Volume 23 KHANEWAL Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08

VOLUME -23 KHANEWAL

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS MARCH 2009

Contributors to the Report: Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department, Lahore UNICEF Pakistan Consultant: Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, PhD M/s Eycon Pvt. Limited: data management consultants

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was carried out by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department. Financial support was provided by the Government of Punjab through the Annual Development Programme and technical support by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

The final reportreport consists consists of of 36 36 volumes volumes. of whichReaders this may document refer to is the the enclosed first. Readers table may of contents refer to thefor reference.enclosed table of contents for reference.

This is a household survey planned by the Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan (http://www.pndpunjab.gov.pk/page.asp?id=712). Survey tools were based on models and standards developed by the global MICS project, designed to collect information on the situation of children and women in countries around the world. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org.

Suggested Citation: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Punjab 2007–08, Lahore, Pakistan. ii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 FOREWORD

Government of the Punjab is committed to reduce poverty through sustaining high growth in all aspects of provincial economy. An abiding challenge in maintaining such growth pattern is concurrent development of capacities in planning, implementation and monitoring which requires reliable and real time data on development needs, quality and efficacy of interventions and impacts. Being cognizant of this need, Planning and Development Department is consistently working on improved systems for generation of accurate information on development needs and impacts of the investments made through development budgets. Social sectors remain a priority area for the government and development outlays for these sectors have grown multifold over the last five years. Government of the Punjab is committed to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education, health, water supply & sanitation and poverty. That would require not only provision of adequate resources but also a very robust system for ascertaining the area specific needs, efficient use of resources and regular monitoring of the results and impacts. Towards this end, government, with assistance of UNICEF, has embarked upon periodic conduct of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The first such survey was carried out in 2003-04 and proved to be the most important tool in determining government budgetary outlays for the next four years, particularly for the social sectors. MICS 2003-04 was based on 40 indicators and the usage of information generated by the survey pointed to the need of further improvements in the scope and coverage of selected indicators. Therefore, scope of MICS 2007-08 was further expanded to more than 70 indicators and the coverage ZDVH[WHQGHGGRZQWR¶WHKVLO· level. This posed much greater challenges in terms of logistics and man-management but it is matter of great satisfaction that final product has proven to be worth that effort. The results of 2007-08 survey not only provide information on progress made in key social indicators since 2003-04 but also provide an excellent baseline for the key social indicators to the provincial planners. The Punjab Bureau of Statistics, Planning & Development Department, partner organizations at the provincial and district level richly deserve all the credit for coming up with an excellent report. Special credit also goes to UNICEF for their unstinted support for the MICS over the years and bringing international expertise to support this effort. I am confident that this report will prove to be a valuable source not only for the planning efforts of government of punjab but also a valuable reference for the academia and research organizations.

Muhammad Sami Saeed Chairman, Planning and Development Board, Punjab Dated: 20th February, 2009

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL iii AACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007²08 is the result of ceaseless efforts of different departments and organisations. Funded through the Annual Development Programme, the survey was conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Punjab with technical support of UNICEF. The Federal Bureau of Statistics provided the sample design which was also reviewed by an international consultant. The validation of survey was undertaken by the Social Work Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore. The survey covered 6,368 clusters and 91,280 households in urban and rural areas throughout the province. The fieldwork was started on 12 December 2007 and completed on 10 April 2008. Punjab MICS 2007²08 allows the provincial government and districts to gauge and monitor their respective status of human and social development with precise data on a variety of key indicators. It will assist the decision-makers to move towards new avenues of human and social development. MICS 2007²08 is result of collective efforts of many individuals and each one of them merits recognition. The Chairman, P&D Board (who also heads the Provincial Steering Committee of MICS) and Secretary P&D Department extended their fullest support and guided throughout the process. Mr. Shamim Rafique, Director General, Bureau of Statistics and his team deserves special mention. Their hard work and dedication has made it possible that the final product is completed in time. The keen interest and contribution made by the members of the Steering Committee, Technical and Planning & Coordination Group, Chief (MEPA) and his team are also acknowledged. MICS 2007-08 would not have been possible without technical support of UNICEF. Dr. Deepak Bajracharya, Provincial Chief, UNICEF, and his team played an active role throughout the process. Special thanks are due to Dr Manar Abdel Rahman, who led the process; Mr. Armando Levinson and Ivena Bajelic, International consultants for MICS 2007-08; The Federal Bureau of Statistics for providing sample design and listing; ECI (Pvt) Limited for facilitating trainings; Social Work Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore for monitoring; M/s Eycon (Pvt) Ltd for data management support; and many more partners. The fieldwork of this survey was a mammoth exercise but tireless efforts made by the regional supervisors, team supervisors and field enumerators (both male/ female in house listing and interviews) made possible to complete this difficult task in record time and without any major operational issue. The entire field teams deserve appreciation. All district governments and Administrative Departments provided valuable support by contributing services of their staff in the process. Communities, local leadership and members of the sampled households devoted their time and resources to facilitate the work of survey teams. They need to be applauded for their confidence in sharing their personal information and enriching this survey. The information provided by them remains in trust and will not be used for any purposes other than their benefit.

Hamed Yaqoob Sheikh Member/ Chief Economist Dated: 20th February, 2009 Planning and Development Board, Punjab

iv MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Khanewal Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² LITERACY AND EDUCATION

8 44 Literacy rate 10+ years 56 59 49 54 Literacy 45 Adult literacy rate 15+ years 51 56 45 52 60 46 $GXOWOLWHUDF\UDWH²\HDUV 70 73 64 68 52 36 Pre-school attendance 8 14 - - 54 39 Net intake rate in primary education (5 years) 24 19 - -

Net intake rate in primary education (6 years) 39 38 - -

655371HWSULPDU\DWWHQGDQFHUDWH ²\HDUV 54 53 51 51 38 Gross primary attendance rate 98 97 88 88 43 Net primary school attendance rate: - Government schools 72 56 - - - Private schools 25 43 - - Education 56 40 Net middle/ secondary attendance rate 26 29 27 33 9 61 42 Gender parity index for: - Primary education 0.89 0.96 0.77 0.93 - Middle/secondary education 0.62 0.94 0.84 0.88 41 Primary educational facility within 2 km: - Government boys 97 93 - - - Government girls 96 91 - - - Private boys 74 75 - - - Private girls 74 74 - - ENVIRONMENT Physical access to drinking water (within 47 97 92 96 92 dwelling) 30 11 48 Use of improved drinking water sources 99 97 99 97 13 49 Use of properly treated water 1.1 4.8 - - 55 Safe drinking water without bacteria 60 51 - - 31 12 50 Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal 64 70 58 58 Use of improved water sources and improved Water and 51 64 68 - Sanitation sanitation Proper disposal of: 53 - Waste water 42 57 30 43 52 - Solid waste 6.3 14 7 15 54 Hand washing adequately: - Before meal 49 57 34 41 - After using latrine 51 66 48 55 ADULT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 28 Prevalence of chronic cough 1.7 2.2 2.5 2 Adult health 29 Reported tuberculosis 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5 30 Reported hepatitis 0.3 0.7 - -

25 Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) 71 50 54 35 Health care Physical access to health facility within half an 35 70 75 - - hour's distance

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL v Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Khanewal Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² CHILD MORTALITY

Child 13 1 1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 births) 138 111 134 112 mortality 14 2 2 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 births) 92 77 86 77 NUTRITION

4 6 5 Underweight prevalence (moderate & severe) 37 34 41 34

Underweight prevalence (severe) 10 11 -- Nutritional 7 6 Stunting prevalence (moderate & severe) 46 42 - - status Stunting prevalence (severe) 24 23 - - 8 7 Wasting prevalence (moderate & severe) 12 13 - - Wasting prevalence (severe) 3.1 5.6 - - 15 8 Exclusive breastfeeding rate 53 49 - 30 16 9 Continued breastfeeding rate at: ²PRQWKV 71 74 - 79 Breast- ²PRQWKV 51 53 - 47 feeding 17 12 Timely complementary feeding rate 46 42 37 44 Children receiving minimum recommended 18 11 40 31 -- complementary feeding 19 10 Adequately fed infants 46 40 -- Salt 41 70 Adequately Iodised salt consumption 1.4 6.3 2 8 iodisation Vitamin A 42 22 Vitamin A supplementation (under 5 years) 87 79 96 87 CHILD HEALTH 33 19 Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) 67 47 34 43 31 Prevalence of diarrhoea 4.5 7.8 30 22 34 20 Home management of diarrhoea 9 15 - - Received ORT or increased fluids and continued 35 21 40 30 - - Care of feeding illness 23 18 Care seeking for suspected pneumonia 80 70 - -

22 33 Knowledge of two danger signs of pneumonia 5 10 - -

32 Any illness during past 2 weeks 13 - - 29 24 69 Solid fuels 82 71 - - CHILD PROTECTION

Birth 62 34 Birth registration 86 77 86 82 registration 71 56 Child labour 5.2 5.1 - - Child labour 72 57 Labourer students 3.2 3.4 - - 73 58 Student labourers 43 49 --

Disability 101 62 &KLOGGLVDELOLW\ ²\HDUV 4.2 5.2 - -

vi MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Khanewal Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Fertility 24 Total fertility rate - 4.3 6.1 4.7 19c 21 14 Use of contraceptives (any method) 24 32 24 36 Contra- 15 Contraceptive drop out 1.6 4.3 - - ception 16 Unwilling pregnancy 22 26 - - 20 13 Antenatal care 44 53 34 44 Maternal and 17 4 3 Skilled attendant at delivery 36 43 22 33 newborn 5 4 Institutional deliveries 31 38 - - health 23 Postnatal care 36 41 20 30 68 17 &XUUHQWO\PDUULHGZRPHQDJHG² 2.6 3.2 HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS 26 Knowledge of preventing HIV/AIDS 11 18 - - knowledge & Negative attitude towards people with attitudes 86 27 52 43 - - HIV/AIDS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

60 Unemployment rate (15+ years) 5.2 6.8 - - Emloyment 61 Family member working outside village/ town 9 12 5.2 9.6

Percent of households who own three or more 74 81 89 50 56 possessions Percent of household members who use at least 75 92 94 68 83 one utility 73 Household characteristics: - Finished floor (pacca) 40 57 - - - Finished roof (pacca) 79 84 - - Housing and Assets - Finished wall (pacca) 65 76 - - 59 Ownership of assets: - House 86 84 83 86 - Land 38 34 32 32 - Livestock 64 51 55 41 71 Mean household size 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.6 72 Mean number of persons per room 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 63 Receiving remittances within Pakistan 4.7 5.5 2.9 4.2 Remittances 64 Receiving remittances from abroad 1.6 4.1 1.8 4.3 and Zakat 65 Receiving cash donation 1.2 1.4 3.6 3.8 66 Safety nets: - Receiving pensions 3.4 6.2 Social - Getting benefits from Government 29 16 - - Benefits, schemes of social protection Subsidies and - Purchasing goods from Families 712- - government utility stores Support Programmes How often: - Regularly 917- - - Rarely 80 79 - -

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL vii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASFR Age Specific Fertility Rate BOS Bureau of Statistics CDC Communicable Disease Centre CRS Crop Reporting Service CSPro Census and Survey Processing System EB Enumeration Block FBS Federal Bureau of Statistics GAR Gross Attendance Rate GPI Gender Parity Index HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IDD Iodine Deficiency Disorders IMR Infant Mortality Rate IUD Intrauterine Device LAM Lactational Amenorrhea Method LHW Lady Health Worker MCEB Mean Number of Children Ever Born MDGs Millennium Development Goals MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MICS²3 The third round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey NAR Net Attendance Rate NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics (USA) NGOs Non-government organisations OPV Oral Polio Vaccine ORS Oral Rehydration Solution ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy P&D Planning And Development PDHS Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey PPB Parts Per Billion PPM Parts Per Million PRHFPS Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey PSUs Primary Sampling Units RHF Recommended Home Fluid SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences SSUs Secondary Sampling Units STIs Sexually Transmitted infections TFR Total Fertility Rate U5MR Under 5 Mortality Rate UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund WFFC World Fit For Children WHO World Health Organisation

viii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background his report is the 23rd volume of the tesil based Punjab MICS 2007²08, conducted from TDecember 2007 to April 2008 by the Bureau of Statistics (BOS), Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab. To provide a snapshot of progress on indicators for Khanewal District, the report compares the results of MICS 2007²08 to those of MICS 2003²04 by tehsil where ever available. Punjab MICS is a household survey intended to assist the Government of Pakistan/ Punjab in planning and monitoring social service delivery and other indicators of development. The survey fills gaps in essential data, providing recent and relevant information at the provincial, divisional, district and tehsil level. The survey findings will ultimately feed into government programmes for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The MICS report fulfils an important role in monitoring progress towards attaining goals and targets from key international agreements: the Millennium Declaration, adopted by United Nations member states in September 2000, and the Plan of Action for 'A World Fit For Children', adopted at the United Nations Special Session on Children in May 2002, and commitments made at the 1990 World Summit for Children. As a signatory, Pakistan is committed to improving the situation of all its citizens, especially children, and to report upon progress made in the years since the agreements. The value of this survey goes far beyond generating data for international reporting. To formulate and achieve goal-oriented plans it is essential that resources are distributed based on rational and appropriate objectives at the provincial, district and tehsil level. The Punjab MICS 2007²08 will meet the data needs of researchers, academia, policymakers and managers at the grassroots level. The survey was coordinated and supervised by the Technical, Planning and Coordination Groups chaired by the Chief Economist Planning and Development (P&D) Board. These groups comprised of key technical staff of the line departments and UNICEF. The Government of Punjab financed the MICS through its Annual Development Programme and UNICEF provided technical assistance. 1.2. Survey Objectives The primary objectives of the Punjab MICS 2007²08 are: x To update and compare the results of Punjab MICS 2003²04 with finding in Punjab MICS 2007²08 at the district and tehsil levels; x To establish benchmarks indicators which were not included in Punjab MICS 2003²04 but are included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); x To highlight inter-district disparities on the basis of evidence in order to address them through appropriate district and tehsil-level social sector planning efforts by the provincial government; x To develop a strong advocacy tool for action on poor social service delivery; x To provide information on the situation of children and women and assist the government in establishing child-focused benchmarking to report on the MDGs and the government's long term plans, and to measure progress; x To build the capacity of government institutions by encouraging their active involvement in all phases of the survey.

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL ix

1.3. Organisation of the Report The report for Punjab MICS 2007²08 comprises 36 volumes. This, the 23rd volume, presents results at tehsil level for Khanewal District. Technical aspects of the survey are described in the appendices of Provincial Report (Volume 1). 1.4. Questionnaires Questionnaires for the Punjab MICS 2007²08 were based on MICS²3 model questionnaires with some modifications and additions to accommodate additional indicators selected by the Government of the Punjab. A Table SD.1A: Sample size and allocation (households) household questionnaire was Households administered in each sampled Major Other Rural Total household, with three major City Urban sections: information on all Punjab 10464 21360 59456 91280 household members, individual questionnaires for each ever- married woman aged 15²49 years, Khanewal District - 732 2496 3228 and a children's section administered to mother or Tehsil caretakers of children under 5 years Khanewal - 240 576 816 of age. The questionnaires included Kabirwala - 192 816 1,008 the following modules: Mian Channu - 168 784 952 x Household Questionnaire Jahanian - 132 320 452 o Household Listing o Education o Income and Employment o Water and Sanitation o Child Labour o Disability o Maternal Mortality o Household Characteristics o Salt Iodisation o Drinking Water Testing x Questionnaire for Individual Woman o Child Mortality o Maternal and Newborn Health o Contraception o HIV/AIDS x Questionnaire for Children Under 5 o Birth Registration o Vitamin A o Breastfeeding o Care during Illness o BCG Immunisation o Anthropometry

x MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 The MICS²3 model questionnaires were revised and customised to suit local conditions and translated from English into the Urdu language. The Urdu version of the questionnaire was pre- tested in November 2007 in the urban and rural areas on a set of households that was not included in the survey sample. Questionnaires were modified based on the results of the pre-test. 1.5. Training and Fieldwork Due to the large sample size and to ease management of the large fieldwork operation while assuring quality and proper supervision, the province was divided into ten regions of 3²5 districts each. Multan region comprised of Multan, Khanewal, Lodhran and Vehari districts. The BOS assigned one senior officer as Regional Supervisor for the region, who was responsible for all aspects of fieldwork. Household listing began in October 2007. The Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) trained listers taken by BOS from line departments and academia, and supervised the process through its regional offices. A 5-day training of master trainers was conducted in Lahore during November 2007. Master trainers comprised of technical staff from the BOS, female doctors from the health department and professional trainers engaged by UNICEF. The training was conducted by a private sector consultancy firm, Employment through Creativity Integration (ECI) Pvt Ltd. A manual was developed training interviewers and supervisory staff. Field enumeration staff was trained by master trainers at the regional level. The required staff for Multan region was trainined in two sessions through the courtesy of District Health Development Centre (DHDC) Khanewal in December 2007. Each session was standardised in terms of duration, content, material and instructional methodology and provided adequate opportunities for hands-on practice and closely supervised field work. Standardised instruction manuals for team supervisors and interviewers were developed and used during training and fieldwork. Each training session concluded with a standard evaluation of the participants. A total of six teams supervisors led the interviewer teams at Multan region were deployed. Each team comprised one male and two female interviewers. The male interviewers were responsible for locating sampled households, introductions, administering the household modules and performing water testing. The female interviewers administered the women and children modules to eligible women and mothers or caretakers of children. They also performed the anthropometric measurements on children. Depending on the size of the household, administration of each questionnaire took about 35²45 minutes. Each team supervisor supported two teams in urban or three teams in rural areas. Supervisors ensured that the visited household was one identified through the sampling process. They were also responsible for completeness and quality of work, keeping to schedules, and arranging transport and accommodation. Team supervisors were the primary link between regional supervisors and interviewers, and reported on their teams' progress and performance regularly. Teams were instructed to complete one cluster a day. All cluster and control sheets were delivered by team supervisors to their regional supervisor who forwarded them to the BOS headquarters in Lahore after two days to allow the completion of the water test. To establish the credibility of the survey, the University of the Punjab's Social Work Department was engaged as an independent monitoring organisation and was involved in the survey process from the beginning. This third party monitoring was intended to support, assess and report on the quality of all aspects of the survey work. The monitors covered questionnaire design, training, listing, fieldwork and back-checking of filled-in questionnaires, data management and report writing. The third party monitoring report is included in Provincial Report (Volume 1). Team supervisors for Multan region were largely taken from the BOS, Crop Reporting Service (CRS), Agriculture, Health, Social Welfare Departments and Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP).

