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Home , Arestorides, Blasicrura, Callistocypraea, Calpurnus verrucosus, Canarium (gastropod), Cellana testudinaria

Marine of the New Hebrides

ALAN SOLEM I

THIS PAPER presents a check list of the marine coast of Island from October mollusks known from the New Hebrides 1943 to January 1945. His 33110ts of marine Islands . In recent years there has been a re­ shells represented 160 and morpho­ vival of interest in Indo-Pacific marine shells types. All NH and ML numbers refer to and active research on their systematics and Kuntz collectin g stations. Information about distribution is being carried on at several each site is found in Solem (1959: pl. 2, and centers. Monographic treatments of families App endix I). About one half ofthe forms had and genera are urgently needed , since the not been previously reported from the New of most groups is in chaotic con­ Hebrides. The Kuntz material is deposited in dition. Until such monographic treatments the University of Michigan Museum of Zool­ become available, critical faunistic studies ogy with a set of duplicates in the Chicago will be impossible. Natural History Museum. Distribution records from faunal reports Some miscellaneous lots of New Hebridean can be useful to monographers if the au­ marine shells were discovered in various mu­ thority for identification is cited (see Solem, seums and the records are incorporated be­ 1954, for use of such data). In a previous low. Material from Tangoa Island off Espiritu paper on the fauna (Solem, Santo (Museum of Comparative Zoology); 1953), no authorities were cited for the iden­ Futuna Island (American Museum of Natural tifications . This omission seriously impaired History), Rano Island off northeast Maleku1a the usefulness ofthat study and in the present (Chicago Natural History Museum), and paper is corrected in part. Both studies were Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (gift of Harold carried out at the Chicago Natural History Harry to Chicago Natural History Museum) Museum while I was a graduate student at the was examined . University of Michigan. Since the summer of PREVIOUS STUDIES 1952 (when my paper of 1953 was submitted for publication) many nomenclatural changes Surprisingly little has been published on have been recorded in the papers of Kuroda the New Hebridean marine fauna. Both and Habe (1952), Kira (1955), and Demond Bougainville and Cook visited the islands in (1957). These changes are incorporated be­ the late 1700's, but no New Hebridean mol­ low, although most of the identifications lusks are known to have been brought back were completed in 1955. Preparation of the from their voyages (von Martens, 1872a, manuscript for publication has been delayed 1872b). On August 24,1829, George Bennett by a detailed study on the New Hebridean collected a living Nautiluspompiliasat Dillon's land mollusks (Solem, 1959). Bay, Erromanga (Owen, 1832), and about the same time the "Astrolabe" scientists found MATERIAL STUDIED 62 species of marine shells at Ticopia and The collection initiating this project was in the neighboring Santa Cruz Is­ made by Robert E. Kuntz on the southeast lands (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832-1835 ). Dohrn (1864), H. Adams (1872), Baird (in 1 Assistant Curator of Lower Invertebrates, Depart­ Brenchley, 1873), Brazier (1894, 1896), Daut­ ment of Zoology, Chicago Natural History Museum , Chicago, Illinois . Manuscript received September 18, zenberg (1900), Fischer (1902), and Willey 1957. (1902)_published brief notes or descriptions.

253 254 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Mabille (1895) studied a small collection , H Donated by Harold Harr y Hedley (1899) included New Hebridean dis­ Hedley Hedley (1899) tribution records in his Funafuti repo rt, C. R. IK Ingram and Kenyon (1946) Boettger (1916) listed a few marine shells, Mabille Mabille (1895) and Ingram and Kenyon (1946) recorded MCZ Museum of Comparative from Espiritu Santo. Zoology The only comprehensive studies are those ML Collecting station on Espiritu of Fischer and Fischer-Pierre (1938, 1939) on Santo recent marine shells and of Abrard (1946) on NH Same as ML fossils. Two short lists appearing in the S Schilder and Schilder (1952) Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 23 (1943) are ignored, since Class PELECYPODA the identifications of one collection were Family ARCIDAE found to be unreliable. Anadara pilula Reeve F SYSTEMATIC LIST Anadara rhombea Born F The classification is slightly modified from Anadara scapha Meuschen Ki ra (1955: pl. Thiele (1929- 1935). Specific and generic no­ 43, fig. 12); NH 8 A rea imbricata imbricata Gmelin F menclature follows recent J apanese useage, with the often more familiar synonyms usu­ A rca imbricata avellana Lamarck ( = maculata ally bein g cited. Trinomials, when used, rep­ Sowerby) Reeve, Area, pl. XI, fig. 71; resent marked morphologic variants who se NH 14, New Hebrides (H edley) taxonomic status is uncertain. They do not Barbatia bicolorata Dillw yn ( = f usca Bru- represent " subspecies." guiere, non Solander) F Identifications have been made from the Barbatia lima Reeve ( =decussata of authors, Chicago Natural History Museum collection non Sowerby) Kira (1955: pl. 42, fig. 12); and have been checked against original illus­ Tangoa,Espiritu Santo Barbatia ovata Gmelin ( = nivea Chemnitz) trations whenever possible. For convenience, however, I have cited a reference figure from Reeve, A rea, pl. XIV, fig. 90; NH 4, an easily available source, such as Hirase and NH 5, NH 9, New Hebrides (F) Taki (1951) or Kira (1955), for many of the Family GLYCYMERIDAE common species. Orher reference figures are from the standard iconographies of Kiener, Glycymeris (Ve letuceta ) reeoei Mayer F Reeve, Sowerby, Martini and Chemnitz (2nd edition), and the M anual of Conchology. A Family NUCULIDAE similar procedure was adopted by Demond (1957). L eda verconis Tate Ro y. Soc. So. Austral., The following symbols indicate the sources Trans. 1891: 261, pl. 11, fig. 4 F of the species listed: Family MYTILIDAE AMNH American Museum of Natural History Brachidontes ( Septifer) bilocularis Linne Hi ­ Boettger C. R. Boettger (1916) rase and Taki (1951: pl. 18, fig. 2) ; NH 7, F Brazier Brazier (1894, 1896) Brachidontes (Brachidontes) crebristriatus Con­ CNHM Chicago Natural Hisrory Mu­ rad D all, Barrsch, and Reh der (1938: pl. seum 8, figs. 5-8); ML 28 F Fischer and Fischer-Pierre Modiolus auriculatus Krauss (= moduloides (1938, 1939) Roding P) F Marine Mollusca - SOLEM 255

