resignation, or death of a Director or other media correspondents. All other members, previously elected by the membership at large shall be except honorary members, are business members. nominated by the Nominating Committee as the sole can- All dues shall be paid annually or semiannually in didate in the next Annual Election to complete the bal- equal installments in advance. Default in the payment of ance of the unexpired term. any dues for a period of 60 days may be deemed to be equivalent to resignation. V A. The Annual Meeting of Members shall be held in New York City as soon as practicable after the end of the IV A. There shall be a Board of not more than 31 Direc- fiscal year, as determined by the Chairman of the Board. tors. The President of the corporation shall be a Director, At this meeting the Board of Directors shall present a ex officio, unless otherwise provided by resolution of the report of the activities of the Council during the past year, Board of Directors and agreed to by the President. The and such other business shall be considered as shall be remaining members of the Board of Directors shall be brought forward by or with the sanction of the Board of divided into five equal classes, each class to serve for a Directors and that shall have been stated in the notice term of five years and until their successors are elected convening the meeting. and take office. Each class shall consist of three Directors One-third of the voting members of the Council shall elected directly by the membership at large and three constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Mem- Directors appointed by the Board. Following each Annual bers may be represented by proxy. Election but prior to the commencement of the term of the new Directors, the Board shall appoint three Directors to B. The Annual Election of Directors of the Council shall serve in the same class as the three Directors elected at the be held at a meeting in New York City on a date set by the Annual Election. Any Chairman or Vice Chairman of the President or the Chairman of the Board within 13 months Board elected on an interim basis pursuant to Article VII of the preceding meeting at which Directors were elected. who is not a Director at the time of his or her election shall Directors shall be elected by ballot. Ballots will be mailed to during the period of such interim service be a Director all members in advance of the Annual Election and may be and, at the time of his or her election, shall be designated returned by mail or may be delivered in person or by by the Board of Directors to occupy either (i) the position proxy. The ballot shall contain (i) the name of each member on the Board that would otherwise be occupied by the who is nominated by the Nominating Committee as a can- President, if the President is not then serving as a Direc- didate for the class of Directors scheduled for election in tor, ex officio, or (ii) any vacancy among the three Direc- that year, (ii) the name of any member appointed to a tors in each class subject to appointment by the Board. vacancy in the Board and nominated by the Nominating Committee as the sole candidate to complete the balance of B. At each Annual Election of the Council, three Direc- the unexpired term, (iii) the name of any member who is tors shall be elected to replace the outgoing class of nominated in each class by a petition signed by not fewer elected Directors. Terms of all Directors, both elected and than ten members, and (iv) the name of any member who appointed, shall commence on the first day of September received not fewer than ten write-in votes in the preceding next following their election or appointment. A Director, election. Members may cast one vote for each of as many whether elected or appointed, who has served three years candidates as there are vacancies to be filled on the Board, or more of a five-year term shall be eligible subsequently and the candidates with the highest number of votes in for election or appointment to a single consecutive term. each class will be declared elected as Directors. One-third of the voting members of the Council shall constitute a C. Directors are expected faithfully to attend Board quorum at the Annual Election Meeting. Administrative and Board Committee meetings to which they are details necessary to implement the Council’s nomination assigned. A Director who fails to attend two-thirds of all and election procedures shall be as prescribed by the Pres- such regularly scheduled Board and Board Committee ident in consultation with the Chairman of the Board. meetings in any two consecutive calendar years shall be deemed to have submitted his or her resignation to be VI. The Board shall constitute such Committees as accepted at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Board. may from time to time be appropriate, including an Exec-

85 Council By-Laws utive Committee, a Committee on Finance and Budget, a ices, and other initiatives to enhance participation in the Committee on Corporate Affairs and Development, a Council by members in Washington, D.C. Committee on Meetings, a Committee on Washington The Committee on National Programs shall be com- Programs, a Committee on National Programs, a Com- posed of five members of the Board and such other mem- mittee on Membership, a Nominating Committee, a bers of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems Committee on Foreign Affairs, and a Committee on Stud- appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- ies. Elections of Board members to Committees shall be opt no fewer than ten additional members who shall not held at Annual Meetings of the Board, except that, on the be members of the Board. The Committee shall have the nomination of the Chairman of the Board, a Director may responsibility for overseeing programs, activities, serv- be elected at any meeting of the Board to fill a Committee ices, and other initiatives to enhance participation in the vacancy. Council by members in regions other than New York City The Executive Committee shall be composed of the and Washington, D.C. Chairman and Vice Chairmen of the Board, the Chairmen The Committee on Membership shall be composed of of the standing committees of the Board, and such other five members of the Board and such other members of the members of the Board as the Executive Committee Chair- Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. man deems appropriate. During intervals between meet- The Committee shall co-opt two members who shall not ings of the Board, the Committee may exercise the be members of the Board and who shall be under the age powers of the Board to the extent permitted by law. of 40 when co-opted, and shall have power to co-opt no The Committee on Finance and Budget shall be com- fewer than eight additional members of any age who are posed of five members of the Board and such other mem- not members of the Board. All names proposed for mem- bers of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems bership in the Council shall be referred to the Committee appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- for its consideration, and the Committee shall submit to opt no fewer than eight additional members. The Commit- the Board its nominations for election to membership. tee shall have general supervision of the investment of the The Nominating Committee shall be composed of five funds of the Council and of its financial affairs, and shall members of the Board. The Committee shall present names present the budget at the Spring meeting of the Board. for Directors, Officers, and Committee members. For the The Committee on Corporate Affairs and Develop- purpose of nominating candidates to stand for election to ment shall be composed of five members of the Board and the Board, the Committee shall co-opt ten additional mem- such other members of the Board as the Committee bers who shall not be members of the Board. The Chair- Chairman deems appropriate. The Committee shall have man of the Nominating Committee shall be selected by the the power to co-opt no fewer than 20 additional mem- Chairman of the Board from among the Board members on bers. The Committee shall help to plan, implement, and the Committee. Neither the Chairman of the Board nor the oversee the Corporate Program and the Council’s finan- President shall be an ex officio member of the Nominating cial development programs. Committee. Both in co-opting members to its own body The Committee on Meetings shall be composed of five and in nominating candidates for each year’s Board elec- members of the Board and such other members of the tion, the Nominating Committee is charged to keep in Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. mind the need for diversity with regard to age, sex, race, The Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer geographical representation, and professional background. than ten members who shall not be members of the In nominating candidates for each year’s Board election, Board. The Committee shall have responsibility for over- the Committee is also charged (i) to solicit the entire mem- seeing the Council’s program of general meetings and bership for the names of possible candidates and (ii) except institutional outreach activities involving electronic and as provided in By-Law IV(C) to nominate twice as many other broadcast media. candidates as there are directorships to be filled at the elec- The Committee on Washington Programs shall be tion by the membership at large. composed of five members of the Board and such other The Committee on Foreign Affairs shall be composed of members of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems five members of the Board and such other members of the appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. opt no fewer than ten additional members who shall not The Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer be members of the Board. The Committee shall have than 15 additional members, at least ten of whom are not responsibility for overseeing programs, activities, serv- members of the Board. All matters relating to the over-

86 Council By-Laws sight and management of the magazine shall be referred Board of Directors, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of to the Committee. the corporation. The Committee on Studies shall be composed of five The Vice Presidents in order of seniority shall dis- members of the Board and such other members of the charge the duties of the President in his or her absence, Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. and shall perform such other duties as from time to time The Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer shall be assigned them by the Board of Directors. than 15 additional members, at least ten of whom are not The Treasurer shall have custody of the funds of the members of the Board. All suggestions relating to matters corporation. of research shall be referred to it, and it shall be responsi- The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the ble for the initiation of research projects. The Committee corporation, and shall keep its records. on Studies shall submit regular reports of its activities to the Board. VIII. The Board shall appoint the Editor of Foreign Except as otherwise provided above, a co-opted Com- Affairs and the Director of Studies, if any, and shall annu- mittee member shall serve for such term as the Commit- ally fix their compensation. tee co-opting him or her shall determine, and during such term shall have the same rights and obligations as other IX. The funds of the corporation shall be invested by Committee members. One-third of the Directors and co- the Committee on Finance and Budget or shall be opted members, duly elected or appointed, shall consti- deposited with trust companies or banking institutions tute a quorum at any meeting of any Committee. designated by either the Board of Directors or the Com- Participation by conference telephone, or similar commu- mittee on Finance and Budget. Disbursements shall be nication equipment allowing all persons participating in made only upon checks or vouchers approved by any one the meeting to hear one another at the same time, shall of the following for amounts up to $5,000 and by any two constitute presence in person at a meeting. of the following for amounts of $5,000 and over: the Pres- ident, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, the VII. The Officers of the corporation shall be a Chair- Director of Finance, the Editor of Foreign Affairs, and such man of the Board, one or more Vice Chairmen, a Presi- other employees of the corporation as may from time to dent, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, time be designated by the Committee on Finance and and such other Officers as in the Board’s judgment may Budget. be required. The Board shall annually fix their compensa- tion. The Chairman of the Board shall be elected for a X. The Annual Meeting of the Board shall be held as term of five years and shall be eligible for reelection to a soon as practicable after the first day of September, as second term. The Chairman shall be eligible to complete determined by the Chairman of the Board. One-third of any such term without regard to By-Law limitations on the Directors in office shall constitute a quorum at any the number or tenure of Directors. Pending election of a meeting of the Board. Chairman to a five-year term and subject to the By-Law limitation on the number of Directors, for purposes of XI. These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting of assuring an orderly transition in governance, the Board the Board of Directors, provided notice of the proposed may elect a Chairman and/or Vice Chairman to serve, on amendment shall have been given at a previous meeting an interim basis, for one or more terms of up to 12 months or circulated in writing to the members of the Board not each. The Chairman and any Vice Chairman shall be eli- less than five days in advance. gible for election to any such term, on an interim basis, without regard to By-Law limitations on the tenure of XII. Any person made, or threatened to be made, a Directors or Officers. The other Officers of the corporation party to any action or proceeding, whether civil or crimi- shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors. nal, by reason of the fact that he or she, his or her testator The Chairman of the Board, or in his or her absence, a or intestate, is or was a Director or Officer of the Council, Vice Chairman designated by the Chairman, may call shall be indemnified by the Council, and his or her meetings of the Board and shall preside at all meetings of expenses incurred in defending such an action or pro- the Board of Directors. ceeding shall be advanced by the Council, to the full The President, subject to the overall direction of the extent authorized or permitted by law.

87 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

The following items describe important Rules, Guide- and broadcast on electronic media and/or covered in the lines, and Practices of the Council on Foreign Relations, print media with the agreement of the speaker and with which members and staff should familiarize them- advance announcement to other participants. selves. “Notwithstanding the above Rule, the Board of Direc- tors may, from time to time, prescribe rules governing the Rule on Foreign Policy Positions subsequent release of any Council records. The following has been the policy of the Council since its “While the substance of the above Rule has been in origin, reconfirmed by resolution of the Board of Direc- effect since the formation of the Council, its present for- tors on September 11, 1973: mulation was adopted by the Board of Directors on June “The Council shall not take any position on questions 6, 1977, on the recommendation of a special Advisory of foreign policy, and no person is authorized to speak, or Panel on the Non-Attribution Rule, and subsequently purport to speak, for the Council on such matters.” amended on June 7, 1994. The minutes of the June 1977 meeting contain the following explanatory comments Rule on Non-Attribution about the Rule: “The Council is a research and educational institution. “The report recognizes that ‘media’ and ‘public forum’ Everyone who participates in a Council meeting is are vague terms. But they can nevertheless be rationally encouraged to use and disseminate ideas and informa- interpreted in the light of the purpose of the Rule. For tion developed in the meeting. It is recognized, at the example, the reformulation would make it legitimate for same time, that many Council guests and members are, a U.S. governmental official to report by memo to his col- by reason of their governmental or other institutional leagues and superiors what he learned at a Council meet- affiliations, subject to inevitable constraints upon their ing. Similarly, the reformulation recognizes that a lawyer latitude to express opinions, take positions, or offer tenta- may give such a memo to his partners, or a corporate offi- tive judgments on public affairs issues if they are speak- cer to other corporate officers. It would not be in compli- ing in a public forum or if their statements will be later ance with the reformulated Rule, however, for any attributed to them in public media or a public forum. meeting participant (i) to publish a speaker’s statement in “Full freedom of expression is encouraged at Council attributed form in a newspaper; (ii) to repeat it on televi- meetings. Participants are assured that they may speak sion or radio, or on a speaker’s platform, or in a class- openly, as it is the tradition of the Council that others will room; or (iii) to go beyond a memo of limited circulation, not attribute or characterize their statements in public by distributing the attributed statement in a company or media or forums or knowingly transmit them to persons government agency newsletter. The language of the Rule who will. All participants are expected to honor that com- also goes out of its way to make it clear that a meeting mitment. participant is forbidden knowingly to transmit the attrib- “An appropriate officer of the Council may, however, uted statement to a newspaper reporter or other such per- by advance announcement declare this Rule inapplicable son who is likely to publish it in a public medium. The in whole or in part to any particular Council meeting, and essence of the Rule as reformulated is simple enough: the presentation portion of the meeting may be recorded participants in Council meetings should not pass along

88 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices an attributed statement in circumstances where there is secure the permission of the Council department organ- substantial risk that it will promptly be widely circulated izing the meeting and acquaint their guests with the or published.” Council’s Non-Attribution Rule governing what is said at meetings. Guidelines on Meetings By resolution adopted on February 28, 1972, as subse- Rule on Conflicts of Interest quently amended, the Board of Directors has prescribed By resolution of the Council’s Board of Directors, adopted the following Guidelines governing Council meetings: January 28, 1992, the following policy concerning actual “The purpose of meetings sponsored by the Council or potential conflicts of interest was approved: on Foreign Relations is to promote understanding of international affairs through the free interchange of ideas “1. It is the policy of the Council on Foreign Relations among participants. that the Board, officers, and staff of the Council be sensi- “In order to encourage to the fullest a free, frank, and tive to conflict-of-interest issues. open exchange of ideas in Council meetings, the Board of “2. Any potential conflict of interest shall be disclosed Directors has prescribed, in addition to the Non-Attribu- to an Officer of the Board by the person concerned. When tion Rule, the following guidelines. All participants in relevant to a matter requiring action by the Board, the Council meetings are expected to be familiar with and person concerned shall absent him- or herself from the adhere to these Guidelines. final discussion of such matter, and shall not vote thereon, “1. Since the Council invites guests representing many and the minutes of the meeting shall so disclose. When different viewpoints, since it selects topics regardless of, there is doubt as to whether a conflict of interest exists, or because of, their controversiality, and since there is a the matter shall be resolved by vote of the Board, exclud- wide divergence of viewpoints among members, it is to ing the person concerning whose situation the doubt has be expected that Council meetings will sometimes be arisen. marked by sharp dispute. “3. This resolution shall remain in full force and effect “2. Meetings chairmen are expected to stimulate open unless and until modified by vote of the Board, and a expression of opinion by all participants and should not copy hereof shall be furnished to each officer or director attempt to mute controversy or stifle differences of view- at the time of his or her election or appointment to or by point where they exist. To this end it is the responsibility the Board and any renewal thereof, and to each person of chairmen to see to it that all viewpoints expressed are who is now or hereafter may become a member of the treated with respect and that parliamentary decorum is staff. The policy shall in an appropriate manner be maintained. reviewed annually for the information and guidance of directors, officers, and staff.” “3. Principal speakers should expect to be questioned vigorously on any point relevant to their intellectual Archival Practice interest, experience, or expertise in international affairs. It By resolution of the Council’s Board of Directors, adopted is recognized, however, that some speakers, particularly June 3, 1999, all substantive records of the Council more those holding official positions, may not feel free to than 25 years old are open for reference use during library answer some questions, and, in such case, their declina- hours at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at tion will be respected.” Princeton University, subject to the following proviso: Apart from the traditional meetings for spouses and “As a condition of use, the officers of the Council shall for sons and daughters of the members, occasional require each user of Council records to execute a prior meetings are also open to guests of members. Guest written commitment that he or she will not directly or privileges are for those who have special expertise or indirectly attribute to any living person any assertion of experience that relates directly to the meeting, as well as fact or opinion based upon any Council record without the general qualifications of potential candidates for first obtaining from such person his or her written con- Council membership. Members bringing guests should sent thereto.”

89 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Directors David Rockefeller 1949–85 Elliot L. Richardson 1974–75 Isaiah Bowman 1921–50 W. Averell Harriman 1950–55 Franklin Hall Williams 1975–83 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1921–28 Joseph E. Johnson 1950–74 Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 1975–86 Paul D. Cravath 1921–40 Grayson Kirk 1950–73 Paul A. Volcker 1975–79, John W. Davis 1921–55 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–58 1988–99 Norman H. Davis 1921–44 Elliott V. Bell 1953–66 Theodore M. Hesburgh 1976–85 Stephen P. Duggan 1921–50 John J. McCloy 1953–72 Lane Kirkland 1976–86 John H. Finley 1921–29 Arthur H. Dean 1955–72 George H.W. Bush 1977–79 Edwin F. Gay 1921–45 Charles M. Spofford 1955–72 Lloyd N. Cutler 1977–79 David F. Houston 1921–27 Adlai E. Stevenson 1958–62 Philip L. Geyelin 1977–87 Otto H. Kahn 1921–34 William C. Foster 1959–72 Henry A. Kissinger 1977–81 Frank L. Polk 1921–43 Caryl P. Haskins 1961–75 Winston Lord 1977–85 Whitney H. Shepardson 1921–66 James A. Perkins 1963–79 Stephen Stamas 1977–89 William R. Shepherd 1921–27 William P. Bundy 1964–74 Marina v.N. Whitman 1977–87 Paul M. Warburg 1921–32 Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 C. Peter McColough 1978–87 George W. Wickersham 1921–36 Carroll L. Wilson 1964–79 Richard L. Gelb 1979–88 Allen W. Dulles 1927–69 Douglas Dillon 1965–78 Graham T. Allison Jr. 1979–88 Russell C. Leffingwell 1927–60 Henry R. Labouisse 1965–74 William D. Ruckelshaus 1979–83 George O. May 1927–53 Robert V. Roosa 1966–81 James F. Hoge Jr. 1980–84 Wesley C. Mitchell 1927–34 Lucian W. Pye 1966–82 George P. Shultz 1980–82 Owen D. Young 1927–40 Alfred C. Neal 1967–76 William D. Rogers 1980–90 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1928–72 Bill Moyers 1967–74 Walter B. Wriston 1981–87 Charles P. Howland 1929–31 Cyrus R. Vance 1968–76, Lewis T. Preston 1981–88 Walter Lippmann 1932–37 1981–87 Warren Christopher 1982–91 Clarence M. Woolley 1932–35 Hedley Donovan 1969–79 Alan Greenspan 1982–88 Frank Altschul 1934–72 Najeeb E. Halaby 1970–72 Robert A. Scalapino 1982–89 Philip C. Jessup 1934–42 Bayless Manning 1971–77 Harold Brown 1983–92 Harold W. Dodds 1935–43 W. Michael Blumenthal 1972–77, Stanley Hoffmann 1983–92 Leon Fraser 1936–45 1979–84 Juanita M. Kreps 1983–89 John H. Williams 1937–64 Zbigniew Brzezinski 1972–77 Brent Scowcroft 1983–89 Lewis W. Douglas 1940–64 Elizabeth Drew 1972–77 Clifton R. Wharton Jr. 1983–92 Edward Warner 1940–49 George S. Franklin 1972–83 Donald F. McHenry 1984–93 Clarence E. Hunter 1942–53 Marshall D. Shulman 1972–77 B.R. Inman 1985–93 Myron C. Taylor 1943–59 Martha Redfield Wallace 1972–82 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1985–94 Henry M. Wriston 1943–67 Paul C. Warnke 1972–77 Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Thomas K. Finletter 1944–67 Peter G. Peterson 1973–83, Charles McC. Mathias Jr. 1986–92 William A.M. Burden 1945–74 1984– Ruben F. Mettler 1986–92 Walter H. Mallory 1945–68 Robert O. Anderson 1974–80 James E. Burke 1987–95 Philip D. Reed 1945–69 Edward K. Hamilton 1974–83 Richard B. Cheney 1987–89, Winfield W. Riefler 1945–50 Harry C. McPherson Jr. 1974–77 1993–95

