Society for California Archaeology ·~EWSLETTER

Volume 26 Number 4 J uly 1992

Rock Art Of The Foothills Of The Northern Sierra Nevada--Southern Cascade Range Interface by Eric W. Ritter and E. Breck Parkman

Introduction The Prehistoric Record

Known rock art sites within the foothill zone of Cal­ The prehistory of the study region is represented by ifornia's northern Sierra Nevada and southern Cas­ five complexes. including the earliest, the Mesilla, cades, centered in Butte, Plumas. Sutter and Yuba beginning perhaps 3500 to 4000 years ago, followed Counties, are neither plentiful nor extensive. There by the Bidwell (AD . 1-AD. 800). Sweetwater (AD. have been 36 sites documented in this region (Figure 800 AD.-AD.1500). Oroville (AD. 1500 to contact). 1), and a dozen more are known but not doc­ and Historic (Ritter 1968, 1970). umented. All of these sites are petroglyphs. What may be lacking in terms of numbers, however, is It is hypothesized that the foothill Mesilla Complex compensated for by the diversity of the imagery. represents proto-Hokan speakers who were dis­ placed, probably during Bidwell or Sweetwater Payen (1966). and later Heizer and Clewlow (1973). times, by proto-Penutian speakers (cf. Kowta examined northern Sierran styles of motif complexes 1988:182- 191). These later proto-Penutian people , -rgely from the materialistic, classificatory per- brought with them better methods for processing 1ective considering patterns in the rock art as and exploiting the local acorn crop and salmon­ easures of cultural phenomena. Such an lamprey runs and techniques of (preservation/ approach, while sometimes arbitrary and ambigu­ storage). This precipitated greater sedentism but ous, should not be discounted. On our part. we with some transhumance. (Continued on page 4) believe rigorous, largely objective analyses to be useful. We feel that rock art styles or complexes of symbols in the Sierra Nevada-Cascades foothill interface must also be examined as a means of social communication, networking (interaction. identity. negotiation, conflict resolution) and possibly sup­ plication toward m aking sense of their world. This approach, linking the materialistic with the mentalist approaches, is explored in this discussion.

OROVIL lE Our principal hypotheses are that the rock art sites are representative of at least two different cultural groups. one late prehistoric/protohistoric and the other "middle" prehistoric. These sites are pos­ tulated to have l argely served socio-religious pur­ poses but in varied social settin~s over time. Fur­ thermore. much of the earlier rock art is hypothesized to fit best within a shamanistic neuro­ psychological model (Whitley 1990) based on pro­ duction within probable sacred settings. Alter­ natively, we postulate that the late rock art was generally more public and related more directly to fertility/food production (Payen 1966:91). Both rock ~ ~ phases have apparent variations in motif pres- tation and occurrence related to further time­ ace and informational patterns as yet poorly u.iderstood. Figure 1. Map of the study region showing site locations and eth­ nographic boundaries. SCA Executive Board 1992-93

President - Dick Markley (""'=P=r=e=s=id=e=n=t='s=M=e=s=s=ag=e=c:::) Tahoe National Forest 631 Coyote Street All indications are that California's first Archaeologi P. 0. Box 603 Week was a resounding success. Nearly everyone Nevada City, CA 95959-6003 who hosted events reported good attendance, and we w: (916) 265-4531 have had numerous requests for John Lytle's excel­ lent poster. Clearly, public interest in archaeology is President-Elect - John Johnson very high, and the wide variety of Archaeology Week Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History activities held during the week helped to pique that 2559 Puesta del Sol Rd interest. We even received word that Governor Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Wilson, upon seeing the Archaeology Week poster, w: (805) 682-4711 Ext. 306 requested a signed copy. The Archaeology Week Committee ls going to make sure the governor gets Immediate Past President - James H. Cleland his poster and ls already hard at work planning for Dames & Moore next year's events. The Committee and all of the 9665 Chesapeake Drive, #360 many SCA members who helped organ!ze or par­ San Diego, CA 92123 ticipated in Archaeology Week, should be very proud w: (619) 541-0833 of their accomplishment.

Northern Vice-President - Michael Kelly Since the Annual Meeting in Pasadena, I have been Dames & Moore busy contacting current and prospective committee 60 Declaration Dr. Suite B chairs and working to establish several new com­ Chico, CA 95926 mittees. I am pleased to report that I have been w: (916) 893-9675 fairly successful, although I still have a few more calls to make. The last page of the Newsletter lists Southern Vice-President - Joanne Mack the various committees and chairs. Department of Sociology & Anthropology One newly formed committee, the Native American 425 North College Avenue Pomona College Programs Committee which Philip de Barros has agreed to chair, is described in this Newsletter. Claremont, CA 91 711 Another new committee is the Avocational Society w: [714) 621-8555 Ext 4278 Coordination Committee. Anne Duffield-Stoll, whc Secretary - Elena Nilsson has done such a fine job with her Newsletter columr on avocational society activities, has agreed to chaiJ Dames & Moore this important committee. At the Executive Board 60 Declaration Dr., Suite B meeting in June, the SCA Board voted to establish a Chico, CA 95926 new annual award to recognize outstanding avoca­ w: [916) 893-9675 tional society accomplishments, and the first job of the committee will be to recommend a name for the Treasurer - Constance Cameron award and develop criteria for selecting_ a recipient Museum of Anthropology each year. California State University Fullerton, CA 92634 The State budget battles are still being fought in w: (714) 773-3977 Sacramento, and it ls uncertain where the budget axe will fall. The SCA is working closely with the SCA Staff historic preservation community to support and SCA Business Office encourage legislative actions that favor the preserva­ Department of Anthropology tion and conservation of heritage resources. To be California State University successful in the long run however, we must Fullerton, CA 92634 increase our efforts to educate and inform the public [714) 773-3977 and our elected representatives about the value of Newsletter Editor - Valerie Levulett archaeology and historical resources. 915 Mesa St.. Morro Bay, CA 93442 Archaeology Week is one key way we can accomplish w: (805) 549-3669 - h: (805) 772-1971 public education. In the past few weeks I have been FAX [805) 549-3077 approached by several SCA members and repre­ Newsletter Preparation - Doug Bryce sentatives from the historic preservation community P. 0. Box 28366 about the need to develop informative brochures on Sacramento, CA 95828-0366 (916) 383-2530 archaeology and historic preservation that are stra­ FAX (91.6) 387-1179 tegically directed towards (Continued on page 3

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 2 July 1992 President's Message SCA Proceedings Vol. 6 (Continued from page 2) Due Date by Martin D. Rosen aey public audiences. With the talent we have in the SCA, I believe that we can, and should, assume an Please submit your papers for Volume 6 of the SCA important leadership role in this effort. I have !nit- Proceedings by September 1, 1992. Please include a iatiated discussions with the SCA Board and others computer floppy along with all final graphics (maps, about expanding the activities of the Public Inter­ line drawings, illustrations, tables, etc.) . Mail sub­ action Committee to include several new public edu­ missions to: cation projects. ii Martin D. Rosen I In the midst of dealing with day-to-day issues, I SCA Proceedings think it is important that we not lose sight of the 7226 Via Avenue need to plan for the future. As an organization, we San Diego, CA 92120-1926 need _to look ahead and see where we are going and where we want SCA to be in the year 2000. Last I can be reached at (619) 688-6751 if you have any year, Jamie Cleland offered some insights and pro­ questions. If you plan to submit a paper, but for jections about where we might strive to be financially whatever reason cannot make the above due date and in terms of our organizational infrastructure. please call me and let me know in advance. I wili accept late submiSsions, but I must know. Thank This type of vision and strategic planning needs to you. be expanded to encompass the entire realm of SCA programs. What is our long term plan for increasing public understanding and support for archaeology? SCA Needs Help in What is our legislative agenda? What is our plan for acheiving the goals of the organization as specified in Marketing, Advertising the By-laws? What is our strategy for making annual, incremental progress towards acheiving our and Public Outreach goals? Perhaps at our next annual meeting in Asil­ omar we can devote some time to consideration of these and other questions. I think it would be time As a result of the tremendous statewide response to :11 spent and have discussed the possibility of orga­ California Archaeology Week and other factors, the oing a "Strategic Planning" workshop with the president of SCA is aware of a need to create bro­ chures about what, how and why we do archaeology. -~ecutive Board and with Program Chair Bill Hilde­ brandt. I would be interested in hearing your Topical themes which have been identified include thoughts and suggestions for such a workshop. public agency and private property owner informa­ tion packets, information regarding Native Amer­ I hope that you are already thinking ahead to 1993 icans and archaeology, and general education of the and our Annual Meeting at the Asilomar State Con­ the public about cultural resources. The SCA is ference Center. The meeting will be held during establishing a committee to plan, design, implement Easter week, which we hope will facilitate greater and distribute the brochure(s) or inserts. student attendance (the room rates are the best we have been able to offer in many years too). The "con­ We are particularly interested in hearing from mem­ ference" atmosphere and beautiful setting of Asil­ bers who have experience in marketing, advertising, omar should help make for a memorable experience. layout, design, interpretive writing, liaison work with It will also require us to plan better and earlier than local agencies, brochure writing and other related we normally are accustomed to.. Both Bill Hilde­ skills. If you are interested, please contact Dick brandt and Local Arrangements Chair Tom Jackson Markley, Tahoe National Forest, P.O. Box 603, are already hard at work planning a number of spe­ Nevada City, CA 93105 or Shelly Davis-King, INFO- cial activities, \VOrkshops and events. \Ve hope that you will take advantage of the timing and location of the Annual Meeting to mix a little business with pleasure. Plan on bringing your family to Asilomar and enjoy beautiful Monterey Bay.

