LIBRARY of CONGRESS 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 55

Bookstores—Government Printing Office

City Address Telephone

Washington, DC, area: Main Bookstore ...... 710 N. Capitol St. NW...... 202Ð512Ð0132 Retail Sales Outlet ...... 8660 Cherry Ln., Laurel, MD ...... 301Ð953Ð7974 Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 120, 999 Peachtree St. NE...... 404Ð347Ð1900 Cleveland, OH ...... Rm. 1653, 1240 E. 9th St...... 216Ð522Ð4922 Columbus, OH ...... Rm. 207, 200 N. High St...... 614Ð469Ð6956 Dallas, TX ...... Rm. 1C42, 1100 Commerce St...... 214Ð767Ð0076 Denver, CO ...... Suite 130, 1660 Wynkoop St...... 303Ð844Ð3964 Detroit, MI ...... Suite 160, 477 Michigan Ave...... 313Ð226Ð7816 Houston, TX ...... Suite 120, 801 Travis St...... 713Ð228Ð1187 Jacksonville, FL ...... Rm. 100, 100 W. Bay St...... 904Ð353Ð0569 Kansas City, MO ...... 120 Bannister Mall, 5600 E. Bannister Rd...... 816Ð765Ð2256 Los Angeles, CA ...... CÐLevel, 505 S. Flower St...... 213Ð239Ð9844 Milwaukee, WI ...... Rm. 150ÐW, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave...... 414Ð297Ð1304 New York, NY ...... Rm. 2Ð120, 26 Federal Plz...... 212Ð264Ð3825 Pittsburgh, PA ...... Rm. 118, 1000 Liberty Ave...... 412Ð395Ð5021 Portland, OR ...... 1305 SW. 1st Ave...... 503Ð221Ð6217 Pueblo, CO ...... 201 W. 8th St...... 719Ð544Ð3142 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 194, 915 2d Ave...... 206Ð553Ð4270

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20401. Phone, 202–512–1991. Fax, 202–512–1293. Internet, www.gpo.gov/public-affairs/index.html. E-mail, [email protected].

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000. Internet, www.loc.gov.

Librarian of Congress JAMES H. BILLINGTON Deputy Librarian of Congress DONALD L. SCOTT Chief of Staff JOANN JENKINS Associate Librarian for Library Services WINSTON TABB Associate Librarian for Human Resources TERESA SMITH Services Director, Congressional Research Service DANIEL P. MULHOLLAN Register of Copyrights and Associate Librarian MARYBETH PETERS for Copyright Services Law Librarian RUBENS MEDINA General Counsel ELIZABETH PUGH Inspector General KARL SCHORNAGEL Chief, Loan Division L. CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT Library of Congress Trust Fund Board Chairman (Librarian of Congress) JAMES H. BILLINGTON (Secretary of the Treasury) PAUL H. O’NEILL (Chairman, Joint Committee on the Library) VERNON EHLERS (Vice Chairman, Joint Committee on the CHRISTOPHER DODD Library) Appointive Members EDWIN L. COX, JULIE FINLEY, NAJEEB HALABY, JOHN HENRY, LEO HINDERY, DONALD G. JONES, JOHN KLUGE, CEIL PULITZER, BERNARD RAPOPORT, (VACANCY)

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The Library of Congress is the national library of the United States, offering diverse materials for research including the world’s most extensive collections in many areas such as American history, music, and law.