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL xi

The interviewers were engaged from the BOS and other government line departments including Population Welfare, Health and CRS and included university graduates through the Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) and NGOs. In total, 54 interviewers, 6 team supervisors and a regional supervisor were involved in data collection. Thus more than 60 field enumeration staff participated in fieldwork for the survey from 12 December 2007 to 10 April 2008. 1.6. Data Processing and Analysis Questionnaire responses received a preliminary edit on the spot by team supervisors. At the end of the day, the team supervisor and interviewers reviewed each questionnaire and filled in the cluster control sheet. The regional supervisor checked randomly selected questionnaires. Data editors deployed by the data management organisation conducted a final edit and check before data entry. Data handling and processing was managed by an experienced private sector agency which was responsible for survey data management and processing, including pre-entry editing, data entry, verification and consistency checks, preliminary tabulations and frequencies, support of the data analysis process and preparation of final data for dissemination in electronic form. In total, 48 data editors, 78 data entry operators and eight data supervisors and quality control staff took part in the data processing operation at provincial level. They were trained in four batches during May 2008. The two trainings for editors were conducted by Punjab MICS master trainers following the curriculum used in training interviewers. For better quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. The data management operation site was housed within the BOS premises to ensure close monitoring. A short-term international consultant was engaged by UNICEF to review the technical aspects of data entry operation during June 2008 who recommend improvements in the data management process. Data processing began on 10 May and concluded on 15 September 2008. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS²3 project and adapted to the Punjab questionnaires were used. Data were entered and processed using the CSPro software after customising standard data entry programs, and were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program after customising the model syntax and tabulation plans. Syntax and tabulation plans were prepared for the additional indicators included in the survey. Table numbers used in this report refer to the same numbers used in the global MICS²3 tabulation plan. Each table number is prefixed by two letters denoting the section to which the table belongs. Generally numbering of figures reflects the table numbers from which the data used in the figures are obtained. 1.7. Dimensions of Data Analysis Data are presented for the entire province in Provincial Report (Volume 1). District Khanewal data are disaggregated by tehsil, area of residence, sex, age, level of education and wealth index quintile and presented in this report.

xii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08

LIST OF TABLES ² DISTRICT KHANEWAL Volume 23

Households (HH) Table HH.2: Household age distribution by sex ...... 3 Table HH.3: Household composition ...... 4 Table HH.4: Women's background characteristics ...... 5 Table HH.5: Children's background characteristics ...... 6 Nutrition (NU) Table NU.1: Child malnourishment ...... 7 Table NU.4: Adequately fed infants ...... 8 Table NU.5: Adequately iodised salt consumption ...... 9 Table NU.6: Children's vitamin A supplementation ...... 10 Child Health (CH) Table CH.4: Oral rehydration treatment ...... 11 Table CH.5: Home management of diarrhoea ...... 12 Table CH.6: Care seeking for suspected pneumonia ...... 13 Table CH.7A: Knowledge of the two danger signs of pneumonia ...... 14 Table CH.8: Solid fuel use...... 15 Environment (EN) Table EN.1: Use of improved water sources ...... 17 Table EN.2: Household water treatment ...... 18 Table EN.3: Physical access to source of water ...... 19 Table EN.3A: Bacteria water testing...... 20 Table EN.5: Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal ...... 21 Table EN.7: Use of improved water sources and improved sanitation ...... 22 Table EN.11A: Disposal of waste water...... 23 Table EN.11B: Disposal of solid waste ...... 24 Table EN.12A: Hands washing before meal ...... 25 Table EN.12B: Hands washing after using latrine ...... 26 Reproductive Health (RH) Table RH.1: Use of contraception ...... 27 Table RH.1A: Contraceptive dropout ...... 28 Table RH.2: Unwilling pregnancy ...... 29 Table RH.3: Antenatal care provider ...... 30 Table RH.5: Assistance during delivery ...... 31 Table RH.5A: Postnatal care provider ...... 32 Table RH.7: Currently married women by age ...... 33 Education (ED) Table ED.8A: Literacy rate (10+ years) ...... 35

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 1

Table ED.8B: Literacy rate (15+ years) ...... 36 Table ED.8C: Youth Literacy rate (15²24 years) ...... 37 Table ED.1: Pre-school attendance ...... 38 Table ED.2: Primary school entry ...... 39 Table ED.3A: Primary school net attendance ratio (5²9 years) ...... 40 Table ED.3B: Primary school gross attendance ratio (5²9 years) ...... 41 Table ED.3C: Public and private primary school attendance rate ...... 42 Table ED.4: Middle/Secondary school net attendance ratio ...... 43 Table ED.4w: Secondary school age children attending primary school ...... 44 Table ED.7: Education gender parity ...... 45 Table ED.9A: Physical access to primary schools...... 46 Table ED.9B: Physical access to middle schools ...... 47 Table ED.9C: Physical access to secondary schools ...... 48 Child Protection (CP) Table CP.1: Birth registration ...... 49 Table CP.2: Child labour...... 50 Table CP.3: Labourer students and student labourers ...... 51 Table CP.10: Child disability ...... 52 HIV/ AIDS (HA) Table HA.1: Knowledge of preventing HIV transmission ...... 53 Table HA.5: Attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS ...... 54 Household Characteristics (HC) Table HC.1: Prevalence of Cough, TB and Hepatitis ...... 55 Table HC.2: Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) ...... 56 Table HC.3: Physical access to health facility ...... 57 Table HC.5: Unemployment rate ...... 58 Table HC.6: Family member working outside village ...... 59 Table HC.7A: Main material of the floor ...... 60 Table HC.7B: Main material of the roof ...... 61 Table HC.7C: Main material of the walls ...... 62 Table HC.8A: Household utilities ...... 63 Table HC.8B: Household possessions ...... 64 Table HC.9: House, agricultural land and livestock ownership ...... 65 Table HC.10: Household size and mean number of persons per room ...... 66 Table HC.11A: Receiving remittance within Pakistan ...... 67 Table HC.11B: Receiving remittance from abroad ...... 68 Table HC.12: Cash donations ...... 69 Table HC.13: Pension Benefits ...... 70 Table HC.14A: Benefit from government social protection schemes ...... 71 Table HC.14B: Purchasing goods from government utility stores ...... 72

2 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HH.2: Household age distribution by sex Percent distribution of the household population by five-year age groups, and dependency age Percent distribution of the household population by five-year age groups and dependency age groups, and groups,number of MICS children Punjab, aged 0-172007-08 years, by sex, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Males Females Total

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Punjab 303,804 100.0 289,039 100.0 592,843 100.0

District Khanewal 8,850 100.0 8,330 100.0 17,180 100.0

Age

0-4 1,081 12.2 1,053 12.6 2,133 12.4

5-9 1,234 13.9 1,086 13.0 2,319 13.5

10-14 1,126 12.7 1,063 12.8 2,188 12.7

15-19 996 11.3 1,002 12.0 1,998 11.6

20-24 791 8.9 769 9.2 1,561 9.1

25-29 671 7.6 668 8.0 1,339 7.8

30-34 480 5.4 514 6.2 994 5.8

35-39 474 5.4 471 5.7 946 5.5

40-44 431 4.9 353 4.2 784 4.6

45-49 345 3.9 221 2.7 566 3.3

50-54 277 3.1 380 4.6 657 3.8

55-59 244 2.8 229 2.7 473 2.8

60-64 235 2.7 166 2.0 401 2.3

65-69 169 1.9 143 1.7 312 1.8

70+ 295 3.3 214 2.6 508 3.0

Dependency age groups

<15 3,440 38.9 3,201 38.4 6,641 38.7

15-64 4,945 55.9 4,773 57.3 9,718 56.6

65+ 464 5.2 357 4.3 821 4.8

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 3 Table HH.3: Household composition

Percent distribution of households by selected characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of households Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 91,075 91,075

District Khanewal 100.0 2,599 3,228

Tehsil

Khanewal 26.0 675 816 Kabirwala 33.0 858 1,008 Mian Channu 29.0 754 952 Jahanian 12.0 312 452

Area of residence

Rural 81.3 2,115 2,496 All Urban 18.7 485 732 Other Urban 100.0 485 732

SexGender of household head

Male 97.5 2,535 3,143 Female 2.5 64 85

No. of household members

1 1.2 32 43 2-3 11.7 305 374 4-5 25.1 652 812 6-7 29.1 756 936 8-9 18.5 482 598 10+ 14.3 373 465

At least one child aged < 5 year 48.0 2,599 3,228 At least one woman aged 15-49 82.9 2,599 3,228

Punjab At least one child aged < 5 year 47.4 91,075 91,075 At least one woman aged 15-49 81.9 91,075 91,075

4 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HH.4: Women's background characteristics

Percent distribution of women aged 15-49 years by background characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of women Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 86,148 86,148

District Khanewal 100.0 2,467 3,033

Tehsil Khanewal 26.2 646 774 Kabirwala 33.1 817 945 Mian Channu 28.7 707 898 Jahanian 12.0 296 416

Area of residence Rural 82.1 2,024 2,366 All Urban 17.9 443 667 Other Urban 100.0 443 667

Age 15-19 2.6 63 75 20-24 13.3 327 399 25-29 22.6 556 682 30-34 18.8 463 562 35-39 19.1 472 599 40-44 14.6 359 435 45-49 9.2 226 281

Marital status Currently married 97.6 2,408 2,961 Widowed 1.8 46 56 Divorced 0.6 14 16

Motherhood status Ever gave birth 86.3 2,126 2,622 Never gave birth 13.7 339 409

Education None 68.6 1,692 2,028 Primary 14.7 362 454 Middle 5.9 146 185 Secondary 6.2 152 205 Higher 4.6 114 159 Madrasa/NSC 0.1 2 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 31.6 780 898 Second 22.9 565 679 Middle 22.2 548 672 Fourth 15.6 385 504 Highest 7.7 189 280

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 5 Table HH.5: Children's background characteristics

Percent distribution of children under five years of age by background characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of under-5 children Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 70,226 70,226

District Khanewal 100.0 2,093 2,588

Tehsil Khanewal 27.4 575 688 Kabirwala 32.5 680 784 Mian Channu 28.9 605 769 Jahanian 11.2 234 347

Area of residence Rural 83.6 1,750 2,065 All Urban 16.4 343 523 Other Urban 100.0 343 523

Gender Male 50.6 1,060 1,311 Female 49.4 1,033 1,277

Age < 6 months 10.3 217 267 6-11 months 10.0 210 257 12-23 months 17.7 371 469 24-35 months 20.5 429 529 36-47 months 21.4 448 552 48-59 months 19.5 408 501 Missing/Inconsistent 0.5 10 13

Mother's Education None 69.0 1,444 1,747 Primary 15.0 315 391 Middle 5.9 123 159 Secondary 6.1 127 171 Higher 4.1 85 120

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 34.5 721 833 Second 24.8 520 629 Middle 20.5 428 536 Fourth 13.9 291 392 Highest 6.4 134 198

6 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table NU.1: Child malnourishment Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are severely or moderately malnourished, MICS Punjab, 2007- 08 Weight for age Height for age Weight for height Number of children % below % below % below % below % below % below % above aged 0-59 - 2 SD* - 3 SD* - 2 SD** - 3 SD** - 2 SD*** - 3 SD*** + 2 SD months

Punjab 33.6 11.3 42.4 23.3 13.4 5.6 6.9 57,368

District Khanewal 36.6 10.4 46.2 23.8 12.6 3.1 4.3 1,613

Tehsil Khanewal 37.6 11.0 46.7 21.6 15.3 4.3 3.3 386 Kabirwala 36.0 10.5 46.9 26.4 11.6 3.4 4.1 518 Mian Channu 36.1 10.5 46.6 23.3 9.9 2.1 5.2 514 Jahanian 37.5 8.7 42.4 22.4 16.9 2.6 4.7 195

Area of residence Rural 37.1 10.8 46.3 23.7 12.2 2.4 3.8 1,348 All Urban 34.2 8.2 45.6 24.0 14.6 6.6 7.0 265 Other Urban 34.2 8.2 45.6 24.0 14.6 6.6 7.0 265

Gender Male 38.6 11.0 47.5 24.8 14.0 3.1 4.0 812 Female 34.6 9.7 44.9 22.7 11.2 3.1 4.6 801

Child's age < 6 months 18.8 2.7 18.4 9.1 17.4 8.2 9.3 178 6-11 months 34.8 11.3 44.3 19.3 15.8 1.3 4.9 182 12-23 months 41.1 15.3 55.7 27.1 14.5 4.9 6.1 305 24-35 months 38.9 13.0 48.9 26.0 11.8 2.1 3.6 335 36-47 months 40.3 9.0 49.2 28.1 11.3 2.2 2.1 315 48-59 months 36.8 7.9 48.1 25.0 8.1 1.4 2.5 289 Missing/Inconsistent 53.7 7.1 53.9 18.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 9

Mother's Education None 40.1 12.0 51.1 27.3 12.5 2.9 4.0 1,065 Primary 34.3 8.4 40.0 16.2 12.7 2.8 3.5 251 Middle 32.6 7.0 41.2 23.2 12.9 4.5 7.3 109 Secondary 22.4 8.8 34.2 16.6 11.8 6.0 6.1 113 Higher 22.5 1.0 22.9 10.0 14.4 0.9 4.9 76

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 40.2 12.8 54.1 28.8 11.9 2.6 3.9 509 Second 41.4 10.8 49.7 26.8 11.7 2.4 3.5 405 Middle 38.0 11.4 42.4 20.8 15.2 3.1 4.1 337 Fourth 27.5 6.9 35.7 17.2 13.1 4.8 5.7 246 Highest 19.0 3.1 33.1 13.3 10.2 4.1 6.9 114

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 7 Table NU.4: Adequately fed infants Percentage of infants under 6 months of age exclusively breastfed, percentage of infants 6-11 months who are breastfed and who ate solid/semi-solid food at least the minimum recommended number of times yesterday and percentage of infants adequately fed, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Percent of infants

6-11 months who 6-8 months who 9-11 months who received breastmilk received received and complementary 0-11 months 0-5 months breastmilk and breastmilk and Number of food at least the who were exclusively complementary complementary infants aged minimum appropriately breastfed food at least 2 food at least 3 0-11 months recommended fed** times in prior 24 times in prior 24 number of times per hours hours day*

Punjab 48.5 30.0 32.5 31.0 40.2 14,498

District Khanewal 52.8 39.3 39.9 39.5 46.3 427

Tehsil Khanewal 48.0 41.5 37.6 39.9 44.0 116 Kabirwala 60.9 33.9 47.7 39.9 51.0 131 Mian Channu 47.8 46.8 31.5 40.3 44.1 127 Jahanian 54.8 32.0 48.6 36.5 44.8 53

Area of residence Rural 52.3 37.5 37.3 37.4 44.7 353 All Urban 54.9 48.8 57.8 51.9 53.7 74 Other Urban 54.9 48.8 57.8 51.9 53.7 74

Gender Male 48.0 35.6 32.9 34.4 40.8 222 Female 57.4 43.9 49.0 45.9 52.2 205

Mother's Education None 49.7 34.0 34.2 34.1 41.8 280 Primary 62.9 38.8 58.7 46.9 55.7 76 Middle 74.5 60.0 66.2 61.0 68.4 28 Secondary 46.9 55.3 44.2 51.1 49.0 26 Higher 25.2 68.6 37.3 50.5 37.6 16

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 46.9 29.6 34.7 31.5 39.6 135 Second 57.3 51.1 35.3 43.0 49.4 110 Middle 62.5 32.0 38.4 34.0 50.1 100 Fourth 40.6 36.4 53.8 41.1 40.8 55 Highest 54.6 77.6 62.2 69.6 63.9 27

8 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table NU.5: AdequatelyIodized salt Iodizedconsumption salt consumption Percentage of households consuming adequately iodized salt, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of households with Number of Percent of Number of Salt test result households in households in households which salt was which salt was interviewed No salt >0 to < 15 15+ tested or with no tested 0 PPM Total PPM PPM* salt

Punjab 98.9 91,075 0.3 87.7 5.7 6.3 100.0 90,333

District Khanewal 97.7 2,599 0.4 97.4 0.8 1.4 100.0 2,551

Tehsil

Khanewal 97.1 675 1.2 96.8 0.5 1.5 100.0 663

Kabirwala 98.3 858 0.0 97.0 1.0 2.0 100.0 844

Mian Channu 97.7 754 0.4 97.9 0.9 0.7 100.0 741

Jahanian 97.3 312 0.0 98.0 0.7 1.2 100.0 304

Area of residence

Rural 99.3 2,115 0.0 98.5 0.6 1.0 100.0 2,100

All Urban 90.8 485 2.4 92.1 1.9 3.5 100.0 451

Other Urban 90.8 485 2.4 92.1 1.9 3.5 100.0 451

Wealth Index quintiles

Lowest 98.6 879 0.0 99.6 0.2 0.2 100.0 866

Second 98.5 600 0.3 99.4 0.3 0.0 100.0 593

Middle 98.3 553 0.5 97.1 0.5 1.8 100.0 546

Fourth 95.2 396 1.7 93.4 2.0 2.9 100.0 383

Highest 94.2 172 0.0 87.6 4.0 8.4 100.0 162

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 9 Table NU.6: Children's vitamin A supplementation Percent distribution of children aged 6-59 months by whether they have received a high dose vitamin A supplement in the last 6 months, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of children who received Number of Not sure if Never children Within last Prior to last Not sure received received Total aged 6-59 6 months* 6 months when vitamin A vitamin A months

Punjab 79.4 4.8 5.4 0.9 9.5 100.0 62,613

District Khanewal 87.1 2.7 0.5 0.3 9.4 100.0 1,877

Tehsil Khanewal 86.6 3.0 1.6 0.2 8.6 100.0 516 Kabirwala 87.0 2.5 0.2 0.5 9.8 100.0 611 Mian Channu 88.1 3.1 0.0 0.2 8.7 100.0 540 Jahanian 86.6 1.1 0.0 0.4 11.9 100.0 210

Area of residence Rural 86.3 3.2 0.2 0.3 10.0 100.0 1,576 All Urban 91.5 0.0 2.2 0.2 6.0 100.0 301 Other Urban 91.5 0.0 2.2 0.2 6.0 100.0 301

Gender Male 86.2 2.8 0.7 0.1 10.2 100.0 955 Female 88.1 2.5 0.3 0.5 8.5 100.0 922

Age 6-11 months 28.3 0.0 0.8 2.2 68.7 100.0 210 12-23 months 93.7 1.8 0.8 0.2 3.5 100.0 371 24-35 months 94.9 3.5 0.4 0.0 1.2 100.0 429 36-47 months 96.2 2.4 0.4 0.0 1.0 100.0 448 48-59 months 93.4 4.3 0.4 0.0 1.9 100.0 408 Missing/Inconsistent 85.7 8.2 0.0 0.0 6.1 100.0 10

Mother's Education None 86.8 3.0 0.4 0.2 9.6 100.0 1,306 Primary 85.8 2.3 0.6 0.9 10.4 100.0 273 Middle 90.0 2.0 0.9 0.0 7.1 100.0 108 Secondary 88.2 1.3 1.5 0.0 9.0 100.0 114 Higher 92.8 1.0 0.8 0.0 5.5 100.0 77

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 85.4 3.3 0.5 0.4 10.4 100.0 650 Second 87.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 10.0 100.0 470 Middle 87.8 2.6 0.4 0.5 8.7 100.0 372 Fourth 87.7 3.6 1.5 0.2 6.9 100.0 261 Highest 91.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 100.0 124

10 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.4: Oral rehydration treatment Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with diarrhoea in the last two weeks and treatment with oral rehydration solution (ORS) or other oral rehydration treatment (ORT), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with diarrhoea who received: Number of Had Number of children aged diarrhoea children Recommended Pre- ORT 0-59 months in last two aged 0-59 No NIMKOL homemade packaged Use with weeks months treatment fluid ORS fluid Rate * diarrhoea

Punjab 7.8 70,226 22.5 10.1 21.6 53.0 47.0 5,445

District Khanewal 4.5 2,093 30.4 14.9 29.9 33.2 66.8 95

Tehsil Khanewal 8.2 575 17.4 9.6 34.6 38.4 61.6 47 Kabirwala 3.6 680 44.4 33.6 26.3 22.0 78.0 24 Mian Channu 3.0 605 40.6 3.2 25.0 31.2 68.8 18 Jahanian 2.1 234 47.9 15.0 20.5 46.6 53.4 5

Area of residence Rural 3.1 1,750 37.1 11.7 30.6 25.6 74.4 55 All Urban 11.6 343 21.2 19.2 28.9 43.7 56.3 40 Other Urban 11.6 343 21.2 19.2 28.9 43.7 56.3 40

Gender Male 5.4 1,060 31.9 18.9 27.5 31.9 68.1 57 Female 3.7 1,033 28.2 8.9 33.4 35.2 64.8 38

Age < 6 months 5.2 217 0.0 13.7 37.0 56.9 43.1 11 6-11 months 9.0 210 35.4 7.4 23.7 39.6 60.4 19 12-23 months 5.0 371 34.7 8.1 36.8 22.8 77.2 18 24-35 months 4.8 429 36.9 4.6 32.0 35.8 64.2 21 36-47 months 3.0 448 30.8 40.8 14.2 23.8 76.2 13 48-59 months 3.1 408 32.8 26.5 35.6 23.2 76.8 13 Missing/Inconsisten 0.0 10 . . . . . 0

Mother's Education None 4.0 1,444 30.5 17.4 35.4 25.2 74.8 58 Primary 7.9 315 32.9 15.9 19.8 43.3 56.7 25 Middle 2.2 123 64.9 0.0 0.0 35.1 64.9 3 Secondary 3.7 127 0.0 0.0 35.6 64.4 35.6 5 Higher 5.1 85 26.8 0.0 25.4 47.8 52.2 4

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.9 721 26.3 16.9 29.7 36.9 63.1 28 Second 5.3 520 42.4 20.0 29.3 14.9 85.1 27 Middle 5.1 428 21.1 8.9 32.8 39.9 60.1 22 Fourth 3.8 291 36.8 12.5 39.3 25.9 74.1 11 Highest 5.1 134 18.7 8.4 8.4 81.3 18.7 7

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 11 Table CH.5: Home management of diarrhoea Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with diarrhoea in the last two weeks who took increased fluids and continued to feed during the episode, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with diarrhoea who: Received Number of Had Number Ate Home ORT or children Ate diarrhoea of children Drank somewh manage- increased aged 0-59 Drank much in last two aged 0-59 the same at less, ment of fluids AND months more less or weeks months or less same or diarrhoea* continued with none more feeding** diarrhoea

Punjab 7.8 70,226 25.3 69.4 47.8 46.6 15.2 29.5 5,445

District Khanewal 4.5 2,093 20.5 70.9 47.4 41.7 9.3 40.4 95

Tehsil Khanewal 8.2 575 19.2 69.7 55.2 33.9 14.3 46.9 47 Kabirwala 3.6 680 25.7 62.4 37.8 62.2 5.7 28.2 24 Mian Channu 3.0 605 16.7 83.3 44.2 38.2 4.0 44.2 18 Jahanian 2.1 234 22.2 77.8 31.3 28.1 0.0 25.4 5

Area of residence Rural 3.1 1,750 19.4 71.1 46.4 45.5 7.8 40.5 55 All Urban 11.6 343 22.1 70.6 48.7 36.5 11.4 40.4 40 Other Urban 11.6 343 22.1 70.6 48.7 36.5 11.4 40.4 40

Gender Male 5.4 1,060 26.0 69.2 43.2 42.9 8.4 37.7 57 Female 3.7 1,033 12.2 73.4 53.6 40.0 10.7 44.6 38

Age 0-11 months 7.0 427 13.0 79.1 41.0 49.0 2.9 24.9 30 12-23 months 5.0 371 29.3 65.6 41.0 44.4 8.5 41.0 18 24-35 months 4.8 429 23.9 57.8 53.2 29.5 19.6 49.8 21 36-47 months 3.0 448 25.0 75.0 46.4 53.6 5.2 40.9 13 48-59 months 3.1 408 15.3 75.9 63.4 27.9 13.5 61.0 13 Missing/Inconsisten 0.0 10 ...... 0