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 3 July 1992 fall within Payen's (1966:64) Style 6, Valley Sierran Rock Art Abstract group, Three sites (Woodworth. Berry Creek, and Mountain Sprtngs School) have single (Continued from page 1) panels of such motifs as a glid or selies of diamonds or parallelograms. or a reticulate. These sites are all The Regional Rock Art in relatively isolated situations such as all sampl,"A sites with complex imagery (excluding those wit:~ Of the 36 sites represented in the sample, 28 have just cupules or. cupules and grooves). The Powell" - cupules or are associated with cupules. Half of Creek site (CA-But-173) is reported to have cupules these sites are characterized by cupules only, while and wavy lines. Diamond or parallelogram patterns another si'c have cupules with grooves or pecked also occur in Payen's higher Sierra Campbell's Lake lines. incised lines. or both. Cupules form sec­ site (CA-Plu-4). ondary elements at eight sites where valious abstract/naturalistic figures occur. One of the more complex sites in the sample ls the Table Mountain site (CA-But-70) on the edge of the • Of the 28 cupule or pitted boulder sites, 15 have no Sacramento Valley. The conspicuous petroglyph boulder ls located half-way down the side of the mountain. This site was originally reported in an April 20, 1935. Sacramento Bee article but was lost to science until recently rediscovered (Figure 2).

The Bidwell Bar site (CA-But-543). situated on the Feather River in reasonable proximity (ca. 12 km). is symbolically similar to the Table Mountain site.

~.r I ../ ...... ~: ·. ·. ·, • + -~

' ' ,. J '' . ' Figure 2. Reproduction of Panel A and Panel D (lower portion) petroglyphs of the Table Mountain site (CA-But-70) based on a tracing.

other elements or have cupules as the only elements complising a separate panel. There are si'c sites that contain cupules a11d grooves (in three cases also associated with abstract and naturalistic elements). and two sites with cupules and both pecked or rubbed grooves and incised lines. Cupules at sites with naturalistic or abstract elements are not found with incised lines. In two examples. cupules occur with grooved grids. Cupules generally do not appear to follow any obvious patterning except in rela­ tionship to these grtdlike forms.

Our study reveals that sites with cupules are com­ Figure 3. Drawing of the Bidwell Bar site along the Feather River near Oroville are reproduced from Payen (1966:Fig. 82). The monly found with habitation sites and milling fea­ r tures, infrequently in isolation. and generally adja­ site is now under Lake Oroville. cent to major \Vater sources. In the majolity of cases they would have been clearly visible to the occupants The rock face includes horned anthropomorphs. dot of the site, assuming contemporaneity. This pattern and dash sequences. reticulate forms (fish skeletons of site association is also apparent to the north in or teeth?). possible animal tracks. vartous curved Yana territory, although here bedrock mortars are line elements, and a few other miscellaneous geo­ rare. metlic figures (Figure 3). The nearby Foreman Creek site (Payen 1966:Fig. 2). on the other hand, includes There are six sites which do not have cupules which not only reticulates (Continued on page r·

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 4 July 1992 Rock Art (Continued from page 4) ,,~ i: )Ut a·series of concentric circles and star or sun­ 'l\\I·.~ . ~ ~urst-like symbols along with a diamond-patterned .1gure and a few circles and cunrilinear elements. No I ~ . cupules are present here (Figure 4). ~ . _{fC: tural and temporal boundaries (cf. Lewis-Williams and Dowson 1988). 0 40cm Heizer and Baumhoff (1962:238) have noted that Figure 4. Reproduction of a drawing of the Foreman creek site cupule sites or cup-and-groove sites may be "an (CA-But-82) near Oroville following Payen (1966:Fig-2) . This site ancient and widespread petroglyph style that was is now under Lake Oroville. abandoned in some areas but persisted in others up to the historic period." hypothesized that Payen's Valley-Sierran Abstract style represents a modified version of his High Sierra We believe that the diamond or parallelogram motifs Abstract and Representational style which diffused found at some of the s ites may be relatively late pre­ into the western foothills during late Mesilla times. historic in age. tentatively based on the congruence In retrospect. it seems possible, despite the ambigu­ with symbolism on Maiduan ceremonial regalia and ity in dating, that some of these motif complexes may Maidu/Yana basketry. have been an aftermath of the Penutian intrusion.

The d a ling of sites with naturalistic and abstract Meanings And Purposes symbols is problematical. Few cultural associations other than bedrock mortars have been found. This Rock art sites in the study region encompass a alone may indicate a Penutian affiliation over the variety of environmental settings, ages. and sociolog­ last 2000 years (Johnson 1984:427). Payen ical and ideological contexts. There are no simple (1966:70) has noted both earlier and later cultural answers to the questions of meaning and purpose. m aterials found with sites containing similar motifs. and we do not expect that our efforts will stand well the test of time. However, we offer what is perceived Ritter ( 1970: 1 76, 178) has proposed an association as the best fit of the meager data under a theoretical -..f abstract-naturalistic art in this region with the approach that bridges Arnericanist and cognitive '1esilla Complex. Kowta (1988:211) has archaeology. (Continued on page 6)

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 5 July 1992 Butte Counties, California, An Introduction and Interpretiue Model. Ms. on file at the California Site Rock Art Inventory Northeast Information Center, California (Continued from page 5) State University, Chico. Lewis-Williams, J.D., and T.A. Dowson Cu pules [and cu pules with grooves and/ or incisions) 1988 The Signs of All Ttmes: Entopic Phenomena in were probably used for a number of purposes. Aside Upper Paleolithic Art. Current Anthropology from a fertility association. an alternative or comple­ 29:201-246. mentary interpretation possible in this region is that of the reproduction of world order and production­ Nissen. Karen M.. and Eric W. Ritter related social processes as discussed by Nissen and 1986 Cupped Rock Art in North-Central California: Ritter (1986). Hypotheses Regarding Age and Social/ Ecological Context. In American Indian Rock Art ~ Volume XI, edited by William D. Hyder, Helen Crotty. J. There is both Maiduan and Yana ethnographic infor­ Kay Sanger, and Frank Bock, pp. 59-76. American mation that seems to support Whitley's (1990) Rock Art Research Association, El Toro. hypothesis regarding an association of at least some of the abstract/naturalistic rock art sites with sha­ Payen, Louis A. manistic vision quest experiences. These remote 1966 Prehistoric Rock Ari in the Norihern Sierra sites include iconography of possible entoptic [phos­ Nevada, California. Unpublished Master's phene/hallucinatory) phenomena (Lewis-Williams Thesis, Department of Anthropology, and Dowson 1988, Whitley 1988) with shamanistic California State University, Sacramento. associations such as the rattlesnake and bear paw Ritter. Dale W., and Eric W. Ritter symbols and the "Vine" symbol found on ceremonial 1976 Prehistoric Pictography in North America of belts as well as baskets. Continuity lines are also Medical Significance. Jn Medical Anthropology. proposed as being a shamanistic device (Ritter and edited by Francis X Grollig. S.J. and Harold B. Ritter 1988) (Figures 2, 3, and 4). Haley. pp. 137-228. Mouton Publishers. The Hague. Conclusions 1988 Line Conventions in Rock Art of North America. The rock art in the study region presumably served a Paper presented at the First Australian Rock Art number of functions and held many meanings. All Research Association Congress, Darwin. of the interpretations that we suggest-those of Ritter, Eric W. ensuring human fertility and health, of a production 1968 Culture History of "Tie Wiah" (4-But-84), schedule of sustenance goods, of maintaining social Orouille Locality, California. Unpublished identity can be generally interpreted as assisting Master's Thesis, Department of Anthropology, socio-economic stability .and integration. The sym­ University of California, Davis. bolic and ideological practices operated lo lessen dis­ cord and to improve social harmony and solidarity, 1970 Northern Sierra Foothill Archaeology: Culture often with the shaman serving as the religious for­ History and Culture Process. In Papers on California and Great Basin Prehistory, edited mulator and mover. the inspiration for channeled by Eric W. Ritter, Peter D. Schulz and Robert group thinking and action. What we do not know is Kautz. pp. 171-184. Center for Archaeological the success of these practices and whether the pur­ Research at Davis Publication No. 2. Davis. pose served the end, considering the proposed occu­ pational instability over the long term and the con­ Whitley. David S. comitant cultural intrusions. 1988 Bears and Baskets: Shamanism in North American Rock Art. In The State of the Art: References Aduances in World Rock Art, edited by Thomas A. Dowson, pp. 34-45, Rock Art Research Unit. Heizer, Robert F., and Martin A Baumhoff Archaeology Department, University ofWitwaterssr 1962 Prehistoric Rock Art of Neuada and Eastern and, Johannesburg. California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1990 lo Have Died": Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Heizer, Robert F., and C. W. Clewlow. Jr. Western North America. Paper Presented at the 1973 Prehistoric Rock Ari of California. Ballena Press. American Anthropological Association Meeting, Ne\V Ramona. California. Orleans.