90 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Robert F. Erburu 1987–98 Laura D’Andrea Tyson 1997– Executive Vice President Karen Elliott House 1987–98 Roone Arledge 1998– John Temple Swing 1986–93 Glenn E. Watts 1987–90 Diane Sawyer 1998–99 Thomas S. Foley 1988–94 Martin S. Feldstein 1998– Senior Vice Presidents James D. Robinson III 1988–91 Bette Bao Lord 1998– Alton Frye 1993–98 Strobe Talbott 1988–93 Michael H. Moskow 1998– Kenneth H. Keller 1993–95 John L. Clendenin 1989–94 John Deutch 1999– Larry L. Fabian 1994–95 William S. Cohen 1989–97 Robert E. Rubin 2000– Michael P. Peters 1995– Joshua Lederberg 1989–98 Andrew Young 2000– Paula J. Dobriansky 2001 John S. Reed 1989–92 Kenneth M. Duberstein 2001– Charles G. Boyd 2001– Alice M. Rivlin 1989–92 Henry S. Bienen 2001– William J. Crowe Jr. 1990–93 Joan E. Spero 2001– Vice Presidents Thomas R. Donahue 1990–2001 Vin Weber 2001– Paul D. Cravath 1921–33 Richard C. Holbrooke 1991–93, Chairmen of the Board Norman H. Davis 1933–36 1996–99, Edwin F. Gay 1933–40 2001– Russell C. Leffingwell 1946–53 Frank L. Polk 1940–43 Robert D. Hormats 1991– John J. McCloy 1953–70 Russell C. Leffingwell 1943–44 John E. Bryson 1992– David Rockefeller 1970–85 Allen W. Dulles 1944–46 Maurice R. Greenberg 1992– Peter G. Peterson 1985– Isaiah Bowman 1945–49 Karen N. Horn 1992–95 Vice Chairmen Henry M. Wriston 1950–51 James R. Houghton 1992–96 of the Board David Rockefeller 1950–70 Charlayne Hunter-Gault 1992–98 Grayson Kirk 1971–73 Frank Altschul 1951–71 Kenneth W. Dam 1992–2001 Cyrus R. Vance 1973–76, Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 Donna E. Shalala 1992–93 1985–87 David W. MacEachron 1972–74 Alton Frye 1993 Douglas Dillon 1976–78 John Temple Swing 1972–86 Richard N. Cooper 1993–94 Carroll L. Wilson 1978–79 Alton Frye 1987–93 Rita E. Hauser 1993–97 Warren Christopher 1987–91 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 E. Gerald Corrigan 1993–95 Harold Brown 1991–92 John A. Millington 1987–96 Leslie H. Gelb 1993–2001 B.R. Inman 1992–93 Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1987–93 Paul A. Allaire 1993– Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1993–94 Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94 Robert E. Allen 1993–96 Maurice R. Greenberg 1994– Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Theodore C. Sorensen 1993– Carla A. Hills 2001– Abraham F. Lowenthal 1995– Garrick Utley 1993– Janice L. Murray 1995– Carla A. Hills 1994– Presidents David J. Vidal 1995–97 Helene L. Kaplan 1994–96 John W. Davis 1921–33 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Frank G. Zarb 1994–96 George W. Wickersham 1933–36 Frederick C. Broda 1996–97 Robert B. Zoellick 1994–2001 Norman H. Davis 1936–44 Kenneth Maxwell 1996 Les Aspin 1995 Russell C. Leffingwell 1944–46 Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 Mario L. Baeza 1995–2001 Allen W. Dulles 1946–50 David Kellogg 1997– Peggy Dulany 1995– Henry M. Wriston 1951–64 Paula J. Dobriansky 1997–2001 Jessica P. Einhorn 1995– Grayson Kirk 1964–71 Anne R. Luzzatto 1998– William J. McDonough 1995– Bayless Manning 1971–77 Lawrence J. Korb 1998– Frank Savage 1995– Winston Lord 1977–85 Elise Carlson Lewis 1999– George Soros 1995– John Temple Swing* 1985–86 Hannah Holborn Gray 1995–98 Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Executive Directors George J. Mitchell 1995– Alton Frye 1993 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1922–28 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 1995– Leslie H. Gelb 1993– Malcolm W. Davis 1925–27 Lee Cullum 1996– Walter H. Mallory 1927–59 Vincent A. Mai 1997– Honorary President George S. Franklin 1953–71 Warren B. Rudman 1997– Elihu Root 1921–37

91 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Secretaries David Woodbridge 1989–94 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 Janice L. Murray 1994– Kenneth Maxwell 1996 Allen W. Dulles 1933–44 Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 Editors of Foreign Affairs Frank Altschul 1944–72 Lawrence J. Korb 1998– John Temple Swing 1972–87 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1922–28 Directors Judith Gustafson 1987–2000 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1928–72 of Meetings Lilita V. Gusts 2000– William P. Bundy 1972–84 William G. Hyland 1984–92 George S. Franklin 1949–50 Treasurers James F. Hoge Jr. 1992– William Henderson 1952–54, Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 1955–56 Directors of Studies Whitney H. Shepardson 1933–42 Melvin Conant 1954–55,* Clarence E. Hunter 1942–51 Percy W. Bidwell 1937–53 1956–57,* Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 Philip E. Mosely 1955–63 1957–59 Elliott V. Bell 1952–64 Richard H. Ullman 1973–76 George V. H. Moseley III 1959–62 Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 Abraham F. Lowenthal 1976–77 Harry Boardman 1962–69 Peter G. Peterson 1981–85 John C. Campbell 1977–78 Zygmunt Nagorski Jr. 1969–78 C. Peter McColough 1985–87 Paul H. Kreisberg 1981–87 Marilyn Berger 1978–79 Lewis T. Preston 1987–88 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1979–93 James E. Burke 1988–89 Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94 Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Kenneth H. Keller* 1994–95 Anne R. Luzzatto 1998–

*Pro-tempore January 23, 2001, Meeting of the Board of Directors

Top Row (L-R): Theodore C. Sorensen, Lee Cullum, Jessica P. Einhorn, Peter G. Peterson, and Leslie H. Gelb at the January 23, 2001, Meeting Robert E. Rubin, Bette Bao Lord, Martin S. Feldstein, George Soros, and of the Board of Directors. Not pictured: Roone Arledge, John E. Bryson, Vincent A. Mai. Middle Row (L-R): Garrick Utley, Paul A. Allaire, Peggy Dulany, Louis V. Gerstner Jr., Robert D. Hormats, William J. Carla A. Hills, Thomas R. Donahue, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Mario L. McDonough, George J. Mitchell, Michael H. Moskow, Warren B. Rud- Baeza, and Kenneth W. Dam. Bottom Row (L-R): Maurice R. Greenberg, man, Frank Savage, Andrew Young, and Robert B. Zoellick.

92 \ Budget and Finance

Thanks to the diversity of the Council's financial resources The major construction projects in the New York and and the steadfast support of its members, the Council Washington offices are now complete. Our physical plants maintained an operating surplus—$1.4 million this year— are sound and our infrastructure up-to-date. We have for the eighth year in a row. endowment funds and term grants in hand to cover our The Council's investment portfolio stood at $140.5 institutional priorities for the next several years. And we million as of June 30, 2001. The Council has been well- have budgeted conservatively to meet our operating guided through the ups and downs of the past year by the needs. So we believe that, whatever the financial weather Finance and Budget Committee, chaired by William in the coming year, the Council is well-positioned to McDonough, and by the Investment Subcommittee, pursue its goals. chaired by J. Tomilson Hill. We are deeply grateful for Janice L. Murray their dedication to the Council's financial well-being. Vice President and Treasurer

Statement of Financial Position

June 30, 2001, with summarized financial information at June 30, 2000

2001 2000 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 13,055,100 $ 12,460,000 Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses 627,400 731,600 Grants and contributions receivable, current portion (Note 5) 5,044,600 4,526,900 Inventories, at lower of cost or market 179,700 180,300 Grants and contributions receivable, long-term portion (Note 5) 556,300 836,300 Contributions receivable for endowment and capital expenditures (Note 5) 4,102,500 663,100 Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, net (Note 6) 23,323,500 23,705,500 Investments (Note 3) 83,881,200 83,052,400 Investments to be held in perpetuity (Note 3) 56,622,900 48,483,200 Total assets $187,393,200 $174,639,300

Liabilities and net assets Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 3,234,900 $ 2,299,000 Deferred subscription revenue 2,434,000 2,326,200 Accrued postretirement benefits (Note 8) 1,800,000 1,802,000 Total liabilities 7,468,900 6,427,200

Net assets (Notes 9 and 10): Unrestricted 77,370,300 78,036,800 Temporarily restricted 41,828,600 41,073,500 Permanently restricted 60,725,400 49,101,800 Total net assets 179,924,300 168,212,100 Total liabilities and net assets $187,393,200 $174,639,300

See accompanying notes.

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Statement of Activities

Year ended June 30, 2001, with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2000

2001 Temporarily Permanently 2000 Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Total Operating revenue, support, and reclassifications Membership dues $ 3,032,600 $ 3,032,600 $ 2,459,400 Annual giving 2,826,400 2,826,400 2,349,600 Corporate memberships and related income 2,570,600 $ 152,200 2,722,800 2,680,900 Meetings 1,032,700 1,032,700 702,500 International Affairs Fellowships 344,300 344,300 355,400 Grants and contributions for Studies 6,705,000 6,705,000 5,104,300 Other grants and contributions 898,800 898,800 1,146,500 Foreign Affairs 4,447,100 4,447,100 4,811,400 Book publication 67,600 67,600 104,500 Investment income allocation (Note 4) 3,600,000 2,324,300 5,924,300 5,433,000 Miscellaneous 672,600 200,000 872,600 771,900 Total operating revenue and support 18,249,600 10,624,600 28,874,200 25,919,400 Net assets released from restrictions (Note 9) 8,059,000 (8,059,000) — — Total operating revenue, support, and reclassifications 26,308,600 2,565,600 28,874,200 25,919,400

Operating expenses Program expenses: Studies Program 9,426,800 9,426,800 8,993,200 Meetings Program 3,300,500 3,300,500 3,434,400 Foreign Affairs 4,597,000 4,597,000 4,659,300 Book publication 542,000 542,000 445,200 National Program 584,400 584,400 469,400 International Affairs Fellowships 750,000 750,000 729,600 Communications 480,900 480,900 395,000 Total program expenses 19,681,600 19,681,600 19,126,100

Supporting services: Management and general 3,767,600 3,767,600 3,469,200 Membership 444,000 444,000 472,300 Fund-raising: Development 346,700 346,700 344,000 Corporate Program 624,500 624,500 636,500 Total fund-raising 971,200 971,200 980,500 Total supporting services expenses 5,182,800 5,182,800 4,922,000

Total operating expenses 24,864,400 24,864,400 24,048,100

Excess of operating revenue, support, and reclassifications over operating expenses carried forward 1,444,200 2,565,600 4,009,800 1,871,300

94 Budget and Finance

Statement of Activities (continued)

2001 Temporarily Permanently 2000 Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Total Excess of operating revenue, support, and reclassifications over operating expenses brought forward $ 1,444,200 $ 2,565,600 $ 4,009,800 $ 1,871,300

Nonoperating revenue (Note 2) Investment income in excess of (less than) spending rate (Note 4) (2,110,700) (1,810,500) (3,921,200) 5,223,700 Endowment contributions $11,623,600 11,623,600 909,000 Total nonoperating revenue (2,110,700) (1,810,500) 11,623,600 7,702,400 6,132,700

Change in net assets (666,500) 755,100 11,623,600 11,712,200 8,004,000 Net assets at the beginning of the year 78,036,800 41,073,500 49,101,800 168,212,100 160,208,100 Net assets at the end of the year $77,370,300 $41,828,600 $60,725,400 $179,924,300 $168,212,100

See accompanying notes.

Statement of Cash Flows

Year ended June 30, 2001, with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2000

2001 2000 Operating activities Change in net assets $11,712,200 $8,004,000 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 1,490,500 1,370,400 Net realized and unrealized loss (gain) on investments 77,500 (9,037,400) Contributions restricted for investment in endowment (11,623,600) (909,000) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses 104,200 193,200 Grants and contributions receivable (237,700) 857,900 Inventories 600 126,700 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 935,900 (115,700) Deferred subscription revenue 107,800 270,000 Accrued postretirement benefits (2,000) (15,000) Net cash provided by operating activities 2,565,400 745,100

95 Budget and Finance

Statement of Cash Flows (continued)

2001 2000 Investing activities Purchases of building, building improvements, and equipment > (1,108,500) $ (2,503,900) Purchases of investments (119,686,000) (61,752,900) Proceeds from sales of investments 110,640,000 62,256,500 Net cash used in investing activities (10,154,500) (2,000,300) Financing activities Contributions restricted for investment in endowment 8,184,200 505,000 Contributions for capital expenditures 455,400 Net cash provided by financing activities 8,184,200 960,400

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 595,100 (294,800) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 12,460,000 12,754,800 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 13,055,100 $ 12,460,000

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Non-cash investing and financing activity: Contributions receivable for investment in endowment $ 4,102,500 $ 618,500 Contributions receivable for capital expenditures $ $ 44,600 See accompanying notes.

Notes to Financial Statements June 30, 2001 1. Organization The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. (the "Council"), headquartered in New York City, is a nonprofit and nonpartisan membership organization dedicated to improving the understanding of U.S. foreign policy and international affairs through the exchange of ideas. The Council, established in 1921, serves as a center for scholarship and policy analysis, mobilizing resident senior staff, members, and other experts in dialogue, study, and the publications programs. It serves as a membership organization, comprising an ever-more diverse and multiprofessional community of men and women involved in international affairs. The Council also serves as a public education organization, reaching out nationally and internationally to disseminate ideas and collaborate with other institutions. The Council is a Section 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") and is a publicly supported organization as described in Section 509(a)(1) of the Code. The Council is also exempt from state and local income taxes. It is subject to tax on unrelated business income, which has not been significant.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fund Accounting and Net Asset Classifications The Council considers all contributions and grants to be available for unrestricted use unless specifically restricted by the donor or grantor. Endowment contributions are invested, and pursuant to the Council's 5% policy (see Note 4), an investment allocation is made for general purposes (unrestricted) and specific program activities (temporarily restricted). In the accompanying financial statements, funds that have similar characteristics have been combined into three net asset classes: unrestricted, temporarily restricted, and permanently restricted. Unrestricted net assets represent funds that are fully available, at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors, for the Council to utilize in any of its program or supporting services. Temporarily restricted net assets comprise funds that are restricted by donors for a specific time period or purpose. Permanently restricted net assets consist of funds that must be maintained intact in perpetuity, but permit the Council to expend part or all of the income derived from the investment of the donated assets for either specified or unspecified purposes.

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Support and Revenue Contributions, including a portion of membership dues, are recorded when received unconditionally, at their fair value. Gifts received with donor stipulations that limit the use of donated assets are reported as either temporarily or permanently restricted support. When a donor restriction expires, that is, when a time restriction ends or purpose restriction is fulfilled, temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified as unrestricted net assets and reported in the statement of activities as net assets released from restrictions. It is the Council's policy to imply a time restriction on gifts of long-lived assets and contributions to be used to acquire long-lived assets in the absence of explicit donor restrictions to that effect. Conditional contributions, such as grants with matching requirements, are recognized in the appropriate net asset class when the conditions have been met. Payments for subscriptions to Foreign Affairs are recognized as revenue over the period during which the subscriptions are fulfilled. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Council considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less, excluding cash equivalents held as investments, to be cash equivalents. Investments The Council's investments are recorded at their fair values, which are based on quoted market prices for individual debt and marketable equity securities. The Council's hedge funds, which consist of interests in investment limited partnerships and investment companies, are carried as follows: • The Council's investments in investment companies, represented by share ownership, are carried at the aggregate net asset value of the shares held by the Council. The net asset value is based on the net market value of the investment company's investment portfolio as determined by the management of the investment company. • The carrying values of investments in investment limited partnerships reflect the Council's net contributions to the respective partnerships and its share of realized and unrealized investment income and expenses of the respective partnerships. Investments held by the investment limited partnerships generally are carried at fair value as determined by the respective general partners. Land, Buildings and Building Improvements, and Equipment The Council follows the practice of capitalizing expenditures for land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, and generally depreciates these assets on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (see Note 6). The fair value of donated property and equipment is similarly capitalized and depreciated. Measure of Operations The Council includes in its definition of operations all revenues and expenses that are an integral part of its programs and supporting activities, including an authorized investment income allocation (see Note 4) and all contributions except for those that are restricted for capital expenditures or have been permanently restricted by donors. Investment income, including net realized and unrealized gains and losses, earned in excess of (or less than) the Council's aggregate authorized spending amount, contributions for capital expenditures, and contributions to permanently restricted net assets are recognized as nonoperating activity. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 2000 Summarized Financial Information The financial statements include certain prior year summarized comparative information in total but not by net asset class. Such information does not include sufficient detail to constitute a presentation in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Accordingly, such information should be read in conjunction with the Council's financial statements for the year ended June 30,2000, from which the summarized information was derived.

3. Investments The components of the Council's long-term investments were as follows:

June 30 2001 2000 Cost Carrying Value Cost Carrying Value Domestic equity securities $ 47,654,000 $ 48,256,000 53,455,900 60,048,400 International equity securities 19,292,700 18,866,200 16,418,200 18,810,700 Foreign and corporate bonds 13,023,800 12,971,400 9,936,300 9,802,000 U.S. government agency obligations 15,173,500 15,429,700 10,755,900 10,434,000 Hedge funds 30,803,600 39,534,300 24,081,000 26,884,800 Money market funds 5,446,500 5,446,500 5,555,700 5,555,700 Total $131,394,100 $140,504,100 $120,203,000 $131,535,600

97 Budget and Finance

The hedge funds in which the Council has invested may trade various financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include securities sold short and long, options contracts, and foreign currency forward contracts. Such transactions subject the hedge funds and their investors to market risk associated with changes in the value of the underlying securities, financial instruments, and foreign currencies, as well as the risk of loss if a counterparty fails to perform. The respective hedge fund managers endeavor to limit the risk associated with such transactions.

4. Investment Allocation It is a Council policy to make an annual investment allocation for the support of operations at 5% of the average market value of the investments for the three previous years. Amounts allocated to the unrestricted and temporarily restricted net asset classes are at the discretion of the Council. In 2000, additional gains of $577,300 were utilized to fulfill donor restrictions. Investment income has been reported as follows: Year ended June 30 2001 2000 Temporarily Unrestricted Restricted Total Total Dividends and interest, net of invest­ ment expenses of $856,100 and $746,600 in 2001 and 2000, respectively $ 1,546,900 $ 533,700 $ 2,080,600 $ 1,619,300 Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains (57,600) (19,900) (77,500) 9,037,400 Total return on investments 1,489,300 513,800 2,003,100 10,656,700 Investment return used for current operations (3,600,000) (2,324,300) (5,924,300) (5,433,000) Investment return in excess of (less than) amounts used for current operations $(2,110,700) $(1,810,500) $(3,921,200) $ 5,223,700

5. Grants and Contributions Receivable Receivables consist substantially of promises to give and are due from individuals, corporations, and foundations. Contributions receivable for endowment and capital expenditures are primarily due within one year. Grants and contributions receivable are due to be collected as follows: June 30 2001 2000 Less than one year $9,147,100 $5,190,000 One to five years 649,900 1,000,000 9,797,000 6,190,000 Less discount (using 6% rate) 93,600 163,700 Grants and contributions receivable, net $9,703,400 $6,026,300

6. Land, Buildings and Building Improvements, and Equipment Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, at cost, are summarized as follows: June 30 Estimated 2001 2000 Useful Life Land $ 1,854,300 f 1,854,300 Buildings and building improvements 25,593,400 25,201,600 10-55 years Equipment 6,903,100 6,186,400 3-15 years 34,350,800 33,242,300 Less accumulated depreciation 11,027,300 9,536,800 $23,323,500 $23,705,500

7. Retirement Plan The Council has a defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees who meet the minimum service requirements. Payments, which are 12.5% of each participant's salary hired prior to July 1,1998, and 10% for each participant hired after this date, are made to Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and College Retirement Equity Fund to purchase individual annuities for plan members. The expense for the plan was $744,400 for 2001 and $706,900 for 2000. Participants must contribute 2.5% of their salaries and have the option to make additional contributions on their own behalf.