Family VULSELLIDAE Family CARDITIDAE Isognomon isognomum Linne F Beguina (Mytilicardita) aviculina Lamarck Isognomon nucleus Lamarck F Reeve, Cardita, pl. IV, fig. 18; NH 9 Isognomon quadrangularis Reeve Immer Beguina (Mytilicardita) variegata Bruguiere F (Bo ettg er) . Venericardia ovalis Reeve F Isognomon sulcatum Lamarck Reeve, Perna, pl. 4, fig. 6; NH 9, NH 12, NH 14, F Family LUCINIDAE Isognomon vitreum Reeve F Codakia (Codakia) tigerina Linne F Family PINNIDAE Codakia ( Jagonia) divergens Philippi New Hebrides (H edley), F Pinna rumphii Hanley F Fimbria fimbriata Linne F Family PECTENIDAE Loripes assimilis Angas F Lucina (Lucina) edentula Linn e F Aequipecten pallium Linne F, Erromanga (H edley) Family CHAMIDAE Chlamys squamatus Gmelin F Chama asperella Lamarck F Comptopallium radula Linne F Chama imbricata Broderip Zool. Soc. Lon­ Cryptopecten inaequivalvis Sowerby F don, Trans. 1835: pl. 39, fig. 1; Aneiteum Plicatula plicatus Linne Reeve, Plicatula, pl. (H edley) II, fig. 5; NH 13, F Spondylus ducalis R6ding F Family CARDIIDAE Spondylus linguafelis Sowerby F Fragum fragum Linne F Spondylus nicobaricus zona/is Lamarck F Fragum nivale Reeve F Spondylus variegatus "Chemnitz" F Papyridea (Fulvia) australis Sowerby F Family LIMIDAE Trachycardium jlavum dupuchense Reeve F Lima a/ata Hedley F Family TRIDACNIDAE Lima annu/ata Lamarck F Hippopus hippopus Linne Kira (1955: pl. 55, Family OSTREIDAE fig. 15); Tangoa,Espiritu Santo (MCZ) Ostraea cristaga/li Linn e Reeve , Ostraea, pl. Family VENERIDAE XXVIII, fig. 72; Havannah Harbour, Circe (Circe) plana.Odhner K. vetensk. Akad. Vate (H ed ley ) H andl. , 52 (16) : pl. 1, figs. 23-25; NH 5 Ostraea forska/i Gmelin F Dosinia aff. angulosa Philippi F Ostraea pau/ucciae Crosse (=pa/mipes Sower­ Gafrarium dispar mixtum Lamarck F by ) F Gafrarium pectinatum Lamarck F Ostraea p/icatu/a Gmelin F Gafrarium tumidum R6ding ( = gibbium La­ marck) Hirase and Taki (1951: pl. 33, fig. Family CORBICULIDAE 3) ; NH 5, NH 9 Polymesoda (Ge/oina ) cyprinoides Quoy and Lioconcha castrensis Linne K ira (1955: pl. 57, Gaimard Martini and Chemnitz, IX (3): fig. 3) ; ML 28, Anei teum (H edley), F pl. 20, figs . 3, 4; ML 75 Lioconchaornata Dillwyn ( = picta Lamarck ) F Polymesoda (Geloina) ingens Dautzenberg ( = Pitar (Lepidocardia) australica Reeve F cyprinoides Quoy & Gaimard ?) Dautzen­ Pitar (Pitarina) citrina Lamarck F berg (1900: pl. 5); Espiritu Santo (Da ut­ Pitar (Paradione) erycina Linne F zenberg , 1900 ) Pitar (Lepidocardia) jlorida Lamarck F 256 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Pitar (Paradione) philippinarum Han ley F Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 44, fig. 1); Tapes litteratus Linne F NH 9,F Venerupis (Amygdala) variegata Sowerby Hi­ Quadrans (Quidnipagus) palatam Iredale ( = rase and Taki (1951: pi. 40, fig. 6); NH 7, rugosa Born) F F Strigilla ( Strigilla) splendida Anton F Venus (Periglypta ) lacerata Hanley F Tellina (Tellina) crucigera Lamarck F Venus (Leucoma) marica Linne F Tellina (Pharaonella) perna Spengler F VentlS (Periglypta) puerpera Linne Hirase Tellina (Tellinella) petalina Deshayes F and Taki (1951: pi. 36, fig. 2); NH 9 Tellina (Tellina) virgata Linne ( =jubar Han- Venus (Periglypta) reticulata Linne F ley) F Family MESODESMATIDAE Family PHOLADIDAE Mesodesma (A tactodea) glabratum Gmelin F J ouannetia (T riomphalia) globulosa Quoy and M esodesma (Davila) planum Hanley F Gaimard F M esodesma (Atact odea) striatum Lamarck Reeve, Mesodesma, pi. 2, fig. 10; NH 5, Family TEREDINIDAE NH 9 Bankia bipalmulata Lamarck Turtle Bay, M esodesma (A tactodea) trigona Deshayes Espiritu Santo (MCZ ) Reeve, Mesodesma, pi. III, fig. 19; Tangoa, Espiritu Santo (MCZ) Class CEPHALOPODA Family MACTRIDAE Family NAUTILIDAE Cardilia semisulcata Lamarck F Nautilus pompilius Linne Tangoa, Espiritu M actra (Mactra) cuneata Gmelin F Santo (MCZ), Dillon's Bay, Erromanga Mactra (M actra) kanakina Souverbie F and Aneiteum (Bennett, 1860) Mactra (M actra) maculata Gmelin F Class Family DONACIDAE Subclass OPI STHOBRANCHIA Donax crenatus Linne F Family ACTAEONIDAE Donax tinctus Gould F Pupa sulcata Gmelin Man . Conch. (1)15: pi. Family GARIDAE 20A, figs. 39, 46-48; Aneiteum (H edley) Asaphis (Asaphis) deflorata Linne Vate Family BULLIDAE (H edley), Immer (Boettger) , F Sanguinolaria (Soletellina) elongata Lamarck (Bulla) adamsi Men ke Man. Conch. , (= violacea Lamarck) F (1)15: pi. 35, figs. 15, 16, 19, 20; Male­ kula (CN H M) Family TELLINIDAE Family ATYIDAE Angulus (Tellinides) apalintls Gmelin F Angulus (Ex otica) clathrata Deshayes ( = Atys (A tys) naucum Linne F rhomboides Quoy & Gaimard ) F Haminoea crocata Pease F Angulus (A ngulus) rubellus Deshayes F Smaragdinella (Sma ragdinella) viridis Rang F Arcopagia (A rcopaginula) inflata Gmelin F Family OXYNOIDAE Arcopagia (Pinguitellina) robusta Hanley F Arcopagia (A rcopagia) subelliptica Sowerby F Oxynoe hargravesi H . Adams H . Adams Cyclotellina (Cyclotellina) remiesLinne F (1872: pi. 3, fig. 30); New Hebrides (type Cyclotellina (Scutarcopagia) scobinata Linne locality) Marine Mollusca- SOLEM 257