Johnston, Jerald J. 1984 Ground Stone Assemblages in Northeastern Editors Note: This paper was adapted from a 1992 article California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, by the authors which appeared in American Indian Rock Department of Anthropology, University of Art, uol. IS. pp 81-104, edited by Frank G. Bock. American California, Davis. · Rock Ari Association, San Miguel. Kowta. Makoto 1988 The Archaeology and Prehistory of Plumas and

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 6 July 1992 introduced. This brings the total number of bills for News And Views From the two-year session up to about 6,000. The fol­ lowing will affect OHP: The Office Of AB 2881, Frazee. California Register: This spot bill Historic Preservation to establish the California Register of Historical Resources has passed out of the Assembly and is by Sandra J. Elder scheduled for the Senate Natural Heritage Com­ • OHP Public Information Coordinator mittee. Personnel Update AB 3037. Hauser. Historic Preseivation, Property Recordation: This bill would m andate that historical Governor Pete Wilson has appointed four additional districts and individual historical sites be recorded employees to assist Department of Parks and Rec­ with the county recorder in order to be effective. reation Director Donald W. Murphy in the reor­ This bill has passed out of the Assembly and is ganization of the department. scheduled for the Senate Natu ral Heritage Com­ mittee. Marty Dyer. Chief Deputy Director, is a veteran state government employee having been the chief deputy AB 3755; Chandler, California Heritage Con­ director for the Governor's Office of Planning and seivancy: The proposed wording is still in the Gov­ Research . ernor's Office for review. This spot bill has passed out of the Assembly and is scheduled for the Senate Mary R. Wright. Deputy Director for External Affairs. Natural Heritage Committee. · has been with the Department since 1976 and recently served as the district superintendent for the 1992 Governor's Historic Preservation Awards Monterey District. Mrs. Gayle Wilson, representing Governor Pete Robert Hudson. Assistant Director for Public Affairs. Wilson presented the 1992 Governor's Historic Pres­ was recently vice-president for communications and ervation Awards during National Historic Preserva­ military affairs for the San Diego Chamber of Com­ tion Week. The ceremonies were held in the Gov­ merce. ernor's Reception Room on May 12, 1992. Mrs. Wilson said, "It is fitting to make these presentations Daniel Abeyta. Assistant Director for Cooperating today as our state celebrates Historic Preservation A~sociations and Minority Community Development, Week in California .. . and that California honor the w:,v,as reappointed to the position that he has held eight most outstanding organizations selected as since 1989. part of the 20th annual national celebration. whose theme this year is 'Preseivation Brings History to Director Murphy has also appointed Raye A Har­ Life'." These organizations were recognized for their rington as the Deputy Director, Administration Divi­ long-term or continuing interest in historic preserva­ sion. She has eleven years experience in state gov­ tion activities in their community and for bringing ernment as deputy director for administration and history to life. banking in the State Treasurer's Office. Ken Jones is the new Deputy Director for Park Stewardship. He The Environmental Office, San Francisco Regional has worked for the State of California for 22 years. Office, U. S . Department of Housing and Urban most recently as Regional Director of DPR's Southern Development received the award for its commitment Region. to provide leadership, training, and guidance, in the area of historic preservation, to both its own agency The final report of the Phoenix Committee was and to local goveITlIIlents with community develop­ issued May 12, 1992. The Office of Historic Pres­ ment programs. ervation now reports to the Deputy Director for External Affairs. The report proposes to move the The Sierra County Historical Society was com­ State Historic Preseivation Officer position from the mended for its creative and effective operation of the Director·s Office to OHP and make the position 50% Kentucky Mine Park and Museum, one of the ear­ federal funded . Also, proposed is the possible elim­ liest quartz mines in Sierra County. ination of an Associate State Archaeologist position and the reclassification of one State Historican III Mariposa County Board of Supervisors was rec­ position to State Historian II. The OHP staff will ognized for its commitment to the successful and remain as currently authorized with 19 people. sensitive rehabilitation of Mariposa County's 1854 Greek Revival Courthouse. Legislative Update Plumas County Board of Supervisors was acknowl­ The deadline for the introduction of new bills passed edged for its commitment to the successful preseiva­ . n February 21 and more than 2,300 new bills were tion of the (Continued on page 8)

SCA Newsletter 26 ( 4) 7 July 1992 Office of Historic Preservation WHEREAS the Congress of the United States in Senate Joint Resolution 217 has requested the Pres­ (Continued from page 7) ident to proclaim 1992 the year of the American Indian; and James P. Beckwourth's Cabin. Beckwourth repre­ sents the pioneering spirit that many African Amer­ WHEREAS the United Nations has recognized 1993 icans brought to early California in their search for a as the International Year for the World's Indigenous better life. People;

The Church of the Angels, Pasadena, was con­ NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MEM­ gratulated for its commitment to the successful seis­ BERS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL RESOURCES mic restoration of the church and the reconstruction COMMISSION that official recognition. be given to of the destroyed tower, damaged in the 1977 earth­ California's Native Americans during July 1, 1992 quake. through June 30, 1993 and ask that all Californians take this time to consider the contributions made by The Resource Protection Division of the State these first Californians. Department of Parks and Recreation was com­ mended for the establishment of a "Fragile Archae­ This Resolution of Recognition is hereby unan­ ological Site Rehabilitation" program to protect imously approved and adopted by the State His~ archaeological resources from the effects of erosion torical Resources Commission this first day of May and vandalism which demonstrated a sincere com­ 1992." mitment of stewardship· in the conservation of the State's cultural environment.

The City of Santa Cruz was congratulated for its From Bears To Bison - The assistance in the successful seismic rehabilitation of Great Scraper Debate the Palomar Inn in Santa Cruz which has returned a valuable historic resource to usefulness and ensured by Roy Salls, Curator of Anthropology, the preservation of a portion of the city's rich and Lompoc Museum varied history.

