By John Boyle O©Reilly

Thunder our thanks to her guns, hearts, and lips! Cheer from the ranks to her, Shout from the hanks to her Mayflower! Foremost and best of our ships.

Mayflower! Twice in the national story Thy dear name in letters of gold Woven in texture that never grows old Winning a home and winning glory! Sailing the years to us, welcomed for aye; Cherished for centuries, dearest to-day. Every heart throbs for her, every flag dips- Mayflower! First and last, best of our ships.

White as a seagull, she swept the long passage, True as the homing-bird flies with its message. Love her? O, richer than silk every sail of her. Trust her? More precious than gold every nail of her. Write we down faithfully every man©s part in her; Greet we all gratefully every true heart in her. More than a name to us, sailing the fleetest, Symbol of that which is purest and sweetest: More than a keel to us, steering the straightest, Emblem of that which is freest and greatest: More than a dove-bosomed sail to the windward, Flame passing on while the night-clouds fly hindward. Kiss every plank of her! None shall take rank of her; Frontward or weatherward, none can eclipse. Thunder our thanks to her! Cheer from the banks to her! Mayflower! Foremost and best of our ships! THE MINISTRY Official journal of the Ministerial Association of Seventh-day Adventists

VOLUME XXX AUGUST, 1957 Xo. 8 Editor IN THIS ISSUE ROY ALLAN ANDERSON (Special Theme: The Pilgrim Story) Managing Editor J. ARTHUR BUCKWALTER ARTICLES Religious Motivation of the Mayflower Pilgrims Associate Editor Daniel Walther 5 LOUISE C. KLEUSER Who Were the Pilgrims of Plymouth? ___ . Frank H. Yost 9 Character High Lights of the Pilgrim Pioneers J. A. Buck-waiter 12 Assistant Editors E. E. CLEVELAND WALTER SCHUBERT SPECIAL FEATURE The Mayflower II Recalls the Pilgrim Story ______14 Consulting Editors John Robinson©s Farewell Exhortation, p. 16 R. R. FIGUHR, W. R. BEACH The Mayflower Compact, p. 18 A. V. OLSON, W. B. OCHS, E. D. DICK Plymouth, "America©s Home Town," p. 21 America Welcomes the Mayflower II, p. 24 Art Editor T. K. MARTIN EDITORIAL Hold the Torch of Freedom High! .__... R. A. Anderson 27 Circulation Manager WALTER SCHUBERT REGULAR FEATURES E. E. CLEVELAND, Assistant Shepherdess ...... _...... _.._...... _...... _...._.._....__ 30 Quotable Quotes __ ...... -._- _ -..-. -...._ ..._...... __._. 37 Overseas Contributors Seed Thoughts for Sermons ....__...... _._.._...... _._...... 39 Health Evangelism ...__...... _...... _._...... ___._...... _...... _ 41 GEORGE BURNSIDE Australasia A. BUERGER Central Europe J. R. SPANGLER Far East POETRY H. J. WESTPHAL Inter-America G. J. APPEL Middle East Mayflower ...... _.... _...... _...... _....._.... John Boyle O©Reilly 2 G. D. KING Northern Europe The Pilgrim Story . . . __..____ Felicia Dorthea Hermans 4 W. E. MURRAY South America The Mayflower ...... ___...... _.. __ Erastus W. Ellsworth 26 S. G. MAXWELL Southern Asia The Pilgrim Fathers ...____.. .__...... _._. John Pierpont 47 J. F. ASHLOCK Southern Asia A. MEYER Southern Europe G. CUPERTINO Our Cover

Printed and published monthly for the Min WIDE WORLD©S magnificent photo of the Mayflower II isterial Association of Seventh-day Adventists under full sail on the high seas provides a delightful cover I-.*/ t>i^ Rpview and Herald Publishing Associa- ihington, D.C., U.S.A., $3.50 a picture for this issue of THE MINISTRY, which is devoted to ;nts a copy. Add 25 cents for yearly the saga of the Pilgrim pioneers of America©s New England shore. Our readers will be especially interested in the picture story (pp. 14-25) that highlights famous events of this epic voyage. AUGUST, 1957 THE MINISTRY Religious Motivation of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims

Professor of Church History, SDA Theological Seminary DANIEL WALTHER

I HERE is hardly another adventurers, while the Separatists, who 1 ship in modern times that about the same time left England for Hol has aroused as much curiosity land, went for religious reasons. and conjecture as the May flower, whose sixty-six-day Beliefs of the Separatists crossing of the Atlantic be The Separatists of England, with whom longs to the epic past of colo the crossing of the Mayflower is so closely nial America. The memorable connected, had their beginning in the reign voyage in the fall of 1620 is part of our of Queen Elizabeth I. They differed from historic American folklore upon which the Puritans in that they would not con many Americans look back with patriotic form to the Anglican Church. They did not pride, especially if they can really prove believe in simply "purifying" the State that one of their ancestors was one of the church from Romanism, and considered passengers. Of course, everyone knows Will the Puritans to be as "vile" as the Angli Rogers© wry remark that his ancestors did cans and the Catholics. As the Separatists not come over on the Mayflower but were went their own way under the leadership on the shore to welcome the Pilgrims. of Robert Browne, they were convinced The English have built the replica of the that they could not in any way conform Mayflower in a dramatic good-will gesture. to the Anglican Church of State. They ad Captain Alan Villiers, the commander of vocated the separation of church and state, the Mayflower II, reports that it was about the formation of a congregational, or sep time that the English do something to ex arate type of independent church. press their gratitude for the common heri While the Separatists really did not be tage which causes Britons and Americans lieve in the union of church and state, they to see eye to eye at times in ideas and were definitely interested in a sound form purpose. It occurred to some Englishmen of government, and as far as they were at this time that while the other countries concerned, the Geneva type of government had expressed their gratitude for Amer would do. Sandys was quoted as saying, ica©s contribution such as the French who "If our God from heaven did constitute gave the Statue of Liberty England, from and direct a form of government, it is that whom so much had come in the past, had of Geneva." T Nonconformists in England at most sent a few exchange professors. under Elizabeth I, and later under James I, Perhaps, also, it is in order to remind had stood their ground and obtained no Americans that after all, their history has toriety by persecution and martyrdom. had its roots in England! Three of their best leaders were executed The duplicate of the Mayflower "right as criminals in 1593, and many fled to within a 16th of an inch" was built in Holland (Amsterdam) under the reign of Brixham harbor. If the seventeenth-cen Elizabeth I. tury Pilgrims could have seen it, they Under James I, John Smyth, a Cam would have recognized their Mayflower, ex bridge man, founded a company of Separa cept that it looked, of course, a lot better tists at Gainsborough. Among the small than the original. The repeat voyage of the company at Scrooby Manor there were Mayflower coincides with the celebration some of the later American Pilgrims, who of the founding of Jamestown in 1607 as became famous in the New as well as the a result of the voyage of the Susan Con Old World William Brewster, William stant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery. Bradford, and John Robinson. The latter Jamestown was settled by merchants and was their pastor; Brewster was the only AUGUST, 1957 "gentleman" among the leaders. He had the Sabbath from three o©clock on Satur some university training without, however, day afternoon, spending the rest of the day ever graduating. Robinson led his flock in catechizing and making ready for the to Leyden in Holland to escape persecu next day©s proper observance. * tion under James I. There were Separatists The Separatists were neither willing to from Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, and give up their religious convictions nor to Yorkshire. live any longer outside their king©s domain. The trip in 1608 from England to Hol They had strong opinions, to be sure, but land through the North Sea was no small unlike the later Puritans, the Separatists matter. During their voyage they experi were loyal to their "dread Soveraigne." enced a "fearfull storme," which they were The Dutch, who knew of the restlessness to remember twelve years hence when they of their guests, offered them the oppor definitely thought of leaving for the New tunity to emigrate to the New World, and World and crossing the uncharted Atlantic. to colonize certain areas on the Hudson "By a joynte consent they resolved to goe in behalf of Holland. But the Separatists© into ye Low Countries where they heard aim was to settle in Virginia. At first they was freedome of Religion for all men." In were convinced that "the thing was of Leyden the Separatists enjoyed indeed God." But their requests to settle in the "much sweete and delightful societie and New World, in Virginia, by royal grant, spiritual comforte." 2 The Separatists were were repeatedly rejected. One of the bit not persecuted in Leyden, and they even terest opponents of the Separatists© going enjoyed a certain degree of prosperity. to the New World was the Archbishop of They bought a house in Leyden that was Canterbury, who thought of Virginia as to serve as a meeting place. the fief of the Anglican Church, and of the Restless Exiles Desire Neiv-World Haven Separatists as troublemakers, both in church and government. The Sepai©atists, Although the Separatists seemed to live on the other hand, came to realize that they unmolested in a country that was itself would not feel happy in emigrating to an torn by all kinds of religious controversies Anglican colony. (particularly the Arminian question) and The hopes of the Leyden Separatists were immensely attracted by an ever-ex were by no means raised when they heard panding colonial empire, they nevertheless of the catastrophe that befell some of found that conditions in Holland were not their fellow believers of Amsterdam in ideal. The members of the Leyden church 1618, who attempted to sail to Virginia un became restless, as naturally an uprooted der the leadership of Blackwell. Of the people would, as guests in a foreign land. 180 passengers, 130 died on an over There was no possibility for the advance crowded vessel. ment of the gospel as they saw it and as More instrumental in bringing about the they had proclaimed it heretofore. Most voyage was Thomas Weston. He had no of all, their children quickly assimilated a religious motive, but worked to obtain a foreign language, as children will, but grant for the Separatists for the northern lacked a strong basic religious education. part of Virginia because of the increasingly- Very interesting was the Separatists© at favorable reports about the lucrative fish titude toward the Sabbath. The contact of eries. The entire proceedings of the voyage the young Separatists with the Dutch the preparation, the frustrating anxiety, caused them to neglect and even corrupt the uncertainty about receiving permis the Sabbath-day worship. The elders of sion are all well known. Finally, the plan the Leyden church tried vainly to remedy matured to leave Holland and to meet the the situation. Cotton Mather stated: "They Mayflower at Southampton. could not, with ten years endeavor bring their neighbors particularly to any suit Passengers Aboard the "Mayflower" able observance of the Lord©s day, without The usual conception is that the Pil which they knew that all practical religion grims were all Separatists and that all of must wither miserably." 3 The Massachu them came from Leyden, after having fled setts Colonial Records say that when they their native England. But the facts are were in the New World the Massachusetts somewhat different. Bay Company particularly enjoined upon In 1620, when the Mayflower crossed the its colony at Salem that the people observe Atlantic, there were 238 Separatists mem- THE MINISTRY bers at ©Leyden, but only 35 of them left "Mayflower" was a popular name. There Holland, embarking at Delfshaven on were nineteen other vessels called May July 22, 162.0. The departure was not easy. flower in English records at that time. It is William Bradford in his History of Plym of interest to note that the few contem outh Plantation said that when these 35 porary journals of the historical crossing Separatists left, "tears did gush from every scarcely mention the ship©s name. 6 eye" on this "sade and mournfull parting." The Mayflower of the Pilgrims was over Of the 149 people that were on the May crowded and smelly, leaky, old, and not flower, 48 were officers and crew. Of the far from rotten, for one of her main beams 101 passengers (or were there 102?), 56 broke in a storm at sea and had to be were from London and only 35 from Ley- propped up by a "great iron scrue." It was den. indeed a ripe old ship. We are told that Those that came from London were not the Mayflower II is not to duplicate that! all Separatists. One historian estimates that Besides the passengers, the ship was loaded of the 101 colonists on the Mayflower, only with furniture and food, and there were the a mere dozen constituted the membership inevitable dogs, some goats, swine, and of the first church." 3 chickens. The cattle came over with Wins- There were thirty-one children on board low on another voyage in 1624. William (eleven of them were girls). With the ex Bradford, second governor of the colony, ception of one, none of these children had in his History of Plymouth Plantation, said either father or mother among the pas that "after they had injoyed faire winds sengers. They may have been waifs sent to and weather for a season, they were in- Virginia an increasingly used practice. countered many times with cross winds and At least nine of the adults were indentured met with many fierce stormes," and, after servants and hired artisans who were se "long beating at sea, they fell with that lected to work in the colony and in the land which is called Cape Cod . . . they fisheries. were not a little joyfull." John Alden and Miles Standish were not Quite helpful to them was the map made Separatists at the time of departure. Alden by Captain Smith, which permitted the was a cooper, who later on joined the Mayflower©s Captain Jones to recognize the church. Miles Standish was a soldier, and area. Interestingly enough, the Congres it is questionable whether he ever became sional Library features as one of its most a member of the church. recent publications Captain John Smith©s The majority of the passengers on the Map of Virginia. (It is a facsimile repro Mayflower were doubtless affiliated with duced from an engraving in the Library, the Church of England. and accompanied by a four-page brochure with the same title. It may be obtained at Religious Leadership Came From the Card Division for $1.75. It is a 16 x 19 Pilgrim Minority reproduction and suitable for framing.) The leadership in religious matters came from the Pilgrim minority. They were the The story of the Pilgrims who landed salt of the lump. They furnished religious at Plymouth Harbor has often been told. and political leadership. Their chief con But no account is as moving, as interesting cern was the maintenance of the faith. in detail, as that of William Bradford. The The ship of 180 tons was chunky, square- Separatists who came on the Mayflower had rigged, double-decked, and had formerly little or no education. In thirty years less been engaged in the wine trade between than twenty University men came to Plym England and the Mediterranean ports. outh colonv from 1624-28 and from 1654-

