JCBPS; Section B; Nov. 2014 – Jan. 2015, Vol. 5, No. 1 ; 937-947. E- ISSN: 2249 –1929

Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences

An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online atwww.jcbsc.org

Section D: Environmental Sciences

CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Notes

Birds of Chittaurgarh District, South ,

Mohammed Yaseen*, Trishita Konar1, Dheeraj Kumar Derodia2 and Ujjawal Dadheech 2

*Department of Zoology, B.N.P.G. College, Udaipur-313001, India 1,2, 3Central Academy, Chittorgarh -312001

Received: 01 September 2014; Revised: 24 November 2014; Accepted: 06 December 2014

Abstract: Two hundred and forty three of belonging to 56 families and 17 orders were recorded in Chittaurgarh district, India, during a study on the avifauna there carried out from October 2009 to June 2014. The order Passeriformes was highest dominance followed by Charadriiformes, Falconiformes, Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes, Coraciiformes, Piciformes, , Gruiformes, Strigiformes, Columbiformes, Pelecaniformes, Cuculiformes, Psittaciformes, , Podicipitiformes and Apodiformes. Out of the 1224 species of birds recorded from the , 19.85% were found in study area. Out of these 30.45% were common, 27.16% uncommon and 42.39% were rare. Of these 72.41 were resident, 26.33% winter migratory, 0.84% passage migrant and 0.42% summer migrants. According to IUCN Red List status six globally threatened species and eight near threatened species recorded. Keywords: Chittaurgarh, avian diversity, birds, critically endangered, endangered common, uncommon, habitat, IUCN status.

INTRODUCTION

Birds population are frequently used as indicators of environmental quality1 and are thought to be a useful proxy for assessing the impact of human influence on biodiversity2, 3.The diversity and richness of avian species in a community also mirrors the diversity and richness of the habitat. The birds have been the centre of interest of common man, watchers as well as ornithologists. The birds like Parakeet, Peacock, Cuckoo and House Sparrow have long entered in the songs and folk tales of Indian Social Culture.

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There are 1224 species of birds reported from India and Indian Subcontinent respectively4. Out of these 510 species of birds can be seen in the state5 that has 10.41% of the land area of the country, is one of the largest states of India in terms of area. The reason for this high diversity is occurrence of varied habitats and geographical locations of the state that fall in the flyway of migratory birds. Fragmentation of forest habitat on a landscape level has become a major issue in wildlife conservation due to the negative effects on a number of wildlife species6, 7. Lots of studies on avian diversity and sight records were published from Southern Rajasthan8-20. Chittaurgarh district lies in the south-eastern part of Rajasthan and holds a good forest cover that equals the national average as well as large number of perennial wetlands immixed with medium and tall grasslands and riparian lands. Therefore, the current study was focused on avian species within the geographical boundaries of Chittaurgarh district. Study area: Chittaurgarh district lies in south-eastern part of Rajasthan. It extends from 24°13' to 25°13' latitude and from 74°04' to 75°53' east longitude. The total geographical area of Chittaurgarh district is 7500.65 square kilometers, which constitutes 3.03 percent of the total area of the state. The district of Chittaurgarh has good forest resources as the total area under forests in the district is reported to be 2407 square kilometers which is 22.17% of the total geographical area of the district. The forest coverage is above the state’s average of approximately 9% as well as national average of approximately 23%. The Aravalli ranges are spreader all over the district in continued as well as discontinued form. The plains are very fertile. The western part of the district forms part of the Mewar plain; irregular, dissected and drained by the river Berach and its tributaries; river Gambhiri and Wagon. As per the Champion21 classification, the forest of Chittaurgarh region falls under Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Regular monthly surveys were carried out following the imaginary grid method and line transect method after Gaston22 from October 2009 to June 2014. Identification was based on Ali23 and Grimmett5. Preserved specimens and captive birds were also examined in various villages. Observations were also made with binoculars. Based on the number of sightings and occurrence, the status of a given species was assigned as common (encountered daily in large numbers), uncommon (encountered daily in small numbers) and rare (encountered less than 15 times in a year). IUCN Red List status was followed IUCN Red List of Threatened Species24.

