Technical Memorandum
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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM TO: WWDC DATE: May 10, 2010 FROM: MWH REFERENCE: Wind-Bighorn Basin Plan SUBJECT: Task 3C - Industrial and Mining Water Use The purpose of this technical memorandum is to document industrial water use in the Wind-Bighorn Basin (Basin) to support the Wind-Bighorn Basin Plan Update. This information updates and expands on work completed during the previous Wind-Bighorn Basin Plan completed in 2003 (BRS 2003). Section 1 provides a brief summary of industrial water use reported in the previous Basin Plan. The remaining sections provide updated information. This technical memorandum contains the following sections. Contents Section 1 – Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Section 2 – Industrial Water Use ............................................................................................................ 2 Section 3 – Industrial Groundwater Use ................................................................................................. 2 Section 4 – Industrial Surface Water Use............................................................................................... 9 Section 5 – Summary........................................................................................................................... 10 Section 6 – References ........................................................................................................................ 11 Section 1 – Introduction Industrial water uses such as those associated with mining, oil and gas, coal bed natural gas, and manufacturing companies, and their importance to the economy within the Basin, were described in the previous Basin Plan. Total industrial and mining water use in the Basin was estimated at 92,240 acre- feet per year based on well yield data from 1999. The majority of this water use was for oil and gas exploration and development, and was about 73,790 acre-feet per year. Manufacturing companies associated with mineral exploration, agriculture, and outdoor recreation used about 15,710 acre-feet per year. The remaining 2,740 acre-feet per year was used for mining related purposes (primarily mining for bentonite and gypsum), including about 500,000 gallons per month at a bentonite plant in Worland. Water supply for mining facilities was typically derived from groundwater aquifers, and water reuse for non-potable purposes such as dust control was common practice. This memorandum updates estimates of industrial water uses within the Basin. Hydroelectric power production occurred within the Basin at six Bureau of Reclamation facilities, with total production capacity of 47,100 kilowatt hours. Water use for hydroelectric power production is a non-consumptive use, and demands for power production were not quantified in this memorandum. However, hydropower does create a “pseudo” consumptive use in that water is released during winter 1 months to generate power. This water is thus lost to other permitted uses such as irrigation as the requirements of the one-fill rule apply to reservoir storage. There were no fossil fuel power plants (i.e., coal or natural gas electric power production facilities) in the Basin when the previous Basin Plan was completed. Water use associated with developing fossil fuel power plants from reserves in the Basin was estimated based on an assumed 200 MW coal-fired steam turbine facility and a 500 MW gas-fired combination turbine facility, and ranged from 4,000 acre feet per year to 5,000 acre-feet per year. Section 2 – Industrial Water Use Industrial water uses in the Basin are water demands associated with industrial facilities, mining operations, coal bed natural gas and oil and gas production fields. A majority of the industrial water use in the Basin is from mining and oil operations and is difficult to quantify. Water used for mining and oil and gas production tends to be an impediment to or a by-product of the extraction process, with little attention paid to quantities withdrawn. As a result, industrial water use is often over-estimated based on maximum groundwater well yields or surface water rights. In an effort to better quantify water withdrawals and consumptive use for the Basin Plan update, information on estimated water use was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Use Information Program (NWUIP). The NWUIP is responsible for compiling and disseminating the nation's water-use data. The USGS works in cooperation with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information aggregated at the county, state, and national levels. Every five years, data including information on water withdrawals for the categories of public supply and self-supplied