Subclass PULM ON A T A Gena (Plocamotis) lutea Adams F Mo nilea (Ta lopena) lif uana Fischer Man. Family SIPHONARIIDAE Conch., (1) 11: pi. 41, figs. 6, 7; Aneiteum Siphonaria laciniosa Linne Hira se and Taki (H edley) (1951: pi. 121, fig. 11); NH 5 (M onodonta) canalifera Lamarck Immer (Boettger) Subclass PROSOBR A N CHIA ( Stomatella) sulcifera Lamarck Ma­ Family HALIOTIDAE lekula (F) Haliotis ( Sanhaliotis) dohrnian a Dunker Man. Stomatia (Stomatia) angulata Adams F Conch., (1) 12: pi. 7, figs. 39-41; New Stomatia (Stomatia) phymotis phymotis Hel­ Hebrides (type locality), Tangoa, Espiritu bing F Santo (MCZ) Stomatia (Stomatia) phymotis australis Adams Haliotis (Haliotis) pustulata Reeve (=dohrni­ Man. Conch. , (1) 12: pi. 54, figs. 1-3; ana Dunker?) Vate (F) NH 4 Haliotis (Hali otis) stomatiaeformis Reeve Tan­ Tectus (Cardinalia) fenestratus Gmelin Kiener, na (F) , pi. 38, fig. 3; NH 4, NH 11 , NH Haliotis (Sanhaliotis) varia Linne Man. 13, NH 14, Espiritu Santo (F) Conch., (1)12: pi. 23, figs. 53- 55; NH 13 Tectus (Rochia ) niloticus Linne Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 65, fig. 6); NH 9, NH 12, Family FISSURELLIDAE NH 13, NH 14 Clypidina lamberti Souverbie Tanna (F) Tectus (Tectus) pyramis Born ( = obeliscus Diodora lineata Sowerby Man. Conch ., Gmelin ) Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 65, (1)13: pi. 63, figs. 29, 30; NIt 1, New fig. 8); NH 8, Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Heb rides (CNHM ) Santo (H) Bmarginula (Bmarginula) scabricostata Adams Tegula (Chlorostoma) pfe fferi Dohrn ( = (F) dohrni Pilsbry) Man. Conch ., (1) 11: 189, pi. 61, figs. 28-29; New Hebrides (type Family locality), Anelgauhaut Harbor, Aneiteum (Scutellastra) stellaeformis Reeve Kira (Brazier) (1955: pi. 5, fig. 6); Cape Lisburn , Espiritu T rochus (T rochus) incrassatus incrassatus La­ Santo (H ), F marck F amusitata Reeve F T rochus (T rochus) incrassatus creniferus Kiener Cellana nigrolineata Reeve Immer (Boettger ) Kiener, Trocbas, pi. 34, fig. 3; Cape Lis­ Cellana testudinaria Linne Vanua-Lava (F), burn , Espiritu Santo (H) Tanna (F) Trochus (Tr ochus) maculatus maculatus Linne Hanley, Ip sa Conchologia Linnaei, pi. 3, Family fig. 7; NH 12, NH 13, Vate (F) Chrysostoma paradoxum Born Hirase and Trochus (Trochus) maculatus granosusLamarck Taki (1951: pi. 67, fig. 1); NH 12, NH 13, Kien er, Tr ocbus, pi. 34, fig. 1; ML 6, NH 8, NH 14, Immer (Boettger ) NH 9, NH 14 Diloma (M elagraphia) constellata Souverbie T rochus (T rochus) maculatus verrucosusGmelin Anelgauhaut Harb or, Aneiteum (Bra­ Kiener, Tr ochus, pi. 109, fig. 4; NH 5 zier) Trochus (Infundibulum) tubiferus Kiener F Eucbelus (Buchelus) atratus Gmelin Man. Family ANGARIIDAE Conch., (1)11: pi. 38, fig. 22; NH 4, NH 5, NH 9, NH 11 , NH 12, NH 13, Angaria delphinus delphinus Linne Hirase Vate (F) and Taki (1951: pi. 71, fig. 8); NH 7, NH 258 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

8, NH 9, Vate (F) thi s time, since, like the Thiaridae, it pri­ Angaria delphinus atrata Reeve Espiritu marily inhabits fresh or brackish waters . Santo (F) (Theliostyla) albicilla Linne Hi rase Family TURBINIDAE and Taki (1951: pI. 75, fig. 8); NH 1, NH Astraea (Calcar) stellaris Gmelin Man. 4, NH 9, NH 13, Erromanga (H edley) , Conch., (1)10: pI. 55, figs. 66- 68; NH 9, Tangoa , Espiritu Santo (MCZ ) Vate (F) N erita (Ritena) grossa Linne M an. Conch., Liotia (Liotia) peronii Kiener F (1)10: pI. 5, fig. 85; NH 7, Vate (F) Liotia (Arene) crenata Kiener Man. Con ch., N erita (A mphinerita) maxima Gmelin M ar­ (1)10: pI. 36, figs. 12, 13; Aneiteum tini and Chemnitz, II (11): pI. 6, figs . 1-5; (H edley) Aneiteum (H edley) Turbo (Marmarostoma) argyrostomus argyro­ N erita (Theliostyla) patula Reclu z M an. stomus Linne Hira se and Taki (1951: pI. Conch., (1) 10: pI. 3, figs . 52, 55; NH 8 73, fig. 4) ; NH 9 N erita (Ritena) plicata Linne M artini and Turbo (Marmarostoma) argyrostomus marga­ Chemnitz, II (11) : pI. 10, figs . 7, 10; NH 5, ritaceus Linne Man. Conch., (1)10: pI. 45, NH 8, NH 9, NH 11, NH 12, NH 13, fig. 100: ML 6, NH 8, NH 9 Erromanga (H edley) , Immer (Boettg er) , Turbo (M armarostoma) chrysostomus Linne New Hebrides (F) Man. Conch., (1) 10: pI. 40, fig. 19; NH 8, N erita (A mphinerita ) polita Linn e Hirase NH 12, NH 13, NH 14 and Taki (1951: pI. 7 5, fig. 13); ML 42, Turbo (M armarostoma) crassus Wood Man. NH 1, NH 5, NH 7, NH 8, NH 9, NH 13, Conch., (1) 10: pI. 47, fig. 20; Tangoa, NH 14, Vate (F), Espiritu Santo (F), Espiritu Santo (MCZ ), Vate (F) Erromanga (H edley), Tangoa, Espiritu Turbo (Olearia) marmoratus Linne K ira Santo (MCZ ), New Hebrides (M abille) (1955: pI. 9, fig. 7) ; Tangoa,Espiritu Ne rita (N erita) signata Lamarck ( = reticulata Santo (MCZ) Karsten) Man. Conch., (1)10: pI. 3, fig. Turbo (Turbo) petholatus Linne Hirase and 49 ; ML 28, NH 7, NH 9, NH 12, NH 13 Taki (1951: pI. 73, fig. 1); NH 8 N erita (Ritena) undata Linne M an. Conch., Turbo (Lunella) porphyrites Gmelin M an. (1)10: pI. 5, fig. 87; NH 1, NH 5, NH 7, Conch., (1)10: pI. 50, fig. 58; NH 8, NH 9 NH 8, NH 9, NH 13, NH 14, Immer Turbo (M armarostoma) setosus setosus Gmelin (Boettg er) Espiritu Santo (F) Turbo (Marmarostoma) setosus patulus Philippi Family LITTORINIDAE Man. Conch., (1) 10: pI. 63, fig. 33; NH 8, NH 11 Littorina (Melaraphe) mauritiana Lamarck Reeve, Littorina, pI. XVII, fig. 100: New Family PHASIANELLIDAE Hebrides (M abille) Littorina (Melaraphe) coccinea Gmelin ( = Phasianella (Orthomesium) variegata Lamarck obesa Sowerby) Man. Conch., (1)9: pI. 43, Tanna (F) fig. 53; Vate (H edley ) Phasianella (Orthomesium) wisemanni Baird Littorinopsis (Littorinopsis) scabra scabra Linne Brenchley (1873: pI. 38, fig. 34); Aneiteum Hirase and Taki (1951: pI. 79, fig. 13); (type locality), New Hebrides (CNH M) ML 6, ML 28, NH 11, 4KML, Surenda, Espiritu Santo (F), Hog Harbor, Espiritu Family NERITIDAE Santo (MCZ), Immer (Bo ettg er ), Lagune The Neritina is not con sidered at d', Vate (F) Marine Mollusca - SOLEM 259

