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4HEPRESTIGIOUSRIGHTTOHOSTTHE SOMEWHOHADTHEIRDOUBTSABOUTTHE OFlCIALTIMINGDUTIESv)NTHETELEGRAM  3UMMER /LYMPIC 'AMES WAS WISDOMOFTRYINGTOTAKEONTHISMAM 3HOJI (ATTORI INSTRUCTED -R )NOUE TO AWARDEDBYTHE)/#TO4OKYO MAKING MOTH TIMING TASK /NE OF THEM WAS h'OTO2OME/LYMPICSIN!UGUSTAND THESETHElRSTEVERGAMESTOBEHELD 3ABUROU )NOUE WHO WAS THE7ATCH OBSERVETIMINGPROCEDURESv IN!SIA4HE 0RESIDENT OF 3EIKO 3HOJI $ESIGN 3ECTION -ANAGER OF $AINI -R)NOUERECALLS h!ROUNDTHETIME (ATTORI SAW THE SCALE OF THE OPPOR 3EIKOSHA(ESAID h)WASIN:URICHON THE/LYMPIC'AMESWEREDUETOSTART TUNITYANDSOSETTHECOMPANYONTHE BUSINESSINTHESPRINGOFAND)GOT -R 9OKOYAMA 3EIKOSHA 0RODUCTION PATHTHATWOULDESTABLISHIT INTHEEYES ATELEGRAMFROMTHECOMPANY)TREAD %NGINEERING 3ECTION -ANAGER AT THE OFTHEWORLD ASTHELEADINGTECHNOLOGY @/FlCIAL WORD 4OKYO WILL HOST NEXT TIME CAMETO:URICH SO)TOLDHIM) COMPANYINTHEWORLDWATCHINDUSTRY /LYMPIC'AMESv HADTOGOTO!MERICAANDTHENDIRECTLY 7HEN 3EIKO WAS AWARDED THE TO*APANFROMTHERE ANDASKEDHIMTO CONTRACT TO BECOME /FlCIAL 4IMER 3IXHISTORICWORDS GOTO2OMEFORMEANDOBSERVE(E OF THE  /LYMPIC 'AMES IT WAS )T ADDED SIX WORDS THAT WERE TO GAVE HIS READY ASSENT SO ) RETURNED GIVENARELATIVELYSHORTTIMETOMAKE DETERMINE THE COMPANYS HISTORYFOR TO*APANWITHOUTGOINGTO2OMEATALL ALL THE PREPARATIONS BUT DESPITE THIS THE NEXT  YEARSh)NTEND TO HANDLE !S SOON AS ) GOT BACK 3HOJI (ATTORI IT INTRODUCED NEW TIMING TECHNIQUES AND ACHIEVED mAWLESS TIMINGOF THEIR lRST/LYMPIC'AMES5NTIL3EIKOWAS AWARDEDTHECONTRACT %UROPEANCOM PANIES HAD BEEN OFlCIAL TIMEKEEPERS FORALLTHE'AMESSINCETHE,OS!NGELES /LYMPIC 'AMES IN  SO IT WAS A GREATHONOURFOR3EIKOTOBEAWARDED THISPRESTIGIOUSRESPONSIBILITY -ANY OF THE SPORTS TIMEKEEPING SYSTEMS BEING USED AT THAT TIME HAD BEEN DEVELOPED IN 3WITZERLAND AND THEY HAD EARNEDTHE ABSOLUTE TRUST OF THE SPORTS WORLD -ANY ASSUMED THEYWOULDALSO BE TIMINGTHE4OKYO 4HEOPENINGCEREMONYOFTHE/LYMPIC'AMESIN4OKYOMARKEDTHESTARTING POINTOFANIMPORTANT LONG TERMRELATIONSHIPBETWEEN3EIKOANDTHESPORTINGWORLD 'AMES%VENWITHIN3EIKOTHEREWERE

!*/52.%9).4)-%  SAYTOUS @!NDYOUCALLTHISAWATCH  ) HAD JUST COME BACK FROM FACING THAT SOWHENSOMEONESUDDENLYTOLD ME @7ELL HANDLE THE NEXT /LYMPIC 'AMES ) REALISED THERE COULD BE A DELUGE OF COMPLAINTS MAYBE ENOUGH TOENGULFTHE/LYMPICSTHEMSELVES)F THAT HAPPENED )D HAVE TO LEAVE THE COMPANY.OTONLYTHAT THECOMPANY ITSELFMIGHTFOLD%VENWORSETHANTHE COMPANY FOLDING ) THOUGHT THAT THE NATION WOULD BE WRITTEN OFF BY THE