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8. Other Postretirement Benefits The Council provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. Employees are eligible for those benefits when they meet the criteria for retirement under the pension plan.

The following table presents the plan's related disclosures under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 132, Employers' Disclosures About Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, as accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions: June 30 2001 2000 Benefit obligation $2,116,000 $1,757,000 Fair value of plan assets — — Unfunded status $2,116,000 $1,757,000 Accrued postretirement benefit cost in the statement of financial position $1,800,000 $1,802,000

For the year ended Benefit cost $170,000 $ 130,000 Benefits paid $172,000 $ 145,000

Weighted average assumptions Discount rate 7.50% 7.75% For purposes of calculating the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost, the average annual assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of medical and dental benefits is 6% for 2001 and 2000 and remaining at 6% hereafter.

9. Temporarily Restricted Net Assets Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted for the following purposes or time periods: June 30 2001 2000 Studies $25,936,600 $23,567,400 International Affairs Fellowships 3,723,100 4,691,900 Meetings 3,355,300 3,489,700 Studies—Next Generation 3,176,000 3,551,700 Capital expenditures 5,637,600 5,772,800 $41,828,600 $41,073,500

Temporarily restricted net assets were released from restrictions for the fulfillment of the following during the years ended June 30: 2001 2000 Purposes and time periods: Studies $5,943,800 $6,083,400 International Affairs Fellowships 547,600 627,100 Meetings 956,200 726,000 Studies—Next Generation 83,000 63,500 Capital expenditures 248,100 248,100 Other 280,300 273,400 $8,059,000 $8,021,500

The amounts released from restrictions of $8,059,000 and $8,021,500 in 2001 and 2000, respectively, primarily represent revenue in prior years and expended in 2001 and 2000, respectively.

99 Budget and Finance

10. Permanently Restricted Net Assets Income earned on permanently restricted net assets is restricted for the following purposes: June 30 2001 2000 Studies $35,149,600 $24,415,100 International Affairs Fellowships 6,066,100 6,066,100 Meetings 3,502,700 3,502,700 Library 1,021,000 156,700 Unrestricted as to use 14,986,000 14,961,200 $60,725,400 $49,101,800

Iff ERNST & YOUNG LI P

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

Board of Directors Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. as of June 30, 2001, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Council's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The prior year summarized comparative information has been derived from the Council's 2000 financial statements and, in our report dated August 14, 2000, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. at June 30, 2001, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

JO>A*K^ y TAu^u? August 14, 2001

100 Staff

Executive Office Celia Whitaker Associate Editor Rosemary Hartman Assistant to the Editor Leslie H. Gelb President Ann H. Coleman Assistant to the Managing Editor Michael P. Peters Senior Vice President and Traci C. Nagle Production Editor Chief Operating Officer Siddharth Mohandas Academic Year Intern Janice L. Murray Vice President and Treasurer, and Deputy Chief Operating Officer Publishing Elva Murphy Assistant to the President David Kellogg Publisher Amanda Edwards Assistant to the Senior Vice President Eugenia Hsu Circulation Manager and Chief Operating Officer Nina Johns Circulation Assistant Chong-Lim Lee Assistant to the Vice President Joseph D’Amico Anthology Production Coordinator and Treasurer William Ledbetter Advertising Manager Lilita V. Gusts Secretary of the Corporation Michael Pasuit Advertising Marketing Coordinator Jeffrey A. Reinke Director of Special Programs Melsha Winchester Advertising Assistant John A. Millington Counselor to the Chairman Nancy Barra Assistant to the Publisher and President John Temple Swing Of Counsel Studies Program Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Alton Frye Presidential Senior Fellow and Director of Studies Office Director, Congress and U.S. Lawrence J. Korb Vice President/Maurice R. Greenberg Foreign Policy Chair, Director of Studies, and Leigh Morris Sloane Assistant Director Director, National Security Studies Judith Adams Assistant to the Vice President Center for Preventive Action and Director of Studies William L. Nash Director and Senior Fellow Theophilos C. Gemelas Associate Director of Studies David L. Phillips Deputy Director and Senior Fellow April Palmerlee Kathleen Jennings Program Associate Alicia Siebenaler Assistant to the Associate Director of Studies Communications Jean-Michel Oriol Budget Coordinator William Diebold Jr. Senior Fellow Emeritus Lisa Shields Acting Director Marie X. Strauss Deputy Director Africa Cree Frappier Website Coordinator Gwendolyn Mikell Senior Fellow Mahesh K. Kotecha Adjunct Senior Fellow Foreign Affairs Vanessa Pokorny Research Associate Editorial Asia James F. Hoge Jr. Editor, Peter G. Peterson Chair Robert A. Manning C.V. Starr Senior Fellow for Asia Gideon Rose Managing Editor Studies and Director, Asia Studies Jonathan D. Tepperman Senior Editor Elizabeth C. Economy Senior Fellow, China Studies, Helen Fessenden Associate Editor and Deputy Director, Asia Studies

101 Staff

Eric Aldrich Research Associate Middle East Jerome A. Cohen Senior Fellow, Asia Studies Richard W. Murphy Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow Pilar Pereyra Research Associate for the Middle East and Director, International Economics Middle East Studies Sarah Saghir Research Associate Caroline Atkinson Senior Fellow, International Judith Kipper Director, Middle East Forum Economics Pauline Shams Program Associate Anne Alikonis Research Associate Henry Siegman Senior Fellow and Director, Jagdish N. Bhagwati André Meyer Senior Fellow, U.S./Middle East Project International Economics Scott Lasensky Assistant Director, U.S./Middle East Olivia Carballo Research Associate Project Holly Waeger Research Associate Marie-Josée Kravis Adjunct Senior Fellow, Economics National Security Roger M. Kubarych Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Lawrence J. Korb Director, National Security Studies Fellow in International Economics Alexandre L. Tiersky Research Associate and Finance Charles G. Boyd Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow Laura Winthrop Research Associate in National Security and European Ann R. Markusen Senior Fellow, Industrial Policy Affairs Benn Steil André Meyer Senior Fellow, Kenneth M. Pollack Senior Fellow, National Security International Economics Studies Matthew Rosenberg Research Associate Richard K. Betts Adjunct Senior Fellow, Bruce Stokes Adjunct Senior Fellow, Economic National Security Studies Studies: Trade Rachel Bronson Olin Fellow, National Security Mary Dinh Research Associate Studies Michael M. Weinstein BP Senior Fellow for International Stephen E. Flynn Senior Fellow, National Security Economics and Acting Studies Director, Geoeconomics Center Sean Burke Research Associate Europe Bernard E. Trainor Adjunct Senior Fellow Ronald D. Asmus Senior Fellow, Europe Studies David Stevens Research Associate Jessica Fugate Research Associate Marek Michalewski Research Associate Peace and Conflict Sheila Heslin Adjunct Senior Fellow Arthur C. Helton Senior Fellow, Refugee Studies Charles A. Kupchan Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow and Preventive Action, and Director, and Director, Europe Studies Peace and Conflict Studies Michael Mandelbaum Senior Fellow Marie Jeannot Assistant to the Senior Fellow for David Stevens Research Associate Refugee Studies and Preventive Stephen R. Sestanovich George F. Kennan Senior Fellow Action for Russian and Eurasian Studies Eliana Jacobs Research Associate Christine Evans Research Associate Robert A. Malley Senior Fellow Astrid S. Tuminez Adjunct Next Generation Fellow Robert P. DeVecchi Adjunct Senior Fellow, Refugees Nora Kahn Research Associate and the Displaced Radha Kumar Senior Fellow, Peace and Conflict Latin America Studies Kenneth R. Maxwell Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior David Pacheco Research Associate Fellow for Inter-American Studies, Ruth Wedgwood Senior Fellow, International and Director, Latin America Studies Organizations and Law Tomás Amorim Research Associate Jennifer Seymour Julia Sweig Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Whitaker Adjunct Senior Fellow Latin America Studies Kimberly Marten Zisk Fellow Jessica Duda Research Associate

102 Staff

Science and Technology Valerie Brazill Director of Special Events Richard L. Garwin Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow, Katherine Boyle Special Events Associate Science and Technology Kristine Haan Events Associate Jeremy Marwell Research Associate David G. Victor Robert W. Johnson Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology Washington Program Nora Kahn Research Associate Charles G. Boyd Senior Vice President and Director Jordan S. Kassalow Adjunct Senior Fellow Diane Long Executive Assistant Denise Gomes Research Associate Linda Harsh Associate Director Amy Drapeau Program Associate U.S. Foreign Policy Morton H. Halperin Senior Fellow Katsuhisa Furukawa Research Associate National Program Walter Russell Mead Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Irina A. Faskianos National Director Derek Lundy Research Associate Katherine Sobong Program Associate Joe T. Siegle Next Generation Fellow Silvia Fracchia Program Assistant Kiron Skinner Adjunct Next Generation Fellow David Pacheco Research Associate

Diplomat in Residence David Kellogg Vice President, Corporate Affairs, and Publisher Richard Butler Diplomat in Residence Nancy Barra Assistant to the Vice President, Leonardo Arriola Research Associate Corporate Affairs, and Publisher Visiting Fellows, 2001–2002 Corporate Affairs Robert L. McClure USA Military Fellow Christopher D. Miller USAF Military Fellow Jacqui Selbst Schein Director, Corporate Affairs F.J. Niner USN Military Fellow Alexandra Merle Corporate Affairs Associate Philip C. Rudder USMC Military Fellow Marta Chylinska Corporate Affairs Associate Greta Lundeberg Program Associate Guillermo S. Council Publishing Christensen Intelligence Fellow Calvin Sims Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow Patricia Lee Dorff Director of Publishing Sandra Enimil Program Associate Kimberly Fielding Editorial Assistant Nicholas J. Rasmussen International Affairs Fellow in Residence Correspondence: An International Andrew S. Weiss International Affairs Fellow in Residence Review of Culture and Society Alexander Stille Editor David Jacobson Managing Editor Meetings Anne R. Luzzatto Vice President, Meetings Nancy D. Bodurtha Associate Director, Meetings Membership and Fellowship Affairs Anastasia Malacos Assistant Director, New York Elise Carlson Lewis Vice President, Membership and Meetings Fellowship Affairs Noa Gimelli Program Coordinator Allison Storkamp Assistant to the Vice President, Carolyn Jander Program Coordinator Membership and Fellowship Affairs Ella Roderick-Jones Program Coordinator Abigail Leibig Program Associate Peggy Papadakis Program Associate Bessie Skoures Program Associate

103 Staff

Janice L. Murray Vice President and Treasurer, and Anthony Ramirez Work Request Coordinator Deputy Chief Operating Officer Santo Ine Alers Senior Facility Assistant Angel Cordova Facility/Events Assistant Development Gilbert Falcon Facility Assistant Mario Pedraza Facility Assistant Betty Kurdys Director of the Annual Fund Edwin Santiago Facility Assistant and Major Gifts Derek Velez Facility Assistant Lena Moy Program Associate Lawrence White Facility Assistant Rossana Ivanova Associate Director of Development Erika Bailey Grants Development Associate Events Management Finance Mark Hudson Events Manager Fernando Browne Assistant Events Manager Russell Pomeranz Director of Finance Kristine Haan Events Associate Peter Tyndale Controller Sigi Silvani Staff Accountant Sharon Lalla Assistant to the Director Library and Research Services Linda Copeland Accounting Associate Vera Langley Accounting Associate Lilita V. Gusts Director and Secretary James Smith Accounts Payable Associate of the Corporation Marcia L. Sprules Associate Director Michelle McKowen Reference and Documents Librarian Human Resources Connie M. Stagnaro Research Intranet and Archives Jan Mowder Hughes Director Coordinator Donna Sardella Associate Director Ming Er Qiu Technical Services Associate Shantala Muddappa Human Resources Coordinator Christine Quinn Library Assistant Marieke Beeuwkes Interdepartmental Program Associate Barbara K. Miller Consulting Archivist Lynn Stockhamer Interdepartmental Administrative Associate Patrick Roberts Human Resources Assistant Information Services Charles Day Director Reception Deepak Trivedi Associate Director Cristy Lemperle Reception Supervisor Albert Andrade Help Desk Technician Bettina Schaeffer Receptionist Alice McLoughlin Assistant to the Director of Information Services and Data Facility Operations Entry Specialist Virginia Rolston Parrott Training and Documentation Neftali Frank Alvarez Director of Facility Operations Specialist Phil Falcon Associate Director of Facility Chris O. Sierra LAN Administrator Operations Richard Wawzycki Database Administrator/Programmer Ian Noray Supervisor of Mail and Duplicating Services

Note: Staff shown as of August 31, 2001.

104 Staff

New York

Washington, D.C.

105 Membership

The Council is a national membership organization with Membership Selection Procedure members divided almost equally among New York, Wash- ington, D.C., and from beyond these two areas. The Coun- Membership Selection cil relies on its members for their active engagement, New members are named twice a year by the Board of substantive contributions, and support and counts on its Directors, which invites selected men and women to join members to identify and propose qualified prospects for based on recommendations by the Membership Commit- membership. Membership development efforts are tee. The Committee also meets twice a year and is com- focused on identifying potential Council members from posed of members of the Board and such other members various professions, geographic areas, and ethnic groups. as the committee chair deems appropriate. To be consid- ered by the Membership Committee, candidates must be proposed for membership by Council members. The ros- Profile of the Membership ter of members is listed in the annual report. Number Percentage At every meeting, the Membership Committee consid- of of ers significantly more candidates than there are vacancies. Members Membership Thus, it is inevitable that the names of some candidates will Location appear before the Committee on several occasions. Given New York Area 1,283 32 the high level of the competition generally, some candidates Washington, D.C., Area 1,253 32 may never be elected even though they may be thought by some to have the individual qualifications outlined below. National (including overseas) 1,452 36 Term Membership Total 3,988 100 In an effort to reach out to the next generation of leaders, the Board has also established a separate Term Member- Profession ship Committee. This committee meets annually in the Business 1,240 31 spring to evaluate candidates age 34 and younger for con- Professors, Fellows, sideration as five-year term members of the Council. The and Researchers 731 18 selection process for term membership is nearly identical to, although separate from, that for regular members. Ini- Nonprofit 600 15 tiated nearly 30 years ago, the program has grown to the Government Officials 503 13 point where the Board has gradually raised the yearly Lawyers 332 8 limit on the number of term members who may be University and College elected. At present, the limit is 110, and no more than 35 Administrators 279 7 of these can be age 30 and under. Journalists, Correspondents, Becoming a Member and Editors 240 6 Current procedure requires that every candidate for reg- Other 63 2 ular membership be formally nominated in writing by Total 3,988 100 one member and seconded by a minimum of two other

106 Membership individuals, at least one of whom is a Council member. To Nominating Letters be considered for term membership, candidates must be Letters nominating a candidate for consideration by the nominated by one member and seconded by a minimum Membership Committee should address the following of one other Council member. It is recommended that at criteria, which have always been basic to the Committee’s least one letter from a current or former professional col- consideration of membership candidates: league be included. An additional letter or two from Council members reflecting different perspectives are • Intellectual attainment and expertise; welcome but not required. Currently, an average candi- • Degree of experience, interest, and current involve- dacy includes four to five letters of support. All candi- ment in international affairs or in other areas affect- dates must complete a nominee information form, which ing international affairs; can be obtained from the membership office or from the • Promise of future achievement and service in for- Council website (www.cfr.org). The candidate must pro- eign relations; vide the following information: curriculum vitae or • Potential contributions to the Council’s work; chronological resume, which must include the candi- • Desire and ability to participate in Council activities; date’s date of birth and, if foreign-born, a statement that • Standing among his or her peers. he or she has been naturalized or is a permanent resident who has made formal application for citizenship. Addi- Seconding Letters tionally, the nominator or candidate should submit a list Seconding letters need not be so comprehensive but of the names of up to ten Council members by whom the should amplify why, in the opinion of the writer, a given candidate is well known. candidate should be considered for Council membership. Thoughtful, candid, and succinct comments are far more Rules and Regulations to Keep in Mind important in seconding and proposing letters than formal A candidate’s nominator bears the chief responsibility for endorsements of candidates. In seconding letters particu- seeing to it that filing deadlines for a candidacy are met larly, writers should express why a given candidate and that all required documents are submitted to the should be considered for Council membership for rea- Council’s membership affairs office in a timely manner. sons beyond the basic criteria above. Candidates and/or their nominators are responsible for While only two seconding letters are required to assure securing Council members to write seconding letters that a candidate’s name will be forwarded to the Mem- within the content guidelines prescribed below. Council bership Committee, one or two additional letters are fre- members are advised to commit themselves to supporting quently submitted at the initiative of either the nominator a candidacy only when they can fairly meet the require- or the candidate. Such letters are particularly helpful to ments of the process and the expectations of the candidates the Membership Committee when they add information who depend on them for assistance. Please also know: or insights about a candidate not already contained in a • Council membership is restricted to citizens of the previous letter. All membership proposing, seconding, United States or permanent residents of the United and supporting letters should be mailed to the address States who have made application to become citizens. indicated at the end of this section. • Members of the Council’s Board of Directors and Membership Committee are precluded from nomi- Deadlines nating, seconding, or writing supporting letters on Strict observance of deadlines is essential to staff sup- any candidate’s behalf. port of the Membership Committee’s work, and we • A member who is a spouse, close relative (such as request your cooperation. The preparation of individual parent, brother or sister, cousin, etc.), or near in-law of membership files for submission to the Membership a candidate may not formally propose or second that Committee is a continual process. Candidates whose candidate for membership in the Council. Members files are not completed in time for any given meeting of should also refrain from writing on behalf of clients. the Committee have their files carried forward, without • Members should write only in support of candi- prejudice, to the subsequent meeting, but are considered dates whom they know well. only if completed.

107 Membership

Council members at the October 19, 2000, Meeting, “Crossroads for East Asia.”

REGULAR MEMBERSHIP—For prospective regular members, meetings of the Committee and may continue to submit the deadlines for receipt of all materials for the twice new materials and secure additional letters of support. The yearly meetings of the Committee to consider regular process is entirely one of affirmative selection—i.e., from membership candidates are March 1 and September 15. the large and evolving pool of nominees, the Committee and the Board choose a number of members without preju- TERM MEMBERSHIP—For prospective term members, the dice to the candidacies of those remaining in the pool. deadline for receipt of all materials for the annual meet- ing of the Committee to consider term membership can- Contact for All Membership Matters didates is January 31. and Correspondence: Notification of Candidates Elise Carlson Lewis, Vice President of Membership and Candidates recommended by the Membership Committee Fellowship Affairs, Council on Foreign Relations, 58 East and elected by the Board are so notified, as are their nomi- 68th Street, New York, New York 10021; Telephone: (212) nators and seconders. Candidates who are not recom- 434-9400; Fax: (212) 434-9801; Email: [email protected]. mended remain eligible for consideration at subsequent Visit our website at www.cfr.org.