The Burlingame Avenue Properties was commended A Nipomo resident, Mike Whiteley, called the Lompoc for its positive commitment to seismically stabilize Museum inquiring about bison on the California the Palomar Inn, which was severely damaged Central Coast. I told him current research indicates during the Loma Prieta Earthquake in October 1989. extinct forms of bison roamed the area during the With the aid of federal and state assistance, the Pleistocene (Jefferson et al. 1992) He noted that his building has been restored to provide affordable mother had found a "carved" bison in a rockshelter housing for senior citizens of Santa Cruz. approximately .15 years ago near Nipomo. I asked if it was possible to examine this "carved bison" arti­ Ste.te Historical Resources Commission Update fact. Mr. Whitely brought the artifact to the Museum. At the May 1 meetL.'1g, the State Historical Resources Commission adopted the following resolution that w111 officially recognize California's Native Americans during July 1, 1992 through June 30, 1993 and asked that all Californians take this time to consider the contributions made by these first Californians:

"Resolution Of Recognition

WHEREAS prior to the presence of Europeans, in what is now California, Native people have resided in California for thousands of years; and WHEREAS as a result of disease. brutality, and other factors, the Native people suffered dramatic The object which is made oflocal grey chert, appears decline in their population; and to be a flake scraper and is 6 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, and about .5 cm thick. Flaws in the chert have been WHEREAS despite these losses. the contribution emphasized around the head area so that it resem­ made by these first Californians has provided for bles a mane and a horn? The artifact is available to varied cultural experiences and has enriched the be examined by experts and a video is also available. heritage of all Californians; and (Continued on page 10)

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 8 July 1992 Michael S. ~elly Planning Underway For 1993 SCANorthern Vice-President Dames & Moore Annual Meeting At Asilomar 60 Declaration Drive by Bill Hildebrandt Suite B Chico, California 95926 !though it was tentatively announced in Pasadena that the 1993 Annual Meeting will be held at the Telephone: (916) 893-9675. beautiful Asilomar Conference Center, it is now offi­ cial! - the dates are April 7 - 11, 1993. Southern California Because of the interesting and beautiful setting of Data Sharing Meeting Monterey Bay, and a wide-spread desire among members to develop a greater diversity of thought­ The 1992 Southern California Data Sharing Meetings provoklng activities, organization of the 1993 SCA will be on Saturday, October 3 at Pomona College in Annual Meeting will differ from that of the past. Claremont, California. The meetings will be from Symposia and contributed papers are still welcome, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. We will hold the meetings in but this approach to information exchange will be Mason Hall's main lecture room. The room is handi­ ··augmented by several field trips, workshops. and capped accessible and is fully equipped with audio­ "roup discussions. In the spirit of these changes, 2 visual equipment. There will be a lunch break AJternative Interpretations of the Archaeological between the morning and afternoon papers. There Record" will serve as a theme, hopefully attracting are eight restaurants within three to four blocks of symposia addressing a variety of interpretive per­ Mason Hall, with a price range from inexpensive to spectives (e.g., gender studies, hunter-gatherer expensive. Sweet rolls and beverages will be pro­ mobility, Native American concerns, public ed.uca­ vided in the morning. tion, multi-disciplinary research, future direct10ns, etc.), as well as alternative explanations of specific Those wishing to give short papers must submit a aspects of the archaeological record (e.g., it has been brief abstract by September 4. The nature of the suggested that we have a symposium, or a series of papers at the data sharing meetings is expected to be regionally specific symposia, entitled: "What hap­ preliminary and less theoretical than the papers pre­ pened at 1000 B.P.T). We would also like potential sented at the annual meetings. Please send your symposia chairs to consider reducing the number of abstracts to: papers, allowing a significant block to time for group iscussion and workshops. All day sess10ns, for Dr. Joanne M. Mack • xample, could include delivered papers in the SCA Southern Vice-President morning and discussions or workshops m the after­ Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology noon. To accomodate the reduction of papers, we Pomona College will develop poster sessions so that presentations Claremont, California 91 711 can rotate through on a daily basis. Telephone: (714) 621-8555 ext. 4278 or ext. 3027 Field trips will include guided tours by local experts for messages. to important archaeological and natural history Fax Number: (714) 621-8576. localities such as Elkhorn Slough, Point Lobos, Big Sur, Ft. Hunter-Legget and interesting historic areas ------muNext Newsletter Deadline such as Old Monterey and the Presidio. We also plan to get group discounts for the Monterey Bay August 15, 1992 Aquarium and, if supported, a chartered fishing boat for those interested in modern-day foragmg. Local The SCA welcomes articles and letters from readers. ex-perts willing to lead field-trips, please contact Bill The writer's name, address, and daytime phone must Hildebrandt at (916) 756-3941 or Tom Jackson at be included. (408) 425-8755. More details will be provided in the next Newsletter. Contributions must be double spaced and may be edited for clarity and length, and do not necessarily Northern California refiect the position or opinion of the Society. IBM and Macintosh disks may be sent if material is in Data Sharing Meeting any standard word-processing program - please include hard copy with discs. The Northern Data Sharing Meeting will be held on October 24, 1992, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Room Please send material and graphics to managing 1003, Mendocino Hall, California State University, editor Valerie Levulett, 915 Mesa Street, Morro Bay, Sacramento. Please submit your paper abstract as CA 93442. Work - (805) 549-3669 or Home 772- • on as possible to: 1971, FAX (805) 549-3077 .

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 9 July 1992 this, the Committee must conscious!~ avoid beco~­ ing mired in philosophical debates. divisive rhetonc, SCA Native American and polarized "no win" situations. To the exte.nt that Programs Committee the committee becomes "political", its effectiveness and value to the SCA will be diminished. Established by Dick Markley This committee will focus on completing specific pro­ jects each year that achieve tan~ible results. Tht . particular projects undertaken will ~epend on the At our June 7, 1992 Executive Board meeting, I pre­ interests and priorities of the comrruttee agreed to sented a proposal to the Board to establish a Native through discussions with the SCA President and American Programs Committee with Dr. Philip de Executive Board. Some examples of projects that the Barros to serve as Chairperson. The Board voted committee could take on include: unanimously in support of the proposal. Dr. de Barros will be looking for SCA members to serve on 1. Establishment of a SCA scholarship fund for this important committee and help with a number of Native American students interested in archaeology projects currently being planned. The following par­ and cultural resource management careers. agraphs outline my concept of the committee - its basis, purpose, and some potential projects it could 2. Organize a symposium at the annual meeting pursue. which focuses on "success stories" involving Native American/ Archaeologist interaction. Rather than Issues surrounding the conduct of archaeological dwell on failures in communication and coordina­ studies of Native American cultural resources have tion. symposium participants would share their for­ become increasingly complex in recent years, and mulas for success. Products of such a session could the positions of archaeologists and Native Americans be papers published in the Proceedings or develop­ have sometimes become polarized. While archae­ ment of a handbook for fieldworkers and research­ ologists and Native Americans share a common rev­ ers. erence for Native American cultural traditions and believe in the need to protect and preserve cultural 3. Coordinate with the Curation Committee to iden­ resources, these common bonds are often over­ tify opportunities for assisting Native American shadowed by disagreements over particular ways in groups in establishing curation facilities and obtain­ which preservation activities are conducted, the ing training in collections management. ways in which Native American concerns are incor­ porated into environmental and other planning pro­ 4. Develop ideas for programs to facilitate involve cesses, and the question of stewardship of Native ment of Native Americans in archaeological fieldworl American cultural materials recovered from archae­ as archaeological technicians. ological contexts. Establishment of a SCA Native American Programs Understanding that there are marked differences of Committee will help un derscore the importance the opinion among archaeologists on specific preserva­ SCA places on building better relationships with tion issues, and that Native American opinions on Native Americans, and demonstrate its commitment the same issues may also vary, it is likely that some to providing leadership in the development of inno­ disagreements among and between Native Americans vative and positive actions that facilitate the pres­ and archaeologists are unavoidable. However. the ervation of California's rich cultural heritage. If you growing number of examples, around the State, of are interested in participating on the committee, or archaeologists and Native Americans working coop­ would like additional irlformation, please contact Dr. eratively and successfully together to further their Philip de Barros at (714) 261-5414. jointly held cultural resource preservation goals, indicates that formulas for success exist that can Bears To Bison serve as models for establishing positive rela­ tionships between Native Americans and archae­ (Continued from page 8) ologists throughout California. One wonders if we jumped the gun and made the The SCA has the responsibility, and by virtue of its chipped stone "bear" the state artifact to hastily. A active membership, the ability to devote greater prehistoric bison is even a greater find. But alas, energy towards facilitating understanding and coop­ both are probably only s pecia lized scra pers - n o eration between Native Americans and archae­ more no less. ologists. In order to do this, I have established a formal SCA committee whose purpose is to identify Reference and develop positive programs that the SCA could Jefferson , G.T., H.L. Fierstine. J.R. Werling and T.L. Ku 1992 Pleistocene Terrestral Vertebrates from Near implement that will help to establish new and more Point San Luis, and other Localities in San Luis positive relationships between the Native American Obispo County. Bulletin of the Southern California and archaeological communities in California. To do Academy ofSciences 91 (1):26-38