domestic, industrial, mining, irrigation, and thermoelectric power are compiled into a national water-use data system and published in a national report. Based on information provided in these reports, more precise estimates for groundwater and surface water withdrawals and consumptive use for industrial operations in the Basin can be calculated. The information below provides a summary of groundwater and surface water rights for Industrial use in the Basin obtained from the State of Wyoming, State Engineer’s, as well as estimates for groundwater and surface water withdrawals and consumptive use for industrial purposes based on data obtained from USGS NWUIP reports (USGS 2005, USGS 1995, USGS 1990). Section 3 – Industrial Groundwater Use Industrial groundwater uses in the Basin are water withdrawals from permitted wells associated with self-supplied industrial facilities and operations. Currently, there are 347 groundwater wells permitted to supply industrial operations in the Basin. Of these wells, 216 have a yield of at least 50 gpm. There are an additional 28 groundwater wells permitted for coal bed natural gas production 1. Well yields range up to 5000 gpm and 60 gpm for coal bed natural gas wells (WSEO 2010). Permitted production rates or well yields correspond to the maximum sustainable rate at which each well can be pumped and are not indicative of actual withdrawal rates for Industrial water use in the Basin. The locations for the industrial wells and coal bed natural gas wells are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. A complete list of permitted wells for industrial water use in the Basin is provided in Appendix A. 1 Note that the WSEO sent a query of all wells in Division III. This database contained 53 CBNG wells. However, when plotted in GIS, 25 of the wells plotted outside of the Wind-Bighorn Basin boundaries. Only those wells within the boundaries of the Wind-Bighorn Basin are plotted. 2 (!!( !(!(((!!!( (!(!(((!!!Frannie ut212 !( !( !( UV295 !(!( !( !(!( !(!( Cowley UV37 Bighorn Deaver Lake 294 !( !(!( UV !( 296 Powell !( (! !( Lovell ALT UV (! ut14 !(!(Byron !( !( !( 295 120 UV UV tu310 ALT ut14 UV789 UV32 (! !(!( Park Buffalo Bill !( !(!( Reservoir !(!( !(!( !( ut14 ut14 !( tu14 Cody ut16 ut20 Burlington Yellowstone ut16 20 Greybull ut !(!( !( Big Horn Lake !( UV30 !( !(!(!( !( !( !( Basin UV120 Manderson UV31 Teton !(!( !(!( !( Meeteetse !( !( UV433 !( !( !( !(!( Ten !(!(!( !( !((!!(!(!( !( !(!((!(!!( Sleep !(!(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( ut16 (! UV120 UV431 !( ! (! !((!((!!!(!(!( Worland !(!( !( !( tu20 UV434 UV789 !( !( !( Washakie !( !( Hot Springs !!!((( !( !( UV172 !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( (! Thermopolis Dubois !( ut26 !( ut287 !( Boysen Reservoir !( !( !( !( (!!( !( !( Pavillion !( Bull !( Natrona Lake !( !( Ocean ut20 !( Lake Shoshoni ut26 !( !( !( ut26 UV132 !( Fort Riverton!(!( Washakie !(!((! !( Arapahoe !( !(!( Ethete !( !( !( UV136 !( UV789 !( !( 287 Hudson ut 135 !(!( !(!(!(UV !(!(!( Fremont !( !(!( !( (! !(!((!!( (!!(!(!( !( !(!((!!(!( Lander (!!(!( !( !( !( !( !( (! !( Legend Industrial Wells Yield (gpm) Cities !( 0 - 166 Rivers (! 167 - 450 Wyoming Water Development Commission Highways !( 451 - 1,028 Wind River Reservation 1,029 - 2,771 ± (! 010 20 40 60 80 Basin Boundary County Boundary (! 2,772 - 5,000 Miles Figure 1. Industrial Wells in the Wind-Bighorn Basin 3 !( Frannie ut212 UV295 !((! Deaver !( Cowley UV37 Bighorn Lake UV294 (! 296 Powell Lovell tALT UV Byron u14 UV295 UV120 ut310 tALT u14 UV789 UV32 Park Buffalo Bill Reservoir ut14 ut14 ut14 Cody ut16 ut20 Burlington Yellowstone ut16 ut20 (! Greybull Lake Big Horn UV30 Basin UV120 Teton Manderson UV31 Meeteetse !( UV433 Ten Sleep 16 ut UV120 UV431 Worland (! ut20 434 !( 789 UV !( UV Washakie Hot Springs UV172 Thermopolis Dubois ut26 ut287 Boysen Reservoir Pavillion Bull Ocean Natrona Lake ut20 Lake Shoshoni ut26 ut26 Fort UV132 Washakie Riverton Arapahoe Ethete UV136 UV789 Hudson ut287 (!(! (!(! UV135 Fremont Lander Legend Coal Bed Natural Gas Wells Cities Yield (gpm) Rivers !( 0 !( 1 - 5 Wyoming Water Development Commission Highways !( 6 - 25 Wind River Reservation ± !( 26 - 50 010 20 40 60 80 Basin Boundary County Boundary (! 51 - 60 Miles Figure 2. Coal bed natural gas Wells in the Wind-Bighorn Basin 4 Industrial water use for the Basin was based on data published in the 2005 NWUIP report for mining and was calculated using a combination of national estimates, plus oil and gas data specific to Wyoming (USGS 2005). The national estimates include withdrawals for non-fuel mineral and coal mining and are based on coefficients, crude ore production data for 2004 from the USGS GD Minerals Information Team, and coal production from the Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Information