OUR BIRTHRIGHT OF AMERICAN LIBERTY-

"God forbid that any son of New England should prove such a.profane Esau as to sell his birthright! Our ancestors, though not perfect and infallible in all respects, were a religious, brave, and virtuous set of men, whose love of liberty, civil and religious, brought them from their native land into the American deserts. By their generous care it is, under the smiles of a gracious providence, that we have now here a goodly heritage." Jonathan Mayhew. AUGUST, 1957 1669, and for fifty years there was no pub A symbol in spiritual adventure. To go lic school. It is rather surprising that the with loved ones to an unknown land and available books listed contain very few, if begin a new way of life. any, theological works. The Venetian am A symbol in vision. Theirs was a vision bassador, 1637, wrote caustically, "The of religious freedom as it could be lived in Brownists abhor letters, study, learned men, a new world. Because the Pilgrims de and think that ignorance is the only key parted from the Old World and came to to heaven. For this reason their followers the New World with this vision, they did have ceased to associate with others and not perish! have withdrawn to New England which is further North than Virginia, calling it New REFERENCES Canaan which to the Hebrews was the 1 Charles M. Andrews. The Colonial Period of American land of Promise." 7 History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934), Vol. I, p. 237. Some historians might be justified in 2 William Bradford. History oj Plymouth Plantation, edited by W. T. Davis, Original Narratives of Early American saying that the Separatists were not theo History, New York, 1908. pp. 33, ff. 3 Magnalia Christi, Book I. Chap. II, 5. logically minded. Was it a matter of apathy, * Massachusetts Colonial Records, 1, 395; in Charles M. poverty, or lack of opportunity? There were Andrews, The Colonial Period of American History, New Haven, 1934, Vol I. p. 252. other more immediate concerns. Before they 0 \\. W. Sweet, Revivalism in America, p. 14. 6 Captain Alan Villiers, "We©re Coming Over on the could devote time to the study of theology, Mayflower," The National Geographic Magazine, May, 1957, they had to settle down, take root, fight for p. 714. 7 Calendar Venetian Papers, 1636-39. in Andrews, op. cit., their existence, and overcome privation and p. 275. hunger. Their first labor on December 25, a short time after landing, was to build a public community house that was open Early Days of the Plymouth Colony to all. Their first concern was to be able to live their faith in a noncontaminated envi Then "they occupied but a clearing on the ronment. They had a great number of pri edge of the vast and unknown wilderness. Mys vations to endure, but they also had the terious and unexplored, it stretched intermin advantage of beginning unhampered and ably before them, while the midwinter North At unmolested in their privileged pioneering lantic tossed as endlessly behind them. In the of a type of world that might have caught woods, Indian yells had been heard, and an oc the interest of Thomas More, the author of casional savage had been seen skulking behind Utopia. cover. John Goodman, going for a walk one The subsequent history of the Plymouth evening with his dog, suddenly found the small colony indicates that tolerance was not a beast taking refuge between his legs, chased by strong point of the Pilgrims. Victims of two wolves. . . . intolerance, they in turn became intolerant, "Soon, owing to exposure, many of the and as far as freedom of religion is con- settlers fell ill; and so quickly did the disease concerned, they would have endorsed the spread, and so fatal were its effects, that by the ideas of Theodore de Beza and the strict end of March forty-four, or nearly one half of Calvinists of Geneva and Holland. the little company, were dead. Sometimes two or The experience of the Separatists is of three died in a day, and but six or seven were great value and an inspiration to the Bible well enough to nurse the living and bury the student today. The Pilgrims who formed corpses. Their kindness and courage under the minority of the Mayflower passengers these trials were beyond all praise. Before the have given the imprint of the American way arrival of the first supply ship, in the following of life, the American Weltanschauung, the autumn, six more had died, including the gover American form of government, and an nor, Carver, so that only one half the company American type of religion. remained. But the little colony was not to be Regardless of later modifications and ad crushed. justments and growth, the Mayflower is "Bradford was elected in Carver©s place, and above all a symbol: in March, in spite of the terrors which encom A symbol in courage, to brave the ele passed them, in spite of the graves of the dead, ments that made a voyage of this nature so which far outnumbered the homes of the living, hazardous. Winslow could yet note that ©the birds sang in A symbol in determination. There was the woods most pleasantly.© " JAMES TRUSLOW a purpose and an aim: to live one©s faith ADAMS, The Founding of New England, pp. in a free environment. 99, 100. THE MINISTRY Who Were the Pilgrims of Plymouth?

FRANK H. YOST Editor, "LIBERTY": A Magazine of Religious Freedom

AYFLOWER aristocrats? work at the same time among the English M There were none. The people. One hundred years before, the re descendants of the Mayflower forms of John Huss and Jerome had spread passengers have become lead to England, where John Wycliffe had pro ers in the United States dur claimed them, modified to suit the English ing the past 330 years, but the soul, with a vigorous attack on popery Mayflower folks themselves and other unscriptural errors. He even were humble people. put the Bible in the English tongue of The Puritans who established the towns the day, before threats against his life drove of Salem, Boston, Cambridge, and Dor him into retirement. chester from 1628 were upper middle class, educated and cultured. Not so the Pilgrims Beginnings of Reformation in England who founded their colony at Plymouth, Years later came the Lutheran reforma Massachusetts, in 1620. They were lower tion in Germany, and the German mer middle class working men, artisans, farm chants and artisans in London spread the ers, country villagers from Yorkshire and Lutheran revived gospel, and a reforma Lincolnshire in England of no social tion of English hearts began. By this time standing and of no standing whatever in Henry VIII was king of England, and peo England. ple began to die for the reformed faith. The people of the Mayflower have been When Henry made himself head of the called "Pilgrims" because for conscience© English church, he had no intention of sake they wandered from their homes in founding an English Lutheran church. But England to the Netherlands, then, after his son Edward had been nurtured under years there, back to England to take ship men of a genuine reforming spirit, and (and such a ship) to the New World in when the child became king in 1547, he North America, to try their fortune in a permitted his advisors to form a Protestant mere wilderness. They hoped to find there Anglican Church. at last a freedom they knew they could Never in sound health, Edward VI died not then enjoy in Old England. in his teens, and was followed by his oldest The 102 passengers on the Mayflower sister Mary, who, reared by her mother, were a small part of a convinced, strict, the Spanish Catherine, was a determined religious group that arose in sixteenth- Roman Catholic. She became the wife of century England during the reign of Queen Catholic Philip II of Spain, harsh and in Elizabeth I. They were called Separatists tolerant ruler of Spain and the Nether because of their church polity and Brown- lands. Mary was called "Bloody," because ists because of Robert Browne, their many Protestants died for their faith in founder, who later departed from his own England during her reign. particularist doctrines. Elizabeth I took the throne when Mary To recall the meaning of the Pilgrims© died in 1558. She was resolved to be a separatism we must remember that when strong Queen and to tolerate no religious Henry VIII declared himself the head of variations. She wanted the English Catholi the Church of England in 1534, he was not cism of her father Henry to be the religion founding a Reformation church. He in of England, and personally unresponsive tended only to make himself, instead of to religious convictions, she would brook the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church no interference or divergence. in England, with such changes in conduct and method as might be good for the Puritanism Begins to Grow church, but no changes in doctrine or However, there arose during her reign a ritual. But a genuine spiritual force was at protesting group that wanted to change AUGUST, 1957 things in England. Called in derision "Puri at Worms had bravely declared, "Here, I tans," they wished to make the Calvinism stand. I cannot do otherwise; God help of Switzerland and of Scotland the religion me. Amen." of England. They urged the elimination This man Philip was opposed to any of all, particularly Roman Catholic, exist kind of reform anywhere, and it was a ing practices, and worse in Elizabeth©s eyes, double cross to him that his subjects in insisted on doing away with the bishops, the northern Lowland provinces were seek who, like the Roman Catholic bishops, ing independence, both religious and po wielded great power in the church. Claim litical. Fortunately for Europe, for history, ing that there was no foundation in the and for the cause of human freedom, the Bible for these ruling bishops, the Puritans Hollanders were able to secure their in asked for the substitution of pastors and dependence, and the Calvinist kingdom of elders who would, on the Swiss model, Holland resulted. guide the local congregations and send Amid these turmoils of reformation en delegates in conclave for the over-all busi deavors, a Roman Catholic priest named ness of the church. They still wanted, how Menno Simons defected, and began to ever, state support of the church. teach a very thoroughgoing reform: adher Elizabeth was bitterly opposed to the ence to the Bible and its principles; a sim Puritans, because they would disturb the ple form of church organization, locally religious status quo and put too much empowered; elimination of all distinctly power in the hands of the people. Eliza Roman Catholic beliefs and practices; ad beth, shrewd in politics, knew that the bish ministration of baptism by pouring, and ops gave her the best means of keeping only to those who had reached the age of England from going Lutheran or Calvan- accountability; and, as in the early church, ist, and of preventing outbreaks of religious the complete separation of church and enthusaism for which she had no under state, with no aid or control from the state standing or sympathy. Hence she had no over the church and the thorough divorce mercy on the rising Puritan movement, ment of the church from governmental or and sanctioned laws that prevented meet political affairs. Menno©s principles were ings of Puritan sympathizers as well as the widely accepted in Switzerland and in the printing and circulation of Puritan litera Netherlands, but of course not counte ture. nanced by the ecclesiastical or secular pow Strangely enough, Elizabeth©s successor ers of that day. to the throne in 1603, James I, in spite of the Calvinist training he had received Anabaptists, Brownists, Separatists in his native Scotland, vowed also that he The Anabaptists, or Again-Baptists as would "harry" every Puritan out of Eng they were called in derision, were bitterly land. But, led by able men of impeccable persecuted by all Roman Catholics, Luth middle-class standing, and even better, erans, and Calvinists. In the Spanish-con Puritanism continued to grow. Cambridge trolled Netherlands they suffered particu University, the center of Puritan learning, larly, for the Spanish Roman Catholics strong in its valid scholarship, continued hated them, and the Calvinist Reformed to turn out zealous, well-equipped advo- Church not only disliked their teachings vocates of Puritanism, and Parliament saw but feared that their extreme views would an increasing number of Puritans occupy make the reformed church©s relations with ing its seats, elected from "infected" dis the Catholics, bad as they were, even tricts. The fact was that England©s people worse. were ripe for something more than Henry Under these circumstances hundreds of VIII©s English Catholicism, and no royal Anabaptists fled the Netherlands, seeking opposition, whether from Elizabeth or some sort of haven of peace. Many of them James, could stop it. came to England, and being hardworking However, another foreign influence was farmers and artisans, were welcomed for at work in England. The Netherlands in their industry and skill. But the Anabap the sixteenth century, even while it was tists of that day were not passive and quiet, accepting en masse the reformed faith of seeking only peace for themselves, like Calvin, was under the iron hand of the their modern descendants, the Mennonites. . Catholic Spanish King Philip II, son of the They were vigorous missionaries who could emperor Charles V, before whom Luther not keep silent concerning the important 10 THE MINISTRY Bible truths they held. The very air of ness because it prevented them from pre England was vibrant with the feeling of senting a united front to their opponents: freedom, and the humble but zealous Hol a strength because there was no central landers found equally humble ears among organization of Separatists at which the the English common people ready to lis agents of the Crown could strike, leaving ten to old Christian truths freshly pre the bailiffs the onerous task of rooting out sented. each little gathering of the hated sectaries. Among those attracted to their views on The Independents, inevitably in view freedom of religion, separation of church of their concept of freedom, were united and state, and local, spiritual church gov on only a few major points, and in prac ernment, instead of episcopal control, was tice included a wide range of beliefs on a young clergyman by the name of Robert various religious matters. Eventually, out of Browne. He settled at Norwich,.where half the humble, low-class Anabaptist-Separatist the population was made up of Hollander background emerged the very respectable, refugees, many of them Anabaptists, and modern Congregationalists, practicing in as pastor there, Browne preached vigor fant baptism; the active, growing Baptists, ously the views he espoused. Another for the most part practicing immersion at leader was one Robert Harrison, and an the age of accountability; and the Society of other John Greenwood, who led the more Friends, or Quakers, with no ritual of any noted Henry Barrowe into the Separatists© kind and a minimum of church organiza views. Hence the names Brownist and Bar- tion. The Congregationalists of New Eng rowist were given to the new group, but the land practiced union of church and state name chiefly attached was Separatist or in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Independent, because these humble folk, Hampshire as late as 1833, when Massa who long had left the iron hand of politico- chusetts, the last of the three to do so, ecclesiastical control, were demanding (1) adopted separation. The Baptists and the independence of each congregation of Quakers have remained active advocates Christians from every other, what we now of separation of church and state. call the congregational form of polity maintained by many important Protestant Temporary Refuge in Holland bodies in the United States and Great Both Anglicans and Puritans hated the Britain today; and (2) complete separa Separatists, and they were dealt with tion of church and state, a doctrine given sternly and intolerantly. Knots of Separa at least lip service by nearly all Protestant tists maintained themselves as small en denominations in the United States today, claves in the cities, and in some upcountry firmly embodied in word and principle in villages. One of the latter was Scrooby, the Federal and every State Constitution, near the conjunction of Yorkshire, Lin and clearly defined in numerous decisions colnshire, and Nottinghamshire. Like other of the United States Supreme Court. Separatist groups, the Scrooby congregation The Separatists© doctrine of separation was made so uncomfortable that they took of church and state was hated and ridiculed refuge in Holland, proceeding to Leyden in that day, and its advocates were im in 1609 after a year spent in Amsterdam. prisoned and even burned at the stake in William Brewster, a well-educated layman England as traitors to the British crown. who had been an agent of the archbishop Their belief in separation prevented the of York at Scrooby Manor House, and the Separatists from using any sort of political Reverend John Robinson were leaders of influence in their own favor. Their doc this congregation. trine of congregational independence was But they were not happy at Leyden. both a weakness and a strength a weak There the Scrooby farmers were up against

SUBTLE ENCROACHMENTS OF TYRANNY. "Power, especially over-grown power, whets the ambition and sets all the witts to work to enlarge it. Therefore, encroachments on the people©s liberties are not generally made all at once, but so gradually as hardly to be perceived by the less watchful; and all plaistered over, it may be, with such plausible pretenses, that before they are aware of the snare, they are taken and cannot disentangle themselves." Samuel Webster. AUGUST, 1957 n the competition of the far-more advanced week voyage into Massachusetts Bay, and methods of skilled Hollander farmers, nor its passengers were unloaded on a stony were they able to fit themselves for the beach on a bleak day in late November. highly skilled manufacturing methods of This was outside the territory of the the then large and progressive city of Ley- Plymouth Company, a newly formed den. They saw too that the second genera branch of the Virginia Company, which tion of exiles were likely to grow up more was sponsoring them. They were now at Hollander than English. It was therefore a place where they had no legal right to decided to move again, and Virginia in be. They had among them a few not of the Ne\v World to the West seemed the their religious persuasion. Therefore a place to go. English authorities, who had compact was drawn up, and all the men reluctantly permitted these dissidents to signed, declaring their willingness to obey- leave England only because they would the decisions of the company of settlers be no trouble to them in Holland, were and to accept what leadership the people willing for them to go even farther away, would elect. After the untimely death of to North America. the colony©s first governor, John Carver, Hence the voyage of a number of the the governorship fell naturally to William Leyden group to England and their sub Bradford. sequent sailing on two little vessels, the So the wanderers of Scrooby and of Ley- Mayflower and the Speedwell, from Plym den established the first English colony in outh, England. The Speedwell had to turn the North, with only Jamestown, Virginia, back, and the Mayflower, owing to errors preceding them. They were not aristocrats, in its captain©s reckoning, intentional or unless aristocrats of courage, of faith, of otherwise, was steered after a hard nine- industry, and of freedom. Character High Lights of the Pilgrim Pioneers