RESULT

In the present study 243 bird species of different 161 genera, 56 families and 17 orders were recorded from the study area during study period (Table 1). The members of order Passeriformes were dominant by 93 species followed by Charadriiformes with 33 species (Figure 1), Falconiformes with 22 species, Ciconiiformes with 18 species, Anseriformes with 15 species, Coraciiformes with 10 species, Piciformes with 9 species, Galliformes with 8 species, Gruiformes and Strigiformes with 7 species each , Columbiformes with 6 species, Pelecaniformes and Cuculiformes with 4 species each, Psittaciformes with 3 species, Caprimulgiformes with 2 species and Podicipitiformes and Apodiformes with one species each.

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Table 1: Bird species recorded in Chittaurgarh District during 2009 to 2014.

Scientific name Common name Local IUCN Habita status status t ORDER : Podicipitiformes Tachybaptus ruficollis Pallas Little Grebe C, Re A ORDER : Pelecaniformes Phalacrocorax niger Vieillot Little Cormorant C, Re A Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens Indian Cormorant R, Re A Phalacrocorax carbo Linn. Great Cormorant R,Re A Anhinga rufa melanogaster Pennant Darter R, Re NT A ORDER : Ciconiiformes Egretta garzetta Linn. Little Egret C, Re A Ardea cinerea Linn. Grey Heron Uc,Wm A Ardea purpurea Linn. Purple Heron Uc, Re A Ardea alba Linn. Great Egret (Large Egret) Uc, Re A Egretta intermedia Wagler Intermediate Egret C, Re A Bubulcus ibis Boddaert Cattle Egret C, Re A, D Ardeola grayii Sykes Indian Pond Heron C, Re A, D Butorides striatus Horsfield Little Heron C, Re A Nycticorax nycticorax Linn. Black-crowned Night Heron R, Re A Botaurus stellaris Linn Eurassian bittern R, Wm A Mycteria leucocephala Pennant Painted Stork R, Re NT A Anastomus oscitans Boddaert Asian Openbill-Stork R, Re A Ciconia episcopus Boddaert Woolly-necked Stork R, Re A Plegadis falcinellus Linne Glossy Ibis C, Re A Threskiornis aethiopica Black-headed Ibis C, Re NT A melanocephalus Latham Pseudibis papillosa Temminck Black Ibis C, Re A Platalea leucorodia Linn. Eurasian Spoonbill R, Re A Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas Greater Flamingo R, Wm A ORDER : Anseriformes Dendrocygna javanica Horsfield Lesser Whistling-Duck R, Re A Anser indicus Latham Bar-headed Goose R, Wm A Tadorna ferruginea Pallas Ruddy Shelduck R, Wm A Sarkidiornis melanotos Pennant Comb Duck R, Re A Nettapus coromandelianus Gmelin Cotton Pygmy-Goose R, Re A Anser anser Linn. Greylag goose C,Wm A Anas strepera Linn. Gadwall Uc,Wm A Anas penelope Linn. Eurasian Wigeon Uc,Wm A Anas platyrhynchos Linn. Mallard Uc,Wm A Anas poecilorhyncha J.R. Forster Spot-billed Duck Uc, Re A Anas clypeata Linn. Northern Shoveller Uc,Wm A Anas acuta Linn. Northern Pintail Uc,Wm A Anas crecca Linn. Common Teal Uc,Wm A Aythya ferina Linn. Common Pochard Uc,Wm A Aythya fuligula Linn. Tufted Pochard Uc,Wm A ORDER : Falconiformes Pernis ptilorhynchus Lesson Oriental Honey-Buzzard R, Re Df,Ldf Elanus caeruleus Latham Black-shouldered Kite C, Re Df, Ldf,D Milvus migrans Boddaert Black Kite C, Re Ldf, D Neophron percnopterus Linn. Egyptian Vulture Uc, Re EN Df, Ldf,D Gyps indicus Scopoli Long-billed Vulture R, Re CEn Df, Ldf Sarcogyps calvus Scopoli King vulture R, Re CEn Df,Ldf Circaetus gallicus Gmelin Shorttoed Snake Eagle R, Re Df,Ldf Spilornis cheela Latham Crested Serpent Eagle R, Re Df,Ldf,

