Uganda & Rwanda Birds & Gorillas Trip Report

1st to 19th July 2014

Shoebill by David Hoddinott

Trip Report Compiled by Tour Leader: David Hoddinott

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Tour Summary

Uganda, the “Pearl of Africa” as it is often referred to, is a remarkable country of astonishing diversity. It is small in size, has a good road network, excellent infrastructure, great food, is friendly and peaceful, and – most importantly – has a staggering bird list of over 1000 species, plus the added benefit of amazing wildlife including Mountain Gorillas, Chimpanzees, tree climbing Lions, Leopard, Elephant, Buffalo and so much more; no wonder it’s rated as one of the top birding and wildlife destinations in the world!

Our exciting adventure started off with a visit to Mabamba Swamp in search of the unique Shoebill. After a good deal of scanning two of Yellow-lored Bristlebill by David Hoddinott these stately birds were spotted some way off. Our local guides assisted us greatly in manoeuvring our canoes to gain a closer look and soon we were enjoying magnificent views, as can be seen in the photo above. Absolutely delighted we continue birding in this productive swamp situated on the edge of the vast Lake Victoria. Other notable sightings during our canoe trip included several Long-toed Lapwing, sought-after Lesser Jacana, a flock of White-winged Terns, confiding Malachite Kingfishers, beautiful Blue- breasted Bee-eaters, a very bold and showy Papyrus Gonolek and, just as we ended our boat trip, two fabulous Blue Swallows appeared, a most unexpected sighting and a great way to end off a marvellous start to our trip. Ovambo Sparrowhawk by David Hoddinott

Thereafter we started to make our way towards Jinja at the source of the Nile. En route we picked up Orange Weaver on the edge of Lake Victoria and also the nomadic Weyns’s Weaver. In the late afternoon we enjoyed our first forest birding at the great Mabira Forest before making our way to Jinja. We then enjoyed a delicious dinner before a good night’s rest.

Our time in Mabira Forest was very fruitful and our sightings of interest included Crested Guineafowl, Sabine’s and Cassin’s Spinetails, beautiful Narina Trogon, localised Forest Wood Chimpanzee by David Hoddinott Hoopoe, African Pied Hornbill, Brown-eared

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Woodpecker, Western Nicator, scarce Toro Olive Greenbul, elusive Yellow-lored Bristlebill, Fraser’s Rufous Thrush, a startled juvenile Fire- crested Alethe, Grey-throated Tit-Flycatcher, Green Twinspot and Yellow-mantled Weaver. We also enjoyed great sightings of a troop of Grey- cheeked Mangabey.

Leaving Jinja we made our way north to Masindi, stopping for a lovely pair of Red-necked Falcons, and then went via Luwero Swamp and the Kafu Ranches. After recent rains the Luwero Swamp was buzzing with activity and we quickly found White-shouldered Black Tit, Purple Starling, smart Red-headed Lovebird by David Hoddinott Marico Sunbird, Golden-backed Weaver, small flocks of Cardinal Quelea and a superb Marsh Widowbird in full breeding plumage. Moving on to the woodland around the ranches is most rewarding and this time was no different. Highlights in this area included a lovely Western Banded Snake Eagle, superb juvenile Martial Eagle soaring nearby, Vinaceous Dove, Bruce’s Green Pigeon dashed across the road, stunning White-crested Turaco, Eurasian Hoopoe, White-headed Barbets, superb Grey-headed Bushshrike, Buff-bellied Warbler, Lesser Blue-eared Starling, Spotted Palm Thrush, Little Weaver and several White-browed Sparrow-Weavers.

The next morning there was an air of excitement as we departed early for the drive to the Royal Equatorial Akalat by David Hoddinott Mile in Budongo Forest, well known to offer some of the finest forest birding in Africa! Before arriving at the forest we stopped off at some farm bush and a small patch of woodland, which produced a variety of species including lovely Dark-capped Yellow Warbler, Brown-backed Scrub Robin, superb Marsh Tchagra, smart Brown Twinspot, Black- bellied Firefinch, a small flock of Compact Weaver, handsome Black Bishop and delightful singing Cabanis’s Bunting. Tearing ourselves away from this active spot we headed to the forest and enjoy an outstanding day on the mile. Highlights included fabulous Nahan’s Partridge which at one point appeared shocked and stood motionless on the trail allowing us superb views, a European Honey Buzzard, magnificent perched Crowned Eagle, superb Red-chested Cuckoo, male Narina Trogon, Chocolate-backed Kingfisher, African Dwarf Kingfisher, White-thighed Hornbill, Yellow-billed Barbet, Yellow-crested Willard’s Sooty Boubou by David Hoddinott

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Woodpecker, tiny Ituri Batis (which gave great views for an elusive canopy species) and a nice flock of Spotted Greenbul.

From Masindi we next made our way to Kibale Forest. A comfort stop en route saw us enjoying a male Orange-tufted Sunbird and cracking scope views of Heuglin’s Francolin. Kibale holds some highly desired species and top of the list is Green- breasted Pitta, one of only a select few sites in the world for this scarce and tricky species and certainly the most reliable. Pittas are notoriously shy and elusive and this one is no exception, but Doherty’s Bushshrike by David Hoddinott with patience and persistence we finally managed to see this forest gem! Delighted with our success we then went in search of our other targets which included Red-chested Owlet and Chimpanzee. We enjoyed good sightings of both and then set about exploring the rest of the park, including the Sebitole and Bigodi Swamps. Some of our star sightings here included a soaring Ayres’s Hawk- Eagle, rare Ovambo Sparrowhawk, confiding male White-spotted Flufftail, Afep and rare White- naped Pigeons, flocks of Grey Parrot, Ross’s Turaco, resplendent male African Emerald Cuckoo, huge Alpine Swift, Black Bee-eater, rare Speckle-breasted Woodpecker, African Shrike- Grauer’s Broadbill by David Hoddinott flycatcher, Dusky Tit, localised Joyful Greenbul and Lowland Masked Apalis, Chestnut-winged Starling and Tiny Sunbird.

From Kibale we travelled to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park via the Ishasha section of Queen Elizabeth National Park. Highlights on the drive through Ishasha included White-headed Vulture, several majestic Bateleurs, an African Crake, Olive Bee-eater and White-tailed Lark. The mammals were great as well and we had superb sighting of African Elephant alongside the road, numerous Uganda Kob and African Buffalo. Lagden’s Bushshrike by David Hoddinott

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Our time in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park included covering all the altitudes including the sites of Buhoma, the Nek and Ruhija. We enjoyed so many wonderful sightings here; the heart of Albertine Rift endemism! Some of the highlights included Cassin’s Hawk-Eagle, Mountain Buzzard, a superb Western Bronze-naped Pigeon sitting up in the open and giving wonderful scope views, Black-billed Turaco, Horus Swift, beautiful Bar-tailed Trogon, noisy White-headed Wood Hoopoes, cute Western Tinkerbird, Willcock’s Honeyguide, Tullberg’s & Elliot’s Woodpecker, spectacular and rare Grauer’s Broadbill, Ruwenzori Batis, a plethora of bushshrikes including highly elusive Lagden’s, Many-coloured and stunning Doherty’s, Pink- footed Puffback, recently described Willard’s Scaly-breasted Illadopsis by David Hoddinott Sooty Boubou (see photo), Mackinnon’s Shrike, Mountain Oriole, Stripe-breasted Tit, Kakamega, Ansorge’s and Cabanis’s Greenbul, White- browed Crombec, Grauer’s Warbler, Red-faced Woodland Warbler, Mountain Yellow Warbler, Grauer’s Swamp Warbler, Ruwenzori, Mountain Masked and Chestnut-throated Apalis, Black- faced Rufous Warbler, Scaly-breasted and Mountain Illadopsis, Ruwenzori Hill Babbler, Slender-billed and sought after Sharpe’s Starling, Red-throated Alethe, Equatorial Akalat, Archer’s Ground Robin, White-bellied and Grey-winged Robin-Chats, Yellow-eyed Black Flycatcher, Chapin’s Flycatcher, Blue-headed, magnificent male Purple-breasted and Regal Sunbird, Strange Weaver, Dusky Crimsonwing and confiding Purple-breasted Sunbird by David Hoddinott Dusky Twinspot. We also lucked out with a superb sighting of the huge Yellow-backed Duiker. Whew!!! What a remarkable haul of stunning and sought after species!

