ABSTRACT HESS, BENJAMIN MATTHEW. Distribution and Taxonomic Status of the Short-Tailed Shrew

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ABSTRACT HESS, BENJAMIN MATTHEW. Distribution and Taxonomic Status of the Short-Tailed Shrew ABSTRACT HESS, BENJAMIN MATTHEW. Distribution and Taxonomic Status of the Short-tailed Shrew (Genus Blarina) in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Roger A. Powell). Identifying and describing species is a key component in the study of biology. Species concepts are used to define species based on a specific set of criteria. The phenetic or morphological species concept uses measured characters to create clusters that represent the separation of species or subspecies. The genetic species concept investigates differences in genetic material to separate species or subspecies with a common gene pool. I examined the taxonomic status of the short-tailed shrew (Genus Blarina) in North Carolina using both the morphological and genetic species concepts. Short-tailed shrews have gone through several taxonomic revisions in North Carolina and throughout their ranges in North America. In North Carolina, the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) with multiple subspecies and the Dismal Swamp short-tailed shrew (B. telmalestes) were recognized in the state. Currently, B. brevicauda knoxjonesi and B. b. talpoides are recognized as the northern short-tailed shrew subspecics, and B. carolinensis carolinensis is recognized as the northern-most subspecies of the southern short-tailed shrew in North Carolina. B. b. talpoides populations are found in the mountains and the northeast part of North Carolina, where these populations are connected with B. b. talpoides populations in Virginia. B. b. knoxjonesi was identified as a disjunct population in the southeast part of North Carolina. Morphological analyses done with the measurements on skulls and mandibles from museum specimens in North Carolina confirmed that B. brevicauda and B. carolinensis are distinct species. B. b. knoxjonesi and B. b. talpoides have substantial overlap in multivariate analyses (principal components analysis, linear discriminant function analysis and classification tree analysis), and exhibit core-edge population size variation in eastern North Carolina based on the classification tree analysis with localities. Genetic analyses done with the cytochrome-b gene extracted from liver tissue from museum specimens also confirm B. brevicauda and B. carolinensis as distinct species. A small samples size (n=1) for B. b. knoxjonesi does not provide substantial evidence for subspecies status, but this sample grouped with all samples of B. b. talpoides in the phylogram created with the cytochrome-b sequence data in Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. Both morphological and genetic analyses showed little variation within B. b. carolinensis confirming one subspecies is in North Carolina. My results confirm that two species of the short-tailed shrew (genus Blarina) exist in North Carolina. The subspecies status for the northern short-tailed shrew is questionable based on morphological analyses, but requires more research with genetic analyses. More B. b. knoxjonesi specimens should be analyzed with additional mitochondrial DNA genes sequenced to verify if the status based on genetic analyses is in congruence with the morphological analyses. © Copyright 2016 Benjamin Matthew Hess All Rights Reserved Distribution and Taxonomic Status of the Short-tailed Shrew (Genus Blarina) in North Carolina by Benjamin Matthew Hess A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science ZOOLOGY Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: Dr. Jaime A. Collazo Dr. Kevin Gross Minor Representative Dr. Bryan L. Stuart Dr. W. David Webster Dr. Roger A. Powell Chair of Advisory Committee DEDICATION To my family: Jonathan, Georgia, Missy and Tim. This dissertation would not have been possible without all the early times shared in the woods to drive my curiosity. To the late Dr. Gordon L. Kirkland Jr., who took a chance with me and introduced me to museums after my initial field work with Jim Hart – thank you Shippensburg University Vertebrate Museum (“There’s no business like shrew business!”). And to my wife, Shelora, for providing continual love and support during this journey. ii BIOGRAPHY I, Benjamin Matthew Hess, was born and grew up in York, Pennsylvania. I began camping and hiking when I was young, which fostered a great interest in the natural world. While attending Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania, I started my education as a math major with the prospects of becoming a teacher. Knowing that I also wanted to do field work, I ended with a Bachelor of Science (with what is now a designated concentration in Ecology and Environmental Biology) as a major and a minor in mathematics. During this undergraduate work, a summer position as a temporary game farm worker with the Pennsylvania Game Commission led to a position with the Shippensburg University Vertebrate Museum that allowed me the opportunity for extensive field and museum work. I maintained this position until graduation, which sparked a profound interest in the