Mother's Education None 4.0 1,444 19.9 69.8 41.2 52.4 5.9 39.7 58 Primary 7.9 315 15.4 75.8 58.2 20.4 15.4 42.4 25 Middle 2.2 123 39.0 61.0 35.1 64.9 0.0 0.0 3 Secondary 3.7 127 64.2 35.8 51.6 33.7 34.1 51.6 5 Higher 5.1 85 0.0 100.0 70.9 15.2 0.0 52.2 4

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.9 721 22.4 59.6 37.4 52.9 12.3 37.4 28 Second 5.3 520 26.8 73.2 51.4 46.0 5.7 48.5 27 Middle 5.1 428 3.9 81.6 49.5 24.4 3.9 35.7 22 Fourth 3.8 291 12.9 87.1 49.4 45.1 7.6 42.8 11 Highest 5.1 134 52.3 47.7 61.6 28.4 31.9 31.9 7

12 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.6: Care seeking for suspected pneumonia Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with suspected pneumonia in the last two weeks taken to a health provider, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with suspected pneumonia who were taken to: Number of Public sources Private sources Other source Number of children aged Had acute Any children 0-59 months respiratory Govt. Rural Private Other Traditional appropriate aged 0-59 Govt. Dis- Other Private Dispensar/ Mobile Relative Homeo- with infection health health hospital private practitioner Other provider * months hospital pensary public physician compounder clinic or friend path suspected medical (Hakeem) centre center clinic pneumonia

Punjab 7.2 70,226 17.0 1.7 2.5 2.7 0.6 10.1 42.6 20.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 70.3 5,022

District Khanewal 3.6 2,093 11.7 0.8 4.7 1.2 3.3 7.3 55.3 8.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.0 4.4 0.0 80.4 74

Tehsil Khanewal 5.2 575 14.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 3.7 6.2 56.7 5.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.4 8.9 0.0 79.1 30 Kabirwala 3.7 680 12.6 0.0 9.4 2.5 5.5 9.8 54.4 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 89.4 25 ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Mian Channu 2.5 605 0.0 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.4 26.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 67.0 15 Jahanian 1.8 234 27.7 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.0 25.8 39.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 0.0 0.0 86.4 4

Area of residence Rural 2.9 1,750 12.1 1.2 6.9 1.2 0.0 5.3 48.5 10.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.5 5.3 0.0 74.1 50 All Urban 7.1 343 11.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 10.2 11.2 69.4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 93.5 24 Other Urban 7.1 343 11.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 10.2 11.2 69.4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 93.5 24

Gender Male 4.1 1,060 9.8 0.0 6.2 0.6 1.6 6.0 57.6 10.7 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.5 3.4 0.0 79.2 43 Female 3.0 1,033 14.4 2.0 2.5 2.0 5.8 9.1 52.1 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 5.7 0.0 82.2 31

Age 0-11 months 3.7 427 15.4 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 9.3 0.0 89.9 16 12-23 months 3.1 371 14.9 0.0 6.6 7.8 0.0 15.6 50.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.2 11 24-35 months 4.1 429 9.6 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 9.9 45.9 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 5.1 0.0 70.1 18 36-47 months 3.8 448 17.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 40.5 18.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 5.3 0.0 68.4 17 48-59 months 2.7 408 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0 16.3 17.0 62.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.0 11 Missing/Inconsistent 14.7 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Mother's Education None 3.4 1,444 10.4 1.2 7.0 1.8 0.0 8.1 54.3 8.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.5 1.2 0.0 79.8 49 Primary 5.5 315 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 6.4 61.3 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 0.0 89.8 17 Middle 2.0 123 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.1 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.1 2 Secondary 4.1 127 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.2 0.0 66.3 5 Higher 0.0 85 ...... 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.1 721 9.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.8 12.5 0.0 0.0 3.9 7.4 0.0 0.0 68.0 22 Second 4.4 520 6.5 2.7 8.5 0.0 6.1 11.8 52.7 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.6 0.0 85.7 23 Middle 2.7 428 36.1 0.0 0.0 7.8 9.7 9.7 48.8 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.6 11 Fourth 4.7 291 8.3 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 71.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.8 14 13 Highest 3.2 134 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 32.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.6 0.0 38.4 4 Table CH.7A: Knowledge of the two danger signs of pneumonia Percentage of mothers/caretakers of children aged 0-59 months by knowledge of types of symptoms for taking a child immediately to a health facility, and percentage of mothers/caretakers who recognize fast and difficult breathing as signs for seeking care immediately, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of mothers/caretakers of children aged 0-59 months who think that a child Mothers/ Number of should be taken immediately to a health facility if the child: caretakers mothers/ who caretakers of Has Has Has recognize the Is not able to Has Is children Becomes Develops fast difficult other two danger drink or blood in drinking aged 0-59 sicker a fever breath- breath- symp- signs of breastfeed stool poorly months ing ing toms pneumonia*

Punjab 29.7 66.1 72.4 25.1 23.9 15.3 30.8 1.5 10.1 70,226

District Khanewal 42.3 66.7 61.4 16.8 16.5 18.2 32.6 0.2 4.9 2,093

Tehsil Khanewal 46.5 58.4 53.6 19.4 19.4 13.9 35.8 0.3 7.3 575 Kabirwala 40.4 72.4 63.6 13.1 9.8 14.2 31.8 0.1 2.3 680 Mian Channu 36.4 72.3 65.8 15.8 16.9 21.3 31.6 0.1 4.4 605 Jahanian 52.4 55.5 62.4 24.0 27.6 32.8 29.6 0.3 8.4 234

Area of residence Rural 40.3 67.9 63.5 16.8 16.4 20.6 30.5 0.2 4.5 1,750 All Urban 52.2 60.4 50.5 17.0 17.3 6.1 43.3 0.2 7.1 343 Other Urban 52.2 60.4 50.5 17.0 17.3 6.1 43.3 0.2 7.1 343

Mother's Education None 39.5 68.2 61.6 15.5 15.8 18.6 30.6 0.2 3.7 1,444 Primary 44.2 62.7 57.7 18.6 21.3 19.7 36.4 0.4 8.4 315 Middle 52.1 64.2 60.3 28.7 12.4 15.3 41.5 0.0 7.7 123 Secondary 51.2 58.9 66.6 16.8 15.3 17.9 33.8 0.0 6.9 127 Higher 55.5 69.7 64.6 15.7 18.3 12.3 38.0 0.0 6.8 85

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 35.8 71.5 62.0 15.8 13.2 16.2 32.8 0.2 2.4 721 Second 43.2 66.6 62.8 16.3 21.2 21.0 31.1 0.2 5.7 520 Middle 47.5 58.2 57.3 19.3 18.9 22.0 29.6 0.0 7.8 428 Fourth 41.6 66.8 63.8 14.9 13.1 16.6 35.7 0.3 4.9 291 Highest 58.5 67.5 60.3 21.2 15.8 9.9 40.1 0.4 6.6 134

14 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.8: Solid fuel use Percent distribution of households according to type of cooking fuel, and percentage of households using solid fuels for cooking, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of households using:

Liquid Straw/ Solid fuels Number of Coal/ Animal Agricultural Other/ Electricity Propane Gas Natural gas Biogas Kerosene Wood shrubs/ Total for cooking* households Charcoal dung crop residue missing (LPG) grass

Punjab 0.1 4.2 24.9 0.1 0.0 0.6 54.3 3.6 12.0 0.2 0.1 100.0 70.6 91,075

District Khanewal 0.3 1.2 16.3 0.2 - 0.8 74.1 6.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 82.0 2,599

Tehsil Khanewal 0.6 1.4 19.6 0.4 - 1.1 74.3 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 78.1 675

ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Kabirwala 0.3 0.9 17.9 0.0 - 1.1 66.5 12.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 80.9 858 Mian Channu 0.3 1.4 12.5 0.3 - 0.4 80.7 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 100.0 85.4 754 Jahanian 0.0 1.2 13.9 0.0 - 0.3 78.5 5.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 84.9 312

Area of residence Rural 0.1 0.9 4.6 0.0 - 0.9 84.9 8.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 94.3 2,115 All Urban 1.1 2.6 67.4 0.8 - 0.3 27.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 28.2 485 Other Urban 1.1 2.6 67.4 0.8 - 0.3 27.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 28.2 485

Mother's Education None 0.2 0.2 9.0 0.1 - 0.8 79.1 9.8 0.8 0.1 0.0 100.0 90.5 1,212 Primary 0.5 0.9 14.8 0.3 - 0.9 77.2 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 100.0 83.3 446 Middle 0.0 1.6 20.8 0.0 - 1.2 72.4 3.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 77.6 295 Secondary 0.6 2.0 27.5 0.3 - 0.2 65.4 3.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 69.6 431 Higher 0.6 5.4 31.8 0.0 - 1.2 59.4 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 62.2 213 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 34.6 0.0 - 0.0 65.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 65.4 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 1.2 87.4 10.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 100.0 99.7 879 Second 0.3 0.0 4.1 0.0 - 1.0 85.2 8.2 1.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 95.6 600 Middle 0.3 0.5 15.6 0.3 - 0.1 78.0 5.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 83.3 553 Fourth 1.2 4.7 42.9 0.4 - 0.7 49.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 50.9 396 Highest 0.0 5.6 82.5 0.9 - 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 11.1 172 15 BLANK

16 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.1: Use of improved water sources Percent distribution of household population according to main source of drinking water and percentage of household population using improved drinking water sources, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Main source of drinking water

Improved sources Unimproved sources

Protected: Unprotected: Piped Protected Improved Piped well outside well within or Tanker/ Number of into Public tap/ Hand Donkey well Tubewell/ Bottled/ Surface Bottled/ can Other/ source of into dwelling/ outside Cart with Total household yard or standpipe Pump Pump within turbine can water water water Missing drinking dwelling spring, dwelling/ smakk tank members plot dwelling water* rainwater unprotected

Punjab 16.5 0.4 2.9 31.6 39.4 0.8 3.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.4 100.0 96.8 592,843

District Khanewal 1.4 0.0 1.8 40.9 54.3 0.1 0.1 - 0.0 - - - 0.1 1.2 100.0 98.7 17,180

ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Tehsil Khanewal 2.9 0.1 2.6 31.7 61.0 0.2 0.1 - 0.1 - - - 0.3 1.1 100.0 98.6 4,631 Kabirwala 0.7 0.0 2.1 56.0 40.3 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.9 100.0 99.1 5,551 Mian Channu 0.8 0.0 1.1 37.4 58.6 0.1 0.0 - 0.1 - - - 0.1 1.8 100.0 98.1 4,960 Jahanian 1.7 0.0 0.7 29.3 66.7 0.5 0.2 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.8 100.0 99.1 2,038

Area of residence Rural 0.2 0.0 1.9 46.8 49.6 0.2 0.1 - 0.0 - - - 0.2 1.1 100.0 98.8 13,965 All Urban 6.6 0.1 1.3 15.4 74.9 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 1.6 100.0 98.4 3,215 Other Urban 6.6 0.1 1.3 15.4 74.9 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 1.6 100.0 98.4 3,215 Rural 0.2 0.0 1.9 46.8 49.6 0.2 0.1 - 0.0 - - - 0.2 1.1 100.0 98.8 13,965

Education of head of household None 1.5 0.0 2.6 56.3 37.8 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 - - - 0.1 1.5 100.0 98.4 8,022 Primary 1.1 0.0 2.0 35.1 59.5 0.3 0.3 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 1.6 100.0 98.4 3,059 Middle 1.3 0.0 1.1 28.8 68.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.8 100.0 99.2 1,952 Secondary 1.4 0.0 0.5 24.9 72.6 0.3 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.4 100.0 99.6 2,798 Higher 2.0 0.3 0.2 12.2 83.6 0.3 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.7 0.8 100.0 98.5 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.1 0.0 3.9 89.8 3.5 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.1 2.6 100.0 97.3 5,377 Second 1.0 0.0 1.9 45.9 49.9 0.0 0.2 - 0.2 - - - 0.0 0.9 100.0 99.1 4,036 Middle 1.5 0.0 0.3 7.4 90.4 0.2 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.1 0.2 100.0 99.7 3,828 Fourth 3.9 0.2 0.1 2.1 92.2 0.5 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.3 0.6 100.0 99.1 2,736 Highest 3.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 94.6 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.7 100.0 99.3 1,203 17 18

Table EN.2: Household water treatment Percent distribution of household population according to drinking water treatment method used in the household, and percentage of household population that applied an appropriate water treatment method, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Improved drinking water Unimproved drinking water Water treatment method used in the household All drinking water sources

ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS sources sources

Add bleach/ Appropriate Number of Appropriate Number of Appropriate Number of Strain through Use water Let it stand None Boil chlorine or Solar Other/ DK water treatment household water treatment household water treatment household a cloth filter and settle disinfection method* members method members method members

Punjab 93.8 2.8 0.0 0.2 2.0 1.0 0.1 4.8 592,843 4.9 573,930 2.6 18,913

District Khanewal 96.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.9 0.1 1.0 17,180 1.1 16,954 0.0 226

Tehsil Khanewal 94.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 4.0 0.0 1.7 4,631 1.7 4,567 0.0 64 Kabirwala 98.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 5,551 0.0 5,502 0.0 50 Mian Channu 97.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.4 4,960 1.4 4,866 0.0 94 Jahanian 97.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.5 2,038 1.5 2,020 0.0 18

Area of residence Rural 98.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.4 13,965 0.4 13,791 0.0 174 All Urban 89.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.3 6.1 0.0 4.0 3,215 4.1 3,163 0.0 52 Other Urban 89.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.3 6.1 0.0 4.0 3,215 4.1 3,163 0.0 52

Education of head of household None 98.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 8,022 0.0 7,890 0.0 132 Primary 97.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.1 3,059 0.1 3,011 0.0 49 Middle 96.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.9 0.0 1.5 1,952 1.5 1,937 0.0 16 Secondary 93.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.1 0.3 3.4 2,798 3.5 2,787 0.0 10 Higher 91.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.9 0.4 3.8 1,327 3.9 1,307 0.0 19 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 . 0 Missing/DK 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 21 . 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 99.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5,377 0.0 5,232 0.0 145 Second 98.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.2 0.0 4,036 0.0 4,000 0.0 35 Middle 97.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.5 3,828 0.5 3,817 0.0 11 Fourth 94.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 1.2 2,736 1.2 2,710 0.0 26 Highest 83.3 4.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 5.7 0.0 10.6 1,203 10.7 1,194 0.0 9 Table EN.3:EN.3: PhysicalPhysical access access to to source source of of water water Percent distribution of households according to time to go to source of drinking water, get water and return, and mean time to source of drinking water,MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Time to source of drinking water Mean time Number 30 minutes to source of Water on Less than 30 1 hour Don't of house- to less than Total drinking premises minutes or more know holds 1 hour water*

Punjab 92.3 5.1 1.6 0.8 0.2 100.0 22.6 91,075

District Khanewal 96.6 2.8 0.2 - 0.4 100.0 10.2 2,599

Tehsil Khanewal 96.0 3.2 0.1 - 0.6 100.0 9.0 675 Kabirwala 97.0 2.6 0.1 - 0.3 100.0 10.7 858 Mian Channu 96.3 3.1 0.2 - 0.4 100.0 10.4 754 Jahanian 97.2 2.2 0.2 - 0.4 100.0 11.3 312

Area of residence Rural 96.5 3.1 0.2 - 0.2 100.0 10.6 2,115 All Urban 96.7 1.8 0.1 - 1.3 100.0 7.3 485 Other Urban 96.7 1.8 0.1 - 1.3 100.0 7.3 485

Education of head of household None 95.3 4.1 0.1 - 0.4 100.0 10.1 1,212 Primary 95.5 3.3 0.4 - 0.8 100.0 10.1 446 Middle 98.2 1.8 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 9.1 295 Secondary 99.3 0.5 0.0 - 0.2 100.0 8.1 431 Higher 98.0 0.7 0.4 - 0.9 100.0 17.6 213 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 . 0 Missing/DK 100.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 . 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 92.6 6.5 0.3 - 0.5 100.0 10.3 879 Second 97.4 2.0 0.0 - 0.7 100.0 9.4 600 Middle 99.6 0.3 0.1 - 0.0 100.0 13.4 553 Fourth 98.6 0.7 0.2 - 0.5 100.0 9.5 396 Highest 99.6 0.0 0.0 - 0.4 100.0 . 172

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 19 Table EN.3A: Bacteria water testing Percent distribution of household according to bacteria water testing, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of households were:

Percent of Number of households in Number of Bacteria was Bacteria was households in Total which water was households present not present which water tested was tested

Punjab 91.4 91,075 48.7 51.3 100.0 83,222

District Khanewal 94.3 2,599 40.2 59.8 100.0 2,452

Tehsil

Khanewal 91.8 675 30.9 69.1 100.0 620

Kabirwala 95.5 858 43.8 56.2 100.0 820

Mian Channu 94.8 754 37.3 62.7 100.0 715

Jahanian 95.4 312 56.5 43.5 100.0 298

Area of residence

Rural 93.6 2,115 46.3 53.7 100.0 1,978

All Urban 97.7 485 14.6 85.4 100.0 474

Other Urban 97.7 485 14.6 85.4 100.0 474

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 92.7 879 40.7 59.3 100.0 814

Second 93.1 600 43.4 56.6 100.0 559

Middle 96.1 553 45.9 54.1 100.0 531

Fourth 96.4 396 35.0 65.0 100.0 382

Highest 96.7 172 20.9 79.1 100.0 166

20 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.5: Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal

Percent distribution of household population according to type of toilet facility used by the household, and the percentage of household population using sanitary means of excreta disposal, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Type of toilet facility used by household Improved sanitation facility Unimproved sanitation facility Percentage of Number of Flush/pour flush to: population using Ventilated Public/ No facilities Total household Piped Pit latrine Uncovered sanitary means of Septic improved communal Bucket or bush or Other Missing members sewer Pit latrine with slab pit excreta disposal* tank pit latrine latrine field system

Punjab 20.9 36.5 9.6 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 29.4 0.5 0.3 100.0 69.5 592,843

District Khanewal 7.2 34.5 19.2 1.6 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 35.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 64.0 17,180

Tehsil ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Khanewal 9.1 40.9 18.4 1.8 3.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 24.8 0.5 0.4 100.0 73.6 4,631 Kabirwala 4.4 26.3 16.4 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 49.2 0.2 0.1 100.0 49.9 5,551 Mian Channu 8.2 33.8 23.0 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 32.2 0.1 0.0 100.0 67.4 4,960 Jahanian 8.3 43.5 19.2 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 26.4 0.0 0.5 100.0 72.8 2,038

Area of residence Rural 2.0 31.8 20.8 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 42.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 57.3 13,965 All Urban 29.6 45.8 12.0 3.2 2.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 3.9 0.7 0.5 100.0 93.5 3,215 Other Urban 29.6 45.8 12.0 3.2 2.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 3.9 0.7 0.5 100.0 93.5 3,215

Education of head of household None 4.1 22.2 16.8 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.1 52.4 0.4 0.2 100.0 46.0 8,022 Primary 8.6 37.6 19.0 2.1 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 30.1 0.0 0.2 100.0 69.6 3,059 Middle 7.9 43.7 24.2 2.3 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 20.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 79.5 1,952 Secondary 11.4 50.9 21.5 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 13.1 0.0 0.2 100.0 86.7 2,798 Higher 12.7 52.0 21.7 2.6 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.3 100.0 89.4 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.4 4.5 7.2 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 84.4 0.3 0.3 100.0 14.2 5,377 Second 2.4 34.0 26.0 2.6 2.7 0.1 0.8 0.2 31.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 67.7 4,036 Middle 5.2 53.2 32.6 2.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 5.4 0.3 0.0 100.0 93.9 3,828 Fourth 17.7 60.1 18.4 1.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 100.0 99.1 2,736 Highest 36.3 52.3 9.1 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 100.0 99.7 1,203 21 Table EN.7: Use of improved water sources and improved sanitation Percentage of household population using both improved drinking water sources and sanitary means of excreta disposal, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of household population:

Using improved sources Using improved Using sanitary Number of of drinking water and sources of drinking means of excreta household using sanitary means of water* disposal** members excreta disposal***

Punjab 96.8 69.5 67.5 592,843

District Khanewal 98.7 64.0 63.7 17,180

Tehsil Khanewal 98.6 73.6 73.3 4,631 Kabirwala 99.1 49.9 49.7 5,551 Mian Channu 98.1 67.4 66.7 4,960 Jahanian 99.1 72.8 72.8 2,038

Area of residence Rural 98.8 57.3 57.1 13,965 All Urban 98.4 93.5 92.6 3,215 Other Urban 98.4 93.5 92.6 3,215

Education of head of household None 98.4 46.0 45.8 8,022 Primary 98.4 69.6 69.4 3,059 Middle 99.2 79.5 79.1 1,952 Secondary 99.6 86.7 86.5 2,798 Higher 98.5 89.4 88.2 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 100.0 100.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 97.3 14.2 14.2 5,377 Second 99.1 67.7 67.2 4,036 Middle 99.7 93.9 93.7 3,828 Fourth 99.1 99.1 98.4 2,736 Highest 99.3 99.7 99.3 1,203

