A HISTORY OF PRE-CINEMA

Volume One

Selected and with a new introduction by Stephen Herbert

London and New York CONTENTS

VOLUME ONE: PART 1 From to 1

Camera obscura 3 'The Camera Obscura', Magazine of Science 6 April 1839 3 'How to Make a Camera Obscura', Hobbies 14 November 1896 5

Photography 7 'Photogenic Drawing', Magazine of Science 20 April 1839 7 'Photogenic Drawings', Magazine of Science 27 April 1839 11

Stereoscopy 15 'The ', Robert Hunt, The Art-Journal February 1852 15 'Improved Stereoscope', The Art-Journal August 1853 17 'The Stereoscope', Robert Hunt, The Art-Journal April 1856 19 Stereoscopic advertisements, The Art-Journal January, September 1856 22 'On a New Form of Stereoscope', A. Stroh, Proceedings of the Royal Society 7 January 1886 23

Moving photographs 27 Contents

'Description of a new Optical Instrument called the "Stereotrope" ', William Thomas Shaw, Philosophical Magazine December 1861 27 'The Stereotrope', William Thomas Shaw, Photographic News 10 May 1861 29 'On the Motoroscope', James Laing, Proceedings of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts 1864 (14 March 1864 Meeting) 31 'Moving Photographic Figures', A. Claudet, British Journal of Photography 15 September 1865 33 'Photo-Thaumatropy', Walter Woodbury, British Journal of Photography 17 January 1868 37

Chronophotography 39 'Photographs of a Galloping Horse', Richard A. Proctor, The Gentleman's Magazine December 1881 39 'Animal Locomotion in the Muybridge Photographs', The Century July 1887 55 'The Electric Tachyscope', Scientific American 16 November 1889 69 Invention (cover, based on chronophotograph by Etienne-Jules Marey and Charles Fremont, 1894) 16 November 1895 73 'History of Chronophotography', Smithsonian Report 1901 75 'The Story of a Smile', The New Penny Magazine December 1901 109 Descriptive Zoopraxography, (1893) 111

VOLUME ONE: PART 2 Optical, philosophical toys 219

'Magic Mirrors [anamorphics]', Magazine of Science 13 April 1839 221 'Anamorphosis, or Horizontorium', Magazine of Science 1 June 1839 223 'The Horizontorium', London Mechanics' Register 15 January 1825 225 'Description, of the patent Kaleidoscope, invented by Dr Brewster', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine May 1818 227 'History of Dr Brewster's Kaleidoscope', David Brewster, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine June 1818 231 'An Improved Kaleidoscope', Hobbies April / October 1896 239 'The ', London Mechanics' Register (from Hereford Independent) 16 April 1825 241 [Thaumatrope], John Bull 24 April 1825 243 'Description of the Thaumatrope', David Brewster, Edinburgh Journal 1826 245 'A new fact relating to Binocular Vision', A. Claudet, Proceedings of the Royal Society 1866/7 247

VI Contents

Explanation of an optical deception in the appearance of the spokes of a wheel seen through vertical apertures', P.M. Roget Philosophical Transactions February 1825 253 Description of an Instrument for exhibiting a certain Optical deception', E.S. Snell, American Journal of Science and Arts 1835 265 Singular Optical Illusion', T.W. Naylor, Mechanics' Magazine 14 May 1842 267 Grandmother's "Movies" ', Harold Avery, Strand Magazine February 1919 269 On the Properties of the Daedaleum, a new Instrument of Optical Illusion, W.G. Horner, London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine January 1834 271 On the and its antecedents' and The Anorthoscope', William B. Carpenter, Student and Intellectual Observer 1868 277 Optical Toy Sport', Dr Scoffern, Boy's Own Paper 17 December 1881 323 The : How To Make It', L. Marissiaux, Amateur Work c.1891 325

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