Multinationals' Marketing Techniques Aimed for Children in France and in the United States

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Multinationals' Marketing Techniques Aimed for Children in France and in the United States http://lib.uliege.be https://matheo.uliege.be Multinationals' marketing techniques aimed for children in France and in the United States Auteur : Rongvaux, Claire Promoteur(s) : Herbillon, Marie Faculté : Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres Diplôme : Master en communication multilingue, à finalité spécialisée en communication économique et sociale Année académique : 2018-2019 URI/URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2268.2/7500 Avertissement à l'attention des usagers : Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite. Par ailleurs, l'utilisateur s'engage à respecter les droits moraux de l'auteur, principalement le droit à l'intégrité de l'oeuvre et le droit de paternité et ce dans toute utilisation que l'utilisateur entreprend. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, lorsqu'il reproduira un document par extrait ou dans son intégralité, l'utilisateur citera de manière complète les sources telles que mentionnées ci-dessus. Toute utilisation non explicitement autorisée ci-avant (telle que par exemple, la modification du document ou son résumé) nécessite l'autorisation préalable et expresse des auteurs ou de leurs ayants droit. Université de Liège Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres Département Médias, Culture et Communication Multinationals' marketing techniques aimed for children in France and in the United States Sous la direction de Mme Herbillon Travail de fin d’études présenté par Claire Rongvaux en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Master en communication multilingue, à finalité économique et sociale Année académique 2018 - 2019 Acknowledgment I would like to express my gratitude to my tutor Marie Herbillon for having supervised this thesis and given me precious advice, especially when she did not have much time to spare. She has been very kind and supportive. I also thank Robert Möller and Laurent Rasier as readers of this master thesis for their time and comments. My thanks also go to my friends and family, who supported me throughout the year. I particularly thank those who took the time to read and comment my wording – Alice, Philippe, and Nicolas. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Issue.. ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Choice of target group ........................................................................................................... 5 Choice of brands .................................................................................................................... 5 Structure ................................................................................................................................. 6 Theoretical framework ............................................................................................................... 7 1. An introduction to marketing ............................................................................................. 7 1.1 Basics of marketing ..................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Marketing approach .............................................................................................. 8 1.1.2 Integrated marketing communication ................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Country-of-origin research ................................................................................. 10 1.1.4 Commercials ....................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Marketing to children ................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Advertising laws and regulations regarding children ................................................ 13 1.3.1 In France ............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.2 In the United States ............................................................................................ 18 1.4 Controversial campaigns ........................................................................................... 20 2. Cultural differences between France and the USA .......................................................... 21 2.1 General education ...................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Food habits ................................................................................................................ 22 2.3 Mentalities ................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 Shopping behaviour ................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Hobbies ...................................................................................................................... 26 2.6 Ecology ...................................................................................................................... 26 3. Cultural linguistics ........................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Contrastive linguistics of the French and English languages .................................... 28 3.2 Advertising translation .............................................................................................. 29 3.2.1 Figures of speech ................................................................................................ 30 3.3 Code-switching .......................................................................................................... 32 4. Brands’ cross-cultural failures – lost in translation .......................................................... 33 Analytical part .......................................................................................................................... 35 1. Analytical methodology ................................................................................................... 35 2. Haribo ............................................................................................................................... 37 2.1 Presentation of the brand ........................................................................................... 37 2.2 Brand’s name and slogan ........................................................................................... 37 2.3 Marketing mix: the four Ps ........................................................................................ 38 2.4 Brand culture ............................................................................................................. 40 2.5 Commercials .............................................................................................................. 44 2.6 Results ....................................................................................................................... 52 3. Barbie ............................................................................................................................... 53 3.1 Presentation of the brand ........................................................................................... 53 3.2 Brand’s name and slogan ........................................................................................... 54 3.3 Marketing mix: the four Ps ........................................................................................ 55 3.4 Brand culture ............................................................................................................. 58 3.5 Commercials .............................................................................................................. 64 3.6 Results ....................................................................................................................... 68 4. Disney parks ..................................................................................................................... 69 4.1 Presentation of the brand ........................................................................................... 69 4.2 Brand’s name and slogan ........................................................................................... 70 4.3 Marketing mix: the seven Ps ..................................................................................... 71 4.4 Brand culture ............................................................................................................. 78 4.5 Commercials .............................................................................................................. 79 4.6 Results ....................................................................................................................... 81 5. Outcome of the different analyses .................................................................................... 82 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................
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