27 Resource Assessment and GIS 37 Ram River, Cambrian and other Paleozoic Discoveries Alberta T38, R13W5 40 2007 CSPG CSEG Convention: Special Events 42 2007 CSPG CSEG Convention: Longtime Members Reception 43 Let the Games Begin 46 Announcement: Canada-wide survey of Earth Scientists

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APRIL 2007 – VOLUME 34, ISSUE 4 ARTICLES Resource Assessment and GIS ...... 27 by Ben McKenzie Ram River, Cambrian and other Paleozoic Discoveries, Alberta T38, R13W5 ...... 37 by Canadian Discovery Ltd. CSPG OFFICE #600, 640 - 8th Avenue SW 2007 CSPG CSEG Convention: Special Events ...... 40 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1G7 Tel: 403-264-5610 Fax: 403-264-5898 Web: www.cspg.org 2007 CSPG CSEG Convention: Longtime Members Reception...... 42 Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 4:00pm Business Manager: Tim Howard Let the Games Begin...... 43 Email: [email protected] by David Caldwell, Squash Committee Co-chair Membership Services: Sarah Barton Email: [email protected] Communications & Public Affairs: Jaimè Croft Larsen Announcement: Canada-wide survey of Earth Scientists...... 46 Email: [email protected] by Dr. Andrew Miall Corporate Relations: Kim MacLean Email: [email protected] Corporate Relations Assistant: Heather Tyminski DEPARTMENTS Email: [email protected] Executive Comment...... 5 Conventions & Conferences: Shauna Carson Email: [email protected] Technical Luncheons...... 9 Conventions & Conferences Assistant: Tanya Santry Email: [email protected] Division Talks...... 16 Reception: Dayna Rhoads Email: [email protected] Keeping Track...... 21 EDITORS/AUTHORS Calendar of Events...... 22 Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office. Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue Rock Shop...... 28 date. (e.g., January 23 for the March issue). A Message From the Editors...... 33 To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size For additional information on manuscript preparation, refer to the Guidelines for Authors published in the CSPG Bulletin or contact the editor. Coordinating Editor & Operations Jaimè Croft Larsen, CSPG Tel: 403-513-1227 Fax: 403-264-5898 Email: [email protected] Technical Editor Ben McKenzie Tarheel Exploration Tel: 403-277-4496, Email: [email protected] ADVERTISING Kim MacLean Corporate Relations, CSPG Tel: 403-513-1229, Email: [email protected] Advertising inquiries should be directed to Kim MacLean. The deadline to reserve advertising space is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date. All advertising artwork should be sent directly to Kim MacLean. The RESERVOIR is published 11 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. This includes a combined issue for the months of July/August.

Advertisements, as well as inserts, mailed with the publication FRONT COVER are paid advertisements. No endorsement or sponsorship by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists is implied. Coal Seam, Zhalainur, Inner Mongolia, Peoples Republic of China. A huge seam of Mesozoic age sub-bituminous coal is exposed in one of the largest The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part open-pit coal mines in the world. The thickness of the main seam can be judged from or in full without the consent of the publisher. the locomotive which is about 15 feet (4.5 metres) high. Photo by Colin Martindale. Design & Layout by Sundog Printing. Printed in Canada by Sundog Printing. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office for $3.00. RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 

I_dY['/(-$$$ EXECUTIVE COMMENT A message from the CSPG Programs Director, Nadya Sandy

What’s new with CSPG programs? What is

CSPG the future? EXECUTIVE I’m happy to be in my second year on may have noticed that technical division the CSPG Executive – looking after the lunchtime talk titles were recently added President Colin Yeo • EnCana Corporation Programs portfolio, with the new Assistant to the CSPG’s e-newsletter. [email protected] Tel: (403) 645-7724 Programs Director Randy Rice. CSPG Programs include the Continuing Education COMMITTEE ON CONVENTIONS Vice President Committee, the Technical Divisions, The Committee on Conventions has Lisa Griffith • Griffith Consulting the Technical Luncheons Committee, been working hard planning out future [email protected] Tel: (403) 669-7494 and the Convention Committees. These conventions. Many of you may not know committees provide many important that they start to plan conventions many Past President benefits to CSPG members, and will years in advance. In addition to planning Jim Reimer • Result Energy Inc. continue to do so in the future! the annual CSPG conventions three years [email protected] Tel: (403) 539-5207 in advance (often with CSEG and CWLS), Part of the CSPG’s mission is to advance they are planning annual themed Gussow Finance Director the science of petroleum geology and to conferences for the next several years. Peter Harrington • Northrock Resources Ltd. foster professional development amongst This year’s Gussow conference will focus [email protected] Tel: (403) 213-7665 its members. Our programs help to do on Arctic Energy Exploration and will Assistant Finance Director this, and there are a few areas that we be held in October in Banff in keeping James Donnelly • ConocoPhillips Canada hope to expand to provide even more with the Polar Year celebrations. The [email protected] Tel: (403) 260-8000 benefits to our members. Committee is also investigating a possible joint Gussow-like conference with the Program Director TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS GAC on Climate Change for next year Nadya Sandy • Esso Imperial Oil Resources Limited The Technical Luncheons Committee has - the year of Planet Earth. They are also [email protected] Tel: (403) 237-3925 been running very well for some time presently starting to plan for “GeoCanada now, and our CSPG luncheons are very 2” in 2010. This will bring many of Canada’s ASSISTANT Program Director well attended, and have even been selling geoscience groups to Calgary, and provide Randy Rice • Suncor Energy Inc. out well in advance of the ticket sales an excellent opportunity for all of us to [email protected] Tel: (403) 205-6723 cutoff date! These luncheons provide interact with each other. a way for all members to learn about a SERVICE DIRECTOR wide variety of geoscience topics. The CONTINUING EDUCATION Dave Newman • McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd. [email protected] Tel: (403) 218-1392 Technical Luncheons Committee has plans COMMITTEE to bring in some very interesting speakers The Continuing Education Committee has Assistant Service Director this year! been greatly expanded recently, and they Jen Vezina • Devon Canada Corporation have many future plans. The short courses [email protected] Tel: (403) 232-5079 TECHNICAL DIVISONS and field trips that the CSPG offers are a The 11 CSPG Technical Divisions provide great benefit to CSPG members and the Outreach Director a way for CSPG members to interact Committee is working on increasing the David Middleton • Petro-Canada Oil & Gas with others who share similar interests. number and variety of courses offered. [email protected] Tel: (403) 296-4604 These divisions have been running very Plans are in the works for a fall “education well lately, although many of the technical week” similar to the CSEG’s Doodletrain. ASSISTANT Outreach Director division Chairs tell me that with increased The intent is to start with a few courses Greg Lynch • Shell Canada Limited industry activity, they have been having this year, and perhaps expand the program [email protected] Tel: (403) 691-2052 trouble finding speakers for their lunchtime in following years. or evening talks. I would encourage any of Communications Director Ashton Embry • GSC - Calgary you who do have the time to get involved The Continuing Education Committee [email protected] Tel: (403) 292-7125 with one of the technical divisions, and also plans to evaluate the types of short perhaps give a talk! We are currently courses that are offered. Naturally, Corporate Relations DIRECTOR looking at ways of better advertising the Geology courses are the priority, but Monty Ravlich • GRGO Holdings Ltd. events of the technical divisions - you (Continued on page 7...) [email protected] Tel: (403) 560-1701

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Work. Play. Live. Like you always wanted. I_dY['/(-$$$ (...Continued from page 5) companies. Many of these companies do perhaps we should also offer courses not have a formalized training program. in such things as Geophysics, Reservoir The CSPG is looking at developing a Engineering, Petroleum Economics, Surface syllabus of recommended training for and Mineral Land, Land Administration and geologists, particularly for the early stages The best of both worlds. Side-by-side. Joint Interest, Drilling and Completions, of their careers. Many of the courses on Production Engineering, Facilities that list could be offered by the CSPG, or Engineering, Reserve Assessments, and/or we could direct people to other training Production and Revenue Accounting. As providers. the petroleum industry in western Canada becomes more and more mature, it will Contact information for all of these become important for geologists to know Programs can be found on the CSPG more about topics outside of geology. website at www.cspg.org. If you have any Should the CSPG play a role in providing questions or comments about any of the such education? CSPG Programs, please contact me at CORPORATE (403) 237-3925 or [email protected]. MEMBERS The Continuing Education Committee is also planning to work with APEGGA Nadya Sandy to make it more straightforward to CSPG Programs Director Abu Dhabi Oil Co., Ltd. (Japan) count CSPG courses towards APEGGA APACHE CANADA LTD. professional development requirements, BAKER ATLAS by assigning Continuing Education Units BG Canada Exploration & Production, Inc. (CEUs) to all CSPG short courses and field trips. Mike chose Saudi Aramco for Like his trip to the Alps. BP Canada Energy company Canadian Forest Oil Ltd. the world-class exploration Simply indescribable. The major oil and gas companies are hiring canetic resources trust fewer new graduates than in the past, so opportunities. ConocoPhillips Canada more and more geologists are starting Core Laboratories Canada Ltd. their careers with junior and intermediate Devon Canada Corporation Dominion Exploration Canada Ltd. Duvernay Oil Corp. enerplus resources fund Annual Luncheon Event geologic systems ltd. GRIZZLY RESOURCES Ltd. “The Sun as the Primary Driver of Climate Change?” A lifestyle that lets you see the world. Side-by-side with exploration careers using the most advanced technology. Hunt Oil Company Of Canada, Inc. Believe it. Don’t miss your chance to interview and see how you can have the life you always wanted. HUSKY ENERGY INC. IHS R. Tim Patterson, PhD Saturday, May 12, 2007 Sheraton Eau Claire Hotel Imperial Oil Resources Limited Professor and Director, Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre SAUDI ARAMCO 9am to 4pm 255 Barclay Parade SW JOB FAIR Lario Oil & Gas Company Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Calgary, Alberta, Canada MJ Systems Murphy Oil Company Ltd. Thursday, May 17, 2007 at 11:30 am May 14 – 15, 2007 Roundup Center, Stampede Park Nexen Inc. Metropolitan Conference Centre CSPG CSEG Calgary, Alberta, Canada JOINT CONVENTION Northrock Resources LTD. 333, 4th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta Booth 710 Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Petro-Canada Oil And Gas Sponsored by the Exploration Geophysicists • Geologists PETROCRAFT PRODUCTS LTD. Friends of Science PRIMEWEST ENERGY trust To learn more, to apply online, or for advance consideration, visit us at www.aramco.jobs/fair3 provident energy ltd. Advocates of Climate Change Debate RPS Energy $50 per ticket Shell Canada Limited www.friendsofscience.org Sproule Tickets can be obtained by phone or email (Visa/MC accepted): Suncor Energy Inc. (403) 236-4203 Talisman Energy Inc. [email protected] Payment can also be made by cheque to: Total E&P Canada Limited Friends of Science WEATHERFORD CANADA PO Box 23167 Connaught P.O., Calgary, AB T2S 3B1 AS OF FEBRUARY 24, 2007

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crucial to protecting your company’s Entities by the AEUB complicate the You can’t investment in your play. application of the Guideline. always get what The Technical Guideline provided by the How the Guideline is used by the Department of Energy (as distinct from Department in these unconventional you want the AEUB) provides the framework for the plays will be illustrated. Hopefully this technical requirements that accompany presentation will provide some sense of SPEAKER an application to continue leased rights reasonable expectation at the points of Matt Dymond beyond their primary term. The Guideline application to – and response from – the Alberta Department of Energy facilitates the understanding and clarity Department concerning continuation of between geoscientists supplying data P&NG rights. 11:30 am for an application and the geoscientists Tuesday, April 10, 2007 reviewing the file for the Department. BIOGRAPHY Telus Convention Centre Matt Dymond graduated from the University Calgary, Alberta Some elements of the Guideline hopefully of Windsor with an Honours B.Sc. (Geology) are common sense to experienced in 1980. His professional career began with Please note: geoscientists; however crucial gaps in Shell Canada Resources in Calgary and The cut-off date for ticket sales is information occur frequently in the continued through a succession of exploration 1:00 pm, Thursday, April 5th.* technical submissions. This may result and development companies through Ticket price is $31.00 plus GST. in unsatisfactory responses from the 1998. His experience ranged widely from Crown for technical applications that southeast Saskatchewan through northeast *Please note: Due to the recent popularity of otherwise appear to have technical merit. British Columbia, but primarily in central and talks, we strongly suggest purchasing tickets For industry, eliminating these gaps in northern Alberta. In 1999 Matt joined the early, as we cannot guarantee seats will be advance may reduce time and effort for Alberta Department of Energy in Edmonton available on the cut-off date. geoscientists and companies seeking where he is currently employed. His current timely continuation of their P&NG rights. duties include the geotechnical review of The continuation of Crown P&NG rights Some elements of the Guideline are applications for Tenure (Continuations, following a successful exploration play subtle in their application; although their Land Sales), Crown Equity (Offsets, Units, is one of the necessary steps that have consequences can be considerable to the Trespass), and Oil Sands (Minimum Level of to be done when doing business within oil and gas industry. This subtlety and Evaluation). Alberta. When a geoscientist might rather the ‘conventionality’ of the Guideline in be dealing with the upcoming drilling plan, using concepts, such as ‘pools’, presents the near-term budget, or a variety of potential difficulties when dealing with other tasks, he or she is often required to unconventional resources. Economic plays prove what he or she already believes to such as shallow dry coals and deep wet be true to the Crown. Transferring that coals (CBM), ‘tight’ gas, ‘basin-centred’ knowledge, information, and confidence gas, extensive commingling of multiple to the Department of Energy is, however, zones, and the creation of Development