22 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.11A: Disposal of waste water Percent distribution of household population according to disposal of waste water, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Waste water disposal Sewerage Sewerage Open Proper Pit in or No Number of connected connected Septic street or disposal outside response/ households with main with open tank open of waste house DK line drain fields water

Punjab 19.3 30.2 7.4 10.9 32.1 0.1 56.8 592,843

District Khanewal 6.3 9.1 26.6 18.3 39.6 0.1 41.7 17,180

Tehsil

Khanewal 6.9 10.1 35.1 22.5 25.3 0.1 51.5 4,631 Kabirwala 3.6 9.1 14.8 15.0 57.4 0.1 27.2 5,551 Mian Channu 7.6 11.1 29.0 15.1 37.1 0.1 47.5 4,960 Jahanian 8.7 2.5 33.5 25.5 29.8 0.0 44.4 2,038

Area of residence

Rural 1.5 7.9 23.7 19.6 47.3 0.1 32.7 13,965 All Urban 27.1 14.7 39.3 12.7 6.1 0.1 80.5 3,215 Other Urban 27.1 14.7 39.3 12.7 6.1 0.1 80.5 3,215

Education of head of household

None 3.3 7.6 17.1 18.1 53.8 0.2 27.7 8,022 Primary 6.8 7.2 30.3 21.5 34.3 0.0 43.7 3,059 Middle 7.3 11.9 34.4 18.1 28.3 0.0 53.5 1,952 Secondary 10.6 12.6 38.0 14.9 23.9 0.0 61.1 2,798 Higher 12.5 11.5 38.9 20.3 16.8 0.0 62.7 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 63.0 0.0 37.0 0.0 63.0 21

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.2 3.0 3.6 14.8 78.2 0.2 6.7 5,377 Second 2.1 9.3 26.8 21.8 39.8 0.1 38.1 4,036 Middle 3.8 11.4 42.5 23.9 18.3 0.0 57.7 3,828 Fourth 16.3 14.8 41.7 17.3 9.9 0.0 72.7 2,736 Highest 32.0 15.4 41.8 6.0 4.8 0.0 89.0 1,203

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 23 Table EN.11B: Disposal of solid waste

Percent distribution of household population according to disposal of solid waste, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Solid waste disposal

Private Collected Disposed of Proper company No Number of by any by solid waste In open In open disposal of vechicle response/ house-holds municipal management streets fields solidsolid wastewater collects from DK institution deptt home

Punjab 7.8 1.8 4.5 7.7 78.1 0.1 14.1 592,843

District Khanewal 5.3 0.7 0.3 19.2 74.4 0.1 6.3 17,180

Tehsil

Khanewal 7.3 2.0 0.4 23.2 67.0 0.0 9.7 4,631 Kabirwala 2.3 0.1 0.0 14.2 83.3 0.1 2.4 5,551 Mian Channu 6.9 0.4 0.1 19.8 72.6 0.1 7.4 4,960 Jahanian 4.7 0.4 1.3 22.3 71.4 0.0 6.3 2,038

Area of residence

Rural 0.0 0.0 0.2 17.7 82.0 0.1 0.2 13,965 All Urban 28.2 3.9 0.6 25.9 41.4 0.0 32.5 3,215 Other Urban 28.2 3.9 0.6 25.9 41.4 0.0 32.5 3,215

Education of head of household

None 2.0 0.1 0.1 17.9 79.8 0.1 2.3 8,022 Primary 6.3 0.5 0.0 19.3 73.9 0.0 6.8 3,059 Middle 6.1 1.8 0.5 20.1 71.3 0.3 8.3 1,952 Secondary 8.8 1.5 0.8 20.3 68.6 0.0 11.1 2,798 Higher 13.9 1.8 0.5 22.9 60.9 0.0 16.1 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 21

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.5 86.3 0.1 0.1 5,377 Second 0.9 0.1 0.3 16.0 82.6 0.1 1.3 4,036 Middle 3.5 0.4 0.1 23.2 72.8 0.0 4.0 3,828 Fourth 12.3 2.5 0.8 25.9 58.6 0.0 15.5 2,736 Highest 32.4 3.1 1.3 27.6 35.6 0.0 36.7 1,203

24 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.12A: Hands washing before meal Percent distribution of household population according to hands washing before meal, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Hand washing before meal Number All Some Some No Adequate All with of house- without with without No one response/ washing soap holds soap soap soap DK

Punjab 44.5 12.2 31.1 6.8 5.4 0.0 56.5 592,843

District Khanewal 38.3 11.0 34.0 13.1 3.6 0.0 49.2 17,180

Tehsil Khanewal 32.1 7.7 42.6 15.2 2.3 0.0 39.6 4,631 Kabirwala 34.0 11.7 35.7 14.0 4.6 0.0 45.7 5,551 Mian Channu 48.6 14.2 22.5 10.2 4.5 0.0 62.7 4,960 Jahanian 38.6 9.1 37.8 13.0 1.5 0.0 47.4 2,038

Area of residence Rural 33.4 12.4 35.8 14.4 4.1 0.0 45.7 13,965 All Urban 59.9 5.2 26.1 7.6 1.2 0.0 64.5 3,215 Other Urban 59.9 5.2 26.1 7.6 1.2 0.0 64.5 3,215

Education of head of household None 25.6 14.3 38.1 16.7 5.3 0.0 39.9 8,022 Primary 37.1 11.2 38.1 10.2 3.4 0.0 48.1 3,059 Middle 49.6 7.5 27.3 12.3 3.3 0.0 57.1 1,952 Secondary 56.5 5.9 28.8 8.1 0.6 0.0 62.3 2,798 Higher 63.1 6.0 20.3 10.2 0.5 0.0 68.3 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 63.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 16.8 18.6 39.4 16.6 8.5 0.0 35.4 5,377 Second 29.3 11.2 40.8 15.4 3.3 0.0 40.3 4,036 Middle 44.3 7.3 34.6 13.2 0.6 0.0 51.5 3,828 Fourth 64.2 5.9 23.3 6.7 0.0 0.0 69.8 2,736 Highest 86.3 0.4 9.2 4.1 0.0 0.0 86.4 1,203

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 25 Table EN.12B: Hands washing after using latrine Percent distribution of household population according to hands washing after using latrine, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Hand washing after latrine All Some Some No Adequate Number of All with without with without No one response/ washing households soap soap soap soap DK

Punjab 57.8 8.2 25.4 6.2 2.4 0.1 65.9 592,843

District Khanewal 42.1 9.3 34.5 12.2 1.9 0.0 51.3 17,180

Tehsil Khanewal 35.9 5.0 42.8 14.7 1.5 0.0 40.7 4,631 Kabirwala 38.3 8.0 38.1 13.0 2.6 0.0 46.2 5,551 Mian Channu 50.9 15.9 23.0 8.3 1.9 0.0 66.7 4,960 Jahanian 45.3 6.6 34.3 13.2 0.6 0.0 51.6 2,038

Area of residence Rural 37.3 10.4 36.9 13.2 2.2 0.0 47.7 13,965 All Urban 63.1 4.6 24.4 7.7 0.2 0.0 67.0 3,215 Other Urban 63.1 4.6 24.4 7.7 0.2 0.0 67.0 3,215

Education of head of household None 29.0 12.4 40.0 15.6 3.0 0.0 41.3 8,022 Primary 40.7 9.5 38.0 10.8 1.1 0.0 50.0 3,059 Middle 54.8 5.7 30.2 8.2 1.0 0.0 60.5 1,952 Secondary 59.6 4.7 27.0 7.9 0.8 0.0 64.2 2,798 Higher 69.9 4.3 15.9 9.4 0.5 0.0 73.4 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 63.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 18.9 18.3 42.5 15.5 4.8 0.0 37.0 5,377 Second 32.6 8.9 42.7 14.6 1.1 0.0 41.4 4,036 Middle 50.5 4.3 32.7 12.1 0.4 0.0 54.7 3,828 Fourth 70.3 3.5 20.8 5.4 0.0 0.0 73.6 2,736 Highest 86.8 0.0 9.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 86.6 1,203

26 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table RH.1: Use of contraception

Percentage of women aged 15-49 years currently married who are using (or whose partner is using) a contraceptive method, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Percent of women (currently married) who are using: Number of Not using women any Any Any Foam/ Periodic With- Any currently method Female Male LAM Other Total modern traditional Pill IUD Injections Condom jelly abstinence drawal method *married sterilization sterilization method method

Punjab 67.8 7.7 0.1 2.4 3.7 2.5 8.6 0.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 0.2 100.0 25.1 7.1 32.2 83,389

District Khanewal 75.8 10.2 0.1 1.9 2.9 1.4 3.3 0.8 2.8 0.6 0.3 100.0 19.7 4.4 24.2 2,408

Tehsil Khanewal 71.8 12.8 0.0 2.5 2.7 1.5 4.4 0.5 3.0 0.3 0.5 100.0 24.0 4.2 28.2 637 Kabirwala 79.3 9.1 0.1 1.7 3.0 1.1 2.3 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.4 100.0 17.4 3.4 20.7 790 Mian Channu 77.7 9.1 0.1 1.2 2.7 1.3 2.7 1.0 3.7 0.4 0.0 100.0 17.2 5.1 22.3 687 Jahanian 70.8 9.9 0.1 2.5 3.4 2.2 4.8 0.7 4.1 1.5 0.0 100.0 22.8 6.4 29.2 294 Area of residence ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Rural 77.1 10.2 0.1 1.9 2.7 1.4 2.4 0.9 2.6 0.6 0.2 100.0 18.7 4.3 22.9 1,973 All Urban 70.2 10.0 0.1 2.0 3.7 1.3 7.4 0.6 3.8 0.4 0.6 100.0 24.5 5.3 29.8 435 Other Urban 70.2 10.0 0.1 2.0 3.7 1.3 7.4 0.6 3.8 0.4 0.6 100.0 24.5 5.3 29.8 435 Age 15-19 98.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 63 20-24 92.7 0.9 0.0 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 100.0 5.2 2.0 7.3 327 25-29 81.8 3.4 0.0 2.2 2.6 1.7 3.1 1.9 2.6 0.1 0.5 100.0 13.0 5.1 18.2 550 30-34 74.4 10.4 0.0 1.5 3.6 2.7 3.4 1.0 2.5 0.3 0.2 100.0 21.6 4.0 25.6 456 35-39 65.3 16.6 0.4 2.5 5.4 0.4 5.3 0.0 3.1 0.6 0.4 100.0 30.6 4.1 34.7 458 40-44 63.9 20.2 0.1 1.6 2.7 0.5 4.2 0.4 4.5 1.8 0.0 100.0 29.4 6.7 36.1 343 45-49 72.5 14.7 0.0 1.7 1.8 1.2 2.2 0.0 5.2 0.7 0.0 100.0 21.6 5.9 27.5 212 Number of living children 0 99.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 100.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 364 1-2 87.8 1.4 0.0 2.2 1.8 1.3 2.6 1.2 1.4 0.0 0.1 100.0 9.4 2.8 12.2 641 3-4 67.5 12.4 0.0 1.5 5.4 2.1 5.1 1.1 3.7 0.7 0.6 100.0 26.5 6.0 32.5 726 4+ 60.8 21.4 0.3 3.0 2.9 1.4 3.7 0.5 4.8 1.2 0.0 100.0 32.7 6.5 39.2 676 Missing 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 1 Mother's Education None 76.6 11.8 0.1 1.7 2.2 1.2 1.6 0.8 3.1 0.6 0.2 100.0 18.7 4.7 23.4 1,639 Primary 74.9 6.4 0.0 2.5 3.8 2.5 6.4 0.5 2.0 0.6 0.4 100.0 21.6 3.5 25.1 360 Middle 77.1 7.4 0.0 1.4 3.4 1.4 3.4 2.5 3.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 17.2 5.7 22.9 142 Secondary 73.8 7.4 0.0 3.4 3.9 0.9 7.3 1.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 22.8 3.4 26.2 150 Higher 67.4 6.8 0.0 0.9 7.6 1.0 12.0 0.0 2.0 1.3 1.0 100.0 28.2 4.3 32.6 114 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 Wealth index quintiles Lowest 81.2 9.6 0.1 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.2 2.0 0.2 0.5 100.0 15.0 3.9 18.8 756 Second 78.8 11.1 0.0 0.9 2.2 1.7 1.4 0.4 3.1 0.4 0.0 100.0 17.2 3.9 21.2 550 Middle 72.4 10.9 0.2 2.6 3.3 1.9 4.5 0.5 2.6 1.0 0.1 100.0 23.3 4.2 27.6 533 Fourth 70.0 9.0 0.1 2.6 5.1 1.2 5.4 1.0 4.7 0.7 0.3 100.0 23.3 6.8 30.0 382 Highest 67.0 10.3 0.0 2.9 4.3 0.7 10.7 0.8 2.2 0.8 0.4 100.0 28.9 4.2 33.0 186 27 28 Table RH.1A: Contraceptive drop out

0DUULHGZRPHQDJHG²\HDUVZKRXVHGFRQWUDFHSWLRQSUHYLRXVO\EXWGRQRWFXUUHQWO\3XQMDE0,&6²

Reason for discontinuing contraception Percentage of Number of women women ever used Number Want Contraceptive Woman/ No who ever used but ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS Religious Want a Terminated Side Total but are not currently of women another products too husband Menopause reason/ Missing are not currently reasons son temporarily effects using contraceptives child expensive is ill Other using contraceptives

Punjab 4.3 83,389 11.3 35.8 9.3 1.0 3.5 7.3 6.2 7.3 9.5 8.7 100.0 3,601

District Khanewal 1.6 2,408 9.0 28.2 7.2 8.5 - - - 9.1 14.9 23.0 100.0 39

Tehsil Khanewal 1.4 637 0.0 21.7 0.0 0.0 - - - 10.4 35.0 32.9 100.0 9 Kabirwala 2.4 790 17.6 34.8 7.6 16.6 - - - 11.1 4.7 7.8 100.0 19 Mian Channu 1.1 687 0.0 26.4 25.6 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 48.1 100.0 8 Jahanian 1.2 294 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 35.0 65.0 100.0 3

Area of residence Rural 1.0 1,973 7.7 27.9 9.0 0.0 - - - 7.7 0.0 47.7 100.0 19 All Urban 4.4 435 10.1 28.5 5.8 15.1 - - - 10.1 26.5 4.0 100.0 19 Other Urban 4.4 435 10.1 28.5 5.8 15.1 - - - 10.1 26.5 4.0 100.0 19

Number of living children 00.6364 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 2 1-2 1.6 641 2.8 20.3 0.0 0.0 - - - 3.4 2.4 1.1 30.0 10 3-4 1.8 726 0.0 7.9 3.3 0.0 - - - 2.8 5.7 13.9 33.6 13 4+ 2.0 676 3.3 0.0 3.9 8.5 - - - 2.8 6.9 8.0 33.5 13 Missing 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Mother's Education None 1.4 1,639 9.4 29.3 6.4 9.4 - - - 4.7 11.3 29.5 100.0 23 Primary 2.9 360 10.0 20.9 9.8 8.5 - - - 18.6 16.9 15.4 100.0 10 Middle 1.2 142 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2 Secondary 1.0 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Higher 1.9 114 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 2 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 1.3 756 0.0 49.4 18.4 13.4 - - - 0.0 0.0 18.8 100.0 10 Second 1.6 550 10.214.6 53.9 0.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 29.2 ------17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 56.2 100.0 100.0 7 9 FourthMiddle 1.9 1.3 382533 22.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 26.6 9.6 41.3 100.0 7 Highest 3.1 186 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 6 Table RH.2: Unwilling pregnancy Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-49 years currently married by desire to get pregnant, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Wanted to get pregnant? Percentage of Number of Did not want Now Later Missing un-willing pregnant more children pregnancy women

Punjab 67.0 21.2 4.3 7.6 25.5 9,272

District Khanewal 60.1 19.6 2.6 17.7 22.2 286

Tehsil Khanewal 51.8 28.3 2.7 17.2 31.0 71 Kabirwala 67.4 14.9 3.0 14.7 17.9 104 Mian Channu 59.3 17.1 1.1 22.6 18.2 82 Jahanian 56.9 22.4 4.9 15.8 27.3 30

Area of residence Rural 59.2 20.5 3.1 17.1 23.6 239 All Urban 64.8 14.9 0.0 20.4 14.9 47 Other Urban 64.8 14.9 0.0 20.4 14.9 47

Number of living children 0 78.2 6.0 0.0 15.8 6.0 83 1-2 61.5 20.9 0.9 16.7 21.8 111 3-4 45.0 27.9 5.8 21.3 33.7 62 4+ 37.2 34.9 9.2 18.8 44.0 31

Mother's Education None 58.0 22.0 3.1 16.9 25.1 186 Primary 60.5 24.6 1.6 13.4 26.1 43 Middle 75.7 5.7 0.0 18.6 5.7 24 Secondary 67.4 4.3 4.9 23.4 9.2 18 Higher 49.2 17.9 0.0 32.9 17.9 14 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 60.8 17.1 3.6 18.5 20.7 96 Second 59.5 23.8 2.5 14.3 26.2 89 Middle 58.0 22.8 0.0 19.2 22.8 45 Fourth 54.5 19.5 5.0 21.0 24.5 35 Highest 73.6 7.1 0.0 19.3 7.1 22

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 29 Table RH.3: AntenatalAntenatal carecare Provider 3HUVRQVSURYLGLQJDQWHQDWDOFDUHWRZRPHQDJHG±ZKRJDYHELUWKLQWKHSUHFHGLQJWZR\HDUV3XQMDE 0,&6±

Person providing antenatal care** Number of No Any Traditi- women who antena- skilled Lady Lady onal Total gave birth in Medical Nurse/m Relative/ Other/mi tal care perso- health health birth the preceding doctor idwife Friend ssing received nnel* visitor worker atten- two years dant

Punjab 41.2 6.6 4.9 0.8 26.4 0.4 2.3 17.4 100.0 52.7 29,696

District Khanewal 33.5 3.1 7.6 0.3 34.5 0.1 1.5 19.3 100 44.3 846

Tehsil Khanewal 38.3 5.5 5.3 0.4 27.3 0.0 1.0 22.2 100 49.1 228 Kabirwala 28.6 2.0 9.3 0.6 40.3 0.3 2.2 16.7 100 39.9 279 Mian Channu 34.6 1.9 7.2 0.0 38.8 0.0 1.3 16.3 100 43.6 243 Jahanian 33.8 4.2 9.1 0.0 24.3 0.0 0.9 27.7 100 47.1 95

Area of residence Rural 30.1 3.0 7.8 0.2 37.0 0.1 1.6 20.2 100 40.9 699 All Urban 49.8 3.9 6.8 0.6 23.0 0.0 1.0 14.9 100 60.5 147 Other Urban 49.8 3.9 6.8 0.6 23.0 0.0 1.0 14.9 100 60.5 147

Age 15-19 40.5 7.6 0.0 0.0 39.6 0.0 4.2 8.1 100 48.1 18 20-24 39.7 3.0 7.6 0.5 31.0 0.0 2.0 16.1 100 50.4 163 25-29 33.8 2.9 7.1 0.5 32.6 0.0 1.6 21.4 100 43.8 305 30-34 33.7 4.6 7.6 0.0 36.8 0.5 0.5 16.4 100 45.8 199 35-39 29.0 0.6 5.6 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.7 22.8 100 35.2 111 40-44 21.5 2.3 18.3 0.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 25.9 100 42.1 36 45-49 11.2 6.2 16.2 0.0 31.1 0.0 13.7 21.5 100 33.7 14

Mother's Education None 23.4 2.9 8.8 0.3 40.1 0.2 1.5 23.0 100 35.0 552 Primary 43.3 3.8 7.0 0.0 29.3 0.0 2.9 13.7 100 54.1 143 Middle 50.5 7.4 1.7 0.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 100 59.7 53 Secondary 59.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 26.4 0.0 0.0 11.3 100 62.3 59 Higher 78.8 3.6 8.2 2.4 2.5 0.0 0.0 4.6 100 90.6 38 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 17.8 2.1 8.2 0.2 42.2 0.3 1.9 27.1 100 28.2 280 Second 29.6 3.0 8.7 0.4 38.9 0.0 1.7 17.8 100 41.3 198 Middle 35.0 4.7 7.0 0.5 31.4 0.0 0.9 20.5 100 46.7 181 Fourth 53.0 4.8 6.4 0.0 25.8 0.0 1.2 8.9 100 64.2 129 Highest 75.7 0.0 5.3 0.0 11.5 0.0 1.3 6.2 100 81.0 57

30 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table RH.5: Assistance during delivery Percent distribution of women aged 15-49 with a birth in two years preceding the survey by type of personnel assisting at delivery, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Person assisting at delivery Number of Any Traditi- Delivered women who skilled Lady Lady onal No Total in health gave birth in Medical Nurse/mi Relative/ Other/mis perso- health health birth atten- facility** preceding doctor dwife friend sing nnel* visitor worker atten- dant two years dant

