State of the Art in Paleoenvironment Mapping for Modeling Applications in Archeology—Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions from the Paleomaps Workshop
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Demographic Uniformitarianism: the Theoretical Basis of Prehistoric Demographic Research 5 and Its Cross-Disciplinary Challenges
1 Accepted for publication 16/03/2020 at Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Special 2 Issue: Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to Prehistoric Demography) 3 4 Demographic uniformitarianism: the theoretical basis of prehistoric demographic research 5 and its cross-disciplinary challenges 6 Jennifer C. French1 & Andrew T. Chamberlain2 7 1 UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY UK 8 [email protected] 9 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, 10 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, [email protected] 11 12 13 Abstract 14 A principle of demographic uniformitarianism underpins all research into prehistoric demography 15 (palaeodemography). This principle—which argues for continuity in the evolved mechanisms 16 underlying modern human demographic processes and their response to environmental stimuli 17 between past and present— provides the cross-disciplinary basis for palaeodemographic 18 reconstruction and analysis. Prompted by the recent growth and interest in the field of prehistoric 19 demography, this paper reviews the principle of demographic uniformitarianism, evaluates how it 20 relates to two key debates in palaeodemographic research and seeks to delimit its range of 21 applicability to past human and hominin populations. 22 23 Keywords: Prehistoric demography; Uniformitarianism; Population dynamics; Life History; Archaic 24 hominins 25 1. Introduction 26 Like many historical sciences, prehistoric demography relies on a doctrine of uniformitarianism for 27 some of its foundational principles. Uniformitarianism is the adherence to the axiom that processes 28 that occurred in the past (and so cannot be directly experienced) were nonetheless likely to 29 resemble those that are observable in the present day. -
The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks. -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, Memphis, Tn, 17-18 April 2012
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, MEMPHIS, TN, 17-18 APRIL 2012 Paleolithic Foragers of the Hrazdan Gorge, Armenia Daniel Adler, Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA B. Yeritsyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA K. Wilkinson, Archaeology, Winchester University, UNITED KINGDOM R. Pinhasi, Archaeology, UC Cork, IRELAND B. Gasparyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA For more than a century numerous archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Paleolithic have been investigated in the Southern Caucasus, but to date few have been excavated, analyzed, or dated using modern techniques. Thus only a handful of sites provide the contextual data necessary to address evolutionary questions regarding regional hominin adaptations and life-ways. This talk will consider current archaeological research in the Southern Caucasus, specifically that being conducted in the Republic of Armenia. While the relative frequency of well-studied Middle Paleolithic sites in the Southern Caucasus is low, those considered in this talk, Nor Geghi 1 (late Middle Pleistocene) and Lusakert Cave 1 (Upper Pleistocene), span a variety of environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts that provide fragmentary glimpses into what were complex and evolving patterns of subsistence, settlement, and mobility over the last ~200,000 years. While a sample of two sites is too small to attempt a serious reconstruction of Middle Paleolithic life-ways across such a vast and environmentally diverse region, the sites -
The Role of North Africa in the Emergence and Development of Modern Behaviors: an Integrated Approach
Afr Archaeol Rev (2017) 34:447–449 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-017-9276-9 INTRODUCTION The Role of North Africa in the Emergence and Development of Modern Behaviors: An Integrated Approach Emilie Campmas & Emmanuelle Stoetzel & Aicha Oujaa & Eleanor Scerri Published online: 12 December 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017 This special issue of African Archaeological Review, Modern Human Behavior: A View from North Africa^ entitled BThe Role of North Africa in the Emergence organized by Abdeljalil Bouzouggar, Nick Barton, and and Development of Modern Behaviors: an Integrated Nabiha Aouadi during the UISPP conference at Burgos Approach,^ is the outcome of a session held at the 23rd in 2014 (Mutri 2016). Society of Africanist Archaeologists (SAfA) meeting TheuseofthetermBmodern behaviors^ is to- held in Toulouse, France, from June 26 to July 2, day considered to be contentious, because it is 2016. The session was organized by Emilie Campmas, based on a number of assumptions, including that Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Aicha