Leaving Bwindi we made our way back into the savanna at Lake Mburo National Park. During our time here we enjoyed several game drives taking us through wonderful woodland as well as a most memorable boat trip. Some of the more noteworthy sightings included stunning White- backed Night Heron, Rufous-bellied Heron, Lappet-faced Vulture, Black-chested Snake Eagle, several African Finfoot, Brown-chested Lapwing, Bare-faced Go-away-bird, African Scops Owl, four nightjar species (Black- White-backed Night Heron by David Hoddinott shouldered, Swamp, Square-tailed and Pennant-

Trip Report - Uganda 2014 6 winged – the latter seen soaring overhead at dawn), Spotted Eagle-Owl, African Hoopoe, Red-faced and Black-collared Barbet, White-winged Black Tit and tiny Grey Penduline Tit.

From Lake Mburo we then travelled back to Entebbe, en route stopping at a fabulous ephemeral wetland. Here were observed not one but two more magnificent Shoebills, hundreds of Grey Crowned Cranes, both Lesser Moorhen and Allen’s Gallinule, a plethora of waterfowl including Hottentot Teal, Fulvous Whistling Duck and Knob-billed Duck, as well as African Spoonbill, African Openbill and Pink-backed Pelican. Thereafter we stopped off at the equator where participants had some time for shopping and then continued on to Entebbe, where our final birding for the day was at the Entebbe Botanical Brown-chested Lapwing by David Hoddinott Gardens. The gardens were very productive as usual and we notched up some new trip birds including Grey-headed Gull, Saddle-billed Stork and our target, Orange Weaver. Thereafter we travelled to our guesthouse where we enjoyed a delicious dinner and good night’s rest.

The following morning we made our way to the airport and boarded our flight to Kigali. On arrival we met up with our drivers and 4x4s and drove to Nyungwe Forest. En route we had some surprisingly good sightings and these included three splendid Bat Hawks near their nest and the recently split Ruaha Chat, which also gave great views.

The great Nyungwe Forest is one of the largest forests in East Africa and supports a wealth of Albertine Rift Endemics. Our main reason for the visit was to find the localised Red-collared Babbler, which after a good deal of searching showed particularly well. Other notable sightings Pennant-winged Nightjar by David Hoddinott included African Cuckoo-Hawk, Ruwenzori Turaco, Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo, Ruwenzori Nightjar, numerous Scarce Swift, superb male Bar-tailed Trogon, Olive Woodpecker, Grey Cuckooshrike, Kungwe Apalis, Ruwenzori Double-collared Sunbird and Golden-breasted Bunting.

This had been a most remarkable adventure with a wonderful group of friendly, experienced and enthusiastic participants. Sadly it was time to say goodbye and we therefore travelled to the airport to catch our departure flights home. Thank you for an awesome trip and I look forward to sharing another memorable adventure with you all!

(All photos taken during the tour)

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Annotated List of Birds recorded

Nomenclature and taxonomy follows the IOC 4.2 List of Please cite: Gill, F. and M. Wright. 2014. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Total species recorded (including heard): 513

(ARE) indicates an Albertine Rift endemic species QENP = Queen Elizabeth National Park NP = National Park

Ducks, Geese and Swans Anatidae White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata A flock of thirty was seen at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor A flock of six was seen at a crater lake near Kibale National Park and a further five were seen at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. White-backed Duck Thalassornis leuconotus We enjoyed great scope views of six at a roadside wetland en route from Ruhija to Lake Mburo NP. Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis A flock of forty was seen at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos One was seen flying near the Kafu Ranches and a flock of 6 at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus A single bird was seen en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. African Black Duck Anas sparsa Two of this handsome species were seen at Buhoma. Infrequently recorded in Uganda. Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata Quite common at Mabamba Wetland and several seen in Lake Mburo NP and at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota We had great views of eight at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe.

Guineafowl Numididae Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris Recorded in a variety of savanna situations on the tour (e.g. Kafu Ranches, Lake Mburo NP) Crested Guineafowl Guttera pucherani We had good views of five at Mabira Forest and a further flock of ten at the Royal Mile, Budongo Forest.

New World Quail Odontophoridae Nahan’s Partridge (Francolin) Ptilopachus nahani We had fantastic views of three at the Royal Mile, Budongo Forest.

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Pheasants and Allies Phasianidae Crested Francolin Dendroperdix sephaena Seen in small numbers at the Kafu Ranches, near Murro and in Lake Mburo NP Scaly Francolin Pternistis squamatus We heard several calling near Murro. Heuglin's Francolin Pternistis icterorhynchus One was seen exceptionally well at Murro. Handsome Francolin Pternistis nobilis We heard several calling at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe NP, Rwanda Red-necked Spurfowl (Francolin) Pternistis afer Common in Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo NP’s

Grebes Podicipedidae Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Two birds were seen at a crater lake near Kibale NP and a further two at a roadside wetland en route from Ruhija to Lake Mburo NP.

Storks Ciconiidae Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis We saw several at the town of Kasese and again at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. A few were also seen near Kigali, Rwanda. African Openbill Anastomus lamelligerus This species was seen at most wetland associated locales beginning with the Entebbe area and several were also seen near Kigali, Rwanda. Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia abdimii A flock of 28 was seen at their roost whilst en route from the Royal Mile to Masindi and several more near Buhoma. Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis One was seen on Lake Victoria from the Entebbe Botanical Gardens. Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus We recorded this “beauty” throughout, both in urban situations and over savanna areas. Small numbers were also seen at Kigali, Rwanda.

Ibises, Spoonbills Threskiornithidae African Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus Small numbers seen at scattered sites throughout the trip. Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash We saw this noisy bird quite frequently during the trip. African Spoonbill Platalea alba We enjoyed good views of this bird at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. A few were also seen near Kigali, Rwanda.

Herons, Bitterns Ardeidae White-backed Night Heron Gorsachius leaconotus A beautiful pair was seen on Lake Mburo. Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax One was seen during the drive from Nyungwe Forest to Kigali, Rwanda.

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Striated Heron Butorides striata Several were seen on Lake Mburo. NOTE: A polytypic and cosmopolitan superspecies with over 30 recognized forms. The IOC recognizes three full species, the North American Green Heron B. virescens, Galapagos Heron B. sundevalli and the most widespread nominate form that we recorded in Uganda. Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides Three seen at Mabamba Swamp, several at Lake Mburo and a couple near Kigali, Rwanda Rufous-bellied Heron Ardeola rufiventris We enjoyed superb scope views of one in Lake Mburo NP and a further three at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Widespread and seen in wetland, grassland and savanna situations. NOTE: This group is split into 2 species by the IOC, the nominate Western Cattle Egret B. ibis and the Asian/Australasian Eastern Cattle Egret E. coromanda. This split is as yet not recognised by Clements. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Small numbers were seen alongside wetlands during the tour. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala The terrestrial equivalent of the previous species, it was seen in open country, as well as at nesting colonies in tall trees in villages and towns. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea We enjoyed a number of sightings including at Mabamba and Luwero Swamps. NOTE: The Cape Verde Islands A. p. bournei is sometimes split off as Cape Verde Purple Heron or Bourne’s Heron. Great Egret Ardea alba We saw one at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe and several near Kigali, Rwanda. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia We enjoyed great views of one at Mabamba Swamp Little Egret Egretta garzetta We recorded them along Lake Victoria and the Nile at Jinja. NOTE: Clements lumps Little and Madagascar’s Dimorphic Egret E. dimorpha into a single species. This treatment is not widely accepted.