I. A. BUCKWALTER Associate Secretary. General Conference Ministerial Association

E WHO have lived so long in this soft age the preliminary experiences of the Pilgrims Wof the twentieth century©s between-war prior to their embarkation from England and years can scarcely appreciate the sacrifices and Holland, and records in gripping human- hardships of America©s Pilgrim pioneers, and interest manner the story of the privations and the faith and fortitude with which they sur achievements of the early Plymouth plantation mounted a myriad o£ formidable obstacles in from the year 1620 to 1637.1 The original manu their freedom-quest migration to America and script found its way back to England and was colonization of New England. not returned to its homeland until more than History recorded one of its most intriguing two hundred years after its writing. chapters of the intrepid spirit of God-dedicated May 26, 1897 was a memorable occasion for men answering the call of destiny when the New England when Bradford©s historic manu Pilgrim Fathers, who had first sought temporary script, which had been legally transferred back refuge in Holland, rode the briny deep in their to Massachusetts by the decree of the Consisto- 180-ton wooden sailing bark to the then ice- rial and Episcopal Court of London the pre coated wilderness of our New England shores. vious month, was officially presented to the governor of the Commonwealth. Feature ad The Bradford Manuscript History dresses by the Honorable George F. Hoar, We are greatly indebted to one of their own senator from Massachusetts in the United States number for the highlights here presented, which Congress; the Honorable Thomas Francis Bay- are largely based upon the manuscript history written by Captain (later Governor) William 1 [This history has been in print since 1856. The volume of the original manuscript was a folio measuring about eleven Bradford, who sailed with his fellow English and a half inches in length and seven and seven eighths inches in width. It was bound in parchment and written by the men on the monumental voyage of the May hand of Captain Bradford, who was elected governor of the flower in 1620. Bradford©s history recounts not Plymouth Colony in April. 1621. after the early and untimely death of its first governor. John Carver. With the exception only the vicissitudes of ocean journey but also of the years 1635-1637, he continued as governor until 1650.] 12 THE MINISTRY ard, the first American ambassador to Great A God-covenanted Fellowship Britain, to whom the London Court had deliv From page 13 of his manuscript reprint we ered the manuscript for transportation to Amer take our first character glimpse of the early Pil ica; and His Excellency Governor Roger Wol- grim Fathers. They were men whose hearts "the cott of Massachusetts highlighted the ceremonies. Lord had touched with heavenly zeal for his Senator Hoar in his address referred to the truth," who "shook off the yoke of anti-Chris manuscript as "the only authentic history of tian bondage" to become "the Lord©s free what we have a right to consider the most im people," and "joined themselves (by a covenant portant political transaction that has ever taken of the Lord) into a church estate, in the fel place on the face of the earth." He appraised lowship of the gospel, to walk in all his ways, it as "the most precious manuscript on earth, made known or to be made known unto them, unless we could recover one of the four gospels according to their best endeavors, whatsoever it as it came in the beginning from the pen of the should cost them, the Lord assisting them. And Evangelist." Eloquently he asserted, "Our tem that it cost them something this ensewing his ple covers a continent, and its porches are upon tory will declare." both the seas. Our fathers knew the secret to The particular church with which we are con lay, in Christian liberty and law, the founda cerned was a little congregation of independ- tions of empire." WILLIAM BRADFORD, History of Plymouth Plantation, pp. xxxix, xlvi, liii. Ambassador Bayard ably paid tribute to the Pilgrims who sought an asylum "where they A Warning to America could worship God according to their own con Shortly after the fall of France there was pub science and live as free men. They came to these lished in a New York paper a letter written by a shores, and they have found the asylum, and French workingman which read as follows: "We they have strengthened it, and it is what we see have lacked an idea. We came to imagine that the to-day, a country of absolute religious and civil proper duty of man was to arrange an easy way freedom, of equal rights and toleration." And of life, individualistic to the point of selfishness. then he dramatically added: "And is it not We saw no farther than the village pump. We fitting that I, who have in my veins the blood of looked upon the state as a universal purveyor, and we always spoke of our due, seldom of our duties the Huguenots, should present to you and your . . . and imagined that the state would prove an Governor the log of the English emigrants, who everlasting milch cow. Tell this to the Americans left their country for the sake of religious free and warn them at the same time of the peril that dom?" Ibid., p. Ixvi. may befall democracy everywhere when it forgets Governor Wolcott gave reverent testimony to that free men have duties as well as rights." the achievements of the Pilgrim Fathers in the H. Richard Rasmusson historic words found on the back cover of this issue of THE MINISTRY. It is to the mute pages of Bradford©s memora ents from the English village of Scrooby, who, ble document so highly praised by illustrious under the distinguished pastorate of John Rob men that we now turn for a few stimulating inson, were forced to flee to the Netherlands for glimpses into the character of these hardy Pil religious freedom and later formed the nucleus grim pioneers. of the Pilgrim church of America. John Robin Bradford©s manuscript begins in the setting of son, their remarkable pastor, was their spiritual the gross darkness of popery, which had covered anchor in their haven of rest in Holland. Brad and overspread the Christian world, and the ford©s comment on the persecutions and prob wars of oppression that followed, and the strug lems they overcame to reach their Dutch asylum gle of true Christians to bring the church of was simply, "And though they were sometimes God back to its primitive purity, to revive the foyled, yet by God©s assistance they prevailed liberty and the beauty of the earliest Christian and got ye victorie." Ibid., p. 22. faith. With a few strokes of his facile pen he Ever motivated by the supreme importance emerges from the spiritual conflict, stained with of their spiritual life, they left Amsterdam after the blood of Christian martyrs, into the sacrifi about a year of residence and moved to Leyden cial triumph of faith and fortitude over the because they felt it was a better location for pride and ambition, over the persecuting per their faith, although it was not so propitious versity of evil men. Ultimately, as the ancient for their outward means of livelihood. To them prophet-apostle on the isle of Patmos had fore spiritual peace was more priceless than the riches told, God led His pilgrim band to this place of earth. of victory and freedom in the new world. (Turn to page 5/) AUGUST, 1957 13 The "Mayflower II" Recalls the Pilgrim Story

Date—April 20, 1957. might negotiate successfully the sullen seas, Time One minute to 5 P.M. which "divers godly Christians of our Eng Place—Plymouth, England. lish nation" crossed in the seventeenth cen Event—A smoky tug tows the Mayflower II tury to find religious liberty. —the structural reproduction of The radar- and radio-equipped May the original Pilgrim ship out of flower II carried running lights, fog signal, Plymouth©s splendid harbor, at sextant, and five inflatable life rafts, in the the beginning of its Atlantic cross interests of safety, and an old-fashioned ing to duplicate the famous voy ship©s range replaced the open brick hearth age of 337 years ago. in the forward hold of the original Pilgrim Aboard—The 180-ton replica carries 32 ship. Villiers and his crew, however, with passengers, including Commander the above exceptions, have sought few con Alan Villiers and his 27-man crew cessions to modern convenience. Like the compared with the original 102 travelers of another generation, they did passengers plus the crew. rely on rain water for washing purposes. Before embarking for America, accord Peggy Reynolds, staff reporter of the Wash ing to the Associated Press report, The ington Post and Times Herald, wrote: lord mayor of Plymouth, Councillor Wil "Mayflower II has limited electric power, liam J. Oats, and Commander Alan Villiers just enough for the radio and running exchanged compliments ceremonially, and lights. Several flashlights are carried aboard then the Mayflower II received its divine to illuminate the sails should another ship blessing. The Rev. T. J. Foinette, who is approach, but for other purposes oil lamps the lord mayor©s chaplain, prayed that they and candles are used. The ship has no plumbing or heating. But instead of cold, gray shores, 1957©s voyage into history will probably wind up with warm bathwater and inner- spring mattresses." The Mayflower II is a gift of the people of Britain to the people of the United States. As a tribute to the English Pilgrim pioneers and as a gesture of goodwill, it is hoped that it will become a symbol like that of the Statue of Liberty a token of the Old World©s affection for the New.

The Mayflower II floats placidly off Brix- ham, England, following her bumpy ride out of drydock. The 180-ton wooden vessel is shown here before she set out to re-enact the historic journey of the Pilgrim Fathers. The square-rigged bark was con structed at Brixham.

PHOTO, WIDF WORLD The original Mayflower—a three-masted wooden ship driven by sails, displacing 180 tons in 1620 brought 102 English Pilgrims to New England. They were the first English settlers of what is now Mas sachusetts. 14 THE MINISTRY History records a far different depar ture of the original Pilgrims. Bancroft tells the touching story of the Leyden group leaving the shores of Holland:

"And now, in July, 1620, the English at Leyden, trusting in God and in themselves, made ready for their de parture. The ships which they had pro vided the Speedwell, of sixty tons, the Mayflower, of one hundred and eighty tons could hold but a minority of the congregation; and Robinson was there fore detained at Leyden, while Brew- ster, the governing elder, who was an able teacher, conducted ©such of the youngest and strongest as freely offered themselves.© A solemn fast was held. The skipper of the Mayflower II, Commander Alan ©Let us seek of God,© said they, ©a right Villiers (left), sits in the stern of a long boat with Plymouth©s Lord Mayor, W. J. Oats, as they head way for us, and for our little ones, and for an inspection of the ship at Plymouth, England, for all our substance.© Anticipating the just before she set sail for the long voyage to sublime lessons of liberty that would Plymouth, Massachusetts. grow out of their religious tenets, Rob inson gave them a farewell," [message]. PHOTO, WIDE WORLD GEORGE BANCROFT, History of \he United States of America, vol. 1, p. 205, Mayflower descendants on the quay at Dartmouth. New York, 1898. In the background is seen the entrance to the har bor with the ancient castles to guard the ships© haven. The quay has not been altered since the The Pilgrims© Farewell original Mayflower sailed 337 years ago.

" ©When the ship was ready to carry PHOTO, WIDE WORLD us away,© writes Edward Winslow, ©the brethren that stayed at Leyden, having again solemnly sought the Lord with us and for us, feasted us that were to go, at our pastor©s house, being large; where we refreshed ourselves, after tears, with singing of psalms, making jovful melody in our hearts, as well as with the voice, there being manv of the congregation very expert in music; and, indeed, it was the sweetest melody that ever mine ears heard. After this they ac companied us to Delft-Haven, where we went to embark, and then feasted us again; and, after prayer, performed by our pastor, when a flood of tears was poured out, they accompanied us to the ship, but were not able to speak one to another for the abundance of sorrow to part. But we only, going aboard, gave them a volley of small shot and three pieces of ordnance; and so, lifting up our hands to each other, and our hearts for each other to the Lord our God, we departed.© " Ibid., pp. 205, 206.

AUGUST, 1957 15 Pilgrims leaving the shores of Holland July, 1620

CHARLES COPE, ARTIST

John Robinson©s Farewell truth examine it. consider it. and compare it Exhortation with other Scriptures of truth, before you receive it: for it is not possible the Christian world " ©BRETHREN, should come so lately out of such thick antichris- " ©We are now quickly to part from one tian darkness, and that perfection of knowledge another, and whether I may ever live to see your should break forth at once.© " DANIEL NEAL. faces on earth any more the God of heaven M.A., History of the Puritans (Harper and only knows; but whether the Lord has ap Brothers, New York, 1848, 2 vol. ed.). vol. 1, pointed that or no, 1 charge you, before God pp. 269, 270. and his blessed angels, that you follow me no farther than you have seen me follow the Lord Anchored to the Word of God Jesus Christ. " ©If God reveal anything to you, by any other Martyn has this striking comment on John instrument of his, be as ready to receive it as ever Robinson©s historic farewell message to the Pil you were to receive any truth by my ministry: grim exiles: for I am verily persuaded the Lord has more "Robinson was wiser. He was no friend of truth yet to break forth out of his holy Word. stagnant Christianity; but in all his voyaging For my part, I cannot sufficiently bewail the con after truth he clung to his Bible anchorage. In dition of the Reformed churches, who are come side of that he saw ample room for the com- to a period in religion, and will go at present no pletest development. . . . farther than the instruments of their reforma "Robinson favored the most radical Chris tion. The Lutherans cannot be drawn to go tian progress, but he based his idea upon the beyond what Luther saw; whatever part of his Bible, and knew how to guard his notion of will our God has revealed to Calvin, they will development from misconception and abuse. rather die than embrace it; and the Calvinists. The evangelical believers of our day owe the you see, stick fast where they were left by that famous Leyden exile a lasting debt of gratitude great man of God, who yet saw not all things. for the clear distinction which he has drawn " ©This is a misery much to be lamented, for between the progressive ©liberty of the sons of though they were burning and shining lights in God.© and the earth-born whims which material their times, yet they penetrated not into the ism baptizes with the name of ©progress.© " whole counsel of God, but xvere they now living, WM. CARLOS MARTYN. The Pilgrim Fathers of would be as willing to embrace farther light as 'Sew England (American Tract Society, New that which they first received. I beseech you re York, 1867), pp. 71, 72. member, it is an article of your church-covenant, that you be ready to receive whatever truth shall be made known to you from the written Word It has been the cross which has revealed of God. Remember that, and every other article to good men that their goodness has not of your sacred covenant. But I must here withal been good enough. exhort you to take heed what you receive as J. H. Schroeder 16 THE MINISTRY A Tribute to Holland Bound for the New World "Holland was the anvil upon which re "In August the Mayflower and the ligious and civil liberty was beaten out in Speedwell left Southampton for America. Europe at a time when the clang was But as they were twice compelled to put scarcely heard anywhere else. We can never back by the dismay of the captain of the forget our historical debt to that country Speedwell, at Plymouth ©they agreed to dis and to those people. Puritan, Independent, miss her, and those who were willing re Hugenot, whoever he may be, forced to turned to London, though this was very- flee for conscience©s sake, will not forget grievous and discouraging.© Having thus that in the Netherlands there was found winnowed their numbers, the little band, in his time of need the asylum where con not of resolute men only, but wives, some science, property and person might be se far gone in pregnancy, children, infants, a cure." Ambassador THOMAS F. BAYARD in floating village of one hundred and two Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, souls, went on board the single ship, which p. Ixvii. was hired only to convey them across the Atlantic; and, on the sixth day of Septem Human Freedom at Stake ber, 1620, thirteen years after the first col onization of Virginia, they set sail for a new "The English separatists and non-con world." GEORGE BANCROFT, History of the formists became the sole protectors of the United States of America, p. 206. system which gave to England its distin guishing glory. ©The stern and exasperated Puritans,© writes Hallam, ©were the depos The Pilgrims rose, at this God©s word, itaries of the sacred fire of liberty.© ©So ab And sailed the wintry seas: solute was the authority of the crown/ said With their own flesh nor blood con Hume, ©that the precious spark of liberty ferred, had been kindled and was preserved by the Puritans alone; and it was to this sect that Nor thought of wealth or ease. the English owe the whole freedom of their constitution.© The lines of the contending They left the towers of Leyden town, parties were sharply drawn. Immediate suc They left the Zuyder-Zee; cess was obtained by the established au And where they cast their anchor down, thority; but the contest was to be trans Rose Freedom©s realm to be. mitted to another continent. The interests of human freedom were at issue on the Jeremiah Eames Rankin, contest." GEORGE BANCROFT, History of "The Word of God to The United States of America, p. 198. Leyden Came"

REVIEW PICTURES A. W. BATES, ARTIST The Mayflower disappears over the horizon, bound for the New World (September, 1620). AUGUST, 1957 17 The Mayflower Compact

(From the original manuscript in Old English as recorded vation & furtherance of ye ends aforesaid; and by Governor Bradford, historian of the colony.) by vertue hearof to enacte, constitute, and "I shall a litle returne backe and begine with frame such just & equall lawes, ordinances, a combination made by them before they came acts, constitutions, & offices, from time to time, ashore, being ye first foundation of their gover- as shall be thought most meete & convenient mente in this place; occasioned partly by ye dis for ye generall good of ye Colonie, unto which contented & mutinous speeches that some of the we promise all due submission and obedience. strangers amongst them had let fall from them In witness whereof we have hereunder sub in ye ship That when they came a shore they scribed our names at Cap-Codd ye 11. of No would use their owne libertie; for none had vember, in ye year of ye raigne of our sover power to comand them, the patente they had aigne lord, King James, of England, France, being for Virginia, and not for New-england, & Ireland ye eighteenth, and of Scotland ye which belonged to an other Government, with fiftie fourth. An 0 : Dom. 1620.© which ye Virginia Company had nothing to doe. "After this, they chose, or rather confirmed, And partly that shuch an [54] acte by them Mr. John Carver (a man godly & well approved done (this their condition considered) might be amongst them) their Governour for that year. as firme as any patent, and in some respects And after they had provided a place for their more sure. goods, or comone store, (which were long in The forme was as followeth. unlading for what of. boats, foulnes of winter " ©In ye name of God, Amen. We whose weather, and sicknes of diverce,) and begune names are underwriten, the loyall subjects of some small cottages for their habitation, as time our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by would admitte, they mette and consulted of ye grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc, & Ire lawes 8c orders, both for their civill & military land king, defender of ye faith, &c., haveing Governmente, as ye necessitie of their condition undertaken, for ye glorie of God, and advance- did require, still adding therunto as urgent oc mente of ye Christian faith, and honour of our casion in severall times, and as cases did require. king 8c countrie, a voyage to plant ye first "In these hard & difficulte beginings they colonie in ye Northerne parts of Virginia, doe found some discontents & murmurings arise by these presents solemnly & mutualy in ye amongst some, and mutinous speeches & car- presence of God, and one of another, covenant riags in other; but they were soone quelled & 8c combine our selves togeather into a civill overcome by ye wisdome, patience, and just & body politick, for our better ordering & preser equall carrage of things by ye Govr and better

Handwriting of some o£ the Pilgrim signatories to the Mayflower Compact

SCHOEXFELD COLLECTION, FROM THREE LlOiSi 18 THE MINISTRY HITE ARTIST Signing of the Mayflower Compact in the cabin of the ship. Painting by Edwin White.