WHOLE WORLD SAYING@*APAN JUST CANT GET IT RIGHTv! GREAT DEAL OFWORK WAS NEEDED TO IMPROVE QUALITYAND RELIABILITY AND DEVELOP TIMEKEEPING EQUIPMENTINTIMEFORTHE'AMES -R)NOUEADDED h)NTHISSITUATION 3PORTSTIMEKEEPINGWASREVOLUTIONISEDBY3EIKOWHENITTIMEDTHE3UMMER )COULDNTSEEHOWINFOURSHORTYEARS /LYMPIC'AMESIN4OKYO5NTILTHENTIMEKEEPINGHADBEENCARRIEDOUTMANUALLY 3EIKO COULD GENERATE THE CONlDENCE -ANYTIMEKEEPERSWEREPLACEDATTHEFINISHINGLINEWITHTHEIRSTOPWATCHES ITWOULDNEEDTOHANDLETHE/LYMPIC nPROVIDINGASIGHTTHAT3EIKOWASTOBANISHFOREVER 'AMESv !LTHOUGH3EIKOTHENHADSOMUCH PRESIDENTOF+(ATTORI#O,TD CAME IN TO THE DETERMINATION OF 0RESIDENT INmUENCEINTHEDOMESTICMARKETTHAT TO$AINI3EIKOSHAANDASKEDME @7ELL 3HOJI WHOWASVISITINGHIMEVERYWEEK THEN AREYOUREADYTOTAKETHISON  AND HE AGREED TO LAUNCHTHE TIMING h)THOUGHT @/H THISISABOUTOFlCIAL EFFORT ON ONE CONDITIONh) TOLD HIM TIMING SO ) SAID @)M SORRY WE JUST SINCE)DNEVERSEENTIMINGDEVICESFOR CANTDOIT(ERETORTED @ANDWHYNOT THE /LYMPICS AND DIDNT KNOW HOW 9OUHAVEFOURYEARS"UTYOUHAVETO THEYUSEDTHEIRSTOPWATCHES ORWHAT REALISE THAT FOUR YEARS ISNT NEARLYAS TYPESTHEYWOULDNEED )WOULDHAVE LONGASITSOUNDS7ECOULDNTDOCOM @7ELLHANDLETHENEXT PUTERSIMULATIONS SOWEHADTOWORK OUTEVERYSINGLETHINGBYTRIALANDERROR /LYMPIC'AMES 3O)TOLDHIM @)TSIMPLYCANTBEDONE TOMEETWITHTHETOPOFlCIALSFORTRACK h0RESIDENT3HOJIGOTANGRYANDSAID AND SWIMMING EVENTS(E SAID @) CAN @OURTIMEPIECESARENOWGOODENOUGH CERTAINLY ARRANGE THAT FOR YOU4HAT FOR THE WHOLE WORLD TO KNOW ABOUT SEALEDMYFATEv THEM7HATDOYOUMEAN @)TCANTBE /NEOFTHEINITIALREASONSFOR-R DONE (EFOLLOWEDTHATREMARKWITH )NOUESRELUCTANCE STEMMED FROM HIS @)LLBEBACKINAWEEK9OUDBETTERBE VISITTO!MERICAAFTERHIS:URICHTRIPh) READYBYTHENnANDHELEFTv WENT TO!MERICA BECAUSE WE HAD TO (EREALLYDIDRETURNINAWEEKAND HANDLE A HUGE NUMBER OF COMPLAINTS 3ABUROU)NOUEWASTOLDBYTHE HEPRESSED-R)NOUEHARD ASKINGh!RE ABOUTTHElRSTWATCHESWEEXPORTED 0RESIDENTTOMAKETHEEQUIPMENTTO YOUREADYNOW v-R)NOUElNALLYGAVE TOTHE537EEVENHADAWATCHSTORE TIMETHE'AMESnFROMSCRATCH

 #(!04%2 WEREOFTENDISCREPANCIESBETWEENTHE BALANCE A BIG @KICK WHEN STARTING RECORDEDTIMESANDSOANAVERAGEWAS THE STOPWATCHv4HE SAME HAPPENED USED$AINI 3EIKOSHA TECHNICIANS SET WHETHERTHEYUSED3WISSOR*APANESE OUT TO DISCOVER WHETHER THE DISCREP STOPWATCHES ANCIESWERETHERESULTOFDIFFERENTSKILL h4HESHOCKINGRESULTOFOUR+OMAKI LEVELS OR REACTION TIMES AMONGTHE MACHINEEXPERIMENTSWASTHATATIME TIMINGPERSONNEL DIFFERENCE WAS ALWAYS RECORDED EVEN -R)SHIWARAEXPLAINED h0ARTLYFOR WHEN OPERATION OF THE