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 10 July 1992 ology Day. !OS also received its first contracts for The Missing Link: Interpretation agency interpretive projects in 1991. and Outreach Since 1974, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) by Vera-Mae Fredrickson and Roynane Lisk has had a series of cooperative agreements with the Anthropological Studies Center, ASC to do survey, site stabilization, test excavation and evaluation of cultural resources in the King Sonoma State University Range National Conservation Nea (KRNCA) in southern Humboldt county. In June 1991. BLM The expanded interest of the SCA in public inter­ requested a cooperative agreement with I OS "to pretation of archaeology was strongly supported at develop and implement for the public an interpretive cultural program of ... KRNCA." The agreement the 1992 ATmual Meeting both by the attendance of the members at the day-long interpretive session and stated, "It is now appropriate to address the needs of by actions of the SCA Executive Board in taking an the public in awareness, education and apprecia­ active role in promotion and fund-raising for Cal­ tion." The objectives were not only to provide art ifornia's first Nchaeology Week. interpretive program and products to promote public awareness and resource protection, but also to pro­ This article briefiy describes how one Cultural vide an opportunity to train students in supervised Resources Management Program is structuring the interpretive experiences. !OS installed a cultural training of students for public interpretation and the resources exhibit at the Shelter Cove Information projects in which they have been involved. Bureau, produced a prototype portable exhibit, leaf­ let and brochure, and provided an outline of a long The Anthropological Studies Center (ASC) at Sonoma range interpretive plan for the KRNCA. The contract was complete in June, 1992. State University is composed of the Northwest Infor­ mation Center, the Cultural Resources Facility, and the Obsidian Hydration Laboratory. In 1990, a new In September 1991, !OS participated in a contract component was added. the Office of Interpretive and With the Department of Parks and Recreation to install an exhibit at the interpretive center at Pfieffer Outreach Services (!OS). This new branch of the Big Sur State Park in conjunction with archaeologist ASC was designed to facilitate communication with Terry Jones. This e.'<:hibit on the history of Native the public by interpreting cultural resources both on Americans within the Big Sur District focused on campus and through outreach programs. This office archaeological investigations. coordinates ASC participation in Science Night (an ·mnual activity sponsored by Natural Sciences), pro­ In September 1991. !OS responded to a Request for 'ides speakers to classrooms and to civic groups, Proposal sent to State University faculties to produce Ievises on and off campus displays, and provides a brochure on Caltrans' efforts in environmental illterpretlve tours of the ASC facilities and guided conservation. A 32 page illustrated brochure visits to ongoing excavations. addressed to the public has been completed by IOS. It presents eleven case studies of Caltrans. cultural One of the purposes of !OS is to provide under­ resource projects selected from state-wide sub­ graduate and graduate anthrop~logy students. with missions by Caltrans district archaeologists. The practical experience in the effective mterpretat10n of e.'

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 11 July 1992 Juan Bautista and Millerton Lake were treated under Missing Link this program. Among the techniques employed were (Continued from page 11) access control measures (to block pot-hunters). re­ vegetation efforts, stabilization work on eroding mid­ dens, road relocation, and the careful backfilling of Scope of Work for the Las Vaqueros Reservoir Project relic collectors' pits to halt deterioration of these for the Contra Costa County Water District. The ancient deposits. We drew on the labor of the CCC work will take place in the fall of 1992. and the equipment of CDF to help us.

Sonoma State University graduate and under­ I picked up the award -- the first one ever given to us graduate students have been responsible for each of in the 17 years I've been here -- but the real credit these projects under the guidance of the ASC direc­ goes to the many dedicated park archaeologists and tor with the assistance of a limited number of out­ historians who work so hard to protect these sites. side consultants and specialists. For each project Eloise Barter, Betty Rivers, Glenn Farris and Gary appropriate Native Americans have been contacted Reinoehl were the project leaders on these specific and consulted. This fall, the ASC at Sonoma State efforts. These were assisted by Bob Orlins, Rae will have a new director who is also strongly com­ Schwaderer, Phil Hines, Lee Motz, Tom Wheeler, mitted to public interpretation. IOS activities and Christina Savitski, Herb Dallas, Mike Sampson, the training of students in public outreach and inter­ Kathleen Davis, Larry Felton, Karen Hildebrand, pretation will continue. The most pressing future Bruce Steidl, Ray Benson, John Bollinger and needs for the program are additional academic Leslie Steidl. Our work could not have been accom­ courses that will strengthen the practical training plished without the support and initiative of many that students are receiving. dedicated park rangers, ecologists, maintenance workers and supervisors whose vigilance in carrying out the mission of the state park system was also State Parks Archaeologists recognized. I Receive Historic The Governor's letter concludes, "On beh alf of the Preservation Award I State of California, I salute you for your noble record I of historical preservation and offer my best wishes by John Foster I 1i for every continued success with your worthy endeavors." At a time when the state budget crisis is On May 12, 1992 I accepted on behalf of the Cul­ threatening to close parks and slash programs. it tural Heritage Section of the Department of Parks was a good feeling to accept an award on behalf of and Recreation, the Governor's 1992 Historic Pres­ those who protect our California heritage and make ervation Award. Mrs. Gayle Wilson presented the us all a little richer by their efforts. award in a ceremony at the State Capitol in Sac­ ramento as part of the celebration of California r------, Archaeology week. CAM Position Opening: I Project Director I The award was made in recognition of our "Fragile I Archaeological Site Rehabilitation Program." It was Chambers Group, an Orange County based: especially satisfying to see recognition for our efforts to preserve outstanding examples of California's her­ environmental firm, is seeking a Project itage within the State Park System. These archae­ Director with at least 1 - 2 years experience: in the supervision of survey and excavation ological sites are the physical remains of a rich and 1 varied patrimony we share as Californians extending projects, and who possesses good organiza- 1 back thousands of years before the advent of written tion and writing skills. Experience in com- history. They contain the record of peoples who lived puter data base management, lithics analy- 1 1 and died and grappled with problems so many years sis, and/or proposal writing skills is ago. There is much we can learn from these ancient 1 cultures, but in some cases. the only record of their desirable, but not required. Applicant1 existence and accomplishments is locked up in an should be someone who likes to work in a 1 archaeological deposit. When that site is threatened professional environment and who is proud 1 by eros ion, vandalism or neglect, the public stands of producing quality work. Competitive to lose a major investment in its California heritage. 1 salary and attractive benefits package. 1 Send letter of interest. vita. and three refer- The "Fragile Archaeological Site Rehabilitation Pro­ 1 gram" was designed to halt damage to five areas of ences with telephone numbers to Dr. Philip 1 statewide significance within four units of the State de Barros, Chambers Group, 16700 Aston 1 Park System. Threatened deposits at such diverse St., Irvine, CA 92714. I parks as Anza-Borrego Desert, Lake Oroville, San I L------~ SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 12 July 1992 endow the future curation. Indeed, if the state does State Policy, hold superseding rights in heritage artifacts, it might follow that the state would be responsible for man­ Support For Curation agement, mitigation measures, and future curation. by Paul G. Chace Project developers/property-owners may donate an artifact collection to an approved public institution _he Society for California Archaeology's Curation as a charitable contribution and then benefit on Committee revised April draft report suggests that their income tax. Under t.'