"In the cabin of the Mayflower humanity recovered its rights, and instituted government on the basis of ©equal laws© enacted by all the people for ©the general good."©-GEORGE BANCROFT, The History of the United States of America (D. Appleton and Company, 1898), p. 207. part, wch clave faithfully togeather in ye maine. their true love unto their freinds & bretheren. But that which was most sadd & lamentable was, A rare example & worthy to be remembered. that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their Tow of these 7. were Mr. William Brewster, ther company dyed, espetialy in Jan: & February reverend Elder, & Myles Standish, ther Cap- being ye depth of winter, and wanting houses tein & military comander, unto whom my selfe, & other comforts; being infected with ye scurvie 8c many others, were much beholden in our low & [55] other diseases, which this long vioage & & sicke condition. And yet the Lord so upheld their inacomodate condition had brought upon these persons, as in this generall calamity they them; so as ther dyed some times 2. or 3. of a were not at all infected either with sicknes, or day, in ye foresiad time; that of 100. & odd lamnes. And what I have said of these, I may persons, scarce 50. remained. And of these in say of many others who dyed in this generall vis- ye time of most distres, ther was but 6. or 7. sitation, & others yet living, that whilst they had sound persons, who, to their great comendations health, yea, or any strength continuing, they be it spoken, spared no pains, night nor day, were not wanting to any that had need of them. but with abundance of toyle and hazard of And I doute not but their recompense is with ye their owne health, fetched them woode, made Lord." BRADFORD, History of Plimoth Planta them fires, drest them meat, made their beads, tion, (From the Original Manuscript, with a washed their lothsome cloaths, clothed & un- report of the proceedings incident to the return cloathed them; in a word, did all ye homly of the manuscript to Massachusetts. Printed un & necessarie offices for them wch dainty & der the direction of the secretary of the Com quesie stomacks cannot endure to hear named; monwealth, by order of the General Court. and all this willingly & cherfully, without Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Co., State any grudging in ye least, shewing herein Printers, 1898), pp. 109-112.

THE TRUE DESIGN OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT, "The true design of civil government is to protect men in the enjoyment of libertv." Samuel West. AUGUST, 1957 19 REVIEW PICTURES

rJif Vl. n' Half" Pawling of *e Ice-coated Mayflower anchored off the New England coast in the winter of 16©0 The httle shallop, after necessary repairs, earned the scouting party in their search fo? a suitable site for permanent location

Land Ahead "They had been tossed on the sea now sixty-five days, when, on the 9th of November, the long, low coast-line of the New World gladdened their eyes. They thanked God for the sight, and took courage. On the llth of November they dropped anchor within Cape Cod. Sixty-seven days they had passed in the ship since their final departure from England, and one hundred and twelve since the embarkation at Delft Haven." ELLIOT, History of New England, vol. 1, pp. 58, 59. " ©To enjoy religious liberty was the known end of the first comers© great adventure into this remote wilderness.© ... A wide experience had emancipated them from bigotry; and they were never betrayed into the excesses of religious persecution, though they sometimes permitted a disproportion between punishment and crime." GEORGE BAN CROFT, The History of the United States of America, p. 213.

The landing of the Pilgrim Fathers

PAINTING BY ISOTHERMEI.

20 THE MINISTRY Plymouth, "America©s Home Town"

Then . .

Plymouth Settlement in 1622

REVIEW PICTURES W. L. WILLIAMS, ARTIST

Significant Distinction of the at the impulse of national glory, or of com Pilgrim Colony mercial enterprise; but this sprang from a sacred regard to the interests of religion, "This colony is honourably distin whose healthful tone and vigorous nature guished from all others in ancient or mod it proclaimed to the communities of Eu ern times. It was planted under the influ rope. The character of the colonists gave a ence of Christian principles, and was de religious complexion to their affairs, while signed to be a refuge whither the perse their fortitude and piety revived the hopes cuted in England might repair with safety. of their brethren at home, and gave prom The parties who originated it were men of ise of a better state of things than had yet exalted piety; and the motives which been realized. The world which the enter swayed their conduct were of the highest prising genius of Columbus had revealed and purest order of which human nature to the European nations was a theatre on admits. Other colonies had been founded which new maxims of government and new

And

Now . . .

Site of the early meet inghouse, looking to ward the harbor.

GRUNDY, THREE LIONS AUGUST, 1957 21 forms of religion were to be subjected to The Verdict of History the test of experiment. Many of the settle ments effected on its shores were conducted "Of movements significant and prophetic by men of piety, who were more solicitous there have been many. The whole course of the for the preservation of Christian truth than Protestant reformation, from the thirteenth cen for the accumulation of worldly gain. The tury to the nineteenth, is coincident with the experiment was therefore made under the transfer of the world©s political centre of gravity happiest auspices, and the rising commu from the Tiber and the Rhine to the Thames and nities of the New World were speedily in the Mississippi. The whole career of the men a condition to speak the language of free who speak English has within this period been dom to the enfeebled and decrepit forms the most potent agency in this transfer. In these of despotism in Europe, Their early history gigantic processes of evolution we cannot mark was distinguished by some inconsistencies beginnings or endings by years, hardly even by flowing from the errors they had imbibed centuries. But among the significant events in infancy. The peculiarity of their situa which prophesied the final triumph of the Eng tion, and the perplexing and hazardous na lish over the Roman idea, perhaps the most sig ture of the circumstances amid which they nificant the one which marks most incisively were required to act, unhappily led them the dawning of a new era was the migration of to forget on some occasions the tolerant English Puritans across the Atlantic Ocean, to and generous principles which the noble repeat in a new environment and on a far Robinson had inculcated. But his spirit re grander scale the work which their forefathers vived among them, and ultimately effected had wrought in Britain. The voyage of the May the extinction of those laws and usages flower was not in itself the greatest event in this which were alike inconsistent with the migration; but it serves to mark the era, and it spirit of Christianity and the professions of is only when we study it in the mood awakened their fathers." DANIEL NEAL, M.A., His by the general considerations here set forth that tory of the Puritans, vol. 1, p. 270 n. we can properly estimate the historic impor tance of the great Puritan Exodus." JOHN As the pilgrims landed, their institutions were al FISK.E, The Beginnings of New England ready perfected. Democratic liberty and independent (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston, Christian worship started into being. BANCROFT. 1889), p. 49.

The Pilgrims© first Thanksgiving, from painting by Jennie Brownscombe

REVIEW PIC©1 CRES THREE LIONS Grecian Temple Shrine and Plymouth Rock Answering Destiny©s Call "Conscious of ability to act a higher part in the great drama of humanity, they, (the Pilgrims) . . . were moved by ©a hope and inward zeal of advancing the gospel of the kingdom of Christ in the remote parts of the New World; yea, though they should be but as stepping-stones unto others for performing so great a work.© " GEORGE BAN CROFT, History of the United States of America (p. 201).

Pilgrim Bible box Provincetown marker, site reverence for the Word. of the first landing.

PILGRIM SOCIETY Doling out 5 grains of corn. PUBLISHERS PHOTO SERVICE AUGUST, 1957 PHOTOS BV WIDE WORLD This is journey©s end for Mayflower 11. After a 5000-mile trip, the little ship, a symbol of the union of the old and new world, is greeted by nearly 200,000 people gathered at Plymouth Rock. Hundreds of small craft as well as planes and blimps added to the impressive scene of the arrival of the Pilgrim replica. Plymouth Rock is enshrined in marble-pillared building at rhe water©s edge. America Welcomes the "Mayflower II"

The Modern Replica of the Historic Pilgrim Ship Completed Her 5,000-Mile Voyage in 54 Days

S THIS issue goes to press, the landing We arc greatly honored and delighted to be here A of Mayflower II is history. More than off the American shores with this lovely ship which 150,000 tourists as well as the whole town we©re bringing for the American people. We look turned out to participate in the welcoming forward tremendously to coming in. Everything worked well. It©s about 300 years since anybody ceremonies. Among the numbers sang by tried out this type of ship. So we have to learn a the massed choirs was the grand old hymn, hit. "O God, our help in ages past." Indians representing the Cherokee and Chickasaw There is no need to emphasize that the tribes were flown in by plane from Okla original Mayflower had no radio. How far homa. the world has traveled in recent decades! This unique service has not only re- Many in this great country as well as in enacted history; it has also made history. Europe will view this event as a piece of Capt. Alan Villiers, wearing colonial garb interesting sentimentality. But as heralds signed the compact, just as he brought the of God©s last message to the world we must ship to harbor. While sixty miles out in permit its deep significance to impress us. the Atlantic he radioed this message: When a kindly Providence opened the way 24 THE MINISTRY for the Pilgrims to leave their homelands to sail the wide seas and to lay the founda tions of a new nation, it was that this new world might become the cradle not only of "liberty and justice for all" but that in later years it might become the home base of a great, extensive work that would carry the everlasting gospel in God©s judgment-hour setting with its final gospel entreaty to "every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people" in preparation for the coming of our Lord. The tree of liberty, so long struggling for existence under impossible conditions at times, needed a fertile soil in which to grow and develop. And this continent provided a land untrampled by age-old intolerance and unhampered by state religions. These early settlers sought a new way of life and that way of life has become in the last cen tury and a half the coveted pattern of liv ing in nearly all countries of the world. Martin Person, a local youth, stands on Plymouth Rock hold The picture story of this link with the ing a musket as Mayflower II rides at mooring in the distance past is sent to our workers around the world after arrival. Famed rock on which Pilgrims are supposed to have stepped ashore has date of 1620 carved on top in recent in the hope that we may all sense the high times. Small boy sitting in archway of canopy seems unim responsibility that is ours in carrying the pressed by weight of history. welcome news of liberty to our friends and neighbors everywhere. Whatever America has been able to contribute to our genera Our fathers© God, to Thee, tion, it is because men three hundred years Author of liberty, To Thee we sing: ago laid a firm foundation. Long may our land be bright Two centuries after the landing of the With freedom©s holy light; first Pilgrims, Samuel Smith, in his poem, Protect us by Thy might. "My Country, ©Tis of Thee" expressed Great God, our King. thoughts which we could wish might be truly expressed by God©s people everywhere in every land and in every clime.

A strange blending of the old and the new as a U.S. Xavy blimp escorts the Mayflower If some fifty miles off Xantucket Island en route to Provincetown, Massachusetts, her first Warwick Charlton of London, originator of the project, and stop in the United States. A crewman sits on the masthead Harry Kemp, 82-year-old poet of the dunes of Provincetown, under the American flag. According to the captain©s report, symbol of the old city, both in Pilgrim©s garb, watch with this little wooden boat, though seaworthy, bounced her way interest Capt. Alan Villiers, skipper of Mayflower II, sign across the Atlantic and nearly all aboard suffered some sea- the Mayflower Compact aboard the ship before disembarking. sickness. AUGUST, 1957 25 Senator Hoar©s Eulogy of the Bradford The Mayflower Manuscript History Down in the bleak December bay "I do not think many Americans will gaze The ghostly vessel stands away; upon it without a little trembling of the lips and Her spars and halyards white with ice, a little gathering of mist in the eyes, as they Under the dark December skies. think of the story of suffering, of sorrow, of peril, A hundred souls, in company. of exile, or death and of lofty triumph which Have left the vessel pensively, that book tells which the hand of the great Have touched the frosty desert there, leader and founder of America has traced on And touched it with the knees of prayer. And now the day begins to dip, those pages. The night begins to lower "There is nothing like it in human annals Over the bay, and over the ship Mayflower. since the story of Bethlehem. These Englishmen and English women going out from their homes Neither the desert nor the sea in beautiful Lincoln and York, wife separated Imposes rites: their prayers are free; from husband and mother from child in that Danger and toil the wild imposes, hurried embarkation for Holland, pursued to And thorns must grow before the roses. the beach by English horsemen; the thirteen And who are these? and what distress years of exile; the life at Amsterdam ©in alley The savage-acred wilderness foul and lane obscure;© the dwelling at Leyden; On mother, maid, and child, may bring, the embarkation at Delfthaven; the farewell of Beseems them for a fearful thing; Robinson; the terrible voyage across the Atlan For now the day begins to dip, tic; the compact in the harbor; the landing on The night begins to lower Over the bay, and over the ship Mayflower. the rock; the dreadful first winter; the death roll of more than half the number; the days of suffering and of famine; the wakeful night, lis But Carver leads (in heart and health tening for the yell of wild beast and the war- A hero of the commonwealth) The axes that the camp requires, whoop of the savage; the building of the State To build the lodge and heap the fires. on those sure foundations which no wave or And Standish from his warlike store tempest has ever shaken; the breaking of the Arrays his men along the shore, new light; the dawning of the new day; the Distributes weapons resonant; beginning of the new life; the enjoyment of And dons his harness militant; peace with liberty, of all these things this is For now the day begins to dip, the original record by the hand of our beloved The night begins to lower father and founder. Massachusetts will preserve Over the bay, and over the ship Mayflower; it until the time shall come that her children are unworthy of it; and that time shall come, And Rose, his wife, unlocks a chest never." Concluding remarks of Senator Hoar©s She sees a Book, in vellum drest, address at the formal presentation of the Brad She drops a tear and kisses the tome, ford Manuscript, BRADFORD, History of Plym Thinking of England and of home: Might they the Pilgrims, there and then outh Plantation (Wright 8c Potter Printing Co., Ordained to do the work of men Boston, 1898), pp. Iv, Ivi. Have seen, in visions of the air, While pillowed on the breast of prayer (When now the day began to dip, The night began to lower True Pastoral Achievement Over the bay, and over the ship Mayflower), "The first and best thing a pastor can do is to be a pastor. Let him do the spade work of visitation. The Canaan of their wilderness Let him give himself to his ministry and prayer. A boundless empire of success; If he wants to touch public life, let him do it And seen the years of future nights through the men he educates. Jeweled with myriad household lights; I am more and more assured that it is not wise And seen the honey fill the hive; for us to enter into things that dissipate us from And seen a thousand ships arrive; our study and our church. ... I do not think And heard the wheels of travel go; any man in beginning his ministry ought to be It would have cheered a thought of woe, ambitious for public influence. Let him feel that When now the day began to dip, the public influence of his later life comes through The night began to lower the careful pastoral work of his early life." Over the bay, and over the ship Mayflower. Canadian Baptist Erastus W. Ellsworth 26 THE MINISTRY EDITORIAL

HOLD THE TORCH OF FREEDOM HIGH!