BUTTON WAS ENDURANCE TESTS WEHAD 3HOICHIRO CONTROLLED MECHANICALLY TO ENSURE +OMAKI AND 9OSHIO 9AMAMOTO THAT ALL WATCHES WERE OPERATED CONSTRUCT A MACHINE THAT USED AN SIMULTANEOUSLY 3PORTS ORGANISATIONS ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT TO ENSURE ACCU WEREAWARETHATTHEREWASAPROBLEM RATE SIMULTANEOUS STARTS OF MULTIPLE BUT THEY THOUGHT IT WAS CONNECTED STOPWATCHES -R +OMAKI WAS ALWAYS WITH THE SKILL OF THE OPERATOR4HEY AHEAD OF THE TIMES AND WAS ALREADY WERETRAININGPEOPLEHOWTOOPERATE DEEPLY INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING DIGITAL STOPWATCHES AND LICENSING THEM BUT TECHNOLOGY 7HEN WE TRIED OUT THIS WE FOUND THE DISCREPANCIES WERE 4ATSUYA)SHIWARAIMPROVEDTHE MACHINE USING A ROW OF lVE STOP NOTHINGTODOWITHOPERATORSKILLSTHEY ACCURACYOFSTOPWATCHESFOR WATCHES WE FOUND THEY WOULDNT WERECAUSEDBYTHEPOSITIONOFTHEBAL SPORTSTIMING REGISTER THE SAME TIME7E THOUGHT ANCEWHENTHEBUTTONWASCLICKED)D ANYTHINGTHECOMPANYPRODUCEDWOULD THISTHROUGHANDDECIDEDITWASPROB HATE TO TELL AN ATHLETE THAT BECAUSE BEBOUGHTASAMATTEROFCOURSE THE ABLYSOMETHINGTODOWITHGIVINGTHE THEYSTAKETHEIRPROFESSIONALLIVESON 3WISS WERE STILL SUPERIOR IN THE STOP WATCHMARKET3EIKOHADTOAPPROACH THE /LYMPIC AUTHORITIES TO ASK THEM WHATTHEYWANTED4HEYBUILTENTIRELY NEW TIMING SYSTEMS FROM SCRATCH AN IMMENSE UNDERTAKINGTHAT HAS NEVER BEENREPEATEDIN/LYMPICHISTORY 7HILE -R )NOUE WAS HAVING PRO FOUND MISGIVINGS A QUIET START WAS MADE ON SOMERESEARCH THAT WAS TO REVOLUTIONISE SPORTS TIMING !NEW STOPWATCH WAS BEING DEVELOPED THAT WOULDREDUCE THE TIMING ERRORS INHERENTINTHEEXISTINGGENERATION!T THE TIME A MARGIN OF ERROR WAS EXPECTED WHEN STOPWATCHES WERE USED FOR MANUAL TIMING AND THIS WAS ASSUMEDTOBEATTRIBUTABLETOHUMAN ERROR &ORMANYYEARS TRACKEVENTSWERE TIMEDBYATLEASTOFlCIALSWHOWERE POSITIONEDVERTICALLYABOVEONEANOTHER 4HESEPRESSURE SENSITIVESTARTINGBLOCKS INTRODUCEDIN GAVEOFFICIALSNEWDATA ATTHElNISHINGLINE.EVERTHELESS THERE TODETECTFALSESTARTS

!*/52.%9).4)-%  DIFFERENCESASSMALLASONETENTHOFA h4HE DAY BEFORE THE #OMMITTEE SECONDv MEETING THE 0RESIDENT OF THE *APAN !SSOCIATION OF !THLETICS&EDERATIONS 0ROBLEMSOLVED TESTEDTHESTOPWATCHES)HADBROUGHT ! HEART SHAPED CAM WAS lTTED TO WITHME vHEEXPLAINEDLATER *USTONE THE BALANCE STAFF SO THAT THE BALANCE OFTHEMODELWATCHESSEEMEDTO WHEELALWAYSSTOPPEDINTHEOPTIMUM HAVE A PROBLEM n THE SECONDS HAND POSITIONTOENSURETHATITWOULDSTART WASNOTABLETOSYNCHRONISEWITHTHE WITHANINSTANTANDCONSISTENTIMPULSE OTHER HAND4HE *!!