Littorinopsis (Littorinopsis) scabra filosa Sow­ here, rather than the newer concepts of Ire­ erby Man. Conch., (1)9: pi. 43, figs. 31, dale and of mo st Japanese workers. 31a; ML 6 Aluco aluco Linne H irase and Taki (1951: pl. Littorinopsis (Littorinopsis) scabra intermedia 83, fig. 7); NH 1, NH 4; adults measure Philippi Ree ve, Littorina, pi. VI , fig . 28a: 49-66.4 mm. in leng th New Hebrides (Mabille) columna Sowerby Hi rase and Taki Littorinopsis (Littorinopsis) undulatus "Mar­ (1951: pl. 83, fig. 9); NH 4, NH 8, NH 9, tyn" Gray H irase and Taki (1951: pi. 79, NH 13, NH 14, Vate (F) fig. 11); NH 7, NH 8, NH 12 Cerithium echinatum Lamarck Ki ener, Cerithi­ Bchininus cumingi Philippi H . and A. Adams, um, pi. 3, fig . 1; NH 9 Genera of recent shells, 3: pi. 33, fig. 3; Cerithium nodulosum Bruguiere (= Contumax NH 8, Vate (F), New Hebrides (Mabille) decol/atusHedley) H irase and Taki (1951: pi. 83, fig. 8); NH 14 Family RISSOIDAE Cerithium .consisum Hombron and Jacquino t Rissoina ambigua Gould Vate (F), Tanna (F) (=m orus Lamarck ) Man. Conch.,(1)9 : Rissoina exasperata Souverbie Vate (F) pi. 24, figs. 29-33; NH 4, NH 5, NH 8, Rissoina plicata Adams Vate (F) NH 9,NH 13 Cerithium consisum sejunctum Iredale ( = varie­ Family SOLARIIDAE gatum Quoy and Gaimard) F Philippia hybridum Linne Sarakata, Espiritu Cerithium consisum vittatum Sowerby F Santo (F) Ischnocerithium rostratum Sowerby M an. Philippia radiata Reding (= cingulum Kiener) Conch., (1)9 : pi. 23, figs. 90, 91; Vate (F) , Kiener , Solarium, pi. 3, fig. 6; NH 12, New Hebrides (H edley) NH 13 Liocerithium piperitum Sowerby Man. Con ch. , (1)9 : pi. 27, fig. 31; NH 13, Vate (F) Family VERMETIDAE Proclava zebra Kiener M an. Conch. , (1)9: Vermetus dentifer Lamarck F pl. 25,figs. 71, 72; New Hebrides (H edley) Rhinoclavis asperus Linn e Hi rase and Taki Family PLANAXIDAE (1951: pi. 83, fig. 1); NH 5, NH 8 Planaxis (Quoyia) decol/atus Quoy and Gai ­ Rhinoclavis fasciatus Bruguiere M an . Conch., mard New Hebrides (Mabille) (1)9 : pi. 29, figs. 65-67; Segond Channel, Planaxis (Planaxis) lineatus DaCosta Hirase Espiritu Santo (MCZ ), Espiritu Santo (F) and Taki (1951: pi. 79, fig. 17); Ne w Rhinoclavispharos H inds Man. Con ch. , (1)9: Hebrides (H edley) pi. 29, fig. 68; Ne w Hebrides (H edley) Planaxis (Planaxis) nigra Quoy and Gaimard Rhinoclavis sinense Gmelin ( = obeliscus Bru­ Reeve, Planaxis, pi. II, fig. 13; New Heb­ guiere) Hirase andTa ki (1951 : pi. 83, fig . rides (M abille) 4); NH 4, NH 9, NH 13, F Planaxis (Planaxis) sulcatus Born H irase and Rhinoclavis vertagusLinne Espiritu Santo (F), Taki (1951: pi. 79, fig. 16) ; ML 6, Immer Vate (F) (Bo ettg er ) Semivertagus nesioticus Pilsbry and Vanatta (= lacteus Kiener and col/acteum Ired ale) Family POTAMIDIDAE Kiener, Cerithium, pi. 7, fig . 3; NH 12, Terebralia palustris Bruguiere Immer (Boet­ NH 13 tger) Family EPITONIIDAE Family Bpitonium (Limiscala ) lyra Sowerby Sarakata, The traditional generic useage is followed Espirit u Santo (F) 260 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Cirsotrema (Coronoscala ) perplexa Pease Sara­ (Eup rotomus) lentiginosusLinne Hi­ kara, Espiritu Santo (F) rase and Taki (1951: pI. 86, fig. 4) ; NH 8, Tangoa, Espiritu Santo (MCZ ), Espiritu Family EULIMIDAE Santo (F) Eulima hargravesi Brazier ( = porcellana H . Canarium (Canarium) mutabilis Swainson ( = Adams, preocc. ) Adams (1872: pI. 3, fig. jloridanum Lamarck ) D odge (1946: figs . 29); New Hebrides (type locality), Anei­ 4, 8) ; N H 4, NH 5, N H 9, N H 11, N H 12, teum (Br azier) N H 13, N H 14, Espiritu Santo (F), Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (H ), Vate (F), Family Erromanga (H edley), Malekula (CN H M) Lamarck Surenda, Espi ­ Canarium (Labiostrombus) variabile Swainson ritu Santo (F) M an. Conch., (1)7 : pI. 6, figs . 59, 60; NH 10, Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (H) Family AMALTHEIDAE L ambis truncata Solander ( = bryonia Gmelin) Amalthea (Amalthea) australis Quay and Erromanga (H edley) Gaimard (= conica Schumacher?) M an. L ambis scorpioLinne Hirase and Taki (1951: Conch., (1)8 : pI. 41, figs. 12, 13; N H 12, pI. 88, fig. 1); Cape Lisburn, Espiri tu N H 13, N H 14, Tangoa , Espiritu Santo Santo (H ) (MCZ) Terebellum terebellum Linne Hirase and Taki (1951: pI. 89, fig. 1); NH 9, Erromanga Family CAPULIDAE (H edley) CapulltS (Krebsia) intortus Lamarck Man. Conch., (1)8: pI. 39, figs . 75, 76; Aneiteum Family (H edley) Capulus (Capulus) violaceus Angas M an. N atica () marochiensis Gmelin Man. Conch.,(1)8: pI. 39, fig. 81; New Hebrides Conch., (1)8: pI. 5, fig. 75; N H 7, N H 9, (H edley) N H 12, New Hebrides (H edley) Specimens from NH 7 have the typical Family color pat tern ; those from NH 9 and NH 12 Canarium (Eup rotomus) aurisdianae Linne ( = have two spiral bands of brown on a yel­ guttatus Martini) Kira (1955: pI. 16, fig. 2) ; lowish background . Cape Lisburn , Espiritu Santo (H ), Espiritu Natica (Natica) solida Blainville Man. Santo (F) Conch.,(1)8: pI. 20, fig. 98; NH 12 Canarium (Labiostrombus) canarium Linne N atica (N atica) traillii Reeve F Espiritu Santo (F) Polinices (Polinices) albumen Linn e Hirase and Canarium (Canarium ) dentatum Linne K ira Taki (1951: pI. 91, fig. 7); NH 4 (juve­ (1955: pI. 15, fig. 3-as tridentatum Grne­ nile), Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (H) lin ); N H 14 Polinices (Polinices ) jlemingianm Recluz Hi - Canarium (Oostrombus) gibberulum Linne rase and Taki (1951: pI. 91, fig. 5); N H 5, Man. Conch., (1)7: pl. 8, fig. 85; NH 1, NH 9, NH 12 N H 5, N H 9, N H 12, Vate (F), New Polinices (M amilla) mammilla Linne ( = pyri­ Hebrides (H edley) jormisRecluz) Kira (1955c pl. 17,fig. 10); Canarium (Canarium) labiatus R6ding ( = N H 4,N H 7, N H 10, N H 12 ustulatus plicatus Lamarck) Dodge (1946: Polinices (Mamilla) melanostoma Gmelin figs . 3, 7; also 1956: 285); NH 9 Man. Conch., (1)8: pl. 21, fig. 14; NH 7, Canarium (Eup rotomus) latissimus Linne Esp i­ N H 11, Vate (F) ritu Santo (F) NH 11 is var. melanostomoides Quay and Marine Mollusca- SOLEM 261