URING these summer months hundreds thing about the human spirit that cannot D of thousands of Americans are reliving be destroyed. Men sang the praises of God the experiences that led to the founding of even in the dungeon, and while a Peter this nation. This issue of THE MINISTRY might be crucified and a Paul decapitated, features the new Mayflower and also sets the church nevertheless went on "conquer forth vital principles dear to the hearts of ing, and to conquer." In about three cen all who love liberty. Nothing is so precious turies the church, despised and persecuted to the human soul as freedom. It is a divine by the empire, was accepted, and Christian principle lying at the very heart of the ity became the religion of Rome. History- gospel, yet liberty has suffered much reveals that where liberty comes easily, men through the centuries at the hands of those quickly forget. Consequently that freedom who should have been fervent in its pres was short-lived. Like Israel of old the church ervation. learned the way of the heathen and for a God brought Israel out of Egypt that thousand years despots sought to rule the they might be a free nation. At Sinai He consciences of men. gave them "the perfect law of liberty." But How difficult it seems for men to learn while they learned the letter of the law, that the size of the group can never deter many of them did not partake of its spirit. mine the rightness of the issue. Those who On the contrary, in the face of the clearest stand for right and truth may be few in counsel of God through His prophets, Is number, as were the three Hebrews before rael became contaminated with the ideas the fiery furnace, but truth will always con of the pagan world around them. Their quer in time. The tree of liberty grows national overthrow was the direct result of slowly, however, and even some who de their willful disregard of the great princi nounced intolerance in others were guilty ples of justice and soul freedom they were of intolerance themselves. The greatest axi commissioned of God to carry to the world. omatic truth ever uttered on civil and reli So blind did they become at last that they gious liberty was stated by Jesus Christ demanded the crucifixion of the greatest when He said, "Render therefore unto of their prophets, the Son of God Himself, Caesar the things which are Caesar©s; and the author of liberty. unto God the things that are God©s." As In the ancient world in general, individ the champion of freedom He "brought ual liberty was practically unknown. A man deliverance to the captives and set at liberty existed for the state, and not the state for them that are bruised ..." False liberty the man. Family life, religion, property, is freedom to do what a man likes. True one©s time and service, were all under the liberty is freedom to do as one thinks is control of the state. When Christianity right so long as it does not harm another. called its converts to "obey God rather than Freedom has marked the history of the men," it was bound to clash with the gov American Republic. Whatever contribution ernment of those days. But there is some- that great land has been able to make, has AUGUST, 1957 27 been made because these great principles into the whole life and structure of the have been recognized. However, we live in nation. The Constitution protects the di a generation in which the areas of liberty vine right of man against the so-called are rapidly shrinking. Political and reli divine right of kings and dictators. While gious elements are combining their forces it permits Congress to establish a court, for a great social, religious, and economic it prohibits it to establish a religion. The society wherein individual freedom will be state can lawfully suppress an insurrection sacrificed for the benefit of the collective but not a newspaper. It can close a port group. Some who foresee this declare the but not its citizens© mouths. It can regulate days of democracy are ending in the twi commerce but not our lives. light of a darkness that is rapidly envelop ing our world. This constitutes a challenge The Future of Freedom to every lover of liberty and every exponent of human rights. As heralds of the gospel Will the principles on which this nation we must ever guard the principles of justice was founded continue? Yes, they will, pro and equity, and lift the standard of true vided men recognize that liberties are safe freedom as we seek to stem the tide that is guarded by citizens and not by politics. sweeping civilization from its moorings The future of freedom in this country or and threatening the well-being of mankind any other country depends upon its citizens© everywhere. becoming aware of the real issues at stake. There is much fog in the political atmos The founders of this nation were correct phere today. It is easy to be misunderstood, when they said that the state cannot inter and one who raises his voice on important fere with primary rights such as life, liberty, issues can be looked upon as an alarmist. and the pursuit of happiness. These rights are God-given, not state-given. It is the Daniel Webster emphasized the truth responsibility of the government to protect when he said, "God grants liberty to those these rights for its citizens. only who love it and are always ready to The colonists who came seeking freedom guard it." and established their communities along James Russell Lowell, in his "Stanzas on the Eastern seaboard of the New World Freedom," strikes at the very keynote of needed, however, a clearer understanding of liberty: the principles of true freedom. Not until They are slaves who fear to speak a century and a half passed did these great For the fallen and the weak. principles come into full focus. Civil and They are slaves who fear to choose religious liberty are twins Siamese twins, Hatred, scoffing and abuse neither can exist without the other. Rather than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think. The American Constitution They are slaves who dare not be William E. Gladstone, one of England©s In the right with two or three. foremost prime ministers and one of the Edwin Burke, in one of his famous clearest thinkers of his time, declared, "The speeches in the British House of Commons American Constitution is, as far as I can in 1784, declared, "People never give up see, the most wonderful work ever struck their liberties but under some delusion." off at a given time by the brain and purpose How true that is! In this generation we of man." That Constitution guarantees in have seen free peoples, great nations, co dividual liberty because it forever separates erced and enslaved because they were de church and state. But this is the fruitage luded by false leaders. As students of proph of a long and intensive struggle. ecy we realize that the greatest delusion of It was a divine providence that shaped all time is just ahead of us when Satan, this nation, and although many who came with his master deception, will deceive the to America as immigrants were not mem whole world. Prophecy indicates that the bers of any church, yet the great majority climax of all human history will be reached were seeking freedom. Not even Jefferson, by a coalition between Spiritualism, Roman who drew up the Constitution, was strictly Catholicism, and apostate Protestantism. a church man. He was a deist, but no And this will culminate in enforced wor man saw more clearly the vital prin ship to a false power. It is in preparation ciples of true liberty. Those principles for this greatest and final deception that set forth by his pen have been interwoven God is sending His last message of warning 28 THE MINISTRY to the world. And that message is a call our past history," yet our eyes must also to the worship of Him who made heaven be directed to the future the climax of and earth, and through whom alone men the ages. can know real soul liberty. For "where the But when men and demons have done Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty" (2 their worst, God will write the last chapter Cor. 3:17). of human history. We may not always A few years ago an eight-year-old girl, sense it but Lowell with clear insight visiting New York with her family, was en states a tremendous truth when he says: thralled with the wonderful sights. Among Careless seems the great Avenger; history©s pages other things she was taken to see the Statue but record of Liberty. This fascinated her and with One death-grapple in the darkness ©twixt old sys rapt attention she listened to the thrilling tems and the Word; story of this gift of France to the United Truth forever on the scaffold, wrong forever on the States. She saw Miss Liberty lifting aloft throne, her torch to enlighten the world. It was Yet that scaffold sways the future; and, behind the getting dark when they returned across the dim unknown, bay. From the deck of the little boat she Standeth. God within the shadow, keeping watch watched the statue receding in the distance. above his own. After a tiring day of sight-seeing the fam JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, "The Present Crisis" ily retired, but sleep did not come easily R. A. A. to the little girl. Her father said, "Why don©t you go to sleep, honey?" And in her sweet, childish way she said, "Daddy, I am What the Church Needs Today thinking of the beautiful lady out there all by herself with no one to help her hold More tithes and fewer drives. up that lamp. Don©t you think we should be More action and less faction. More workers and fewer shirkers. helping Miss Liberty to hold it up?" That More backers and fewer slackers. little story is more than an apt anecdote. More praying and less straying. It is a challenge to all who love liberty. More of God©s plans and less of man©s. Every citizen has a duty to help hold up More divine power and less human "powwow." the torch. More burden-bearers and fewer tale-bearers. Our Responsibility More tongues of fire and fewer fiery tongues. More zealous effort and less jealous thought. While America is reliving its history, let More love for the Word and less love for the us as preachers of the great prophecies of world. our time realize our opportunity to enun More seeking for grace and less seeking for place. ciate the principles that have given us the More holiness of life and less bickering and liberty we enjoy today. We have a respon strife. sibility not only to inform our hearers of More fasting and praying and less feasting and the victories of the past but, as evangelists playing. and teachers of God©s Word, to set before More religion in politics and less politics in our audiences the guiding principles of religion. liberty and freedom, and prepare them for Lutheran Herald the greatest challenge of all time when the whole world will be forced to make a deci sion for or against God. Special truths have The Best From the Word been committed to us and these we must proclaim with courage and certainty. The Stiidy It Through. Never begin a day without third angel©s message, while couched in the mastering a verse from its pages. setting of the everlasting gospel and the Pray It In, Never lay aside your Bible until the true understanding of righteousness by verse or passage you have studied has become a faith, contains also the light by which men part of your being. Put It Down. The thoughts that God gives you, may trace their path through the muddled put down in the margin of your Bible or in your thinking of our time and discern the ulti notebook. mate goal the Holy City of God. Work It Out. Live the truth you get in the morn Nationally and denominationally it is ing, through each hour of the day. true that "we have nothing to fear for the Pass It On. Seek to tell somebody else what you future, except as we shall forget the way have learned. the Lord has led us, and His teaching in J. Wilbur Chapman AUGUST, 1957 29 SHEPHERDESS-Her Vital Partnership

Women in Colonial America LOUISE C. KLEUSER

HIS number of THE MINISTRY commemo for the faith. Parents today will do well to Trates the founding of the first permanent impress upon young minds the meaning of American settlement in the United States, at these conflicts. Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. We live in an We may wonder how these pioneer women age of anniversaries, some very important and could face the insecurity of their day, for there others woefully commercialized. Because this were few medical advisors, and sickness and 350th anniversary of Jamestown has some les plague would frequently lay low the weak. sons for Adventism, let us draw from it a num There were no hospitals to which the mothers ber of practical points. We would suggest to could take their sick children; they had to be our large group of overseas shepherdesses that cared for at home, Automatic heating plants there are Jamestowns in all lands where the were not even dreamed of, much less air condi wheels of progress have not been standing still. tioners. Often those who had passed through This is not a research project, but rather a the rigors of winter lacked the strength to plant heart-to-heart talk with our ministerial women. the family garden in the spring. Public relations, Some of them enjoy history; most of them as we understand it today, simply meant ad enjoy their homes much more. Just by way of ministering the milk of human kindness by lend suggestion, some shepherdesses may be looking ing a neighborly helping hand. The home as for a new hobby. Why not check on the work of well as the farm had to be self-contained, with women in ancient and medieval history? But in every member of the family doing his share. this article we shall confine ourselves to pioneer There was teamwork without the interference of American women. union laws. Truly, our advanced age might well Settlements such as those at Jamestown, Plym learn from the past. Fortunately, parents seemed outh, New Amsterdam, and "Pen©s Woods" to know where their children were every hour of (Pennsylvania) suggest adventure and sacrifice. the day. Fathers could account for their boys, Women have always played their part. When and mothers for their girls. Both parents had to Jamestown was settled, men had preceded their go to work, but at home. And the home sup wives. The women did not sail to unknown plied enough practical instruction to make shores without some assurance that a crude home stanch citizens. would be awaiting them. But the history of Shepherdesses were but few in pioneer Amer those who came to America in the Mayflower is ica. The problem of modernizing a manse sim quite different. The women and children ar ply did not exist. Wives would offer companion rived with the men. The party landed on a ship to their husbands at the spinning wheel or bleak New England shore and immediately the cobbler©s bench; the family, young and old, faced a stern winter. Why did these Pilgrims had to be clothed and shod. There was no emo leave their European homeland? They sought a tional problem in that respect. Nor was the prob land where they could worship God according lem of family finance too complicated. Sharing to the dictates of their conscience. More specific took care of what barter and trade failed to ally, they sought a country without a king and a supply. Ministerial duties were added to home religion without a pope. These two principles responsibilities, for each was a part of the strug were later incorporated into the American Con gle for existence. The "parson" had a wide area stitution. Books have been written revealing the for his parish. His wife was his assistant. She early struggles of these pioneer men and women needed to be a skilled Bible teacher for the who laid a solid foundation for government and youth, and to be able to recite many a psalm 30 THE MINISTRY to the discouraged and bedridden. Visiting the spotlight. Are you preparing yourself, your sick brought common sense into action more family, your church, your institution, for that than psychology. Her treatments were supple great day when the saints go marching home? mented with homemade bread and crocks of Let our Adventist shepherdesses seriously con wild berry juice. Colonial shepherdesses could sider the power of influence that has been com discuss herbs more intelligently than we discuss mitted to them. Shall we not give heed to the vitamins today. There was Christian grace and relative value we attach to eternal and mundane interest, with simple deeds of loving-kindness. things?