& 0RESIDENT WAS -R)SHIWARAEXPLAINED h7ECREATEDA SHARPWITHME SAYING@)FTHISHAPPENS MODELTHATSTARTEDTHEBALANCEWHEEL ATTOMORROWS#OMMITTEEMEETINGIT SMOOTHLYWHENTHEBUTTONWASPUSHED WILLALLBEOVERINANINSTANT 3O)WON ANDTHISCUREDTHEPROBLEMv4HEENGI DEREDWHATTODO4HEREWASNTENOUGH NEERSAT$AINI3EIKOSHAWERETHElRST TIME TO lX IT AND TESTING THE REST EVERTOAPPLYTHISTECHNIQUETORESET OF THEM COULD POSSIBLY CAUSE MORE THEBALANCETOTHESAMEPOSITIONEVERY DEFECTS SO ) ELIMINATED THE DEFECTIVE TIMETHEHANDSWERERE SET WATCH 4HEN ) LISTENED TO THE TICKING 4HE IDEA WAS VERY SIMPLE BUT -ASATOSHI4OHYAMAPRESENTED OF THEMODEL  WATCHES AND ELIMI BECAUSE THE PARTS WERE SO TINY IT 3EIKOSCASETOTHE)NTERNATIONAL NATEDTHEQUIETEST)TOOKTHOSETHAT /LYMPIC#OMMITTEE PROVED VERY DIFlCULT TO MANUFACTURE REMAINEDTOTHEMEETINGTHENEXTDAYv THEM!DEVICE WAS ADDED TO ENSURE TRACK EVENTS4HEY MET IN "ELGRADE 4HE STOPWATCHES WERE TESTED THAT WHEN THE SECOND HAND STOPPED IN 3EPTEMBER  TO CONSIDER BY TWO #OMMITTEE MEMBERS -R BETWEEN MARKS THE TIME IN QUESTION THE TIMING OF THE  'AMES -R 0AIN THE (ONORARY 3ECRETARY OF THE WOULDALWAYSBEROUNDEDAUTOMATICALLY -ASATOSHI4OHYAMA 2ESEARCH3ECTION SOTHATTHEHANDWOULDSTOPDIRECTLY -ANAGER AT THE TIME WAS GIVEN THE OVERAMARK &INALLY THEDEVELOPMENT TASKOFTAKINGTHENEWSTOPWATCHESTO TEAMPRODUCEDASTOPWATCHTHATWOULD THE#OMMITTEEFOREVALUATION(ETOOK   PROVIDETHESAMERESULTSWHENUSEDBY SIX  SECONDMODELS ANDSIX  ANYSUFlCIENTLYSKILLEDTIMINGOFlCIAL SECONDMODELS /NTHEJOURNEY 4HEREWASAVERYGOODREASONFOR THE PLANE MADE A REFUELLING STOP IN 3EIKOTODEVOTESOMUCHEFFORTTOTHE :AGREB BEFORE IT REACHED "ELGRADE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS NEW STOPWATCH 7HEN PASSENGERS HAD TO LEAVE THE 4HE/LYMPIC'AMESEMBRACEAWIDE PLANEDURINGTHEREFUELLING -R4OHYAMA VARIETY OF SPORTS THAT REQUIRE A TRE WASTOLDHECOULDLEAVEHISBAGSONHIS MENDOUS RANGE OF SPECIALISED TIMING SEAT7HENHERETURNEDTOTHEAIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT BUT ACCURATE TIMING WAS HE WASHORRIlED TO lND HIS SUITCASE MOSTCRITICALFORTRACKANDSWIMMING WAS NO LONGER ON HIS SEAT )F IT HAD EVENTS3EIKORECOGNISEDTHATTHEMOST BEENLOSTORSTOLEN 3EIKOSCHANCEOF IMPORTANTCHALLENGEWASTOENSURETHAT ALIFETIMEWOULDHAVEBEENLOSTFOREVER ITS NEW STOPWATCH WAS ADOPTED FOR &ORTUNATELY THESUITCASECONTAININGHIS 3EIKOHASDEVELOPEDSPECIAL THESEhBLUERIBANDvEVENTS AND MOST PRECIOUS CARGO OF WATCHES HAD BEEN TIMEPIECESFORMANYDIFFERENTSPORTS 4HISEXAMPLEMEASURESTHENUMBER OFALL FORATHLETICS PUTONTHETARMAC#HASTENEDBYTHIS OFSTROKESPERMINUTEINROWING !N/LYMPIC4ECHNICAL#OMMITTEE TRAUMATICINCIDENT -R4OHYAMAARRIVED COMPETITIONS)THELPSROWERSADJUST WASRESPONSIBLEFORDETERMININGWHICH IN "ELGRADE WITHOUT FURTHER INCIDENT THEIRSTROKERATE BUTISNOTUSEDFOR EQUIPMENT WOULD BE USED TO TIME BUTMOREPROBLEMSWERETOFOLLOW OFFICIALTIMING