The Library of Congress was established from the daguerreotype to the latest by act of April 24, 1800 (2 Stat. 56), news photo; recordings, including appropriating $5,000 ‘‘for the purchase folksongs and other music, speeches, of such books as may be necessary for and poetry readings; prints, drawings, the use of Congress....’’ The and posters; government documents, Library’s scope of responsibility has been newspapers, and periodicals from all widened by subsequent legislation (2 over the world; and motion pictures, U.S.C. 131–168d). The Librarian, microforms, and audio and video tapes. appointed by the President with the Reference Resources Admission to the advice and consent of the Senate, directs various research facilities of the Library the Library. is free. No introduction or credentials The Library’s first responsibility is are required for persons over high school service to Congress. As the Library has age. Readers must register by presenting developed, its range of service has come valid photo identification with a current to include the entire governmental address, and for certain collections there establishment and the public at large, are additional requirements. As demands making it a national library for the for service to Congress and Federal United States. Government agencies increase, reference service available through Activities correspondence has become limited. The Collections The Library’s extensive Library must decline some requests and collections are universal in scope. They refer correspondents to a library within include books, serials, and pamphlets on their area that can provide satisfactory every subject and in a multitude of assistance. While priority is given to languages, and research materials in inquiries pertaining to its holdings of many formats, including maps, special materials or to subjects in which photographs, manuscripts, motion its resources are unique, the Library does pictures, and sound recordings. Among attempt to provide helpful responses to them are the most comprehensive all inquirers. Online reference service is collections of Chinese, Japanese, and also available through the ‘‘Ask a Russian language books outside Asia and Librarian’’ site, at www.loc.gov/rr/ the former Soviet Union; volumes askalib. relating to science and legal materials Copyrights With the enactment of the outstanding for American and foreign second general revision of the U.S. law; the world’s largest collection of copyright law by Act of July 8, 1870 (16 published aeronautical literature; and the Stat. 212–217), all activities relating to most extensive collection in the Western copyright, including deposit and Hemisphere of books printed before registration, were centralized in the 1501 A.D. Library of Congress. The Copyright Act The manuscript collections relate to of 1976 (90 Stat. 2541) brought all forms manifold aspects of American history of copyrightable authorship, both and civilization, and include the published and unpublished, under a personal papers of most of the Presidents single statutory system which gives from George Washington through Calvin authors protection immediately upon Coolidge. The music collections contain creation of their works. Exclusive rights volumes and pieces—manuscript and granted to authors under the statute published—from classic works to the include the right to reproduce and newest popular compositions. Other prepare derivative works, distribute materials available for research include copies or phonorecords, perform and maps and views; photographic records display the work publicly, and in the

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case of sound recordings, to perform the —the National Serials Data Program, a work publicly by means of a digital national center that maintains a record audio transmission. Works eligible for of serial titles to which International copyright include literary works (books Standard Serial Numbers have been and periodicals), musical works, assigned and serves, with this file, as the dramatic works, pantomimes and United States Register; and choreographic works, pictorial, graphic, —the development of general schemes and sculptural works, motion pictures, of classification (Library of Congress and sound recordings, vessel hull designs, Dewey Decimal), subject headings, and mask works, and architectural works. cataloging, embracing the entire field of Serving in its capacity as a national printed matter. registry for creative works, the Copyright Furthermore, the Library provides for: Office registers more than 500,000 —the preparation of bibliographical claims to copyright annually lists responsive to the needs of (representing more than 800,000 works) Government and research; and is a major source of acquisitions for —the maintenance and the the universal collections of the Library of publication of cooperative publications; Congress. Most of the information —the publication of catalogs, available on paper is also accessible bibliographical guides, and lists, and of online, at www.loc.gov/copyright. texts of original manuscripts and rare Extension of Service The Library books in the Library of Congress; extends its service through: —the circulation in traveling —an interlibrary loan system; exhibitions of items from the Library’s —the photoduplication, at reasonable collections; cost, of books, manuscripts, maps, —the provision of books in braille, newspapers, and prints in its collections; electronic access to braille books on the —the sale of sound recordings, which Internet, ‘‘talking book’’ records, and are released by its Recording Laboratory; books on tape for the blind and the —the exchange of duplicates with physically handicapped through 140 other institutions; cooperating libraries throughout the —the sale of CD–ROM cataloging Nation; tools and magnetic tapes and the —the distribution of its electronic publication in book format or microform materials via the Internet; and of cumulative catalogs, which make —the provision of research and available the results of the expert analytical services on a fee-for-service bibliographical and cataloging work of basis to agencies in the executive and its technical personnel; judicial branches. —a centralized cataloging program Congressional Research Service whereby the Library of Congress Congress created the Congressional acquires material published all over the Research Service (CRS) to serve its world, catalogs it promptly, and legislative needs for nonpartisan and distributes cataloging information in objective research and analysis. CRS machine-readable form and other means works exclusively for the Congress by to the Nation’s libraries; providing timely and confidential —a cooperative cataloging program research and analysis to Members, whereby the cataloging of data, by name committees, and their staff on all public authority and bibliographic records, policy issue of interest to the Congress, prepared by other libraries becomes part at all stages of the legislative process. of the Library of Congress database and CRS staff is comprised of recognized is distributed through the MARC experts in many disciplines, including Distribution Service; American law, economics, foreign —a cataloging-in-publication program affairs, the physical sciences, in cooperation with American publishers environmental science, public for printing cataloging information in administration, and the social and current books; political sciences.