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007  TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS APRIL Luncheon sponsored by

The cut-off date for ticket sales is 1:00 had a profound effect on the distribution of Turbidite pm, Thursday, April 19th.* sediment in the deep-water setting. Lateral Ticket price is $31.00 + GST. migration of the axial channel belt was limited, sedimentology and as a result, coarse-grained channel- *Please note: Due to the recent popularity of belt material aggraded nearly vertically for and stratigraphic talks, we strongly suggest purchasing tickets approximately 8 m.y. (deposition of up to early, as we cannot guarantee seats will be 1,500 m of sediment). Widespread mudstone architecture available on the cut-off date. beds are often not preserved in the sequence as a result of erosion processes in the in a gas-prone Deep-water gravity-flow deposits dominate channel belt. Consequently, stratigraphically the stratigraphic successions of numerous trapped gas accumulations are difficult to foreland basin foreland basins around the world. In predict due to amalgamation of reservoir the eastern Molasse foreland basin of bodies and variably eroded seal facies. SPEAKER southwestern Germany and Upper Austria, Stephen M. Hubbard natural gas has been produced from Most producing reservoirs in the basin Consortia for Applied Basin Studies, Oligocene-Miocene turbidites for over half are associated with a combination of University of Calgary a century. An extensive collection of core, both stratigraphic and structural trapping; wireline log, reservoir, and seismic (2D historically, exploration success had been CO-AUTHORS and 3D) data represents the foundation closely linked to the recognition of subtle Menno J. de Ruig of the work presented. An immense basin structural highs in 2-D seismic data. With most Shell International E & P, The Netherlands axial channel belt (> 100 km long) was of the structural highs already drilled, future Ralph Hinsch largely responsible for the distribution of discoveries are likely to be associated with Rohölaufsuchungs A.G., Austria coarse-grained, gravity-flow deposits in the stratigraphic traps. Depositional elements productive units of interest. Elements of this characterized by significant reservoirs 11:30 am depositional system, recognized in regional include massive sandstone and conglomerate Tuesday, April 24, 2007 3D seismic attribute maps calibrated by of channel thalweg affinity, with more modest Telus Convention Centre nearly 350 wells, include channel-belt thalweg, reservoirs present in thin–bedded turbiditic Calgary, Alberta mass-transport complexes, overbank wedge, overbank units dominated by Bouma overbank lobe, and tributary channel. As sequences (crevasse splay lobes and tributary the Molasse Basin is mature, this newly channels). Channel abandonment and developed depositional model has provided a migration are two processes known to result fresh outlook for explorationists looking for in a stratigraphic architecture conducive to HUGH REID’S more subtle traps. reservoir development in the basin.

SPRING Sedimentation in the three-to-six km-wide BIOGRAPHY COURSES channel belt was commonly focused within Stephen Hubbard received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. smaller channel elements, one-to-two km degrees in geology from the University of Alberta. PRACTICAL DST CHART in width. These elements consist of upward His M.Sc. thesis focused on the sedimentology, INTERPRETATION fining and thinning gravity-flow deposit ichnology, and petroleum geology of the Peace (Thorough Basic Course) successions, which record the waning of River Oil Sands deposit, and following completion Apr. 16-20, 2007 flows in the channel setting. Chaotically of his thesis he joined Shell Canada where he bedded fine-grained units, including debris worked as a development geologist on the deposit flow deposits, slumped material, and rafted for two additional years. He completed his Ph.D. 16 WAYS TO IDENTIFY sediment blocks are common in the channel at Stanford University on the stratigraphic BYPASSED PAY FROM belt locally. Overbank sedimentation, from architecture of deep-water depositional systems DST DATA flows that spilled over the margin of the in the subsurface (Austrian Molasse Basin) (More advanced, for those smaller channel elements, was common and in outcrop (Chilean Magallanes Basin). He “comfortable” with DST charts) within the confines of the axial channel recently joined the faculty in the Department Apr. 26-27, 2007 belt. A significant amount of fine-grained of Geology and Geophysics at the University material overtopped the margin of the axial of Calgary in an assistant professor role. He HYDRODYNAMICS channel belt, lapping onto the confining teaches classes to undergraduate students SEMINAR foredeep slopes and ultimately accumulating enrolled in the new petroleum concentration (Oil & Gas Finding Aspects) in sediment wedges up to 200-300 m thick. program, and is working on research projects These overbank wedges are commonly incised in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and May 7-11, 2007 by tributary channels oriented perpendicular abroad. He is a co-director of the Consortia for to the axial channel belt. Local breaching of Applied Basin Studies (CABS), a new research In-house courses available. channel levees resulted in the deposition of group at the University of Calgary designed For course outline visit: sandy material in an overbank setting (akin to to work on international and national (WCSB www.hughwreid.com crevasse splay deposits). and Arctic Canada) project-based studies in close collaboration with sponsoring oil and gas 262-1261 Confinement of the depositional system companies. within the narrow Molasse Basin foredeep

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Economic basement in the Queen Charlotte found largely near the top of this unit, Sedimentary area is massive, thick Upper Triassic where migration routes from below and the flood basalts, underlain onshore by partly seal above may be inadequate. The Tertiary basins offshore metamorphosed older rocks. Above, high- deposits thus seem to be predominantly quality source rocks exist in the ~1,000- caprock, perhaps with some secondary Western Canada m-thick Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic exploration targets. assemblage, with oil-prone Type I and II and their kerogen and TOC (total organic carbon) Stratigraphic and sedimentological studies up to 11%. Geochemical evidence suggests indicate the Triassic-Jurassic source rocks petroleum these rocks provided most of this area’s were deposited in a broad shelfal basin oil, and a major pulse of oil generation and encompassing this entire region and prospects migration was in the Tertiary. The overlying beyond. However, the Cretaceous basin Upper Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous clastic was confined to western Queen Charlotte SPEAKER succession, ~3,000 m thick, has negligible Islands and northwestern Vancouver Island, Henry Lyatsky source potential but contains high-quality with uplands to the east shedding detritus. Lyatsky Geoscience Research and reservoirs with largely secondary porosity Western Queen Charlotte Sound was Consulting Ltd. of ~15% or more. Above, mostly offshore, probably part of the same Cretaceous lie Tertiary mudstone, sandstone, and basin, while eastern Queen Charlotte 11:30 am volcanic deposits, up to ~6,000 m thick in Sound and Hecate Strait largely lost their Thursday, May 10, 2007 some fault-bounded depocenters. pre-existing source rocks and received few, Telus Convention Centre non-marine Cretaceous deposits. Tertiary Calgary, Alberta The Tertiary deposits have gas-prone caprock, with thickness variable block to Type III and II kerogen, with up to 2.5% block, then blanketed Hecate Strait and The cut-off date for ticket sales is TOC locally. However, clay products of Queen Charlotte Sound. 1:00 pm, Monday, May 7th.* feldspar decomposition greatly degrade Tickets are $31.00 plus GST. their permeability, especially at basal levels. Western Queen Charlotte Sound should Reservoir-quality sandstone facies are (Continued on page 15...) *Please note: Due to the recent popularity of talks, we strongly suggest purchasing tickets early, as we cannot guarantee seats will be available on the cut-off date.

Renewed interest in western Canada shelf basins results from widespread expectations that the long-standing government moratorium on offshore exploration there may soon be lifted. The best oil prospects seem to exist in Cretaceous reservoirs in the southwestern part of the Queen Charlotte Basin, in western Queen Charlotte Sound.

With widespread oil seeps from rocks of all ages, two dozen wells were drilled in the Queen Charlotte and Tofino areas before the 1970s. Many land areas were mapped in the 1980s and 1990s, largely by the Geological Survey of Canada. However, Vancouver and Queen Charlotte islands mostly lack caprock, Hecate Strait seems to lack adequate source and reservoir rocks, and the offshore wells did not significantly test the Mesozoic horizons. Rocks on the mainland are crystalline. The Tofino, Winona, Georgia, and Juan de Fuca basins lack significant known source rocks. By contrast, the southwestern part of the Queen Charlotte Basin seems to contain a stack of source, reservoir, and caprock strata, largely at oil-window burial depths, as well as large block-fault traps.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 13 TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS MAY Luncheon sponsored by

indicates which of the world’s fold and thrust potential as a result of politically challenging Structural style belts are the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces. access and remote locations. The Zagros Fold Belt contains 49% of reserves and hydrocarbon in fold and thrust belts and has been isolated Biography during the analysis to avoid bias. Excluding the Mark Cooper graduated with a B.Sc. geology degree prospectivity in fold Zagros Fold Belt most of the reserves are in from Imperial College, London in 1974 and with thin-skinned fold and thrust belts that have no a Ph.D. from Bristol University in 1977. He taught and thrust belts: a salt detachment or salt seal, are partially buried geology at University College Cork prior to joining global review by syn- or post-orogenic sediments, are sourced BP in 1985 to work on structurally complex basins by Cretaceous source rocks and underwent based in London. Mark was assigned to BP Canada in SPEAKER their last phase of deformation during the 1988 where he worked on exploration in the foothills Mark Cooper Tertiary. A significant observation is that the including the successful Sukunka-Bullmoose play in Encana Corporation. six most richly endowed fold and thrust belts NE British Columbia. Mark also worked for BP in have no common set of geological attributes, Colombia on the team that drilled the discovery wells 11:30 am implying that these fold belts all have different on the Cupiagua, Volcanera, and Florena Fields. In Tuesday, May 29, 2007 structural characteristics. The implication is that 1994 he joined PanCanadian and worked on the BC Telus Convention Centre deformation style is a not critical factor for the foothills, western Newfoundland, Quebec, the Gulf of Calgary, Alberta hydrocarbon endowment of fold and thrust Mexico, the Scotian Shelf, and various international belts; other elements of the petroleum system projects. He worked on frontier and international The cut-off date for ticket sales is 1:00 must be more significant. Other fold and thrust projects through the formation of EnCana in 2002 pm, Thursday, May 24th.* belts may share the structural attributes but and is currently manages the Middle East and Global Tickets are $31.00 plus GST. the resource-rich fold belts overwhelmingly New Ventures groups for EnCana. He has published dominate the total reserves in that group of over 50 papers and co-edited a book on Inversion *Please note: Due to the recent popularity of talks, we fold belts. There is nothing intrinsic in fold and Tectonics. He served as an AAPG Distinguished strongly suggest purchasing tickets early, as we cannot thrust belts that differentiates them from other Lecturer for 1999-2000 and was a co-winner of the guarantee seats will be available on the cut-off date. oil and gas rich provinces other than the prolific AAPG Matson Award in 2002. Mark has been heavily development of potential hydrocarbon traps. involved with both the Canadian Society of Petroleum A statistical analysis of reserves in fold and thrust Many of the prolific, proven fold and thrust Geologists and the AAPG serving on committees in belts, grouped by their geological attributes, belts still have significant remaining exploration both organizations over the last 10 years.