108 Membership Roster

/^sMnwi

Aizenman, Nurith Anderson, Joseph A. Aronson, Michael Baeza, Mario L. Ajami, Fouad Anderson, Lisa Arredondo, Fabiola R. Bagley Elizabeth Aaron, David L. Akins, James E. Anderson, Marcus A. Arsht, Adrienne Frawley Abbot, Charles S. Albright, Madeleine Anderson, Mark A. Art, Robert J. Bailey, Charles Waldo Abbot, Charles Alderman, Michael H. Anderson, Paul F. Arthurs, Alberta Bains, Leslie E. Spencert Aldrich, George H. Anderson, Robert O. Artigiani, Carole Baird, Charles E Abbott, Wilder K. Alexander, Margo N. Andreas, Dwayne O. Artzt, Edwin L. Baird, Peter W. Abboud, A. Robert Alexander, Robert J. Andreas, Terry Lynn Asencio, Diego C. Baird, Zoe Abboud, Labeeb M. Alford, Roger P. Andrews, David R. Ashton, Sarah S. Baker, Howard H. Jr. Abdelal, Rawit Alford, William P. Andrews, Michael A. Asmus, Ronald D. Baker, James A. Ill Abel, Elie Allaire, Paul A. Ansour, M. Michael Assousa, George E. Baker, John R. Abercrombie- Allbritton, Joe L. Anthoine, Robert Atherton, Alfred Baker, Nancy Winstanley, Allen, Jodie T. Anthony, John Duke Leroy Jr. Kassebaum Gina Kay Allen, Lew Jr. Aossey, Nancy A.* Athreya, Bama Baker, Pauline H. Abernethy, Robert Allen, Richard V. Apgar, David P. Atwood, J. Brian Baker, Stewart A. John Allison, Graham T. Aponte, Mari Carmen Auer, James E. Baker, Thurbert E.* Aboelnaga, Monat Allison, Richard C. Appiah, Kwame Auerbach, Stuart C* Bakhash, Shaul Abramowitz, Almond, Michael A. Anthony Augustine, Norman R. Bakstansky, Peter Morton I. Alpern, Alan N. Apter, David E. Auspitz, Josiah Lee Balaran, Paul Abrams, Elliott Alter, Jonathan* Archambeau, Shellye L. Ausubel, Jesse H. Baldwin, David A. Abshire, David M. Alter, Karen J. Arciniega, Tomas A. Avedon, John E Baldwin, H. Furlong Aburdene, Odeh F. Alterman, Jon B. Arcos, Cresencio S. Avery, John E. Baldwin, Robert Airman, Roger C. Ackerman, Peter Areizaga-Soto, Jaime A. Awuah, Patrick G. Jr.* Edward Altman, William C. Adams, Gordon M. Arkin, Stanley S. Axelrod, Robert M. Baldwin, Sherman Altschul, Arthur G. Adams, Robert Arledge, Roone Ayers, H. Brandt Bales, Carter E Altshuler, David* McCormick Armacost, Michael H. Azim, Khalid Balick, Kenneth Alvarado, Donna Adelman, Carol C. Armstrong, Anne L. Baliles, Gerald L. Adelman, Kenneth L. Maria Armstrong, C. Michael Band, Laurence M. Adler, Allen R. Alvarez, Jose E. Armstrong, John Bandler, Donald K. Agnew, Harold M. Ames, Oakes Alexander Jr. B Baratta, Mira Agostinelli, Robert F. Amos, Deborah Susan Armstrong, Lloyd Jr. Babbitt, Bruce Radielovic Ahearn, William Andelman, David A. Arnavat, Gustavo Babbitt, Eileen F Barber, Benjamin R.* Edward Andersen, Harold W. Arnhold, Henry H. Babbitt, Harriet C. Barber, Charles E Ahmad, Kamal Anderson, Craig B. Arnold, Millard W. Bacon, Kenneth H. Barber, James Alden Ahn, Laurat Anderson, Desaix Aron, Adam M. Bacot, J. Carter Bardel, William G. Ahn, Woodrow Anderson, Aronson, Bernard W. Bader, William B. Barger, Teresa C. Alio, C. Michael Edward G. Ill* Aronson, Jonathan Baer, Donald A. Barkan, Joel D. Aidinoff, M. Bernard Anderson, John B. David Baer, M. Delal Barkey, Henri J.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

109 Membership Roster

Barks-Ruggles, Erica Beinecke, William S. Berris, Jan C. Blinder, Alan S. Bower, Joseph Lyon Jean Belfer, Robert A. Bersin, Alan D. Blinken, Alan John Bowie, Robert R. Barnds, William J. Bell, Burwell B. Bertsch, Gary K. Blinken, Donald Bowles, Erskine B. Barnes, Harry G. Jr. Bell, Gordon P.* Beshar, Peter J.* Bloch, Julia Chang Boyd, Charles G. Barnes, Michael D. Bell, J. Bowyer Bessie, Simon Michael Bloom, Evan T. Boylan, Delia M.t Barnet, Richard J. Bell, Joseph C. Bestani, Robert M. Bloomberg, Michael R. Bracken, Paul Barnett, F. William Bell, Mack Bestor, Theodore C. Bloomfield, Lincoln P. Brademas, John Barr, Michael S. Bell, Peter Dexter Betts, Richard K. Bloomfield, Richard J. Bradford, Zeb B. Jr. Barr, Thomas D. Jr. Bell, Robert G. Beutner, Austin M. Bloomgarden, Kathy Bradley, Bill Barrett, Barbara Bell, Ruth Greenspan Bewkes, Jeffrey Finn Bradley, Edward R. McConnell Bell, Steve Beyer, John C. Blum, Richard C. Bradley, William L. Barrett, John Adams Bell, Thomas D.* Beyzavi, Kian Blumenthal, Sidney S. Brady, Jacqueline V.t Barry, John L. Bell-Rose, Stephanie K. Bhala, Raj Blumenthal, W. Brady, Linda Parrish Barry, Lisa B. Bellamy, Carol Bialer, Seweryn Michael Brady, Nicholas F Barry, Thomas Bellinger, John B. Ill Bialkin, Kenneth J. Blumrosen, Alexander Brady Rose Corcoran Bello, Judith H. Bialos, Jeffrey P.* Bernet Brainard, S. Lael Barshay Jill Bencke, Matthew J.V.t Bibbins, Nicole M.t Bob, Daniel E. Bramlett, David A. Barshefsky Charlene Bender, Gerald J. Bickford, Jewelle Bobbitt, Philip Chase Branch, Daniel H. Bartholomew, Benedict, Kennette M. Biddle, George C. Bode, Ken A. Branscomb, Lewis M. Reginald Benjamin, Esther T. Biegun, Stephen E. Bodea, Andy S. Brauchli, Marcus W. Bartlett, Joseph W. Benmosche, Robert H* Biel, Eric R. Boeker, Paul H. Braunschvig, David Bartlett, Thomas A. Bennet, Douglas J. Biemann, Betsy Bogert, Carroll R. Brazeal, Aurelia E.* Bartlett, Timothy J. Bennett, Andrew Bienen, Henry S. Boggs, Michael D. Breck, Henry R. Bartley, Robert L. Owen Bierley John C. Bohen, Frederick M. Breed, Henry Eltinge Bartsch, David A. Bennett, Christina Biggs, John H* Bohlen, Avis T. Bremer, L. Paul III Bijur, Peter I. Breslauer, George Basek, John T. Annet Bohn, John A. Bilder, Richard B. Bash, Jeremy B.t Bennett, Susan J. Boiling, Landrum R. William Bindenagel, James D. Basora, Adrian A. Bensahel, Nora J. Bolton, John R. Bresnan, John J. Binger, James Henry Bass, Peter E. Benshoof, Janet Bond, George Clement Brewer, John D. Binkley Nicholas Bass, Warren Benson, Lucy Wilson Bond, Robert D. Breyer, Stephen G. Bassolino, Francis Bereuter, Douglas K. Burns Bonime-Blanc, Andrea Brimmer, Andrew F. Keith Bergen, Margaret Binnendijk, Hans Bonney J. Dennis Brimmer, Esther Diane Batkin, Alan R. Bergen, Peter Lampert Birdsall, Nancy Booker, Salih Brinkley David Bator, Francis M. Berger, Joshua A. Birenbaum, David E. Bookout, John F. Brinkley Douglas G Battaglia, Charles C. Berger, Marilyn Birkelund, John P. Boot, Max Britt, David V.B. Bauer, Joanne R. Berger, Samuel R. Birnbaum, Eugene A. Booth, Carter* Brittenham, Baumann, Carol Edler Berger, Suzanne Bishop, Sanford D. Jr. Boren, David L. Raymond L. Baxter, Randolph* Bergsten, C. Fred Bissell, Richard E. Borgen, Christopher J.t Broad, Robin Bean, Frank D.* Bering, Helle Black, Joseph E. Bork, Ellen Broadman, Harry G Beattie, Richard I. Berkowitz, Bruce D. Black, Shirley Temple Boschwitz, Rudy Brock, Steven V.t Becherer, Hans W. Berkowsky Pamela B. Black, Stanley Warren Bose, Meena Broda, Frederick C. Bechky Perry S. Berman, Howard L. Blacker, Coit D. Bosworth, Stephen W. Brodsky William J. Beckler, David Z. Berman, Jonathant Blackwell, J. Kenneth Botts, John C. Brody Christopher W. Bedrosian, Gregory R. Bernard, Kenneth W BlackwiU, Robert D. Bouckaert, Peter N.t Brody Kenneth D. Beeman, Richard E. Berndt, John E. Blahous, Charles P. Boufford, Jo Ivey Broitman, Elana Begley, Louis Bernstein, Peter W. Blake, Robert O. Bouis, Antonina W. Brokaw, Tom Behrman, Jack N. Bernstein, Robert L. Blank, Stephen Bouton, Marshall M. Bromley, D. Allan Beierle, Thomas C.t Bernstein, Tom A. Blechman, Barry M. Bovin, Denis A. Bronfman, Edgar M. Beim, David O. Berresford, Susan Vail Bleier, Edward Bo wen, Vincent E. Ill Bronson, Rachel Beim, Nicholas F. Berrie, Scott D. Blendon, Robert Jay Bowen, William G. Brookins, Carole L.

110 Membership Roster

Brooks, Harvey Burnett, Christina Campbell, Kurt M. Cavanaugh, Carey* Cherian, Sajt Brooks, Karen B.t Duffyt Campbell, Thomas J. Cave, Ray Charles Cherry, Pedro Rt Brower, Charles N. Burnley, James H. rV Campbell, W. Glenn Cebrowski, Arthur Chickering, A. Brown, Alice L. Burns, Patrick Owen Campbell, William Karl Lawrence Brown, Bartram S. Burns, R. Nicholas Canfield, Franklin O. Celcis-Concepcion, Choi, Audrey Brown, Carroll Burns, William F. Capehart, Jonathant Ginat Choi, Stephen J. Brown, C. Michaelt Burns, William J. Cappello, Juan Carlos Celeste, Richard F. Chollet, Derek H. Brown, Frederic J. Burt, Richard R. Caputo, David A. Cerjan, Paul G. Cholmondeley, Brown, Gwendolyn A. Burton, Daniel F. Jr. Caputo, Lisa M. Cha, Victor D. Paula H.J. Brown, Harold Bush, Robert C. Jr. Carbonell, Nestor T. Chace, James C. Chorlins, Marjorie Ann Brown, Kathleen Bushner, Rolland H. Carey, Hugh L. Chadda, Maya Choucri, Nazli Brown, L. Carl Bussey, John C. Carey, John Challenor, Christensen, Brown, Lester R. Butler, George Lee Carey, Sarah C. Herschelle S. Thomas J.* Brown, Michael Butler, Samuel C. Carlos, Manuel Luis Chambers, Anne Cox Christianson, Geryld B. Arlington Butler, William J. Carlson, Scott Chamoun, Walid Christie, Ronald Irvint Brown, Michael E. Buultjens, Ralph Alexander Georgest Christman, Daniel Brown, Phoebe W. Buxbaum, Richard M. Carlson, Steven E. Chan, Gerald L. William Brown, Richard P. Jr. Buyske, Gail Carlucci, Frank C. Chan, Ronnie C. Christopher, Warren Browne, Robert S. Byman, Danielt Carmichael, William D. Chang, David C. Churchill, Buntzie Ellis Browning, David S. Byrne, Patrick M. Carnesale, Albert Chang, Gareth C.C. Cilluffo, Frank Bruce, Judith Carothers, Thomas Chang, Joyce Cimbalo, Jeffrey L. Bruemmer, Russell J. Carpenter, Ted Galen Chang, Juju Cirincione, Joseph Bryan, Greyson L. Carr, John W. Chanin, Clifford Clapp, Priscilla A. Bryant, Michael E. Carrington, Walter C. Chanis, Jonathan A. Clarida, Richard H.* Bryant, Ralph C. Cabot, Elizabeth Carrion, Richard L. Chao, Elaine L. Clark, Dick Bryson, John E. Cabot, Louis W Carroll, J. Speed Chao, Victor Tzu-Ping Clark, J.H. Cullum Brzezinski, Ian Cabranes, Jose A. Carruth, Reba Anne Chapman, Margaret Clark, Mark Edmond Joseph Caceres, Diane Alleva* Carson, Charles Holt Clark, Noreen M. Brzezinski, Mark F. Caesar, Camille M.* William Jr. Charles, Cory Clark, Wesley K. Brzezinski, Zbigniew Cahill, Kevin M. Carswell, Robert Charles, Robert Bruce Clark, William Jr. Buchman, Mark E. Cahn, Anne Hessing Carter, Ashton B. Charney, Jonathan Isa Clarke, Donald C. Buckley, William F. Jr. Cain, Kenneth L. Carter, Barry E. Charpie, Robert A. Clarke, Jack G. Bueno de Mesquita, Calabia, Dawn T. Carter, Hodding Chartener, Robert Clarke, Teresa H. Bruce Calabresi, Massimo Carter, James Earl Chase, Anthony R. Clarkson, Lawrence W. Buergenthal, Thomas Calder, Kent Eyring Carter, James H. Chatterjee, Purnendu Clement, Peter A.* Bugliarello, George Caldwell, Dan Carter, Mark Andrew* Chaves, Robert J. Cleveland, Harlan Bullock, Mary Brown Caldwell, Philip Carter, Marshall Chavez, Linda Cleveland, Peter Bumpas, Stuart Califano, Joseph A. Jr. Nichols Chavira, Ricardo Matthews Maryman Calingaert, Daniel Casper, Gerhard Chayes, Antonia Clifford, Donald K. Jr. Bunzel, Jeffrey H. Callaghy, Thomas M. Cassidy, Eileen E. Handler Cline, William R. Burand, Deborah K. Callander, Robert J. Catlow, Walter S. Checki, Terrence J. Clinger, William F. Jr. Burck, William A. Callen, Michael A. Cattarulla, Elliot R. Cheever, Daniel S. Clinton, Bill Burgess, Geoffrey P. Calleo, David Patrick Catto, Henry E. Chen, Kimball C. Cloherty, Patricia M. Burgess, John A. Campbell, Carolyn Caufield, Frank J. Chenault, Kenneth I. Cloonan, Edward T Burke, James E. Margaret Caulfield, Matthew P. Cheney, Elizabeth L. Cloud, Stanley W. Burkhalter, Holly J. Campbell, Colin G. Cavanagh, Richard Cheney, Richard B. Clough, Michael Burn, Christopher J. Campbell, F. Gregory* Edward Cheney, Stephen A. Coatsworth, John H.

* Elected to membership in 2001. + Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

Ill Membership Roster

Cobb, Charles E. Jr. Cook-Anderson, Crossette, Barbara Davidson, Daniel I. Deibel, Terry L. Cobb, Tyrus W. Gretchen Rachelle Crowe, William J. Davidson, Ralph K. del Olmo, Frank Phillip Cochran, Barbara S. Cooke, Goodwin Crown, Lester Davidson, Ralph Del Rosso, Stephen J.* Cochran, Molly M. Cooke, John F. Cruise, Daniel Lester Parsons Del Toro, Carlos Coffey, Joseph I. Coolidge, Nicholas J. Crystal, Lester M. Davis, Evan A. Demeo, Marisa J. Coffey, Shelby III Coombe, George Cullum, Lee Davis, Jacquelyn K. Deming, Rust Coffman, Vance* William Jr. Cumpiano, Havio Davis, Jerome Macpherson Cohen, Abby Joseph* Coombs, Philip H. Cuneo, Donald Davis, Kathryn W. Denham, Robert E. Cohen, Ariel Coon, Jane Abell Cunningham, Davis, Kim Gordon Denison, Robert J. Cohen, Benjamin J. Cooney, Joan Ganz James B.* Davis, Lynn E. Dennis, Everette E. Cohen, Betsy* Cooper, Charles A. Cunningham, Davis, Nathaniel Denny, Brewster C. Cohen, Eliot A. Cooper, Chester L. Nelson W* Davis, Vincent Denoon, David B.H. Cohen, Herman J. Cooper, James H.S. Curley, Walter J.P. Jr. Davison, Kristina Denton, Hazel Cohen, Jerome Alan Cooper, John Milton Jr. Curran, R.T. Perkin Denton, James S. Cohen, Joel E. Cooper, Kathleen B. Curtis, Charles B. Davison, W. Phillips DePoy, Phil E. Cohen, Richard M. Cooper, Kerry Curtis, Gerry Dawisha, Karen Lea Dergham, Raghida Cohen, Roberta Jane Cooper, Rebecca J. Cusimano Love, Dawkins, Peter M. Derian, Patricia Cohen, Stephen Bruce Cooper, Richard N. Maryann K. Dawson Carr, Murphy Cohen, Stephen F. Corbet, Kathleen A.* Cutler, Lloyd N. Marion M. Derr, Kenneth T. Cohen, Stephen S. Cordesman, Cutler, Walter L. Dawson, Christine L. Derrick, James V. Jr. Cohen, Warren I. Anthony H. Cutshaw, Kenneth A. Dawson, Horace G. Jr. Derryck, Vivian Cohen, William S. Cornelius, Wayne A. Cutter, Ana Grier Day, Arthur R. Lowery Colagiuri, Elizabeth L. Cornell, Henry Cutter, W. Bowman Day, Robert A. Dertouzos, Michael L. Colbert, Evelyn Cott, Suzanne Cyr, Arthur I. Days, Drew Desai, Padma Speyer Cotter, William R. Saunders III Desai, Rohit M.* Colby, Jonathan E. Courtney, William H. de Borchgrave, DeShazer, MacArthur Cole, Johnnetta B. Cousens, Elizabeth M. Arnaud DeSouza, Patrick J.* Cole, Samuel A. Covey, Jock D de Janosi, Peter E. Despres, Gina H. Cole, Thomas Cowal, Sally Grooms D'Amato, Alfonse M. de la Garza, Destler, I.M. Winston Jr. Cowan, Geoffrey Daalder, Ivo H. Rodolfo O. Deutch, John Coleman, Isobel Cowan, L. Gray Dabelko, Geoffrey D. de Menil, George Deutch, Philip J. Coleman, Lewis W. Cowhey, Peter F. Dailey, Brian D. de Menil, Joy A. Deutch, Shelley* Coleman, William T. Jr. Cox, Edward F. Dale, William B. de Menil, Lois Pattison DeVecchi, Robert P. Coles, Julius E. Cox, Howard E. Jr.* Dallara, Charles H. de Vries, Rimmer Devine, C. Maury Coll, Alberto R.* Crahan, Margaret E. Dailey, George Albert Deagle, Edwin A. Jr. Devine, John J.* Collins, Joseph J. Craner, Lome W. Dallmeyer, Dorinda G. Dean, Jonathan Devine, M. Colette Collins, Mark M. Jr.* Crawford, John F. Dalton, James E. Dean, Robert W Devine, Thomas J. Comstock, Philip E. Jr. Creekmore, Dam, Kenneth W. Dear, Alice M.* De Young, Karen J. Cone, Sydney M. Ill Marion V. Jr. Dam, Marcia Wachs Debevoise, Eli Diamond, Michael W.* Connaughton, Crichton, Kyle Damrosch, Lori Fisler Whitney II Dickey, Christopher James L. Crile, George III Dancy, John A.G* Debs, Barbara Dicks, Norman D. Dickson-Horton, Conners Petersen, Crittenden, Ann Danforth, William H. Knowles Leila Anne Crocker, Bathsheba N. Daniel, D. Ronald Debs, Richard A. Valerie L.* Connolly, Gerald E. Crocker, Chester A. Daniel, Donald C.F.* DeBusk, F. Amanda Didion, Joan Connor, John T. Jr. Cromwell, Adelaide Danin, Robert M.* DeCrane, Alfred C. Jr. Diebold, John Considine, Jill M. McGuinn Danner, Mark D. Decter, Midge Diebold, William Jr. Constable, Pamela Cross, Devon G. Dash, Michele Decyk, Roxanne J. Diehl, Jackson K. Conway, Jill Cross, June V. Samantha Dedrick, Fred T. Dilenschneider, Cook, Frances D. Cross, Sam Y. DaSilva, Russell J. Deffenbaugh, Robert L. Cook, Gary M. Cross, Theodore David, Jack Ralston H. Jr. Dillon, Douglas