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The Service policy experts and publications are available upon request. information specialists work closely with Many Center publications and a number Members and committees to help define of collections are available online legislative issues before the Congress; through the Internet, at lcweb.loc.gov/ frame, examine, appraise, and evaluate folklife. legislative proposals and options; The American Folklife Center analyze previous legislative activity; maintains and administers the Archive of explain policy alternatives and analyze Folk Culture, an extensive collection of their implications; and provide ethnographic materials from this country background and factual information. and around the world. It is the national The Service also provides in-person repository for folk-related recordings, and telephone consultations and manuscripts, and other unpublished memoranda in response to specific materials. The Center’s reading room questions; written reports analyzing contains over 3,500 books and legislative issues of concern to the periodicals; a sizable collection of Congress; seminars on policy, budget, magazines, newsletters, unpublished and legal issues; and legislative training theses, and dissertations; field notes; and on legislative procedure. many textual and some musical For further information, call 202–707–5700. transcriptions and recordings. American Folklife Center The Center, For further information, call 202–707–5510. which was established in the Library of Center for the Book The Center was Congress by Act of January 2, 1976 (20 established in the Library of Congress by U.S.C. 2102 et seq.). The Center an act of October 13, 1977 (2 U.S.C. supports, preserves, and presents 171 et seq.), to stimulate public interest American folklife by receiving and in books, reading, and libraries, and to maintaining folklife collections, scholarly encourage the study of books and print research, field projects, performances, culture. The Center is a catalyst for exhibitions, festivals, workshops, promoting and exploring the vital role of publications, and audiovisual books, reading, and libraries—nationally presentations. The Center has conducted and internationally. As a partnership projects in many locations across the between the Government and the private country, such as the ethnic communities sector, the Center for the Book depends of Chicago, IL; southern Georgia; a on tax-deductible contributions from ranching community in northern individuals and corporations to support Nevada; the Blue Ridge Parkway in its programs. southern Virginia and northern North Carolina; and the States of New Jersey, The Center’s activities are directed Rhode Island, and Montana. The projects toward the general public and scholars. have provided large collections of The overall program includes reading recordings and photographs for the promotion projects with television and Archive of Folk Culture. The Center radio networks, symposia, lectures, administers the Federal Cylinder Project, exhibitions, special events, and which is charged with preserving and publications. More than 90 national disseminating music and oral traditions educational and civic organizations recorded on wax cylinders dating from participate in the Center’s annual the late 1800’s to the early 1940’s. A reading promotion campaign. cultural conservation study was Since 1984, 44 States and the District developed at the Center, in cooperation of Columbia have established statewide with the Department of the Interior, book centers that are affiliated with the pursuant to a congressional mandate. Center for the Book in the Library of Various conferences, workshops, and Congress. State centers plan and fund symposia are given throughout the year. their own projects, involving members of The Folklife Center News, a quarterly the State’s ‘‘community of the book,’’ newsletter, and other informational including authors, readers, prominent

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citizens, and public officials who serve Center the Library is developing in as honorary advisers. Culpepper, VA.