14 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 (...Continued from page 13) Henry volunteers as President of the Calgary To avoid the downtown rat-race and thus contain a favorable source-reservoir- Mineral Exploration Group, whose annual congestion, Henry works from home, enjoys seal stack. Gravity data also indicate a Mining Forum conference he chaired in 2005. the open space of the Alberta outdoors, and great thickness of undrilled low-density He has also held a number of campaign- loves nothing better than an in-depth history (sedimentary?) rocks is present beneath management and constituency-executive book after a good hike in the mountains. western Queen Charlotte Sound but not positions with the Conservative Party of He can be reached at www.telusplanet.net/ elsewhere in the Queen Charlotte Basin. Canada and the Alberta PC Party. public/lyatskyh or [email protected].

Caprock-breaching faults are sparser in Queen Charlotte Sound than in northern parts of the basin, and the basin is not overpressured. Regional geological and geophysical correlations suggest that Western Canada major Mesozoic block-fault networks were Geological Edge Set Also now available: reactivated in the Cenozoic; kinematic US Rockies-Williston indicators and cross-cutting relationships For import into AccuMap, geoSCOUT Geological Edge Set of faults and dated igneous rocks rule out significant strike-slip movements in the and other applications. Montana, North Dakota, Neogene. Seismic and gravity data show 1) Mississippian Subcrops, Devonian Reefs Wyoming, Colorado, Utah the fault-bounded Tertiary depocenters 2) Triassic Halfway, Doig, Charlie Lake and raised blocks to be comparatively broad in western Queen Charlotte Sound. 3) Jurassic Rock Creek For more information contact: 4) Cretaceous Glauconitic, Lloyd, Sparky, Joel Harding The caveats are several. Cretaceous rocks, Colony, Bluesky, Dunlevy, Viking deposited near their provenance areas, 403-870-8122 5) CBM - Horseshoe Canyon, Mannville tend to be petrologically immature, and or Mike Sherwin secondary porosity in them may be hard to predict. Buried source rocks beneath All edges are formatted as map 403-263-0594 the deepest Tertiary depocenters may be features for AccuMap and ESRI [email protected] thermally overmature. Some traps may be Shape files for other applications. www.sherwingeological.com breached by Neogene faults: one offshore well encountered oil staining, suggesting oil passed through these Tertiary rocks and escaped. A major local influence on hydrocarbon-maturation levels on Queen Charlotte Islands is proximity to the mostly Jurassic and Tertiary igneous plutons. Similar potential-field anomalies suggest massive igneous bodies may be present beneath eastern Queen Charlotte Sound, and correlations with mainland igneous suites put their age at Miocene. The pluton-related(?) magnetic anomalies do not seem to significantly extend into western Queen Charlotte Sound.

BIOGRAPHY Henry Lyatsky is a Calgary-based consultant who has worked across western and northern Canada and internationally in hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia and moved to Calgary as a teenager. He holds a B.Sc. in geology and geophysics (1985, University of Calgary), an M.Sc. in geophysics (1988, University of Calgary) and a Ph.D. in geology (1992, University of British Columbia). Henry is the first or sole author of three books (Springer- Verlag) and two atlases (EUB/Alberta Geological Survey) on the regional geology and geophysics of western Canada, as well as many papers. He is a member of CSEG, EAGE, AGU, MEG, and APEGGA.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 15 DIVISION TALKS INTERNATIONAL DIVISION sponsored by

Encana Amphitheatre A comprehensive evaluation of this area Evaluation of 2nd floor, has been recently carried out by Ginko East end the Calgary Tower Complex Oil Exploration of Israel and Image hydrocarbon 1st Street & 9th Avenue S.E. Interpretation Technologies of Calgary. Calgary, Alberta This study focuses primarily on detailed Potential of the mapping of potential traps in the basin. The Dead Sea petroleum system contains New potential hydrocarbon traps have Dead Sea Basin, all the components necessary for significant been identified by reprocessing old seismic hydrocarbon accumulations. It includes gas data as well as through the use of high Israel fields and various oil occurrences as well resolution gravity, magnetic, and remote- as a tar belt that is characteristic of many sensing data that were acquired for this SPEAKER prolific petroleum provinces. The source project. Dr. Zeev Berger rock (Upper Cretaceous “oil shales”) is a Image Interpretation Technologies, world-class, organic-rich rock that upon The talk will demonstrate how a systematic Calgary deep burial has generated large quantities integration of regional datasets can of hydrocarbon, in excess of 20BBOE. The generate new ideas and revive interest in CO-AUTHOR system is still active at the present and it a region that was dormant for exploration Dr. Eli Tannenbaum is characterized by short-range migration for several decades. (Ginko Oil Exploration, Israel) distances. Other important systems components are high quality reservoir rocks 12:00 Noon in the basin and on its margins, regional Wednesday, April 4, 2007 seals, and attractive traps.

16 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 DIVISION TALKS EMERGING PETROLEUM RESOURCES DIVISION sponsored by

Isotope analyses on dissolved methane, BIOGRAPHY The geochemical ethane, and propane in the produced fluids Patrick Klassen received his B.Sc. from the revealed that these carbon isotope ratios University of Alberta (2001) and M.Sc. (2007) and isotopic in the HSC/BR and the MNVL fluids are from the University of Calgary (thesis title: The rather distinct and different from carbon geochemical and isotopic composition of NGC composition isotope ratios of methane and ethane in production fluids from the Horseshoe Canyon many shallow groundwaters in the vicinity Formation/Belly River Group and Mannville of NGC of NGC development. This suggests that Group in Alberta). Patrick is currently working carbon isotope ratios may be in many as an unconventional gas geologist with ARC production cases suitable to differentiate between Resources Ltd. NGC gases and biogenic gases in shallow fluids from aquifers in Alberta. In addition, Mannville INFORMATION Group NGC composition suggests an EPRD noon-hour talks are free and do not the Horseshoe increasingly thermogenic gas signature require registration. Non-CSPG members are with depth. also welcome to attend. Please bring your Canyon lunch. If you would like to join our email This presentation is a summary of results distribution list, suggest a topic, or volunteer Formation/Belly from a recent study by the Applied to present a talk, please send a message to Geochemistry Group, Department of [email protected]. Division talks are River Group and Geology and Geophysics at the University sponsored by IHS (http://www.ihs.com). of Calgary. The project was sponsored Mannville Group by ARC Resources, Burlington Resources, Enerplus, Environment Canada, Nexen Inc., in Alberta and Quicksilver Resources (MGV Energy).

SPEAKER Patrick Klassen ARC Resources Ltd.

12:00 Noon Wednesday, April 11, 2007 ConocoPhillips Auditorium (3rd Floor – west side of building) 401-9th Ave SW (Gulf Canada Square)

With the rapid development of the NGC (Natural Gas from Coal) industry in Alberta has come concern over potential impacts on groundwater in the vicinity of NGC operations.

To help address these concerns it is important to understand the nature of the fluids being produced from NGC wells in Alberta. Forty-six production fluid samples from the Horseshoe Canyon/Belly River Group (HSC/BR) coals were found to range between

Na-HCO3 to Na-Cl type waters with an average total dissolved solid (TDS) content of 5,427 mg/l. Twenty-four Mannville Group (MNVL) production fluid samples from coals were all Na-Cl type water with an average TDS of 74,490 mg/ l. Geochemical and isotopic parameters suggest that both the HSC/BR and MNVL fluid compositions are indicative of mixing between meteoric water and a higher total dissolved solids end member.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 17 DIVISION TALKS BASIN ANALYSIS DIVISION sponsored by

Today, Suncor’s production capacity stands at within the McMurray Formation for the Geology and 260,000 barrels per day, with plans in place to recovery of bitumen from the underlying expand to 500,000 barrels per day by 2012. estuarine channel complex. The uppermost production unit within the McMurray Formation is the In 2003, Suncor began to exploit its in-situ shoreface and it consists of lower to upper performance from reserves at a lease called Firebag using the shoreface sands. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Suncor’s Oil Sands process. SAGD utilizes a pair of stacked Steam was first injected in October 2003 horizontal wells that are positioned near the and the first barrel of bitumen was processed In-Situ project base of the reservoir. Steam is injected into in January 2004. Production is continuing the upper horizontal well and hot bitumen to ramp-up and some wells have produced in Northeastern and water flow into the lower horizontal more than 2,500 barrels/day. Cumulative well. A typical well pair is spaced vertically 5- bitumen production to the end of 2006 is Alberta, Canada 6 m apart with a horizontal length of 1000 m. 23,000,000 barrels. The true vertical depth (TVD) is 320 m. SPEAKER Biography Eugene A. Dembicki At Firebag, the McMurray Formation Eugene Dembicki is the Manager of Firebag Suncor Energy Inc. is subdivided into four informal units: Geology and Geophysics for Suncor Energy continental, estuarine channel complex Inc. and he is responsible for the discovery 12:00 Noon (which is the bitumen reservoir unit), and delineation of Suncor’s in-situ heavy oil Thursday, April 5, 2007 estuarine tidal flat, and shoreface. The properties. Prior to joining Suncor in 1998, EnCana Amphitheatre, 2nd Floor continental unit occurs at the base of the he worked as a consultant, well site geologist, East end of the Calgary Tower Complex McMurray Formation and it is usually present and mining exploration geologist. He obtained 1st Street and 9th Avenue SE in paleotopographic lows on the eroded his B.Sc. (1988) and M.Sc. (1994) degrees in Calgary, Alberta Devonian surface. It is a heterogeneous unit Geology from the University of Alberta. and consists of narrow sandy fluvial channels, Suncor has produced bitumen from the shaly overbank deposits, and thin argillaceous Information Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation coal seams. Above the continental unit is BASS Division talks are free. Please bring your since 1967 by mining the shallow oil sands the estuarine channel complex and in places lunch. For further information about the division, deposit adjacent to the Athabasca River it can be up to 70 m thick. This is the joining our mailing list, a list of upcoming talks, or and upgrading the bitumen into refinery primary reservoir target and it is comprised if you wish to present a talk or lead a field trip, feedstock and diesel fuel in northeastern of bitumen-saturated, stacked channel bar please contact either Steve Donaldson at 403- Alberta, Canada. In January 2006, Suncor sands, abandoned channel-fill shales, and 645-5534, email: Steve.Donaldson@encana. produced 1 billion barrels of oil sands crude interbedded sand and shale sequences. com or Mark Caplan at 403-691-3843, email: and Suncor’s reserve base consists of 5 billion Capping the estuarine channel complex is the [email protected] or visit our web page barrels of mineable synthetic crude oil and 9 shale-dominated estuarine tidal flat complex at www.cspg.org/events/divisions/basin-analysis- billion barrels of in-situ synthetic crude oil. and it is expected to form an internal seal sequence-strat.cfm.

2007 Convention • May 14 - 17, 2007 • Calgary, Alberta, Canada

www.GEOconvention.org

18 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 DIVISION TALKS STRUCTURAL DIVISION sponsored by

Observations from two outcrop analogues BIOGRAPHY Expression, (Ecuador and Sarawak) will outline Jean-Yves Chatellier obtained “licence” and alternate motion between vertical faults “maitrise” in geology from Lille University mechanism and horizontal detachments. These will (France), a further graduate degree in be complemented by a 4D view of the structural geology and a Ph.D. in tectonics and importance earthquakes associated with the Tsunami from University Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris. of December 26th 2004 when three main While being in the French military service of alternate fault fault systems were sequentially active. he got a Masters degree in sedimentology from University of Calgary. Throughout his activity at The last series of examples will focus on academic and professional career he has the New Madrid Seismic Zone (US) with been interested in combining sedimentology oil field and a 4D view of the recent alternate fault and structural geology. He worked on basins activity (earthquakes) and the major shift and oil fields from every continent, most of basin scale of sedimentation every 400 years, linked it while working for Elf, Petroconsultants, to switching between the two dominant Shell International, and Petroleos de SPEAKER fault systems. Venezuela. In the last fifteen years he has Jean-Yves Chatellier focused on multidisciplinary integration, Tecto Sedi Integrated Inc. Some western Canadian analogues will be combining sedimentology, structural geology, mentioned. All cases invoke a direction geochemistry, reservoir engineering, and 4D 12:00 Noon of maximum stress oblique to the pre- visualization. Thursday, April 12, 2007 existing fault system. Creation of new Petro-Canada faults seems to coincide with the time of West Tower, room 17B/C (17th floor) switch between active fault systems. 150 – 6th Avenue SW Calgary, Alberta

Alternate fault activity is a very common phenomenon that can be vital in understanding fault geometries and timing of fault activity, their importance in controlling sedimentation and the location of the next structural closure to be drilled. Evidence of such alternate fault activity will be shown at oil field and basin scale; analogy and mechanism will be evidenced from outcrop exposures and from seismicity pattern through time.