Oujaa, and Eleanor Scerri. (1) modern behaviors are associated with modern The special issue builds on a series of recent meetings humans, (2) behavioral complexity evolves linearly and publications focusing on the same topic and region, with archaic to modern human forms, (3) features such as the meeting BModern Origins: A North African considered to be hallmarks of modern behavior Perspective,^ organized by Jean-Jacques Hublin and derive from specific European archaeological re- Shannon McPherron at the Max Planck Institute in cords, and (4) the determination of features consid- 2007 (Hublin and McPherron 2012), the session ered as either Bmodern^ or Bnon-modern^ can only BNorthwest African Prehistory: Recent Work, New be a matter of qualitative opinion. -
New Insights on Final Epigravettian Funerary Behavior at Arene Candide Cave (Western Liguria, Italy)
doie-pub 10.4436/jass.96003 ahead of print JASs Reports doi: 10.4436/jass.89003 Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 96 (2018), pp. 161-184 New insights on Final Epigravettian funerary behavior at Arene Candide Cave (Western Liguria, Italy) Vitale Stefano Sparacello1, 2, Stefano Rossi3, 4, Paul Pettitt2, Charlotte Roberts2, Julien Riel-Salvatore5 & Vincenzo Formicola6 1) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA, UMR 5199, Batiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex e-mail: [email protected] 2) Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom 3) Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Genova e le province di Imperia, La Spezia e Savona, Via Balbi, 10, 16126 Genova, Italy 4) DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy 5) Département d’Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, H3T 1N8 Montréal (QC), Canada 6) Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy Summary - We gained new insights on Epigravettian funerary behavior at the Arene Candide cave through the osteological and spatial analysis of the burials and human bone accumulations found in the cave during past excavations. Archaeothanathological information on the human skeletal remains was recovered from diaries, field pictures and notes, and data from recent excavations was integrated. The secondary deposits have traditionally been interpreted as older burials that were disturbed to make space for new inhumations. Our results suggest that those disturbances were not casual: older burials were intentionally displaced to bury younger inhumations. Subsequently, some skeletal elements, especially crania, were arranged around the new burial; these were often placed within stone niches. -
The Genomic History of the Iberian Peninsula Over the Past 8000 Years
1 The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years 2 3 Iñigo Olalde1*, Swapan Mallick1,2,3, Nick Patterson2, Nadin Rohland1, Vanessa Villalba- 4 Mouco4,5, Marina Silva6, Katharina Dulias6, Ceiridwen J. Edwards6, Francesca Gandini6, Maria 5 Pala6, Pedro Soares7, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal8, Nicole Adamski1,3, Nasreen 6 Broomandkhoshbacht1,3, Olivia Cheronet9, Brendan J. Culleton10, Daniel Fernandes9,11, Ann 7 Marie Lawson1,3, Matthew Mah1,2,3, Jonas Oppenheimer1,3, Kristin Stewardson1,3, Zhao Zhang1, 8 Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas12,13,14, Isidro Jorge Toro Moyano15, Domingo C. Salazar-García16, 9 Pere Castanyer17, Marta Santos17, Joaquim Tremoleda17, Marina Lozano18,19, Pablo García 10 Borja20, Javier Fernández-Eraso21, José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza21, Cecilio Barroso22, Francisco 11 J. Bermúdez22, Enrique Viguera Mínguez23, Josep Burch24, Neus Coromina24, David Vivó24, 12 Artur Cebrià25, Josep Maria Fullola25, Oreto García-Puchol26, Juan Ignacio Morales25, F. Xavier 13 Oms25, Tona Majó27, Josep Maria Vergès18,19, Antònia Díaz-Carvajal28, Imma Ollich- 14 Castanyer28, F. Javier López-Cachero25, Ana Maria Silva29,30,31, Carmen Alonso-Fernández32, 15 Germán Delibes de Castro33, Javier Jiménez Echevarría32, Adolfo Moreno-Márquez34, 16 Guillermo Pascual Berlanga35, Pablo Ramos-García36, José Ramos Muñoz34, Eduardo Vijande 17 Vila34, Gustau Aguilella Arzo37, Ángel Esparza Arroyo38, Katina T. Lillios39, Jennifer Mack40, 18 Javier Velasco-Vázquez41, Anna Waterman42, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich43,44, María Benito 19 Sánchez45, Bibiana Agustí46,47, Ferran Codina47, Gabriel de Prado47, Almudena Estalrrich48, 20 Álvaro Fernández Flores49, Clive Finlayson50,51,52,53, Geraldine Finlayson50,52,53, Stewart 21 Finlayson50,54, Francisco Giles-Guzmán50, Antonio Rosas55, Virginia Barciela González56,57, 22 Gabriel García Atiénzar56,57, Mauro S. -
Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated 14C Dates As Population Proxies Felix Riede University College London, [email protected]