Punjab 32.8 6.0 3.8 0.6 54.5 1.0 1.0 0.4 100.0 42.6 38.3 29,696

District Khanewal 26.5 3.2 6.5 0.7 62.0 0.1 1.1 0.1 100.0 36.1 30.7 846

Tehsil Khanewal 27.9 4.6 3.8 0.6 61.2 0.0 1.8 0.0 100.0 36.4 31.0 228 Kabirwala 22.1 3.0 7.1 0.6 65.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 100.0 32.3 25.3 279 Mian Channu 29.5 1.3 5.7 0.8 61.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 100.0 36.5 31.5 243 Jahanian 28.0 4.7 12.7 0.8 52.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 100.0 45.5 43.4 95

Area of residence Rural 24.1 3.0 6.5 0.4 64.7 0.1 0.9 0.1 100.0 33.7 28.0 699 All Urban 37.6 3.7 6.0 1.8 48.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 100.0 47.4 43.5 147 Other Urban 37.6 3.7 6.0 1.8 48.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 100.0 47.4 43.5 147

Age 15-19 27.4 0.0 3.3 7.6 57.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 100.0 30.6 30.6 18 20-24 29.1 4.1 6.0 1.2 57.3 0.0 1.7 0.6 100.0 39.2 32.4 163 25-29 27.4 3.6 7.2 0.5 60.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 100.0 38.2 34.8 305 30-34 27.7 3.6 5.6 0.0 61.5 0.5 1.2 0.0 100.0 36.8 29.3 199 35-39 22.0 1.7 5.1 0.0 69.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 100.0 28.8 23.1 111 40-44 19.1 0.0 11.5 0.0 68.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 100.0 30.6 25.6 36 45-49 11.2 0.0 10.9 5.5 72.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 22.1 11.2 14

Mother's Education None 17.2 3.0 6.6 0.5 71.0 0.2 1.4 0.2 100.0 26.8 22.7 552 Primary 37.2 3.1 7.2 0.4 51.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 100.0 47.4 38.9 143 Middle 43.4 6.7 4.6 2.6 42.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 54.7 48.0 53 Secondary 41.7 1.7 4.6 0.0 50.3 0.0 1.6 0.0 100.0 48.1 39.6 59 Higher 71.1 3.6 7.3 2.4 15.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 82.0 74.9 38 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 13.9 2.1 6.4 0.2 75.5 0.3 1.2 0.4 100.0 22.4 18.4 280 Second 21.1 2.1 5.2 0.0 70.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 100.0 28.4 22.9 198 Middle 23.1 4.5 8.7 1.7 61.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 100.0 36.3 31.4 181 Fourth 48.8 6.2 4.6 1.5 37.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 100.0 59.7 50.6 129 Highest 67.4 0.6 8.1 0.0 23.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 100.0 76.0 70.2 57

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 31 Table RH.5A: Postnatal care provider 3HUVRQVSURYLGLQJSRVWQDWDOFDUHWRZRPHQDJHG±ZKRJDYHELUWKLQWKHSUHFHGLQJWZR\HDUV3XQMDE 0,&6±

Person providing postnatal care Number of No Any women who Traditi- postnatal skilled gave birth in Lady Lady onal Total Medical Nurse/ Relative/F Other/mis care perso- the health health birth doctor midwife riend sing received nnel* preceding visitor worker atten- two years dant

Punjab 31.7 5.6 3.6 0.7 51.8 1.0 1.6 4.0 100.0 40.9 29,696

District Khanewal 26.3 3.1 6.5 0.6 61.4 0.1 1.8 0.2 100.0 35.9 846

Tehsil Khanewal 27.9 4.7 3.7 0.6 61.3 0.0 1.8 0.0 100.0 36.3 228 Kabirwala 22.4 2.8 7.1 0.6 65.4 0.3 1.0 0.4 100.0 32.3 279 Mian Channu 28.2 1.3 6.0 0.8 60.9 0.0 2.5 0.4 100.0 35.5 243 Jahanian 28.9 4.7 13.0 0.0 51.3 0.0 2.0 0.0 100.0 46.7 95

Area of residence Rural 24.4 2.9 6.4 0.3 64.1 0.1 1.4 0.3 100.0 33.7 699 All Urban 35.4 3.7 7.2 1.8 48.2 0.0 3.6 0.0 100.0 46.4 147 Other Urban 35.4 3.7 7.2 1.8 48.2 0.0 3.6 0.0 100.0 46.4 147

Age 15-19 27.4 0.0 3.3 7.6 57.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 100.0 30.6 18 20-24 28.6 4.1 6.5 1.2 55.8 0.0 3.2 0.6 100.0 39.2 163 25-29 27.3 3.6 7.2 0.5 59.6 0.0 1.5 0.3 100.0 38.1 305 30-34 27.8 3.2 5.4 0.0 62.4 0.5 0.8 0.0 100.0 36.3 199 35-39 21.0 1.7 5.1 0.0 69.5 0.0 2.7 0.0 100.0 27.8 111 40-44 19.1 0.0 12.3 0.0 68.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 31.3 36 45-49 16.8 0.0 10.9 0.0 72.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 27.7 14

Mother's Education None 17.2 3.0 6.7 0.3 70.1 0.2 2.1 0.3 100.0 26.9 552 Primary 36.6 3.1 7.2 0.4 51.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 100.0 46.9 143 Middle 43.4 6.7 4.6 2.6 42.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 54.7 53 Secondary 41.7 1.7 4.6 0.0 50.3 0.0 1.6 0.0 100.0 48.1 59 Higher 70.3 1.6 7.3 2.4 15.7 0.0 2.8 0.0 100.0 79.2 38 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 13.9 2.4 6.0 0.2 73.8 0.3 2.8 0.4 100.0 22.4 280 Second 20.9 1.7 5.6 0.0 70.2 0.0 1.2 0.4 100.0 28.2 198 Middle 23.2 4.5 9.1 1.3 61.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 100.0 36.7 181 Fourth 48.6 5.6 4.8 1.5 37.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 100.0 59.0 129 Highest 66.1 0.6 8.1 0.0 23.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 100.0 74.8 57

32 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 TableTable RH.7: RH.7: Currently Crrently married women by ageage Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 years by age, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Age group in years Number of Total married 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 women 15-49

Punjab 3.2 13.9 21.5 18.8 18.3 14.2 10.2 100.0 83,389

District Khanewal 2.6 13.6 22.8 18.9 19.0 14.2 8.8 100.0 2,408

Tehsil

Khanewal 2.2 12.2 23.0 18.0 20.0 14.8 9.9 100.0 637 Kabirwala 3.3 14.9 22.5 19.4 18.2 14.4 7.3 100.0 790 Mian Channu 2.3 13.4 23.4 19.1 19.4 12.6 9.7 100.0 687 Jahanian 2.3 13.3 22.0 19.5 18.0 16.6 8.3 100.0 294

Area of residence

Rural 2.9 13.9 22.7 19.0 18.1 14.4 8.9 100.0 1,973 All Urban 1.3 12.0 23.3 18.6 23.0 13.7 8.1 100.0 435 Other Urban 1.3 12.0 23.3 18.6 23.0 13.7 8.1 100.0 435

Mother's Education

None 2.4 11.5 19.2 18.7 20.4 16.6 11.1 100.0 1,639 Primary 3.5 18.7 28.6 19.0 16.3 8.9 5.2 100.0 360 Middle 5.5 20.9 32.5 15.9 11.3 10.3 3.5 100.0 142 Secondary 1.0 19.8 32.0 23.3 15.0 6.9 2.0 100.0 150 Higher 0.5 8.7 33.4 20.3 23.1 11.8 2.1 100.0 114 Madrasa/NSC 46.6 53.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 3.8 13.3 22.8 18.0 19.8 13.4 8.9 100.0 756 Second 4.1 15.2 22.2 21.5 18.9 10.6 7.5 100.0 550 Middle 1.7 14.6 21.7 18.6 17.9 15.9 9.6 100.0 533 Fourth 0.5 12.4 23.3 16.7 19.5 18.1 9.6 100.0 382 Highest 0.8 9.2 27.2 20.5 18.3 15.7 8.3 100.0 186

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 33 BLANK

34 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.8A: Literacy rate (10 years and older) Percentage of household members aged 10 years or more who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Number of Number of Number of Literacy Literacy Literacy Household Household Household rate* rate* rate* members members members

Punjab 68.7 227,607 49.5 217,054 59.3 444,661

District 68.8 6,535 41.9 6,192 55.7 12,727 Khanewal

Tehsil Khanewal 71.0 1,723 45.0 1,670 58.2 3,394 Kabirwala 67.7 2,144 37.7 1,998 53.2 4,142 Mian Channu 67.7 1,890 41.3 1,769 54.9 3,659 Jahanian 69.7 778 47.7 755 58.9 1,533

Area of residence Rural 66.3 5,278 36.6 4,991 51.9 10,269 All Urban 79.4 1,257 63.7 1,202 71.7 2,458 Other Urban 79.4 1,257 63.7 1,202 71.7 2,458

Age 10 - 14 82.8 1,126 69.4 1,063 76.3 2,188 15 - 19 80.3 996 63.4 1,002 71.8 1,998 20 - 24 79.3 791 55.1 769 67.4 1,561 25 - 29 80.8 671 45.8 668 63.4 1,339 30 - 34 69.1 480 34.0 514 50.9 994 35 - 39 63.6 474 26.0 471 44.9 946 40 - 44 59.0 431 19.2 353 41.1 784 45 - 49 55.7 345 14.4 221 39.6 566 50 - 54 54.0 277 9.9 380 28.5 657 55 - 59 44.0 244 11.5 229 28.3 473 60 - 64 46.1 235 7.7 166 30.2 401 65 - 69 38.2 169 4.5 143 22.7 312 70 - 74 32.9 150 6.0 125 20.6 275 75 + 24.1 145 4.8 88 16.8 233

Education None 42.0 3,104 26.7 2,881 34.7 5,985 Primary 89.1 1,123 42.3 1,085 66.1 2,208 Middle 93.5 719 52.9 700 73.5 1,419 Secondary 95.3 1,064 62.8 1,034 79.3 2,098 Higher 96.5 519 70.9 486 84.1 1,005 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 88.0 6 21.2 7 52.5 12

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 44.2 1,971 16.0 1,840 30.6 3,811 Second 66.7 1,507 33.9 1,436 50.7 2,943 Middle 80.8 1,477 51.0 1,408 66.2 2,884 Fourth 89.2 1,117 67.4 1,035 78.7 2,152 Highest 93.3 464 83.6 473 88.4 937

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 35 Table ED.8B: Literacy rate (15 years and older) Percentage of household members aged 15 years or more who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Number of Number of Number of Literacy Literacy Literacy Household Household Household rate* rate* rate* members members members

Punjab 66.1 189,685 44.7 182,312 55.6 371,997

District 65.9 5,409 36.2 5,130 51.4 10,539 Khanewal

Tehsil Khanewal 68.4 1,431 39.3 1,375 54.1 2,806 Kabirwala 64.9 1,764 32.4 1,669 49.1 3,433 Mian Channu 64.4 1,570 35.3 1,462 50.4 3,032 Jahanian 66.9 644 41.5 624 54.4 1,268

Area of residence Rural 63.0 4,356 30.8 4,124 47.3 8,480 All Urban 77.9 1,053 58.5 1,005 68.4 2,059 Other Urban 77.9 1,053 58.5 1,005 68.4 2,059

Age 15 - 19 80.3 996 63.4 1,002 71.8 1,998 20 - 24 79.3 791 55.1 769 67.4 1,561 25 - 29 80.8 671 45.8 668 63.4 1,339 30 - 34 69.1 480 34.0 514 50.9 994 35 - 39 63.6 474 26.0 471 44.9 946 40 - 44 59.0 431 19.2 353 41.1 784 45 - 49 55.7 345 14.4 221 39.6 566 50 - 54 54.0 277 9.9 380 28.5 657 55 - 59 44.0 244 11.5 229 28.3 473 60 - 64 46.1 235 7.7 166 30.2 401 65 - 69 38.2 169 4.5 143 22.7 312 70 - 74 32.9 150 6.0 125 20.6 275 75 + 24.1 145 4.8 88 16.8 233

Education None 34.9 2,522 21.1 2,367 28.2 4,888 Primary 89.1 962 36.2 906 63.4 1,868 Middle 93.8 603 46.8 575 70.9 1,177 Secondary 95.1 881 56.2 859 75.9 1,739 Higher 96.0 438 66.2 417 81.5 855 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 83.9 4 11.8 6 42.4 10

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 39.7 1,597 10.8 1,495 25.7 3,092 Second 62.3 1,232 26.4 1,192 44.7 2,424 Middle 78.3 1,239 44.0 1,159 61.7 2,397 Fourth 87.3 938 62.0 882 75.1 1,820 Highest 92.3 404 80.7 401 86.5 805

36 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.8C: Literacy rate (15-24 years) Percentage of household members aged 15-24 years who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Number of Number of Number of Literacy Household Literacy rate Household Literacy rate Household rate members members members

Punjab 79.0 64,064 67.7 63,807 73.3 127,872

District 79.9 1,788 59.8 1,772 69.9 3,559 Khanewal

Tehsil Khanewal 81.2 485 65.0 489 73.1 974 Kabirwala 78.7 582 55.2 566 67.1 1,147 Mian Channu 79.2 509 56.5 493 68.0 1,002 Jahanian 82.0 211 67.2 225 74.4 436

Area of residence Rural 78.5 1,438 53.6 1,401 66.2 2,839 All Urban 85.5 350 83.4 371 84.4 721 Other Urban 85.5 350 83.4 371 84.4 721

Age 15 - 19 80.3 996 63.4 1,002 71.8 1,998 20 - 24 79.3 791 55.1 769 67.4 1,561

Education None 64.0 826 42.2 802 53.3 1,628 Primary 88.8 322 60.9 337 74.5 659 Middle 93.1 191 72.7 198 82.7 388 Secondary 97.0 306 84.1 294 90.7 599 Higher 97.4 143 89.0 140 93.2 282 Missing/DK 100.0 1 50.0 1 66.7 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 56.7 489 22.6 465 40.1 954 Second 78.6 410 50.8 427 64.4 837 Middle 90.8 437 76.0 418 83.5 855 Fourth 94.7 330 87.5 323 91.2 653 Highest 98.1 122 99.2 139 98.7 261

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 37 Table ED.1: Pre-school attendance Percentage of children aged 3-4 years who are attending pre-school, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Number of Number of children aged Number of children aged 3-4 children aged 3-4 children children 3-4 years children years currently years currently aged 3-4 aged 3-4 currently aged 3-4 attending attending years years attending years preschool preschool preschool

Punjab 13.8 14,977 13.2 14,323 13.5 29,300

District Khanewal 8.4 454 7.7 433 8.0 887

Tehsil Khanewal 9.0 123 8.0 126 8.5 249 Kabirwala 7.0 159 8.6 136 7.7 294 Mian Channu 10.8 122 6.0 124 8.3 246 Jahanian 5.4 51 9.0 47 7.1 98

Area of residence Rural 6.6 386 7.0 369 6.8 756 All Urban 18.6 68 11.7 63 15.2 131 Other Urban 18.6 68 11.7 63 15.2 131

Age 3 4.4 235 2.6 229 3.6 464 4 12.6 219 13.4 204 13.0 423

Education None 5.4 338 6.2 304 5.8 642 Primary 8.7 49 8.8 71 8.8 120 Middle 16.5 25 14.4 24 15.4 49 Secondary 37.9 16 15.0 22 24.8 39 Higher 20.0 25 11.4 12 17.2 37

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 5.0 170 6.0 148 5.5 318 Second 9.1 108 6.9 120 7.9 228 Middle 6.7 91 4.1 89 5.4 180 Fourth 10.9 54 10.6 55 10.7 110 Highest 25.5 30 32.2 21 28.2 51

38 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.2: Primary school entry Percentage of children of primary school entry age attending grade 1*, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of children Percentage of children Number of Number of children of primary school of primary school entry children of primary of primary school entry age (6 years) age (5 years) currently school entry age** entry age** (5 years) currently attending attending grade 1* (6 years) grade 1*

Punjab 18.9 14,684 38.4 16,234

District Khanewal 23.5 438 38.6 477

Tehsil Khanewal 18.3 124 40.8 120 Kabirwala 30.0 115 30.7 164 Mian Channu 22.8 148 41.3 129 Jahanian 23.6 51 48.9 64

Gender Male 24.9 221 39.7 266 Female 22.0 217 37.1 211

Area of residence Rural 22.5 363 37.7 397 All Urban 28.3 74 42.7 79 Other Urban 28.3 74 42.7 79

Age of child 5 or 6 23.5 438 38.6 477

Mother's education None 19.9 315 30.3 357 Primary 31.7 70 58.8 59 Middle 21.1 17 64.3 21 Secondary 27.6 22 67.0 22 Higher 63.9 13 71.9 17 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 13.6 157 24.5 179 Second 22.1 105 37.9 109 Middle 30.8 99 47.9 109 Fourth 34.8 54 54.8 51 Highest 39.5 22 64.2 28

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 39 Table ED.3A: Primary school net attendance ratio (5-9 years) Percentage of children of primary school age (5-9 years) attending primary or secondary school (NAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Net Net Net Number of Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance children children children ratio ratio ratio*

Punjab 54.0 39,519 51.8 37,026 52.9 76,545

District Khanewal 56.7 1,234 50.8 1,086 53.9 2,319

Tehsil Khanewal 58.0 332 50.0 320 54.1 652 Kabirwala 52.9 388 48.3 328 50.8 716 Mian Channu 58.8 368 50.7 317 55.0 685 Jahanian 58.5 146 59.6 119 59.0 266

Area of residence Rural 55.4 1,022 47.3 891 51.6 1,913 All Urban 63.3 212 66.3 195 64.8 406 Other Urban 63.3 212 66.3 195 64.8 406

Age 5 24.9 221 22.0 217 23.5 438 6 41.5 266 38.4 211 40.1 477 7 66.7 265 55.6 232 61.5 497 8 71.8 283 63.3 251 67.8 535 9 77.7 199 76.7 174 77.3 374

Mother's education None 52.7 945 44.7 820 49.0 1,765 Primary 68.2 168 62.4 135 65.6 303 Middle 73.5 39 66.0 44 69.5 82 Secondary 69.4 45 76.6 52 73.3 97 Higher 75.4 37 90.7 34 82.7 71 Madrasa/NSC . 0 100.0 1 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 43.2 461 30.5 367 37.6 828 Second 57.3 286 51.8 283 54.5 568 Middle 67.1 263 62.5 243 64.9 506 Fourth 71.1 158 69.3 131 70.3 289 Highest 72.6 66 80.9 61 76.6 127

40 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.3B: Primary school gross attendance ratio (5-9 years) Percentage of children of primary school age (5-9 years) attending primary or secondary school (GAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Gross Gross Gross Number of Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance children children children ratio* ratio* ratio*

Punjab 101.6 39,519 92.5 37,026 97.2 76,545

District Khanewal 100.4 1,234 94.8 1,086 97.8 2,319

Tehsil

Khanewal 99.3 332 93.8 320 96.6 652 Kabirwala 98.6 388 88.2 328 93.9 716 Mian Channu 104.6 368 97.2 317 101.1 685 Jahanian 97.6 146 109.0 119 102.7 266

Area of residence

Rural 99.2 1,022 90.2 891 95.0 1,913 All Urban 106.6 212 115.6 195 110.9 406 Other Urban 106.6 212 115.6 195 110.9 406

Mother's education

None 96.7 945 88.0 820 92.7 1,765 Primary 104.4 168 108.9 135 106.4 303 Middle 108.0 39 103.9 44 105.9 82 Secondary 99.5 45 112.0 52 106.1 97 Higher 108.3 37 110.1 34 109.1 71 Madrasa/NSC . 0 100.0 1 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 79.6 461 60.0 367 70.9 828 Second 110.2 286 97.5 283 103.9 568 Middle 107.7 263 114.5 243 110.9 506 Fourth 124.3 158 136.5 131 129.8 289 Highest 118.3 66 122.5 61 120.3 127

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 41 Table ED.3C: Public and private primary school attendance rate Percentage of children age 5-9 years attending primary schools by type of school, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Attending primary Attending Attending Attending school but Number of public private Madrasa/ DK type of Total children 5-9 primary primary NSC school or years old school school type is missing

Punjab 55.9 43.0 0.2 0.9 100.0 40,501

District 1,251 Khanewal 72.0 25.4 0.6 1.9 100.0

Tehsil Khanewal 66.2 31.3 0.0 2.6 100.0 353 Kabirwala 75.8 19.9 2.1 2.2 100.0 364 Mian Channu 74.7 23.7 0.0 1.7 100.0 377 Jahanian 70.1 29.3 0.0 0.6 100.0 157

Area of residence Rural 80.0 17.5 0.8 1.7 100.0 988 All Urban 42.0 55.0 0.0 3.0 100.0 263 Other Urban 42.0 55.0 0.0 3.0 100.0 263

Age 5 70.8 25.5 0.0 3.7 100.0 103 6 66.9 29.9 1.1 2.0 100.0 191 7 73.5 25.5 0.0 1.0 100.0 305 8 73.3 24.3 0.8 1.6 100.0 363 9 72.7 23.8 0.9 2.6 100.0 289