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D Circus aeruginosus Linn. Eastern Marsh Harrier R, Re Df,Ldf, D Circus macrourus Gmelin Pale Harrier R, Re NT Df,Ldf, D Accipiter badius Gmelin Shikra C, Re Df,Ldf, D Accipiter nisus Linn. Eurasian Sparrow Hawk R, Re Df,Ldf, D Butastur teesa Franklin White eyed Buzzard C, Re Df,Ldf Buteo rufinus Cretzschmar Long legged Buzzard R, Re Df,Ldf Aquila rapax Franklin Tawny Eagle R,Re Df,Ldf, D Aquila nipalensis Hodgson Steppe Eagle R, Re Df,Ldf Aquila fasciatus Vieillot Bonelli’s Eagle R, Re Df Hieraaetus pennatus Gmelin Booted Eagle R, Re Df,Ldf Spizaetus cirrhatus Horsfield Changeable Hawk-Eagle R, Re Df,Ldf Pandion haliaetus Linn. Osprey R, Wm Df,Ldf, D Falco tinnunculus Linn. Common Kestrel R,Wm Df,Ldf Falco chicquera Daudin Red-necked Falcon R, Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Galliformes Francolinus pondicerianus Gmelin Grey Francolin C, Re Ldf,G, D coturnix Linne Common Uc, Wm Coturnix coromandelica Gmelin Rain Quail R,Re Ldf,G, D Perdicula asiatica Latham Jungle Bush-Quail R,Re Ldf,G Perdicula argoondah Sykes Rock Bush-Quail R, Re Ldf,G spadicea Gmelin Red Spurfowl R,Re Ldf,G Gallus sonneratii Temminck Grey Junglefowl Uc,Re Ldf,G Pavo cristatus Linne Indian Peafowl C, Re Ldf,G, D ORDER : Gruiformes Grus antigone Linn. Sarus Crane R,Re VU A Grus grus Common Crane R,Wm A Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant White-breasted Waterhen Uc, Re A Porphyrio porphyrio Latham Purple Swamphen Uc,Re A (Purple Moorhen) Gallinula chloropus Blyth Common Moorhen C,Re A Fulica atra Linn Common Coot C,Re A Sypheotides indica Miller Lesser Florican R,Re EN A ORDER : Charadriiformes Hydrophasianus chirurgus Scopoli Pheasant-tailed Jacana Uc,Re A Metopidius indicus Latham Bronze-winged Jacana R,Re A Charadrius dubius Legge Little Ringed Plover Uc,Re A Charadrius alexandrinus Linn. Kentish Plover Uc,Wm A Vanellus malarbaricus Boddaert Yellow-wattled Lapwing R, Re A Vanellus indicus Boddaert Red-wattled Lapwing C,Re A Vanellus leucurus Lichtenstein White-tailed Lapwing R,Wm A Gallinago stenura Bonaparte Pintail Snipe Uc,Wm A Gallinago gallinago Linn. Common Snipe Uc,Wm A Gallinago minima Brunnich Jack Snipe R, Wm A Limosa limosa Linn. Black-tailed Godwit Uc, Wm NT A Limosa lapponica Linn. Bar-tailed Godwit Uc, Wm A Numenius arquata Linn. Eurasian Curlew R, Wm NT A Tringa erythropus Pallas Spotted Redshank R, Wm A Tringa totanus Linn. Common Redshank C, Wm A

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Tringa stagnatilis Bechstein Marsh Sandpiper Uc,Wm A Tringa nebularia Gunnerus Common Greenshank Uc,Wm A Tringa ochropus Linn. Green Sandpiper Uc,Wm A Tringa glareola Linn. Wood Sandpiper C, Wm A Actitis hypoleucos Linn. Common Sandpiper C, Wm A Calidris minuta Leisler Little Stint C, Wm A Philomachus pugnax Linn. Ruff Uc,Wm A Himantopus himantopus Linn. Black-winged Stilt C,Re A Recurvirostra avosetta Linn. Avocet R,Wm A Burhinus oedicnemus Linn. Eurasian Thick-knee R,Re A Esacus magnirostris Cuvier Great Thick-knee R,Re A Cursorius coromandelicus Gmelin Indian Courser Uc,Re A Glareola lactea Temminck Small Indian Pratincole R,Re A Larus brunnicephalus Jerdon Brown-headed Gull R,Wm A Gelochelidon nilotica Gmelin Gull-billed Tern R,Wm A Sterna aurantia J.E. Gray River Tern C,Re A Sterna acuticauda Gray Black-bellied Tern Uc,Re NT A Chlidonias hybridus Stephens Indian Whiskered Tern R,Wm A ORDER : Columbiformes Columba livia Strickland Indian Blue Rock Pigeon C,Re A Streptopelia senegalensis Gmelin Indian Little Brown Dove C,Re Df,Ldf, D Streptopelia chinensis Gmelin Spotted Dove C,Re Df,Ldf, D Streptopelia tranquebarica Hermann Indian Red Turtal Dove C,Re Df,Ldf, D Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky Indian Ring Dove C,Re Df,Ldf, D Treron phoenicoptera Latham Yellow-legged Green-Pigeon R,Re Df,Ldf ORDER : Psittaciformes Psittacula eupatria Linn. Alexandrine Parakeet Uc,Re Df,Ldf, D Psittacula krameri Neumann Rose-ringed Parakeet C,Re Df,Ldf, D Psittacula cyanocephala Linn. Blossomheaded Parakeet Uc,Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Cuculiformes Clamator jacobinus Boddaert Pied Crested Cuckoo R,Sm Ldf Hierococcyx varius Vahl Common Hawk Cuckoo R,Re Df,Ldf Eudynamys scolopacea Linn. Indian Koel C,Re Df,Ldf, D Centropus sinensis Stephens Common crow-pheasant C,Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Strigiformes Tyto alba Hartert Indian Barn Owl R,Re Df,Ldf Otus bakkamoena Pennant Collared Scops-Owl R,Re Df,Ldf Bubo bubo Linn. Eagle-Owl R,Re Df,Ldf Bubo zeylonensis Temminck Brown Fish-Owl R,Re Df,Ldf Strix ocellata Lesson Mottled Wood-Owl R,Re Df,Ldf Glaucidium radiatum Tickell Jungle Owlet R,Re Df,Ldf Athene brama Temminck Spotted Owlet Uc, Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgus indicus Latham Indian Jungle Uc, Re Df,Ldf Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham Indian Little Nightjar Uc,Re Df,Ldf ORDER : Apodiformes Apus affinis Gray House Swift C,Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Coraciiformes