Gaimard which F reported as a distinct spe­ Tanna (F), Erromanga (H edley), Anei­ cies from Vate , teurn (H edley) (Arabica) arabica Linne Tangoa, Family Espiritu Sant o (MCZ ),Cape Lisburn, ( =AMPHIPERATIDAE) Espiritu Santo (H), Espiritu Santo (F ), verrucosus Linne Hirase and Taki Vate (F) , Erromanga (H edley), Aneiteum (1951: pl. 94, fig. 20); Futuna (AMNH ) (H edley) Ovula ovum Linn e Espiritu Santo (F) Mauritia (A rabica) depressa Gray New Heb­ rides (Schilder and Schilder, 1952) Family ERATOIDAE M auritia (Mauritia) mauritiana Linn e Tan­ Trivirostra oryza Lamarck New H ebrides go a and Segond Channel, Espiritu Santo (H edley) (MCZ ), Espiritu Santo (F, IK), Vate (F) , Erromanga (H edley) , Aneireum (H ed­ Family le y), M alekula (CNHM ) No attempt has been made to utilize the M onetaria annulus Linne NH 4, NH 5, NH elaborate subspecific categories proposed by 7, NH 8, NH 12, NH 13, NH 14, Tangoa the Schilders and man y of their split genera an d Se g ond Channel, Espiritu Santo are igno red . No reference figures are quoted. (MCZ), Espiritu Sant o (F, IK), M ale­ Callistocypraea (Chelycyp raea) testudin aria kula (CNH M) Linne Ane ireum (H edley) M onetaria moneta Linn e NH 4, NH 13, () carneola Linne Espiritu Segond Channel, Espi ritu Sant o (MCZ), Sant o (F, IK) Erromanga (H edley), Malekula (CNHM ) Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx Linne Segond Chan­ Nuclearia nucleus Linn e Espiritu Santo (IK), nel, Espiritu Santo (MCZ), Cape Lisburn, Tanna (F) ,New Hebrides (H edley) Espiritu Santo (H ), Esp iritu Santo (F,IK), asellus Linn e Espiritu Santo (IK ) Erromanga (H edley), Malekula (CNH M) Palmadusta f elina Gmelin Espiritu Santo Cypraea (Cypraea ) tigris Linne Espiritu (Schilder and Schilder, 1952) Santo (F) , Errornanga (H edley) Palmadusta fimbriata Gmelin Espiritu Santo Cypraea (Lyncina) vitellus Linne Segond (IK) Channel, Espi ritu Santo (MCZ ), Espiritu Palmadusta microdon Gray F Santo (IK), Vate (F) cbildreni Gray Espiritu Santo Erosaria (Ravitrona) caputserpentis Linne ML (F, IK ) 6, NH 14, Tangoa, Espiritu Santo (MCZ), Pustularia cicerula Linn e Espiritu Santo (IK), Espiritu Santo (IK), Vare (F) , Erromanga Aneireum (H edley) (H edley) Linn e Tann a (F) Erosaria (Erosaria) erosa Linne NH 8, Pustularia mariae Schilder (=annulata Gray) Espiritu Santo (F), Erromanga (H edley) Espiritu Santo (IK ) Erosaria (Erosaria) helvola Linn e Espiritu ( Staphylaea) limacina Lamarck Santo (IK) Espiri tu Santo (IK) (Erronea) errones Linne Espiritu Staphylaea (Staphylaea) staphylaea Linn e Port Santo (IK) Sandwich, Vate (Schilder and Schilder, Erronea (Blasicrura) hirundo Linn e Espiritu 1952) Santo (IK ) Talpa ria (A restorides) argus Linn e Espiritu Erronea (Blasicrura) neglectaSowerby Espiri tu Santo (F), Erromanga (H edley), Anei­ Santo (IK) teurn (H edley) Luria (Basilitrona) isabella Linne NH 5, Talparia (TalptJria) talpa Linn e Erromanga NH 14, Espiritu Santo (F, IK), Vate (F), (H edley) 262 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Family CASSIDAE Cronia (Vsilla ) margariticola Broderip ( = undata Chemni t z) Man. Conch., (1)2: pl. Semicassis (Casmarea ) vibex Linne Espiritu 59, fig. 260; NH 9, NH 13 Santo (F), Vate (F) Drupa (M orula) anaxeros D unker Man. Family CYMATIIDAE Conch., (1)2: pl. 57, fig. 219; N H 9 Drupa (M orula ) granulata D uclos ( = tuber­ A rgobaccinam bituberettlatum Lamarck Vate culata Blainville) Hirase and Taki (1951: (F) pl. 110, fig. 15); N H 13, New Hebrides Charonia tritonis tritonis Linne Espiritu Santo (F) , Immer (Bo ett g er ) (F) Drupa (D rupina) grossalari« Reding ( = Distorsio anus Linne Hirase and Taki (1951: digit,ata Lamarck) Vate (F) pl. 96, fig. 4) ; NH 8, Espiri tu Santo (F) , Vate (F) Drupa (M orula) marginatra Blainville Kie­ Gyrineum (Gyrinemn ) natator Reding ( = tu­ ner, Purpura, pl. 7, fig. 16; N H 8 berculattsm Broderip) Man. Conch., (1)3: Drupa (D rupa ) morum Reding ( = horrida pl. 23, fig. 46; NH 9, NH 14 Lamarck) Hirase and Taki (1951: pl. 110, Gyrineum (Gyrinella ) pusillum Broderip Man. fig. 8); N H 11, Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Conch.,(1)3 : pl. 24, figs . 56, 57; 'N H 10 Santo (H ), Vate (F) L ampusia chlorostoma Lamarck Man. Conch., Drape (D rupa ) ricinus Linne Hirase and (1)3: pl. 7, fig. 47; NH 9, Vate (F) Taki (1951: pl. 110, fig . 11); NH 14, Cape L ampusia rubecula Linne Espiritu Santo (F), Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (H ), Vate (F) Vate (F) Drupa (D rupa) rubuscaesium Reding ( = Ranula ria (Gattem iem) muricinum Roding hystrix of authors) Hirase and Taki (1951: ( = nonulus Link , tuberose Lamarck ) Vate pl. 110, fig. 9); NH 14 (F) Drupa (M orula ) uva uva Reding ( = moras Family BURSIDAE Lamarck ) New Hebrides (H edley) Drupa (M orula) uoa asperus Lamarck Man. Bursa bufoni« Grnelin Man. Con ch., (1)3 : pl. 21, figs. 21, 23; NH 5 . Conch., (1)2: pl. 57, figs . 215, 216; NH 4 Bursa granularis Reding ( = alJinis Broderip) Drupella elata Blainville Kiener, Purp ura, Vate (F) pI. 10, fig . 27; N H 8, N H 9 Ranella (Ranella) tampas Linne Espiritu Maculotriton digitalis Reeve Man. Conch., Santo (F) (1)3: pl. 15, figs . 142, 143; Aneiteum (H edley) Family TONNIDAE M ancinella bippocastaneum Linne Demond Tonna (Tonna ) costatum Menke New Heb­ (1957: 313, fig. 22) ; N H 5, N H 7, N H 8, rides (F) NH 13, Vate (F), Immer (Bo ettg er) Tonna (T onna ) perdix perdix Linne Hirase M ancinella intermedia Kiener Man. Conch., and Taki (1951: pl. 98, fig . 7) ; N H 14, (1) 2: pl. 45, fig. 41; N H 11 Espiri tu Santo (F), Tangoa, Espiritu Santo M ancinella tuberose Reding ( = pica Blain­ (MCZ ), Erromanga (H edley) ville) M an. Conch., (1)2: pl. 46, fig. 46; NH 1, N H 4 Family Murex (Acupu rpurea ) ternispina Lamarck A spella (Favartia ) tetragona Broderip Man. Malekula (F) Con ch., (1)2 : pl. 36, fig. 424; NH 9 sertum Brugu iere ( = [rancolinus Bru­ Chicoreus (Chicoretts) brunneus Link ( =adustus guiere) Vate (F) Lamarck) Hirase and Taki (1951: pl. 109, Thais (Cymia) armigera Link Hirase and fig. 4); N H 8, NH 9, N H 12, NH 14 Taki (1951: pI. 110, fig. 2); N H 11 Marine Mollusca - SOLEM 263