To preface the arguments that follow, the issue is In conclusion, to have the State "encourage policies about political principles, and it is not about the that require projects to pay for curation", would amount of dollars required in actually funding cura­ necessitate legislative approval. Politically, archae­ tion. Projects that adversely impact heritage ologists would have few allies in the legislature, and resources under CEQA can be required to fund pro­ the policy probably would be widely contested by ject mitigation measures, but only through legisla­ developers, land owners, museums, Native Amer­ tion could the money for future curation costs be icans, and others. Alternatively, politically, one required. The amount of dollars involved would not should be able to develop many allies in arguing that be too great, for most projects, in an efficiently artifacts be curated for future enjoyment of all cit­ scaled curation program. Most CEQA projects izens, and curation costs should be funded by the simply would pass on these additional development State on behalf of all citizens. Such a policy invites costs to the public. It is not the dollar amount, but citizen involvement in the management of heritage legal principles that makes this position unaccept­ resources. With such a policy it would be easier to able. win legislative approval and would result in a well designed and publicly supported heritage man­ he endowment of future artifact curation should be agement and curation program. • encouraged, but not "required". People should be encouraged to work together toward this goal. Pro- ject developers, land owners, Native Americans, archaeologists, and all citizens need to support, and State Curation Task Force to realize benefits in appreciating California's her­ by John Johnson

itage resources. - To "require" that a proJect pay for future curation The State Historic Resources Commission (SHRC) also entails ownership rights to the artifacts be has appointed a Curation Task Force to meet in con­ transferred. By established principles in law, the junction with a public hearing process to develop artifacts belong to the owner of the real property statewide guidelines "for reasonable and feasible col­ from which they were recovered. To require a trans­ lection, storage, and display of archaeological speci­ fer of ownership might violate the U.S. Constitution, mens" [California Public Resources Code, Section Amendment V. This article states, "nor shall private 5020.5[b)J. The Curation Task Force is headed by property be taken for public use, without just com­ Commissioner Part Martz and includes commis­ pensation." sioners Richard Milanovich and Robert Hoover along with ten public members "representing relevant pro­ The draft policy would also require the paylng out of fessions, disciplines, and organizations, inclusive of compensation for the future curatlon under a new Native American organizations, archaeology, history, owner. I believe that someone certainly would con­ museology, cultural resources management, and his­ test the constitutionality of this artifact curation toric preservation." SCA President Dick Markley and policy. On principle, who would win in court? President-Elect John Johnson were each invited to serve on this task force. As a principle of public heritage, it is untenable to legally defend the position that requi;es. rights to The first meeting of the State Curation Task Force artifacts rest with the State. If states title rights was held on June 11 in Sacramento at the Office of superseded a private land owner's title, there would Historic Preservation. After discussing goals and .e no justification to requrre the land owner to (Continued on page 14)

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 13 July 1992 to submit your design concepts for this year's poster, Curation Task Force keeping the theme in mind, by September 15, at (Continued from page 13) which lime the board will select an artist. Persons with graphics and layout skills are sought to assist in producing the Program of Events. issues important to various members, the task force began to review the draft curation guidelines pro­ Please come forward and be a county representative posed by the SCA Curation Committee. The con­ to help with any of the tasks which I've listed, Rep­ census of the task force was that the proposed cura­ resentatives are needed for: Modoc, Lassen, Plumas, tlon guidelines should apply to all collections from Glenn, Sierra, Yuba, Sutter, Colusa, Nevada, El slate-sponsored archaeological fieldwork, not just Dorado, Yolo, Napa, Solano. Amador, Sacramento, CEQA-mandated projects, It was also agreed that Alpine, Tuolumne, Mono, Mariposa, Merced, Madera, the curation standards should serve for a period as Fresno, Kings, Kem, Ventura, Santa Barbara, River­ "guidelines", rather than "legal requirements" lo side, San Diego and Riverside. (We have people for allow for a process of amendment as they are tested Los Angeles and San Bernardino, but since they are In operation. such large counties two or three representatives might share the load.) The draft curation guidelines were distributed to all SCA members attending the annual meeting and to Contact Beth Padon at (714) 553-0666 If you're in others who responded to the announcement in the the southern section of the state. For those of you in Society's May Newsletter. SCA Past-President the north, my number is (707) 938-5446. Jamie Cleland is revising these proposed guidelines further based on comments received from the mem­ A Note On The bership. He will then submit the revised draft for approval by the SCA Executive Board before they are Archaeological Conservancy presented to the SHRC at their ne.xt public meeting by Lynn Dunbar on August 7. The State Curatlon Task Force will meet again on August 20 to continue to work with The Archaeological Conservancy is a nationwide these proposed guidelines and evaluate and incor­ nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving our porate other public comments before a final version country's remaining archaeological resources by Is submitted to the SHRC sometime early in 1993. establishing a natiomvide system of archaeological preserves. The Conservancy's goals are to identify Archaeology Week - 1993 the most Important remaining sites in need of pres­ by Roynane Lisk ervation: to secure these properties by purchase, gifts or bargain sale: to secure the properties and stabilize the cultural resources in situ; to prepare With the completion of our first Archaeology Week, management plans and dedicate the properties as we have something upon which we can build. As permanent archaeological preserves, and to educate successful as this first year was, there is room for the public about the destruction of our cultural her­ Improvement. To do this we must have more of you itage and how best to preserve what is left. The Con­ involved. Our prtmary need is one representative servancy conducts no research itself, but encourages for each county In the state. qualified institutions to undertake scientific research in keeping \vilh the principles of conservation Being a representative entails making phone calls to archaeology. the archaeological societies, consulting groups, libraries, museums and schools in your county, In the past 12 years, the Conservancy has estab­ asking them to support Archaeology Week 1993 by lished more than 80 archaeological preserves nation­ displaying the poster, distributing the Program of wide. The new Western Regional Office is seeking Events, putting a display together and/ or hosting site nominations and support for land acquisition some other appropriate event. We also rely on rep­ projects. resentatives to see that posters and programs are picked up at the Annual Meeting for distribution In California, the Conservancy owns the Borax Lake within each county, and to see that their local news sites and is currently raising funds to purchase a media are informed about Archaeology Week activ­ portion of Exeter Rocky Hill In Tulare County, which ities. We 'vill provide you with set of guidelines, and Is seriously threatened by development. This site other assistance where needed. The theme for includes a 2,000 year old village mound and some of Archaeology .Week 1993 is "Celebrating California's the finest e.xamples of painted rock art on the west Ethnic Heritage." coast.

We also need a media person to handle state-wide SCA members can help the Conservancy's preserva­ press releases and assist county reps with their tion efforts by nominating significant sites for pres­ releases. Those of you with artistic skills are asked ervation, (Continued on page 15)

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 14 July 1992 on Santa Rosa Island for this summer. FoA (UCLA Archaeological Conservancy Friends of Archaeology) started the summer off with (Continued on page 14) three big events, their annual Pre-Columbian Pot­ luck dinner, a field trip to Little Petroglyph Canyon and a tour of the archaeological photography exhibit rolunteering their time and expertise, and by becom­ at the Los Angeles Photography Center. Later this ng Conservancy members. New California member­ summer FoA plans another trip to Santa Cruz Island ;hips are directed toward the purchase of Exeter and maybe even a trip to the paleolithic caves of Rocky Hill. France!

Please contact Lynn Dunbar, Western Regional SDCAS held their annual Table Mountain Campout, Director, P.O. Box 165, Newcastle, CA 95658, (916) near J acumba, over Memorial Day weekend. They 6.63-4770. had a full three days planned including fieldwork · and a Saturday night potluck. Their upcoming News From The Avocational summer activities include a booth at the Del Mar Fair from J u ne 16 to July 5. Diana Dessel (619) Societies 538-0935, SDCAS office) for information about this by Anne Q . Duffield organization. SCCAS (Santa Clara Coun ty Archaeological Society) Last issue's column was turned in too late to be is planning a field trip for September 5-6 with BLM, included in the Newsletter. It was a report on the Susanville Area as hosts . Members will be treated to good avocational society turn-out at the SCA confer­ a tour of two petroglyph sites, the Belfast site and ence in Pasadena. Members of PCAS (Pacific Coast the Deep Cut site. Contact SCCAS president Andy Archaeological Society) and SCAS (Santa · Cruz Pate for information (408) 253-9550. Archaeological Society) had tables in the book room. I also spoke with representatives of SDCAS (San The folks at FECM (Friends of Eastern California Diego County Archaeological Society), IVCMS (Impe­ Museum, Independence) offered a tour of th e usually rial Valley College Museum Society). the two AVAS's off-limits Little Lake rock art site last March. As (Antelope Valley Archaeological Society, Anderson reported in the FECM newsletter, "Over 30 people Valley Archaeological Society), CVAS (Coachella attended the event, some coming from as far away as Valley Archaeological Society), KCAS (Kern County Bakersfield and Los Angeles . .. (th e trip) deepened Archaeological Society) and SJV-ARARA (San Joa- our appreciation for Inyo County's ancient heritage , quin Valley ch apter, American Rock Art Research and got the field trip season off to a HUGE start. H ~sociation). Many others were present: I had fun asking a room full of people how many were mem­ For SAS (Sacramento Archaeological Society) mem­ bers of an avocational society and almost all of them bers and others who want to get into the field this raised their hands. summer, the J une SAS newsletter lists three projects looking for volunteers. BLM is working in Tehama For the pros and avocationalists alike, summer is the County north of Red Bluff, Eric Ritter will be at the time to get out and explore. For groups such as Forks of the Butte site near Chico, a nd Gwen Wal­ AVAS (Antelope Valley Archaeological Society). who ters is looking for help in the El Dorado National are searching for activities to interest new members, Forest at th e Cables Creek site. Contact Al Schwi­ offering field-trips is clearly a popular strategy. The talla for information (91 6) 737-1797. destination n eed not be exotic; SLOCAS (San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society) folks went to Notices the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History for their outing on May 22. PCAS offered a museum The Imperial Valley College Museum, Southeast tour in May to the Armand Hammer Museum of Art Information Center and Museum Society (IVCMS) to see the special exhibit on Catherine the Great. are moving from their location on Main Street in El The FCAS (Fresno County Archeological Society) Centro to Room 503 on the campus of Imperial group scheduled a double bill day trip to the Oak­ Valley College. (Mailing address: P. 0. Box 3490. El land Museum and Phoebe Hearst Museum which Centro, CA 92244). These new quarters are tem­ attracted 24 members who were "appreciative, porary unUl the new site at Ocotillo is completed. enthusiastic and seemed to thoroughly enjoy the One-third of the money needed to build the new trip." museum has been raised so far, and IVCMS mem­ bers are hard at work getting the rest. Director J ay The KCAS group planned a day at the ball game to von Werlhof has been busy spreading the word about watch the Bakersfield Dodgers play the Reno Silver the new museum while Steve Simmons and Ray Sox on June 19. VCAS (Ventura County Archaeolog­ Wilcox have been leading fieldtrips and building local ical Society) is planning a potluck, field trips to enthusiasm . _,..,alico, Malibu and Kernville and possibly fieldwork (Continued on page 16)