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Alcedo atthis Reichenbach Small Blue Kingfisher R,Re A Pelargopsis capensis Linn. Storkbilled Kingfisher R,Re A Halcyon smyrnensis Linn. White-breasted Kingfisher C,Re A,Ldf Ceryle rudis Reichenbach Lesser Pied Kingfisher Uc,Re A Merops orientalis Latham Small Green Bee-eater C,Re Df,Ldf, D Merops philippinus Linn. Blue-tailed Bee-eater C,Wm Df,Ldf, D Coracias garrulus Loudon & Tschudi Kashmir Roller Uc,Pm NT Ldf,D Coracias benghalensis Linn. Indian Roller C,Re Df,Ldf, D Upupa epops Linn. Common Hoopoe C,Re Df,Ldf, D Tockus birostris Scopoli Indian Grey Hornbill C, Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Piciformes Megalaima zeylanica Gmelin Large Green Barbet R,Re Df,Ldf, D Megalaima haemacephala Latham Coppersmith Barbet R,Re Df,Ldf, D Jynx torquilla Linn. Wryneck R,Wm Ldf Picoides nanus Vigors Pygmy Woodpecker R,Re Df,Ldf Picoides mahrattensis Latham Yellow-fronted Pied R,Re Df,Ldf Woodpecker Picus xanthopygaeus Gray & Gray Streak-throated Woodpecker Uc,Re Df,Ldf Dinopium benghalense Linn. Lesser Golden-backed C,Re Df,Ldf, Woodpecker D Dendrocopos mahrattensis Latham Yellow crowned woodpecker R Df,Ldf, D Chrysocolaptes festivus Boddaert Black-backed Woodpecker C,Re Df,Ldf, D ORDER : Passeriformes Pitta brachyura Linn. Indian Pitta R,Re Df Mirafra erythroptera Blyth Redwinged Bush Lark Uc,Re Ldf,D Eremopterix grisea Scopoli Ashycrowned Finch-Lark R,Re Ldf Ammomanes phoenicurus Franklin Rufoustailed Finch-Lark R,Re Ldf,D Hirundo concolor Sykes Dusky Crag Martin Uc,Re Ldf,D Hirundo rustica Linn. Common Swallow C,Wm Ae Hirundo smithii Stephens Wire-tailed Swallow C,Re Ldf,D Hirundo daurica Linn. Red-rumped Swallow Uc, Re Ae Hirundo fluvicola Blyth Indian Cliff Swallow Uc,Re Ldf,D Motacilla alba Linn. White Wagtail Uc,Wm G,A,D Motacilla madaraspatensis Gmelin Large Pied Wagtail Uc,Re A,D Motacilla citreola Pallas Yellowheaded Wagtail Uc,Wm A,D Motacilla flava Billberg Yellow Wagtail Uc,Wm A,D Motacilla cinerea Tunstall Grey Wagtail R,Wm A,D Anthus rufulus Vieillot Paddyfield Pipit C,Re G,D Anthus campestris Linn. Tawny Pipit C,Wm Ldf,G, D Coracina novaehollandiae Lesson Large Cuckoo-Shrike R,Re Ldf,D Coracina melanoptera Ruppell Black-headed Cuckoo-Shrike R,Re Ldf Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Linn. Small Minivet Uc,Re Ldf Pericrocotus erythropygius Jerdon White-bellied Minivet R,Re Ldf Tephrodornis pondicerianus Gmelin Common Wood Shrike R,Re Ldf Pycnonotus cafer Linn. Red-vented Bulbul C,Re Ldf,D Aegithina tiphia Linn. Common Iora R,Re Ldf Aegithina nigrolutea Marshall Marshall’s Iora R,Re Ldf Lanius isabellinus Ehrenberg Rufous-tailed Shrike R,Wm Ldf Lanius vittatus Valenciennes Bay-backed Shrike Uc,Re Ldf,D