ecology, differences and similarities, and the relationships of mammals. After completion of my undergraduate degree from Shippensburg in 1999, I took non-degree graduate courses and worked various jobs that made me realize that I truly missed biology. I began taking graduate class again in 2004 with the thought of attaining a master’s degree from Shippensburg University. After one year, however, I took on a new job opportunity as the Mammal Collections Manager at the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences in 2005. I started this position with the prospects of continuing my education and after three years, I began my master’s degree at North Carolina State University. Upon graduation with a Master of Science in Zoology, I hope to continue my education with new endeavors. My work and education in North Carolina forged a desire to answer new questions and rekindled my love of teaching. I look forward to my next challenge. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first thank my wife Shelora, whose patience and support make this degree more meaningful. Thank you for persevering with me. I thank my committee chair, Dr. Roger Powell, for taking me on as a prospective student and giving me guidance during this degree. I also thank the remainder of my committee, Dr. Jaime Collazo, Dr. Kevin Gross, Dr. Bryan Stuart and Dr. W. David Webster. A special thank you goes to Dr. W. David Webster for the early conversations about shrews and access to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW) to begin my work at the mammal collection there. Additional access to the UNCW Mammal Collection was provided by Dr. Brian Chapman, Dr. Sentiel “Butch” Rommel, Amy Cherry Millis and Sarah Hutchinson-Karfas including many late evenings and weekends. Thank you to the “unofficial Powell” lab of Roger Powell, Alana Sullivan, Aimee Rockhill, Scott Robertson, Aaron Facka, Rob Sweirs and others for great conversations during our meetings. Additional work done for specimens and the data associated with the specimens was a group effort at the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences (NCSM – now called the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences). Thank you to Lisa Gatens, Bryan McLean, Matt Owen, Bronson Curry, Lydia Fraser, Alexandra Mash, Adrianna Cardinal De Casas, Dawn Keyser, Sam Freeze and others within the Mammal Unit. Early thanks to Jonathan Raine and recent help from M. Ben Norton for GIS mapping of localities at the NCSM. Skull illustrations and layout would not have been possible without the assistance of Liz Bradford and Brenda Wynne. iv Funding for genomics research was made possible by the NCSM Research and Collections Grant 2013-2014. Thank you to Dr. Bryan Stuart for my initial genetics training, and Dr. Julie Horvath and Dr. Julie Urban for allowing me access and use of the NCSM Genomics Lab. I would also like to thank Dr. Heather Farrington, Dr. Olivia Evangelista and Russell Wisser for additional assistance and guidance during my lab work and sequence analysis. Lastly, a special thank you to Dr. Julie Urban for the extra help and trouble-shooting to increase my sample size and final analysis help. v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1: Introduction: Defining and Designating Species, and the Taxonomic History of the Short-tailed Shrew (Genus Blarina) with an Emphasis on North Carolina ................................................................................................................ 1 Literature Cited .......................................................................................................... 7 Tables and Figures ..................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Morphological Variation in Short-tailed Shrews (Genus Blarina) in North Carolina ............................................................................................................ 15 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 16 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Mammals of the California Desert
    MAMMALS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT William F. Laudenslayer, Jr. Karen Boyer Buckingham Theodore A. Rado INTRODUCTION I ,+! The desert lands of southern California (Figure 1) support a rich variety of wildlife, of which mammals comprise an important element. Of the 19 living orders of mammals known in the world i- *- loday, nine are represented in the California desert15. Ninety-seven mammal species are known to t ':i he in this area. The southwestern United States has a larger number of mammal subspecies than my other continental area of comparable size (Hall 1981). This high degree of subspeciation, which f I;, ; leads to the development of new species, seems to be due to the great variation in topography, , , elevation, temperature, soils, and isolation caused by natural barriers. The order Rodentia may be k., 2:' , considered the most successful of the mammalian taxa in the desert; it is represented by 48 species Lc - occupying a wide variety of habitats. Bats comprise the second largest contingent of species. Of the 97 mammal species, 48 are found throughout the desert; the remaining 49 occur peripherally, with many restricted to the bordering mountain ranges or the Colorado River Valley. Four of the 97 I ?$ are non-native, having been introduced into the California desert. These are the Virginia opossum, ' >% Rocky Mountain mule deer, horse, and burro. Table 1 lists the desert mammals and their range 1 ;>?-axurrence as well as their current status of endangerment as determined by the U.S. fish and $' Wildlife Service (USWS 1989, 1990) and the California Department of Fish and Game (Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 12, Issue 1 Page 1 Love Is in the Air! Breeding Season Has Begun in the High Country Article and Photos by Judi Sawyer