The oil field example will review the sedimentation of the Brent Group in the Tern Field and the faults that are controlling, in an alternating sequence, the deposition of these sediments. Similarity will be drawn to the structural evolution of the Baram delta between the Jerudong and Baram faults (Brunei/Sarawak) and to the Maracaibo and Norte Monagas Basin evolution during the Cenozoic.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 19 DIVISION TALKS geofluids DIVISION sponsored by

Determining the major flow directions patterns. Water chemistry data can Impact of of groundwater systems is an important be used to determine ages of waters aspect of petroleum systems analysis, and fluid flow directions in a basin, formation water especially for biodegraded oil reservoirs. particularly where meteoric recharge In the Western Canada Sedimentary occurs. Further interpretations can be chemistry on Basin (WCSB), petroleum and trapped made using conservative mixing diagrams brines are generally believed to have for major cations and anions, as well biodegraded oil flowed updip from organic rich source as oxygen and deuterium isotopes. rocks in the west during the Columbian Publicly available groundwater chemistry in Southern and Laramide orogenies. Over time, data and recently sampled formation the interface between meteoric water water from the Border Plains Region in Alberta and SE in-flow and deep formation water updip- southern Alberta and Saskatchewan will flow at the margin of the basin changed be presented. Flow patterns in this area Saskatchewan due to local influences of topographic- and examples from bordering regions will drive and compaction-drive. Current be discussed in the context of petroleum SPEAKER patterns of formation water chemistry alteration patterns. Mathew Fay and Steve Larter are record paleo-fluid flow patterns Petroleum Reservoir Group in the basin, which have influenced University of Calgary. petroleum alteration processes in this dynamic system. The extent of meteoric 12:00 Noon water recharge into Paleozoic and Thursday, April 19, 2007 Mesozoic reservoirs is controlled by ConocoPhillips Auditorium various factors including the regional 3rd Floor (above +15 Level) surface topography, thickness of shale 401 – 9th Avenue SW or impermeable interbeds, location Calgary, Alberta of outcrop, and Pleistocene glaciation

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20 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 DIVISION TALKS PALAEONTOLOGY DIVISION sponsored by Bite Me: skull structure and strength in carnivorous dinosaurs

SPEAKER Dr. Donald Henderson Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

7:30 pm Friday, April 20, 2007 Mount Royal College Room B108 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW Calgary, Alberta

The skulls, jaws, and teeth of large, carnivorous theropod dinosaurs are perhaps their most impressive aspect. The rigid, ‘box-like’ construction of theropod skulls, a simple jaw-closing mechanism, and single rows of uniform teeth make theropod skulls very amenable to analysis with simple biomechanical models. These models can help us to understand the function Figure: Schematic side (back panel) and top (lower panel) views of the skull of the tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus and the feeding habits of these extinct libratus, along with a 3D “wire-frame” representation of the skull derived from the two 2D views. The geometric predators. This talk will present the findings data defining the 3D representation can be further processed to determine biomechanical properties of the skull of two research projects that looked at the – such as the area of the hatched cross-sectional slice shown. mechanics of the skulls of these animals.

The amount of bone used in the construction his early interests in zoology and palaeontology. of a skull, and the configurations of the bony He studied for two years at the University of KEEPING TRACK elements, can suggest what sorts of forces a Calgary, and then went to the University of skull could resist. The size and shape of the Bristol where he was awarded a Ph.D. in dinosaur Sudhir Jain was a well known member of eye socket in theropods are good indicators biomechanics in 1999. He spent two years at the exploration community in Calgary for of skull strength and bite force across a the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, 25 years. After retiring from the rigors of range of theropods, and different groups Maryland on an NSERC post-doc, and then geophysics, his life-long passion for literature of theropods have independently evolved returned to U.Calgary in 2001 as a post-doc and music took over and he started writing similar skull adaptations. and sessional instructor in the Department of short stories and essays covering a wide Biological Sciences. In 2006, he was appointed spectrum of topics. A distinguishing feature of tyrannosaurid curator of dinosaurs at the Tyrrell Musuem. dinosaurs is the fusion of the left and right A collection of his stories is being published members of the nasal bones, and this fusion Information: by Bayeux Arts in April. The book is called is seen in even the earliest member of the This event is jointly presented by the Alberta Isolde’s Dream and Other Stories. The group. These bones lie along the top of the Palaeontological Society, Mount Royal College, and title story is about the love affair between snout, and are in a ‘strategic’ position to the CSPG Palaeontology Division. For information composer Richard Wagner and Mathilde, brace the snout against both the compressive or to present a talk in the future please contact young wife of his patron Otto Wesendonck. and torsional stresses associated with a CSPG Paleo Division Chair Philip Benham at Other stories are based on observations strong bite and struggling prey. 403-691-3343 or [email protected]. during his life in five countries and illustrate Visit the APS website for confirmation of event a unique sense of self-deprecating wit and Biography times and upcoming speakers: http://www. pathos. More details are available at www. Donald Henderson earned a B.Sc. in geology albertapaleo.org/ Bayeux.com. and physics from the University of Toronto in 1992. After working for a year, he decided geophysics wasn’t for him, and he returned to

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 21 DIVISION TALKS GEOMODELING DIVISION sponsored by Intuition in the Geosciences

SPEAKER Matt Hall ConocoPhillips Canada

12:00 Noon Wednesday, April 25, 2007 ConocoPhillips Auditorium 3rd Floor- above Plus 15+ level Figure 1. Which hand will win most often at Texas Hold ‘Em? Intuition serves us well in certain situations, but when 401 9th Avenue SW it comes to probabilities, large numbers, and randomness, it often lets us down. As geoscientists, we deal with these Calgary, Alberta phenomena on a daily basis. It may pay to understand some of the common pitfalls of trusting our intuition.

Human geologists, geophysicists, and Using some straightforward puzzles and and have others check it; expect to see engineers are prone to certain errors paradoxes, I will present examples of four patterns, even when there are none; test in judgment, perception, logic, and categories of error: big number errors, different hypotheses, especially ones you mathematics. We can’t help it, and most of randomness errors, probability errors, don’t like; when considering probabilities, the time we are not even aware of them. and sampling errors. I will also share how I be sure to consider all the possible But knowing about the kinds of errors we think we can avoid falling into these traps: outcomes. are susceptible to, and how to spot them, attempt to disprove your hypothesis, not can help us avoid some of them at least just prove it; practise Fermi problems, Here’s a puzzle that traps most people some of the time. but calculate results; check your work, with a big number error: how many ways can I walk to work? I walk six blocks east and five blocks south. There’s only one way to get to Louise Bridge, I can CALENDAR OF EVENTS only walk east or south, and I can walk down either sidewalk along every road. 15th Williston Basin Petroleum How many unique routes can I take? Conference and Prospect Expo Try thinking about this for a minute and April 29-May 1, 2007 coming up with an answer based on Delta Regina Hotel – Saskatchewan Trade intuition or experience. Then work it out & Convention Centre on a piece of paper. I guarantee you will be www.wbpc.ca surprised by the answer.

Geological Association of Canada / Biography Mineralogical Association of Canada Matt Hall, P.Geol, P.Geoph, read Geology at Annual Meeting the University of Durham and graduated with May 23-27, 2007 a Ph.D. in sedimentology from the University Yellowknife, NWT of Manchester in 1997. He spent three years http://www.nwtgeoscience.ca/ at Statoil in Stavanger, working the Norwegian yellowknife2007/index.html 2007 Convention shelf in general and the South Viking Graben in particular, before moving to Canada in 2007 CSPG CSEG Annual Convention May 14 - 17, 2007 2000. Matt joined Landmark in Calgary and May 14-17, 2007 moved from consulting to technical sales, and Calgary, AB Calgary, Alberta, Canada then back to consulting as an independent www.GEOconvention.org contractor in 2004. Since 2005, Matt has been working as a geophysicist in the Oil CSPG Field Trip Sands division at ConocoPhillips Canada. He June 20, 2007 can be reached at hallmt@conocophillips. Exploration Targets in the Canadian Rocky com. Mountain Foothills: Calgary to Moose Information: Mountain, a Helicopter Supported Field Trip. There is no charge. Non-members of the Instructor(s): Andrew C. Newson, B.Sc., P.Geol. CSPG are also welcome. Please bring your and Deborah Sanderson, M.Sc., P.Geol. lunch. For details or to present a talk in the www.cspg.org future, please contact David Garner at 403- www.GEOconvention.org 234-5875, e-mail: DavidGarner@Chevron. com or Rob Chelak at 403-290-0551, email: [email protected].

22 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 IHS Enerdeq™ Desktop

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 25 NAD83

“You can rely on the NAD83 Consulting Services at IHS to manage your data conversion needs with expert ability from start to finish.”

Earl Amankwah NAD83 Conversion Services Manager, IHS

IHS, GDM and Veritas DGC Inc. are an established team of trusted, experienced and knowledgeable industry resources providing a NAD27 to NAD83 data conversion solution.

www.ihs.com/energy Call toll free 1 877 495 4473 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT and GIS NAD83 | by Ben McKenzie

This is the second of a series of articles discussing “You can rely on the oil and gas resource assessment and the use NAD83 Consulting Services at of GIS. IHS to manage your data Basics of Petroleum Geology The formation of hydrocarbons is a field conversion needs with expert of study unto itself and volumes have been written concerning it (e.g., Cluff and ability from start to finish.” Barrows 1982; Creaney, Allan et al. 1994). Generally, hydrocarbons are considered to be of organic origin, although there has long been support for an inorganic origin as well (Batchelor and Gutmanis 2002; Kenney, Kutcherov et al. 2002). The conversion of original material – be it organic or inorganic – occurs at the molecular level and as a result, hydrocarbons may exist in widely dispersed, extremely low concentrations. According to a generally accepted definition of resources, an accumulation of hydrocarbons in any amount constitutes part of the total resource. Earl Amankwah NAD83 Conversion Services At any given time, a finite volume of Manager, IHS hydrocarbons exists in the rocks of the Figure 1. Classification of resources (after Kent and Herrington, 1986, Figure 1, p. 145).

IHS, GDM and Veritas DGC Inc. are an established team of trusted, experienced and knowledgeable industry resources providing a NAD27 to NAD83 data conversion solution.

www.ihs.com/energy Call toll free 1 877 495 4473

Figure 2. Classification of wells and pools (after Office of Technology Assessment, 1983, Figure 6, p. 24). (Continued on page 29...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 27 ROCK SHOP

Strip Log Log Manager Horizontal Log Log Viewer Mud Log Log Analysis

200, 900—6th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 3K2 [email protected] 1-800-447-1534 (403) 237-9189