Our Need of the Pioneer Spirit Will you agree with me that in our day we Character High Lights of the are greatly privileged? Modern shepherdesses Pilgrim Pioneers may mark a long list of things they "really should (Continued from page 15} have," but try listing the wishes you may some day realize, and which the majority of women in At Leyden they enjoyed spiritual freedom and the world may never hope to have. The American sweet fellowship in the ways of God under the way of life began in simplicity, and Adventism intrepid leadership of John Robinson, their began in the same way. Behind our present de pastor, and William Brewster, their elder. Theirs was a fellowship of love©s holiness. Of nominational attainment, spiritual and mate rial, lies the story of struggle, toil, and sacrifice. their mutual love and reciprocal respect, Brad But humble beginnings and days of small things ford says, it was hard to tell whether the con gregation had more delight in such a pastor are always rich in experience. There must be vi as Robinson or whether the pastor had the more sion behind true purpose. The pioneer women served to please God first. They were more delight in such a congregation. familiar with God©s Book than with the pocket- A man of wondrous worth and wisdom, Rob inson molded the spiritual destiny of these Pil book. The Bible was always within their reach: it was the source of all counsel, the yardstick for grims who were reviving the spirit of primitive every social problem. The Book provided se Christianity. They left the imprint of their in tegrity upon the Hollanders, who sought to curity more than our bankbooks do today. Re employ them because of their honesty and dili minders of God©s constant love and care kept frustrations out of the family. The "thee©s" and gence. The Dutch people would trust the poor "thou©s" sounded less self-centered than the among them when they wanted money, because of their exemplary lives and "how careful they pronouns of our day. Our womanly conversa were to keep their word." And as the time of tion may now center around nylons, orlons, or dacrons. Just how would these material things their departure neared, the magistrates of the have fitted into their simple homespun ex city of Leyden paid them this tribute: "These changes? Thoughtfully, sisters, was their philos English, said they, have lived amongst us now this 12. years, and yet we never had any sute or ophy warped or sound? Shall we keep our own philosophy of life within God©s pattern? accusation came against any of them." Ibid., p. 27. But we must be practical. We cannot go back to the pioneering days when these colonial The Spirit of Primitive Christianity women set our modern shepherdesses such a Bradford, himself, thus writes of their ex noble example. And who would want to? We emplary character: "I know not but it may be have become accustomed to a higher standard of spoken to ye honour of God, & without prejudice living, and would be very much out of step if [14] to any, that such was ye true pietie, ye we were to follow their pattern in detail. But humble zeale, & fervant love, of this people may we not learn from them lessons of self- (whilst they thus lived together) towards God denial and sacrifice? As Adventism today main and his waies, and ye single hartednes & sin- tains its simple charm of contentment, woman©s ceir affection one towards another, that they work will experience new power. And when came as near ye primativ patterne of ye first those not of our faith see that God comes first churches, as any other church of. these later in our lives, they will realize that our faith is times have done, according to their ranke & genuine. Religion today is decked in the tinsel qualitie." Ibid., p. 26. of popularity. A desire to be in the headlines Robinson was looked upon as a champion of possesses the minds of many who call themselves truth and recognized as such by the Dutch Christians. The church wants to make news with people themselves. But the period of the Pil glamour instead of goodness and truth. God is grims sojourn in Holland was coming to a preparing to bring His men and women into the close. The Spaniard©s war drums were sounding AUGUST, 1957 31 again. Economic hardships were pressing in strange land; the people are industrious and upon them. Their situation was becoming in frugal. We are knit together as a body in a most creasingly difficult. They feared for their chil sacred covenant of the Lord, of the violation dren, who were more inclined to yield to the whereof we make great conscience, and by vir- worldly influences about them as they faced the ture whereof we hold ourselves straitly tied to growing hardships of the Christian way hard all care of each other©s good, and of the whole. ships so severe that some of their brethren across It is not with us as with men whom small things the channel had even chosen to remain in the can discourage." GEORGE BANCROFT, History prisons of England rather than risk the accom of the United States of America, p. 202. panying rigors of freedom elsewhere. Bradford wrote of the interminable frustra tions that caused their hopes to be "long de Their Call of Destiny layed by many rubs that fell by the way." An undaunted hope and inward zeal for the Space does not permit even a brief recount advancement of the gospel stirred these Pilgrim ing of the difficulties encountered with their Fathers into the dream of finding in some remote merchant friends who proposed to transport part of the world an asylum of freedom, a them to America. After interminable delays haven of rest from persecution, and a place the business transactions seemed complete. where their missionary endeavor could help Bradford in more detail recalls the perplexi build the kingdom of God on earth. ties confronted in preparing for their arduous They debated whether they should choose journey in order that "their children may see some area of this country or embark to more with what difficulties their fathers wrastled in fertile regions of the hot climates of Guiana, going throug these things in their first begin- where they could hope for perpetual spring and ings, and how God brought them along not the rich, fruitful bounty of nature. Fearing withstanding all their weaknesses & infirmities." possible merciless treatment from the Spaniards, —Ibid., p. 71. and the threat of tropical diseases, which Brad At length, after much travail, all things were ford said "would not so well agree with our in readiness. The small ship, the Speedwell, English bodies," they determined with some bought and fitted in Holland, was to take the trepidation to find their freedom©s refuge in Leyden group from the Netherlands to Eng some area of North America, possibly in the land and their rendezvous with the Mayflower. northern part of the Virginia colony, where John Robinson, on the day of "solleme hu they could be off to themselves and less likely miliation" prior to their departure, took as his to incur renewed persecution from other Eng text Ezra 8:21. A good part of the day was spent lish folk who had migrated to this continent. discussing this text and their need of humbling "All great fe honourable actions are accom themselves before God. The rest of the time panied with great difficulties, and must be both was spent "in powering out prairs to ye Lord enterprised and overcome with answerable cour with great fervencie, mixed with abundance of ages. It was granted ye dangers were great, but tears." They were pained at parting, "But they not desperate; the difficulties were many, but knew they were pilgrimes, & looked not much not invincible." Ibid., p. 34. on those things, but lift up their eyes to ye That these men right from the beginning pos heavens, their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their sessed the courage answerable to their subse spirits." Ibid., p. 72. quent heroic achievements, there was little The last night before embarking from Delfs- doubt. haven "was spent with litle sleepe by ye most, In lodging their formal written request for but with freindly entertainmente & Christian the consent of the London company to migrate discourse, and other reall expressions of true to the New World, Robinson and Brewster Christian love." As they boarded the ship the added these memorable words: "We are well next day "truly dolfull was ye sight of that sade weaned . . . from the delicate milk of our mother and mournfull parting; to see what sighs and country, and inured to the difficulties of a sobbs and praiers did sound amongst them,

BRITONS AND AMERICANS.

"Britons and Americans, subjects of the same Crown, connected by the ties of nature, by interest and religion, maintained the most perfect harmony, and felt the purest joy in each other©s happiness for more than a hundred years: And would to God, that harmony had never been disturbed." John Lathrop. 32 THE MINISTRY what tears did gush from every eye." Ibid., repairs had been made in Dartmouth harbor, p. 73. Even some of the Dutch strangers that and tragically enough had to turn back again stood on the shore could not refrain from tears. after putting nearly three hundred miles of Many of them would never meet again in this ocean between them and Land©s End. Although world. they could not detect any special leak, the gen Pastor Robinson and his people fell upon eral weakness of the ship seemed apparent, so their knees as their beloved leader "with watrie they put into Plymouth harbor and decided to cheeks commended them with most fervente abandon the small ship and take what they praiers to the Lord and to his blessing." With could on the larger one, as time was running many tears and final embraces they took leave out and it was getting late in the season. of one another. They hoisted sail, and a favor The spirit of these pioneers again shines forth able wind brought them quickly to Southamp in the comment of Bradford: "The Lord by ton, where they found the bigger ship, the this work of his providence thought these few Mayflower, lying ready for journey, together too many for the great work he had to do." with the rest of their company ready to sail. Ibid., p. 85. And thus, like Gideon©s band, He thinned them out. On September 6 the doughty John Robinson's Farewell Letter Pilgrims put to sea for the third time, never To the believers Robinson wrote: "And first, to be turned back again ere they had anchored as we are daly to renew our repentance to our off the shores of the New World. God, espetially for our sines known, and gen Undaunted erally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth ye Lord call us in a singuler maner upon occa No dangers could appall the dauntless Pil sions of shuch difftcultie & danger as lieth upon grim hopefuls. "The little band, not of reso you. to a both more narrow search & carefull lute men only, but wives, some far gone in reformation of your ways in his sight." Ibid., pregnancy, children, infants, a floating village, p. 79. He admonished that all sin be taken yet in all but one hundred souls, went on away by earnest repentance, so that the Lord board the single ship, which was hired only to would give them His sweet comfort in their carry them across the Atlantic: and on the distress and provide a "happy deliverance from sixth day of September, 1620, thirteen years all evil." Next to making certain of their peace after the first colonization of Virginia, two with God, he asked them to provide for peace months before the concession of the grand char with all men and not so easily take offence. ter of Plymouth, without any warrant from the They were not to be offended at the doings of sovereign of England, without any useful char men or at the providences of God, for, said he, ter from a corporate body, the Pilgrims in the "if taking of offence causelesly or easilie at ©Mayflower* set sail for the New World, where men©s doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how the past could offer no favorable auguries! much more heed is to be taken yt we take "But these Christian heroes of a grander ven not offence at God him selfe, which yet we ture than the classic voyage which Virgil has certainly doe so ofte as we doe murmure at his sung of old jEneas, providence in our crosses, or beare impatiently "Trojae qui primus ab oris shuch afflictions as wherwith he pleaseth to Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit visite us. Store up therefore patience against Litora," ye evill day, without which we take offence at unawed by the abounding perils of the sea and ye Lord him selfe in his holy & just works." land, unchilled by the desertion of their com Ibid., pp. 80, 81. rades, kept on their solitary way and ©bated Although they first set sail from the coast of no jot of heart or hope.© . . . England on August 5, 1620, the distressing de " © . . . these men and women and children lays caused by the unseaworthy smaller vessel, knew nothing of the sea: they only knew that which developed leaks, were enough to dis ships sailed, and too often did not return; they courage men of lesser heart. With good hope had seen the sea. even along the coasts of Eng they put to sea the second time after the boat land and Holland, lashed into furv. To trust

HUMAN NATURE AT ITS WORST.

"Arrogant pretenses to infallibility in matters of state or religion, represent human nature in the most contemptible light.©© Samuel Cooke. "God never gives men up to be slaves till they lose their national virtue, and abandon themselves to slavery." Richard Salter, They Preached Liberty. AUGUST, 1957 33 themselves upon it on an uncertain voyage to a Ibid., p. 95. They turned their eyes heaven wilderness harbor© was no gala undertaking; yet ward for the solace they could not find in any serenely they accepted the situation, thankful outward objects. This alone assuaged the fore to God for civil rights and untrammelled liberty bodings of that wild and savage view of their to hymn his praises." WM. CARLOS MARTYX, winter land without homes. Behind them wras The Pilgrim Fathers of New England, pp. 79, 80. the mighty ocean, before them the untamed O Exile of the wrath of kings! resources and dangers of an unknown country. O Pilgrim Ark of Liberty! Naught else could sustain them in their many The refuge of divinest things, trials but the Spirit of God and His grace. Their record must abide in thee! Significantly, Bradford paraphrased the words of JULIA WARD HOWE, Our Country Deuteronomy 26:5 and 7, and Psalm 107:1- 5, 8. At Cape Cod Our fathers were Englishmen which came over After landing at Cape Cod on the eleventh this great ocean, and were ready to perish in this day of November which marked the armistice wilderness; but they cried unto the Lord, and he in their battle with the ocean "they fell upon heard their voice, and looked on their adversity, their knees & blessed ye God of heaven, who etc. Let them therefore praise the Lord, because he had brought them over ye vast & furious ocean, is good, and his mercies endureth forever. Yea, let and delivered them from all ye periles & miseries them which have been redeemed of the Lord, shew how he hath delivered them from the hand of the thereof, againe to set their feete on ye firme oppressor. When they wandered in the desert wil and stable earth, their proper elemente." derness out of the way, and found no city to dwell BRADFORD, History, p. 94. in, both hungry and thirsty, their soul was over What a different landing those early Pilgrims whelmed in them. Let them confess before the Lord had compared with what awaited the modern his loving kindness, and his wonderful works before voyagers of the Mayflower II, There were no the sons of men. Ibid.,, pp. 96, 97. friends on the shore to welcome them. No hotels announcing their comforts with neon Finding Their Permanent Home lights. There were no homes in which they The urgency of the situation required all could refresh themselves, much less towns to possible speed in finding a suitable location. which they could resort for health and comfort. Several sorties were made. While the large It was winter. In winter©s violent weather it is shallop was being mended, Captain Miles dangerous to travel to known places, and much Standish, on November 15, led sixteen well- more so to search an unknown coast for a armed men to survey the land in the Cape suitable location. "What could they see," Cod area. They brought back some Indian corn, wrote Bradford, "but a hidious & desolate wil- which greatly encouraged the hearts of their dernes, full of wild beasts & willd men?" brethren.

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34 THE MINISTRY More corn and beans that the Indians had They returned to the ship where the good stored were found on the first trip in the shal news of their find brought great rejoicing, and lop. This provided them with seed for the com on December 15 the Mayflower weighed anchor ing year, for which they later reimbursed the and arrived at the harbor the next day. Indians. Bradford©s comment was, "But the Down to the Plymouth Rock, that had been to Lord is never wanting unto his in their greatest their feet as a doorstep needs; let his holy name have all ye praise." Into a world unknown, the corner-stone of a na It was December 6 when they again set out tion! in their little shallop with ten of their prin LONGFELLOW cipal men and some seamen. The weather was "The Courtship of Miles Standish" cold and the spray of the sea froze on them It was Christmas Day, A.D. 1620, that they be like glass. Each night they would build a bar- gan to erect their first Pilgrim house on New racade about the heighth of a man, start a fire England soil. in the center of it, and sleep around the fire while a sentinal stood guard. On this trip they Venturing for God experienced their first attack by Indians, which What lessons of faith and courageous adven they repulsed successfully without loss or hurt. ture for truth and right are spelled out for us "Afterwards they gave God sollamne thanks & in the lives of these Pilgrim heroes! praise for their deliverance." Ibid., p. 104. They had as a pilot a Mr. Coppin, who had Can we too dare the unknown and achieve been in the country before, and he directed new conquests for our God? Are we brave and them toward Plymouth harbor. At sea that dedicated enough to voyage away from stagnant afternoon they broke their rudder, and it was religions, shackeled by the unholy norms of all two men could do to steer the boat with pseudo-philosophies and by the domineering oars: but their pilot bade them to be of good spirit of the issues of our day, toward a new cheer for he saw the harbor. When they put world of freedom and loyalty in Christ Jesus? up their sail, the mast broke in three pieces Can we envision the deeper realities of the and fell overboard, but by God©s mercy they Spirit justice, mercy, truth, liberty, and broth were delivered and managed to make the har erhood? Can we too in simple trust and faith bor. Misfortune dogged them, only to be ac launch our Christian vessel upon the tumultu cepted and overcome. Under the lee of a small ous sea of modern events with a lifted horizon island they spent the night in safety. But of a church under full sail toward the birth "though this had been a day and night of much of a new world? Or are we still content to trouble and danger unto them," wrote Brad abide in our little denominational harbor of ford, "yet God gave them a morning of com safety and satiety, hoping that others may be fort and refreshing (as usually he doth to his brave enotigh to dare all the elements of wrath children), for the next day was a fair sun and the hazardous voyage of global conquests shiny day." Ibid., p. 106. for God? They sounded the harbor and found it fit On the stormiest sea of life the Master of for shipping, and ashore the cornfields indicated men fashioned the good ship of grace and the land was habitable. Sheer "necessity made proved it could weather all the storms of evil. them glad to accept it." Ibid., p. 106. He calls to the spiritual mariners of today, By their landing here they proclaimed a mes "Sail on and on and on, until the conquests sage for the world: of the Christian way have built the colonies of Oh. we are weary pilgrims; to this wilderness we heaven on every shore in every country of ev bring ery land." Then life©s setting sun shall find the A church without a Bishop, a State without a voyage ended, the conquests won, and there King. shall be but a few hours more until the dawn Anonymous, "The Puritan©s Mistake" of the eternal day! PRESUMPTUOUS POPULAR PREACHING. And some of the currently popular types of preaching come perilously close to the. blasphemy of promising success in the market place or an easy resolution of life©s crises as a reward for calling upon God. It is far too easy to promote a church boom by telling ambitious men and women that they can make God serve them, rather than by holding up the demand of true religion that they shall serve God. PAUL HUTCHINSON, The New Ordeal of Christianity (Association Press, New York). AUGUST, 1957 35 Summer Special

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Periodical Department REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON 12, D.C. ORDER FROM YOUR BOOK AND BIBLE HOUSE 36 THE MINISTRY QUOTABLE QUOTES - for Your Files