SCA Newsletter 26 ( 4) 15 July 1992 Board review and summarized the center's accom­ Avocational Societies odations. Room rates would be $55.00 per night (Continued from page 15) and would include three daily meals. Since the center doesn't have a bar, receptions would need to To SCA readers up north from archaeologist Pam be set-up for social events. To reserve the facility, a Higgins: deposit of $3. 700.00 is required. After discussion, the Board approved Asilomar as the location for the "I am interested in helping getting an avocation soci­ 1993 Annual Meeting. ety going in the Butte Valley, Doris, CA area. I am Cleland reviewed the Archaeology Week program and an archaeologist for the Klamath N.F., the Goosenest poster noting the excellent job done in their pro­ Ranger District. Contact Pam Higgins, P.O. Box 97, duction. Cameron noted that the posters cost Macdoel, CA 96058." Hope you can get something going, Pam. $2,100.00 to print. Discussion followed on the sell­ ing and distribution of the posters. Executive Board Meeting Cameron provided the Board with a handout on the I Treasurer's Report for FY 1991-1992. Balance Minutes Summary brought forward is $2.405.68; income was by Elena Nilsson Ii $29,281.27: and expenses totalled $21,478.65. She t======:Jj noted that she would summarize the budget and Aprll 23, 1992 Board Meeting present an annotated version in the Newsletter. The Executive Board meeting was held at the Hilton Hotel in Pasadena, California. The meeting was Markley noted the importance of establishing a called to order at 1 :34 p .m. and was attended by all higher interest bearing account for life memberships. Board members with the exception of Beth Padon Frank Bayham mentioned that if the number of who arrived late. Other Society members present yearly renewing members versus life members is low, included Joanne Mack, Program Chair, for the 1992 then there may not be a loss of funds. Cleland noted Annual Meeting. that it may be wise to set aside some monies regard­ less, and that the Board should consider this issue The minutes of the January 18, 1992 Executive in the future. Board Meeting were accepted with revisions. Susan Mershon has resigned as Business Office Jamie Cleland provided an update on the upcoming Manager. Cameron noted that Marilyn Mullens is meeting. He noted that due to personal problems, serving as a back-up until another manager is Mike Mcintyre, Local Arrangements Chair, would not selected. She suggested that Mershon be replaced be able to attend the Annual Meeting. He then dis­ with students. The Board discussed whether to hire cussed items that still required attention, as well as or contract with a more permanent type person last minute arrangements that need to be made. instead of a student. Also reviewed was the issue of Cleland reported that a little over 100 banquet tick­ keeping the business office at CSU Fullerton or find­ ets had been purchased. He noted that while the ing a different facility. It was also agreed that the tickets sold for $32.00, an additional $8.00 was contributions of CSU Fullerton and Cameron as needed to cover hotel costs (sales tax and other fees) coordinator of the business office were very sig­ inadvertently omitted from the advertised ticket nificant and that continuity in this matter was price. Therefore, SCA would be absorbing this addi­ important. The Board agreed that these individuals tional fee. should be given the opportunity to manage the busi­ ness office under Cameron's guidance. Sonia Tamez suggested' eliminating the pre-meeting basketball game as an SCA sponsored function, due Cleland noted that Society members were encoun­ to potential liability problems. Cleland mentioned tering difficulties in reaching personnel at the Busi­ ti.'lat this issue would be discussed by the Board at a ness Office. Nilsson suggested that a separate line later date. with a recorder might solve this problem. Bayham noted that the University might be able to set up a Cleland continued by briefly reviewing current costs separate phone account for SCA through the Foun­ associated with the Annual Meeting. Pre-registration dation program. Cameron mentioned that she income including banquet and wine tasting totalled would check into the cost of a separate phone line. $21,500.00, while expenses were roughly $9,500.00. Cleland provided an update on the guidelines pre­ Dick Markley provided an update of his work in coor­ pared by the Curation Committee. Since the last dinating the 1993 Annual Meeting. The Asilomar Board meeting, he has incorporated comments State Conference Center is being seriously con­ received from the Board and the committee into a sidered as the location for next year's meeting. document that is being distributed to the member­ Markley distributed literature on the facility for ship in their registration packets. Sections that weri=· (Continued on page 17)

SCA Newsletter 26 ( 4) 16 July 1992 open bars which are not available at Asilomar. Executive Board Meeting Minutes (Continued from page 16) Markley briefly reviewed for the new Board members some of the problems that the Business Office is cur­ rently facing. He noted that Susan Mershon has added to the draft guidelines include heritage and resigned as Business Manager, and that Cameron cultural preseIVation concerns, as well as research, was coordinating her activities with the assistance of and clarification of guidelines for what is to be several students. Cameron noted that more person­ curated. The membership is being asked to com­ hours are needed for the role of Business Manager, ment on the revised guidelines by May 29, 1992. particularly since the Society now has over 800 After comments are received and reviewed, the docu­ members. ment will be submitted to the State Historical Resources Commission in time for their August 1992 Markley discussed the potential need for purchasing meeting. a computer, printer and modem for the Business Office so that it might operate more efficiently. He Tamez noted that new regulations for implementing and Cameron noted the need for organizing and cull­ ARPA and NAGPRA would be available within four to ing the archives. Markley remarked that the five months. Amendments to AIRFA have been side­ archives situation would become an agenda item for lined until next year. Cleland reviewed the three an upcoming Board meeting. bills that SCA formally supported this spring. Let­ ters of support were sent for the California Register Lynn Dunbar of Archaeological ConseIVancy/ Bill (Assembly Bill 2881). the California Heritage Planning and ConseIVat!on League (PCL) provided an ConseIVation Bill. and the Assembly Bill 3334 which in-depth review of the relationship between SCA, proposed to eliminate budgetary funding for several PCL, and the ConseIVancy. She detailed the goals of state agencies including the Native American Her­ PCL as preseIVing archaeological sites through pur­ itage Commission. chasing lands. She noted that over 70 archaeolog­ ical preseIVes currently exist. She mentioned that The next Board meeting will be held after the Annual secondary concerns include education and legislative Meeting on April 26, 1992 from l:OOp.m. to 6:00 objectives. She outlined that PCL provided expertise p.m. at the Hilton Hotel in Pasadena. The meeting in the tracking of legislation; lobbying support; adjourned at 5:55 p.m. advance information; early warning on issues; and training and small group support in how to deal with April 26, 1992 Board Meeting CEQA and county agencies and how to lobby effec­ The Executive Board meeting was held at the Hilton tively. Dunbar also noted that PCL was currently -!ate! in Pasadena, California. The meeting was monitoring (1) bond act funding; (2) new parks fund­ :ailed to order at 1:23 p.m. and was attended by all ing initiative set for 1994; (3) State Parks bailout in 3oard members. 1992; (4) bill for California Heritage Lands Con­ seIVancy; (5) bill for curatorial issues; and (6) chal­ Dick Markley introduced the new Board members lenges to CEQA based developer interests. (Joarme Mack, Mike Kelly, and John Johnson) who then provided a brief background on themselves. He Cleland invited the Board to attend a reception spon­ distributed a copy of the SCA by-laws to the new offi­ sored by the California PreseIVation Fund in Sac­ cers and discussed the duties of the northern and ramento on May 11, 1992 from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 southern vice-presidents. p.m.