Mother's education None 81.1 15.6 0.9 2.4 100.0 864 Primary 65.0 33.7 0.0 1.3 100.0 199 Middle 56.1 43.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 57 Secondary 30.4 68.7 0.0 0.9 100.0 71 Higher 27.7 72.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 58 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 87.9 9.0 0.8 2.4 100.0 312 Second 84.0 12.0 1.1 2.9 100.0 310 Middle 70.4 27.6 0.6 1.4 100.0 329 Fourth 56.5 41.9 0.0 1.6 100.0 203 Highest 21.0 79.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 97

42 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.4: Middle/Secondary school net attendance ratio Percentage of children of middle/secondary school age (10-14 years) attending secondary school or higher (NAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Net Net Net Number of Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance children children children ratio ratio ratio*

Punjab 29.6 37,922 27.8 34,743 28.7 72,665

District Khanewal 31.3 1,126 19.5 1,063 25.6 2,188

Tehsil Khanewal 34.7 292 21.7 296 28.1 588 Kabirwala 28.7 380 17.8 329 23.7 709 Mian Channu 28.8 320 16.6 307 22.8 627 Jahanian 37.5 134 25.8 131 31.7 265

Area of residence Rural 30.5 922 15.4 866 23.2 1,789 All Urban 35.1 203 37.6 196 36.3 400 Other Urban 35.1 203 37.6 196 36.3 400

Age 10 6.4 290 5.8 282 6.1 572 11 18.0 151 9.2 138 13.8 289 12 34.1 275 22.7 243 28.7 518 13 53.2 190 30.8 187 42.1 377 14 51.1 219 30.9 213 41.1 432

Mother's education None 26.9 899 13.3 841 20.3 1,739 Primary 44.3 123 39.4 132 41.8 255 Middle 46.9 34 40.2 30 43.8 64 Secondary 58.4 36 43.5 33 51.2 69 Higher 64.6 31 68.5 24 66.3 55

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 16.2 374 4.0 345 10.3 719 Second 27.3 275 14.6 244 21.3 518 Middle 42.9 238 23.8 249 33.1 487 Fourth 46.3 179 34.7 153 40.9 332 Highest 53.7 60 63.5 72 59.0 132

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 43 Table ED.4w: Secondary school age children attending primary school Percentage of children of secondary school age (10-14 years) attending primary school, MICS Punjab, 2007- 08

Male Female Total

Percent Percent Percent Number of Number of Number of attending attending attending children children children primary school primary school primary school

Punjab 46.3 37,922 40.4 34,743 43.4 72,665

District Khanewal 45.1 1,126 42.6 1,063 43.8 2,188

Tehsil Khanewal 44.6 292 43.2 296 43.9 588 Kabirwala 44.4 380 37.9 329 41.4 709 Mian Channu 49.3 320 46.5 307 48.0 627 Jahanian 37.8 134 43.5 131 40.6 265

Area of residence Rural 45.5 922 41.8 866 43.7 1,789 All Urban 43.2 203 46.0 196 44.6 400 Other Urban 43.2 203 46.0 196 44.6 400

Age 10 74.4 290 66.9 282 70.7 572 11 64.6 151 66.6 138 65.5 289 12 42.1 275 38.0 243 40.1 518 13 24.4 190 28.2 187 26.3 377 14 14.4 219 12.7 213 13.6 432

Mother's education None 45.9 899 41.5 841 43.8 1,739 Primary 46.4 123 47.1 132 46.7 255 Middle 39.4 34 56.3 30 47.3 64 Secondary 36.1 36 51.5 33 43.5 69 Higher 35.4 31 28.9 24 32.5 55

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 43.1 374 30.1 345 36.9 719 Second 50.2 275 48.2 244 49.3 518 Middle 42.5 238 48.7 249 45.7 487 Fourth 44.7 179 55.1 153 49.5 332 Highest 44.5 60 34.9 72 39.3 132

44 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.7: Education gender parity Ratio of females to males attending primary education and ratio of females to males attending secondary education, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Primary Secondary Secondary Gender Primary school Gender parity school net school net school net parity index net attendance index (GPI) for attendance attendance attendance (GPI) for ratio (NAR), primary school ratio (NAR), ratio (NAR), ratio (NAR), secondary males NAR* females females males school NAR*

Punjab 51.8 54.0 0.96 27.8 29.6 0.94

District Khanewal 50.8 56.7 0.89 19.5 31.3 0.62

Tehsil Khanewal 50.0 58.0 0.86 21.7 34.7 0.63 Kabirwala 48.3 52.9 0.91 17.8 28.7 0.62 Mian Channu 50.7 58.8 0.86 16.6 28.8 0.58 Jahanian 59.6 58.5 1.02 25.8 37.5 0.69

Area of residence Rural 47.3 55.4 0.86 15.4 30.5 0.51 All Urban 66.3 63.3 1.05 37.6 35.1 1.07 Other Urban 66.3 63.3 1.05 37.6 35.1 1.07

Mother's education None 44.7 52.7 0.85 13.3 26.9 0.49 Primary 62.4 68.2 0.92 39.4 44.3 0.89 Middle 66.0 73.5 0.90 40.2 46.9 0.86 Secondary 76.6 69.4 1.10 43.5 58.4 0.74 Higher 90.7 75.4 1.20 68.5 64.6 1.06 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 . . . . .

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 30.5 43.2 0.71 4.0 16.2 0.25 Second 51.8 57.3 0.90 14.6 27.3 0.54 Middle 62.5 67.1 0.93 23.8 42.9 0.56 Fourth 69.3 71.1 0.97 34.7 46.3 0.75 Highest 80.9 72.6 1.11 63.5 53.7 1.18

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 45 Table ED.9A: Physical access to primary schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government Boys private Number Girls private school school school school of 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 houshold <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km km km km km members

Punjab 93.0 5.3 1.7 91.4 5.9 2.7 74.7 9.6 15.7 74.0 9.8 16.2 91,075

District Khanewal 96.7 2.6 0.7 95.8 2.9 1.2 74.2 7.8 18.0 74.4 7.8 17.8 3,228

Tehsil Khanewal 97.5 2.4 0.1 96.5 3.3 0.3 76.9 8.8 14.3 76.6 9.0 14.4 816 Kabirwala 94.3 3.7 2.0 92.1 4.3 3.6 72.7 3.5 23.8 73.4 3.5 23.1 1,008 Mian Channu 97.5 2.5 0.0 97.4 2.3 0.2 72.7 12.6 14.7 72.7 12.6 14.7 952 Jahanian 99.3 0.7 0.0 99.3 0.7 0.0 77.3 1.3 21.3 77.2 1.3 21.4 452

Area of residence Rural 96.3 2.9 0.8 95.2 3.3 1.5 62.7 11.1 26.2 62.9 11.1 26.0 2,496 All Urban 98.3 1.4 0.3 98.0 1.7 0.3 99.3 0.6 0.1 99.2 0.7 0.1 732 Other Urban 98.3 1.4 0.3 98.0 1.7 0.3 99.3 0.6 0.1 99.2 0.7 0.1 732

Education of household head None 95.8 3.2 1.0 94.6 3.5 1.9 67.4 8.3 24.4 67.6 8.3 24.1 1,479 Primary 95.4 3.4 1.1 94.8 3.8 1.3 71.6 8.3 20.1 71.7 8.3 20.0 530 Middle 98.6 1.4 0.0 97.3 2.5 0.3 77.8 8.2 14.0 77.9 8.5 13.6 374 Secondary 98.2 1.6 0.2 98.0 1.6 0.4 83.9 6.9 9.2 83.9 6.9 9.2 559 Higher 98.6 1.4 0.0 97.8 1.8 0.4 84.7 5.6 9.7 84.7 5.6 9.7 282 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 93.7 4.6 1.7 91.6 5.0 3.4 52.3 10.9 36.8 52.8 11.0 36.2 1,030 Second 97.4 2.2 0.4 96.7 2.8 0.6 69.3 10.5 20.2 69.7 10.5 19.8 730 Middle 98.7 1.2 0.1 98.2 1.6 0.1 80.8 8.4 10.8 80.7 8.6 10.7 683 Fourth 97.9 2.1 0.0 98.1 1.9 0.0 89.9 3.8 6.3 89.7 3.8 6.5 526 Highest 99.6 0.4 0.0 99.2 0.8 0.0 98.0 0.4 1.6 97.6 0.4 2.0 259

46 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.9B: Physical access to middle schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government Number GirlsBoys private private school school Girls private school school school of houshold 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km members km km km km

Punjab 62.6 23.2 14.2 62.8 21.0 16.3 65.5 13.1 21.5 65.3 13.1 21.7 91,075

District Khanewal 65.6 20.6 13.8 61.9 20.5 17.6 59.0 11.4 29.7 59.2 11.5 29.3 3,228

Tehsil Khanewal 63.3 27.9 8.8 58.6 27.0 14.4 62.0 13.4 24.6 62.9 13.6 23.5 816 Kabirwala 69.4 14.6 16.0 68.2 11.5 20.3 57.1 7.2 35.8 57.0 7.3 35.7 1,008 Mian Channu 62.8 21.3 15.9 57.9 26.6 15.6 53.0 16.4 30.5 52.9 16.4 30.6 952 Jahanian 67.7 18.2 14.1 63.9 13.4 22.8 77.1 1.8 21.1 77.4 1.7 20.9 452

Area of residence Rural 54.9 26.7 18.4 49.6 26.6 23.8 41.0 15.8 43.2 41.7 15.8 42.4 2,496 All Urban 96.5 3.1 0.4 96.2 3.4 0.4 97.5 1.8 0.7 97.2 2.0 0.8 732 Other Urban 96.5 3.1 0.4 96.2 3.4 0.4 97.5 1.8 0.7 97.2 2.0 0.8 732

Education of household head None 57.7 24.6 17.7 52.6 25.3 22.0 48.7 12.8 38.5 49.0 13.0 38.0 1,479 Primary 64.7 22.8 12.5 61.3 20.4 18.4 58.9 11.0 30.1 59.1 11.1 29.8 530 Middle 70.4 18.4 11.2 69.3 18.2 12.5 63.3 12.0 24.7 62.9 12.4 24.7 374 Secondary 76.6 13.7 9.8 74.5 13.3 12.2 70.6 10.5 18.9 71.5 10.4 18.2 559 Higher 77.9 13.8 8.3 72.5 14.6 13.0 75.6 6.2 18.2 75.0 6.1 18.9 282 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 46.9 28.9 24.2 39.9 28.8 31.3 31.5 15.2 53.3 32.1 15.2 52.7 1,030 Second 60.8 24.6 14.6 57.0 23.9 19.1 48.2 14.8 37.0 48.4 14.8 36.8 730 Middle 70.3 20.6 9.1 66.7 21.8 11.6 65.7 12.6 21.7 66.2 12.6 21.2 683 Fourth 83.3 10.8 5.9 82.0 10.0 7.9 81.4 6.2 12.4 81.4 6.3 12.2 526 Highest 95.6 1.6 2.8 94.3 2.4 3.3 95.5 2.1 2.5 95.1 2.5 2.5 259

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 47 Table ED.9C: Physical access to secondary schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government BoysGirls private private school school Girls private school school school Number of houshold 2-5 2-5 2-5 <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km members km km km

Punjab 50.6 23.2 26.2 46.9 21.8 31.3 56.0 13.4 30.6 56.6 13.3 30.1 91,075

District Khanewal 48.8 22.4 28.9 43.5 21.0 35.5 46.1 12.7 41.3 46.5 12.6 40.9 3,228

Tehsil Khanewal 52.8 23.3 24.0 47.2 23.6 29.2 46.0 16.8 37.2 47.1 16.6 36.3 816 Kabirwala 53.9 8.4 37.7 47.1 8.5 44.5 43.7 3.1 53.2 44.0 3.1 52.9 1,008 Mian Channu 36.8 33.7 29.4 32.7 30.5 36.8 39.9 21.0 39.2 40.0 21.0 39.0 952 Jahanian 57.1 21.9 20.9 53.1 17.9 29.1 75.2 1.0 23.8 75.4 1.0 23.6 452

Area of residence Rural 31.5 29.3 39.2 24.2 27.4 48.4 20.4 17.5 62.0 21.5 17.3 61.1 2,496 All Urban 96.0 3.3 0.7 95.5 3.6 0.8 95.8 3.2 1.0 95.6 3.4 1.0 732 Other Urban 96.0 3.3 0.7 95.5 3.6 0.8 95.8 3.2 1.0 95.6 3.4 1.0 732

Education of household head None 38.7 25.2 36.0 32.5 23.2 44.3 34.4 13.3 52.3 35.1 13.3 51.7 1,479 Primary 46.7 24.9 28.4 42.0 21.4 36.6 44.6 13.8 41.6 44.8 13.6 41.6 530 Middle 52.9 21.1 26.0 48.1 22.8 29.1 48.7 14.7 36.6 49.1 14.7 36.2 374 Secondary 64.2 17.5 18.3 60.4 17.4 22.2 60.7 11.8 27.5 61.5 11.8 26.7 559 Higher 64.9 14.9 20.2 59.6 13.9 26.5 66.5 6.9 26.6 65.9 6.8 27.3 282 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 66.7 33.3 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 27.4 27.6 45.0 19.5 23.9 56.6 18.1 14.1 67.8 19.0 13.9 67.1 1,030 Second 39.6 26.1 34.3 33.0 23.5 43.4 30.6 17.4 52.1 31.2 17.2 51.6 730 Middle 48.9 26.5 24.6 44.7 27.1 28.2 47.6 17.9 34.4 48.3 17.9 33.8 683 Fourth 73.2 14.6 12.2 70.8 14.6 14.6 74.1 6.7 19.2 74.2 6.6 19.2 526 Highest 94.3 1.2 4.5 90.9 3.3 5.8 94.1 1.7 4.2 93.7 2.1 4.2 259

48 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CP.1: Birth registration Percent distribution of children aged 0-59 months by whether birth is registered and reasons for non-registration, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Birth is not registered because: Number of children Don't Number of Late, Didn't Doesn't aged 0-59 Birth is know if children Costs Must didn't know child know Don't Total months registered* birth is aged 0-59 too travel want to Other should be where to know without registered months much too far pay registered register birth fine registration

Punjab 77.0 2.7 70,226 4.4 14.2 42.7 1.3 15.1 14.4 8.0 100.0 14,521

District Khanewal 85.9 1.5 2,093 16.9 8.2 14.7 1.5 14.7 32.9 11.0 100.0 234

Tehsil Khanewal 83.1 1.2 575 22.4 2.3 12.2 0.0 14.3 43.2 5.6 100.0 91 Kabirwala 82.8 2.3 680 7.4 16.0 15.7 1.8 23.1 13.7 22.3 100.0 82 Mian Channu 89.4 1.6 605 17.9 7.8 20.0 3.0 5.0 41.5 4.8 100.0 47 Jahanian 92.8 0.0 234 35.2 1.7 6.4 5.4 0.0 51.3 0.0 100.0 13

Area of residence Rural 87.3 1.7 1,750 17.8 11.8 11.7 0.5 14.2 32.5 11.6 100.0 161 All Urban 78.7 0.8 343 15.0 0.3 21.3 3.9 15.9 34.0 9.6 100.0 72 Other Urban 78.7 0.8 343 15.0 0.3 21.3 3.9 15.9 34.0 9.6 100.0 72

Gender

Male 86.9 1.9 1,060 14.5 8.6 13.4 2.0 16.3 33.8 11.4 100.0 106 Female 84.9 1.1 1,033 18.9 7.9 15.7 1.2 13.4 32.2 10.7 100.0 128

Age of child 0-11 months 78.2 1.9 427 10.2 13.1 13.5 0.5 10.0 44.1 8.6 100.0 76 12-23 months 89.2 0.8 371 17.4 2.4 16.0 2.2 13.9 37.6 10.4 100.0 31 24-35 months 86.7 1.9 429 20.2 6.5 18.1 2.3 15.7 23.6 13.5 100.0 43 36-47 months 88.3 1.6 448 24.9 8.8 11.0 1.8 16.6 26.7 10.2 100.0 43 48-59 months 87.5 1.4 408 17.6 4.9 16.4 2.0 21.4 23.3 14.6 100.0 40 Missing/Inconsistent 91.1 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 1

Mother's education None 83.5 1.9 1,444 17.5 9.2 16.1 1.2 16.7 28.1 11.3 100.0 188 Primary 90.2 0.6 315 26.3 6.5 3.4 0.0 8.1 45.0 10.8 100.0 26 Middle 95.0 1.2 123 0.0 0.0 35.8 17.4 18.5 13.9 14.2 100.0 5 Secondary 89.7 0.5 127 0.0 2.4 0.0 7.1 0.0 90.5 0.0 100.0 9 Higher 91.7 0.0 85 0.0 0.0 24.6 0.0 0.0 58.2 17.2 100.0 6

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 80.6 1.9 721 20.5 12.3 12.9 1.4 24.2 21.0 7.7 100.0 107 Second 84.8 1.6 520 16.7 7.2 17.2 1.0 9.1 31.9 16.8 100.0 64 Middle 89.7 1.6 428 13.2 0.0 18.5 0.0 5.2 47.6 15.5 100.0 37 Fourth 93.6 1.0 291 9.1 0.0 13.5 10.4 5.9 53.3 7.7 100.0 14 Highest 90.0 0.0 134 6.8 11.8 6.2 0.0 0.0 75.2 0.0 100.0 12

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 49 Table CP.2: Child labour Percentage of children aged 5-14 years who are involved in child labour activities by type of work, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Working outside Household Working for Number of household Total child chores for 28+ family children aged Unpaid labour* Paid work hours/ week business 5-14 years work

Punjab 0.6 1.0 0.8 2.9 5.1 149,210

District Khanewal 0.3 1.6 1.0 2.5 5.2 4,508

Tehsil Khanewal 0.3 2.3 0.6 2.3 5.3 1,240 Kabirwala 0.4 2.8 0.7 2.9 6.2 1,425 Mian Channu 0.3 0.2 2.1 2.0 4.7 1,312 Jahanian 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.9 3.4 531

Area of residence Rural 0.3 1.5 1.2 2.9 5.6 3,702 All Urban 0.4 1.9 0.2 0.5 3.1 806 Other Urban 0.4 1.9 0.2 0.5 3.1 806

Gender Male 0.4 1.0 0.3 3.1 4.5 2,360 Female 0.2 2.3 1.8 1.8 5.9 2,148

Age of child 5-11 years 0.2 2.3 0.5 2.0 4.8 3,181 12-14 years 0.6 0.0 2.2 3.5 6.2 1,327

Mother's education None 0.4 1.6 1.2 2.9 5.8 3,504 Primary 0.2 2.6 0.6 1.5 4.7 558 Middle 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 146 Secondary 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 167 Higher 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 125 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.7 1.7 2.1 4.4 8.4 1,547 Second 0.3 1.5 0.9 2.3 4.6 1,087 Middle 0.1 1.5 0.4 1.8 3.9 994 Fourth 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 1.6 621 Highest 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.9 259

School participation Yes 0.0 1.6 0.1 1.6 3.2 3,163 No 1.0 1.6 3.2 4.6 9.8 1,345

50 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CP.3: Labourer students and student labourers Percentage of children aged 5-14 years who are labourer students and student labourers, Country, Year

Percentage of Percentage of Number of Percentage of Percentage of Number of child labourers Number of children child students who are children in children 5-14 who are also students aged attending labourers also involved in child labour* years of age attending 5-14 school*** aged 5-14 child labour**** school**

Punjab 5.1 73.6 149,210 48.9 7,545 3.4 109,769

District Khanewal 5.2 70.2 4,508 43.4 234 3.2 3,163

Tehsil

Khanewal 5.3 72.1 1,240 53.7 65 3.9 894 Kabirwala 6.2 65.3 1,425 48.7 89 4.6 931 Mian Channu 4.7 71.7 1,312 27.2 61 1.8 941 Jahanian 3.4 74.7 531 35.1 18 1.6 397

Area of residence

Rural 5.6 67.6 3,702 41.8 209 3.5 2,503 All Urban 3.1 81.9 806 57.0 25 2.1 660 Other Urban 3.1 81.9 806 57.0 25 2.1 660

Gender

Male 4.5 75.2 2,360 52.9 106 3.2 1,775 Female 5.9 64.6 2,148 35.5 128 3.3 1,388

Age of child

5-11 years 4.8 72.3 3,181 55.1 151 3.6 2,301 12-14 years 6.2 64.9 1,327 21.9 82 2.1 862

Mother's education

None 5.8 64.6 3,504 39.3 203 3.5 2,263 Primary 4.7 87.3 558 71.0 26 3.8 487 Middle 0.6 89.3 146 100.0 1 0.7 131 Secondary 0.4 95.3 167 100.0 1 0.4 159 Higher 1.2 97.0 125 100.0 1 1.2 122 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 100.0 1 . 0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 8.4 49.9 1,547 30.9 130 5.2 772 Second 4.6 70.5 1,087 49.0 50 3.2 766 Middle 3.9 81.2 994 64.8 38 3.1 807 Fourth 1.6 90.6 621 67.6 10 1.2 563 Highest 1.9 98.1 259 100.0 5 2.0 254

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 51 52

Table CP.10: Child disability

Percentage of children aged 2-9 years with disability reported by their mother or caretaker according to the type of disability, Country, Year