Hamerkop Scopidae Hamerkop Scopus umbretta Belonging to a monotypic family, we saw them frequently on the trip with fantastic sightings at Mabamba Swamp, Lake Mburo and several near Kigali, Rwanda.

Shoebill Balaenicipitidae Shoebill Balaeniceps rex A fabulous sighting at Mabamba Swamp where we saw two, a further one soaring in Lake Mburo NP and two at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. A truly magnificent species!

Pelicans Pelecanidae Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens Seen at a number of waterbodies, on the Nile at Jinja and at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe, several were also seen near Kigali, Rwanda.

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Cormorants Phalacrocoracidae Reed (Long-tailed) Cormorant Microcarbo africanus Seen at Mabamba and at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe NOTE: The Clements common name for this species is Long-tailed Cormorant. White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus Small numbers on the Nile at Jinja and six on Lake Victoria

Anhingas, Darters Anhangidae African Darter Anhinga rufa Recorded along the Nile at Jinja NOTE: The IOC splits Darter A. melanogaster into 3 separate species, namely African Darter A. rufa, Oriental Darter A. melanogaster and Australasian Darter A. novaehollandiae. Clements does not yet recognise these splits.

Kites Hawks & Eagles Accipitridae Black-winged (-shouldered) Kite Elanus caeruleus Seen en route to Mabamba Swamp and en route from Kibale to Bwindi NOTE: The Clements common name for this species is Black-shouldered Kite. African Harrier-Hawk (Gymnogene) Polyboroides typus Seen frequently throughout the trip Palm-nut Vulture Gypohierax angolensis Several were recorded at scattered sites throughout the trip with great sightings in Ishasha. European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus We enjoyed great views of one along the Royal Mile. African Cuckoo-Hawk Aviceda cuculoides After only hearing this species at Sebitole we were rewarded with superb views of a pair in Nyungwe Forest. Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus Seen in the vicinity of Kampala and in Jinja, also quite common at Kigali, Rwanda (African) White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus We saw a flock of fifty near a Lion kill in Queen Elizabeth NP and smaller numbers in Lake Mburo NP White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis We had great views of three near Lake Kikorongo. Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotus One was seen in Lake Mburo NP. Black-chested Snake Eagle Circaetus pectoralis We had superb views of two shortly after leaving Lake Mburo NP. Brown Snake Eagle Circaetus cinereus Seen well on several occasions including at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP Western Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus cinerascens Our first sighting was of one near the Kafu Ranches and a further one was seen at Bigodi Swamp. NOTE: The Clements common name for this species is Banded Snake-Eagle. Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus This fantastic savanna raptor was seen at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth and in Lake Mburo NP. Bat Hawk Macheiramphus alcinus Some saw one at our guest house at Jinja and then we were treated to superb scope views of three en route from Kigali to Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Crowned Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus

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One bird was seen superbly well as it perched in full view at the Royal Mile, Budongo and a further one seen soaring at Sebitole. At least 3 birds were seen at Nyungwe Forest where we also watched one displaying. Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus We had great views of a juvenile soaring near the Kafu Ranches and another perched at Kibale Forest with our final sighting of an adult in Lake Mburo NP. Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis Small numbers were seen regularly throughout the trip. Wahlberg’s Eagle Hieraaetus wahlbergi We recorded this species at scattered locales throughout the trip including near Mabamba Swamp, Bigodi Swamp and en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Ayres’s Hawk-Eagle Hieraaetus ayresii Soaring birds were seen at Mabira Forest and Sebitole. Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax One was seen in Queen Elizabeth NP. Cassin’s Hawk-Eagle Aquila africana We had super sightings of one at Buhoma and a further two at Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus In some areas, a very common raptor, with many birds seen including 5 birds during the drive from Masindi to Sebitole. Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar One was seen at the Kafu Ranches and another in Lake Mburo NP. African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro We had amazing views of two juveniles at Bigodi Swamp and a further adult displaying at Buhoma Shikra (Little Banded Goshawk) Accipiter badius We saw one en route from Jinja to Masindi and another en route from Kibale to Bwindi. NOTE: We recorded the Northern Shikra A. b. sphenurus which some authorities consider distinct from the southern African Southern Shikra A. b. polyzonoides. These forms may also be split from the Asian nominate A. b. badius and other Asian forms. These splits are not widely recognised. Ovambo Sparrowhawk Accipiter ovampensis We enjoyed wonderful views of one at our lodge near Kibale NP. Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk Accipiter rufiventris Some saw one flying near Ruhija. Black Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus Singles were seen at Bigodi Swamp and Buhoma. NOTE: The Clements common name for this species is Black Goshawk. African Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus We saw two at Mabamba Wetland and another two at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius We saw them in widespread areas throughout the trip. African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer A number of superb views of this species along waterbodies (e.g. Mabamba Swamp, Lake Mburo) Mountain Buzzard Buteo oreophilus We enjoyed good flight views of one at Ruhija and later superb views of a perched individual in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Augur Buzzard Buteo augur Commonly seen in highland areas in the south-west of Uganda and several in Rwanda

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Bustards Otididae Black-bellied Bustard Lissotis melanogaster A male was seen briefly by some in Lake Mburo NP

Flufftails Sarothruridae White-spotted Flufftail Sarothrura pulchra This delightful species was seen at Mabira Forest and Bigodi Swamp, where a male showed particularly well. Red-chested Flufftail Sarothrura rufa Heard at Mubwindi Swamp.

Finfoots Heliornithidae African Finfoot Podica senegalensis Three females were seen very well at Lake Mburo NP, allowing for stunning views of this usually furtive species.

Rails, Crakes & Coots Rallidae African Rail Rallus caerulescens We heard one calling at a swamp en route from Ruhija to Lake Mburo NP. African Crake Crex egregia One bird was seen very well but briefly in Queen Elizabeth NP. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus to IOC, namely Crecopsis. Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostra One was seen at Mabamba Swamp and several more at Lake Mburo. African Swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis We enjoyed good scope views of one at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Allen’s Gallinule Gallinula alleni We enjoyed good scope views of 1 of this elusive species in flooded vegetation en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus We had good views of one at Mabamba Swamp and a further ten at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata We had good scope views of one at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe

Cranes Gruidae Grey Crowned Crane Balearica regulorum Scattered sightings of Uganda’s National bird were enjoyed, with peak numbers of 170 at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe.

Thick-knees Burhinidae Water Thick-knee (Dikkop) Burhinus vermiculatus Five were seen in Lake Mburo NP.

Plovers Charadriidae Long-toed Lapwing Vanellus crassirostris

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Great views of eight at Mabamba Wetland and several more at the Entebbe Botanical Gardens Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus A handsome bird, three at the Entebbe Botanical Gardens Senegal Lapwing (Lesser Black-winged Plover) Vanellus lugubris Two birds were seen at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. African Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus Several were seen in Lake Mburo NP and a further 12 at a roadside wetland en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Brown-chested Lapwing Vanellus superciliosus We had amazing views of three in Lake Mburo NP. Yet another highlight of the trip!

Jacanas Jacanidae Lesser Jacana Microparra capensis We had wonderful views of two at Mabamba Swamp. African Jacana Actophilornis africanus Excellent views of this species were had at Mabamba Swamp and in Lake Mburo NP.

Sandpipers, Snipes Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos We had great views of one in Lake Mburo NP.