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Lanius schach Vigors Rufous Backed Shrike Uc,Re Ldf,D Lanius meridionalis Temminck Southern Grey Shrike R,Re Ldf,D Monticola solitarius Blyth Blue Rock Thrush R,Wm Ldf Zoothera citrina Latham Orange Headed Thrush R,Re Ldf Luscinia calliope Pallas Siberian Rubythroat R,Re Ldf Luscinia svecica Linn. Bluethroat R,Wm Ldf,G Copsychus saularis Linn. Oriental Magpie-Robin C,Re Df,Ldf, D Saxicoloides fulicata Linn. Indian Robin C,Re Ldf,D Phoenicurus ochruros Moore Black Redstart C,Re Ldf,D Saxicola torquata Pallas Collared Bush Chat R,Wm Ldf,D Saxicola caprata Sykes Pied Bushchat R,Wm Ldf,D Oenanthe picata Blyth Variable Wheatear R,Wm Ldf,D Oenanthe pleschanka Lepechin Pied wheatear R,Wm Ldf,D Oenanthe deserti Temminck Desert Wheatear R,Wm Ldf,D Oenanthe isabellina Temminck Isabelline Chat R,Wm Df,Ldf Cercomela fusca Blyth Brown Rock Chat Uc,Re Df,Ldf, D Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Sykes Slatyheaded Scimitar-Babbler R,Re Df,Ldf Dumetia hyperythra Franklin Rufous Bellied Babbler R,Re Ldf,G Chrysomma sinense Gmelin Yellow Eyed Babbler Uc, Re Ldf,G Turdoides malcolmi Sykes Large Grey Babbler C,Re Ldf,D Turdoides striatus Dumont C, Re Df,Ldf, D Cisticola juncidis Franklin Streaked Fantail-Warbler Uc,Re Ldf,G, D Prinia buchanani Blyth Rufous fronted Wern - C,Re Ldf,D Warbler Prinia hodgsonii Blyth Ashy-grey Wern Warbler Uc,Re Ldf,G, D Prinia sylvatica Jerdon Jungle Wern Warbler C,Re Ldf,G Prinia socialis Sykes Ashy Wern Warbler Uc,Re Ldf,G Prinia inornata Sykes Plain Wern Warbler Uc,Re Ldf,G, D Acrocephalus stentoreus Jerdon Indian Great Reed-Warbler Uc,Wm Ldf,G Orthotomus sutorius Pennant Common Tailorbird C,Re Df,Ldf, D Phylloscopus collybita Vieillot Chiffchaff C,Wm Ldf,G, D Phylloscopus trochiloides Sundevall Greenish Leaf-Warbler Uc,Pm Df,Ldf Phylloscopus humei Brooks Hume’s Warbler Uc,Wm Ldf Sylvia curruca Linn. Lesser Whitethroat Uc,Wm Ldf,G Muscicapa parva Bechstein Red breasted Flycatcher Uc,Wm Ldf Muscicapa superciliaris Jerdon Ultramarine Flycatcher R,Wm Ldf Muscicapa tickelliae Blyth Tickell’s Blue-Flycatcher Uc,Re Ldf Culicicapa ceylonensis Swainson Grey headed Flycatcher R,Wm Ldf Terpsiphone paradisi Swainson Paradise Flycatcher R,Re Df Rhipidura albicollis Vieillot White-throated Fantail C,Re Ldf Rhipidura aureola Lesson White-browed Fantail Uc,Re Ldf Parus major Whistler Great Tit C,Re Df,Ldf, D Nectarinia asiatica Latham Purple Sunbird C,Re Df,Ldf, D Zosterops palpebrosus Temminck Oriental White-eye Uc,Re Ldf Melophus lathami Gray Crested Bunting C,Re Ldf,D Carpodacus erythrinus Pallas Common Rosefinch R,Wm Ldf,D Estrilda Linn. Red Avadavat (Red Munia) R,Re G Estrilda formosa Latham Green Avadavat (Green R,Re VU G Munia)