Percentage of children aged 2-9 years with reported disability by type of disability 3-9 years 2 years Percentage of ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS children aged Number of Number of Number No speak- Difficulty Difficulty in Have fits, Not learning Appears 2-9 years with children children of children Delay in Appears No under - ing / Cannot seeing, walking, become to do things mentally at least one aged 2-9 Speech is aged 3-9 aged 2 sitting, to have standing cannot be name at either in the moving arms, rigid, lose like other backward, reported years not years years standing or difficulty of instr- under- least one daytime or weakness or concious- children dull, or disability* normal walking hearing uctions stood in object at night stiffness ness his/her age slow words

Punjab 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.0 1.1 5.2 119,796 4.2 105,845 9.5 13,951

District Khanewal 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 2.1 0.9 4.2 3,644 6.1 3,206 9.9 438

Tehsil Khanewal 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 2.7 1.3 6.2 1,017 4.8 901 12.8 116 Kabirwala 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.4 0.7 4.1 1,144 8.2 1,010 13.9 134 Mian Channu 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.8 2.8 1,069 6.2 931 3.8 137 Jahanian 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.5 2.6 413 3.2 364 8.8 50

Area of residence Rural 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.1 0.9 4.3 3,027 4.9 2,669 9.7 359 All Urban 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.9 0.7 3.3 617 12.3 538 10.5 79 Other Urban 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.9 0.7 3.3 617 12.3 538 10.5 79

Age of child 2-4 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.9 0.6 3.5 1,325 6.2 887 9.9 438 5-6 0.7 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.9 0.6 4.0 914 7.0 914 . 0 7-9 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.6 2.4 1.3 4.9 1,405 5.4 1,405 . 0

Mother's education None 0.9 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.3 0.8 4.6 2,705 6.1 2,407 10.2 298 Primary 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.9 2.3 492 7.5 423 12.0 69 Middle 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.0 1.0 2.9 0.6 4.5 154 4.5 132 9.9 23 Secondary 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 2.1 3.7 169 2.6 136 2.2 33 Higher 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.9 0.6 2.6 123 7.2 107 9.4 15 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 1 . 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.9 3.6 1,309 6.1 1,146 11.0 162 Second 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.2 2.0 0.5 4.9 899 5.0 797 12.6 102 Middle 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.2 2.1 1.3 4.4 764 6.1 686 6.0 78 Fourth 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.1 2.1 0.9 4.3 461 5.4 399 7.9 62 Highest 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.7 0.4 3.3 211 12.2 178 8.5 33 Table HA.1: Knowledge of preventing HIV transmission Percentage of women aged 15-49 years who know the main ways of preventing HIV transmission, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage who know transmission can be prevented Number of women who Number by: Heard of think a person of AIDS Knows Knows at 'RHVQ·W can do women Safe Safe blood Disposable all three least two know something to sex transfusion syringe ways ways any way avoid AIDS

Punjab 29.5 86,148 23.0 20.9 21.7 18.0 22.2 74.7 22,470

District Khanewal 16.6 2,467 13.8 13.3 12.0 10.9 13.2 85.0 378

Tehsil Khanewal 20.3 646 14.7 14.1 13.2 11.5 14.0 83.5 110 Kabirwala 12.0 817 9.8 9.7 8.8 8.2 9.4 89.4 89 Mian Channu 18.4 707 16.8 15.8 13.7 12.4 15.9 82.0 130 Jahanian 17.2 296 15.9 15.0 14.0 13.8 14.9 83.8 49

Area of residence Rural 11.7 2,024 10.1 9.6 8.6 8.0 9.7 89.3 221 All Urban 39.0 443 31.0 29.9 27.3 24.5 29.2 65.5 158 Other Urban 39.0 443 31.0 29.9 27.3 24.5 29.2 65.5 158

Age 15-19 11.3 63 9.3 5.7 5.9 3.8 5.7 88.7 7 20-24 15.5 327 13.2 12.6 10.8 10.2 12.2 85.8 47 25-29 20.7 556 18.2 17.2 15.4 14.6 17.2 81.0 107 30-34 19.3 463 15.8 15.9 13.0 11.7 15.6 82.6 84 35-39 16.8 472 13.0 12.7 12.2 11.1 12.5 85.7 71 40-44 12.1 359 11.0 10.0 10.0 9.6 10.1 88.7 40 45-49 10.9 226 7.5 7.5 7.7 5.2 8.1 90.5 22

Education of household head None 3.4 1,692 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.5 2.2 97.6 43 Primary 18.8 362 14.4 13.6 11.5 9.4 13.3 83.2 62 Middle 47.3 146 41.7 36.5 31.9 30.3 37.0 57.2 66 Secondary 71.5 152 60.9 59.5 56.7 51.7 59.6 34.2 102 Higher 92.6 114 89.0 83.4 76.3 75.6 82.0 8.9 104 Madrasa/NSC 53.4 2 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4 46.6 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 1.6 780 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 99.0 8 Second 6.5 565 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.5 4.5 94.4 34 Middle 16.4 548 13.9 13.6 12.0 10.8 13.6 84.9 85 Fourth 34.4 385 29.7 28.3 25.3 23.8 27.8 68.4 125 Highest 73.0 189 62.05 59.08 54.89 50.66 59.32 33.96 126.37

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 53 Table HA.5: Attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS Percentage of women aged 15-49 years who have heard of AIDS who express a discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of women who: Believe that a Would not care If a family Would not Number of teacher with Agree with at Agree with for a family member had buy food women who HIV should least one none of the member who HIV would from a have heard not be discriminatory discriminatory was sick with want to keep person with of AIDS allowed to statement statements* AIDS it a secret HIV/AIDS work

Punjab 1.1 23.5 24.0 24.1 43.3 56.7 25,409

District Khanewal 1.5 38.5 18.9 19.0 51.8 48.2 409

Tehsil Khanewal 2.9 36.6 30.9 30.3 59.3 40.7 131 Kabirwala 1.4 45.9 25.0 25.1 61.7 38.3 98 Mian Channu 0.0 41.5 7.6 8.4 46.6 53.4 130 Jahanian 1.5 21.6 5.3 4.8 26.3 73.7 51

Area of residence Rural 1.0 33.9 19.0 18.8 47.5 52.5 237 All Urban 2.1 44.8 18.7 19.2 57.6 42.4 172 Other Urban 2.1 44.8 18.7 19.2 57.6 42.4 172

Age 15-19 0.0 36.9 48.6 29.3 85.5 14.5 7 20-24 5.8 41.1 24.6 24.3 56.3 43.7 51 25-29 0.7 37.3 18.2 18.0 50.5 49.5 115 30-34 0.9 38.1 16.5 20.6 52.0 48.0 89 35-39 1.0 46.5 19.5 15.6 55.0 45.0 79 40-44 1.4 27.5 14.4 18.6 44.3 55.7 43 45-49 0.0 34.8 16.1 15.1 40.3 59.7 25

Education of household head None 1.4 31.0 41.0 37.6 57.2 42.8 58 Primary 2.3 46.3 22.8 23.8 58.5 41.5 68 Middle 2.1 46.7 16.2 14.4 56.3 43.7 69 Secondary 1.3 33.4 16.1 18.5 47.6 52.4 109 Higher 0.8 37.8 9.0 9.2 46.2 53.8 105 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 6.5 45.1 43.4 35.8 75.7 24.3 12 Second 2.3 30.8 20.1 22.3 46.5 53.5 37 Middle 1.7 30.5 22.8 21.1 45.9 54.1 90 Fourth 1.5 38.8 18.0 16.8 48.6 51.4 132 Highest 0.6 44.9 14.8 17.3 57.9 42.1 138

54 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.1: Prevalence of Cough, TB and Hepatitis Percentage of population having cough more than last three weeks, diagnosed with Tuberculosis or with Hepatitis during last one year, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Had cough for more Diagnosed with Diagnosed with Total number of than last three Tuberculosis during Hepatitis during household weeks last one year last one year members

Punjab 2.2 0.3 0.7 584,640

District Khanewal 1.7 0.1 0.3 16,855

Tehsil Khanewal 2.4 0.2 0.4 4,491 Kabirwala 1.4 0.1 0.2 5,453 Mian Channu 1.8 0.1 0.3 4,936 Jahanian 1.2 0.1 0.2 1,976

Area of residence Rural 1.7 0.1 0.3 13,704 All Urban 2.1 0.2 0.2 3,151 Other Urban 2.1 0.2 0.2 3,151

Gender Male 1.7 0.2 0.3 8,687 Female 1.8 0.1 0.3 8,169

Education of household head None 2.0 0.2 0.2 7,870 Primary 2.1 0.2 0.3 2,978 Middle 0.9 0.0 0.4 1,919 Secondary 1.5 0.1 0.2 2,755 Higher 1.1 0.0 0.2 1,311 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 2.0 0.1 0.2 5,259 Second 1.9 0.2 0.3 3,989 Middle 1.5 0.1 0.3 3,720 Fourth 1.4 0.1 0.2 2,696 Highest 1.8 0.0 0.2 1,191

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 55 Table HC.2: Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) Percentage of women reporting that a LHW visited the house during the past month, MICS Punjab, 2007-

Purpose of Number Total Visit Visited by of women number For ORS, Provided LHW Weighed DK/ visited by of women Vitamine and useful Other the child Missing LHW Medicines info

Punjab 50.4 86,148 54.3 11.3 59.4 14.6 1.6 43,238

District Khanewal 70.7 2,467 52.5 13.5 76.6 10.3 0.3 1,744

Tehsil

Khanewal 69.7 646 43.8 17.3 83.3 7.0 450 Kabirwala 66.8 817 48.5 9.8 78.2 8.5 0.4 546 Mian Channu 70.8 707 63.3 14.4 63.4 18.2 0.5 501 Jahanian 83.6 296 55.2 12.8 87.8 4.0 0.3 246

Area of residence

Rural 70.9 2,024 52.8 9.9 79.4 9.7 0.3 1,434 All Urban 70.0 443 50.9 30.4 64.1 12.7 0.5 310 Other Urban 70.0 443 50.9 30.4 64.1 12.7 0.5 310

Woman education

None 68.0 1,692 52.2 10.9 77.2 9.2 0.3 1,150 Primary 75.4 362 51.8 15.8 78.7 10.4 272 Middle 79.4 146 50.5 22.2 72.9 18.0 116 Secondary 78.6 152 61.1 22.4 74.7 11.9 0.7 119 Higher 75.2 114 49.0 17.1 70.3 11.1 0.9 85 Madrasa/NSC 53.4 2 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 59.6 780 54.1 9.8 75.1 10.0 0.3 465 Second 71.6 565 51.2 11.1 80.0 8.8 0.2 405 Middle 79.3 548 52.7 11.9 79.5 10.6 0.3 434 Fourth 78.9 385 50.8 17.4 75.1 11.4 304 Highest 72.5 189 53.7 29.7 66.1 12.0 1.2 137

56 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.3: Physical access to health facility

Percent distribution of household population according to physical access to health facility, MICS Punjab, 200

Distance to the nearest health Type of nearest health facility facility (in minutes) Number of Within 29 30-35 household One hour Government Private Missing minutes minutes Missing members or more distance distance

Punjab 57.2 42.4 0.4 75.2 15.3 9.0 0.5 592,843

District Khanewal 83.8 15.3 0.9 70.4 22.2 6.0 1.4 17,180

Tehsil

Khanewal 87.8 11.4 0.8 76.1 20.4 2.8 0.7 4,631 Kabirwala 74.3 24.1 1.6 71.7 19.3 7.2 1.8 5,551 Mian Channu 86.4 13.2 0.5 69.1 21.9 7.0 2.0 4,960 Jahanian 94.4 5.5 0.1 57.2 34.6 7.5 0.7 2,038

Area of residence

Rural 82.0 17.1 0.9 64.0 27.1 7.4 1.6 13,965 All Urban 91.7 7.5 0.8 98.4 1.0 0.0 0.7 3,215 Other Urban 91.7 7.5 0.8 98.4 1.0 0.0 0.7 3,215

Education of household head

None 82.5 16.7 0.8 65.8 26.2 6.8 1.2 8,022 Primary 84.0 14.9 1.1 71.1 21.7 5.8 1.4 3,059 Middle 87.7 11.9 0.5 73.2 19.7 5.4 1.6 1,952 Secondary 82.5 16.3 1.2 77.2 16.1 4.5 2.1 2,798 Higher 87.8 11.2 0.9 78.1 14.9 5.9 1.2 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 21

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 80.3 18.0 1.7 57.4 31.8 8.7 2.1 5,377 Second 84.6 14.9 0.5 68.7 24.9 5.4 1.0 4,036 Middle 86.5 13.4 0.2 73.8 19.1 6.0 1.1 3,828 Fourth 83.0 16.1 0.9 83.2 12.1 3.4 1.4 2,736 Highest 90.2 9.1 0.7 94.1 2.9 1.6 1.4 1,203

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 57 Table HC.5: Unemployment rate

Percent distribution of population 15 years or more who are unemployed, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Total number of Unemployed and Employed Total households 15 years or seeking job more in active labour force

Punjab 93.2 6.8 100.0 163,215

District Khanewal 94.8 5.2 100.0 4,524

Tehsil

Khanewal 93.6 6.4 100.0 1,215 Kabirwala 95.1 4.9 100.0 1,484 Mian Channu 95.3 4.7 100.0 1,307 Jahanian 95.7 4.3 100.0 519

Area of residence

Rural 95.7 4.3 100.0 3,601 All Urban 91.2 8.8 100.0 924 Other Urban 91.2 8.8 100.0 924

Age

15-24 85.0 15.0 100.0 1,253 23-34 97.2 2.8 100.0 1,099 35-44 99.1 0.9 100.0 944 45-54 99.0 1.0 100.0 637 55-64 100.0 0.0 100.0 394 65-74 99.3 0.7 100.0 157 75+ 100.0 0.0 100.0 40

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 96.2 3.8 100.0 1,403 Second 95.3 4.7 100.0 1,046 Middle 94.8 5.2 100.0 992 Fourth 92.6 7.4 100.0 759 Highest 92.0 8.0 100.0 324

58 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.6: Family member working outside village Percent distribution of population working outside village and place of work, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Place of work of members working outside village/ town Number of Members household Other working Number of members village/Other town District or Province outside household DK/ working orvillage/ district or provinceOther or Otheror Overseas village/ members missing outside province or overseas overseas town town district province village/ overseas town

Punjab 11.6 592,843 21.2 26.8 11.5 38.8 1.7 68,593

District Khanewal 8.6 17,180 14.9 44.8 15.0 24.3 1.1 1,471

Tehsil Khanewal 10.0 4,631 10.3 47.0 18.7 22.4 1.7 461 Kabirwala 8.7 5,551 21.6 47.3 14.6 16.5 483 Mian Channu 6.9 4,960 17.2 43.9 14.4 23.8 0.7 343 Jahanian 9.0 2,038 4.4 34.1 7.9 50.8 2.8 183

Area of residence Rural 7.8 13,965 14.0 48.6 15.5 21.4 0.5 1,092 All Urban 11.8 3,215 17.5 33.7 13.5 32.6 2.8 378 Other Urban 11.8 3,215 17.5 33.7 13.5 32.6 2.8 378

Education of household head None 7.7 8,022 10.2 55.8 16.6 17.4 616 Primary 8.9 3,059 23.7 29.8 13.6 28.0 4.9 271 Middle 10.3 1,952 19.5 38.6 12.3 28.3 1.2 200 Secondary 8.1 2,798 16.8 42.9 18.1 22.2 227 Higher 11.2 1,327 9.4 39.7 5.6 45.3 149 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 1 Missing/DK 37.0 21 100.0 8

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 5.4 5,377 15.1 54.0 12.8 16.4 1.8 293 Second 8.3 4,036 25.2 53.8 13.1 7.2 0.7 337 Middle 8.5 3,828 13.5 49.0 14.1 21.0 2.5 325 Fourth 9.4 2,736 6.5 40.4 17.0 36.1 258 Highest 21.4 1,203 11.3 21.3 19.2 48.2 258

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 59 Table HC.7A: Main material of the floor

Percent distribution of household according to main material of floor, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Others/ Number of No Floor Katcha floor Pacca floor Missing households

Punjab 1.9 40.6 57.4 0.1 91,075

District Khanewal 3.9 56.0 39.9 0.1 2,599

Tehsil

Khanewal 1.4 53.1 45.4 0.1 675 Kabirwala 5.2 62.0 32.7 0.1 858 Mian Channu 6.2 55.6 38.2 0.0 754 Jahanian 0.4 47.0 52.3 0.3 312

Area of residence

Rural 4.2 64.1 31.6 0.1 2,115 All Urban 2.7 21.0 76.1 0.2 485 Other Urban 2.7 21.0 76.1 0.2 485

Education of household head

None 4.2 71.7 24.1 0.0 1,212 Primary 4.9 56.5 38.1 0.5 446 Middle 4.1 45.2 50.7 0.0 295 Secondary 2.3 36.2 61.5 0.0 431 Higher 3.0 20.8 75.9 0.4 213 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 6.3 89.7 3.7 0.2 879 Second 4.2 72.1 23.5 0.1 600 Middle 3.1 38.0 58.9 0.0 553 Fourth 0.8 5.7 93.5 0.0 396 Highest 0.0 1.6 98.4 0.0 172

60 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.7B: Main material of the roof

Percent distribution of household according to main material of roof, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of Others/ Natural roofing Katcha roofing Pacca roofing households Missing enumerated

Punjab 0.3 15.8 83.5 0.4 91,075

District Khanewal 0.2 21.0 78.7 0.0 2,599

Tehsil

Khanewal 0.0 20.8 79.2 0.0 675 Kabirwala 0.7 24.4 74.9 0.0 858 Mian Channu 0.0 17.2 82.8 0.0 754 Jahanian 0.0 21.4 78.2 0.4 312

Area of residence

Rural 0.3 22.8 76.9 0.0 2,115 All Urban 0.0 13.3 86.6 0.1 485 Other Urban 0.0 13.3 86.6 0.1 485

Education of household head

None 0.4 28.8 70.8 0.0 1,212 Primary 0.3 20.9 78.6 0.2 446 Middle 0.0 14.9 85.1 0.0 295 Secondary 0.0 11.5 88.5 0.0 431 Higher 0.0 4.4 95.4 0.1 213 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.7 44.5 54.8 0.0 879 Second 0.0 18.9 81.1 0.0 600 Middle 0.0 6.4 93.6 0.0 553 Fourth 0.0 1.3 98.5 0.2 396 Highest 0.0 0.4 99.4 0.2 172

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 61 Table HC.7C: Main material of the walls Percent distribution of household according to main material of walls, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Percent distribution of household according to main material of floor, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of Others/ No walls Katcha walls Pacca walls households Missing enumerated

Punjab 1.5 22.0 76.2 0.2 91,075

District Khanewal 0.8 34.4 64.6 0.1 2,599

Tehsil

Khanewal 0.7 30.1 69.1 0.0 675 Kabirwala 1.1 41.6 57.0 0.3 858 Mian Channu 0.5 32.5 66.9 0.1 754 Jahanian 0.9 28.9 70.1 0.0 312

Area of residence

Rural 0.9 40.1 58.8 0.2 2,115 All Urban 0.4 9.6 89.9 0.0 485 Other Urban 0.4 9.6 89.9 0.0 485

Education of household head

None 1.3 47.1 51.4 0.3 1,212 Primary 0.8 34.1 65.0 0.0 446 Middle 0.2 24.0 75.8 0.0 295 Secondary 0.4 17.5 82.1 0.0 431 Higher 0.0 12.4 87.6 0.0 213 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 2.1 70.7 26.8 0.4 879 Second 0.4 35.1 64.5 0.0 600 Middle 0.0 10.1 89.9 0.0 553 Fourth 0.0 1.6 98.4 0.0 396 Highest 0.0 1.0 99.0 0.0 172

62 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.8A: Household utilities Proportion of household members using household utilities, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

None/ any two/ any three Possessions Utilities utilities

Total number of households TV Iron Gas Radio Mobile Internet No utilitiy Cabel TV Electricity Computer Cooler/fan Telephone Water filter Airconditioner Fridge/freezer Stitching Machine Washing machine Washing More than two utilities More than three utilities Donkey pump or turbine Cooking range/microwave

Punjab 92.5 26.4 40.0 63.2 20.8 15.9 71.0 8.5 4.8 40.3 6.6 48.8 86.4 6.0 72.7 80.2 3.4 54.5 3.6 93.4 88.5 592,843

ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE District Khanewal 87.6 17.5 33.4 46.9 9.9 7.2 65.2 3.8 1.7 25.1 3.1 30.0 72.1 2.2 64.4 70.1 1.4 55.6 6.8 88.1 80.8 17,180

Tehsil Khanewal 94.0 21.8 36.5 53.4 18.6 9.2 68.9 4.7 2.3 26.8 4.5 35.5 70.7 2.9 68.6 77.6 2.6 62.4 3.5 93.0 86.8 4,631 Kabirwala 80.2 18.9 28.6 35.5 4.7 6.9 61.1 2.6 1.0 22.0 2.4 24.7 67.0 1.6 61.3 64.1 0.8 41.8 9.8 83.3 74.1 5,551 Mian Channu 87.4 13.0 31.2 47.9 9.2 6.4 62.9 4.5 1.9 24.6 2.4 28.4 79.3 2.1 60.8 67.6 1.1 59.3 7.8 87.5 79.8 4,960 Jahanian 93.7 15.1 45.1 61.2 5.6 5.6 73.7 3.2 1.4 31.1 3.6 36.1 71.6 2.3 72.1 75.5 0.8 68.7 3.5 91.7 87.4 2,038