    Volume 12 – Issue 1 February 2020 to July 2020 Dear Fellow Birders, Hello everyone, wow, this spring is nothing like what we had planned!!! I hope everyone is able to get out and bird individually during migration. Make sure to visit the newly-constructed wetlands at Brookshire Park. We’ve already had reports of some shorebirds that normally are not that common in our area. Guy has sent out a notice regarding the May 9th spring bird count, and I hope many of you will be able to contribute. He has very thoroughly listed the various areas that are still open to birding, so take a look, and pick your spot! Cindy is also periodically notifying us about virtual birding events organized by AudubonNC. For now, we’ll have to be satisfied with virtual events. AudubonNC has requested that all chapters cancel all in person events through the end of June. Hopefully, we’ll still be able to have our annual meeting in July at Valle Crucis Community Park, as well as resume our scheduled walks. We’ve decided not to have an intern this summer due to the circumstances, so thank you very much to Adrianna Nelson and Christina Collins for volunteering to maintain our social media. It’s a good place to check for the latest updates. Our website calendar is also being kept up-to-date. In other news, the Burke’s grant that we received in January has multiple commitments. We have met the first one, which was asking the Watauga County Commissioners to establish a native plant resolution, which encourages the County to utilize native plants on all county properties and in development projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Endangered Buena Vista Lake Shrews
    CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED BUENA VISTA LAKE SHREWS (SOREX ORNATUS RELICTUS) THROUGH INVESTIGATION OF TAXONOMIC STATUS, DISTRIBUTION, AND USE OF NON-INVASIVE SURVEY METHODS Prepared by: Brian Cypher1, Erin Tennant2, Jesus Maldonado3, Larry Saslaw1, Tory Westall1, Jacklyn Mohay2, Erica Kelly1, and Christine Van Horn Job1 1California State University, Stanislaus Endangered Species Recovery Program 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife Region 4 3Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park June 16, 2017 Buena Vista Lake Shrew Conservation CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED BUENA VISTA LAKE SHREWS (SOREX ORNATUS RELICTUS) THROUGH INVESTIGATION OF TAXONOMIC STATUS, DISTRIBUTION, AND USE OF NON-INVASIVE SURVEY METHODS Prepared by: Brian Cypher, Erin Tennant, Jesus Maldonado, Lawrence Saslaw, Tory Westall, Jacklyn Mohay, Erica Kelly, and Christine Van Horn Job California State University-Stanislaus, Endangered Species Recovery Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Region 4 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Frequency and Magnitude of Selected Historical Landslide Events in The
    Chapter 9 Frequency and Magnitude of Selected Historical Landslide Events in the Southern Appalachian Highlands of North Carolina and Virginia: Relationships to Rainfall, Geological and Ecohydrological Controls, and Effects Richard M. Wooten , Anne C. Witt , Chelcy F. Miniat , Tristram C. Hales , and Jennifer L. Aldred Abstract Landsliding is a recurring process in the southern Appalachian Highlands (SAH) region of the Central Hardwood Region. Debris fl ows, dominant among landslide processes in the SAH, are triggered when rainfall increases pore-water pressures in steep, soil-mantled slopes. Storms that trigger hundreds of debris fl ows occur about every 9 years and those that generate thousands occur about every 25 years. Rainfall from cyclonic storms triggered hundreds to thousands of debris R. M. Wooten (*) Geohazards and Engineering Geology , North Carolina Geological Survey , 2090 US Highway 70 , Swannanoa , NC 28778 , USA e-mail: [email protected] A. C. Witt Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy , Division of Geology and Mineral Resources , 900 Natural Resources Drive, Suite 500 , Charlottesville , VA 22903 , USA e-mail: [email protected] C. F. Miniat Coweeta Hydrologic Lab , Center for Forest Watershed Research, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station , 3160 Coweeta Lab Road , Otto , NC 28763 , USA e-mail: [email protected] T. C. Hales Hillslope Geomorphology , School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK e-mail: [email protected] J. L. Aldred Department of Geography and Earth Sciences , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , 9201 University City Blvd. , Charlotte , NC 28223 , USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 203 C.H.