112 Membership Roster

DiMartino, Rita Druckerman, Pamela Eberle, William D. Embree, Ainslie T. Farrar, Stephen Dimon, James Druyan, Ann Eberstadt, Nicholas N. Emerson, John B.* Prescott Dine, Thomas A. Duberstein, Echols, Marsha A. Ensor, David B. Faskianos, Irina A. Dinerstein, Robert C. Kenneth M. Economy, Elizabeth C. Entwistle, L. Brooks Fawaz, Leila Dinh, Viet D. Dubin, Seth H. Ecton, Donna R. Epstein, Barbara Feigenbaum, Dfnkins, David N. DuBrul, Stephen M. Jr. Eddleman, Linda Epstein, Jason Evan A. DiPerna, Paula* Duckenfield, David Hiniker Epstein, Jeffrey Feinberg, Richard E. Diuk, Nadia Adams Eddy, Randolph PIE Epstein, Joshua M. Feiner, Ava S. Djerejian, Edward P. Due, Johnita P. Edelman, Albert I. Erb, Guy F. Feinstein, Lee Djerejian, Gregory Duelfer, Charles A. Edelman, Gerald M. Erb, Richard D. Feissel, Gustave Dobriansky, Paula J. Duersten, Althea L. Edelman, Marian Erbsen, Claude E. Feist, Samuel H.* Dodd, Christopher J. Duffey, Joseph D. Wright Erburu, Robert F. Feith, Douglas J. Dodd, Thomas J.* Duffie, David A.* Edelman, Richard Ercklentz, Alexander T. Feldman, Daniel F. Doebele, Justin W. Duffy, Gloria Winston Esfandiari, Haleh Feldman, Mark B. Doerge, David J. Charmian Edelstein, Julius C.C. Esserman, Susan G. Feldman, Sandra* Doherty, William C. Duffy, James H. Edington, Mark D.W.* Estabrook, Robert H. Feldstein, Martin S. Doley, Harold E. Jr. Dugan, Michael J. Edley, Christopher Jr. Esty, Daniel C. Fenzel, Michael R. Dominguez, Jorge I. Duke, Robin Chandler Edwards, Howard Evans, Gail H. Ferguson, Charles H. Donahue, Thomas R. Dulany, Peggy Edwards, Mickey Evans, Harold M. Ferguson, Glenn W. Donaldson, Robert H. Dunbar, Charles F. Edwards, Robert H. Evans, Tatjana H. Ferguson, James L. Donaldson, William H. Duncan, Charles Efros, Laura L. Ewing, Anthony P. Ferguson, Ronald E. Donilon, Thomas E. William Jr. Eggers, Thomas E. Ferlic, Suzanne R. Donnellan, April Duncan, Graham A.+ Ehrenreich, Rosat Fernandes, Kanne Duncan, John C. Ehrlich, Thomas Anthony C.t Donnelly, Harold C. Dunigan, Patrick Eichengreen, Barry J. Fernandez, Jose W Doran, Charles F. Andrew Eikenberry, Karl Fabian, Larry L. Ferrari, Frank E. Dornbusch, Rudi Dunkerley, Craig G. Eilts, Hermann Fairbanks, Charles H. Ferraro, Geraldine A. Dorsen, Norman Dunlop, Joan B. Frederick Jr. Ferrazzi, Keith E.t Dory, Amanda Jean Dunn, Kempton Einaudi, Luigi R. Fairbanks, Ferre, Antonio Luis Doty, Grant R. Dunn, Lewis A. Einhorn, Jessica P. Richard M. HI Ferre, Helen Aguirre Dougan, Diana Lady Dunn, Michael M. Einhorn, Robert J. Fairman, David M. Ferre, Maurice A. Dougherty, James P.* Dur, Philip A. Eisendrath, Charles R. Falco, Mathea Ferrell, Lisa Carolyn Douglass, Loren* Durkin, Patrick J. Eisner, Michael Falcoff, Mark Fesharaki, Fereidun Douglass, Robert R. Dutton, Frederick G. Eizenstat, Stuart E. Falk, Pamela S. Fessenden, Hart Dowling, John Dyke, Nancy Bearg Elliott, Inger McCabe Falk, Richard A. Fiedler, Jeffrey L. Nicholas Dyson, Esther Elliott, Osborn Falkenrath, Richard A. Fields, Bertram H. Doyle, James S. Ellis, James Reed Fallon, Robert E. Fields, Craig I. Doyle, Michael W Ellis, Mark S. Fallows, James Fife, Eugene V. Draper, William H. ni Ellis, Patricia Fanton, Jonathan Fifield, Russell Hunt Drayton, William Ellis, Rodney Foster Figueroa Kiipcu, Drell, Sidney D. Eagleburger, Ellison, Keith Paty Faraon, J. Rodney Maria C.t Drew, Elizabeth Lawrence S. Ellsberg, Daniel Farer, Tom J. Filippone, Robert J.* Dreyfuss, Joel Earle, Ralph II Ellsworth, Robert F. Farkas, Evelyn N. Finberg, Barbara D. Drimmer, Jonathant East, Maurice A. Elson, Edward E. Farley, Maggie M.t Findakly, Hani K. Drobnick, Richard Lee Eastman, Michael R.t Ely, John Hart Farmer, Thomas L. Finel, Bernard I. Drucker, Joy E. Easum, Donald B. Ely-Raphel, Nancy Farnsworth, Eric P.t Finger, Seymour Drucker, Richard A. Eberhart, Ralph E. Halliday Farrar, Jay C. Maxwell

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

113 Membership Roster

Finkelstein, Forsythe, Rosemarie Friedman, Fredrica S. Gard, Robert G Gerson, Ralph J. Lawrence S. Forma, V. Page Friedman, Jordana D.* Gardels, Nathan P. Gerstner, Louis V. Jr. Finn, Edwin A. Jr.* Fosler, Gail D. Friedman, Stephen Gardner, Anthony L.* Getler, Michael Finn, James Foster, Brenda Lei Friedman, Stephen J. Gardner, James A. Geyelin, Philip L. Finnemore, Martha Foster, Charles C. Friedman, Thomas L. Gardner, Nina Geyer, Georgie Anne Finney, Paul B. Foster, Richard N. Frieman, Wendy Luzzatto Gfoeller, Joachim Jr. Firestone, Charles M. Fowler, Wyche Jr. Friend, Theodore W Gardner, Richard N. Gfoeller, Michael Firmage, Edwin B. Fox, Donald T. Froman, Michael B.G.* Garment, Leonard Gfoeller, Tatiana C. Fischer, David Joseph Fox, Eleanor M. Fromkin, David Garment, Suzanne R. Ghiglione, Loren Fischer, Stanley Fox, Joseph Carrere Fromm, Joseph Garnett, Sherman Giacomo, Carol Ann Fisher, Julie Ann Fraga, Arminio Frost, Ellen L. Gart, Murray J. Gibbons, John Howard Fisher, Peter R. Franck, Thomas M. Fry, Earl H. Garten, Jeffrey E. Gibney, Frank B. Fisher, Richard W. Francke, Albert Frye, Alton Garthoff, Raymond L. Giffen, James Henry Fisher, Roger Frank, Andrew D.* Fudge, Ann M. Garwin, Richard L. Giffin, Gordon D.* Fishlow, Albert Frank, Barney Fuerth, Leon S.* Gaston, Patricia E. Gilbert, Jackson B. Fisk, Daniel W. Frank, Brian L.t Fukushima, Glen S. Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Gilbert, Jarobin Jr. Fitts,SarahA.W. Frank, Charles R. Jr. Fukuyama, Francis Gates, Philomene A. Gilbert, Steven J. Fitz-Pegado, Lauri J. Frank, Isaiah Fuld, Richard S. Jr. Gates, Robert M. Gill, Bates FitzGerald, Frances Frank, Richard A. Fuller, Kathryn S. Gati, Charles Gillette, Michael James Fitzgibbons, Harold E. Frankel, Francine R. Fuller, William P. Gati, Toby Trister Gilmore, James S. Ill* Flaherty, Pamela Frankel, Jeffrey A. Fung, Mark T.t Gaudiani, Claire L. Gilmore, Kenneth O. Flaherty, Peter Franklin, Barbara Fung, Victor K. Gause, F. Gregory III Gilmore, Richard Furlaud, Richard M. Flake, L. Gordont Hackman Gay, Catherine C. Gilpin, Robert G Jr. Furman, Gail* Flanagan, Peter L. Franklin, Melinda Yee Gayle, Helene D. Gingrich, Newton L. Futter, Ellen V. Flanagan, Stephen J. Franklin, William Gedmin, Jeffrey Ginn, Samuel L. Flanders, Stephanie H. Emery Gedo, Inge Ginsberg, Marc Flanigan, Peter M. Geertz, Clifford Frazier, Kenneth G* Charles Fleischmann, Alan H. Geier, Philip O. Frazier, Myra M.t Ginsburg, David Fleishman, Rachel Geithner, Peter E* Fredericks, Wayne Ginsburg, Jane C. Flournoy, Michele A. Geithner, Timothy E* Fredman, Jonathan M. Gaddis, John Lewis Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Flynn, George J. Gelb, Amos Freedman, Eugene M. Gadiesh, Grit B. Glaser, Bonnie S. Flynn, Stephen E. Gelb, Bruce S. Freeman, Bennett* Gaer, Felice D. Glassman, Charisse Foege, William H. Gelb, Leslie H. Freeman, Constance J. Gaines, James R. Glauber, Robert R. Fogleman, Ronald R. Gelb, Richard L. Freeman, Harry L. Galbraith, Evan G. Gleysteen, Peter Foglesong, Robert H.* Gell-Mann, Murray Freeman, Roger C. Galbraith, Peter W. Gleysteen, Foley, S.R. Jr. Gellman, Barton Freidheim, Cyrus F. Gallagher, Dennis William H. Jr. Foley, Thomas S. Gelpern, Anna Freidheim, Stephen C. Gallucci, Robert L. Globerman, Norma Folsom, George A. George, John M. Freimuth, Ladeene A.t Galvin, John R. Gluck, Carol Fonts, Carlos E.* Georgescu, Peter Frelinghuysen, Galvis, Sandra Foote, Edward T. II Gluck, Frederick W Galvis, Sergio J. Foote, William Peter H.B. Andrew Glueck, Jeffrey Scott Frey, Donald N. Ganguly, Sumit Gephardt, Richard A. Glusker, Peter Henry Fulbright Freytag, Richard A. Gann, Pamela B. Gerber, Louis Godchaux, Frank A. Ill Ford, Gerald R. Fribourg, Paul J. Gannon, John C. Gergen, David R. Goekjian, Samuel V. Ford, Paul B. Jr. Fried, Edward R. Ganoe, Charles S. Gerhart, Gail M. Goeltz, Richard K. Fore, Henrietta Friedberg, Aaron Louis Gantcher, Nathan Germain, Adrienne Goheen, Robert E Holsman Friedman, Alexander Garcia, Marlen Gerschel, Patrick A. Goins, Charlynn Forester, Lynn Stephen Garcia-Johnson, Ronie Gershman, Carl Goldberg, Michael E. Forman, Shepard L. Friedman, Bart Richelet Samuel Goldberg, Ronnie L. Forstmann, Friedman, Benjamin M. Garcia-Passalacqua, Gerson, Allan Goldberger, Marvin L. Theodore J. Friedman, Elisabeth J. JuanM. Gerson, Elliot F. Golden, James R.

114 Membership Roster

Golden, William T. Graff, Henry Franklin Griego, Linda Halaby Najeeb E. Harpel, James W Goldgeier, James M. Graff, Robert D. Grikscheit, Alyssa A. Hale, David D. Harper, Conrad K. Goldin, Harrison J. Graham, Bob Grimes, Joseph Hall, C. Barrows Harris, David A.* Goldman, Charles N. Graham, Carol L.* Anthony Jr. Hall, John P. Harris, Jay T Goldman, Guido Graham, Lawrence Grimes, Julie M. Hall, Kafhryn Walt Harris, John M. Goldman, Marshall I. Otis Grissom, Janet Mullins Hall-Martinez, Harris, Joseph E. Goldman, Merle D. Graham, Thomas Jr. Grose, Peter Katherinet Harris, Katherine* Goldmark, Peter C. Jr. Graham, Thomas Gross, Martin J.* Halle, Claus M.* Harris, Martha Goldschmidt, Neil Wallace Gross, Patrick W. Hallerberg, Mark S. Caldwell Goldsmith, Jack Grand, Stephen R. Grove, Brandon H. Jr. Hallingby Paul Jr. Harrison, Selig S. Landman HI Granoff, Michael D. Grove, Paul C. Halperin, David R. Harrison, William B. Jr. Goldsmith, Robert S. Grant, Stephen A. Groves, Ray J. Halperin, Morton H. Hart, Brett J. Goldstein, Gordon Graubard, Stephen Grunwald, Henry A. Halstead, Ted Hart, Gary Goldstein, Jeffrey A. Richards Guerra-Mondragon, Haltzel, Michael H. Hart, Todd C* Goldstein, Morris* Graves, Howard D. Gabriel Hamburg, David A. Hartman, Arthur A. Goldwyn, David L. Gray Hanna Holborn Gundlach, Andrew S. Hamburg, Margaret Haskell, John H.E Jr. Golob, Paul D. Grayson, Judy S. Gupte, Pranay Ann Hatfield, Robert S. Golob, Stephanie Ruth Greathead, R. Scott Gutfreund, John H. Hamburg-Coplan, Jill Hatheway Gina Gomory Ralph E. Greco, Richard Jr.t Guth, John H.J. Hamilton, Ann O. Marie L. Gompert, David C. Green, Bill Guthman, Edwin O. Hamilton, Charles V. Hauge, John Resor Gonzalez, Nelson Green, Carl J. Gwertzman, Hamilton, Daniel Hauser, Rita E. Ricardo Green, Ernest G. Bernard M. Hamilton, Edward K. Hauser, William Locke Goodby, James E. Green, Jerrold D. Gwin, Catherine Hamilton, Jonathan C. Havell, Theresa A. Goodman, Andrea Green, Michael J. Hamilton, Lee H. Hawkins, Ashton Piercet Green, Shane Hamilton, Michael P. Hawley F. William Goodman, George J.W. Greenberg, Arthur N. Hamilton, Ruth Simms Hawthorne, Steronica Goodman, Herbert I. Greenberg, David H Hammonds, D. Holly Dunston Goodman, John B.* Greenberg, Evan G. Ha, Joseph M. Hamre, John J.* Hayek, Alexandre P. Goodman, Roy M. Greenberg, Jeffrey W Haaland, Lynn Elisat Hanauer, Larry Hayes, Margaret Daly Goodman, Sherri W. Greenberg, Karen J. Haas, Mimi L. Hancock, Ellen Hayes, Rita Derrick Goodpaster, Andrew J. Greenberg, Maurice R. Haas, Peter E. Hand, Scott M. Haynes, Fred Gordon, Albert H. Greenberg, Sanford D. Haas, Robert D. Handelman, Stephen Haynes, Lukas Gordon, John A. Greenberger, Robert Haass, Richard N. Hansell, Herbert J. Harrison Gordon, Lincoln Stephen Habsburg, Inmaculada Hansen, Carol Rae Haynes, Ulric Gordon, Michael R. Greene, Joseph N. Jr. Hachigian, Nina L. Hanson, Carl Thor Hayward, Thomas B. Gordon, Philip H. Greene, Margaret L. Hackett, Craig D.* Hantz, Giselle P. Healy, Harold H. Jr. Gorelick, Jamie S. Greene, Wade Haddad, Yvonne Hantzopoulos, Evie Hearn, Ruby P. Harari, Maurice Gorman, Joseph T. Greenfield, James L. Yazbeck Heck, Charles B. Harding, Deborah A.* Goss, Porter J. Greenspan, Alan Hadley Stephen J. Hecker, Siegfried S. Harding, Harry Gotbaum, Victor Greenwald, G. Hafner, Joseph A. Jr. Hedstrom, Mitchell W. Hardt, John P. Gottemoeller, Rose Jonathan Hagel, Chuck Heep-Richter, Hargrove, John Gottfried, Kurt Greenway, Hugh D.S. Hagen, Katherine A. Barbara D. Gottlieb, Gidon AG. Gregg, Donald P. Haggard, Stephan Lawrence Heer, Paul* Gottlieb, Stuart Gregorian, Vartan Hahn, Keith D. Harman, Jane Heginbotham, Gottsegen, Peter M. Gregson, Wallace C. Jr. Haig, Alexander M. Jr. Harman, Sidney Stanley J. Gould, Peter G. Grenier, Richard Hakakian, Royat Harmon, James A. Hehir, J. Bryan Gourevitch, Peter A. Greve, Louisa Coan Hakim, Peter Harms, Blairet Hermann, John G.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

115 Membership Roster

Heimbold, Hesburgh, Hoguet, George Hsu, Ta-Lin Ikle, Fred C. Charles A. Jr. Theodore M. Roberts Hum, Malat Ilchman, Alice Stone Heimowitz, James B. Jr. Hess, John B. Hoinkes, Mary Huber, Richard L. Immergut, Mel M. Heineman, Hessler, Curtis A. Elizabeth Huberman, Benjamin Inderfurth, Karl F. Benjamin W. Hewlett, Sylvia Ann Holbrooke, Richard C. Hudson, Manley O. Jr. rngersoll, Robert S. Heineman, Melvin L. Hiatt, Fred Holden, John L. Hudson, Michael C. Inman, Bobby R. Heintz, Stephen B. Hicks, Irvin Holdren, John P. Huebner, Lee W Intriligator, Michael D. Heintzen, Harry Hicks, John F. Sr. Hollick, Ann Lorraine Hufbauer, Gary C. Irish, Leon E. Leonard Hicks, Kathleen Holliday, Stuart W Huffington, Roy M. Irvin, Patricia L. Heinz, Teresa Holland Holloway, Dwight F. Jr. Hughes, Duane L. Irwin, David Wt Hejlik, Dennis J. Higginbotham, F. Holmer, Alan F. Hughes, Lynn N* Irwin, Steven M. Helander, Robert C. Michael Holmes, Henry Allen Hughes, Lyric M. Isaacs, Maxine Heldring, Frederick Higgins, Robert F. Holmes, Kim R Hughes, R John Isaacson, Walter S. Heifer, Ricki Tigert Higgins, Tracy E. Holmes, Stephen T. Hughes, Thomas Lowe Isaza-Tuzman, Kaleil D. Heller, Michael A. Hight, B. Boyd Holowesko, Huizenga, John W Iselin, John Jay Heller, Richard M. Hightower, Edward T. Alessandra Griffiths Hultman, Tamela Isenberg, Steven L. Hellman, F. Warren Hill, J. Tomilson Holt, Pat M. Hultquist, Timothy A. Isham, Christopher Hellmann, Donald Hill, James T. Holum, John D. Hume, Cameron R. Isles, Adam Rt Charles Hill, Joseph C. Hooker, Richard D. Jr. Hume, Ellen H. Ispahani, Mahnaz Z. Helm, Robert W. Hill, Pamela Hoopes, Townsend W. Hunker, Jeffrey A. Isser, Deborah H.t Herman, Robert A. Hill, Raymond D. Hope, Judith Richards Hunt, Swanee Istel, Yves-Andre Helms, Richard Hillen, John Hope, Richard O. Hunter, Robert E. Itoh, William H. Helprin, Mark Hillenbrand, Martin J. Horelick, Arnold L. Hunter, Shireen T. Ivester, M. Douglas Helton, Arthur C. Hillgren, Sonja Horlick, Gary N. Hunter-Gault, Izlar, William H. Jr. Hendrickson, Hills, Carla A. Hormats, Robert D. Charlayne David C. Hilsman, Roger Horn, Karen N. Huntington, David S. Henkin, Alice H. Hilton, Robert P. Horn, Sally K. Huntington, Patricia Henkin, Louis Hinerfeld, Ruth Horner, Matina Skinner J Hennessy, John M. Hines, Rachel* Souretis Huntington, Samuel Jabber, Paul Henninger, Daniel P. Hinton, Deane R Hornik, Richard H. Phillips Jackelen, Henry Henrikson, Alan K. Hirsch, John L. Horowitz, Irving Louis Hurewitz, J.C. Jacklin, Nancy P. Henry, Nancy L. Hirschman, Albert O. Horton, Alan W. Hurlock, James B. Jackson, Bruce P. Hentges, Harriet Hoagland, Jim Horton, Robert Scott Hurlock, Matthew Jackson, Jesse L. Hoar, Joseph Paul Herberger, Roy A. Jr. Hosmer, Bradley C. Hunter Jackson, John Howard Hobart, Matthew T.+ Hermann, Charles F. Hoston, Germaine A. Hurst, Robert J. Jackson, Lois M. Hobbs Miracky, Hernandez Colon, Hottelet, Richard C Hurwitz, Sol Jackson, Sarah Rafael Tammany D. Houghton, Amory Jr. Hutchings, Robert L. Jacob, John E. Hernandez, Antonia Hoch, Frank W. Houghton, James R. Hutchins, Glenn H. Jacobs, Eli S. Herrnstadt, Owen Hoeber, Amoretta M. House, Karen Elliott Huyck, Philip M. Jacobs, Nehama Edward* Hoehn, Andrew R. Howard, A.E. Dick Hyatt, Joel Z.* Jacobson, Harold K. Herskovits, Jean Hoehn, William E. Jr. Howard, Christopher Hyland, William G. Jacobson, Jerome Hersman, Rebecca K.C. Hoenlein, Malcolm I. Bernard Hyman, Allen I. Jacobson, Mark R.t Herspring, Dale R.* Hoffman, A. Howard, John R. Jacoby, Tamar Herter, Frederic R Michael* Howard, Lyndsay C. Jaffe, Amy Myers Hertog, Roger* Hoffman, Adonis E. Howard, M. William Jr. Jakub, Jay Hertzberg, Arthur Hoffman, Auren Howell, Ernest M. James, Francis J. Hertzberg, Hendrik Hoffman, Bruce Howell, Peter Ibargiien, Alberto* Janes, Jackson Herz, Barbara Hoffmann, Stanley Howson, Nicholas C. Ignatius, David R. Janis, Mark Weston Herzfeld, Charles M. Hoge, James F. Jr. Hoyt, Mont P. Ijaz, Mansoor Janklow, Morton L. Herzstein, Robert E. Hoge, Warren M. Hrynkow, Sharon H. Ikenberry, G John Janow, Merit E.