For further information, contact the Center for the For further information, call 202–707–5856. Book. Phone, 202–707–5221. Fax, 202–707–0269. E-mail, [email protected]. Preservation The Library provides technical information related to the National Film Preservation Board The preservation of library and archival National Film Preservation Board, material. A series of handouts on various presently authorized by the National preservation and conservation topics has Film Preservation Act of 1996 (2 U.S.C. been prepared by the Preservation 179), serves as a public advisory group Office. Information and publications are to the Librarian of Congress. The Board available from the Office of the Director works to ensure the survival, for Preservation, Library of Congress, conservation, and increased public Washington, DC 20540–4500. Phone, availability of America’s film heritage, 202–707–1840. including advising the Librarian on the annual selection of films to the National Sources of Information Film Registry and counseling the Books for the Blind and Physically Librarian on development and Handicapped Talking and braille books implementation of the national film and magazines are distributed through preservation plan. Key publications are 140 regional and subregional libraries to Film Preservation 1993: A Study of the blind and physically handicapped Current State of American Film residents of the United States and its Preservation, Redefining Film territories. Qualified users can also Preservation: A National Plan, and register fror Web-Braille, an Internet- Television and Video Preservation 1997: based service. Information is available at A Study of the Current State of American public libraries throughout the United Television and Video Preservation. States and from the headquarters office, For further information, call 202–707–5912. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of National Sound Recording Preservation Congress, 1291 Taylor Street NW., Board The National Sound Recording Washington, DC 20542–4960. Phone, Preservation Board, established in 2000 202–707–5100. by Public Law 106–474, includes three Cataloging Data Distribution major components: a National Recording Cataloging and bibliographic information Preservation Advisory Board, which in the form of microfiche catalogs, book brings together experts in the field, a catalogs, magnetic tapes, CD–ROM National Recording Registry, and a cataloging tools, bibliographies, and fundraising foundation, all of which are other technical publications is distributed conducted under the auspices of the to libraries and other institutions. Library of Congress. The purpose of the Information about ordering materials is Board is to create and implement a available from the Cataloging national plan for the long-term Distribution Service, Library of Congress, preservation and accessibility of the Washington, DC 20541–4910. Phone, Nation’s audio heritage. It also advises 202–707–6100. TDD, 202–707–0012. the Librarian on the selection of Fax, 202–707–1334. E-mail, culturally, aesthetically, or historically [email protected]. significant sound recordings to be Library of Congress card numbers for included on the National Recording new publications are assigned by the Registry. The national recording Cataloging in Publication Division. preservation program will set standards Direct inquiries to CIP Division, Library for future private and public preservation of Congress, Washington, DC 20540– efforts and will be conducted in 4320. Phone, 202–707–6372. conjunction with the state-of-the-art Contracts Persons seeking to do National Audio-Visual Conservation business with the Library of Congress