    [Show full text]
  • When Beremendiin Shrews Disappeared in East Asia, Or How We Can Estimate Fossil Redeposition
    Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 When beremendiin shrews disappeared in East Asia, or how we can estimate fossil redeposition Leonid L. Voyta , Valeriya E. Omelko , Mikhail P. Tiunov & Maria A. Vinokurova To cite this article: Leonid L. Voyta , Valeriya E. Omelko , Mikhail P. Tiunov & Maria A. Vinokurova (2020): When beremendiin shrews disappeared in East Asia, or how we can estimate fossil redeposition, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2020.1822354 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1822354 Published online: 22 Sep 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ghbi20 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1822354 ARTICLE When beremendiin shrews disappeared in East Asia, or how we can estimate fossil redeposition Leonid L. Voyta a, Valeriya E. Omelko b, Mikhail P. Tiunovb and Maria A. Vinokurova b aLaboratory of Theriology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; bFederal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The current paper first time describes a small Beremendia from the late Pleistocene deposits in the Received 24 July 2020 Koridornaya Cave locality (Russian Far East), which associated with the extinct Beremendia minor. The Accepted 8 September 2020 paper is the first attempt to use a comparative analytical method to evaluate a possible case of redeposition KEYWORDS of fossil remains of this shrew.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of Anourosorex (Insectivora, Soricidae) from Western Myanmar, with Special Reference to Identification and Karyological Characters
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 40(2), pp. 105–109, May 22, 2014 The First Record of Anourosorex (Insectivora, Soricidae) from Western Myanmar, with Special Reference to Identification and Karyological Characters Shin-ichiro Kawada1, Nozomi Kurihara1, Noriko Tominaga2 and Hideki Endo3 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Adachi Study Center, The Open University of Japan, 5–13–5 Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120–0034, Japan 3 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan (Received 3 March 2014; accepted 26 March 2014) Abstract We collected six mole shrews in Tiddim Town of Chin State, western Myanmar. They were captured in a human-modified artificial environment, although mole shrews usually inhabit forests. External and skull measurements indicated that the species was Anourosorex assamensis, previously known only as an endemic species of the Assam region of India. This is the first record of this species from Myanmar. Karyological examination revealed the species was diploid with a fundamental autosomal number of 2n=50 and NFa=96. These numbers correspond to the Taiwanese species A. yamashinai, but several differences were apparent in chromosomal morphology and the position of secondary chromosomal constrictions. The karyological information suggests A. assamensis is a full species separate from A. squamipes in China. Key words : Mole shrew, Anourosorex assamensis, morphological identification, karyotype. karyotypes, and should therefore be considered Introduction separate species. After that, Hutterer (2005) Mole shrews, the genus Anourosorex Milne- reclassified all four Anourosorex as four distinct Edwards, 1872, are semifossorial shrews known species based on size differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Solenodon Genome Reveals Convergent Evolution of Venom in Eulipotyphlan Mammals
    Solenodon genome reveals convergent evolution of venom in eulipotyphlan mammals Nicholas R. Casewella,1, Daniel Petrasb,c, Daren C. Cardd,e,f, Vivek Suranseg, Alexis M. Mychajliwh,i,j, David Richardsk,l, Ivan Koludarovm, Laura-Oana Albulescua, Julien Slagboomn, Benjamin-Florian Hempelb, Neville M. Ngumk, Rosalind J. Kennerleyo, Jorge L. Broccap, Gareth Whiteleya, Robert A. Harrisona, Fiona M. S. Boltona, Jordan Debonoq, Freek J. Vonkr, Jessica Alföldis, Jeremy Johnsons, Elinor K. Karlssons,t, Kerstin Lindblad-Tohs,u, Ian R. Mellork, Roderich D. Süssmuthb, Bryan G. Fryq, Sanjaya Kuruppuv,w, Wayne C. Hodgsonv, Jeroen Kooln, Todd A. Castoed, Ian Barnesx, Kartik Sunagarg, Eivind A. B. Undheimy,z,aa, and Samuel T. Turveybb aCentre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; bInstitut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; cCollaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; dDepartment of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010; eDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; fMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; gEvolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, India; hDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; iDepartment of Rancho La Brea, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles,