Human Biology Volume 81 Issue 2 Special Issue on Demography and Cultural Article 11 Macroevolution 2009 Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated 14C Dates as Population Proxies Felix Riede University College London, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol Recommended Citation Riede, Felix (2009) "Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated 14C Dates as Population Proxies," Human Biology: Vol. 81: Iss. 2-3, Article 11. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol81/iss2/11 Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated 14C Dates as Population Proxies Abstract Although difficult to estimate for prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations, demographic variables—population size, density, and the connectedness of demes—are critical for a better understanding of the processes of material culture change, especially in deep prehistory. Demography is the middle-range link between climatic changes and both biological and cultural evolutionary trajectories of human populations. Much of human material culture functions as a buffer against climatic changes, and the study of prehistoric population dynamics, estimated through changing frequencies of calibrated radiocarbon dates, therefore affords insights into how effectively such buffers operated and when they failed. In reviewing a number of case studies (Mesolithic Ireland, the origin of the Bromme culture, and the earliest late glacial human recolonization of southern Scandinavia), I suggest that a greater awareness of demographic processes, and in particular of demographic declines, provides many fresh insights into what structured the archaeological record. I argue that we cannot sideline climatic and environmental factors or extreme geophysical events in our reconstructions of prehistoric culture change. -
Meetings Version of the Paleoanthropology Society Abstracts Vancouver, B.C., Canada: 25–26 March 2008
Meetings Version of the Paleoanthropology Society Abstracts Vancouver, B.C., Canada: 25–26 March 2008 In Order to Ensure Accuracy in the Published Abstracts (April 2008), Presenters Please Note: 1) Not all special characters came through in the submission process; if you have grey highlighted segments in your abstract, please e‐mail the correct information to [email protected] [Deb Olszewski] 2) If you have more than SIX authors on your abstract, please check the Program for the Meetings (separate downloadable document on the society’s website). If additional authors are missing, please e‐mail their information (first and last names, affiliations, country, e‐mail address) to [email protected] [Deb Olszewski] Ambrose et al. Paleosol Carbonate and Pollen Evidence for Deforestation and Cooling in South Asia Caused by the Toba Super‐Eruption: Implications for Human Evolution The eruption of Toba, Sumatra, ~73,000 years ago was the largest explosive eruption of the past two million years. Its impacts on global and regional climate and on human evolution remain controversial. Ash from the Toba eruption crops out as channel‐fill and lake basin deposits across peninsular India, and is present in marine sediment cores from the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the East China Sea. Ice core records show that this eruption marks a six‐year‐long volcanic winter, and the abrupt onset of a 1,800‐year‐ long period of the coldest temperatures of the last 125,000 years. We present results of two independent lines of inquiry into the impact of this eruption and instant ice age on ecosystems in India and Sumatra. -
Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to Prehistoric 3 Demogr
1 Accepted for publication 07/10/2020 2 3 Contribution to special issue “Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to Prehistoric 4 Demography” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 5 6 7 8 A Manifesto for Palaeodemography in the 21st Century 9 10 Jennifer C. French1 11 Philip Riris2 12 Javier Fernandéz-López de Pablo3 13 Sergi Lozano4 14 Fabio Silva2 15 16 1. Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool; UCL 17 Institute of Archaeology ([email protected]) 18 2. Institute for the Modelling of Socio-Environmental Transitions, Bournemouth University 19 3. I.U. de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, University of Alicante 20 4. University of Barcelona 21 22 23 24 1. Defining palaeodemography: aims and scope 25 26 Demography is the study of human populations and their structure, i.e. the composition of 27 populations, and the subdivision of the metapopulation into smaller subunits. Palaeodemography 28 refers to the study of the demography of ancient populations for which there are no written sources 29 (broadly synonymous with ‘prehistoric demography’) [1]. Palaeodemography shares the core 30 aims of its present-day counterpart; namely, to document and explain changes within, and 31 variations between, the size and structure of human populations. However, by definition, no direct 32 demographic data–equivalent to modern-day censuses or registration forms–exist for prehistoric 33 populations. Instead, palaeodemographic information is derived from a wide range of proxies, 34 which only indirectly inform on demographic processes and parameters. 35 1 36 Accordingly, at present we consider palaeodemography to be less an independent field akin to 37 demography proper, and more an interlinked set of cross-disciplinary interests sharing the 38 common aims of reconstructing and analysing prehistoric population histories. -