Gulls, Terns & Skimmers Laridae Grey-headed Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus One was seen on Lake Victoria. Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica One was seen on Lake Victoria. White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus We saw a flock of about 30 on Lake Victoria.

Pigeons and Doves Columbidae Rock Dove Columba livia Seen in scattered urban areas during the tour. Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea These large pigeons were seen in a few towns during the tour, including a few in Rwanda. Afep Pigeon Columba unicincta We enjoyed very good views of two in Kibale NP. African Olive (Rameron) Pigeon Columba arquatrix We found small numbers daily in the Ruhija area of Bwindi Impenetrable NP and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. White-naped Pigeon Columba albinucha Brief flight views of one at Sebitole. Western Bronze-naped Pigeon Columba iriditorques Amazing scope views of one at Buhoma, Bwindi Impenetrable NP Lemon Dove Columba larvata We heard one calling in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Dusky Turtle Dove Streptopelia lugens We had brief views of one at Ruhija.

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Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata Commonly recorded during the trip. Ring-necked (Cape Turtle) Dove Streptopelia capicola Seen in QENP and in Lake Mburo NP. Its “work harder” (pre noon) and “drink lager” (post noon) calls were often heard in these parks. Vinaceous Dove Streptopelia vinacea One was seen very well at the Kafu Ranches. Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis Small numbers were seen on the drive from Masindi to Sebitole with scattered sightings elsewhere. Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Turtur chalcospilos Up to six seen daily in Lake Mburo NP. Blue-spotted Wood Dove Turtur afer Scattered sightings in moist farmbush throughout the country Tambourine Dove Turtur tympanistria A widespread forest species; it was first seen at Mabira Forest with scattered sightings elsewhere. Bruce’s Green Pigeon Treron waalia One was seen briefly flying across the road at the Kafu Ranches. African Green Pigeon Treron calva This species was seen at scattered tall woodland and forest sites during the tour.

Turacos Musophagidae Great Blue Turaco Corythaeola cristata We were treated to a numerous superb views of this species, one of the world’s “great blue birds!” Black-billed Turaco Tauraco schuettii This species was first seen at Mabira Forest with further good sightings at Ruhija. White-crested Turaco Tauraco leucolophus One bird showed beautifully for us on the Kafu Ranches road. Ruwenzori Turaco Ruwenzorornis johnstoni Up to ten were seen daily in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Ross's Turaco Musophaga rossae A few scattered birds were seen, including at Murro and in Lake Mburo NP. Bare-faced Go-away-bird Corythaixoides personatus We saw several in Lake Mburo NP. Eastern (Grey) Plantain-eater Crinifer zonurus Seen (and more frequently heard) in moist farmbush areas throughout the tour.

Cuckoos Cuculidae Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis One was seen near the Royal Mile. Blue-headed Coucal Centropus monachus Two were seen at Luwero Swamp and another in Lake Mburo NP. White-browed Coucal Centropus superciliosus One was seen during the drive from Masindi to Sebitole and another in Lake Mburo NP. NOTE: Clements does not recognise the widely accepted split of the southern dark-browed Burchell’s Coucal C. burchelli from the northerly White-browed Coucal C. superciliosus which we recorded in Uganda. Blue Malkoha (Yellowbill) Ceuthmochares aereus Seen on the Royal Mile, in Kibale NP and at Buhoma

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Note: The IOC splits the complex into Green Malkoha, C. australis that occurs in East and Southern Africa and Blue Malkoha, C. aereus that we observed and occurs in East, West and Central Africa. Clements does not as yet accept this split. Levaillant’s Cuckoo Clamator levaillantii We enjoyed a great sighting near Kibale NP and another at Buhoma. Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius One was seen at Luwero Swamp. Klaas's Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas A male was seen near Mabamba Swamp and another at Bigodi Swamp. African Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cupreus A male was seen very well at Kibale Forest. Dusky Long-tailed Cuckoo Cercococcyx mechowi This notorious skulker was heard on many occasions and showed exceptionally well at Mabira Forest. Olive Long-tailed Cuckoo Cercococcyx olivinus We heard this species at Buhoma. Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo Cercococcyx montanus One individual showed particularly well in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Black Cuckoo Cuculus clamosus Heard in Kibale NP Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius Superb views of this species on the Royal Mile and heard at many sites. African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis We had superb views of one just outside Lake Mburo NP.

Typical Owls Strigidae African Scops Owl Otus senegalensis We had amazing views of one on our evening excursion in Lake Mburo NP. Spotted Eagle-Owl Bubo africanus One bird showed briefly in Lake Mburo NP. Pearl-spotted Owlet Glaucidium perlatum One bird showed very well for us in Lake Mburo NP. Red-chested Owlet Glaucidium tephronotum We had awesome views of one in Kibale NP.

Nightjars Caprimulgidae Black-shouldered Nightjar Caprimulgus nigriscapularis We had great views of one in Lake Mburo NP. Ruwenzori (Montane) Nightjar * ARE Caprimulgus ruwenzorii We had brief views of one at Ruhija and later excellent views of one in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Swamp Nightjar Caprimulgus natalensis We had superb views of one in Queen Elizabeth NP. Square-tailed (Mozambique) Nightjar Caprimulgus fossii Good views of one in Lake Mburo NP. Pennant-winged Nightjar Macrodipteryx vexillarius Sensational views of 4 males displaying over our lodge in Lake Mburo NP; incredible indeed!

Swifts Apodidae Scarce Swift Schoutedenapus myoptilus

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This highland swift was seen at Buhoma and again at Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Sabine’s Spinetail Rhaphidura sabini We recorded one at Mabira Forest, two at the Royal Mile and three in Kibale NP. Cassin’s Spinetail Neafrapus cassini Two were seen at Mabira Forest. African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus Commonly seen around Jinja and Masindi NOTE: The nominate African form of the Palm Swift is considered to be distinct from the Malagasy form C. p. gracilis by some authorities. IOC and Clements does not as yet recognise this split. Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba Several were seen near Kibale NP. African Black Swift Apus barbatus At least 50 birds were seen at the road cuttings near Kabale town. Little Swift Apus affinis Seen at many scattered locales during the tour Horus Swift Apus horus We had good views of two at Ruhija. White-rumped Swift Apus caffer Recorded in small numbers at various sites throughout the trip.

Mousebirds Coliidae Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus Commonly seen in almost any wooded situation. Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus Seen in savanna areas, these fast-flying cousins if the previous species were seen in Ishasha and Lake Mburo NP

Trogons Trogonidae Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina We had good views of one in Mabira Forest and another on the Royal Mile. Bar-tailed Trogon Apaloderma vittatum Some participants saw two stunning males in the mossy forest at Buhoma and later we all enjoyed superb views of a male in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda.

Rollers Coraciidae Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudata We saw this beauty several times along the road from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Blue-throated Roller Eurystomus gularis We enjoyed stunning scope views of this rainforest associated-bird at the Royal Mile. Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus Seen in many open savanna situations throughout

Kingfishers Alcedinidae Chocolate-backed Kingfisher Halcyon badia We had excellent views of one along the Royal Mile. A fabulous bird! Grey-headed (-hooded) Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala Good views of two near the Kafu Ranches.