28 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 of thermally or biogenetically generated various categories of resources shown in Figure hydrocarbon gas, gas hydrates, condensates, 1. It classifies hydrocarbon accumulations crude oils, and / or natural bitumen. A based on degree of certainty and feasibility system includes, at a minimum, the source of economic recovery. For example, an rock, reservoir rock, and seal rock as accumulation may be well defined, but below well as the processes of hydrocarbon an economic threshold based on size or generation, migration, and accumulation. ease of recovery so that it does not qualify Both discovered and undiscovered (but as a recoverable resource. Alternatively, an predicted) accumulations are part of the (undiscovered) accumulation could have a high assessment in the total petroleum system degree of uncertainty but be of a size that (U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and would guarantee its development if and when Gas Resource Assessment Team 1995; it is discovered. Magoon and Beaumont 1999). Figure 4 illustrates in an idealized manner The system and processes mentioned the development of a petroleum system above have to work together in order through time as it proceeds from a frontier for a petroleum accumulation to occur. status (undrilled) to well explored (intensely Thus, petroleum systems are constrained drilled). The percentage of undrilled by time and space. This means that each prospects decreases with drilling, while the petroleum system can be defined spatially percentage of discovered fields increases. At by its geographic and stratigraphic extent some point in time, all the prospects will be Figure 3. Modified McKelvey Box illustrating resource by evaluating three independent variables drilled and, as a result, all the fields will have categories (after Office of Technology Assessment, – petroleum charge, trap formation, and been discovered. 1983, Figure 8, p. 30). The various resource categories compose a continuous spectrum from timing. Petroleum charge is the volume speculative, undiscovered, non-economic to proven, and characteristics of the hydrocarbons Of the total resources in a petroleum discovered, economic. The division is highly dependent produced by the source rock. Trap formation system, those accumulations that are best on economics and technology at any given time. refers to the stratigraphic and structural defined and most economic are termed (...Continued from page 27) events acting on the reservoir and seal reserves. Typically, in a newly developing earth’s crust. This finite volume is the total rocks. Timing requires simply that the trap area, larger accumulations are drilled first in resource. A major part of this resource be in place prior to hydrocarbons passing order to recoup as quickly as possible some is dispersed in such minute accumulations through the reservoir rock. of the sunk costs of exploration. These or under such conditions that it cannot “finding” costs are relatively high compared be extracted with existing or foreseeable By definition, all accumulations are part of to the costs incurred during development. technology in an economic manner. In other the total resource. For practical purposes, This relationship is illustrated in Figure 4 words, the cost of extracting it would however, there is always some economic limit in that, as exploration proceeds, much of outweigh the benefits of the energy it could below which the resources are not accessible. the recoverable resources are discovered provide (Kent and Herrington 1986). It should be noted that this economic limit is relatively early on. As time proceeds, the not static and can change rapidly depending incremental additions to the total reserves That part of the resource that may be on politics and technology. Figure 3 illustrates become smaller. discovered and produced using current the relationship between economics and the (Continued on page 31...) or foreseeable technology and under the condition that the price-to-cost ratio is favorable is referred to as the ultimately recoverable resource (and also as the estimated ultimate recovery or as the ultimate potential). The ultimately recoverable resource is composed of both the discovered and undiscovered natural resources (Figure 1). Discovered resources include that amount of oil and gas already produced as well as that which is expected to be produced from complete development of known pools and reservoirs. Undiscovered resources are those remaining in undiscovered pools and reservoirs within known fields and those that may be discovered in new fields and reservoirs (Figure 2).

All assessments are dependent on the definition of the population being assessed. For the purposes of this discussion, the concept of a total petroleum system is used. In this context, petroleum is defined as a compound that contains high concentrations Figure 4. Exploration results versus time (after Magoon and Beaumont, 1999, Figure 3-20, p. 3-30).

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 29 & 3 * WK 2  $118$/ &$1$',$1 3(752/(80 *(2/2*,676 23(1 (OERZ 6SULQJV *ROI &OXE ‡ -XQH  

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3ODWLQXP6SRQVRUV NAME: AGAT Laboratories P2 Energy Solutions Baker Atlas Wireline Pajak Engineering Ltd. SPOUSE’S NAME: Belloy Petroleum Consulting Pason Systems Corp. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Polaris Explorer ltd. COMPANY: Devon Canada Corporation Recall Canaccord Enermarket Ltd. RECON Petrotechnologies Ltd. ADDRESS (Bus.): geoLOGIC systems ltd. Schlumberger GeoStrata Resources Inc. Sproule POSTAL CODE: GLJ Petroleum Consultants Tristone Capital Advisors IHS Tucker Wireline Services Canada Ltd. TELEPHONE: CELL PHONE: Innova Exploration Ltd. Weatherford Canada Patnership M J Systems West Canadian E-Mail: MD Totco Nov. Wellsite Gas Watch Wildcat Scouting Services (1991) Ltd. SHIRT SIZE: ‰ S ‰ M ‰ L ‰ XL ‰ XXL *ROG6SRQVRUV Aguila Exploration Consultants Ltd. Ireland’s Field Scouting Services All contestants are required to have a photo (any will do) in the Golfer’s Photo AON Reed Stenhouse Jimel Oilfi eld Scouting Services Ltd. Roster. New applicants or former contestants who do not meet this request are Beaver Drilling Ltd. Paradigm Geophysical Canada Ltd considered to have submitted an incomplete entry. Former contestants who have Burlington Resources Canada Energy Paramount Resources Ltd. submitted a photo in the past need not do so again. Ltd. Petrocraft Products Ltd. Handicap / Golf Index ______or Canadian Discovery Ltd. Pro Geo Consultants Average of best three 18-hole scores in past 2 years:______Continental Laboratories Ltd. Regent Resources Ltd. If Index is less than 9.0, please provide your Club and Membership Number Datamaxx Oilfi eld Corp. RGS Consultants Ltd. ______Divestco Inc. Rigsat Communications Fekete Associates Inc. Ryan Energy Technologies Entry Fee: Includes three rounds of golf with power cart; Paid driving range; Fugro Airborne Surveys Scope Wellsite Security Ltd. Genesis Executive Corporation Solid State Geophysical Door prize draws; Skill prizes; BBQ (at Elbow Springs) and Awards Banquet Global Energy Services Tectonic Energy Consulting Inc. (Calgary Winter Club) both for you and your guest. Greystone Resources Ltd. Total E&P Canada Ltd. Grizzly Resources Ltd. TOTAL Gas Detection Cost: $375.00 Tournament Fee Halliburton Geographix Varidata Surveys *The course requires all golfers in a tournament of this size to use a power cart. IEXCO Canada Inc. The $18.00/day per golfer cart fee is included in the cost. GST: 828579367RT0001 6LOYHU6SRQVRUV To assist the Entertainment Committee with budgeting, please indicate if you Arcis Petro Tech Printing Core Laboratories Canada Ltd. Polaris Resources Ltd. plan to attend the two major social events of the tournament: Fairsky Resources Ltd. Quality Trophies and Engraving Ltd. Wednesday Barbecue: Self: Yes ‰ No ‰ Guest: Yes ‰ No ‰ Focus Energy Trust R E Newman Exploration Consultants Friday Awards Banquet: Self: Yes ‰ No ‰ Guest: Yes ‰ No ‰ Gabel Energy Inc. Ltd. Gullywumper Resources Ltd. Rana Resources Ltd. Make Cheques Payable To: Canadian Petroleum Geologists Open Hycal Energy Research Scotia Waterous Hydro-Fax Resources Ltd. Spirit Energy Inc. Send Entries To: Canadian Petroleum Geologists Open or CPGO Meloche Monnex SunOcean Energy Ltd. c/o Grizzly Resources Ltd MI Casa Rentals Inc. Townsend Field Scouting Services Ltd. 1000, 324 - 8th Avenue S.W. Natural Rocknobs Trivision Geosystems Calgary, AB, T2P 2Z2 Nordin Resource Consultants Wild Rose Geological Services Oleum Exploration Ltd. Attention: Craig Boland

%URQ]H6SRQVRUV For more information call Craig Boland: 218-3221 E-mail: [email protected] Bow Valley Energy Ltd. Len. T. Wong & Associates Canadian Stratigraphic Services Ltd. San Dago Resources Ltd. Crow River Resources Seismic Brokerage Services Ltd Entries must be received on or before MAY 4, 2007 Heather Oil Ltd. Sensor Geophysical * Please photocopy your entry form and cheque before mailing. No receipts issued.

The course requires 176 confi rmed players 1 month before the Tournament date in order to book all 27 holes. Get your registration in early to confi rm your spot and help the Golf Organizing Committee. This event has over twenty fl ights catering to all levels of player from Beginner to the Scratch player. New Golfers are welcome, with all new entries ranked chronologically. & 3 * WK 2  $118$/ &$1$',$1 3(752/(80 *(2/2*,676 23(1 (OERZ 6SULQJV *ROI &OXE ‡ -XQH  

The Golf Committee would like to thank the following sponsors: 5HJLVWUDWLRQ)RUP Figure 5. Relationship between sedimentary processes and facies (after Selley 1970, Table 1.1, p. 2). 3ODWLQXP6SRQVRUV NAME: AGAT Laboratories P2 Energy Solutions Baker Atlas Wireline Pajak Engineering Ltd. SPOUSE’S NAME: Belloy Petroleum Consulting Pason Systems Corp. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Polaris Explorer ltd. COMPANY: Devon Canada Corporation Recall Canaccord Enermarket Ltd. RECON Petrotechnologies Ltd. ADDRESS (Bus.): geoLOGIC systems ltd. Schlumberger GeoStrata Resources Inc. Sproule POSTAL CODE: GLJ Petroleum Consultants Tristone Capital Advisors IHS Tucker Wireline Services Canada Ltd. TELEPHONE: CELL PHONE: Innova Exploration Ltd. Weatherford Canada Patnership M J Systems West Canadian E-Mail: MD Totco Nov. Wellsite Gas Watch Wildcat Scouting Services (1991) Ltd. SHIRT SIZE: ‰ S ‰ M ‰ L ‰ XL ‰ XXL *ROG6SRQVRUV Aguila Exploration Consultants Ltd. Ireland’s Field Scouting Services All contestants are required to have a photo (any will do) in the Golfer’s Photo AON Reed Stenhouse Jimel Oilfi eld Scouting Services Ltd. Roster. New applicants or former contestants who do not meet this request are Beaver Drilling Ltd. Paradigm Geophysical Canada Ltd considered to have submitted an incomplete entry. Former contestants who have Burlington Resources Canada Energy Paramount Resources Ltd. submitted a photo in the past need not do so again. Ltd. Petrocraft Products Ltd. Handicap / Golf Index ______or Figure 6: Distribution of sedimentary depositional environments (after Reeckmann 1982, Figure 1-1, p. 2). Canadian Discovery Ltd. Pro Geo Consultants Average of best three 18-hole scores in past 2 years:______Continental Laboratories Ltd. Regent Resources Ltd. If Index is less than 9.0, please provide your Club and Membership Number (...Continued from page 29) Datamaxx Oilfi eld Corp. RGS Consultants Ltd. ______Divestco Inc. Rigsat Communications Most hydrocarbon accumulations occur in sedimentary rocks. This is because Fekete Associates Inc. Ryan Energy Technologies Entry Fee: Includes three rounds of golf with power cart; Paid driving range; Fugro Airborne Surveys Scope Wellsite Security Ltd. the processes that lead to sedimentary Door prize draws; Skill prizes; BBQ (at Elbow Springs) and Awards Banquet Genesis Executive Corporation Solid State Geophysical deposition can result in voids within the Beaverhill Lake Sand Oil Play (Calgary Winter Club) both for you and your guest. Global Energy Services Tectonic Energy Consulting Inc. rock (porosity), which can be filled with Peace River Arch - Northwestern Alberta Greystone Resources Ltd. Total E&P Canada Ltd. hydrocarbons. As a result, understanding Grizzly Resources Ltd. TOTAL Gas Detection Cost: $375.00 Tournament Fee Halliburton Geographix Varidata Surveys *The course requires all golfers in a tournament of this size to use a power cart. the depositional environments in which A Significant Under-Explored Light Oil Play IEXCO Canada Inc. The $18.00/day per golfer cart fee is included in the cost. the rocks formed is important in order to GST: 828579367RT0001 predict where rocks with sufficient organic 6LOYHU6SRQVRUV matter content to be able to generate Townships 69-83, Ranges 15W5M-5W6M To assist the Entertainment Committee with budgeting, please indicate if you Arcis Petro Tech Printing hydrocarbons (i.e., source rock) occur, their Core Laboratories Canada Ltd. Polaris Resources Ltd. plan to attend the two major social events of the tournament: relationship to rocks with suitable porosity to Fairsky Resources Ltd. Quality Trophies and Engraving Ltd. Wednesday Barbecue: Self: Yes ‰ No ‰ Guest: Yes ‰ No ‰ store the hydrocarbons, as well as sufficient ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ Focus Energy Trust R E Newman Exploration Consultants Friday Awards Banquet: Self: Yes No Guest: Yes No permeability to allow the hydrocarbons to Geology Sedimentology Geophysics Gabel Energy Inc. Ltd. be recovered (i.e., reservoir rock), and the Gullywumper Resources Ltd. Rana Resources Ltd. Make Cheques Payable To: Canadian Petroleum Geologists Open Hycal Energy Research Scotia Waterous relationship of the reservoir to rocks with Hydro-Fax Resources Ltd. Spirit Energy Inc. Send Entries To: Canadian Petroleum Geologists Open or CPGO low porosity and/or permeability which Meloche Monnex SunOcean Energy Ltd. c/o Grizzly Resources Ltd prevents the hydrocarbons from escaping MI Casa Rentals Inc. Townsend Field Scouting Services Ltd. 1000, 324 - 8th Avenue S.W. from the reservoir (i.e., seal rock). Natural Rocknobs Trivision Geosystems Calgary, AB, T2P 2Z2 Nordin Resource Consultants Wild Rose Geological Services Oleum Exploration Ltd. Attention: Craig Boland Sedimentary rocks form through three principal processes (Figure 5), which Canadian Discovery & partners are pleased to announce the April 2007 %URQ]H6SRQVRUV For more information call Craig Boland: 218-3221 produce distinct rock units based on E-mail: [email protected] release of this truly integrated study. Bow Valley Energy Ltd. Len. T. Wong & Associates attributes associated with particular Canadian Stratigraphic Services Ltd. San Dago Resources Ltd. depositional environments (Figure Entries must be received on or before MAY 4, 2007 Crow River Resources Seismic Brokerage Services Ltd 6). Depositional environments are Heather Oil Ltd. Sensor Geophysical * Please photocopy your entry form and cheque before mailing. No receipts issued. geographical entities, which have horizontal $BOBEJBO and vertical expression and may form %JTDPWFSZ-UE The course requires 176 confi rmed players 1 month before the Tournament date in order to book all 27 holes. Get your registration in potential hydrocarbon accumulation sites For more information contact Cheryl Wright early to confi rm your spot and help the Golf Organizing Committee. This event has over twenty fl ights catering to all levels of player from given the right combination of location 403.269.3644, [email protected] www.canadiandiscovery.com Beginner to the Scratch player. New Golfers are welcome, with all new entries ranked chronologically. (Continued on page 32...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 31 (...Continued from page 31) discoveries), frontier (a few discoveries), accumulations and identify the potentially and timing. Through time, the depositional or hypothetical (no discoveries) (Klett, recoverable resources. This includes such environments evolve as a result of natural Charpentier et al. 2000; Magoon and things as using the geological and geophysical processes such as shoreline movement Schmoker 2000; Henry and Finn 2003). control to map the: 1) extent of the effective caused by changes in sea level, deltaic hydrocarbon source rock, along with the subsidence due to compaction, shoaling In addition to the discovered pools, the known hydrocarbon production and shows related to currents, etc. As the environment total petroleum system and its subordinate that are attributed to that source; 2) known changes, so does the type and location of assessment units, includes all the or expected migration pathways; and 3) potential reservoirs (Advanced Resources undiscovered pools. The number and size reservoir and seal rocks. As well, tests International Inc. 2001). of the undiscovered pools can be estimated from various stratigraphic horizons must by a variety of methods. However, they be evaluated and the reservoir parameters Total Petroleum System are generally dependent on the geologic of stratigraphic intervals that are, or have The total petroleum system (TPS) elements and fundamental processes of been, producing need to be quantified (Carr encompasses the source, reservoir, and generation, migration, entrapment, and 1978; Henry and Finn 2003). The information seal rocks, as well as the processes of preservation within the TPS. Distributions derived from this evaluation is used for two trap formation and hydrocarbon generation, of both the number and size of undiscovered main purposes – one is to determine whether migration, and accumulation. A total pools change through time as exploration a particular prospect merits testing with an petroleum system can be subdivided into proceeds. The largest pools are generally exploratory well and the other is whether assessment units (generally known as plays), found early in the exploration cycle and, the resources discovered or anticipated which are defined as accumulations that are unless a new exploration concept is merit the effort required for development, sufficiently homogeneous in terms of geology, developed or there is a significant change in production, transportation, and distribution exploration strategy, and risk characteristics technology or economics, discovered pool to market (White 1986). so as to constitute a single population sizes tend to decrease through time. This suitable for statistical analysis. Apparent pool is an important concept in hydrocarbon There are two major categories of heterogeneity within an assessment unit may exploration – i.e., the discovery sequence hydrocarbon accumulations based on geology result where parts of the unit are relatively is non-random – and it affects the statistical – conventional and continuous (Schmoker less explored. There may also be political or analysis of the resource assessment 2002; Cook 2003; Klett and Charpentier 2003; physical reasons (e.g., extreme water depth) process. Schmoker and Klett 2003). Conventional for apparent heterogeneity or it might be a accumulations are discrete fields or pools result of incomplete databases. Assessment In exploration, a variety of data must be associated with structural or stratigraphic units can be classified as established (many evaluated in order to locate the hydrocarbon traps and are commonly bounded by a down-