•fa American Protestantism in the low-ship of the spirit. A centralization of religious organization and thought is as dangerous to Protes Crisis tantism as similar trends are to democracy in the realm of civil government. GILBERT M. SAV- The more the program of American Protestant ERY, "Do We Want a Giant Church?" Christianity ism becomes institutionalized, and the higher the Today, April 29, 1957. cost o£ supporting great institutions goes, the greater will be the temptation to look to government for support. That this can be done while maintain fa Pathos of Schweitzer's ing inviolate the principle of separation of church Interpretation of Jesus and state is very doubtful, and it is still more doubt ful that it can be done while maintaining the pro For it is touching to observe how Schweitzer, hav phetic role of the church as the conscience of the ing radically rejected the eschatology of Jesus and state. PAUL HUTCHINSON, The New Ordeal the Jesus of eschatology, nevertheless is not able to of Christianity (Association Press, New York, 1957), let him go. And in spite of his judgments upon the p. 109. liberal theology he himself ends up by being a liberal! . . . Schweitzer, in spite of his recognition that the liberal Jesus is an historical illusion, and •fa Our Public School System and in the face of his judgment that the Jesus of history American Democratic System as he understands him is altogether unworthy of Imperiled trust, makes the claim that "the spirit of Jesus" is on the side of liberalism. . . . And so declaring I am convinced, on the basis of what is happen "that it is not Jesus as historically known, but ing to the public school systems in some of our Jesus as spiritually arisen within men," he sets out northern cities where the Roman Catholic Church, to develop his ethical mysticism. with its contempt for the principle of separation, Can one conceive of greater pathos than that has vast political influence, that if we relax for a which confronts us here? According to Schweitzer©s moment our vigilance to maintain this principle in view, the more fully that we come to genuine our national life, we shall thereby imperil not only knowledge of Jesus as he lived on earth, the more the Protestant position in America but the founda impossible it becomes to accept his central self- tions of the American democratic system. PAUL appraisal. Nevertheless, in spite of his being persona HUTCHINSON, The New Ordeal of Christianity non grata as he appeared in history, we are told (Association Press, New York, 1957), p. 117. that we need not be discouraged. Indeed, we may be basically indifferent to the results of our study of what the Gospels have to say concerning him, fa Dilemmas of Ecumenicalism and yet we are to suppose that we may come to genuine knowledge and experience of "his spirit." The trick is to accomplish this worthy goal NED B. STONEHOUSE, "The Pathos of Reli without pushing the layman aside to have all the gious Liberalism," Christianity Today, April 29, advantages of the "one voice" idea without damag 1957. ing the individual©s relationship to his God and to his church. The problem revolves, in part, around the task of becoming big without becoming fa Sinless Son of God Met and dictatorial; of becoming part of a greater whole Resisted the Full Force of All and still retaining effective, independent self- Temptation expression. . . . Should the ecumenical movement result only in One Who came to conquer all man©s sin and the building of church giants or one giant Protes temptation must Himself be spotless. For no one tant church, we might some day face the threat of who is at all sinful can feel the whole force of a Protestant heirarchy having in it the seeds of temptation. We never feel it, because sin has regimentation and unyielding authoritarianism. weakened us so much that we should fall long be The ecumenical movement, in my opinion, will fore the full force of temptation had touched us. serve both God and man best if it develops as a fel- Our power to resist temptation depends on our

AUGUST, 1957 37 holiness, the force of love which we have received thousand. In an established community, indeed, from Christ and have assimilated. A very sinful such a rate of increase would be rapid, but it was man falls at the first onset of temptation; a less not sufficient to raise in New England a power sinful one can resist more. The people who can now which could overcome Indians and Dutchmen and resist the most are the holiest of all. In all the Frenchmen, and assert its will in opposition to the Christian history, the men and women who have crown. It is when we view the founding of Plymouth had and have resisted the fiercest temptation are in relation to what came afterward, that it assumes the saints. The history of their struggle and agony the importance which belongs to the beginning of is appalling to weaker and more sinful people like a new era. JOHN FISKE, The Beginnings of ourselves. It is plain, therefore, that only one who Neui England (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, is a perfect, sinless man can feel and resist the whole Boston, 1889), pp. 86, 87. force of temptation that can be brought against man. The history of our Lord in the Gospels shows Through scenes of gloom and misery they that He went through struggles and agony in striv showed the way to an asylum for those who would ing to do His Father©s will, with which no one else©s go to the wilderness for the liberty of conscience. struggles and agony can at all compare. This was Accustomed "in their native land to a plain country because He was from the first full of strength, not life and the innocent trade of husbandry," they set weakened in any degree by being born in a sinful the example of colonizing New England with free condition, and therefore able to bear the whole holders, and formed the mould for the civil and burden of mankind. The truth, then, which is religious character of its institutions. They enjoyed, guarded and handed down to us by the story of in anticipation, the fame which their successors His Virgin Birth is the very truth which assures us would award to them. "Out of small beginnings," that He actually knows by experience not only what said Bradford, "great things have been produced; is the force of our temptations to us, but also the and, as one small candle may light a thousand, so whole force of all temptation that can be brought the light here kindled hath shone to many, yea, against human nature, which He has resisted to in some sort to our whole nation." . . . "Let it not the uttermost. E. L. STRONG, Lectures on the be grievous to you that you have been instruments Incarnation of God (Longmans, Green, and Co., to break the ice for others. The honor shall be London, 1917), pp. 20, 21. yours to the world©s end." "Yea, the memory of the adventurers to this plantation shall never die." GEORGE BANCROFT, The History of the United ^ Historical Significance of the States of America (D. Appleton and Company, New Mayflower Pilgrims York, 1898), p. 214. Such was the humble beginning of that great Puritan exodus from England to America which had so much to do with founding and peopling The Seven Modern Sins the United States. These Pilgrims of the Mayflower were but the pioneers of a mighty host. Historically Policies without principles. their enterprise is interesting not so much for what Pleasures without conscience. it achieved as for what it suggested. Of itself the Wealth without work. Plymouth colony could hardly have become a Knowledge without character. wealthy and powerful state. Its growth was ex Industry without morality. tremely slow. After ten years its numbers were but Science without humanity. three hundred. In 1643, when the exodus had come Worship without sacrifice. to an end, and the New England Confederacy was Canon Frederic Donaldson formed, the population of Plymouth was but three Westminster Abbey

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THE MINISTRY SEED THOUGHTS - for Sermons

• Abraham, The Pioneer Pilgrim a. Believes when all apparent evidence is against belief (Rom. 4:18, A.R.V.). I. Faith answering the call of Cod (Heb. 11:8). b. Trusts the leadings of Providence when 1. The call (Gen. 12:1, 2, 4). expectations not realized. PP 129. a. Where from? PP 127, par. 1. IV. What Abraham©s pilgrimage of faith did for b. Where to? PP 126, par. 2. us. c. What for? PP 125, pars. 1, 2; 126, par. 1. 1. By it he became the spiritual father of the 2. What the call involved. faithful pilgrims of all the ages (Rom. 4:3, a. Separation "Get thee out" (Gen. 12:1)- 9, 11-13; Heb. 11:38). b. Consecration "obeyed" (Heb. 11:8). 2. Made the promise "sure" to all God©s spir c. Resignation "not knowing whither" Id. itual "seed" (Rom. 4:16). II. Faith sojourning with God (Heb. 11:9). 3. In Christ we are "heirs" of the promise Abraham©s life journey was on the strength of made to Abraham (Gal. 3:29). the divine promises. 4. Soon God©s faithful pilgrims shall all be "made perfect" together (Heb. 11:39, 40). 1. Abraham knew where he was going as far as J. A. B. his ultimate destination was concerned (Heb. 11:10, 14-16). 2. Abraham knew where he was going as far • Gospel Righteousness as the promises of God were concerned 1. Righteousness fights corruption. Matt. 5:13. (Rom. 4:16-22, Moffatt©s Translation). (Antiseptic spiritual salt.) 3. Abraham knew whom he was journeying 2. Righteousness glorifies God. vs. 14-16. (By shin with. ing lights of true Christians.) A man who follows where God leads is never 3. Righteousness obeys God©s word. vs. 15-20. (No lost even though he does not know the false front of disobedience.) way. Better to travel an unknown way with 4. Righteousness loves all men. vs. 43-48. (Love is God than a way you think you know with actual in Christ.) out Him. HAROLD L. LUNDQUIST III. What Abraham©s pilgrimage of faith did for him (Heb. 11:13). 1. Far-sighted vision of faith "afar off." • God Will Answer If— A Christian on his knees can see farther 1. If you ask with sincerity. Ps. 145:18, 19. than a philosopher on his tiptoes. 2. If you ask with righteousness. James 5:16. 2. Powerful persuasion of faith "fully per 3. If you ask with faith. Matt. 21:22. suaded" (Rom. 4:21). 4. If you ask with boldness. Heb. 4:16. Accepted at face value, God©s promises give 5. If you ask with submission. 1 John 5:14. assurance of divine guidance here, and ulti Triumphant Life Calendar mate realities hereafter. 3. Intimate embrace of faith "embraced" in personal application the love and promises of God. 4. Public confession of faith "confessed that THE they were . . . pilgrims." LITTLE GIANT HOTOMATIC 5. The triumph of faith in life©s supreme tests GAS WATER HEATER NO. 3 (Heb. 11:17-19). Will supply all the hot water needed for a. "staggered not . . . through unbelief" Baptistries, Church Kitchens, Rest Rooms. Heats 450 CPH, 20° rise in temperature. (Rom. 4:20). Inexpensive, too. b. "fully persuaded that ... he w^as able" Write for free folder. Oept. M-24. (v- 21). LITTLE GIANT MFG. CO. 6. Inner fortification of faith courage in spite 907 7th Street Orange, Texas of unfavorable circumstances. Inner strength of soul to face the dailv unknown with God. AUGUST, 1957 39 CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

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CHURCH MANUAL (Revised)

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CHURCH DIRECTORY (Revised 7956)

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MANUAL FOR MINISTERS (Revised)

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THE MINISTRY HEALTH EVANGELISM

A Plan for Teaching Patients in S.D.A. Hospitals

PART II

R. MAUREEN MAXWELL Associate Professor of Nursing, CME School of Nursing, Lorna Linda

S YOU EXAMINED "The Plan for Inci made. Then they request a duplicated outline A dental Teaching of the Patient" in last of all the topics! During the discussions students month©s issue of THE MINISTRY you probably evaluate one another for content, preparation, thought how simple it was, and how simple nurse-patient relationships, and psychological the teaching content. Yet it is surprising how principles used in getting the point across. many of the young nurses, or students of nurs Examples of questions with reply suggestions ing, do not know or understand the principles are included here: of our health or spiritual beliefs well enough to I. PHYSICAL HEALTH explain them to others. It is even more surpris ing when one considers that these same young A. "How can I make myself go to sleep?" people have studied in our academies and have 1. Proper distribution of work, play, and rest, had at least one year in college, during which with regular habits. 2. A warm or neutral bath calms the emotions. time they took courses in health principles and 3. A well-ventilated, cool room, with a warm religion. bed, helps to induce sleep. When students are asked such questions as. 4. Overcome self-pity and get away from the "I "What can I do to get more sleep?" or "Why am so sensitive" attitude. This will prevent don©t you smoke?" or "Why isn©t meat served?" noise from disturbing. or "Why don©t you nurses wear make-up?" some- 5. Consciously relax all over, starting with the may answer. "It is a policy of the institution." toes, the feet, the legs, et cetera. Make each One probable reason for this seeming lack part "heavy." of understanding is that previously many young 6. Engage in light, wholesome reading, or a people have been on the passive side of edu quiet, pleasant activity, before retiring. 7. Calm down shortly before retiring. Serious or cation, and have grown up taking many of our exciting thoughts should be laid aside. truths for granted. In class it was "old stuff" 8. Have sufficient exercise during the day. to them. Now suddenly they are challenged in 9. Avoid fear that you are not going to sleep; in an active situation to answer for what they such fear often keeps one awake. believe, and a new motive for learning is found. 10. Avoid heavy evening meals, mental work, In order that students may become aware of exciting games, moving pictures, emotional content and problems that might arise, each states, such as fear, anger, worry, disappoint one may be assigned a question that might be ment; all these make sleep difficult. asked by a patient in one of our hospitals. The B. "What is the value of all these water treat student then prepares for and gives a four- ments?" 1. Depends on how the water is used; hot and minute discussion in answer to the question. A cold and their combinations produce different partner acts as patient during the discussion, effects. asking questions that could baffle an unprepared 2. Extremes of heat and cold can produce tonic nurse. Students are amazed at how many points or stimulating effects, increasing the circula can be made in such a short time, and soon they tion and other bodily functions. are asking one another for copies of the points 3. Neutral baths produce a sedative effect, les- AUGUST, 1957 41 SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST NEW WORLD MISSION MAP

This new map, showing the world work of Seventh- Only a limited supply has been printed day Adventists, was produced as the result of urgent to be sold on "first come first served" requests from all sections of the world field, and is basis. Make sure of obtaining your copy printed on heavy 32-pound ledger paper, size 66 x 46 by ordering at once. Price, $4.00. Order inches. through your Book and Bible House. Add sales tax where necessary. It lists all of our publishing houses, sanitariums, hospitals, clinics, and major educational institutions. Division fields are designated by distinctive tints with ORDER BLANK division, union, and local conference headquarters Please send the following: indicated...... Seventh-day Adventist This new map contains latest political subdivisions World Mission Map @ $4.00 _.....__ and church centers. It is ideal for use in churches, schools, Sabbath schools, Missionary Volunteer So Sales Tax Where Necessary ______cieties, and for arousing mission interests in special TOTAL ENCLOSED ...... __ fields. Name _.. ORDER FROM YOUR BOOK AND BIBLE HOUSE Address City ..______._.._.__ .-_ - Zone ___ Periodical Department, Review and Herald Pub. Assn. Washington 12, D.C. State ...... ______42 THE MINISTRY sening vital activity, and are conducive to re 5. Susceptibility to disease is increased tenfold laxation and rest. by meat eating. 4. Heat may be used for the relief of pain. 6. Effects of flesh foods may not be immediately 5. And for the relief of muscle spasm. recognized. Many die of diseases wholly due 6. Generalized use of steam or moist heat may to meat eating, and the real cause is not be used to hasten excretion from the kidneys, suspected. the skin, and the lungs. 7. Flesh food has a stimulating effect it tends 7. A hot foot bath may be used for warming the to irritate the nerves and excite the pas feet, and by reflex action relieve headache or sions. pain in the lower abdomen. 8. The common use of flesh has a deteriorating 8. Cooling baths may be used to reduce fever. influence upon the morals as well as on the 9. Frequent bathing not only cleanses but also physical constitution. maintains skin tone. 9. Those who are waiting for Christ©s coming 10. The proper use of water promotes health and endeavor to make their bodies as nearh per produces healing. fect as possible. C. "What can I do to have better elimination?" 10. It is easier to follow the text, "Whether there 1. Regular time each day for elimination. fore ye eat, or drink, ... do all to the glory 2. Increase bulk in the diet (prunes, figs, dates, of God," if flesh eating is not indulged. apples, grapes.) Prunes also contain a chem F. "Why can't I have my coffee [or tea] for break ical substance that aids. fast?" 3. Vitamins, especially thiamine. as found in 1. Tea and coffee are classified as drugs, since whole wheat, rye, and bran, help maintain the they are a direct stimulant to the heart. general tone of the intestinal tract. 2. Any stimulant used over a period of time 4. Frequent drinking of water 6 to 8 glasses a promotes physical degeneration. day is recommended. 3. Stimulants help a person forget fatigue, but 5. Water or fruit juice before breakfast stimu the tired body that would otherwise be calling lates peristalsis. for rest is made to continue to work. 6. Exercise every day. 4. Tea and coffee accelerate the basal metabo 7. Avoid cathartics and indiscriminate use of lism rate between 10 and 20 per cent. enemas; they weaken the walls of the in 5. Uric acid in the blood and urine is increased testines. thereby. 8. Limit the use of refined sugars, which inhibit 6. The heart beat is accelerated, with an en intestinal action. larged volume of blood per beat. This makes 9. Positive emotional health. Worry may cause the heart w:ork harder and increases respira intestinal retardation. tion. D. "Why should 1 get up? I don't feel like it." 7. The nervous system is less accurate and the 1. To prevent onset of weakness, which comes ability to learn is retarded. with prolonged bed rest. 8. In some instances tea and coffee may be the 2. To strengthen the organ muscles. cause of gastrointestinal disturbances. 3. To send vitalized blood to the extremities. 9. Used over a period of time, tea and coffee 4. To increase vitality. produce nervous excitement, headache, wake- 5. To improve circulation. fulness, palpitation of the heart, indigestion, 6. To aid in the work of digestion. and trembling. 7. To aid in regaining health. G. "I wish I could stop drinking." 8. To improve the action of the heart. 1. You must have a sincere will to stop, coupled 9. To improve morale and mental hygiene. with the power of God. E. "Why don't they serve meat here?" 2. Alcohol is the direct and principal cause of 1. All the elements of nutrition that are neces certain mental diseases. sary for our bodies are contained in fruits, 3. Even in moderate quantities, alcohol causes vegetables, nuts, and grains. disturbance in the brain©s action. 2. The diet appointed man in the beginning did 4. Alcohol is a poison and is no longer classed not include flesh foods, and man had a better as food. Its use lowers resistance to disease physique then than he has now. and shortens life. 3. Those who eat flesh are but eating food 5. While the immediate reaction feels stimulat secondhand. It is better to get it direct. ing, the actual effect is that of an anesthetic 4. The animals whose flesh is sold are often and depressant. diseased. What is obviously diseased is thrown 6. Reasoning power and judgment are impaired. out, and the rest is sold on the market. 7. Alcohol makes for unsafe driving. POLITICAL COERCION DANGEROUS. "Coercives in government should ahvays be held as very dangerous political physic: such as have gone into the practice have commonly either killed or lost their patients.©© Phillips Payson.