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should contact the Contracts and DC 20540–4570. Phone, 202–707– Logistics Services, Room 325, John 5640. Adams Building, Washington, DC, Publications A list of Library of 20540–9410. Phone, 202–707–0419. Congress publications, many of which Copyright Services Information about are of interest to the general public, is the copyright law (title 17 of the U.S. available through the Internet, at Code), the method of securing copyright, www.loc.gov. A monthly Calendar of and copyright registration procedures Events, listing programs and exhibitions may be obtained by writing to the at the Library of Congress, can be mailed Copyright Office, Library of Congress, regularly to persons within 100 miles of 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC. Make requests to the Washington, DC 20559–6000. Phone, Office Systems Services, Mail and 202–707–3000. Copyright information is Distribution Management Section, also available through the Internet, at Library of Congress, 101 Independence www.loc.gov. Registration application Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540– forms may be ordered by calling the 9441. forms hotline at 202–707–9100. Reference and Bibliographic Services Copyright records may be researched Guidance is offered to readers in the and reported by the Copyright Office for identification and use of the material in a fee; for an estimate, call 202–707– the Library’s collections, and reference 6850. Members of the public may, service in answer to inquiries is offered however, use the copyright card catalog to those who have exhausted local, in the Copyright Office without charge. State, and regional resources. Persons requiring services that cannot be The database of Copyright Office records performed by the Library staff can be cataloged from January 1, 1978, to the supplied with names of private present is available through the Internet, researchers who work on a fee basis. at www.loc.gov/copyright/rb.html. The Requests for information should be Copyright Information Office is located directed to the Reference Referral in Room LM–401, James Madison Service, Library of Congress, 101 Memorial Building, 101 Independence Independence Avenue SE., Washington, Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20559– DC 20540–4720. Phone, 202–707– 6000, and is open to the public Monday 5522. Fax, 202–707–1389. through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Research and Reference Services in eastern time, except Federal holidays. Science and Technology Reference Employment Employment inquiries specialists in the Science, Technology, should be directed to the Human and Business Division answer without Resources Services, Library of Congress, charge brief technical inquiries entailing 101 Independence Avenue SE., a bibliographic response. Requests for Washington, DC 20540–2200. Vacancy reference services should be directed to announcements and applications are the Science, Technology, and Business also available from the Employment Division, Library of Congress, Science Office, Room LM–107, 101 Reference Section, 101 Independence Independence Avenue SE. Phone, 202– Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540– 707–4315. Internet, www.loc.gov/hr/ 4750. Phone, 202–707–5639. Internet, employment. www.loc.gov/rr/scitech. Photoduplication Service Copies of Research Services in General Topics manuscripts, prints, photographs, maps, Federal Government agencies can and book material not subject to procure directed research and analytical copyright and other restrictions are products on foreign and domestic topics available for a fee. Order forms for using the collections of the Library of photoreproduction and price schedules Congress through the Federal Research are available from the Photoduplication Division. Science, technology, Service, Library of Congress, 101 humanities, and social science topics of Independence Avenue SE., Washington, research are conducted by staff

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specialists exclusively on behalf of Marketing Office, Library of Congress, Federal agencies on a fee-for-service Washington, DC 20540–4840. Phone, basis. Requests for service should be 202–707–3909. Fax, 202–245–3920. directed to Federal Research Division,

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540–8610. Phone, 202–707–2905. Fax, 202–707–9199. Internet, www.loc.gov.

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Second and D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–226–2600. Internet, www.cbo.gov.

Director DAN L. CRIPPEN Deputy Director BARRY B. ANDERSON Executive Associate Director STEVEN M. LIEBERMAN General Counsel ROBERT P. MURPHY Associate Director for Business, Management, WILLIAM J. GAINER and Information Services Associate Director for Communications MELISSA MERSON Associate Director for Research and Reports ARLENE HOLEN Assistant Director for Budget Analysis ROBERT A. SUNSHINE Assistant Director for Health and Human MARK E. MILLER Resources Assistant Director for Long-Term Modeling STEVEN M. LIEBERMAN, Acting Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis ROBERT A. DENNIS Assistant Director for Microeconomic and ROGER E. HITCHNER Financial Studies Assistant Director for National Security J. MICHAEL GILMORE Assistant Director for Tax Analysis G. THOMAS WOODWARD

The Congressional Budget Office provides the Congress with assessments of the economic impact of the Federal budget.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Activities was established by the Congressional Economic Forecasting and Fiscal Policy Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 601), Analysis The Federal budget affects and which also created a procedure by is affected by the national economy. The which the United States Congress Congressional Budget Office provides considers and acts upon the annual the Congress with biannual forecasts of Federal budget. This process enables the the economy and analyses of economic Congress to have an overview of the trends and alternative fiscal policies. Federal budget and to make overall Scorekeeping Under the budget decisions regarding spending and taxing process, the Congress establishes (by levels and the deficit or surplus these concurrent resolution), targets for overall levels incur. expenditures, budget authority and The Office provides the Congress with budget outlays, and broad functional basic budget data and with analyses of categories. The Congress also establishes alternative fiscal, budgetary, and targets for the levels of revenues, the programmatic policy issues. deficit or surplus, and the public debt. The Office ‘‘keeps score’’ for the

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