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32 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 dip water contact, reflecting the relative – EMCEE (for Energy Monte Carlo) and References: buoyancy of oil or natural gas in water. Emc2 (for Energy Monte Carlo program 2). Advanced Resources International Inc. (2001). Unconventional (continuous) accumulations EMCEE and Emc2 forecast undiscovered Federal Lands Analysis Natural Gas Assessment are areally extensive reservoirs with resources by simulating the sizes and numbers Southern Wyoming and Northwestern Colorado. indistinct boundaries that are not necessarily of undiscovered fields. The user provides Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, related to structural or stratigraphic traps. distributions for several variables, such Office of Fossil Energy: 94 p. Typically, continuous accumulations lack a as ratios of gas to oil and liquids to gas; well-defined hydrocarbon / water contact, probabilities for types of fluids and rocks and Batchelor, T. and J. Gutmanis (2002). Hydrocarbon are closely associated with source rocks, and for timing; and minimum pool size, and the Production from Fractured Basement formations, – although having potentially large volumes of program samples from these distributions to GeoScience Limited: 32 p. hydrocarbons in place – have low recovery calculate a forecast of undiscovered resources Carr, W. G. (1978). Section potential maps; an rates. Also, because of the generally poorer (Charpentier and Klett 2000). exploration tool. Seminar on applied exploration reservoir quality, which affects relative mapping methods. P. J. Lee and S. Carroll. Calgary, permeabilities, the recoverable resources Continuous accumulations, because of their AB, Canada, Canadian Society of Petroleum are more likely to be gas rather than oil since immense size, indistinct boundaries, and Geologists. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology gas can be produced at lower permeabilities large volumes of hard-to-recover, in-place 29: pp. 241-249. than can oil. hydrocarbons, cannot be assessed by the same methods. Instead, the region is best Charpentier, R. R. and T. R. Klett (2000). Monte The term “unconventional” has been used to regarded as a collection of gas-charged cells. Carlo Simulation Method. U.S. Geological Survey characterize accumulations marked by low Each cell is capable of producing at least some World Petroleum Assessment 2000. USGS World permeability, difficulty of access (e.g., deep gas, but the production characteristics of the Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. water), special regulatory status, or the need cells can vary significantly (Curtis, Kumar et Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60: 15 p. for unusual (at the time) engineering techniques. al. 2001; Schmoker 2002). All these criteria are subject to change as the Although conventional and continuous Cluff, R. M. and M. H. Barrows, Eds. (1982). petroleum industry evolves. In an effort to accumulations are significantly different, many Hydrocarbon generation and source rock evaluation develop a less arbitrary and more geologically of the questions asked during an assessment : origin of petroleum III : selected papers reprinted based differentiation between conventional and are the same for both categories: from the AAPG Bulletin. Tulsa, Oklahoma, American unconventional systems, the term “continuous Association of Petroleum Geologists. accumulations” was introduced by the USGS in • What uncertainty exists for the factors that their 1995 assessment (U.S. Geological Survey define the assessment unit? Cook, T. (2003). “Calculation of Estimated Ultimate National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment • What is the drilling history? Recovery for wells in continuous-type oil and gas accumulations of the Uinta-Piceance Province.” Team 1995). • What factors influenced the drilling history, International Journal of Coal Geology 56: 39-44. e.g., geologic, lease availability, economics, Conventional accumulations, because their etc.? Creaney, S., J. Allan, et al. (1994). Petroleum defining parameters (e.g., area, thickness, • Has a particular stratigraphic interval been generation and migration in the Western Canada porosity, etc.) can be relatively well quantified, drilled and evaluated in the areas where it sedimentary basin. Geological Atlas of the Western have been the easiest to assess statistically. potentially could contain hydrocarbons? Canada Sedimentary Basin. G. D. Mossop and The resources contained in them can be easily • What constitutes a successful test or I. Shetsen. Calgary, Alberta, Canadian Society of calculated by a variety of methods. The USGS completion? Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Research Council: currently uses two Monte Carlo simulation p. 455-468. programs for assessing conventional resources To be continued… (Continued on page 34...)

A Message from the Editors | by Ben McKenzie

Hopefully, everyone will have noticed the a platform for discussion and updates of While we can’t assist with the lack of time Reservoir’s new look this year by now. current research, ideas, and events. Given people may have, perhaps this small token What might not be as obvious is the ongoing the thousands of students and current of our appreciation of the effort required struggle to find technical content that is of employees in the industry, as well as the will help take the sting out of putting pen interest to the membership. ever-increasing numbers of retirees, lack to paper (or more appropriately, finger to of interesting topics should not be an issue. keyboard). I urge everyone with research Admittedly, even a short article can require All that is needed are those discussions and they want to publicize, a theory they want a significant amount of time to research and updates. to plug, or a project that is near and dear to write. However, it should be noted that their hearts to write it up and send it in. the Reservoir is not intended to compete In an experiment to increase submissions with the more rigorous, peer-reviewed to the Reservoir, we are initiating payment For those of you that might be interested technical publications. Besides being a main of an honorarium for technical articles. The in submitting an article, please see the note source for information on the Society’s Reservoir will offer a payment of $200 (feel to EDITORS/AUTHORS for guidelines or news and events, the Reservoir attempts free to donate it back to your favourite contact either Jaimè Croft Larsen or Ben to promote the petroleum industry – and Society committee) for any accepted McKenzie (information on page 3). the geosciences in general – by providing technical article (minimum 1,500 words).

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 33 (...Continued from page 33) Kenney, J. F., V. A. Kutcherov, et al. (2002). Klett, T. R., R. R. Charpentier, et al. (2000). Curtis, J., N. Kumar, et al. (2001). American “The evolution of multicomponent systems at Assessment Operational Procedures. U.S. Geological Association of Petroleum Geologists Committee high pressures: VI. The thermodynamic stability Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000. U. W. on Resource Evaluation (CORE) Subcommittee of the hydrogen–carbon system: The genesis E. A. Team, U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological to Review the United States Onshore Continuous of hydrocarbons and the origin of petroleum.” Survey Digital Data Series 60: 25 p. (Unconventional Gas Assessment Methodology Used Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by the USGS, American Association of Petroleum 99(17): p. 10976-10981. Klett, T. R. and R. R. Charpentier (2003). FORSPAN Geologists: 20 p. Model Users Guide, U.S. Geological Survey: 37 p. Kent, H. C. and J. C. Herrington (1986). Estimation of Henry, M. E. and T. M. Finn (2003). “Evaluation of Potential Gas Resources - Methodology of the Potential Magoon, L. B. and E. A. Beaumont (1999). Petroleum undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Gas Committee. Oil and Gas Assessments - Methods Systems. in Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps. E. Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum and Applications. D. D. Rice. Tulsa, Oklahoma, A. Beaumont and N. H. Foster, (eds). Treatise System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah.” American Association of Petroleum Geologists. AAPG of Petroleum Geology, Handbook of Petroleum International Journal of Coal Geology 56: 3-37. Studies in Geology #21: pp. 143-149. Geology: chapter 3, 34 p.

Magoon, L. B. and J. W. Schmoker (2000). The Total Petroleum System - The Natural Fluid Network That Constrains The Assessment Unit. U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000. USGS World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60: 30 p.

McKenzie, B. J. (2006). Enhancing Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Through the Use of Geographic Information Systems. Department of Geography. Calgary, University of Calgary: 208 p.

Reeckmann, A., Friedman, Gerald M., (1982). Exploration for Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs. New York, John Wiley & Sons 213 p.

Schmoker, J. W. (2002). “Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems.” AAPG Bulletin 86(11): 1993-1999.

Schmoker, J. W. and T. R. Klett (2003). U.S. Geological Survey Assessment Concepts for Conventional Petroleum Accumulations. Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Uinta-Piceance Province, Utah and Colorado. U. S. Geological Survey Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team. Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey. Chapter 19: 9 p.

Selley, R. C. (1970). Ancient Sedimentary Environments. Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 237 p.

U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team (1995). 1995 National assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources--Results, methodology, and supporting data. Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey: one CD ROM.

U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team (1995). 1995 National assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources. Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey: 20 p.

White, L. P. (1986). A Play Approach to Hydrocarbon Resource Assessment and Evaluation. Oil and Gas Assessments - Methods and Applications. D. D. Rice. Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. AAPG Studies in Geology #21: pp. 125-132.