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Striped Kingfisher Halcyon chelicuti Widespread, and seen in a number of woodland situations including seven on the drive from Masindi to Sebitole Blue-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon malimbica Initially seen at Mabira Forest, where we had great scope views, and another seen along the Royal Mile Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis We saw birds of the resident, nominate race throughout the country. African Dwarf Kingfisher Ispidina lecontei Great views of one at Mabira Forest and another on the Royal Mile, Africa’s smallest kingfisher African Pygmy Kingfisher Ispidina picta Widespread and seen at in a variety of woodland and forest situations. Great views along the Royal Mile as well. Malachite Kingfisher Alcedo cristata Excellent views of these along some of Uganda’s waterways (e.g. Mabamba Swamp and Lake Mburo). Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maxima Seen very well at a crater lake near Kibale NP Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Very common on large waterways (e.g. Nile, Lake Mburo)

Bee-eaters Meropidae Black Bee-eater Merops gularis Excellent views of this beauty at Kibale Forest, as well as Buhoma. Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus Seen in Lake Mburo NP Blue-breasted Bee-eater Merops variegatus This wetland associated bee-eater was seen at Mabamba Swamp where we observed 6 birds including juveniles. Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater Merops oreobates Found in fairly high altitude areas; we saw them on a few occasions including great views near Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. White-throated Bee-eater Merops albicollis Six were seen at Mabira Forest. Olive (Madagascar) Bee-eater Merops superciliosus We saw a dozen in QENP.

Hoopoes Upupidae Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops We had great views of one on the Kafu Ranches. African Hoopoe Upupa africana We saw one near Lake Mburo NP.

Wood Hoopoes Phoeniculidae Forest Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus castaneiceps We enjoyed wonderful views of four in Mabira Forest. White-headed Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus bollei First seen at Sebitole, with further great views at Buhoma and several in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus

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We heard several calling in Lake Mburo NP. Common Scimitarbill Rhinopomastus cyanomelas We achieved good views at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP and again in Lake Mburo NP.

Hornbills Bucerotidae Crowned Hornbill Tockus alboterminatus We saw them in the vicinity of Entebbe, with further great views in Kibale Forest. African Pied Hornbill Tockus fasciatus Great views of this species at Mabira Forest. African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus Seen in drier woodland and savanna at the Kafu Ranches and in Lake Mburo NP White-thighed Hornbill Bycanistes albotibialis Good views of this forest hornbill were had at the Royal Mile. Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill Bycanistes subcylindricus We first saw these at Entebbe, with further great views at many forest sites.

African Barbets Lybiidae Grey-throated Barbet Gymnobucco bonapartei Initially seen at Sebitole with further views of a few birds in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, a distinctive bird with its twin nasal tufts and “toy trumpet” call Speckled Tinkerbird Pogoniulus scolopaceus This tinkerbird was first seen at Mabira, with more seen at the Royal Mile and Buhoma. Western Tinkerbird Pogoniulus coryphaea This elusive species was seen particularly well at Ruhija. Yellow-throated Tinkerbird Pogoniulus subsulphureus Initially seen at Mabira, we saw this species at scattered forest sites thereafter. Its yellow throat and moustachial stripes serve to distinguish it visually from the following species. Yellow (Golden)-rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus We enjoyed good sightings daily at both Buhoma and Ruhija. Possesses distinctive white moustachial stripes. Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus Two seen at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP Yellow-spotted Barbet Buccanodon duchaillui This colourful rainforest barbet was seen at Mabira, Sebitole and Buhoma. Its soft purring call was often heard in rainforest situations. Hairy-breasted Barbet Tricholaema hirsuta ansorgii We enjoyed great views of several at Mabira Forest and a further two at Bigodi Swamp. Note: Some authorities split this species into Hairy-breasted Barbet T. hirsuta that occurs in West Africa and Streaky- throated Barbet T. flavipunctata that we observed and occurs in East and Central Africa. IOC and Clements do not accept this split (see Birds of Africa south of the Sahara by Ryan and Sinclair 2010). Spot-flanked Barbet Tricholaema lacrymosa This woodland inhabitant was seen at the Kafu Ranches, with further views in Lake Mburo NP. White-headed Barbet Lybius leucocephalus A handsome species; we recorded them on the Kafu Ranches road and again at Murro. Red-faced Barbet Lybius rubrifacies We had good views of two pairs of this sought-after bird in Lake Mburo NP. It is wholly restricted to East Africa, and found only in south-western Uganda, northern Tanzania and in the east of Rwanda. Double-toothed Barbet Lybius bidentatus

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We saw this large barbet very well in Jinja with scattered sightings elsewhere. Yellow-billed Barbet Trachyphonus purpuratus This large, colourful species was seen at Mabira Forest and the Royal Mile.

Honeyguides Indicatoridae Cassin’s Honeybird Prodotiscus insignis We had superb views of one at Sebitole. Dwarf Honeyguide * ARE Indicator pumilio Some had great views of one at Ruhija. Willcocks’s Honeyguide Indicator willcocksi Excellent views of this species at Buhoma.

Woodpeckers Picidae Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica Good views of this bird were had in Lake Mburo NP. Golden-tailed Woodpecker Campethera abingoni We had great views of one in a papyrus swamp en route from Ruhija to Lake Mburo. Tullberg’s (Fine-banded) Woodpecker Campethera tullbergi This species was seen at Buhoma and Ruhija. Buff-spotted Woodpecker Campethera nivosa We had great views of this species at Mabira Forest and again at Buhoma. Brown-eared Woodpecker Campethera caroli This species was seen at Mabira Forest. Speckle-breasted Woodpecker Dendropicos poecilolaemus We had excellent views of a male at Bigodi Swamp. This is a rare species thoughout its range! Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens A female was seen near Mubwindi Swamp. Yellow-crested (Golden-crowned) Woodpecker Dendropicos xantholophus Great views of this noisy species at the Royal Mile Elliot’s Woodpecker Dendropicos elliotii Some excellent views of this species at Buhoma on successive days African Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos goertae This bird showed well near the Royal Mile and at Jinja. Olive Woodpecker Dendropicos griseocephalus We heard this species on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and then enjoyed good scope views of a pair in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda.

Falcons Falconidae Common (Eurasian) Kestrel Falco tinnunculus A bird of the resident rufescens race was seen in flight en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe and at least 6 were seen in Rwanda. Grey Kestrel Falco ardosiaceus First seen near Mabira with further sightings en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera Great views of two birds at Jinja African Hobby Falco cuvierii We had superb views of two at Jinja.

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Parrots Psittacidae Red-headed Lovebird Agapornis pullarius We had awesome views of a pair near Buhoma. Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus These noisy and highly intelligent avians were first seen in Mabira Forest, with further great views near the Royal Mile and a flock of 16 in Kibale NP. Meyer's (Brown) Parrot Poicephalus meyeri Seen well at the Kafu Ranches, Murro and in Lake Mburo NP

Broadbills Eurylaimidae Grauer’s (African Green) Broadbill * ARE Pseudocalyptomena graueri We were treated to outstanding views of a male near Mubwindi Swamp. This Albertine Rift Endemic is one of Africa’s rarest and most sought-after birds.

Pittas Pittidae Green-breasted Pitta Pitta reichenowi Good views of a bird perched on several occasions. Certainly a tour highlight, and one of Kibale Forest’s greatest drawcards!

Wattle-eyes & Batises Platysteiridae African Shrike-flycatcher Megabyas flammulatus This species was seen in Mabira, the Royal Mile and in Kibale NP. Strongly dimorphic, this species wags its tail sideways. Black-and-white Shrike-flycatcher Bias musicus We saw this species at Murro, with further superb views at Buhoma. NOTE: An alternative common name for this species is Vanga Flycatcher. Ruwenzori Batis * ARE Batis diops We had very good views of two at Ruhija and several more in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Chinspot Batis Batis molitor Seen at Ruhija (strange habitat for this species!), and later at Lake Mburo. Western Black-headed Batis Batis erlangeri We had good views of this species at Luwero Swamp, with further sightings near the Royal Mile. Ituri Batis Batis ituriensis Lovely views of this species at the Royal Mile Chestnut Wattle-eye Dyaphorophyia castanea This bird was seen at Mabira Forest and at Buhoma. Brown-throated Wattl-eye Platysteira cyanea This handsome species was seen at Buhoma. Jameson's Wattle-eye Dyaphorophyia jamesoni One bird was seen very well at Mabira Forest. NOTE: This species is sometimes lumped into the West African Red-cheeked Wattle-eye D. blissetti.