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Short−Tailed Shrew (Blarina Brevicauda)
    FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Northern Short−tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Blarina sp. − summer coat Credit: painting by Nancy Halliday from Kays and Wilson's Northern Short−tailed Shrews have poisonous saliva. This enables Mammals of North America, © Princeton University Press them to kill mice and larger prey and paralyze invertebrates such as (2002) snails and store them alive for later eating. The shrews have very limited vision, and rely on a kind of echolocation, a series of ultrasonic "clicks," to make their way around the tunnels and burrows they dig. They nest underground, lining their nests with vegetation and sometimes with fur. They do not hibernate. Their day is organized around highly active periods lasting about 4.5 minutes, followed by rest periods that last, on average, 24 minutes. Population densities can fluctuate greatly from year to year and even crash, requiring several years to recover. Winter mortality can be as high as 90 percent in some areas. Fossils of this species are known from the Pliocene, and fossils representing other, extinct species of the genus Blarina are even older. Also known as: Short−tailed Shrew, Mole Shrew Sexual Dimorphism: Males may be slightly larger than females. Length: Range: 118−139 mm Weight: Range: 18−30 g http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna 1 FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Least Shrews have a repertoire of tiny calls, audible to human ears up to a distance of only 20 inches or so. Nests are of leaves or grasses in some hidden place, such as on the ground under a cabbage palm leaf or in brush.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia) from the Miocene of Be³chatów, Poland
    Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 48A(1-2): 71-91, Kraków, 30 June, 2005 Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha (Mammalia) from the Miocene of Be³chatów, Poland. IV. Erinaceidae FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1817 and Talpidae FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1817 Barbara RZEBIK-KOWALSKA Received: 12 Jan., 2005 Accepted for publication: 12 Apr., 2005 RZEBIK-KOWALSKA B. 2005. Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha (Mammalia) from the Miocene of Be³chatów, Poland. IV. Erinaceidae FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1817 and Tal- pidae FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1817. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 48A(1-2): 71-91. Abstract. Very scarce remains of Erinaceidae and Talpidae have been found in three dif- ferent layers of Miocene sediments in Be³chatów in central Poland. Talpidae gen. et sp. in- det. and Desmanella cf. engesseri were stated in horizon C, dated from the Middle (MN4 or MN4/MN5) Miocene, Lanthanotherium aff. sansaniense, Mygalea cf. antiqua, Talpa minuta,“Scaptonyx”cf. edwardsi and Desmanella engesseri in horizon B, dated from the Middle (MN5 or MN5/MN6) Miocene and ?Talpa minuta, Desmanella cf. stehlini and Talpidae gen. et sp. indet. in horizon A, dated from the late Middle (MN7+8) or Mid- dle/Late (MN7+8/MN9) Miocene boundary. The remains are described and illustrated and their systematic position is discussed. Key words: fossil mammals, Insectivora, Erinaceidae and Talpidae, Miocene, Poland. Barbara RZEBIK-KOWALSKA, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, S³awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] I. INTRODUCTION The present paper is the fourth part of a series of studies on the remains of Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha from the Miocene locality of Be³chatów in central Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) Reveal Timing of Transcontinental Colonizations