34 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 More science than you can shake a pick at.

Geological Tour Through Alaska: Folding, Thrusting and Syntectonic A Trans-Alaskan Transect – Gulf of Alaska to Sedimentation: Perspectives from Classic Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic Ocean Localities of the Central Pyrenees June 2-11, 2007 June 11-15, 2007 This AAPG Field Trip is a scenic and geologically fascinat- Exploration and development geologists and geophysicists ing South to North transect of Alaska across three mountain interested in thrust-fold structures and tectonics-sedimenta- ranges to the Arctic Ocean and the Prudhoe Bay oil field – tion interactions in compressional belts will benefit from this the largest oil field in North America. This trip will appeal to AAPG Short Course. geologists and nature-lovers alike, as you will see parts of three Begins and ends in Barcelona, Spain national parks, active glaciers, wildlife, wilderness, the Prud- hoe Bay field, and end with an aerial crossing of the Brooks $1,750 USD (increases to $1,850 after 4/30/07), includes Range by light two-engine aircraft. guidebook and course materials, internal and roundtrip trans- portation from Barcelona, lodging, and all meals. Begins in Anchorage and ends in Fairbanks, Alaska $3,295 per person (increases to $3,395 after 4/20/06). Includes lodging (double occupancy), six lunches, bus trans- Sequence Stratigraphy and portation throughout trip, park entry fees, two cruises, Prud- Reservoir Distribution in a Modern Carbonate hoe Bay field tour, flight from Deadhorse to Fairbanks, and Platform, Bahamas Dalton Highway guidebook June 11-16, 2007 This AAPG Short Course is beneficial to petroleum geologists, Interpretation of Old DST’s to Find geophysicists and reservoir engineers who are working in Additional Oil & Gas Potential carbonates and need to understand facies heterogeneities and porosity distribution on exploration and production scales. June 4-8, 2007 Begins and ends in Miami, Florida. Four days are Geologists, engineers & technicians who encounter or utilize spent on a chartered boat in the Bahamas. DST results and reports in their exploration & production decisions will benefit from this AAPG Short Course. As will $3,600 (increases to $3,700 after 5/14/07), includes flights to any professional who needs to make more sense of the numer- and from the Bahamas to Miami, boat, accommodation in the ous old DSTs which are present in so many wells. Particularly Bahamas and all meals appropriate for those prospecting for bypassed pay using logs and geology, who may wish to verify their conclusions from the DST or for regional geologists using show maps of DST results. Ancient Clastics: Also for those evaluating farmins or their own acreage where Book Cliffs and Canyonlands, Utah old wells with DSTs exist. June 11-19, 2007 $1,195, AAPG members; $1,295, non-members (increases to For exploration and production geologists, geophysicists, log $1295/1395 after 5/7/07), includes course notes and refresh- analysts, engineers, and exploration and development manag- ments ers who want a thorough working knowledge of clastic deposi- tional systems directly associated with energy resources. Predicting Clastic Reservoirs Using Begins and ends in Moab, Utah Applied Sequence Stratigraphy: $2,100 (increases to $2,200 after 5/14/07), includes 4-wheel- Understanding the Fundamental Drivers drive transportation and course notes on CD of Basin Fill Architecture

June 9-16, 2007 CEU’s awarded for each successfully completed AAPG short course or Geologists and Geophysicists of all experience levels. field seminar. Space is limited and pricing is subject to change. Begins and ends in Salt Lake City, Utah $2,000 (increases to $2,100 after 5/11/07), includes ground transportation, guidebooks, some meals

For further information, please contact the AAPG Education Department Phone: (918) 560-2650; Fax (918) 560-2678; email: [email protected] or visit http://www.aagp.org/education/ Looking for a Geoscience Summer Consider hiring one Student? from the CSPG Student Industry Field Trip. SIFT introduces bright young geoscience students from 31 Canadian universities to a unique immersion into the petroleum industry in Calgary. Students are available from mid-May to late August. If you are interested in hiring a student, or if you would like more information please contact: CSPG Trust* Roger Baker Geoscientists for our future Neo Exploration Inc. Telephone: (403) 264-3730 Email: [email protected]

We would like to thank the following companies for hiring a SIFT student in 2006:

*CSPG Trust is a trade-mark of the CSPG Educational Trust Fund, all rights reserved.

36 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 Ram River, Cambrian and Other Paleozoic Discoveries Alberta T38, R13W5 | by Canadian Discovery Ltd.

Operator Talisman Energy of Note:

Cambrian Gas from Alberta Play: Foothills

Test of Talisman’s recently announced Note: Cambrian gas discovery at NFW 12-20-38-13W5 is an Alberta first. These strata and overlying Devonian and pos- sibly Mississippian carbonates in that well have flowed at a combined rate of 17 mmcf/d. At least three follow-up wells have been successful, flowing gas from several zones.

This article is reprinted with permission from Canadian Discovery’s CEO map series (2ndQ 2006).

Significant Discovery On November 9, 100% operator Talisman Energy announced a significant multi-zone gas discovery at 12-20-38-13W5, which was rig released on March 15, 2005, in a virtually undrilled area of the northern Foothills of Alberta called Ram River (Figure 1). The company reported testing gas from three zones in that well at a combined rate of 17 mmcf.

The 12-20 discovery perforation-tested several horizons (Mississippian Pekisko, Devonian Wabamun and Cooking Lake/ Leduc, and Cambrian strata) in what appears to be a single thrust sheet. From analysis of available completion information, the Pekisko and parts of Figure 1. Activity Map. the Cooking Lake/Leduc are recorded as having been perforated and then cemented off. The Wabamun and other parts of the Cooking Lake/Leduc, as well as the Cambrian, were perforated, acidized, and have not been cement squeezed. These strata are believed to be discoveries. The Cambrian discovery has been made in the porous dolomitized Middle (?) to Upper Cambrian Waterfowl Formation (Figure 2), at a relatively shallow depth of less than 2,000m. Other than opening up a (Continued on page 38...) Figure 2. Cambrian Stratigraphy.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 37 (...Continued from page 37) new play area, the significance of the 12-20 discovery is that one of the successfully tested reservoirs is Cambrian in age, the first such discovery in Alberta (some minor Upper Cambrian gas had been tested in 1953 by Richland at NFW 2/8- 2-37-11W5, on land presently leased by Shell Canada [75%] and Mancal Energy [25%]). The Cambrian reservoir is very likely enhanced by natural fracturing.

Since the 12-20 NFW discovery, seven exploratory wells (six Outposts and one NFW) were licensed between December 2005 and October 2006 at Ram River to depths ranging from 2,230m to 2,700m. Three of these exploration locations are Wabamun tests while the rest are Cambrian tests. As of November 24 2006, five of these wells have been drilled. Only one is dry (NFW 5-30-38- Figure 3. Ram River Falls, T38, R12W5. 13W5, RR July 29) while the remaining four are standing (Outposts 3-19, 10-19, and 2-29-38-13W5, and 2-36-38-14W5). These successful follow-up wells have potential in one or more zones. The November 9th press release mentions three successful wells (in addition to the 12-20 discovery), which together tested at more than 20 mmcf/d gross raw gas. The company gives an early estimate of 200 and 300 bcf of contingent and prospective natural gas under its Ram acreage. Talisman is planning to drill eight more wells in 2007. The company is expecting to spend $100 million on that drilling, and on infrastructure and equipment needed to get the gas to market. First production from Ram is expected in 3Q 2007 at potential exit rates of 30-50 mmcf/d.

The Ram River (also called Ram) area is typical of the Outer Foothills challenging terrain that operators must face (Figure 3).

Talisman Energy Talisman Energy is an independent upstream oil and gas company formed in 1992, with 42% of its 2006 production coming from the company’s North American core area. Three-quarters of that production is natural gas, with the vast majority of that gas coming from Canada. Talisman is focused on the larger opportunities, such as deep gas deposits in Western Canada for which the company is the leading explorer. So it is not surprising that the company would be seeking and finding new high impact play areas, such as the significant Ram River discovery announced on November 9, 2006. Figure 4. Regional Tectonic Assemblage Map.

38 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 Patient Land Acquisition Talisman is Western Canada’s dominant thrust and fold belt (Foothills) player, from Monkman (Sukunka-Bullmoose) in northeastern British Columbia to the southern Alberta Foothills. The company reported that it has built a substantial land position in the Outer Foothills Ram River play region of west central Alberta (Figure 4), stating that it has over 19,426 ha or 76 sections of 100% working interest there. Canadian Discovery has calculated, from available public information, that Talisman has interests (likely 100%) in about 104 sections of land between T36 and 39, R12 to 15W5. All of these sections have rights that include P&NG in the Cambrian, and over 80% have all P&NG from surface to basement, allowing for much up-section potential in a region that is almost undrilled. Only three of these sections were bought by Talisman under its own name. That parcel is a three-section, five-year license (T38, R13-14W5) that was obtained, all P&NG, in June 2003 for $358/ha (Figure 1). The rest of Talisman’s extensive land holdings were acquired patiently, in groupings of one to IMPROVE YOUR STRATEGY eight sections, through several land agents. FOR PINPOINTING NEW TARGETS That acquisition started in September 2001 with the purchase of two four-section licenses in T39, R15W5, with subsequent deep rights purchases in 2003 (eight parcels including the one aforementioned parcel by Talisman), 2004 (eight parcels), 2005 (two parcels), and especially 2006 at the January 25 sale. At that sale, 13 parcels totaling As leaders in geophysical interpretation for 34 sections ranging from $26/ha to a high of $1,848/ha (for a three-section license over 25 years, Boyd PetroSearch helps you offsetting the 12-20 discovery and on which Talisman licensed a Cambrian Outpost on make decisions with far greater accuracy October 11, 2006, at 13-28-38-13W5) were and confidence than ever before. bought through agents for Talisman.

Other deep operators in the Ram River area include Shell Canada, Northrock Find out how we can improve your ability Resources, and a partnership of Esprit to drill on target by revealing complex Exploration and Alberta Clipper Energy Cretaceous Channel (Figure 1). interrelated geological features and reservoir patterns with unprecedented resolution For information on products offered by CDL, please visit www.canadiandiscovery.com or and detail. call 269-3644.

Come visit us at the CSPG/CSEG convention in May. Booth 928.

Please call: Kevin Bowman 403.543.5357 Boyd PetroSearch Larry Herd 403.543.5362 or visit www.boydpetro.com Boyd Exploration Consultants Ltd.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 39 2007 CONVENTION Special Events May 14 – 17, 2007 Calgary, Alberta, Canada

MONDAY MAY 14th Are you a previous winner of a Convention WEDNESDAY MAY 16th Award? Will you be a delegate at the 2007 BREAKFAST WITH EXHIBITORS Convention? Call the CSPG office today at CONVENTION BBQ LUNCH 8:00 am – 10:00 am 264-5610 and make sure you are registered 11:30 am – 1:00 am Exhibit Floor – Halls A & B to attend the Past Award Winners Reception Tents behind the EUB Core where honourees will have the chance Research Centre Get a chance to wander through the exhibits to meet and mingle with complimentary Sponsored by: Hycal Energy Research and enjoy a complimentary continental beverages and hors d’oeuvres before the Laboratories Ltd. breakfast and coffee. Beer & Bull begins! Take a break from the Core Conference to enjoy the excellent BBQ lunch provided by FLOWDOWN RECEPTION BEER & BULL Hycal Energy Research Laboratories. 4:00 pm – 7:00 pm 4:00 pm – 6:00 pm Exhibit Floor – Halls A & B Exhibit Floor Halls A & B STUDENT/INDUSTRY Join your colleagues for some great food RECEPTION and conversation while browsing the Enjoy the final hours of the Exhibition with 4:00 pm – 6:00 pm many exhibits at this year’s CSPG CSEG a drink and appetizers as you network with Location: TBA Conference colleagues. Meet the energetic minds of tomorrow, as TUESDAY MAY 15th graduates have the opportunity to meet LONG TIME MEMBERS industry representatives from the companies BREAKFAST WITH EXHIBITORS RECEPTION that will employ them. 8:00 am – 10:00 am 4:00 pm – 6:00 pm Exhibit Floor – Halls A & B Rotary House NEW THIS YEAR! Get a chance to wander through the exhibits Have you been a member of the CSPG 2007 CSEG CHALLENGE BOWL and enjoy a complimentary continental for 30+ years? If so, this event is for you! 4:00 pm – 6:00 pm breakfast and coffee. In appreciation for their long commitment Location: TBA to the Society, the CSPG will host the 7th Annual Long Time Members Reception, a Students - win an expenses-paid trip to San NEW THIS YEAR! complimentary cocktail party for our more Antonio next September! Teams of two will PAST AWARD WINNERS senior members. compete to answer a range of geophysical RECEPTION and geological questions, the winning team 3:30 pm – 4:30 pm will be sent to the SEG Annual Meeting to Exhibit Floor – Halls A participate in the 2nd Annual SEG Challenge

40 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 Bowl! For more information please contact Brian Russell: [email protected].