PRECONTACT POPULATION DECLINE and COALESCENCE in the SOUTHERN SOUTHWEST the Phoenix Basin Was the Heartland of the Hohokam Regional System for Nearly a Millennium
PRECONTACT POPULATION DECLINE AND COALESCENCE IN THE SOUTHERN SOUTHWEST The Phoenix Basin was the heartland of the Hohokam regional system for nearly a millennium. Hundreds of miles of irrigation canals supported more than 20,000 people during the early 1300s, but the valley was devoid of inhabitants when the first Jesuit missionary visited the area in the 1690s (note all dates are A.D.). The magnitude of this population loss has been a topic of research for more than a century, yet there is still no widely accepted explanation. Furthermore, recent research has shown that the entire southern Southwest experienced a severe reduction in population prior to the arrival of Spaniards in the New World in 1540. Over the long term the American Southwest experienced population growth. What can account for such a dramatic reversal of this trend, and why is the decline so great in the southern Southwest? This proposal requests funding to investigate evidence of precontact population decline in the Phoenix Basin and three other areas in the southern Southwest. This research builds directly on work partly funded by NSF in the San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona. Our San Pedro Valley research revealed a complex demographic history, and we found that a theoretical model of coalescence helped us to understand the interrelationship of late precontact demographic processes. In the American Southeast, a similar coalescent society model has been applied to the early historic period when population decline and related disruptions led to cultural reorganization and formation of aggregated, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual communities. We postulate that a variety of social stresses stimulated the formation of coalescent communities in the Southwest by 1250 to 1300. -
The Main Nile Valley at the End of the Pleistocene (28–15 Ka): Dispersal Corridor Or Environmental Refugium? Alice Leplongeon
The Main Nile Valley at the End of the Pleistocene (28–15 ka): Dispersal Corridor or Environmental Refugium? Alice Leplongeon To cite this version: Alice Leplongeon. The Main Nile Valley at the End of the Pleistocene (28–15 ka): Dispersal Corri- dor or Environmental Refugium?. Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2021, 8, pp.607183. 10.3389/feart.2020.607183. hal-03124192 HAL Id: hal-03124192 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03124192 Submitted on 28 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License REVIEW published: 27 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.607183 The Main Nile Valley at the End of the Pleistocene (28–15ka): Dispersal Corridor or Environmental Refugium? Alice Leplongeon 1,2* 1Department of Archaeology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Paris, France Under present environmental conditions, the Nile Valley acts as a ‘natural’ route between Africa and Eurasia, and is often considered as a corridor for dispersals out of and back into Africa in the past. -
August 10, 2012 CURRICULUM VITAE George J. Armelagos
August 10, 2012 CURRICULUM VITAE George J. Armelagos I. PERSONAL Department of Anthropology 108 Anthropology Emory University Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Phones: 404-727-2215 (Office) 404-727-2860 (Office FAX) e-mail: [email protected] II. EDUCATION Lincoln Park High School 1950-1954 University of Michigan 1954-1958 B.A. Degree 1958 University of Michigan Medical School 1958-1959 University of Michigan -Rackham Graduate School 1959-1960 University of Colorado 1961-1968 M.A. Degree 1963 Ph.D. Degree 1968 III. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology, 2005- Chair, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 2003 -2009 Professor, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 1993-2005 Professor and Chairman, University of Florida, Gainesville 1990-1993 Affiliate Curator, Department of Anthropology, Florida State Museum of Natural History. 1991- 1993 Professor, Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, 1978-1990. Professor Emeritus, 1991 Visiting Professor, University of Colorado, summer 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 Associate Professor, Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, February 1973-1978 Director, University of Massachusetts Honors Program, 1974-1977 Acting Chair, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, summer 1971, 1972. Assistant Professor in Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, September 1968-1973 Visiting Professor, National Science Foundation Summer Institute for College Teachers in Anthropology, University of Colorado, summer 1971. Visiting