AUGUST, 1957 43 8. Alcohol enslaves a person. II. MENTAL HEALTH 9. Alcohol adversely affects a man in his busi A. "Nobody cares; nobody understands me." ness, personal, and family life. 1. Develop a sense of humor. Don©t take your 10. Alcohol affects the circulation and places self too seriously. extra work on the heart, causing undue fa 2. Learn to use will power positively. tigue. 3. Work is a great cure for worry. 11. God cannot dwell in a heart denied by al 4. Do things for other people. cohol. 5. A study of nature helps a person gain proper H. "Why don't you smoke?" perspective. 1. Nicotine affects the nervous system, causing 6. Tolerance of others helps overcome petty a person to have less energy and to tire more whims. easily. 7. Join community activities. 2. There is a direct effect on the circulation. 8. Good literature is diverting, but books of 3. Vision is affected after a person has smoked excitement and imagination make a person over a long period of time. become dissatisfied with his lot. 4. The heated smoke may cause irritation of the 9. Develop a philosophy of life that will con mouth, tongue, pharynx. tribute to well-being, and practice it. 5. The effect upon the central nervous system 10. God understands. Religion helps in releasing forms a basis for the development of the stress and tension to an outside Power. tobacco habit. B. "What's the use of living?" 6. There is a decrease in mental efficiency. 1. God has a purpose in permitting the crea 7. Handlers of tobacco are susceptible to skin tion of each individual. afflictions from tobacco. 2. Happiness and satisfaction are derived from 8. Money can be used for more worth-while doing good to others. purposes. 3. It pleases God to know we are reaching out 9. The smoker is often not considerate of others. to perfect our character, our thoughts, and 10. "For ye are the temple of the living God; as actions. God hath said, I will dwell in them." 4. God has made our body His temple. We should therefore keep it undefiled. 5. The making of friends is a foretaste of heaven. 6. God©s glory in nature brings sunshine to the lives of those who will look for it. In Steel or Wood '• , 7. Nature is full of inspiring revelations. FOLDING TABLES / 8. The great and precious promises in the Bible ' WRITE FOR CATALOG / .ANDWWDIKICTPKICIS ( should give us a radiant philosophy of life. 9. The thrill of bringing Christ to others and J.P.REDINGTON&CO. seeing the change come in their lives will PEPl 76 SCRANTON2.PA. furnish enthusiasm for living. C. "What makes you nurses so different?" 1. We are Christians, and we try to live as Christ would have us. 2. We try to do our work wisely and well, re PREACH membering that in the daily duties we are serving the Lord Jesus Christ. MORE EFFECTIVELY 3. We believe in Bible prophecy, which helps us understand the problems in the world by having at your fingertips — around us and gives us a positive philosophy of life. GOOD ILLUSTRATIONS 4. We try to be cheerful and calm, avoiding APT QUOTATIONS QUOTABLE POETRY excitement. 5. We try to eat a balanced, nourishing diet. Here it is: • A system of resource filing • A growing 6. We do not use stimulants or narcotics, be card file of selected resources — attractive —convenient cause they irritate the stomach and excite the — usable, in packets of 100— 16 packets in all. nerves. Also New Bible Sermon Starter Service 7. We don©t drink liquor because of its depress ing and demoralizing effect. ORDER NOW! 8. We don©t participate in exciting amusements Sample packet $1; $4.75 for 5 packets; $15.25 for all 16. such as movies and dancing, so we usually More details and free sample entries on request. get adequate sleep. 9. We try to dress simply and appropriately, not The Minister's File Service drawing attention to ourselves by the use of 3435 W. Van Buren St. Chicago 24, III. jewelry and make-up. 10. We want others to know of the joys we have in Christianity.

44 THE MINISTRY D. "How can I go on living, with this handicap?" 8. God is particular. The Sabbath is kept as He 1. To look at the handicap optimistically is the desires, because of love for Him. first step toward success. C. "How do you know there is a God?" 2. The handicap will not ruin the chances of 1. Testimony of the Bible. Testimony of ful success in life, but the attitude toward it may. filled Bible prophecy. 3. Many have accomplished great things in life 2. Testimony of the change Christianity makes in spite of serious handicaps, for example, in the lives of people. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Alec Templeton, Helen 3. Testimony of answered prayer. Keller. 4. Testimony of life in man. 4. Others will look to you and treat you as you 5. Testimony of the stars. expect to be treated. 6. Testimony of the universe. 5. The handicap may be a means of broadening 7. Testimony of animal life. your horizon. 8. Testimony of plant life. 6. Try to think of other things. Do not dwell D. "How can you think God is a God of mercy, on your own troubles. when He lets this tragedy happen to me?" 7. Your sympathy and understanding can be a 1. Sin, tragedy, and death all come from Satan. great source of comfort to those in trouble. 2. Sin originated with Satan. Adam and Eve 8. This handicap may be used of God in the yielded to Satan and thus brought sin to the development of a character fit for heaven. world. God could have destroyed sinners, but 9. The Father in heaven loves and cares for you He wants men to serve Him in love and and will give all the strength needed to face not from fear. the hardships. 3. All things work together for the best for those who love God. III. SPIRITUAL HEALTH 4. God allows trials to come that we may A. "How can I be a Christian?" realize how helpless we are. 1. We are powerless to change our lives without 5. If only pleasant experiences came our way, the help of God. we would soon become self-sufficient and for 2. We must first seek the help of the Saviour get God and our need for Him. and accept His guidance. 6. Death is a mystery and God alone holds the 3. We must recognize our sin and be willing to key. In His wisdom He sees fit to permit some admit our failures. 4. We must have sorrow for our sin. 5. We must repent of our misdeeds. We cannot renounce sin unless we recognize its sinful- ness. NOW... 3 SIZES 6. We must confess our sins to God, and to our Unbreakable . . . noise-free . . . fellow men if we have wronged them. lightweight . - . boilproof com 7. We must make restoration for anything ob munion glasses ... Si.25 Doz. tained dishonestly. iR.CC sample of each size 8. After surrender to God, we may claim His promise that He will not allow any tempta BRASS GOODS CO. tion to come to us that we are not able to Dept. a , 55 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass. bear. 9. Christ willingly gave His life for sinners, and we must accept His gift to us. 10. By yielding to Christ we become allied with STRONG the strongest power in the universe. 11. Love God and your fellow men and keep His BIBLICAL PREACHING commandments this is all He asks. 12. Pray in faith. IS WHAT WE ARE DEDICATED B. "Why is the business office closed on Saturday?" TO HELP YOU TO DO 1. The seventh day is the Sabbath. Full set of instractions-^a whole system: from sermon pros 2. The Sabbath is a day of rest from work, as pecting to preaching—stimulating "starters" by Biblical books revealed in God©s command, and in Christ©s —A Sharing Fellowship— example. Ask for "Biblical Sermon Starters" 3. A day to worship God. Descriptive leaflet on request—Sample set $1, including instructions 4. The Sabbath is a spiritual sign between God INQUIRE TODAY—Become a Regular, and secure each set as and man. issued 5. Since it is God©s day, we refrain from doing $1 per set—5 sets for $4.75 our business or pleasure on His holy day. 6. Sabbaths here are representative of Sabbaths The Minister's File Service on the new earth. 3435 W. Van Buren St., Chicago 24, Illinois 7. Sabbath is from evening to evening on the seventh day. AUGUST, 1957 45 to rest. We cannot understand this mystery, but we can trust Him until He Himself will CORRECT CLOTHES explain His purpose to us. FOR THE CLERGY 7. God in His love sent His Son to die for our sins, that we might have life through Him. MAIL 8. God could have destroyed the world, but in ORDERS His love He allowed sin to continue so that PROMPTLY all might have a chance to learn of Him, FILLED and to understand sin©s nature and results. 9. The gift of eternal life is given to those who FEATURING believe in Jesus. ALL-WOOL TOP COATS WITH 10. Doubting God in a time of trouble is like ZIP-IN LINING rejecting a lifeboat when shipwrecked. E. "My mother passed away. I wonder where she SUITS is now." BANKERS AND OXFORD GREY 1. Death is as a sleep, for example, Jesus said, WORSTEDS, BLACK SERGES, "Our friend Lazarus sleepeth." GABARDINES, HERRINGBONES 2. The dead cannot praise God, cannot hope for the truth. Sizes 34 to 50 3. The dead know not anything. Alligator RAINWEAR 4. The very day a man dies his thoughts perish. 5. The dead will not be raised out of their AND LEADING BRANDS OF MEN'S sleep as long as this world lasts. FURNISHINGS 6. At the second coming of Christ the righteous Robes in All Desirable Materials dead will be raised. Together with the right eous living, they will be rewarded with eter LESS 10% CLERICAL DISCOUNT nal life. The wicked will eventually receive DAN HITE their punishment, which will be eternal in effect. 801 N. Capitol St. Washington 2, D.C. 7. "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord STERLING 3-2264 from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their CHURCH BULLETINS——————— works do follow them" (Rev. 14:13). 8. "Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death Scriptural Artistically Designed of his saints" (Ps. 116:15). Large Assortment Self Selection F. "Why do you believe Jesus is coming?" Lithographed Special Days General Use 1. Christ promised He would come again. If we Be Sure to Get Our Free Catalog and Samples accept His first coming to earth and His sin ECCLESIASTICAL ART PRESS Louisville 12, Kentucky less life, we must accept His promise. 2. God loves us. God sacrificed His Son so that His people might be saved. 3. The second coming of Christ is mentioned CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS more than 2,500 times in the Bible. To deny Advertisements appropriate to The Ministry, appear the fact of His coming would be to disbelieve ing under this heading, four cents a word for each the Bible. insertion, including initials and address. Minimum charge, one dollar for each insertion. Cash required 4. Angels told the apostles that Jesus would with order. Address The Ministry, Takoma Park, Wash come again in the same way He went to ington 12, D.C., U.S.A. heaven. 5. There have been stupendous advances of CATALOG—FREE knowledge. Inventions have increased more in the past one hundred years than in the pre Thousands of "Hard to Find" Theological books and sets now ceding two thousand. in stock. Write for free catalog. Complete libraries pur chased. Kregel's Bookstore, Grand Rapids 6, Michigan. 2-12t 6. In view of the distress and perplexity of na tions, even the victors of wars are perplexed. 7. Signs in the sun and moon and stars have MUSIC been fulfilled. 8. These signs prepare people to recognize that Musical Bells—Cowbells, steel or cast, sleighbells, Chorded Clusters, Choral Concert Classes. 440 Pitch. Terms. Evangel the end of all things is near. Bells, Valparaiso, Indiana. 9. Social conditions of the last days will be simi lar to those of the days of Noah. "As in the OBJECT TALK SUPPLIES days of Noe . . ." 10. Signs in nature and elements include famines, You Can Entertain for all occasions with our Chalk Talk Ma pestilences, and earthquakes. terial. Send 10 cents for our illustrated catalog. Balda Art Service, Dept. 88, Oshkosh, Wis. (To be continued) 46 THE MINISTRY HENRY MOSLER, ARTIST

The Pilgrim fathers

By JOHN PIERPONT

The Pilgrim Fathers,—where are they? The Pilgrim Fathers are at rest: The waves that brought them o'er When summer's throned on high, Still roll in the bay, and throw their spray And the world's warm breast is in verdure drest, As they break along the shore; Co, stand on the hill where they lie. Still roll in the bay, as they rolled that day The earliest ray of the golden day When the Mayflower moored below, On that hallowed spot is cast; When the sea around was black with storms, And the evening sun, as he leaves the world, And white the shore with snow. Looks kindly on that spot last.

The Pilgrim spirit has not fled: The mists that wrapped the Pilgrim's sleep It walks in noon's broad light; Still brood upon the tide; And it watches the bed of the glorious dead, And his rocks yet keep their watch by the deep With the holy stars by night. To stay its waves of pride. It watches the bed of the brave who have bled, But the snow-white sail that he gave to the gale, And still guard this ice-bound shore, When the heavens looked dark, is gone,— Till the waves of the bay, where the Mayflower lay, As an angel's wing through an opening cloud Shall foam and freeze no more. Is seen, and then withdrawn. —JOHN PIERPONT The pilgrim exile,—sainted name! The hill whose icy brow Rejoiced, when he came, in the morning's flame, In the morning's flame burns now. And the moon's cold light, as it lay that night On the hillside and the sea, Still lies where he laid his houseless head,— But the Pilgrim! where is he?

AUGUST, 1957 47 "There are places and objects our national life, the richest so intimately associated with the spots are those where gleam the world©s greatest men or with golden threads of conscience, mighty deeds that the soul o£ courage and faith, set in the him who gazes upon them is web by that little band. May lost in a sense of reverent awe God in his mercy grant that the as it listens to the voice that moral impulse which founded speaks from the past, . . . this nation may never cease to "On the sloping hillside of control its destiny; that no act Plymouth, that bathes its feet of any future generation may in the waters of the Atlantic, put in peril the fundamental such a voice is breathed by the principles on which it is based, brooding genius of the place, of equal rights in a free state, and the ear must be dull that equal privileges in a free church fails to catch the whispered and equal opportunities in a words. For here not alone did free school. . . . godly men and women suffer "And I venture the prophecy greatly for a great cause, but that for countless years to come their noble purpose was not and to untold thousands these doomed to defeat, but was car mute pages shall eloquently ried to perfect victory. They speak of high resolve, great suf stablished what they planned. fering and heroic endurance Their feeble plantation be made possible by an absolute came the birthplace of faith in the over-ruling religious liberty, the providence of Almighty cradle of a free Com God." From the address monwealth. To them a of Governor Wolcott of mighty nation owes its Massachusetts, on receiv debt. Nay, they have ing the volume of Brad made the civilized world ford©s Manuscript History their debtor. In the varied of the Plymouth Planta tapestry which pictures tion.

OUR NOBLE HERITAGE Plymouth©s national monument to America©s forefathers is the most imposing of all monuments to the first colonists. It is the largest monument of solid granite in the world (81 feet tall). The central figure is Faith. Her foot rests upon Forefathers© Rock, and in her left hand she holds a Bible. Seated figures represent Morality, Law, Education, Freedom.

THE MINISTRY