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 126–137 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations Sylvain Dubey a,*, Nicolas Salamin a, Satoshi D. Ohdachi b, Patrick Barrie`re c, Peter Vogel a a Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland b Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan c Laboratoire Ecobio UMR 6553, CNRS, Universite´ de Rennes 1, Station Biologique, F-35380, Paimpont, France Received 4 July 2006; revised 8 November 2006; accepted 7 December 2006 Available online 19 December 2006 Abstract We sequenced 2167 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S, and 1390 bp of nuclear genes BRCA1 and ApoB in shrews taxa (Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae). The aim was to study the relationships at higher taxonomic levels within this family, and in particular the position of difficult clades such as Anourosorex and Myosorex. The data confirmed two monophyletic subfamilies, Soric- inae and Crocidurinae. In the former, the tribes Anourosoricini, Blarinini, Nectogalini, Notiosoricini, and Soricini were supported. The latter was formed by the tribes Myosoricini and Crocidurini. The genus Suncus appeared to be paraphyletic and included Sylvisorex.We further suggest a biogeographical hypothesis, which shows that North America was colonized by three independent lineages of Soricinae during middle Miocene. Our hypothesis is congruent with the first fossil records for these taxa. Using molecular dating, the first exchang- es between Africa and Eurasia occurred during the middle Miocene. The last one took place in the Late Miocene, with the dispersion of the genus Crocidura through the old world.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexis Museum Loan NM
    STANFORD UNIVERSITY STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305-5020 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY PH. 650.725.2655 371 Serrra Mall FAX 650.723.0589 http://www.stanford.edu/group/hadlylab/ [email protected] 4/26/13 Joseph A. Cook Division of Mammals The Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico Dear Joe: I am writing on behalf of my graduate student, Alexis Mychajliw and her collaborator, Nat Clarke, to request the sampling of museum specimens (tissue, skins, skeletons) for DNA extraction for use in our study on the evolution of venom genes within Eulipotyphlan mammals. Please find included in this request the catalogue numbers of the desired specimens, as well as a summary of the project in which they will be used. We have prioritized the use of frozen or ethanol preserved tissues to avoid the destruction of museum skins, and seek tissue samples from other museums if only skins are available for a species at MSB. The Hadly lab has extensive experience in the non-destructive sampling of specimens for genetic analyses. Thank you for your consideration and assistance with our research. Please contact Alexis ([email protected]) with any questions or concerns regarding our project or sampling protocols, or for any additional information necessary for your decision and the processing of this request. Alexis is a first-year student in my laboratory at Stanford and her project outline is attached. As we are located at Stanford University, we are unable to personally pick up loan materials from the MSB. We request that you ship materials to us in ethanol or buffer.
    [Show full text]
  • WGS Bulletin Subject Index by Keyword
    WGS Bulletin Subject Index By Keyword Keyword Issue Vol:Num:Pg Article Title Absher Fall 1980 14:3:(14) Absher Family Bible Bible record of the family of William M and Nancy J. Reynolds Absher and some of their descendants, beginning in 1871. Abshire Summer 1987 21:2:(7-8) Family Records Some family records with the Absher surname found in the book of Family Records that belonged to Susanna Vannoy, dating from the late 1800s into the 1900s. Academy May 1975 9:2:(2-3) Cover Picture A picture and a short history of the 1934 Sulphur Springs Academy Building. Adams May 1968 2:2:(8) Daniel Adams Former Wilkes native A brief history of Judge Daniel Adams, a Wilkes Co., NC native, from a Johnson County Missouri History in 1881. Aug. 1969 3:3:(1) Jesse Adams Bible Record The Bible record of the Jesse Adams family, beginning in the late 1700s. Feb. 1970 4:1:(1) Jesse Adams Bible Continued A continued record of the Jesse Adams Bible from mid 1800s. Spring 1976 10:1:(6) Revolutionary War Pension Abstracts A brief statement pertaining to the affidavits and letters involving Henry Adams Rev. War Application by his wife, Susanna. Fall 1987 21:3:(22) From the Patriot A brief death announcement on 20 June 1907 for J. W. Adams, Sr. Spring 1988 22:1:(14) Bible Records A list of translated Bible Records for John Adams, born 1776, and some of his descendants. Spring 1989 23:1:(9) The Rev. John Adams' Bible The Bible Records of Rev.
    [Show full text]