116 Membership Roster

Jaquette, Jane S. Joyce, John T. Karatz, Bruce E. Kempe, Frederick S. Klein, David Jarvis, Nancy A. Jumper, John P. Karis, Thomas G Kempner, Klein, Edward Jastrow, Robert Junz, Helen B. Karl, Terry Lynn Maximilian W Klein, George Jenkins, Bonnie D. Juster, Kenneth I. Karnow, Stanley Kendall, Donald M. Klein, Jacques Paul* Jervis, Robert Karns, Margaret P. Kenen, Peter B. Klein, Joseph A. Jessup, Alpheus W. Kartman, Charles Keniston, Kenneth Kline, Roger C* Jessup, Philip C. Jr. Kasdin, Robert Kennan, Christopher J. Klotz, Frank G. Jeter, Howard F. K Kass, Stephen L. Kennan, Elizabeth T. Klurfeld, James M. Jillson, Calvin C* Kaden, Lewis B. Kassalow, Jordan S.* Kennan, George F. Knell, Gary E.* Joffe, Robert D. Kadlec, Robert P. Kassof, Allen H. Kennedy, Craig Knight, Edward S. Johns, Lionel Skipwith Kagan, Donald* Kassoy, Andrew R.+ Keohane, Nannerl O. Knight, Jessie J. Jr. Johnson, Howard W. Kagan, Robert W. Kathwari, Farooq Keohane, Robert O. Knight, Robert Johnson, James A. Kahan, Jerome H. Katz, Abraham Kern, Paul J. Huntington Johnson, James E. Kahler, Miles Katz, Daniel Roger Kerr, Ann Zwicker Knowlton, William Johnson, Jay L. Kaiser, Miranda M. Katz, Ronald S. Kerrey, Bob AUen Johnson, Jeh Charles* Kaiser, Philip M. Katz, Stanley N. Kerry, John F. Knox, John H. Johnson, Karen H. Kaiser, Robert G. Katzenstein, Peter J. Kerry, Peggy* Kobak, Deborah J. Johnson, L. Oakley Kalathil, Shanthi A.t Kaufman, Daniel J. Kessler, Martha Neff Koch, Jennie M. Johnson, Larry D. Kalb, Bernard Kaufman, Henry Kester, W Carl Koehler, John E. Johnson, Nancie S. Kalb, Marvin Kaufman, Robert R. Kezirian, Peter Kogan, Richard Jay Johnson, Robbin S. KalickiJanH. Kaufmann, William W Khalidi, Rashid I. Kohut, Andrew Johnson, Robert H. Kamarck, Andrew Kay, Kira Khalilzad, Zalmay M. Kolb, Charles E.M.* Johnson, Robert W. IV Khemlani, Neeraj L.t Martin Kaye, Charles Robert Kolbe, Jim Johnson, Thomas S. Khuri, Nicola N. Kamarck, Elaine C. Kaye, Dalia Dassa Kolodziej, Edward A. Johnson, Willene A. Kiermaier, John W. Kaminsky, Howard Kaysen, Carl Kolt, George Johnson, Wyatt Kiley, Robert R. Kampelman, Max M. Kayyem, Juliette N.t Koltai, Steven R. Kim, Andrew B. Thomas Kamsky, Virginia Ann Kazemi, Farhad Komisar, Lucy Kim, Hanya Marie Jones, Alan Kent* Kanak, Donald P. Kea, Charlotte G Kondracke, Morton Kim, Sukhan* Jones, Anita K. Kandell, Jonathan Kean, Christopher Korb, Lawrence J. Kimmitt, Robert M. Jones, Benjamin Felt Kanet, Roger E. Kean, Thomas H. Korbonski, Andrzej Kimsey, James V. Jones, David C. Kang, C.S. Eliot Keel, Alton G. Jr. Korn, Jessica King, Charles Jones, David L. Kann, Peter R. Keene, Lonnie S. Kornblum, John C. King, Henry L. Jones, James R. Kansteiner, Keeny, Spurgeon M. Jr. Korry, Edward M. King, John A. Jr. Jones, Jeffrey B.* Kelleher, Catherine M. Kostiw, Mike Vincent Walter H. Ill King, Kay Jones, Kerri-Ann Kellen, Stephen M. Kotecha, Mahesh K. Kanter, Arnold King, Robert R* Jones, Nigel W.t Keller, Edmond J. Kotler, Steven Kanter, Rosabeth Moss Kipper, Judith Jones, Sidney R. Keller, Kenneth H. Kraar, Louis Kantor, Mickey Kirkland, Richard I. Jones, Thomas V. Kellerman, Barbara L. Kraemer, Lillian E. Kaplan, Gilbert E. Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. Jones, Thomas W. Kelley, Paul X. Kramek, Robert E. Kaplan, Helene L. Kirkpatrick, Joost, Peter Martin Kaplan, Jeffrey A.t Kellner, Peter Bicknell Kramer, David J. Jordan, Amos A. Kaplan, Mark N. Kellogg, David Melanie M. Kramer, Helen M. Jordan, Eason T. Kaplan, Stephen S. Kelly, Arthur L. Kiser, Stephen D.t Kramer, Jane Jordan, Vernon E. Jr. Kapp, Robert A. Kelly, James P. Kissinger, Henry A. Kramer, Michael Joseph, Geri M. Kapstein, Ethan B. Kelly, John H. Kittrie, Orde F. Kramer, Reed Joseph, James A. Karalekas, Anne Kelman, Herbert C. Kizer, Karin L.* Kramer, Steven Philip Joseph, Richard A. Karamanian, Susan L. Kemble, Eugenia Klasky, Helaine S. Kranwinkle, C. Kemp, Geoffrey Josephson, William Karatnycky, Adrian Kleiman, Robert Douglas

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

117 Membership Roster

Kranz, Thomas F. Lagon, Mark P. Lederman, Gordon Levin, Michael Stuart Lipper, Tamarat Krasner, Stephen D. Laipson, Ellen Nathaniel Levin, Neil D. Lippey, Brian C* Krasno, Richard M. Lake, David A. Lee, Bryce Levine, Irving R. Lippman, Thomas W. Krause, Lawrence B. Lake, W. Anthony Lee, Chong-Moon Levine, Marne L. Lipscomb, Thomas H. Krauss, Clifford Lake, William T Lee, Ernest S. Levine, Mel Lipset, Seymour Krauthammer, Charles Lall, Betty Goetz Lee, William L. Levine, Susan B. Martin Kravis, Henry R. Lamar, Stephen E. Lee-Kung, Dinah Levinson, Marc Lipsky, John P. Krawchuk, Fred Lamb, Denis Leebron, David W Levit, Kenneth Joel Lipsky, Seth Kreek, Mary Jeanne* Lambert, Brett B. Leeds, Roger S. Levitas, Mitchel Lissakers, Karin M. Krens, Thomas Lambeth, Benjamin S. Leet, Mildred Robbins Levitsky, Jonathan E.t Litan, Robert E. Krepinevich, Lamont, Lansing Lefever, Ernest W. Levitt, Jeremy I.t Little, David Andrew F. Lampley, Virginia A. Leffall, LaSalle D. ffl* Levy, Philip I. Little, Milton J. Jr.* Krepon, Michael Lampton, David M. Leghorn, Richard S. Levy, Reynold Litwak, Robert S. Kreps, Juanita Lancaster, Carol J. Legro, Jeffrey W* Levy, Samuel J. Liu, Betty Wt Morris Landau, George W. Legvold, Robert Lewis, Anthony Liu, Eric P.* Kriegel, Jay L. Lande, Jim Alfredt Lehman, John F. Lewis, Bernard Liu, Margaret C. Krisher, Bernard Landers, James M. Lehman, Orin Lewis, Edward T. Livingston, Robert Kristoff, Sandra J. Landis, Lauren R. Lehman, Ronald Lewis, Elise E. Carlson Gerald Kristol, Irving Lane, Charles M.* Frank II Lewis, Flora Llewellyn, J. Bruce Kronman, Anthony Lane, David J. Lehr, Deborah M. Lewis, John P. Lodal, Jan M. Townsend Laney, James T. Lehrer, Jim Lewis, Samuel W Lodge, George Cabot Krueger, Anne O. Langdon, George D. Jr. Leich, John Foster Lewis, Sherman R. Jr. Loeb, Marshall Krueger, Harvey Langlois, John D. Leigh, Monroe Lewis, Stephen R. Jr. Logan, Francis D. Krulak, Charles LaPalombara, Joseph Leland, Marc E. Lewis, W Walker London, Herbert I. Lapham, Lewis H. Chandler Lelyveld, Joseph Lewy, Glen S. Long, William J. Lapidus, Gail W. Ku, Charlotte LeMelle, Gerald A.* Li, Lut Longstreth, Bevis Lardy, Nicholas R. Kubarych, Roger M. LeMelle,TildenJ. Li, Victor H. Longworth, Richard C. Larrabee, F. Stephen Kubisch, Jack B. LeMelle, Wilbert J. Libby, I. Lewis Longworth, Susant Larson, Charles R. Kuenstner, Nancy Jo* Lemle, J. Stuart Lichtblau, John H. Loranger, Donald Lash, Jonathan Lichtenstein, Kull, Steven G. Lempert, Robert J. Eugene Jr. Lasser, Lawrence J. Cynthia C. Kuniholm, Bruce Leness, Amanda V. Lord, Bette Bao Lateef, Noel V. Lieber, Robert J. Robellet Lennon, Alexander T.J. Lord, Winston Lauder, Leonard A. Lieberman, Joseph I. Kunstadter, Lennon, Sarah G.J. Lorentzen, Oivind III Lauder, Ronald S. Lieberman, Nancy A. Geraldine S. Lennox, William J. Jr.* Louis, William Roger Laudicina, Paul A. Lieberthal, Kenneth G. Kupchan, Charles A. Lenzen, Louis C. Lourie, Linda S. Lauinger, Philip C. Jr. Lifton, Robert K. Kupchan, Clifford A. LeoGrande, Loury, Glenn Cartman Laurenti, Jeffrey Light, Timothy Kupperman, Robert H. Lovejoy, Thomas E. Lautenbach, Ned C. William M. Lighthizer, Robert E. Kurth, James R. Lovelace, Jon B. Laventhol, David A. Leonard, James F. Lilienthal, Sally L. Kurtzer, Daniel C. Low, Stephen Lavin, Franklin L. Leonard, James G. Lilley, James R. Kushen, Robert A. Lowenfeld, Andreas F. Lawrence, Richard D. Leonard, Kenneth Lincoln, Edward J. Kwoh, Stewart Lowenkron, Barry F. Lawrence, Robert Z. Lynch Lindberg, Tod Lowenstein, James G Lawson, Eugene K. Leone, Richard C. Lindsay, Beverly* Lowenthal, Layne, Christopher Lerner-Lam, Eva Lindsay, Franklin A. Lazarus, Shelly B. Lesch, Ann Mosely Lindsay, James M.* Abraham F. Lazarus, Steven Leslie, John W Jr.* Linen, Jonathan S. Loy, Frank E. Laber, Jeri L. Leach, James A. Lesser, Ian O. Link, Troland S. Loy, James Milton Ladd, Edward Leavy, David C. Lettre, Marcel J. lit Linowes, David F. Lozano, Ignacio E. Lader, Philip Leclerc, Paul Levin, Gerald M. Linowitz, Sol M. Lozano, Monica C. Ladner, Joyce A. Lederberg, Joshua Levin, Herbert Lipper, Kenneth Lu, Donald LaFleur, Vinca Levin, John A. Lubin, Nancy

118 Membership Roster

Lubman, Stanley B. Mai, Vincent A. Marshall, Andrew W Mazur, Jay McLarty, Thomas F. Ill Lucas, C. Payne Maier, Charles S. Marshall, Anthony D. McAfee, William Gage McLaughlin, Charles Luck, Edward C. Makin, John H.* Marshall, Dale Rogers McAllister, Jef James Lucy, William Makins, Christopher J. Marshall, F. Ray Olivarius McLaughlin, David T. Luers, Wendy W. Mako, William P. Marshall, Katherine McAllister, McLaughlin, John E.* Luers, William H. Malek, Frederic V Marshall, Zachary Singleton B. McLean, Mora L. Luke, John A. Jr. Malinowski, Tom* Blake McCaffrey, Barry R. McLean, Sheila Avrin Lustick, Ian S. Mallery, Richard Martin, Daniel Richard McCaffrey, Cynthia McLin, Jon Blythe Lute, Jane Holl Mallett, Robert L. Martin, Lynn Morley Lillian McMahon, Darrin Luttwak, Edward N. Malmgren, Harald B. Martin, Susan F. McCain, John S. Ill Michael Luu, Ky Malmgren, K. Martin, William F. McCall, H. Carl McManus, Doyle Luzzatto, Anne R. Philippa* Martin-Brown, Joan C. McCann, Edward McManus, Jason D. Lyall, Katharine C. Malone, Kim Martinuzzi, Leo S. Jr. McCartan, Patrick F. McNamara, Dennis L. Lyman, Princeton N. Malpass, David R. Marton, Kati I. McCarter, John W Jr. McNamara, Lyman, Richard W Mamdani, Masin, Michael T. McCarthy, James P. Kathleen R. Lynch, Thomas F. Ill Mahmoud A. Massey, L. Camille* McCarthy, Paul B. McNamara, Robert S. Lynk, Myles V. Manatt, Charles T* Massey, Walter E. McChrystal, McNamara, Thomas E. Lynn, James T. Manca, Marie Massimino, Elisa C* Stanley A.* McNaugher, Lynn, Laurence E. Jr. Antoinette Mastanduno, Michael McClary Tonya D. Thomas L. Lyon, David W. Mandelbaum, Michael Masters, Carlton A. McCloyJohnJ.II McNerney Michael J. Lyons, Gene M. Manilow, Lewis Matheson, Michael J.* McCormack, McPeak, Merrill A. Lyons, James E. Manley, Audrey Mathews, Jessica T Elizabeth J. McPeek, Brian C. Lyons, Richard Kent Forbes Mathews, Michael S. McCormick, David H. McPherson, M. Peter Mann, Hillary P. Mathews, Sylvia M. McCouch, Donald G. McQuade, Lawrence C. Mann, James H.* Mathias, McCracken, Paul W McWade, Robert S. Mann, Michael D. Charles McC. Jr. McCurdy, Dave K. Meacham, Jon* M Mann, Thomas E. Mathias, Edward J.* McDermott, Jim Mead, Dana G. Ma, Christopher Manzi, Jim Mathis, Brian Pierre McDevitt, Sean Daniel Mead, Walter Russell Mabry Marcust Marans, J. Eugene Matlock, Jack F. Jr. McDonald, Alonzo L. Meadows, Jeanne Mabus, Raymond E. Marchick, David Matsui, Robert T. McDonald, Tom Terry* MacCormack, Charles Marcucci, Anna Matsukata, Naotaka McDonough, Meagher, Robert F. Frederick Patricia Matteson, William B. William J. Mearsheimer, John J. MacDonald, Gordon J. Marcum, John Arthur Matthews, Eugene A. McDougall, Gay J. Medearis, Amy Houpt MacDougal, Gary E. Marder, Murrey Matthews, John C.t McEntee, Joan M. Medina, David S. MacGilKvray, Adrien C. Margolis, David I. Mattox, Gale A. McFarlane, Jennifer A. Medina, Kathryn B. Mackay Leo Sidney Jr. Marinzoli, A. Roger Matuszewski, McFarlane, Robert C. Medley, Richard Mackevich, Eileen R.* Mark, David E. Daniel C. McFate, Patricia Ann Meers, Sharon I. MacLaury Bruce K. Mark, Hans M. Maxwell, Kenneth McFaul, Michael A.* Mehreteab, Ghebre Macomber, John Mark, Rebecca P. Robert McGarr, Cappy R. Selassie* Dewitt Marks, Leonard H. May, Ernest R. McGiffert, David E. Mehta, Ved Macomber, William B. Marks, Paul A. May, Michael M. McGovern, George S. Meissner, Doris M. Macy, Robert M. Jr. Marks, Russell E. Jr. Mayer, Claudette McGowan, Alan H. Meister, Irene W. Madrid, Arturo Markusen, Ann R. Mayer, Gerald M. Jr. McGrath, Eugene R. Mejia, James E.+ Maguire, John David Marlin, Alice Tepper Mayer, Lawrence A. McGurn, William Melby Eric D. K. Mahoney Margaret E. Marr, Phebe A. Mayhew, Alice E. McHale, Thomas R. Mello, Judy Hendren Mahoney Marron, Donald B. Maynes, Charles McHenry Donald E Melloan, George R. Thomas H. IV Marsh, Tom F. William McKeon, Elizabeth A. Melville, Richard Allen