The Board reviewed the activities of the 1992 Annual The following committee chairs were confirmed by Meeting. Cleland noted that over 500 members the Board through motions that were seconded and attended, 200 of these registering at the Meeting. unantmously passed. Doug Milburn announced that $5,600.00 was col­ lected at the registration desk. Cameron noted that PCL Board Member Lynn Dunbar the Archaeology Week posters sold out. Mack Manual Development Mike Glassow remarked that too many tickets were sold for the Avocational Societies Anne Q. Duffield-Stoll wine tasting for the amount of wine ordered; Came­ Fundraising Jamie Cleland ron added that hors d'oeuvres also ran out quickly. Newsletter Editor Valerie ~vulett Cleland was pleased with the meeting attendance, Proceedings Editor Marty Rosen noting that SCA would turn a profit on the event. Historical Archaeology Editor Judy Tordoff Public Interaction Ro Lisk and Beth Padon Markley discussed the importance of establishing a conference ·committee of outgoing and incoming Markley discussed a proposal to establish a Native chairs, noting that he would like to see such a com­ American Program Committee. He noted that this mittee active by the 1994 Annual Meeting. He then committee would be charged with the responsibility reviewed the Asilomar facilities, noting particularly for helping tmplement a positive program atmed at hat receptions would have to be set-up instead of (Continued on page 18)

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 17 July 1992 r------, Executive Board Meeting Minutes Campus Archaeologist, (Continued from page 16) Stanford University (50°/o Time) establishing a scholarship fund, training oppor­ tunities, organizing symposia, and providing more Job Description: involvement with Archaeology Week. The Board approved a motion for Markley to proceed with estab­ Reports to the Associate Director of Plan­ lishing a Native Amertcan Program Committee. ning. and is responsible for managing all archaeological resources on University A second motion was also passed establishing a lands. including regular oversight of 55 sig­ $400.00 contrtbution level for listing contrtbutors to Archaeology Week as sponsors on the program. nificant sites and maintenance of archival and other records. Advises campus plan­ John Johnson noted that the Santa Barbara/ ners, lands and facilities managers, and les­ Ventura area was being considered as the location of sees regarding archaeological properties. the 1994 Annual Meeting. Roy Salls Will serve as Maintains regular communication with cog­ Local Arrangements Chair. nizant state and local agencies. Native Amer­ ican groups. and professional organizations. The next Board Meeting will be held on June 7, 1992 Evaluates impacts of proposed construction; at the offices of Dames & Moore in Sacramento. The monitors projects, conducting emergency meeting adjourned at 5:50 p .m. excavation if required. Designs and reviews archaeological work for environmental SCA Treasurer's Report impact reports. Supervises and recruits out­ April 1, 1991 - March 31, 1992 side consultants for field surveys and exca­ vations as necessary. Analyzes excavated Balance Brought Forward $2,405.68 materials and prepares them for storage. working with Anthropology Department and Income: Museum staff as needed. Dues Life 1,100.00 Regular 9,925.00 Qualifications: Student 1,020.00 Senior 250.00 Ph.D. or M.A. in Anthropology preferred. Spouse 240.00 Requires substantial archaeological field Institution 275.00 experience in central California, including $12,810.00 project design and management. and expe­ Donations 2,415.83 rience with training/ supervising students Publications 155.00 Annual Meetings 1991 10,000.00 and volunteers. Must have excellent organ­ Interest 496.76 izational and interpersonal skills, the ability Tee-shirts 198.00 to work effectively with a wide variety of Newsletter ads 350.00 people, and sensitivity to the Native Amer­ Archaeology Week 450.00 ican population. Requires knowledge of Total $29,281 .27 campus health and safety policies and pro­ cedures. strong oral and written com­ Expenses: munication skills, flexibility, and sound Newsletter $ 3,472.45 Printing 3,710.34 judgement. Mail permit 75.00 Business Office Manager 1,582.06 Position is 50% time; anticipated start date Business Office 1,698.10 is August 15, .1992. Send resumes to Leslie Board expenses 1,378.06 Quintero. Acting Associate Director of Plan­ Data Sharing Meetings 412.51 ning. Stanford University, 855 Serra Street , Secretary of State 5.00 Stanford. CA 94305. Persons with inquiries Proceedings 4,963.52 Copyright (2 yr.) 40.00 may call the office at (4 15) 723-7773. The Cooperating Organizations 1,350.00 closing date for resumes received will be Membership drive 73.84 Friday, July 24, 1992. Ann ual Meetings advance 1,800.00 Award plaques 149.00 1991 Annual Meeting expenses 768.77 Total $21,478.65 L------· SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 18 July 1992 Society for California Archaeology

* Education and Research * Advocacy for Preservation • Professional Meetings and Publications

The Society for California Archaeology is a non-profit scientific and educational organization dedicated to research, understanding and conservation of archaeological resources. Membership is open to everyone with an interest in California archaeology.

SCA promotes cooperation among archae­ developers understand their obligations and ologists in California by: 1) conducting sym­ opportunities to manage archaeological sites· posia and meetings to -share information on 2) representing the c"oncerns of Californi; new discoveries and techniques; 2) publishing archaeologists before government commissions and agencies, and on legislation· 3) encour- an annual Proceedings on archaeological . ' research in California; 3) publishing a News­ aging the conservation of archaeological letter on current topics of concern, with news resources for future research and public inter- and commentaries; and 4) promoting stan­ . pretation; 4) discouraging vandalism and dards and ethical guidelines for the practice of exploitation of archaeological. resources; 5) rec­ archaeology. ognizing the significance that many sites pos­ sess for ethnic and local communities· and 6) . ' The Society seeks to increase public apprecia­ encouraging respect, appreciation and a better aon and support for archaeology in California understanding of California's diverse cultural Wy: 1) helpmg planners, landowners and heritage.

Categories of Membership name 0 Regular $25. al!iliatron (ij neeaea lor aaaress) 0 Institutional $25 0 Student $25 address 0 Spouse $10 crty, state, ZIP 0 Senior (over 60) $10 Membership year April 1, 199- to March 31 ' 199- 0 Contributing $100 ( ) D Life $275 Daytime phone (optronal) Please return this form with your check to: Society for California Archaeology Business Office D New Member Department of Anthropology D Renewal California State University Fullerton, CA 92634 D Address Change (714) 773-3977

SCA Newsletter 26 (4) 19 July 1992 Society for California Archaeology Non-Profit Organization Department of Anthropology U S Postage Paid California State University Sacramento, CA Fullerton, CA 92634 Permit No 495

Address Correction Requested

To:

Volume 26, Number 4

* August 24-26, 1992 American Quaternary 1992-93 SCA Editors and Association 12th Biennial Mee.ting, University Committee Chairs of California, Davis. Contact: James West (916) 978-5132. Newsletter managing editor Valerie A. Levulett * January 6-10, 1993 Society for Historical layout & production Doug Bryce Archaeology Annual Meeting. Kansas City. historical archaeology Judy Tordoff Missouri, Hyatt Regency Crown Center. avocational societies Anne Q. Duffield editorial assistance * April 7 -11, 1993 Society For Bob Orlins, Georgie Waugh & Karen Brown California Archaeology Annual Proceedings Editor Martin Rosen Meeting. Asilomar State Conference Center, 1993 Annual Meeting Pacific Grove. program Bill Hildebrandt local arrangements Tom Jackson * April 14-18, 1993. 58th Annual Meeting of SCA Manual Development Michael Glassow the Society for American Archaeology. St OHP Liaison Sandy Elder Legislation Louis. Missouri. Adams Mark Hotel. John Foster. Lynn Dunbar and Sonia Tamez· PCL Board Member Lynn Dunbar * June 14-16, 1993. Lithic Analysts Curation Robin Commans and Jim' Royle Conference. University of Tulsa, Oklahoma. Easements Bill Dreyer Contact: George H. Odell. Department of SCA Archives J ane Gothold Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Public Interaction Ro Lisk & Beth Padon 74104. Fund Raising Jamie Cleland Avocational Society Coordination Ann Duffield-Stoll Native American Programs Phil de Barros

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