Area of residence Rural 85.3 4.9 32.5 41.9 2.4 4.5 62.4 2.3 0.8 20.7 1.7 22.7 70.3 1.2 61.3 66.0 0.8 50.9 8.1 85.9 77.5 13,965 All Urban 97.8 72.3 37.4 68.8 42.4 19.2 77.6 10.3 5.3 44.2 9.1 61.9 80.0 6.2 78.1 88.0 4.0 76.2 1.1 97.9 94.7 3,215 Other Urban 97.8 72.3 37.4 68.8 42.4 19.2 77.6 10.3 5.3 44.2 9.1 61.9 80.0 6.2 78.1 88.0 4.0 76.2 1.1 97.9 94.7 3,215

Education of household head None 80.6 9.1 24.5 31.9 5.6 2.6 50.0 1.2 0.8 11.0 0.8 14.5 63.5 1.2 51.5 56.2 0.6 38.5 11.6 80.2 69.2 8,022 Primary 91.3 17.3 33.3 47.4 9.6 5.6 72.0 1.9 0.3 19.0 1.1 29.0 73.7 1.4 66.2 74.1 1.4 61.8 3.2 92.8 85.8 3,059 Middle 93.1 23.5 37.2 55.3 11.9 6.2 72.6 3.0 1.2 29.9 3.1 37.4 81.7 0.7 74.6 81.2 1.6 69.4 3.8 94.9 91.7 1,952 Secondary 94.9 29.2 45.8 67.7 15.6 14.3 83.1 6.6 2.9 47.1 4.6 51.4 81.4 3.5 79.4 86.9 2.5 74.3 2.5 96.0 92.5 2,798 Higher 98.2 35.6 56.3 80.4 21.2 25.7 93.2 18.6 8.4 70.7 18.3 70.9 86.1 9.2 91.4 93.5 3.5 85.6 0.0 98.6 97.9 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 29.7 33.3 37.0 0.0 0.0 70.3 0.0 0.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 70.3 70.3 0.0 37.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 21

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 61.6 0.4 14.2 6.6 0.5 0.5 28.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.9 42.8 0.5 28.8 25.7 0.1 4.0 21.7 62.3 40.1 5,377 Second 98.5 4.7 26.9 37.3 2.2 0.6 65.9 0.2 0.0 5.4 0.3 8.0 78.8 1.4 65.4 77.5 1.1 52.1 0.0 99.7 97.9 4,036 Middle 100.0 14.6 42.5 69.0 4.8 3.5 84.6 1.2 0.1 27.6 0.6 37.1 84.6 0.3 81.8 94.3 0.5 91.2 0.0 100.0 100.0 3,828 Fourth 100.0 44.4 57.2 87.5 24.3 12.9 94.5 5.4 1.3 68.8 4.1 80.3 91.6 1.1 93.9 99.6 0.8 94.7 0.0 100.0 100.0 2,736 Highest 100.0 85.1 58.2 96.8 60.8 58.3 96.9 37.0 20.6 94.7 31.9 97.0 96.5 20.6 97.9 100.0 12.2 96.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1,203 63 Table HC.8B: Household possessions Proportion of household members having household possessions, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

None/ at least one PossessionsUtilities possession Total car or Animal At least number of Motorcycle/ No Watch Bicycle other drawn- one households scooter possession vehicle cart possession

Punjab 89.0 53.9 26.9 8.9 7.6 5.6 94.4 592,843

District Khanewal 82.1 71.7 21.7 7.2 9.3 8.5 91.5 17,180

Tehsil

Khanewal 80.3 70.9 22.5 8.0 8.9 8.9 91.1 4,631 Kabirwala 81.1 74.0 20.1 5.5 8.8 8.6 91.4 5,551 Mian Channu 83.9 69.4 20.5 7.7 11.0 8.9 91.1 4,960 Jahanian 84.6 72.9 27.5 9.3 7.5 6.5 93.5 2,038

Area of residence

Rural 81.3 74.1 21.2 7.3 10.8 8.5 91.5 13,965 All Urban 85.7 61.2 23.9 7.1 2.9 8.4 91.6 3,215 Other Urban 85.7 61.2 23.9 7.1 2.9 8.4 91.6 3,215

Education of household head

None 74.5 69.9 12.4 4.4 11.3 12.4 87.6 8,022 Primary 87.2 74.8 20.6 5.7 7.5 5.1 94.9 3,059 Middle 86.5 73.7 21.4 9.0 9.6 6.8 93.2 1,952 Secondary 89.4 71.9 35.1 11.1 5.7 5.0 95.0 2,798 Higher 94.2 72.4 52.9 17.4 8.7 2.9 97.1 1,327 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 Missing/DK 100.0 70.3 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 21

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 62.8 67.3 4.6 1.4 9.7 18.0 82.0 5,377 Second 82.7 73.0 11.6 3.4 10.3 7.8 92.2 4,036 Middle 93.1 76.2 27.3 7.3 8.9 3.1 96.9 3,828 Fourth 96.5 73.6 44.0 17.0 9.1 2.1 97.9 2,736 Highest 98.6 68.7 63.9 24.1 6.2 0.3 99.7 1,203

64 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.9: House, agricultural land and livestock ownership Percent distribution of household population by ownership of house, argricultural land and livestock, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

House Ownership Own Number of Rent free/ Govt./ Own but Own Other/ agricluture household Own Rented squatter/ Subsdized mortgaged or livestock Missing land members other rent pledged

Punjab 84.2 5.2 8.6 1.5 0.1 0.5 34.2 50.9 91,075

District Khanewal 85.7 2.4 9.2 2.4 0.0 0.4 38.2 63.8 2,599

Tehsil Khanewal 82.1 2.9 10.5 4.3 0.0 0.2 29.5 59.3 675 Kabirwala 84.5 2.6 11.9 0.8 0.0 0.3 43.2 68.6 858 Mian Channu 89.2 2.2 5.0 2.9 0.0 0.7 41.3 63.0 754 Jahanian 88.3 1.6 8.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 35.9 62.1 312

Area of residence Rural 86.9 0.5 10.1 2.2 0.0 0.3 44.3 73.7 2,115 All Urban 80.5 10.7 5.1 3.0 0.0 0.7 11.7 20.5 485 Other Urban 80.5 10.7 5.1 3.0 0.0 0.7 11.7 20.5 485

Education of household head None 83.0 1.4 12.4 2.7 0.0 0.5 34.1 72.9 1,212 Primary 85.5 2.6 9.7 1.9 0.0 0.3 33.4 60.6 446 Middle 91.5 1.9 4.7 1.7 0.0 0.2 43.9 57.6 295 Secondary 88.5 3.9 4.7 2.4 0.0 0.4 43.7 51.8 431 Higher 87.5 5.3 4.7 2.5 0.0 0.0 53.4 51.1 213 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK #### 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 78.4 0.7 17.2 3.2 0.0 0.5 33.7 77.8 879 Second 88.8 1.6 7.4 1.9 0.0 0.3 35.4 70.4 600 Middle 89.2 3.0 5.4 2.2 0.0 0.2 44.4 60.6 553 Fourth 90.8 4.4 2.5 1.8 0.0 0.5 46.0 45.0 396 Highest 88.9 7.5 1.3 1.8 0.0 0.4 33.4 22.1 172

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 65 Table HC.10: Household size and mean number of persons per room

Number of household members Mean Mean number of Number of Total household persons households 1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10+ size per room

Punjab 1.1 12.1 25.4 30.3 18.5 12.6 100.0 6.5 3.7 91,075

District Khanewal 1.2 11.7 25.1 29.1 18.5 14.3 100.0 6.6 3.6 2,599

Tehsil

Khanewal 1.4 10.1 22.7 30.7 18.9 16.2 100.0 6.9 3.7 675

Kabirwala 0.8 13.0 26.2 28.9 17.7 13.5 100.0 6.5 3.5 858

Mian Channu 1.4 11.6 26.8 26.7 19.2 14.3 100.0 6.6 3.5 754

Jahanian 1.8 12.3 23.1 31.8 18.3 12.7 100.0 6.5 3.5 312

Area of residence

Rural 1.1 12.0 25.1 29.3 18.3 14.3 100.0 6.6 3.5 2,115

All Urban 1.9 10.8 24.9 28.1 19.6 14.7 100.0 6.6 3.7 485

Other Urban 1.9 10.8 24.9 28.1 19.6 14.7 100.0 6.6 3.7 485

Sex of household head

Male 1.0 11.5 24.8 29.3 18.8 14.7 100.0 6.7 3.6 2,535

Female 9.9 22.5 38.0 18.5 9.8 1.4 100.0 4.5 2.7 64

66 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.11A: Receiving remittance from Pakistan Percent of households that received any remittance from Pakistan during the last year and median value of remittance recieved. Punjab, 2007-08

Amount of remittances recieved from Pakistan (Rs.) Total number of Households Median 3,000 to 10,000 households receiving Total less 5,000 to value of less to less 20,000 or Not receiving remittances number of than less than remittances than than more specified remittances from Pakistan household 3,000 10,000 from 5,000 20,000 from Pakistan (Rs.) Pakistan

Punjab 5.5 91,075 38.9 21.4 27.3 9.4 1.9 1.0 40,000 5,026

District Khanewal 4.7 2,599 37.8 27.6 23.5 7.3 1.8 1.9 36,000 122

Tehsil Khanewal 5.3 675 39.0 20.9 27.8 7.6 4.7 0.0 36,000 36 Kabirwala 5.1 858 43.4 32.6 19.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 36,000 44 Mian Channu 3.9 754 28.7 25.3 27.5 11.4 1.9 5.2 48,000 30 Jahanian 4.1 312 36.3 34.1 17.1 6.3 0.0 6.3 45,093 13

Area of residence Rural 4.7 2,115 35.9 26.1 25.5 8.5 1.7 2.4 41,843 98 All Urban 4.9 485 45.8 33.9 15.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 36,000 24 Other Urban 4.9 485 45.8 33.9 15.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 36,000 24

Education of household head None 5.1 1,212 41.1 22.2 23.2 8.3 1.4 3.8 36,000 62 Primary 5.1 446 33.9 35.8 23.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 36,000 23 Middle 4.1 295 32.1 30.3 30.8 6.9 0.0 0.0 44,496 12 Secondary 3.7 431 32.9 37.0 16.1 8.9 5.1 0.0 48,000 16 Higher 4.2 213 45.1 17.0 31.5 0.0 6.4 0.0 38,270 9 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0 ...... 0 Missing/DK 34.4 2 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,000 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.3 879 58.3 18.2 19.1 2.1 0.0 2.2 24,000 29 Second 6.0 600 36.3 28.2 27.9 5.2 0.0 2.5 43,350 36 Middle 5.3 553 25.5 36.5 18.1 14.3 2.9 2.7 48,000 30 Fourth 4.0 396 11.9 37.5 34.9 10.5 5.1 0.0 55,014 16 Highest 6.7 172 57.9 12.9 19.4 4.9 4.9 0.0 29,126 12

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 67 Table HC.11B: Receiving remittance from abroad Percent of households that received any remittance from abroad during the last year and median value of remittance recieved. Punjab, 2007-08

Amount of remittances recieved from abroad (Rs.) Total House- Median number of holds 3,000 to 5,000 to 10,000 value of Total less 20,000 households receiving less less to less Not remittances number of than or receiving remittance than than than specified from household 3,000 more remittances s from 5,000 10,000 20,000 Pakistanabroad from abroad abroad (Rs.)

Punjab 4.1 91,075 14.2 9.1 25.1 30.3 20.4 1.0 120,000 3,702

District Khanewal 1.6 2,599 17.9 21.6 24.8 26.6 7.3 1.8 84,000 42

Tehsil Khanewal 1.5 675 21.1 16.8 15.9 30.3 16.0 0.0 102,830 10 Kabirwala 1.0 858 28.6 7.3 35.8 17.5 10.9 0.0 87,442 9 Mian Channu 1.2 754 10.8 52.8 28.5 7.9 0.0 0.0 50,000 9 Jahanian 4.7 312 13.9 14.5 22.3 40.6 3.6 5.2 99,280 15

Area of residence Rural 1.4 2,115 17.4 22.9 23.1 28.6 5.5 2.5 94,183 30 All Urban 2.5 485 19.4 18.4 29.1 21.3 11.8 0.0 73,494 12 Other Urban 2.5 485 19.4 18.4 29.1 21.3 11.8 0.0 73,494 12

Education of household head None 1.0 1,212 17.0 30.1 15.0 31.9 0.0 6.0 54,034 13 Primary 2.3 446 19.8 14.6 37.2 28.4 0.0 0.0 83,580 10 Middle 1.4 295 43.3 0.0 50.1 0.0 6.7 0.0 87,260 4 Secondary 1.7 431 0.0 42.1 29.7 12.2 16.0 0.0 85,328 7 Higher 3.8 213 20.0 10.1 7.2 42.1 20.6 0.0 120,000 8 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0 ...... 0 Missing/DK 0.0 2 ...... 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.7 879 41.7 0.0 18.1 40.1 0.0 0.0 99,825 6 Second 0.4 600 0.0 32.4 67.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,470 3 Middle 2.1 553 9.1 39.1 27.1 18.1 0.0 6.6 50,000 12 Fourth 2.4 396 18.1 16.8 9.3 45.8 10.0 0.0 120,000 9 Highest 7.4 172 18.2 17.3 28.7 18.9 16.8 0.0 91,424 13

68 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.12: Cash donations Percent of households that received any cash donation during the last year and median value of zakat/donations, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Amount received Total number House- Median 3,000 5,000 10,000 of house-holds holds Total less 20,000 value of to less to less to less Not receiving receiving number of than or zakat/ than than than specified zakat/ cash household 3,000 more donations 5,000 10,000 20,000 donations donations

Punjab 1.4 91,075 83.1 5.5 4.4 2.5 0.9 3.6 5,000 1,300

District Khanewal 1.2 2,599 91.1 6.4 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 30

Tehsil Khanewal 1.6 675 92.8 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,529 10 Kabirwala 1.0 858 89.3 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,609 9 Mian Channu 0.8 754 84.7 15.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,413 6 Jahanian 1.4 312 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 4

Area of residence Rural 1.0 2,115 90.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 21 All Urban 1.9 485 91.9 0.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 9 Other Urban 1.9 485 91.9 0.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 9

Education of household head None 1.7 1,212 91.4 4.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,500 20 Primary 1.3 446 83.3 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 6 Middle 1.0 295 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,880 3 Secondary 0.3 431 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,328 1 Higher 0.0 213 ...... 0 Madrasa/NSC 0.00...... 0 Missing/DK 0.0 2 ...... 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 1.7 879 93.5 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 15 Second 0.6 600 77.6 0.0 22.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,038 3 Middle 1.7 553 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 10 Fourth 0.5 396 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,742 2 Highest 0.3 172 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 1

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT KHANEWAL 69 Table HC.13: Pension Benefits

Percentage of households recieving pension by source, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Source of pension Number of Receiving Total number households pension of households Govt EOBI Other Missing recieving pension

Punjab 6.2 91,075 91.8 1.8 0.6 5.9 5,678

District Khanewal 3.4 2,599 88.9 0.8 - 10.3 87

Tehsil

Khanewal 4.1 675 94.4 2.7 - 3.0 28 Kabirwala 3.5 858 85.3 0.0 - 14.7 30 Mian Channu 2.5 754 93.2 0.0 - 6.8 19 Jahanian 3.4 312 77.4 0.0 - 22.6 11

Area of residence

Rural 2.7 2,115 88.2 0.0 - 11.8 57 All Urban 6.2 485 90.1 2.5 - 7.4 30 Other Urban 6.2 485 90.1 2.5 - 7.4 30

Education of household head

None 1.0 1,212 63.5 0.0 - 36.5 12 Primary 1.6 446 88.7 0.0 - 11.3 7 Middle 5.0 295 100.0 0.0 - 0.0 15 Secondary 8.2 431 93.1 2.1 - 4.8 36 Higher 8.5 213 88.3 0.0 - 11.7 18 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.5 879 82.3 0.0 - 17.7 5 Second 1.8 600 52.1 0.0 - 47.9 11 Middle 4.4 553 100.0 0.0 - 0.0 24 Fourth 9.0 396 94.6 0.0 - 5.4 36 Highest 7.0 172 85.1 6.2 - 8.7 12

70 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.14A: Benefit from government social protection schemes Percentage of households benefiting from government social protection schemes, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Benefits Received benefits Number of from govt Total number of households Edu schemes of social households Dearness Health Education Marriage Subsidized Edu subsidy - getting Zakat subsidy - Other Missing protection allowance subsidy subsidy grant food Cash benefits Books

Punjab 15.6 91,075 1.4 1.0 7.0 21.2 0.1 0.8 53.8 12.0 1.6 1.1 14,241

District Khanewal 29.3 2,599 0.4 2.9 0.6 3.3 0.1 - 82.5 8.9 0.2 1.1 762

Tehsil

ESLWS EUT FDSRC KHANEWAL DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Khanewal 25.8 675 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 - 16.8 3.4 0.1 0.2 174 Kabirwala 18.6 858 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 - 15.5 3.5 0.1 0.3 160 Mian Channu 41.1 754 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.0 - 37.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 310 Jahanian 37.8 312 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 - 13.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 118

Area of residence Rural 31.5 2,115 0.4 3.0 0.2 2.8 0.0 - 86.4 5.8 0.1 1.2 666 All Urban 19.8 485 0.5 2.3 3.1 6.5 0.8 - 55.2 30.6 0.7 0.3 96 Other Urban 19.8 485 0.5 2.3 3.1 6.5 0.8 - 55.2 30.6 0.7 0.3 96

Education of household head None 29.0 1,212 0.8 3.7 0.5 1.8 0.2 - 85.7 5.9 0.0 1.3 352 Primary 30.0 446 0.0 1.6 0.0 3.4 0.0 - 86.0 7.6 1.2 0.2 134 Middle 32.5 295 0.0 3.8 1.4 3.5 0.0 - 80.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 96 Secondary 27.6 431 0.0 1.3 0.7 6.0 0.0 - 75.3 14.4 0.0 2.4 119 Higher 28.6 213 0.0 3.0 1.2 5.5 0.0 - 74.4 15.2 0.0 0.6 61 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 31.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 26.0 879 1.0 7.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 - 84.7 2.2 0.4 1.3 229 Second 33.5 600 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.3 0.0 - 84.8 11.4 0.0 0.5 201 Middle 35.2 553 0.0 1.6 0.4 2.1 0.4 - 86.6 8.1 0.0 0.8 195 Fourth 28.7 396 0.0 2.0 2.1 6.2 0.0 - 71.9 15.8 0.6 1.5 113 Highest 14.0 172 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.9 0.0 - 59.2 26.8 0.0 4.0 24 71 Table HC.14B: Purchasing goods from government utility stores Percent distribution of households who are purchasing goods from government utility stores, MICS Punjab, 20

How often purchase goods Considers govt utility stores as Number of Households Total from utility stores benefitial to a common man households purchasing number of purchasing goods from house- goods from utility stores holds Regularly Rarely Missing Yes No DK Missing utility stores

Punjab 11.8 91,075 16.8 79.4 3.8 20.9 69.7 8.6 0.9 10,780

District Khanewal 7.0 2,599 9.3 80.2 10.5 50.8 45.7 2.7 0.9 181

Tehsil Khanewal 7.6 675 8.7 75.3 16.0 43.7 51.1 3.8 1.3 51 Kabirwala 5.5 858 15.8 68.3 15.8 27.5 66.8 4.8 0.9 47 Mian Channu 7.7 754 6.0 92.9 1.2 74.0 25.0 0.1 0.8 58 Jahanian 8.1 312 6.1 82.8 11.1 73.6 25.7 0.7 0.0 25

Area of residence Rural 4.8 2,115 7.4 82.5 10.2 52.8 44.6 2.0 0.6 101 All Urban 16.4 485 11.7 77.4 10.9 41.9 50.2 5.7 2.2 80 Other Urban 16.4 485 11.7 77.4 10.9 41.9 50.2 5.7 2.2 80

Education of household head None 4.0 1,212 4.9 79.5 15.6 48.9 47.8 2.6 0.7 48 Primary 5.8 446 6.3 81.6 12.1 52.8 41.8 3.9 1.4 26 Middle 11.4 295 10.5 86.0 3.4 51.6 45.4 2.4 0.6 33 Secondary 11.2 431 12.5 80.9 6.6 50.8 45.7 2.3 1.2 48 Higher 11.6 213 13.0 71.2 15.9 55.9 41.8 1.7 0.6 25 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0 Missing/DK 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.6 34.4 0.0 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 2.4 879 9.0 80.1 10.9 47.3 48.4 3.4 1.0 21 Second 5.5 600 4.5 76.8 18.7 51.8 46.5 1.1 0.6 33 Middle 6.8 553 8.2 86.5 5.3 53.5 42.7 2.7 1.2 38 Fourth 15.1 396 11.1 81.1 7.8 52.9 42.5 3.5 1.1 60 Highest 17.4 172 12.6 74.4 13.0 51.3 45.9 2.8 0.0 30

72 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08