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

119 Membership Roster

Mendelson, Sarah Miller, Matthew L. Moose, George E. Murphy, Richard M. Newberg, Esther R. Elizabeth Miller, Roberta Balstad Moose, Richard M. Murphy, Richard W Newburg, Andre WG. Mendlovitz, Saul H. Miller, Scott L. Mora, Alberto J. Murphy, Thomas S. Newcomb, Nancy S. Mendoza, Roberto G. Miller, William Green Mora, Antonio G Murray, Allen E. Newell, Barbara W. Menges, Carl Braun Millett, Allan R. Moran, Theodore H. Murray, Douglas P. Newhouse, John Menke, John R. Millington, John A. Morey, David E.* Murray, Ian P. Newman, Constance Menon, Rajan Mills, Bradford Morris, Max King Murray, Janice L. Berry Merkel, Claire Sechler Mills, Karen Gordon Morris, Milton D. Murray, Leonard II Newman, Frank N. Merkel, David A. Mills, Susan Linda Morris-Eck, Bailey Murray, Lori Esposito Newman, Jay H. Meron, Theodor Mims, Valerie A. Morrisett, Lloyd N. Murray, Robert J.* Newman, Priscilla A. Merow, John Minow, Newton N. Morrissey, Arthur C. Muse, Martha Newman, Richard T. Merrill, Philip Mintz, Daniel R.* Morse, Edward L. Twitchell Newsom, David D. Merritt, Jack Neil Miranda, Lourdes R. Morse, Kenneth P. Musham, Bettye Newton, M. Diana H. Merszei, Zoltan Mirkow, Frank J. Mortimer, David H. Martin Newton, Quigg Mertus, Julie Ann Mishkin, Alexander V. Mosbacher, Robert A. Myerson, Toby S. Ney, Edward N. Meselson, Matthew S. Mitchell, Arthur M. Ill Moseley, Teed Michael* Nicholas, N.J. Jr. Messing, F. Andy Jr.* Mitchell, George H. Jr. Moses, Alfred H. Nichols, Nancy Messitte, Zach P. Mitchell, George J. Mosettig, Michael Stephenson Mestres, Ricardo A. Jr. Mitchell, Wandra G. David N Nichols, Rodney W. Metcalf, George Rich Mize, David M. Moskow, Kenneth A. Nachmanoff, Arnold Nicholson, Jan Mettler, Ruben F. Mochizuki, Kiichi Moskow, Michael H. Nacht, Michael Niehuss, John M. Metzger, Barry* Mochizuki, Mike M. Moskowitz, James N.t Nadiri, M. Ishaq Niehuss, Rosemary Metzl, Jamie Frederic Moe, Sherwood G Moss, Ambler H. Jr. Nagl, John A. Neaher Meyer, Carl J. Moffett, George D. Moss, David A. Nagorski, Andrew Nielsen, Nancy Meyer, Edward C. Moffett, Julia Motley, Joel W Nagorski, Zygmunt Nielsen, Suzanne Meyer, John Robert Molano, Walter Mottahedeh, Roy P. Najera, Peter F. Christine Meyer, Karl E. Thomas* Motulsky, Daniel T. Nakhleh, Emile A. Nielsen, Waldemar Meyer, Michael Ryder Mondale, Walter F. Mouat, Lucia Namkung, K.A. August Meyerman, Harold J. Moniz, Ernest J.* Moynihan, Daniel P. Nasher, Raymond Nilsson, A. Kenneth Meyerson, Martin Montgomery, George Mroz, John Edwin Donald Nimetz, Matthew Michaels, Marguerite Cranwell Mudd, Daniel H.* Nathan, Andrew J. Nitze, Paul H. Mickiewicz, Ellen Montgomery, Mark C. Mudd, Margaret Farris Nathan, James A. Nitze, William A. Midgley, Elizabeth Montgomery, Mujal-Leon, Eusebio Nathanson, Marc B. Nizich, Ivana Astrid Mihaly, Eugene B. Mulford, David C. Nathoo, Raffiq A. Noam, Eli M. Mikell, Gwendolyn Parker G. Muller, Edward R. Nau, Henry R. Nogales, Luis G Miles, Edward L. Montgomery, Philip Muller, Henry Nazeri, Haleht Nolan, Janne Emilie Milestone, Judith B. O'Bryan III Muller, Steven Neal, Stephen L. Noland, Marcus Miller, Anjat Moock, Joyce Mulvenon, James C. Nealer, Kevin G.* Nolte, Richard H. Miller, Benjamin R.t Le winger Moody, Carol Mundy, Carl E. Jr. Negroponte, John D. Nonacs, Eric S. Miller, Charles R. Munger, Edwin S. Baldwin* Neier, Aryeh Nooter, Robert Miller, David Munoz, George* Moody, Jim Nelson, Anne Harry Munroe, George B. Charles Jr. Moody, William S. Nelson, Daniel N. Norman, William S. Munyan, Winthrop R. Miller, Debra L. Moore, John J. Jr.* Nelson, Jack H. Norquist, Grover Murase, Emily Moto Miller, Franklin C. Moore, John M. Nelson, Marie E. Glenn Muravchik, Joshua Miller, J. Irwin Moore, John Norton Nelson, Merlin E. Norton, Augustus Murdoch, Rupert Miller, Judith Moore, Jonathan Nelson, Robert L. Jr. Richard Murdock, Deroy Miller, Ken Moore, Julia A. Nenneman, Richard A. Norton, Eleanor Murdy, William F. Miller, Layli Moore, Paul Jr. Neuman, Stephanie G Holmes Murphy, Caryle Marie Miller, Linda B. Moorman, Neureiter, Norman* Nossel, Suzanne Murphy, Ewell E. Jr.* Neustadt, Richard E. Miller, Marcia E. Thomas S. Jr. Noto, Lucio A.

120 Membership Roster

Novack, Lynne Olson, Ronald L. Palmer, Ronald D. Pearlstine, Norman Pfeiffer, Jane Cahill Dominick* Olson, William Clinton Palmerlee, April Peckham, Gardner G. Pfeiffer, Leon K* Nuechterlein, Olvey, Lee D. Palmieri, Victor H. Pedersen, Richard Pfeiffer, Steven B. Jeffrey D. Omestad, Thomas E. Pandith, Farah A.t Foote Pharr, Susan J. Nunn, Sam Opel, John R. Panofsky, Pederson, Rena M. Phelan, John J. Jr. Nussbaum, Bruce Oppenheimer, Franz Wolfgang K.H. Pell, Claiborne Phillips, Cecil M. Nye, J. Benjamin H. Martin Paperin, Stewart J. Pelletreau, Phillips, Nye, Joseph Samuel Jr. Oppenheimer, Pardee, Scott E. Robert H. Jr. Christopher H. Michael F. Pardes, Herbert* Pelofsky, Eric J. Phillips, David L. Orentlicher, Diane* Pardew, James W. Jr. Pena, Federico F* Phillips, Russell A. Jr. Orlins, Stephen A. Parent, Alexandra Penfield, James K. Picker, Harvey o Ornstein, Norman J. Wood Perm, Mark Jeffrey Pickering, Thomas R. O'Brien, Dennis J. Orr, Robert C. Parent, Louise M. Percy, Charles H. Pieczenik, Steve R. O'Cleireacain, Carol Orszag, Peter R. Paris, Jonathan* Perea-Henze, Raul Piedra, Alberto M. Jr. O'Connor, Walter F. Osborn, John E. Park, H.K. Perella, Joseph R. Pierce, Lawrence W O'Flaherty, J. Daniel Osborne, Richard de J. Parker Feld, Karen Perera, Richard D. Pierce, Ponchitta O'Hanlon, Michael Osisek, Elizabeth M. Parker, Peretz, Don Piercy, Jan O'Hare, Joseph A. Osmer-McQuade, Barrfngton D. Jr. Perez, David Pierre, Andrew J. O'Leary, John Margaret Parker, Elizabeth Perkin, Linda J. Pigott, Charles M. O'Malley, Osnos, Peter LW. Rindskopf Perkins, Edward J. Pike, John E. Cormac K.H. Osnos, Susan Sherer Parker, Jason H. Perkins, Roswell B. Pilgrim, Kathryn O'Neil, Kathleen A. Ostermann, Christian Parker, Jay M. Perkovich, George R. Pillar, Russell I. O'Neil, Michael J. Ostlund, William Brian Parker, Penny Perle, Richard N. Pilling, Donald L. O'Neill, Michael J. Ostrander, E Taylor Parker, Richard B. Perlman, Janice Elaine Pilliod, Charles J. Jr. O'Prey, Kevin P.* Ostrowski, Stephen T.t Parkinson, Roger P. Perlmutter, Louis Pillsbury, Michael O'Rourke, Patrick J. Ovitz, Michael S. Parks, Michael Perritt, Henry H. Jr. Pilon, Juliana Geran O'Sullivan, Meghan L. Owen, Henry David Christopher Perry, Elizabeth Jean Pincus, Lionel I. Oakley, PhyUis E. Owen, Roberts Bishop Parsky, Gerald L. Perry, Robert C. Pincus, Walter H. Oakley, Robert B. Owens, James W Parsons, Richard D. Perry, William J. Pinkerton, W. Peters, Aulana L. Oberdorfer, Don Owens, William A. Pascual, Carlos E.* Stewart Jr. Peters, Michael P. Odeen, Philip A. Oxman, Bernard H. Passer-Muslin, Pino, John Anthony Petersen, Mathew Odell, JohnS. Oxman, Stephen Alan Juliette M. Pipes, Daniel Odom, William E. Oxnam, Robert B. Paster, Howard G. Scott Pipes, Richard Oettinger, Anthony G. Oye, Kenneth A. Pastor, Ed Peterson, Holly Pisano, Jane G. Offenheiser, Pastor, Robert A. Peterson, Peter G. Pitts, Joe W. Ill Raymond C. Jr.* Patel, Paragt Peterson, Rudolph A. Pizzarello, Louis D. Offit, Morris W. Patrick, Hugh T Petraeus, David H. Piatt, Alan A. Ogden, Alfred Patrick, Stewart M. Petree, Richard W. Piatt, Alexander H. Oh, Kongdan Paal, Douglas Haines Patrick, Thomas Petree, Richard W. Jr. Piatt, Nicholas Okawara, Merle Aiko Pachon, Harry P. Harold Petri, Thomas E. Planner, Marc E Olidge, Trina S. Packard, George R. Patricof, Alan Joel Petschek, Stephen R. Platz, Stephanie Oliva, L. Jay Page, Carter W Patrikis, Ernest T. Pettibone, Peter J. Semple Oliver, April A. Paine, George C. II Paul, Roland A. Petty, John R. Plaut, Peter G. Olmer, Lionel Herbert Pakula, Hannah C. Paulson, Henry M. Jr." Peyronnin, Joseph F. Plepler, Richard L. Olmstead, Cecil J. Pallesen, Edward S.t Paulus, Judith K. Pezzullo, Lawrence A. Plimpton, Calvin H. Olson, Jane T.* Parmer, Mark Pavel, Barry* Pfaltzgraff, Plumeri, Joseph J. II Olson, Lyndon L. Jr.* Palmer, Matthew A.t Payne, Donald M. Robert L. Jr. Poats, Rutherford M.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

121 Membership Roster

Pocalyko, Michael N. Pritzker, Thomas J. Raphel, Robin Lynn Rice, Susan E. Robinson, James D. Ill Podhoretz, Norman Pruitt, Lisa R. Rappaport, Alan H. Rich, Brian Allen Robinson, Pogue, Richard W. Pryce, Jeffrey F. Ratchford, J. Thomas Rich, John H. Jr. Leonard H. Jr. Polk, George W. Pryce, William T. Rather, Dan Rich, Michael D. Robinson, Linda Polk, William R. Puchala, Donald James Rattner, Steven L. Richard, Anne G Robinson, Pearl T. Pollack, Gerald A. Puckett, Allen E. Rauch, Rudolph S. Richards, Paul G. Robison, Olin G Pollack, Jonathan D. Puckett, Robert H. Raul, Alan Charles Richards, Stephen H. Roche, James G. Pollack, Kenneth M. Pulling, Edward L.t Raustiala, Kal L.t Richardson, David B. Rockefeller, David Pollack, Lester Pulling, Thomas L. Ravenal, Earl G Richardson, Rockefeller, David Jr. Polsby, Nelson W. Purcell, Susan Ravenholt, Albert V. Henry J. Ill Rockefeller, John D. IV Pond, Elizabeth Kaufman Ravich, Samantha F. Richardson, John Rockefeller, Nicholas Poneman, Daniel Pursley, Robert E. Ravitch, Richard Richardson, Rockwell, Hays H. Bruce Purvis, Nigelt Raymond, David A. Richard W Rodman, Peter W. Pool-Eckert, Pusey, Nathan M. Raymond, Jack Richardson, William B. Rodriguez, Alex Marquita J. Putnam, Robert D. Raymond, Lee R. Richardson, William R. Rodriguez, Rita M. Popkin, Anne B. Pye, Lucian W Realuyo, Celina B.t Richardson, Rodriguez, Vincent A. Popoff, Frank Pyle, Kenneth B. Rechberger, Kristin D.t Yolonda G Rodrik, Dani Porter, John Edward Redman, Charles E. Richman, Joan F. Roett, Riordan Portes, Jonathan D. Reed, Charles B. Richter, Anthony H. RoffJ.HughJr. Portes, Richard D. Reed, Jack* Riddell, Malcolm G* Rogers, John M.* Porzecanski, Arturo C. Q Reed, Joseph Verner Ridgway, Rozanne L. Rogers, William D. Reese, William Sears Posen, Adam Quainton, Anthony Rieff, David Roggero, Frederick E* Regan, Ned Rohan, Karen M. Posen, Barry R. GE. Rielly, John E. Reichert, William M. Rohatyn, Felix G Posner, Michael Quandt, William B. Riffat, Imran Reid, Ogden Rohlen, Thomas P. Posvar, Wesley W. Quester, George H. Rifkind, Robert S. Reilly, Saskia S. Rokke, Ervin J. Potter, William C. Quigley, Kevin F.F. Riordan, Michael L. Reilly, William K. Roman, Nancy Ellen Powell, Catherine Quigley, Leonard V. Ritch, John B. HI Reimer, Dennis Joe Romberg, Alan D. Powell, Colin L. Quilter, Peter A. Rivas-Vazquez, A. Reinhardt, John E. Romero, Anthony D. Powell, Jerome H. Quinn, Jane Bryant Victoria Reinhart, Carmen M. Romero, Philip Joseph Power, Philip H. Quinn, John M. Rivers, Richard R. Reinharz, Jehuda Romero-Barcelo, Powers, Averill L.* Rivkin, David B. Jr. Reisman, William Powers, Thomas Rivkin, Donald H. Carlos A. Powers, Timothy E. Michael Rivlin, Alice M. Rondeau, Ann E. Pozen, Robert G* R Reiss, Mitchell B. Rizk, Nayla M. Roney, John H. Pranger, Robert J. Rabb, Maxwell M. Remick, Elizabeth J.t Rizopoulos, Roosevelt, Theodore IV Prasso, Sheridan T Rabinowitch, Renfrew, Charles Nicholas X. Rose, Charlie Peete Jr. Precht, Henry Alexander Byron Robb, Charles S. Rose, Daniel Press, Daryl G.t Rabinowitch, Victor Rennie, Milbrey Robbins, Carla Anne Rose, Elihu Pressler, Larry Radtke, Robert W. Rennie, Renate Robert, Joseph E. Jr. Rose, Gideon Prewitt, Kenneth Radway, Laurence I. Reppert, John G Robert, Stephen Rosecrance, Richard Price, Daniel M. Raines, Franklin D. Reppy, Judith V. Roberts, Bradley H. Rosen, Arthur H. Price, Hugh Raisian, John Resor, Stanley R Roberts, Chalmers M. Rosen, Daniel H. Price, John R Jr. Ralston, Joseph W. Rey, Nicholas A. Roberts, John J. Rosen, Jane K. Price, Raymond K. Jr. Ramirez, Lilia L. Reynolds, Carolyn Ann Roberts, Richard Todd Rosen, Robert L. Price, Robert Ramo, Joshua Cooper Rhinelander, John B. Roberts, Walter R. Rosen, Stephen Peter Prickett, Glenn T.t Ramo, Simon Rhodes, John B. Sr. Robinson, Barbara Paul Rosenberg, Mark B. Priest, William W Jr.* Randolph, R. Sean* Rhodes, William R. Robinson, David Z. Rosenblatt, David S. Prieto, Daniel B. Ill Rangel, Charles B. Rice, Condoleezza Robinson, Davis R. Rosenblatt, Lionel A. Prillaman, William Gt Ranis, Gustav Rice, Donald S. Robinson, Eugene Rosenblatt, Peter R. Prince, Charles O. Ill Rankin, Clyde E. Ill Rice, Joseph A. Harold Rosenblum, Mort L.

122 Membership Roster

Rosenfeld, Stephen S. Rowny, Edward L. Samuels, Michael A. Schlefer, Mark P. Sears, Jonathan E. Rosenfield, Allan Rubin, Arthur Mark Samuels, Richard J. Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. Seaton, James B. ill Rosenfield, Patricia L. Rubin, Barnett R. Sanchez, Miguel Schlesinger, Jacob M. Segal, Sheldon J. Rosenkranz, Robert Rubin, James P. Antonio Schlesinger, James R. Segal, Susan Louise Rosenstock, Robert Rubin, James S. Sanchez, Orlando Schlesinger, Stephen C. Seibold, Frederick C. Jr. Rosensweig, Jeffrey A. Rubin, Nancy H. Sandalow, David* Schlosser, Herbert S. Seigenthaler, John L. Rosenthal, A.M. Rubin, Robert E. Sandberg, Sheryl K. Schmemann, Anya A. Seiple, Chris Rosenthal, Douglas Rubin, Seymour Sandel, Michael J. Schmemann, Serge Seitz, Frederick Eurico Jeffrey Sander, Alison B. Schmertz, Herbert Sekulow, Eugene A. Rosenthal, Jack Rubin, Trudy S. Sanders, Barry A. Schmidt, Benno Jr. Selin, Douglas Rosenthal, Mitchell S. Rudenstine, Neil L. Sanders, Marlene* Schmoke, Kurt L. Selin, Ivan Rosenwald, E. John Jr. Rudman, Warren B. Sanders, Robin Renee Schneider, Jan Serfaty, Simon Rosenwald, Nina* Ruebhausen, Oscar M. Sands, Amy Schneider, William Sesno, Frank W Rosenzweig, Ruenitz, Robert M. Sanger, David E.* Schneier, Arthur Sestanovich, Stephen R Carmen R. Ruga, Raimundo L. Sapiro, Miriam Schoen, Douglas E. Sewall, John O.B. Rosenzweig, Robert M. Ruggie, John G. Sapolsky, Harvey M. Schoettle, Enid C.B. Sewall, Sarah Roskens, Ronald W. Rugh, William A. Sargeant, Stephen Schoff, James L. Sewell, John W Rosner, Jeremy D. Runge, Carlisle Ford Thomas Schorr, Daniel L. Seymour, Frances J. Rosovsky, Henry Rupp, George E. Sassen, Saskia Schrage, Elliot J. Shafer, D. Michael Ross, Anne Ekstrand Ruttan, Vernon W. Sasser, James R.* Schreiber, Brian T* Shafer, Jeffrey R. Ross, Arthur Ruxin, Josh N.+ Satloff, Robert B.* Schroeder, Christopher Shaffer, Gail S. Shailor, Barbara Ross, Christopher W.S. Ryan, Arthur E Saul, Ralph Southey Matthew Shair-Goyer, Beth Ross, Dennis B. Ryan, John T HI Saunders, Harold H. Schubert, Richard F. Shalala, Donna E. Ross, Robert S. Ryan, Michael E. Saunders, Paul J. Schuh, G. Edward Shalikashvili, John M. Ross, Thomas B. Saunders, Phillip C. SchukerJillA. Shambaugh, David Rosso, David J. Savage, Frank Schulhof, Michael Shapiro, Andrew J. Rossotti, Charles O. Sawoski, Mark Peter Shapiro, Hal Scott Rostow, Elspeth Sawyer, Diane Schulz, William E Shapiro, Harold T. Davies Sachs, Jeffrey D. Scalapino, Robert A. Schumacher, Edward Shapiro, Isaac Rostow, Nicholas Sacks, Paul M. Schacht, Henry B. Schumer, Charles E. Shapiro, Judith R. Rostow, Walt W. Saenz, Thomas A. Schachter, Oscar Schwab, Susan Carroll Shaplen, Jason T* Rotberg, Robert I. Safran, Nadav Schadlow, Nadia C. Schwartz, Eric Paul* Sharp, Daniel A. Rotblatt, Linda S. Sagan, Scott D. Schaefer, Matthew P. Schwartz, Ethan Shattuck, John Roth, Katherine L. Said, Edward Schaffer, Howard Schwarz, Adam Shayne, Herbert M. Roth, Kenneth Sakoian, Carol Knuth Schwarz, Benjamin C. Bruner Shea, Dorothy C. Roth, Stanley Owen Salacuse, Jeswald Schwarz, Schaffer, Teresita C. Shearer, Brooke L.* Roth, William M. William Schake, Kori Frederick A.O. Jr. Sheehan, Kevin P. Roth, William V. Jr. Salazar, Ana Maria Schecter, Jerrold Schwarzer, William W. Sheehan Michael A.* Roth-Douquet, Salem, George R. Scheffer, David J. Schwarzman, Sheffield, Jill W. Kathryn Salomon, Richard E. Scheinman, Lawrence Stephen A. Shehabi, Soroush Rothenberg, David M. Salomon, William R. Schell, Orville Hickok Schwebel, Stephen M. Rothkopf, David Salzman, Anthony Schenck, James Sciolino, Elaine F Richard Jochanan David Raymond Scott, David Wilson Sheinbaum, Stanley K. Rottenberg, Linda D. Samore, Gary Scher, Robert M. Scowcroft, Brent Sheinkman, Jack Route, Ronald A. Sample, Steven B. Schick, Thomas Scranton, William W Sheldon, Eleanor B. Rovine, Arthur W. Samuels, Barbara Schiff, Frank W. Seagrave, Norman P. Shelley, Sally Swing Rowen, Henry S. Christie II Schifter, Richard Seamans, Robert C. Jr. Shelp, Ronald K.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