Bushshrikes Malaconotidae Grey-headed Bushshrike Malaconotus blanchoti This large bushshrike was seen very well at the Kafu Ranches. Lagden’s Bushshrike Malaconotus lagdeni

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We had simply amazing views of two birds near Mubwindi Swamp, another trip highlight! Many-coloured Bushshrike Chlorophoneus multicolor We enjoyed cracking views of one at Buhoma, another trip highlight. Bocage's Bushshrike Chlorophoneus bocagei We saw this lovely species at Bigodi Swamp, Ishasha and Buhoma. Orange-breasted Bushshrike Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus Two were seen in Acacia woodland in Lake Mburo NP. Doherty's Bushshrike Chlorophoneus dohertyi This gorgeous bird showed particularly well at Ruhija. Marsh Tchagra Bocagia minuta We had great views of one near the Royal Mile and another on the drive from Ruhija to Lake Mburo. Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis One was seen near Kibale NP and a further two near Ruhija. Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus We had brief views of one at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP. Pink-footed Puffback Dryoscopus angolensis This species was seen on a few occasions in bird flocks at Buhoma. Northern Puffback Dryoscopus gambensis Seen at scattered sites during the tour. Initially recorded at Ruhija in atypical habitat in highland forest and later in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Mountain Sooty Boubou Laniarius poensis Three were seen at Ruhija and a further one in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Willard’s Sooty Boubou Laniarius willardi A pair was seen amazingly well at Buhoma, clearly showing the bluegrey iris. Lühder's Bushshrike Laniarius luehderi This interesting “boubou” was first seen at Sebitole and later at Buhoma. Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus Two birds were seen near the Royal Mile. Papyrus Gonolek Laniarius mufumbiri Phenomenal views of one at Mabamba Swamp, what a beauty! Black-headed Gonolek Laniarius erythrogaster Also a handsome bird, it was seen at scattered woodland sites, with initial views in Entebbe and further sightings at Jinja and Queen Elizabeth NP. Brubru Nilaus afer This “cute” shrike was seen in Lake Mburo NP.

Cuckooshrikes Campephagidae Grey Cuckooshrike Coracina caesia Seen at several sites around Ruhija; an attractive bird despite its name and later in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava We had great views of several in Acacia savanna in Lake Mburo NP. Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike Campephaga phoenicea A male was seen at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP. Petit's Cuckooshrike Campephaga petiti Excellent views of this species at both Sebitole and Buhoma. Purple-throated Cuckooshrike Campephaga quiscalina

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We saw a female at Mabira Forest.

Shrikes Laniidae Mackinnon's Shrike (Fiscal) Lanius mackinnoni We saw them on forest edge and degraded woodland around Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, as well as on our Mubwindi Swamp walk. Grey-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitoroides The most common Lanius shrike on our route, and seen in moist savanna and farmbush throughout the tour. Northern (Common) Fiscal Lanius humeralis This species was seen at scattered sites on the trip. Less common than the previous species.

Orioles Oriolidae Western (Black-headed) Oriole Oriolus brachyrhynchus Excellent views of this bird at Mabira Forest and on the Royal Mile. Mountain (Black-tailed) Oriole Oriolus percivali Seen several times at Ruhija and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda (African) Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus Seen at the Kafu Ranches and again in Lake Mburo NP

Drongos Dicruridae Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Seen at many scattered savanna sites during the trip Velvet-mantled Drongo Dicrurus modestus Great views of this species at Mabira Forest where it was found nesting

Monarch Monarchidae Red-bellied (Black-headed) Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone rufiventer This beauty was seen in Mabira Forest and along the Royal Mile. African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis We recorded them at scattered woodland and forest locales, with initial views at Bigodi Swamp.

Crows Corvidae Piapiac Ptilostomus afer This interesting corvid was seen around Jinja and Masindi, where we saw them attending to animals. Pied Crow Corvus albus Regularly recorded during the trip. White-necked Raven Corvus albicollis We saw this species at our lodge at Ruhija and again at our lodge near Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda.

Fairy Flycatchers Stenostiridae African Blue Flycatcher Elminia longicauda We saw this species near Kibale NP. White-tailed Blue Flycatcher Elminia albicauda This species was seen at Buhoma and Ruhija, Bwindi Impenetrable NP and a further pair was seen in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. White-bellied Crested Flycatcher Elminia albiventris

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We had good views of four near Mubwindi Swamp. Tits Paridae White-shouldered Black Tit Melaniparus guineensis We had great views of one at Luwero Swamp and a further two at the Kafu Ranches. White-winged Black Tit Melaniparus leucomelas Some lovely views of this one at Lake Mburo NP. Dusky Tit Melaniparus funereus Recorded in a mixed flock at Sebitole and again in Kibale NP Stripe-breasted Tit *ARE Melaniparus fasciiventer This species was seen at Ruhija, and on the Mubwindi Swamp walk as well as at Nyungwe Forest.

Penduline Tits Remizidae Grey Penduline Tit Anthoscopus caroli We had good views of two birds in Lake Mburo NP.

Nicators Nicatoridae Western Nicator Nicator chloris This species was seen very well at Mabira Forest.

Larks Alaudidae Rufous-naped Lark Mirafra africana A widespread African lark, we saw this species en route to Mabamba Swamp and in QENP. Flappet Lark Mirafra rufocinnamomea This species was seen in Lake Mburo NP. White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda We were treated to good views of one in QENP.

Bulbuls Pycnonotidae Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor Seen every day of the trip Note: A confusing genus, the birds we observed have been split by the IOC from Common Bulbul P. barbatus which is found further north in Africa. Clements does not yet recognise this split. Kakamega (Shelley’s) Greenbul Andropadus kakamegae We saw this species in a mixed flock at Buhoma. Note: A recent split from Shelley’s Greenbul A. masukuensis, which is restricted to the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and northern Malawi. Kakamega Greenbul is restricted to the Albertine Rift and a few scattered forest sites in East Africa, and named for the forest in western Kenya from which it was described. Olive-breasted (Mountain) Greenbul Andropadus nigriceps Great views of this species at Ruhija and on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and in Nyungwe Forest Note: The Mountain Greenbuls have recently been split into a number of species scattered in higher altitude forest patches across Africa. The birds we saw are endemic to the Albertine Rift and central Kenya. Slender-billed Greenbul Andropadus gracilirostris Encountered at a number of forest sites, with our first views at Mabira Forest Little Greenbul Andropadus virens Commonly recorded in farmbush and forest throughout the tour. Little Grey Greenbul Andropadus gracilis Good views of this species at Mabira Forest. Ansorge’s Greenbul Andropadus ansorgei

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We saw two at Buhoma. Plain (Cameroon Sombre) Greenbul Andropadus curvirostris This species showed well at several forests including the Royal Mile. Yellow-whiskered Greenbul Andropadus latirostris We saw this bird at Mabira and Buhoma and later in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Honeyguide Greenbul Baeopogon indicator We enjoyed great scope views of one at Mabira Forest. Spotted Greenbul Ixonotus guttatus We had good views of eight of these distinctive greenbuls on the Royal Mile. Nicknamed “sprinting greenbul” because of its habit of moving through the canopy at speed! Joyful Greenbul Chlorocichla laetissima A noisy and quite colourful greenbul; we had excellent views of two pairs at Sebitole Forest. Yellow-throated Leaflove (Greenbul) Chlorocichla flavicollis Scattered views of this species, and seen particularly well on our last morning at Buhoma. Note: Birds in Uganda belong to the subspecies flavigula (also known as pallidigula). Toro Olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus hypochloris Good views of this species at Mabira Forest and again at Buhoma. A scarce bird that is restricted to rainforest in East Africa. Named after the Toro region of western Uganda. Cabanis’s Greenbul Phyllastrephus cabanisi We enjoyed good views of three at Buhoma. White-throated Greenbul Phyllastrephus albigularis One was seen at Mabira and two at Buhoma. Yellow-streaked Greenbul Phyllastrephus flavostriatus These wing-flicking and tail wagging greenbuls were seen at Ruhija and Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Red-tailed Bristlebill Bleda syndactylus A skulky bird; two were seen at Buhoma. Yellow-lored Bristlebill Bleda notatus A very confiding individual was seen very well in Mabira Forest. Red-tailed Greenbul Criniger calurus Recorded at Mabira and Buhoma, where we saw quite a few of these birds with their white, puffy throats.