 #(!04%2 )NTERNATIONAL!SSOCIATION OF!THLETICS &EDERATIONS )!!& AND -R 0AULEN 0RESIDENTOFTHE)!!& -R0AULENWAS PARTICULARLY CONlDENT ABOUT HIS STOP WATCHTIMINGSKILLS(EALWAYSCARRIED ASTOPWATCHAROUNDANDWASREPUTED TO lLE A COMPLAINT WHENEVER AN OFl CIALTIMEDIFFEREDFROMHISOWNTIMING RESULTS -R 4OHYAMA WONDERED HOW -R 0AULEN INTENDED TO TEST 3EIKOS STOPWATCHES (E SAID h(E TOOK A STOPWATCH IN EACH HAND CLICKED BOTHSIMULTANEOUSLYANDTHEN AFTERA SPECIlEDTIMEHADPASSED CLICKEDTHEM BOTHAGAINANDCHECKEDTHEDIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM (E PERFORMED THIS TESTTHREETIMESnFORSEVERALSECONDS SEVERAL MINUTES AND FOR NEARLY ONE HOUR4HE lRST TEST FOR SECONDS WAS RIGHT ON TARGET4HE TEST FOR SEVERAL 4HE3EIKOhSLIT VIDEOvPHOTO FINISHCAMERAPROVIDESTHEIMAGEFROMWHICHOFFICIALS  MINUTES WAS lNE TOO7HEN -R DECIDEBOTHTHERESULTANDTHETIME TOANACCURACYOF  OFASECOND 0AULEN STOPPED THE WATCHES AFTER A TESTOFNEARLYANHOURTHEDIFFERENCE LIMINARY DECISION IN FAVOUR OF 3EIKO STOPWATCH THISWASONLYTHEBEGINNING WASLESSTHANSECONDS STOPWATCHESv3UBSEQUENTLY THE NEW OFTHEMAMMOTHTASKOFDEVELOPINGA h4HAT EVEN SURPRISED -R 0AULEN STOPWATCHES WERE SUBMITTED TO THE FULLCOMPLEMENTOFTIMINGEQUIPMENT ANDHEASKEDME @7HATKINDOFTECH .ATIONAL0HYSICAL,ABORATORYIN%NGLAND FORTHE'AMES NOLOGYISTHIS SO)GOTOUTTHEMANUAL FORINSPECTIONANDFORCERTIlCATIONAS !SSOONAS3EIKOWASUNOFlCIALLY AND EXPLAINED THE )SHIWARA PRINCIPLE /LYMPICTIMEKEEPINGEQUIPMENT AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO TIME THE "OTH -R 0AULEN AND -R 0AIN OFFERED !LTHOUGH 3EIKO RECEIVED A PRE 4OKYO'AMES ITBEGANTHEENORMOUS HEARTY PRAISE AFTER THE PRESENTATION LIMINARYNOMINATIONASTIMEKEEPERFOR TASK OF DEVELOPING DIFFERENT TYPES OF @7HATAGOODIDEA
4HATSGOODTHEORY
 THE4OKYO/LYMPIC'AMESAFTER STOPWATCH SUITABLE FOR TIMING MANY 4HENTHEYSAID @7EARENOTASSIGNING THE)!!&#OMMITTEEMETIN"ELGRADE DIFFERENT SPORTS EVENTS.OT ONLY DID OFlCIALTIMEKEEPINGTOA*APANESEMAN IN  IT WAS ONLY ONE YEAR BEFORE 3EIKOS SYSTEMS HAVE TO RECORD THE UFACTURERBECAUSETHE/LYMPICSWILLBE THEEVENTTHATTHEYRECEIVEDNOTICEIN TIME OF THE WINNING COMPETITOR IN HELD IN4OKYO BUT BECAUSE THESE ARE WRITINGOFTHEIROFlCIALAPPOINTMENT EACHEVENTTHEYALSOHADTODETERMINE ACTUALFUNCTIONALSTOPWATCHES