Family MAGILIDAE NH 9, NH 12, NH 13, Vate (F), Immer Coralliobia (Quoyula) madreporarum Sowerby (Boettger ) Man. Conch .,(1)2: pi. 47, figs. 389-391; Family Vate (H edley) violacea Kiener ( = neritoidea of A lectrion (A lectrion) acuticosta Montrou zier auth ors) Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 111, J. Conch yi., 12: pi. 10, fig. 8; NH 7, fig. 8); NH 10 NH 9 A lectrion () lurida Gould U. S. Explor. Family COLUMBELLIDAE . Exped. Wilkes, Atlas, fig. 325; NH 7, (Columbella ) obtusa Sowerby Man. NH 9, NH 10 Conch., (1)5: pi. 59, figs. 65, 66; New Alectrion (A lectrion) monile Kien er Kiene r, Hebrides (H edley) , pi. 11, fig. 40; NH 7, NH 9, Columbella (Nitidella) testudinaria Link ( = NH 12, NH 13, NH 14, Vate (F) pardalina Lamarck) Martini and Chemnit z, A lectrion (Zeuxis) mucronata Adams Reeve, III (Ld): pi. 6, figs. 8, 9; ML 41, NH 4, Nassa, pi. 2, fig. 8; NH 14 NH 7, NH 14, Ngun a (F), and Alectrion (A lectrion) ornata Kiene r Kiener, Malekula (Hervier, 1899) Buccinum, pi. 21, fig. 83; New Hebrides The typical form was found at ML 41 and (Mabille) NH 14; a variety (with slightl y concave , Alectrion (Zeuxis) pictas Dunker Reeve, orange-brown markings , and complete epi­ Nassa, pi. I, fig. 9; New Hebrides (Mao dermis) which is near vulpeca Sowerby was bille) . found at NH 4 and NH 7. A lectrion (Zeuxis) siquijorensis H. Adams Columbella (Colmnbella) souverbiei Crosse Reeve, Nassa, pi. VIII, fig. 53; NH 10 J. Conch ylioi., 13: pi. 5, fig. 9; Vate (F), A lectrion (Zeuxis) taenia Gmelin Vate (F) Tanna (F) A rcuia ria (A rmlaria ) callospira Adams Columbella (Columbella) versicolor Sowerby Reeve, Nassa, pi. X, fig. 66; NH 12, New Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 107, fig. 1); Hebrides (Mabill e) NH 12, New Hebrides (Mabill e) A rcularia (Pliarcularia ) globosa Quoy and Hervier (1899: 311) described a var. he­ Gaimard Reeve, Nassa, pi. X, fig. 62; bridarum from Ambrym Island. NH 1, NH 10, NH 12 M itrella ligula Duclos New Hebri dse Arcularia (Arcularia ) graniftra Kiener Man. (Mabill e) Conch .,(1)4: pi. 8, figs. 39-41; New Heb­ Pyrene discors Gmelin (?) NH 10 rides (H edley) According to Pace (1902: 416) this is the Arcularia (Pliarcularia ) thersites Bruguiere most diffi cult group of Pacific Columbellidae. Reeve, Nassa, pi. X, fig. 65; NH 9 The identification is tentative. Hebra muricata Quoy and Gaimard Reeve, Nassa, pi. XI, fig. 73; NH 11, New Heb­ Family BUCCINIDAE rides (Mabill e) Cantbarus (Pollia) fumosus Dillwyn Demond Hebra subspinosa Lamarck Kiener, Buccinum, (1957: 318, fig. 27) ; NH 1, NH 9, NH 13 pi. 26, fig. 103; ML 28, NH 7, Vate (F) Cantharus (Pollia) undosus Linne Demond Hima (Caesia) concinna Powis Vate (F) (1957: 318, fig. 28); NH 9, NH 11, NH 13 Hima (Allanassa ) eximia H . Adams Adams lauta Reeve Vate (F) (1872: pi. 3, fig. 28); New Hebrides (type Engina lineata Reeve New Hebrides (Ma­ locality) bille) N assarius () arcularia Linne Reeve, Engina mendicaria Linne Hirase and Taki Nassa, pi. IV, fig. 25; NH 5, NH 7, NH 12, (1951: pi. 105, fig. 8); #5K, ML 41, NH 4, Espiritu Santo (F), Vate (F) 264 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Nassarius (Phrontis) crassa Koch Reeve, Oliva (Oliva ) rubrolabiata Fischer J. Con­ Nassa, pi. X, fig. 67; NH 7, NH 9, NH 12, chyl., 50: 409--411, pi. 8, figs. 12, 13; NH 13, New Hebrides (Mabille) Marmaram , Malekula (type locality) Niothia albescens Dunker Reeve, Nassa, pi. Oliva (Oliva) reticulata R6ding (=sanguino­ XV, fig. 100; NH 7, NH 12, Vate (F, var. lenta Lamarck) Espiritu Santo (F) bicolor Hombron and Jacquinot) Oliva (Galeola ) tessellata Lamarck Tangoa, Niothia gemmulata Lamarck (= variegata A. Espiritu Santo (MCZ ) Adams) Reeve, Nassa, pi. XII, fig. 83; Oliva (Oliva) tricolor Lamarck New Heb­ New Hebrides (Mabille) rides (Mabille) Niothia pauperata Lamarck Philippi, Abbild. Besch. neu. Conch., Buccinum, pi. 2, fig. 18; Family ML 28, Vate (F) Imbricaria conica Schumacher Reeve, , Family FASCIOLARIIDAE pl. XXVII, fig. 216; NH 12 Fasciolaria coronata Lamarck Espiritu Santo Imbricaria vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard (F) Hirase and Taki (1951: pi. 101, fig. 17) ; Fasciolaria filamentosa Reding Hirase and NH 14 Taki (1951: pi. 99, fig. 12); Tangoa, Espi­ Mitra (M itra) cardinalis Gmelin Reeve, ritu Santo (MCZ ) Mitra, pi. IV, fig. 26; NH 14 Latirus polygonus Gmelin Hirase and Taki Mitra (M itra ) mitra Linne (=episcopalis (1951: pi. 100, fig. 1); NH 9, NH 13, Linne) Espiritu Santo (F) Vate (F) Mitra (Mitra) papalis Linne Espiritu Santo Leucozonia (Mazzalina ) smaragdula Linne (F) Man. Conch., (1)3 : pi. 70, fig. 185; NH Mitra (M itra ) stictica Link ( = pontificalis La­ 12, NH 13, NH 14, Vare (F) marck ) Man . Conch., (1)4 : pl. 32, fig. 3; Peristernia nassatula Linne Hirase and Taki Erromanga (H edley) (1951: pi. 100, fig. 5); NH 9, NH 11, NH Pterygia dactylus Linne Hirase and Taki 12, NH 5 contained a form with elongate (1951: pl. 101, fig. 16); NH 4 spire Pterygia fenestratus Lamarck Sowerby, Thes . Family OLIVIDAE Conch ., IV, Mitra, fig. 363; New Hebrides Oliva (Galeola) carneola Gmelin Tangoa, (Mabill e) . Espiritu Santo (MCZ) Pusia muriculatus Lamarck New Hebrides Oliva (Oliva ) amethystina Reding (=grlttata (Mabill e) Lamarck) Man. Conch., (1)5 : pi. 19, figs. Scabricula (Chrysame) adusta Lamarck Hirase 64-74; Tangoa, Espiritu Santo (MCZ ), and Taki (1951: pi. 101, fig. 3) ; NH 1 New Hebrides (H edley) Scabricula (Chrysame) aurantia Gmelin New Oliva (Oliva ) irisans Lamarck Espiritu Santo Hebrides (Mabill e) (F) Scabricula (Chrysame) chrysalis Reeve Hirase Oliva (Oliva ) ispidu/a Linne Tangoa, Espiritu and Taki (1951: pi. 101, fig. 2); NH 4, Santo (MCZ ) NH 9, NH 13 Oliva (Oliva ) maura Lamarck Espiritu Santo Scabricula (Chrysame) Adams ( = (F) coronata Lamarck, non Helbing ) Reeve, Oliva (Oliva ) miniacea R6ding (= erythro­ Mitra, pi. XIV, fig. 104; NH 10, Vate (F) stoma Meuschen) Espiritu Santo (F), Scabricula (Chrysame) peregra Reeve Surendo, Erromanga (H edley) Espiritu Santo (F) Oliva (Oliva) mustelin« Lamarck NH 10 Strigatel/a ( Strigatel/a) decurtata Reeve Tan­ (juvenile) goa, Espiritu Santo (MCZ ) Marine Mollusca- SOLEM 265