THURSDAY MAY 17th CONVENTION BBQ LUNCH 11:30 am – 1:00 am Tents behind the EUB Core Research Centre Sponsored by: Hycal Energy Research Laboratories Ltd.

Take a break from the Core Conference to enjoy the excellent BBQ lunch provided by Hycal Energy Research Laboratories. Greater CORE MELTDOWN 3:30 pm – 7:00 pm confidence. Tents behind the EUB Core Research Centre Sponsored by: IHS Better results. Celebrate another successful convention at the popular Core Meltdown event. Join the Faster. CSPG CSEG Organizing committee and all your fellow convention delegates for some food and beverages.

For more information please contact: Andrea Hood Special Events chair Petrel Geology Direct 444-1609 [email protected] Petrel* workflow tools provide a complete seismic-to-simulation toolkit— one solution uniting the subsurface domains of geophysics, geology, and reservoir engineering. Geologists can use new modeling capabilities to better predict facies distribu- tions, work with geophysicists to analyze structural uncertainties, and work with reservoir engineers to define a well placement strategy. “It is like having an extra geologist sitting there, it’s telling you things that you didn’t know, it’s testing your theories like you never saw before and helping you come up with new ideas.” David Hamilton, CEO, Subsurface Computer Modeling With Petrel software, all work processes lead to one shared earth model, resulting in faster, better decisions.

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 41 LONG-TIME MEMBERS Reception

TIME TO START THINKING ABOUT THE 7th ANNUAL LONG- TIME MEMBERS RECEPTION! TUESDAY, MAY 15/2007

Have you been a member of the CSPG for 30+ years (since at least 1977)? If so, keep an eye open for your invitation to the 6th Annual Long-Time Member’s Reception. The very popular event is a complimentary cocktail party organized exclusively for our more senior members, in appreciation of their long commitment to the Society. Attendance is by invitation only. Long-time members enjoying the 2005 Reception, held at the Rotary House at Stampede Park. This year the reception will take place on Tuesday, May 15 from 4:00 to 6:30 P.M.; and will be held, once again, at the lovely Rotary House on the Stampede Grounds. It will be held in conjunction with the CSPG Annual Convention, but you need not be registered for the Convention in order to attend the Long-Time Members Reception. Invitations will be sent out in mid to late April. If you are a long-time member (30+ years) in good-standing, and have not received an invitation by May 1, please call Pam Drover at the CSPG office (403) 513-1230. She can verify your start-date, and make sure your name is included on the invitation list. Included with the invitation will be a list of all other invitees – you can look for your friend’s names and help us make sure no one is omitted. It also makes a great “cheat sheet” for the reception when you run into all those old acquaintances! Ian Mcllreath presenting Gordon Williams with his Honourary Membership Certificate.

This event is highly anticipated, and every year more people attend. We have lots of tasty hors d’oeuvres, a couple of a complimentary drink tickets, a cash bar, and door prizes for the members (in attendance) with the earliest start-dates. Last year, about 170 people attended. We have a short, informal agenda, which includes presentation of the Honourary Awards. This year the recipients will be Mr. James MacDonald and Ms. Alice Payne.

Hope you can make it to this year’s Long- Time Members Reception! For more information regarding this event, please contact Regan Palsgrove at Talisman Energy; phone (Tues. to Thurs.) 237-1423 or e-mail [email protected].

Long-time Members Robert Mason and John Patton pose for the camera.

42 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 LET THE GAMES begin! | by David Caldwell, Squash Committee Co-chair

Just when you thought you had worked off A big thanks goes out to Tucker who once Several other notable sponsors were all of that holiday cheer, along came the 24th again stepped up as the 24th Annual CSPG Baker Hughes who sponsored the Teams Annual CSPG Squash Tournament at the Squash Tournament sponsor. Not only did Tournament, Belloy Petroleum Consulting, World Health Club in Edgemont. Despite they contribute large amounts of sponsorship Divestco, Oyo Geospace, and Weatherford. the abundance of food and fun there was dollars, Tucker also graciously hosted two Thanks to our newest sponsor, GeoTir, a great squash tournament that occurred practice nights for the many “squash keeners” who provided Taxi Vouchers to get people February 8 through 10th . Some people at the Bow Valley Club leading up to the home safely from the squash tourney. Apart might remember Pasta Night, the marathon tourney. The new tournament shirts were from the sponsors already mentioned, there Teams Tourney, and the Giant Squash Racquet also a big hit with the 125 participants. There were 20 Gold level sponsors and another match, but others will remember a fantastic are a few extras on back-order for some dozen Silver sponsors. Without our many banquet, great squash matches, and lots of people who were not able to make it out to sponsors that contribute each year, this sore muscles. There were fantastic Finals the Registration Night. Warren Dublonko at tournament would not be the huge success again this year. All of the playoff matches were Tucker is looking after those people. that it continues to be each and every year. intense. A few new twists were also added to With this kind of great support, we know the Teams Tourney to make it more fun. Trophies were not the only things being that we can make next year’s special 25th won this year. Everyone who played in the Anniversary CSPG Squash Tournament one Other highlights included the Men’s B, C, and tournament had their name automatically to remember forever. D Finals that included Squash Committee entered into a draw for a variety of door members Ryan Barnett, Chris May, Randy prizes generously provided by our sponsors. Lastly, let’s not forget the tireless efforts Smith, and Mark Dzikowski. Although only The prize line-up included top-of-the-line of our great committee members. two of four took home bragging rights, it was Black Knight squash racquets, Calgary Flames Without these guys volunteering countless good to show people that our large squash tickets, Kananaskis golf certificates, travel hours to put this tourney together and committee does more than just look pretty certificates, and other corporate donated help run it, this may not be the longest and put on a good tournament. Honorable prizes. For those of us who felt lucky, playing running squash tournament in Calgary. A mention should go to Morgan Bint in the cards were sold for $20 to be entered into the big thanks to committee members: Ryan Men’s B division. Morgan is typically one of the annual CSPG Trust fundraiser draw. When it Barnett, Travis Brookson, David Caldwell, most intense competitors. Although he lost was all done but the cryin’, John Cox took Warren Dublonko, Mark Dzikowski, Megan in the Men’s Consolation B Final while playing home the top prize of a weekend getaway for Huckvale, Kris Jewett, Kim Maclean, Chris with a torn muscle, he was still keen enough two to Panorama (thanks DC!). Other prizes May, Jessie Mitton, Al Rutherford, Randy to join into the Teams Tourney for an hour or included a camcorder, racquets, and satellite Smith, Colin Thiessen, and Jolene Wood. so just before his Finals match. radio for a year. TEAMS TOURNAMENT

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 43 2007 CSPG Winners Mens A: Dave Safton Mens A Runner-up: John Cox Mens A Cons: Brian Fyke Mens B: Domi Diaz Mens B Runner-up Ryan Barnett Mens B Cons: Ed Chow Mens C: Chris May Mens C Runner-up: Randy Smith Mens C Cons: Terry MacCallum Mens D: Mark Dzikowski Mens D Runner-up: Steve Glavac Mens D Cons: Mark Shaw Mens E: Tom Smith Mens E Runner-up: Leigh Muir Mens E Cons: Saied Poshtchaman Womens A: Solana Jear Womens A Runner-up: Alison Mcpherson Womens B: Christie Howe Womens B Runner-up: Tina Chow Womens C: Catherine Barrett Womens C Runner-up: Flo Renyolds Womens D: Sam Etherington Womens D Runner-up Rachael Newrick TEAMS AL RUTHERFORD ROBYN BENNER RICHARD GUNN JESSICA MAY DWAYNE SPARKS A Thank You The 24th Annual CSPG Squash Tournament raised $4000 from the ♠ generosity of participants for the CSPG Trust.

Playing cards were sold at $20 per card for a chance to win 5 prizes.

Thank you to everyone who took their chances in support of the

CSPG Trust.

* ♠ ♠
  A

*The CSPG Trust is a trade-mark of the *CSPG Educational Trust Fund.

44 RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 Tournament Sponsor

Premier Sponsors

Baker Atlas

Platinum Geological Rental Services Genesis Corporate Search Sponsors Hycal Energy Research Laboratories Hef Petrophysical Consulting Inc. Belloy Petroleum Consulting Ltd. Irelands Field Scouting Kelman Seismic Processing Divestco Inc. MD TOTCO NOV Meloche Monnex GeoTir Inc. NorthStar Drillstem Testers Sensor Geophysical Ltd. OYO Geo Space Canada, Inc Sproule Gold Sponsors Pajak Engineering Stoakes Consulting Group Ltd. Pason Energy Systems Aguila RigSat Communications Inc BEHR Energy Services Ltd. Prize Sponsors RPS Energy Canada Keitech Wellsite Black Knight TOTAL Gas Detection Canadian Discovery Ltd. Blue Castle Chinook Consulting Bodycote Norwest Datalog Technology Inc. Silver Sponsors AGAT Laboratories DeGolyer and MacNaughton Canada Carbon Copy Limited Continental Laboratories Ltd. EnCana Corporation Core Laboratories Canada Ltd. Galleon Energy Inc. fma insurance geoLOGIC systems ltd.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 4 • APRIL 2007 45 ANNOUNCEMENT: Canada-wide survey of Earth Scientists | by Dr. Andrew Miall

A survey by Dr. Andrew Miall, a geologist at of Canada; and in the fossil fuel industry scientists about the future direction the University of Toronto, and Dr. Charlene – including earth scientists working in major of earth sciences in general, and Miall, a social psychologist at McMaster corporations, small independent companies, resource industries in particular. University, is being undertaken to examine and consulting firms. Further, the researchers Canadian earth scientists’ perspectives on have interviewed a sizeable number of • Second, the survey explores their discipline, their profession, and the earth scientists working on resource-based professional earth scientists’ views role of earth science in addressing public research and on environmental research, on the relevance of their discipline for issues like climate change. The survey is including climate change science. Lasting public problems like climate change, intended for all members of the Geological from one to four hours, these interviews their familiarity with climate change Association of Canada and the Canadian have helped identify a number of issues which science, and their assessments of Society of Petroleum Geologists. The make up the survey and are summarized public understandings of climate research is being supported through grants below: change, media representations of from the Social Sciences and Humanities climate change, and social policy Research Council of Canada and the • First, the survey explores earth initiatives to address this issue. McMaster University Arts Research Board. scientists’ views on earth science as a discipline, whether it is in the It is important to also note that this research In order to develop the survey, the process of changing, and the impact has been given ethics approval under SSHRC researchers have carried out 64 in- this may or may not be having on the guidelines through the McMaster University depth, unstructured interviews with earth development of university programs, Research Ethics Board. Therefore, there scientists in 14 cities across Canada. Those undergraduate student recruitment, is no deception involved in this research, interviewed include earth scientists working industry recruitment and training, nor do the researchers seek any particular in universities across the country; in the and professional certification. The outcome. Further, those completing the various offices of the Geological Survey survey also seeks insights from earth survey will be guaranteed confidentiality and results will be tabulated and presented in a non-identifying manner. A final report of the results of the survey will also be made available to the GAC and CSPG executives and membership.

This timely research provides an opportunity for earth scientists to share their views on these important professional and public issues in an inclusive and collegial way. For this reason, your Executive strongly endorses this survey and encourages all members to thoughtfully complete it. This information will help the Executive understand members’ concerns and views on several important matters facing the earth sciences now and in the future.

The electronic survey, available in English and in French, will commence at the beginning of April, 2007 on a secure 2007 Convention webpage at McMaster University. CSPG Members will receive an announcement in May 14 - 17, 2007 the eNewsletter, providing them with a link to the survey website and instructions for Calgary, Alberta, Canada participating.

www.GEOconvention.org

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