BACKED $EVELOPMENT OF THE NEW STOP TIMESFORTHEOTHERCOMPETITORSANDTO UPWITHSOLIDTHEORY WATCHWITHITSINNOVATIVEHEART SHAPED RECORDWHICHCOMPETITORWASINWHICH CAMWASANENORMOUSUNDERTAKING BUT PLACE /LYMPICCERTIlCATION WITHOUTIT 3EIKOWOULDPROBABLYHAVE 4HE GARGANTUAN TASK OF PREPARING h4HAT REALLY MADE ME FEEL GOOD4HAT STOOD NO CHANCE IN ITS CAMPAIGN TO FORTHE'AMESDIDNOTSTOPWITHTHE EVENING ) WAS ABSOLUTELYTHRILLED TIMETHE/LYMPICS DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TIMINGEQUIP WHEN ) HEARD -R /DA -IKIO FROM $ESPITE THE TRIALS AND TRIBULA MENT)TWASALSONECESSARYTOPRODUCE THE*!!&SAY @THEBESTTHINGTOCOME TIONS THAT HAD BEEN ENDURED DURING MANYOTHERITEMS SUCHASGIANTCLOCKS FROMTHEMEETINGTODAYWASTHEPRE THEDEVELOPMENTOFAMOREACCURATE FOR THE STADIUMS AS WELL AS DISPLAYS

!*/52.%9).4)-%  TO ENABLE SPECTATORS TO SEE TIMES! DEVELOPED A MARINE CHRONOMETER )T PROJECT ON THIS SCALE WAS AN ENTIRELY WAS SOON MARKETED AS A COMMERCIAL NEW EXPERIENCE FOR 3EIKO )T IS TO CLOCK THE #RYSTAL #HRONOMETER THEIR ETERNAL CREDIT THAT DURING THE 1#  COSTING   YEN 4HIS ENTIRE/LYMPIC'AMES THEIRVERYlRST REVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT WAS USEDTO THERE WERE NO TIMEKEEPING ERRORS TIMESOMEEVENTSATTHE/LYMPIC AT ALL ALTHOUGH THEY HAD NO PREVIOUS 'AMES IN 4OKYO INTRODUCING QUARTZ EXPERIENCEANDHADONLYHADTWOYEARS ACCURACYTOSPORTSTIMEKEEPINGSYSTEM TODESIGNANDMAKEALLTHENEWEQUIP FORTHElRSTTIME MENTTHATWASREQUIRED HAVINGALREADY 4HEOPPORTUNITYTOACTASTHEOFl IMPROVEDSTOPWATCHPERFORMANCE CIALTIMEKEEPEROFTHE4OKYO/LYMPICS (AVING BEEN GRANTEDTHE PRES OPENED UP A WHOLE NEW WORLD OF TIGIOUSCONTRACTTOTIMETHE/LYMPIC SPORTSTIMINGOPPORTUNITIESFOR3EIKO 'AMESFORTHElRSTTIME 3EIKOWERE 4IMING THE EVENT WAS A MAMMOTH DETERMINED TO ENSURE THAT IN THEIR UNDERTAKING BUTTHEDECISIONTOTAKE HANDS TIMEKEEPINGSHOULDREACHHIGHER ONTHECHALLENGEPROVEDTOBEONEOF STANDARDSTHANEVERBEFORE !N/LYMPIClRST 4HEYFULlLLEDTHEIRDREAMBYDEVELOPING A QUARTZ CRYSTALCHRONOMETER CLOCK $ISTANCEMEASUREMENTISPROVIDED FORALLFIELDEVENTS

THAT WAS USED TO TIME THE MARATHON EVENTSnAND IT WAS ACCURATE TO WITHIN  SECONDS A DAY )T WAS THE lRST TIME THAT QUARTZ TIMEKEEPING SYSTEM HAD EVER BEEN USED AT AN INTERNATIONAL SPORTING EVENT 3PRING WOUND MECHANICAL TIMEPIECES WHICH 3EIKOSFIRSTCOMMERCIAL PORTABLE HADSETTHESTANDARDSFORTIMEKEEPING QUARTZCLOCK THE#RYSTAL #HRONOMETER1#  MADEHISTORY FOR THE PRECEDING  YEARS WERE WHENITWASUSEDTOTIMESOME MOSTLY ONLY ABLE TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY EVENTSATTHE'AMESIN4OKYO OF PLUS OR MINUS  SECONDS A DAY 4HE APPEARANCE OF THE #RYSTAL THE MOST MOMENTOUS LANDMARKS IN #HRONOMETER CLOCK CLEARLY SIGNALLED THECOMPANYSHISTORYANDITHASNEVER TO THE WORLD THAT 3EIKO HAD BEEN LOOKEDBACKSINCE4HECOMPANYTOOK DEVELOPINGQUARTZTECHNOLOGYANDTHAT ITS RESPONSIBILITY SO SERIOUSLY THAT IT THEYWEREWELLPLACEDINTHERACETO EMBARKEDONAFOUR YEARDEVELOPMENT DEVELOPQUARTZWRISTWATCHES PROGRAMME WITHNOLIMITONDEVELOP 4HE lRST STEP ALONG THE WAY FOR MENTCOSTSORTHERESOURCESTHATCOULD 5LTRASONICWINDGAUGESMEASURETHE 3EIKO CAME IN  WHEN 3EIKOSHA BE USED )T WAS A FAR SIGHTED PROJECT WINDSPEED!READINGOFMORETHAN CREATEDAPRACTICALQUARTZTIMEPIECEFOR THAT MUST BE UNIQUE IN /LYMPIC TWOMETRESASECONDINVALIDATESA ARADIOSTATION BUTITWASNOTPORTABLE HISTORY "UT WAS ALLTHE EXPENSE AND WORLDTRACKRECORD )N THE FOLLOWING YEAR 3UWA 3EIKOSHA EFFORT WORTHWHILE 3EIKO TIMED THE

 #(!04%2 DRAMATIC MOMENTS BUT THESE GAVE 3EIKOS ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS AN OPPORTUNITY TO HONE THEIR SPECIALIST TIMINGSKILLSUNTILTHEYWEREASSHARP AS A LEGENDARY *APANESE SWORD )N  FOR EXAMPLE 3EIKO WERE THE OFlCIALTIMEKEEPERSFORTHE&IFTH!SIAN 'AMES HELD IN 4HAILAND!CCORDING TO9ASUAKI!SAHARA A SENIOR MEMBER OFTHESPORTSTIMINGTEAM THETIMING EQUIPMENTTHATWASTAKENTO4HAILAND 4HELATESTTRANSPONDERTECHNOLOGY WASMUCHTHESAMEASHADBEENUSED ISNOWUSEDTOGIVEINSTANTTIMES FOR THE /LYMPIC 'AMES 4HIS FAILED ANDPOSITIONSINMARATHONS CROSS TO TAKEINTO ACCOUNT THE DRAMATIC COUNTRYANDSKIRACES 9ASUAKI!SAHARAMASTERMINDED3EIKOS DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURES BETWEEN SPORTSTIMINGFOROVERYEARS 4OKYO AND "ANGKOK AND RESULTED IN TIME TEMPERATURES WERE OFTEN WELL SOMEEQUIPMENTFAILURES OVERŽ# THETEMPERATUREINSIDETHE GAMES mAWLESSLY AND THE RESULTING BOXES CONTAINING SOME OF THE TIMING PUBLICITYALLOVERTHEWORLDHELPEDTHE &OOLPROOFBACK UPS EQUIPMENTROSETOAROUNDŽ#4HE COMPANYTOGAINTHEINTERNATIONALREC 1UARTZ OSCILLATORS ARE PARTICULARLY TEMPORARY SOLUTION WAS A HAND HELD OGNITIONANDCREDIBILITYITHADNEEDED SENSITIVETOTEMPERATURECHANGESAND FAN$ESPITETHEFAILUREOFSOMEITEMS SOBADLY THE NEWLY DEVELOPED SMALL ELECTRONIC OFEQUIPMENT 3EIKO STILL MANAGED TO !TLAST 3EIKOWASABLETOCOMPETE PRINTERS HAD BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THE TIME EVERY EVENT WITHOUT MISSING A WITHTHE3WISSONEQUALTERMSFORTHE *APANESE CLIMATE IN /CTOBER /N A SINGLETIME TIMING OF WORLD CLASS SPORTS EVENTS $ECEMBER DAY IN4HAILAND WHEN DAY 3INCE THAT lRST MAJOR