Strigatella ( ) litterata Lamarck H i­ Philbertia pulcherrima H . Adams Adams rase and Taki (1951: pl. 101, fig. 9); NH 8 (1'872: pI. 3, fig. 26); New Hebrides (type Strigatella ( St riga tella) p aup ercula Linne locality ) Reeve, Mitra, pl. XII, fig. 84; N H 9 Turris (Turris) picturata Weinkauff Martini Strigatella (Strigatella) retusa Lamarck Man. and Chemnit z, IV (3): pl. 2, fig. 10; N H 13 Conch., (1)4 : pl. 46, fig. 343; N H 8, Vate (F) Family CON IDAE Strigatella ( Strigatella) virgata Lamarck Man. Conch., (1)4 : pI. 46, fig. 341; N H 4,N H 8, achatinus Gmelin Immer (Bo ettg er) N H 11 Conus archiepiscopus Bruguiere Kiener, Conus, V exillum (Costellaria ) cadaverosum Reeve pl. 96, figs . 1, 1a; NH 14, Malekula Reeve, Mitra, pl. XXI, fig. 160; NH 12 (CN H M) V exillum ( Vexillum) gruneri Reeve New Conus arenatus Bruguiere Ki ener, Conus, pl. Hebrides (F) 10, fig. 1; NH 12, Espiritu Santo (F) Vexillum (Vexillum) plicarium Linne Reeve, Conus auratus Lamarck Man. Con ch., (1)($ : Mitra,pI.VIII,fig. 56; NH 4, NewHebrides pl. 31, fig. 30; Erromanga (H edley) (F) Conus catus Brugu iere Kiener, Conus, pl. 43, figs . I b, 1c (poor) ; ML 41, NH 14, Vare Family VASIDAE (F) ( Vasum) ceramicum Linne Vate (F) Conusceylonensis var. ML 41 (worn) V asum (V asum ) turbinellum Linne Hirase Conus ceylonensis nanus Broderip Vate (F) and Taki (1951: pI. 99, fig. 9) ; N H 14, Conus chaldeus Reding ( = vermiculatus La- Espiritu Santo (F) marck) Sowerby, Thes. Conch., III: pl. 189, fig. 53; ML 41, N H 9 Family HARPIDAE Conuscoronatus Gmelin ( = miliaris Bruguiere) Harpa amouretta R6ding (= minor Lamarck) Sowerby , Thes. Conch., III: pl. 194, fig. Hirase and Taki (1951: pI. 112, fig. 13); 278; ML 41, NH 4, N H 12, N H 14 N H 14, Espiritu Santo (F) Conus ebraeus Linne Hirase and Taki (1951: Harpa ventricosa Lamarck Maleku la (F) pI. 113, fig. 12); ML 41, N H 4, N H 5, N H 9, N H 12, Vate (F) , Aore (MCZ), Family CYTHARIDAE Immer (Bo ett g er) , Erromanga (H edley) Daphnella pupoidea H. Adams Adams (1872: Conus eburneus Bruguiere Hirase and Taki pl. 3, fig. 27) ;New Hebrides (type locality) (1951: pI. 113, fig. 15); NH 4, NH 12 Conusfigulinus Linne Vate (F), Espiritu Santo Family TURRIDAE (F) Ancistrosyrinx ( = Kenyonia) pulcherrima Bra­ Conus flavidus Lamarck Kiener, Conus, pl. 26, zier Brazier (1896: 346); New Hebrides fig. 4; NH 4, NH 14 (type locality) Conus geographus Linne M an. Conch., (1)6: Clavus (Tylotia) unizonalis Lamarck ( = vidua pl. 28, fig. 84; Erromanga (Hedley) Reeve) M artini and Chemn it z, IV (3) : pl. Conus generalis Linne Kira (1955: pl. 36, fig. 13, fig. 1; NH 4, New Hebrides (Mabille) 21); Cape Lisburn, Espiritu Santo (H), Drilliti auriculifera Lamarck Vate (F) Espiritu Santo (F) Philbertia philippinensisReeve Reeve, Pleuro­ Conus litteratus Linne Hirase and Taki (1951: toma, pI. XIII, figs. 109a, b; N H 1 pl. 113, fig. 16); N H 4, Cape Lisburn, Pbilbertia picta rubroguttata H . Adams Adams Espiritu Santo (H), Espiritu Santo (F), (1872 : pl. 3, fig. 25); New Hebrides (type Erromanga (H edley) locality) Conus lividus Brugu iere Kira (1955: pI. 37, 266 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

fig. 2); M L 41, N H 5, Espiritu Santo (F), Terebra subfllata Lamarck (F) Vate (F) DISCUSSION Conus magus decurtatus Dautzenberg ( = adan­ soni Sowerby, non Lamarck) Sowerby, The 409 species and varieties named above Thes . Conch ., III: pI. 199, figs. 286-289; are not presumed to form a complete list of NH 4, NH 9, NH 12, NH 14 the fauna. The Hadfield collection of shells Conus magus striolatus Kiener Kiener, Co nus, from Lifu in the Loyalty group contained 860 pI. 105, fig. 1; NH 13 species, and subsequent research has added Conus marmoreus Linne Kira (1955: pl. 36, many more to that number. There are eight fig. 6): NH 4, NH 12, NH 14, Espiritu turrids known from the New Hebrides and Santo (F), Vate (F) 196 from . The 22 Mitridae Conus miles Linne Vare (F) listed here are only a fraction of the 151 re­ Conus omaria Bruguiere Espiritu Santo (F) ported from New Caledon ia, and similar com­ Conuspulicarius Bruguiere Kira (1955: pl. 36, parisons can be made for nearly every family. fig. 15); NH 4, NH 12, Cape Lisburn , Since I have prepared a similar checklist of Espiritu Santo (H ), New Hebrides (F) the Solomon Islands marine shells (Solem, Conus rattusBruguiere Kiener, Conus, pl. 44, 1953, 1958), a tabular comparison of the fig. 3; ML 41, NH 8, NH 14 known faunas might be instructive. From Conus senator Linne Vate (F) Table 1 it can be seen that only a little more Conus striatus Linne Kiener, Conus, pI. 47, than one half of the New Hebridean species figs. 1, 1a; NH 4, Erromanga (H edley) have been reported from the Solomons , and Conus tessellatus Born Man.Conch., (1)6: that more than one half of the Solomon pI. 2, figs. 26, 27; New Hebrides (H edley) Islands species are not yet known from the Conus textile Linne Aneiteum (Bennett, 1860) New Hebrides. This is the result of inade­ Conus tulipa Linne Kira (1955: pl. 37, fig. quate collecting in both areas and does not 19); Segond Channel, Espiritu Santo indicate any great faunal difference between (MCZ) , Espiritu Santo (CN H M) , Erro­ the two areas. It is quite possible that many manga (H edley) Indonesian species reach the Solomons and Conus vautieri Kiener Espiritu Santo (F) not the New Hebrides, but almost all of the species listed in these papers are distributed Family TEREBRI DAE extensively throughout most of the Indo­ Terebra chlorata Lamarck Hirase and Taki Pacificregion . Their presence in the Solomons (1951: pl. 116, fig. 8); NH 13 and New Hebrides is to be expected, but the Terebra cingulifera Lamarck Nguna (F) scanty literature dealing with the marine Terebra dimidiata Linne Nguna (F), Vate (F), Erromanga (H edley), Aneiteum (H edley) TABLE 1 Terebra felina Dillwyn (= tigrina Gmelin ) COMPARISON OF KNOWN MARI NE MOLLUSKS OF SOLOMON ISLANDS AND N EW H EBRIDES ISLANDS Man. Conch., (1)7: pI. 1, fig. 11; New Hebrides (Hedley) SPECIES Terebra maculata Linne Kira (1955: pl. 38, fig. 21); NH 15, Nguna (F) GROUPCom m on In N ew In Terebra striata Quoy and Gaimard (=affinis to Hebrides Solomons both only o nly Gray) Man. Conch ., (1)7: pl. 2, figs. 18, 22; New Hebrides (H edley) Bival ves . . . . ; .. 