Swallows, Martins Hirundinidae White-headed Saw-wing Psalidoprocne albiceps These birds were seen at scattered lower altitude sites, with some exceptional views of perched birds at Mabira Forest. Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne holomelas We saw these on a number of occasions in the general vicinity of Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. NOTE: The Black Saw-wing complex is sometimes split into eight full species with the Ugandan form being retained in P. holomelas. Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga Good views of 8 en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Banded Martin Riparia cincta We recorded one in Queen Elizabeth NP and a further six en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Two were seen at Mabamba Swamp and a further two whilst en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Much cleaner white underneath, with longer tail feathers and smaller red throat bordered with an incomplete dark breast band are features that serve to differentiate it from the following species.

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Angola Swallow Hirundo angolensis A widespread species that was seen on many occasions. Often seen in towns. Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii Good views of this swift little swallow in the town of Kasese. Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea We had great views of two at Mabamba Swamp. The majority of the world population winters around Lake Victoria. Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula We saw these birds in Buhoma and Ruhija NOTE: This confusing polytypic complex is being reviewed for multi-species splitting. Within the African populations, three potential species exist. The southern African nominate form H. f. fuligula would remain as Rock Martin and the more northern populations would become Red-throated Rock Martin H. pusilla which is resident in Uganda. Palaearctic birds would become Pale Crag Martin H. obsolete. IOC and Clements do not as yet recognise any of these splits. Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica Seen at scattered locales throughout the tour. Red-breasted Swallow Cecropis semirufa Good views of one at Mabamba Swamp and a further two in Lake Mburo NP. Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis We had superb views of two whilst en route from Lake Mburo to Entebbe. Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica These, with their square, black vents contrasting with pale rufous underparts were seen in QENP and at Ruhija.

Crombecs, African warblers Macrospenidae Moustached Grass Warbler Melocichla mentalis This vocal inhabitant of rank vegetation was seen near the Royal Mile. Yellow Longbill Macrosphenus flavicans One was seen in Mabira Forest. Grey Longbill Macrosphenus concolor Good views of this species in Mabira Forest. Northern Crombec Sylvietta brachyura We saw one at the Kafu Ranches. Green Crombec Sylvietta virens We saw one which showed well in Kibale Forest. Lemon-bellied Crombec Sylvietta denti This species was heard on the Royal Mile. White-browed Crombec Sylvietta leucophrys Seen well at Buhoma and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

Cettia Bush Warblers & Allies Cettiidae Neumann's (Short-tailed) Warbler * ARE Hemitesia neumanni Heard briefly at Buhoma and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

Yellow Flycatchers Erythrocercidae Chestnut-capped Flycatcher Erythrocercus mccallii Great views of this smart bird on the Royal Mile

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Family Uncertain Incertae Sedis Grauer's Warbler * ARE Graueria vittata Good views of this skulker at Ruhija. Green Hylia Hylia prasina Recorded at Sebitole Forest

Leaf Warblers & Allies Phylloscopidae Red-faced Woodland Warbler * ARE Phylloscopus laetus Good views were had of this species at Buhoma and Ruhija and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Uganda Woodland Warbler Phylloscopus budongoensis Heard calling in the towering Budongo Forest canopy!

Reed Warblers & Allies Acrocephalidae Greater Swamp Warbler Acrocephalus rufescens One bird was seen at Mabamba Swamp. African (Dark-capped) Yellow Warbler Chloropeta natalensis Three birds were seen near the Royal Mile. Mountain Yellow Warbler Chloropeta similis Recorded on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and in Ruhija’s bamboo zone.

Grassbirds & Allies Megaluridae White-winged Swamp Warbler Bradypterus carpalis Seen briefly en route from Ruhija to Lake Mburo Grauer’s Swamp Warbler * ARE Bradypterus graueri Great views of this highly localised species at Mubwindi Swamp. Restricted to high altitude wetlands in the Albertine Rift, and very threatened by wetland drainage in this highly populated region. Cinnamon Bracken Warbler Bradypterus cinnamomeus Heard in dense undergrowth in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Evergreen Forest Warbler Bradypterus lopezi Heard this species on the Mubwindi Swamp walk

Cisticolas & Allies Cisticolidae Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops Heard at many localities throughout the trip Singing Cisticola Cisticola cantans Good views of this one in rank vegetation near Buhoma. Whistling Cisticola Cisticola lateralis We saw one very well near the Royal Mile. Trilling Cisticola Cisticola woosnami Two were seen on the Ishasha road and a few more in Lake Mburo NP. Chubb's Cisticola Cisticola chubbi Recorded on a number of occasions in and around Bwindi Impenetrable NP and again in Nyungwe Forest Winding Cisticola Cisticola marginatus Several seen at Mabamba Wetland NOTE: Some authorities split this widespread African species into five species; Winding Cisticola C. marginatus, which occurs in East, Central and West Africa (which we recorded). The other four species are Coastal Cisticola C.

Trip Report - Uganda 2014 27 haematocephalus that occurs in coastal East Africa, Luapula Cisticola C. luapula occurring largely in Zambia, Rufous- winged Cisticola C. galactotes of coastal Southern Africa and Ethiopian Cisticola C. lugubris endemic to Ethiopia. IOC ratifies this split (however Clements does not as yet recognise these splits). Carruthers's Cisticola Cisticola carruthersi Excellent views of this bird at Mubwindi Swamp. Stout Cisticola Cisticola robustus We had good views of one at Ishasha, QENP. Zitting (Fan-tailed) Cisticola Cisticola juncidis This species was seen in QENP. Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava Two were seen during our time at Murro. Black-faced (Banded) Prinia Prinia bairdii A noisy bird that was seen on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and again in Nyungwe Forest White-chinned Prinia Schistolais leucopogon Initially seen near Murro, with further views of this species at Bigodi Swamp Ruwenzori (Collared) Apalis * ARE Apalis ruwenzorii We enjoyed great views of three at Ruhija with further sightings in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda NOTE: This species is sometimes lumped into Black-collared Apalis A. pulchra. Buff-bellied Warbler Phyllolais pulchella Usually seen in association with Acacia trees; we saw two at the Kafu Ranches and another in Lake Mburo NP. Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida Two were seen exceptionally well during the drive from Masindi to Kibale and again in Lake Mburo NP. A woodland / savanna associated apalis. NOTE: This widespread polytypic African species is likely to be split into two or more species, with the central Ugandan form becoming Green-tailed Apalis A. caniceps. IOC and Clements do not as yet recognise this split. Lowland Masked Apalis Apalis binotata This species was seen very well at Sebitole; strangely localised in Uganda, despite seemingly large amounts of suitable rainforest. Mountain Masked Apalis * ARE Apalis personata We had good views of this species at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Black-throated Apalis Apalis jacksoni Seen on a few occasions at Buhoma and Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Chestnut-throated Apalis Apalis porphyrolaema Montane forest in East Africa’s “ringing telephone” was seen on a few occasions at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Buff-throated Apalis Apalis rufogularis We saw these at scattered forests through the tour, with our first sighting at Mabira Forest. Kungwe Apalis Apalis argentea Three birds were seen very well in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Grey Apalis Apalis cinerea Good views of this species at Buhoma. Grey-capped Warbler Eminia lepida A very vocal but skulky species; we had great views at Bigodi Swamp, Ishasha and in Lake Mburo NP. Grey-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata We saw this widespread and noisy undergrowth species at Mabira and Buhoma forest sites. Yellow-browed Camaroptera Camaroptera superciliaris Good views of one on the Royal Mile. Olive-green Camaroptera Camaroptera chloronota

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This species was seen along the Royal Mile and at Buhoma. Black-faced Rufous Warbler Bathmocercus rufus Superb views of this species, with both the male and female seen at Buhoma. A very handsome species indeed! Rufous-crowned Eremomela Eremomela badiceps We had good views of this canopy species at the Royal Mile. In East Africa, only found in forests in western Uganda.