SPORTING EVENT THECOMPANYHASTIRELESSLYDEVISEDNEW ANDIMPROVEDSPECIALISTTIMINGSYSTEMS AND NOW IT HAS ONE OF THE WORLDS MOST COMPREHENSIVE TIMEKEEPING SYSTEMS FOR SPORTS EVENTS )T IS USED TO SATISFY THE EVER MORE DEMANDING REQUIREMENTS OF MAJOR SPORTS EVENTS THE WORLD OVER 3INCE  3EIKO HAVETIMEDlVEMORE/LYMPIC'AMES BUT THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS HAS GROWN WELL BEYOND /LYMPIC EVENTS ANDTHEYHAVEPROVIDEDTIMINGFACILITIES AT MANY INTERNATIONALMULTI DISCIPLINE SPORTS EVENTS FROM THE !SIAN AND #OMMONWEALTH 'AMES TO7ORLD #HAMPIONSHIPSINOVERSPORTS $ESPITETHEmAWLESSTIMINGOFTHE /LYMPIC'AMES THEEARLYYEARS THATFOLLOWEDWERENOTWITHOUTTHEIR 3EIKOHASSERVEDAS/FFICIAL4IMERFOREVERY)!!&7ORLD#HAMPIONSHIPSSINCE

!*/52.%9).4)-%  4HE LESSON THAT WAS LEARNT FROM SYSTEMTOENSURETHATWENEVERMISS THISUNEXPECTEDINTERLUDEWASTHATTHE RECORDINGTHETIME)TSALLRIGHTIFYOU TIMEKEEPINGTEAMHADTODEVELOPDIF HAVE TO USE A CALCULATOR TO COMPUTE FERENTEQUIPMENTFOREVENTSINAUTUMN THERESULTS SUMMER AND WINTER-R!SAHARA SAID h)TISALSOIMPORTANTTOREMEMBER h4HEY HAD TO HAVE FOOLPROOF BACK UP THAT THE ATHLETES WHO COME IN LAST SYSTEMSv -R!SAHARA EXPLAINED h)FA HAVEALSOGIVENITTHEIRBESTSHOTAND PIECEOFTIMEKEEPINGEQUIPMENTWERE SOWEDONTWANTTOMISSTHEIRTIMES TOFAIL ITREALLYWOULDONLYBEAFAILURE EITHER4HEHARDESTTHINGINTIMEKEEPING IF THE TIMEKEEPERS DIDNT GET A TIME ISTORECORDTHETIMEOFTHELASTPERSON ANDHADTOASKTHEATHLETESTORUNTHE TO lNISH!T THE MOMENT THE LEADING SAMERACEFORUSAGAINv-R!SAHARA A RUNNER REACHES THE lNISHING LINE KEENSPORTSENTHUSIAST ADDED h4HERES OFlCIALS AND CAMERAMEN ARE WAITING NOWAYTHEYCOULDHAVESAID @)MSORRY EAGERLYINTHEIRASSIGNEDPOSITIONS"Y 4HE3EIKOSWIMMINGTOUCHPADSARE PARTOFAFULLYAUTOMATEDSYSTEM  #ARL,EWIS COULDYOURUNTHATAGAIN v THE TIME THE LAST COMPETITOR GETS TO ACCURATETO  OFASECOND (EADDED h!WATCHISAMACHINEAND THE lNISHING LINE THEYRE ALL OVER THE CANBREAKDOWN7EHAVENTFAILEDSO PLACE PARTICULARLY WITH THE   CALCULATED WITHOUT THE USE OF COM FAR BUTYES OURWATCHESHAVEBROKEN METRERACEv PUTERS "Y THE TIME OF THE 3APPORO 3KIINGEVENTSPRESENTTIMEKEEPERS /LYMPICS IN  3EIKOS SPORTS WITH MORE CHALLENGES IN ADDITION TIMING SPECIALISTS HAD DEVELOPEDA TO THAT OF THE WEATHER -R !SAHARA SYSTEMTHATCOULDTIMESEVERALSKIERS WHO RETIRED AT THE END OF THE S SIMULTANEOUSLY BETWEENTHREEANDlVE EXPLAINSh!LPINESKIINGHASTORELYON AT A TIME ANDTHE RESULTS WERE ELECTRONIC TIMING BECAUSE YOU CANT SEE THE START POSITION FROM THE BASE

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