36 61 65 Terebra strigilata Linne Man. Conch., (1)7: Prosobranchs . . . 183 121 245 Others ...... 4 4 4 pI. 10, figs. 84, 85; Cape Lisburn , Espiritu - - - - Santo (H) T otals ...... 223 186 320 Marine Mollusca - SOLEM 267 mollusks of Melanesia makes worthwhile the D EMO;:..:/D, JOAN. 1957. Micronesian reef­ recording of distributional data for even com­ associated gastropods. Pacific Sci. 11(3) : mon species . Of the 160 species collec ted by 275- 341, 42 figs., pis. 1--4. Kuntz, 89 (55.6 per cent) were previously D ODGE, HENRY. 1946. Notes on the Strombus unrep orted from the N ew H ebrides. It is den ratus Linne and the Strombus urceus pro bable that addi tional collectio ns will con ­ complex. Amer. M us. N ovit. 1314. 8 pp ., tain a similar proportion of previously un­ 8 figs. recorded species and that the total number of - - - 1956. A historical review of the mo l­ marine moll usks will be well over 2,000 lusks of Linnaeus. Part 4. The genera Buc­ species. cinum and Strombus ofthe Class Gastropoda. Bull. Amer. Mus. N at. Hist. 111(3): 153-312. REFERENCES D OHRN, H . 1864. Beschreibung neuer Arten. Malak . Bl. 11: 56-58. ABRARD, R ENE . 1946. Fossiles neogenes et FISCHER, H . 1902.D escription d' un Oliva no u­ quaternaires des Nouvelles-H ebrides. Ann. veau provenant des N ouvelles-Hebrides. Paleont. 32: 1-113, 5 pis . J. Concbyliol. 50: 409- 411, pl. 8, figs. 12, 13. ADAMS, HENRY. 1872. D escriptions of four­ FISCHER, P.H ., and E. FISCHER-PIETTE. teen new species of land and marine shells. 1938. Mollusques lamellibranches recueillis Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 : 12-15, pI. III. aux Nouvelles-Hebrides par M. E. Aubert BENNETT, GEORGE. 1860. Gatherings of a de la Rue. Bull. M us. Hist, N at., Paris (2nd Naturalist in A ustralasia. 456 pp. van ser.) 10(4): 406--409. Voorst, London. - -- and - - - 1939. Gasteropodes ma­ BOETTGER, CAESAR R. 1916. Molluskenaus­ rins recueillis aux Nouvelles-Hebrides par beute der Hanseatischen Siidsee-Expedition M. E. Aubert de la Rue. Bull. Mus. Hist. 1909. Abhandl. Senceenb . Naturf Ges. 36(3): Nat., Paris (2nd ser.) 11(2) : 263-266. 287-308, pls. 21-23. H EDLEY, CHARLES. 1899. M ollusca of Funa­ BRAZIER, JOHN. 1894. Distribution of little­ futi. Mem . Aust. Mus. 3(7-9) : 397-565, known Mollusca from and Aus­ 80 figs. tralia, with their synonyms. Proc. Linn. Soc. H ERVIE R, R. P. J. 1899. Le genre Columbella N. S. W. 18: 430--435. dans l'Archipel de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. - -- 1896. A new genus and three new J. Conchyliol. 47: 305- 391, pis. 13, 14. species of Mollusca from New South HIRASE, SHINTARO, and ISAO TAKI. 1951. A Wales, N ew Hebrides, and Western Aus­ Handbook of Illustrated Shells in N atural tralia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W . 21: 345- 347. Colors. 2nd ed. 134 pls, Bunkyokaku, BRENCHLEY, J ULI US L. 1873. Jottings During Tokyo. the Cruise ofHMS Curacoa Among the South INGRAM, W. M ., and K . K ENYON. 1945. Seas in 1865. Longman's, Green and Co., Cypraeidae from Espiritu Santo Island, Lon don . 487 pp., SO pls., 1 map. N ew Hebrides. Nautilus 58(4): 143-144. D ALL, WILLIAM H EALEY, PAUL BARTSCH, and KIRA, TETSUAKI. 1955. Coloured Illustrations HARALD REHDER. 1938. A Manual of the of the Shells of J apan. 204 pp., 67 pis. Recent and Fossil Marine Pelecypod M ollusks Huikusha, Osaka. of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Bishop Mus. K URODA, TOKUBEI, and TADASHIGE HABE . 153. 233 pp ., 58 pis . 1952. Check List and Bibliography ofthe Re­ D AUTZENBERG, PHILLIP. 1900. D escription cent Marine Mollusca of J apan. 210 pp. d'une espece nou velle du genre Cyrene, Stach, Tokyo. pro venant des N ouvelles-Hebrides. J. M ABILLE, M . J ULES. 1895. M ollusques des Conchyliol. 48: 105- 108, pI. 5. N ou velles-H ebrides recueillis par M . Ie 268 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, July 1959

Docteur Francois. Bull. Soc. Hist. N at. family Trapeziidae. Proc. M alac. Soc. Lond. Autun 8: 393- 411. 31(2): 64-84, pls. 5-7, 4 figs. OWEN, RICHARD. 1832. Memoir on the - -- 1958. Marine mollusks from Bou­ Pearly Nautilus. l ondon. (Not seen.) gainvilie and Florida Islands, Solomon PACE, S. 1902. Critical notes on Her vier's Islands. Fieldiana, Zool. 39(20): 213-226. monograph of the Columbellidae of New --- 1959. Systematics and zoogeography Caledonia, with C. hervieri, nom. nov. j. of the New Hebridean land and fresh-water Conchyliol. 50: 412- 422. Mollusca. Fieldiana, Zool. (in press). THIELE, Johannes . 1929-1935. Handbuch der Quay, M. , and P. GAIMARD. 1832-1 835. systematische Weichtierkunde. 1154 pp., 893 Voyage de decovertes de I'Astrolabe execute par figs. Gustav Fischer, Jena. ordre du Roi Pendant les annes 1826-1829 VON MARTENS, EDUARD .:1872a. Conchylien sous Ie commandement de M . j. .Dumont von Cook's Reisen. Malak . Bl. 19: 1- 48. d'Uruille. Zoologie. Tomes 2, 3. --- 1872b. Conch ylien von Bougainville's SCHILDER, F. A., and M . SCHILDER. 1952. Reisen. M alak . Bl. 19: 49- 65. Phillip Dautzenberg's Collection of Cypraeidae. WILLEY, ARTHUR. 1902. Contribution tothe Mem, Insr, Sci. Nat. Belg. (2nd ser.) 45. natural history of the pearly Nautilus. IN 243 pp ., 4 pls. Zoological Results Based on Material f rom New SOLEM, ALAN. 1953. Marine and fresh-water Britain, New Guinea, L oyalty Islands, and mollusks ofthe Solomon Islands. Fieldiana, Elsewhere, Collected During the Y ears 1895, Zool. 34(22): 213- 227. 1896, and 1897. Part VI: 691-826, pls. 75­ - -- 1954. living species of the pelecypod 83, 15 figs.