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Lonchura malabarica Linn. White throated Munia R,Re Ldf,G, D punctulata Linn. Spotted Munia R,Re Ldf,G, D Passer domesticus Jardine & Selby House Sparrow C,Re Ldf,D Petronia xanthocollis Burton Yellow throated Sparrow Uc,Re Ldf Ploceus philippinus Linn Baya Weaver Uc,Re Ldf,D pagodarum Gmelin Brahminy C,Re Ldf,D Sturnus roseus Linn. Rosy Pastor R,Wm Ldf,D Sturnus contra Linn Asian Pied Uc,Re Ldf,D Acridotheres tristis Linn. C,Re Ldf,D Acridotheres ginginianus Latham Bank Myna C,Re Ldf,D Gracula religiosa Hill myna C, Re Ldf,D Oriolus oriolus Linn. Eurasian Golden Oriole C,Re Df,Ldf, D Oriolus xanthornus Linn. Black hooded oriole C,Re Df,Ldf, D Dicrurus caerulescens Linn. White-bellied Drongo C,Re Df,Ldf Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot Black Drongo C,Re Df,Ldf, D Dendrocitta vagabunda Latham Indian Treepie C,Re Ldf,D Corvus splendens Vieillot House Crow C,Re Df,Ldf, D Corvus macrorhynchos Adams Jungle Crow C,Re Df,Ldf, D Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed drongo C,Re Ldf,D Anthus hodgsoni Richmond Olive backed pipit C,Re Ldf,D Status: C= Common, Uc= Uncommon, R=Rare, Re= Resident, Wm = Winter migrant, Pm= Passage migrant, Sm= Summer migrant

IUCN Status: CEn= Critical endangered, EN= Endangered, NT=Near threatened, VU=Vulnerable

Figure 1: Total number of Species in each order recorded in Chittaurgarh District during study.

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Out of total 243species, 35.39% (n=86) species were found in aquatic habitat while 66.61% (n=157) species were found in terrestrial habitat (Figure 2). Out of these 30.45% were common, 27.16% uncommon and 42.39% were rare. Of these 72.41 were resident, 26.33% winter migratory, 0.84% passage migrant and 0.42% summer migrants.

300 250 Rare 200 150 100 50 Number ofNumber Species 0 Total Aquatic Terrestrial

Figure 2: Graph showing status and occurrence of avian diversity in different haitats in the study area.

According to IUCN Red List status Six globally threatened species recorded: Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus and King vulture Sarcogyps calvus (Critically Endangered), Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica (Endangered) and Green Munia Estrilda formosa and Sarus crane Grus antigone (Vulnerable), plus eight Near Threatened species: Darter Anhinga rufa melanogaster, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica melanocephalus, Pale Harrier Circus macrourus, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda and Kashmir Roller Coracias garrulous. 56 families represented by 243 bird species, Family Muscicapidae was dominant group with 36 species, followed by Family Accipitridae with 19 species in which Gyps indicus and Sarcogyps calvus are critical endangered. Neophron percnopterus endangered under IUCN status. Followed by family Scolopacidae and Anatidae with 15 species each.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are most grateful to DFO Chittaurgarh, CCF, Chief wildlife warden and his staff for providing all the field facilities and the impetus to carry on the present work. We are most grateful to Dr. RazaTehsin, Dr. Satish Sharma and Dr. S. Dubey for their constant and critical analysis of work during study period. We are also thankful to Raja Ram Sharma and Dilip Mali for their help during study.

REFERENCES

1. A.L. Mayer and G.N. Cameron. Landscape characteristics, spatial extent, and breeding bird diversity in Ohio, USA. Diversity and Distributions, 2003, Vol. 9: 297 – 311.

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Corresponding author: Mohammed yaseen; *Department of Zoology, B.N.P.G. College, Udaipur-313001, India 1,2, 3Central Academy, Chittorgarh -312001.

947 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D, Nov. 2014 – Jan. 2015; Vol.5, No.1; 937-947.