123 Membership Roster

Shelton, Henry H. Silver, Daniel B. Smith, Michael B. Sorensen, Theodore C. Stent, Angela Evelyn Shelton, Joanna Reed Silver, Ron Smith, Michelle A. Soros, George Stepan, Alfred C. Shelton-Colby, SaUy A. Silvers, Robert B. Smith, Nicole Venable Soros, Paul Stern, David J. Shenk, George H. Simes, Dimitri K. Smith, Perry M. Southwick, James D. Stern, Ernest Shenk, Maury David Simmons, Adele Smith, Peter Sovern, Michael I. Stern, Fritz Shepard, Stephen B. Simmons, Jamal N. Hopkinson Spain, James W Stern, H. Peter Shepardson, Robert Simmons, P.J. Smith, R. Jeffrey Spalter, Jonathan Stern, Jeffrey Thomas Simmons, Ruth J. Smith, Richard M. Spangler, Scott M. Stern, Jessica E. Sheriff, Alan R.* Simon, Francoise L. Smith, Stephen G. Spector, Leonard S. Stern, Paula Sherman, Michael Simon, Hugh V. Jr.* Smith, Theodore M. Speedie, David C. Stern, Todd D. Sherman, Wendy R. Sims, Albert G. Smith, Tony Spencer, Edson W. Stern, Walter P. Sherry, George L. Sims, Gretchen Crosby Smith, WY. Spero, Joan E. Sterner, Michael E. Sherwood, Benjamin B. Sims, Robert B. Smith, Wayne S. Spero, Joshua B.* Stetson, Anne* Sherwood-Randall, Sinclair, Paula J. Smith, Winthrop H. Jr. Speth, James Gustave Stevens, Charles R. Elizabeth D. Sinding, Steven W. Smoots, Samuel D. Speyer, Jerry I. Stevens, James W Shestack, Jerome J. Sinkin, Richard N. Snider, Don M. Spiegel, John W. Stevens, Paul Schott Shields, Geoffrey B. Sisco, Joseph John Snider, L. Britt Spielvogel, Carl Stevenson, Adlai E. Shields, Lisa Sitrick, James Baker Snow, Robert Anthony Spiers, Ronald I. Stevenson, Charles A. Shiffman, Gary M. Skidmore, Thomas E. Snowe, Olympia J. Spindler, J. Andrew Stewart, Donald M. Shifter, Michael Skinner, Elliott P. Snyder, Jack L. Spiro, Herbert John Stewart, Gordon C. Shiner, Josette S. Skinner, Kiron Kanina* Snyder, Jed C. Spratt, John M. Jr. Stewart, Ruth Ann Shinn, James J. Sklarew, Jennifer Snyder, Richard E. Springer, Jenny Stid, Daniel D. Stiehm, Judith Hicks Shinseki, Eric Friedman Snyder, Scott A. Squadron, Howard M. Stiglitz, Joseph E. Shipley, Walter V. Skol, Michael M.* Snyder, Timothy D.t Stack-O'Connor, Stiles, Deborah F. Shire, Jacqueline W Skolnikoff, Eugene B. Sobol, Dorothy Alisa M.t Stiles, Ned B. Shirk, Susan L. Slade, David R. Meadow Stackpole, D. Andrew Stith, Kate Shirzad, Faryar Slater, Joseph E. Soderberg, Nancy E. Stacks, John Stobaugh, Robert B. Shlaes, Amity Ruth Slaughter, Anne-Marie Sofaer, Abraham David Stalson, Helena Stockman, David A. Shoemaker, Slaughter, Matthew J. Sohn, Louis B. Stamas, Stephen Stoessinger, John G. Christopher C. Slaughter, Richard A. Solarz, Stephen J. Stanley, Peter W Stofft, William A. Shonholtz, Raymond* Slawson, Paul S. Solbert, Peter OA. Stanton, Frank Stoga, Alan J. Shore, Jennifer A. Sloane, Ann Brownell Solomon, Andrew Staples, Eugene S. Stokes, Bruce Shorr, David Slocombe, Walter B. Staples, Kristent Wallace* Stokes, Louis Shriver, Donald W. Sloss, Leon Starr, Kenneth I.* Solomon, Anne G.K. Stall, Ira E.t Shubert, Gustave H. Small, Lawrence M. Starr, S. Frederick Solomon, Anthony M. Stone, Jeremy J. Shulman, Colette Smalley Kathleen Steadman, Richard C. Solomon, Joshua N. Stone, Randall Shulman, Marshall D. Smalley Patricia T. Steel, Ronald Solomon, Lisa J. Stone, Roger D. Shultz, George P. Smart, S. Bruce Jr. Steiger, Paul E. Solomon, Peter J. Straus, Donald B. Shuman, Stanley S. Smith, Andrew F. Stein, David F. Solomon, Richard H. Straus, Oscar S. II Sick, Gary G. Smith, Clint E. Stein, Elliot Solomon, Robert Strauss, Robert S. Siegman, Henry Smith, Clint N. Stein, Eric Sonenshine, H. Strausz-Hupe, Robert Sifton, Elisabeth N. Smith, David Shiverick Steinberg, David J. Marshall Strautmanis, Sigal, Leon V. Smith, DeWittC. Jr. Sonenshine, Tara Steinberg, James B. Smith, Edwin M. Sigmund, Paul E. Diane Steinberg, Mark R. Michael A.t Smith, Hedrick L. Silas, C.J. Sonnenberg, Maurice Steinbruner, John D. Stremlau, John J. Smith, James McCall Steiner, Daniel Silberman, Laurence H. Sonnenfeldt, Helmut Stringer, Howard* Smith, Jean Kennedy Steiner, Joshua L. Silberman, Robert S. Sonnenfeldt, Strmecki, Marin J. Smith, Jeffrey H. Steiner, Steven E. Silberstein, Alan M.* Richard W Strock, James M. Smith, John T. II Steinfeld, Edward S. Silkenat, James R. Sorensen, Gillian Stromseth, Jane E. Smith, Malcolm B. Stempel, John D. Silver, Allison Martin Stroock, Thomas F.

124 Membership Roster

Strossen, Nadine Tang, David K.Y. Thornburgh, Dick Trebat, Thomas J. Ulman, Cornelius M. Studeman, William O. Tanham, George K. Thornell, Richard P. Trenkle, Timothy Paul Ulrich, Marybeth Styron, Rose Tanner, Harold Thornton, John L. Treverton, Gregory Peterson Sudarkasa, Niara Tanter, Raymond Thornton, Thomas Frye Ungar, Sanford J. Sughrue, Karen M. Tapia, Raul R. Perry Trezise, Philip H. Unger, David C. Suleiman, Ezra Tarnoff, Peter Thoron, Louisa Trice, Robert H. Jr. Unger, Leonard Sulkin, Seth R. Tarter, C. Bruce Tien, Chang-Lin Trimble, Charles R. Upton, Maureen T. Sullivan, Gina E. Tarullo, Daniel K. Tien, John K. Jr. Trojan, Vera M. Usher, William R. Sullivan, Gordon R. Tasco, Frank J. Tierney, Paul E. Jr. Trooboff, Peter D. Utgoff, Victor A. Sullivan, Louis W. Tashkovich, Gligor A. Tiersky Ronald Trowbridge, Utley, Garrick Sullivan, William H. Taubman, William Till, Kimberly Alexander B. Summers, Lawrence H. Taylor, Arthur R. Tillman, Seth P. Truitt, Nancy Sunderland, Jack B. Taylor, James S.* Tillou, Susan Lynnet Sherwood Sundiata, Ibrahim K* Taylor, Kathryn Timothy, Kristen Truman, Edwin M. V Supanc, Patrick Pelgrift Timpson, Sarah Tsehai, Elizabeth G. Vagliano, Alexander M. Mooret Teece, David J. Livingston Tsipis, Kosta Vagliano, Sara Suslow, Leo A. Teeter, Robert M. Tindell, Cynthia A. Tucher, H. Anton Vagts, Detlev F. Sutphen, Mona K. Teitel, Ruti G.* Tipson, Frederick S. Tuck, Edward Hallam Vaky Viron P. Sutterlin, James S. Teitelbaum, Michael S. Tirana, Amina Tucker, Jonathan B. Valenta, Jiri Sutton, Francis X. Telhami, Shibley Tisch, Laurence Alan Tucker, Katherine K. Valentine, Debra A. Suzman, Cedric Tellis, Ashley Joachim Todman, Terence A. Tucker, Nancy Valenzuela, Arturo A. Swank, Emory C. Tempelsman, Maurice Toft, Monica Duffy Bernkopf van der Vink, Swanson, David H. Temple-Raston, Dina Toll, Maynard J. Jr. Tucker, Richard Gregory E. Sweeney, John J. Simone Toloui, Ramin Frank Van Dusen, Michael H. Sweig, Julia Ellen Tenet, George J. Tomlinson, Tucker, Robert W. Van Dyk, Ted Sweitzer, Brandon W. Tennyson, Leonard B. Alexander C. Tuminez, Astrid S. Van Evera, Stephen Swenson, Eric P. Terracciano, Tomz, Michael R. Tung, Ko-Yung Van Fleet, James Swid, Scott L.t Anthony P. Topping, Audrey Turck, Nancy B. Alward Swid, Stephen Claar Terry, Sarah M. Ronning Turner, Elisabeth Van Oudenaren, John Swiers, Peter Bird Theobald, Thomas C. Topping, Seymour Russin Vance, Cyrus R. Swing, John Temple Thieme, Donald Torano, Maria Elena Turner, J. Michael Vande Berg, Marsha Szanton, Peter L. Joseph II Torres, Art Turner, Robert F. Vanden Heuvel, Jon D. Szporluk, Roman Thiessen, Marc A. Torres, Gerald Turner, Stansfield vanden Heuvel, Thiessen, Pamela Torricelli, Robert G. Turner, William C. Katrina Betht Toth, Robert C. Tusiani, Michael D.* vanden Heuvel, Thoman, G. Richard Townsend, Kathleen Tyrrell, R. Emmett Jr. William J. Thomas, Barbara S. Kennedy* Tyson, Carole Vandenberg, Martina Taft, Julia Vadala Thomas, Brooks Trachtenberg, Stephen Henderson E.t Taft, William H. IV Thomas, Evan W. Ill Joel Tyson, Laura Vander Lugt, Tagliabue, Paul Thomas, Franklin A. Train, Harry D. II D'Andrea Robert D. Tahir-Kheli, Shirin R. Thomas, James P. Train, John Varanini, Jeffrey Paul Talbot, Phillips Thomas, Lee B. Jr. Train, Russell E. Varela, Marta B. Talbott, Strobe Thomas-Lake, Hillary Trainor, Bernard E. Varmus, Harold E.* Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. Thompson, Robert L. Trani, Eugene P. u Vasquez, Iant Talwar, Puneet* Thompson, W. Scott Travis, Martin B. Jr. Udovitch, Abraham L. Vecchi, Sesto E. Tan Bhala, Kara WY. Thomson, James A. Treadway Stephen J. Uhlig, Mark Veit, Carol Michele Tang, Angelica O. Thomson, James C. Jr. Treat, John Elting Ullman, Richard H. Veit, Lawrence A.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

125 Membership Roster

Veliotes, Nicholas A. Wakeman, Webster, William H. Weymouth, Williams, Margaret Verleger, Philip K. Jr. Frederic E. Jr. Wechsler, William E Elizabeth G Douglast Verma, Richard R. Waldron, Arthur Weddle, Steven Whalen, Richard J. Williams, Melvin F. Jr. Vermilye, Peter H. Wales, Jane M. Wedgwood, Ruth Wharton, Clifton R. Jr. Williams, Michael J.t Verstandig, Toni G. Walker, Chads E. Weeks, Jennifer R. Wheeler, John K. Williams, Paul R. Verville, Elizabeth G. Walker, George R. Wehrle, Leroy Snyder Wheeler, John P. Ill Williams, Reba White Vessey, John W. Walker, Jacques P. Weidenbaum, Murray Whitaker, C.S. Williams, William J. Jr. Viccellio, Henry Jr. Walker, Jenonne Weigel, George Whitaker, Jennifer Williamson, Edwin D. Vick, Edward H. Walker, John L. Weiksner, George B. Jr. Seymour Williamson, Irving A. Victor, David G. Walker-Huntley, Weil, Frank A. Whitaker, Mark Williamson, Richard VidaLDavidJ. Mary L. Weinberg, John L. White, John P. IE Salisbury Videt, Pote* Walkling, Sarah K. Weinberg, Steven White, Julia A. Willrich, Mason Viebranz, Curtis G. Wallace, Roger Weinberger, Caspar W. White, Maureen Wilmers, Robert G. Viederman, Stephen Windham Weinert, Richard S. White, Peter C. Wilson, Don M. Ill Viets, Richard Noyes Wallerstein, Mitchel B. Weinrod, W Bruce White, Robert J. Wilson, Donald M. Vila, Adis M. Wallich, Christine I. Weinstein, Michael M. White, Timothy J. Wilson, Ernest Villar, Arturo Wallison, Peter J. Weinrraub, Sidney White, Walter H. Jr. James III Viorst, Milton Walsh, Ian Kennard Weisberg, Jacob White, William H. Wilson, Karen E. Viscusi, Enzo Walsh, Michaela L. Weisman, Steven R. Whitehead, John C. Wilson, Margaret S. Vitale, Alberto Walters, Barbara Weiss, Andrew Scott Whitehouse, Charles S. Wimpfheimer, Voell, Richard Allen Walton, Anthony John Weiss, Charles Jr. Whitman, Christine Jacques D. Vogel, Ezra F. Walton, R. Keith Weiss, Cora Todd Winden, Andrew Wt Vogelgesang, Sandy Waltz, Kenneth N. Weiss, Edith Brown Whitman, Marina V.N. Winfield, W Weiss, Elizabeth Anne Louise Wanger, Leah Zell Whitney, Craig R. Montague* Weiss, Stanley A. Vogelson, Jay M. Ward, Jennifer C. Whittemore, Wing, Adrien Weiss, Thomas G. Vojta, George J. Ward, Katherine T. Frederick B. Katherine Weissman, Ivan S. Volcker, Paul A. Ware, Carl Wiarda, Howard J. Winik, Jay* Welch, C. David Volk, Stephen R. Warner, Edward L. IE Wien, Anita Volz Winokur, Herbert S. Jr. Welch, Jasper A. Jr. von Eckartsberg, K. Warner, John William Wiener, Carolyn Seely Winship, Thomas Welch, Larry D. Gayle Rose* Warner, Volney James Wiener, Malcolm H. Winston, Michael R. Weld, William F. von Hagen, Mark Warnke, Paul C. Wiesel, Elie Winterer, Philip S. Welker, David P. Warren, Gerald L. Wilby, Peter Winters, Francis X. Louis Wells, Damon Warren, Lewis M. Jr. Wildenthal, C. Kern Winters, Laurat von Hippel, Frank Wells, Louis T. Washburn, Abbott M. Wiley, Richard A. Wirth, David A. von Lipsey, Roderick K. Wells, Samuel F. Jr. Washburn, John L. Wilhelm, Robert E. Wirth, John D. von Mehren, Robert B. Wells, Walter N. Wasserstein, Bruce Wilkerson, Thomas Wirth, Timothy E. Votaw, Carmen Wender, Ira T. Waterbury, John Wisner, Frank G. II Delgado Wendt, Allan Lloyd Waters, Cherri D. Wisner, Graham G. Vuono, Carl E. Wertheim, Mitzi Wilkie, Edith B. Watson, Alexander F. Wilkins, Roger W Witkowsky, Anne A.* Watson, Peter S. Mallina Wilkinson, Sharon P. Wittes, Tamara Wattenberg, Ben J. Wesbrook, Stephen D. Williams, Aaron S. Cofmant w Watts, John H. Weschler, Joanna Williams, Christine Witunski, Michael Wachner, Linda J. Watts, William Wesely, Edwin J. Williams, Cindy* Woerner, Fred F. Wachtel, Andrew Waxman, Matthewt West, J. Robinson Williams, Dave H* Wofford, Harris L. Baruch* Weatherstone, Dennis West, Owen O'Driscoll Williams, Eddie Wohlforth, William C* Wadsworth-Darby, Weaver, David R. West, Togo D. Jr. Nathan Wohlstetter, Roberta Mary Webb, Hoyt K. Weston, Burns H. Williams, Harold M. Wolf, Charles Jr. Waggoner, Robert C. Weber, Doron Wethington, Olin L. Williams, Haydn Wolf, Ira Wais, Marshall I. Jr. Weber, Vin Wexler, Anne Williams, Howard Roy Wolf, Milton A.

126 Membership Roster

Wolfensohn, James D. Wosepka, Kentt Yergin, Daniel H. Zimmermann, Warren Wolff, Alan Wm. Wray, Cecil Yochelson, John N. z Zinberg, Dorothy Wolff, I. Peter Wriggins, W Howard Yoffie, David B. Zabel, William D.* Shore Wolfowitz, Paul D. Wright, Abi E. Yoo, John Choon Zaccaro, Donna A. Zinder, Norton D. Wolfsthal, Jon B. Wright, Joseph R. Jr. Yordan, Jaime Zagoria, Donald S. Zinni, Anthony Wolin, Neal S. Wright, L. Patrick Ernesto Zake, Florence S.N. Charles Wolosky, Lee S. Wright, Matice J. Yoshihara, Nancy Zakheim, Dov S. Zinser, Alan Z.J. Wolpe, Howard Wright, Robin Akemi Zaleski, Michel Zipp, Brian R. Wolstencroft, Tracy R. Wright, William H. II Yost, Casimir A. Zangrillo, Robert Zirin, James D.* Woo-Cumings, Wulf, Norman A.* Young, Alice Lawrencet Zisk, Kimberly Marten Meredith Wyser-Pratte, Guy Young, Andrew Zanoyan, Vahan B. Zittrain, Jonathan L.t Wood, Suzanne Patrick Young, Edgar B. Zarb, Frank G. Zoellick, Robert B. Woods, Ward W Young, George H. Ill Zartman, I. William Zogby, James J. Woodward, Susan L. Young, Jay T. Zegart, Amy B. Zogby, Joseph R. Woolf, Harry Young, M. Crawford Zeikel, Arthur Zolberg, Aristide R. Woolsey, R. James Y Young, Michael K. Zelikow, Philip D. Zonis, Marvin Woolsey, Suzanne H. Yacoubian, Mona Young, Nancy Zelnick, C. Robert Zoric, Ivat Woon, Eden Y. Yalman, Nur O. Youngblood, Zemmol, Jonathan I. Zorthian, Barry Worden, Minky Yang, Linda Tsao Kneeland C. Zilkha, Ezra K. Zuckerman, Harriet Worenklein, Jacob Yang, Phoebe L. Yu, Frederick T.C. Zimmerman, Zuckerman, Wormuth, Christine E. Yankelovich, Daniel Yu, Peter M. Edwin M. Mortimer B. Wormian, Christian Yanney, Michael B. Yudkin, Richard A. Zimmerman, Peter D. Zwick, Charles J. Fritz Yates, Stephen Jerome Yzaguirre, Raul H. Zimmerman, William Zysman, John A.

* Elected to membership in 2001. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2001.

127 Credits

Photo Credits AP/Wide World Photos: front cover: center Ben Asen: 105 top Meg Buscema: 53, back cover: bottom Central Intelligence Agency Photographer: 29 Irina A. Faskianos: 21 Howard Heyman: 92 Ken Levinson: 11 top, 14 top, middle, and bottom, 17 bottom, 18 top and middle, 19, 23, 33 bottom, 34 top, 37, 38 top and bottom, 39 top, 43, 44 top, 54 top and bottom, 55 top and bottom, 56, 57, 58, 62 bottom, 63, 66, 70, front cover: left, back cover: top right, top-middle center, and bottom-middle left T.L. Litt: 28, 35, 64 Don Pollard: 10, 15, 17 top, 18 bottom, 31, 33 top, 36 top, 39 bottom, 40, 42, 44 bottom, 45 top left, 62 top, 108, back cover: top-middle right Rick Reinhard: 24 bottom Vincent Ricardel: 7, 45 top right, back cover: top left Elsa Ruiz: 9, 17 middle, front cover: right Kaveh Sardari: 11 bottom, 12, 13 bottom, 16, 24 top, 25, 26, 48 top and bottom, 49 top and bottom, 50 top and bottom, 51, 105 bottom, back cover: bottom-middle right Nike Zachmanoglou: 20, back cover: top-middle left Ethan Zindler: 36 bottom

The graphic on the front cover is adapted from the Council’s new website (www.cfr.org).

Editor: Patricia Lee Dorff Designer: Gene Crofts Assistant Editor: Leah Scholer Photo Editor: Erin Eizenstat Intern: Janine Hoitt Production Consultant: Virginia Rolston Parrott Copy Editors: Ed Cone, Traci C. Nagle Cover Design: Tree Media Group

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