Fulvettas, Ground Babblers Pellorneidae Scaly-breasted Illadopsis Illadopsis albipectus We heard this species at a number of forest sites and obtained brief views at Mabira Forest but later those not Gorilla trekking enjoyed amazing views of one at Buhoma Mountain Illadopsis Illadopsis pyrrhoptera One showed well at Buhoma.

Laughingthrushes Leiothrichidae Red-collared Babbler Kupeornis rufocinctus After a good deal of effort we obtained fabulous views of several flocks and a total of about 15 birds. Another major highlight of the trip! Black-lored Babbler Turdoides sharpei We saw these birds at Ishasha, QENP and a further flock was seen as we left Lake Mburo NP. Brown Babbler Turdoides plebejus This bird was seen at the Kafu Ranches and near Murro. Arrow-marked Babbler Turdoides jardineii We saw this species near Buhoma and in Lake Mburo NP.

Sylviid Babblers Sylviidae Ruwenzori Hill Babbler Pseudoalcippe atriceps This handsome bird with its uplifting call was seen on a number of occasions at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. NOTE: The black-headed Ruwenzori Hill Babbler that we saw in south-western Uganda, P. atriceps is sometimes split off from African Hill Babbler P. abyssinica. Although IOC accepts this split, Clements do not. This species has a very disjunct population, occurring in the Albertine Rift and in south-west Cameroon and north-eastern Nigeria. African Hill Babbler is distributed in East Africa from Zambia/Malawi to Eritrea.

White-eyes Zosteropidae African Yellow White-eye Zosterops senegalensis Recorded fairly frequently in forested areas during the tour

Dapple-throat & Allies Arcanatoridae Grey-chested Babbler (Illadopsis) Kakamega poliothorax We heard this species calling at Buhoma.

Starlings Sturnidae Purple-headed (Glossy-) Starling Lamprotornis purpureiceps A widespread rainforest starling, with our first views of this species at Mabira Forest and best views of several at Bigodi Swamp

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Greater Blue-eared (Glossy-) Starling Lamprotornis chalybaeus Three were seen at Lake Mburo NP. Lesser Blue-eared (Glossy-) Starling Lamprotornis chloropterus Good views of these at the Kafu Ranches en route to Masindi. NOTE: This species complex is widely treated as two distinct species, the nominate group which we recorded in Uganda, remains as Lesser Blue-eared Starling and the southern broad-leaved woodland form becomes Miombo Blue-eared Starling L. elisabeth. IOC recognises this split (but Clements does not). Splendid (Glossy-) Starling Lamprotornis splendidus We saw a few en route to Mabamba Wetland and several more during the drive from Masindi to Kibale. Purple Starling Lamprotornis purpureus We had great views of one at Luwero Swamp. Rüppell's (Glossy-) Starling Lamprotornis purpuroptera Commonly recorded in a variety of open-country habitats throughout the tour. Violet-backed (Plum-coloured) Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster This stunner was seen on a few occasions in Kibale NP and along the Ishasha Road in Queen Elizabeth NP. Slender-billed Starling Onychognathus tenuirostris A wonderful flock of about fifty was seen near Mubwindi Swamp and a further 6 in Nyungwe Forest Chestnut-winged Starling Onychognathus fulgidus We had good views of a pair at Sebitole, Kibale NP. Waller’s Starling Onychognathus walleri Two were seen at Sebitole and three more alongside the following species in Nyungwe Forest. Stuhlmann's Starling Poeoptera stuhlmanni Small numbers were seen almost daily at Buhoma and Ruhija and a further 10 in Nyungwe Forest. Narrow-tailed Starling Poeoptera lugubris Good views of this small, long-tailed starling at Sebitole and Buhoma. Sharpe’s Starling Poeoptera sharpii We had great views of at least ten birds at Ruhija.

Oxpeckers Buphagidae Yellow-billed Oxpecker Buphagus africanus Recorded in the presence of large game at Ishasha, Queen Elizabeth NP and again in Lake Mburo NP

Thrushes Turdidae White-tailed Rufous (Ant-) Thrush Neocossyphus poensis One was seen briefly at the Royal Mile, two in Kibale NP and another at Buhoma. Fraser's Rufous Thrush (Rufous Flycatcher-Thrush) Stizorhina fraseri Two were seen very well in Mabira Forest. African Thrush Turdus pelios Seen at a variety of woodland and forest edge sites throughout the tour. Abyssinian Thrush Turdus abyssinicus Seen a couple of times at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda NOTE: This species, found in montane forest from northern Tanzania to northern Somalia, is a split from Olive Thrush Turdus olivaceus, which is endemic to southern Africa.

Chats and Old World Flycatchers Muscicapidae Fire-crested Alethe Alethe castanea

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A juvenile showed very well at Mabira Forest. NOTE: The Ugandan form is split from the nominate White-tailed Alethe of West Africa. IOC accepts this split. Brown-backed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas hartlaubi Seen en route to the Royal Mile where we enjoyed great views of one. Inhabits moister scrub than the following species. White-browed (Red-backed) Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys This species was seen at the Kafu Ranches and in Lake Mburo NP. A widespread African savanna inhabitant. Fraser’s (African) Forest Flycatcher Fraseria ocreata Good views of this species on the Royal Mile. Draws attention to itself with its noisy call, reminiscent of Velvet-mantled Drongo, and in East Africa, only found in rainforest in far western Uganda. Grey-throated Tit-Flycatcher Myioparus griseigularis Good sightings at Mabira Forest, Sebitole and at Buhoma. Grey Tit-Flycatcher Myioparus plumbeus We saw this species at the Kafu Ranches and in Lake Mburo NP. The savanna equivalent of the previous species. White-eyed Slaty Flycatcher Dioptrornis fischeri This species was seen on a few occasions around Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. Yellow-eyed Black Flycatcher * ARE Malaenornis ardesiacus We saw this bird on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and in Nyungwe Forest. The eye is a pale-creamy colour, with the faintest yellow tint, certainly not the yellow the name suggests! Northern Black Flycatcher Melaenornis edolioides Good views of this species on the Kafu Ranches and in Queen Elizabeth NP. Southern Black Flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina Quite restricted in range in Uganda, and found in the “southern” savannas; we saw it in Lake Mburo NP, where it is at the north of its range. Ashy Flycatcher Muscicapa caerulescens We enjoyed great views of two at Mabira Forest. Swamp Flycatcher Muscicapa aquatica First seen at Mabamba Swamp with further sightings at Lake Mburo Cassin's Flycatcher Muscicapa cassini Seen on a few streams in Kibale NP Chapin’s Flycatcher Muscicapa lendu We had good views of this localised species in the canopy at Buhoma. Near-endemic to the Albertine Rift forests, with an outlier population in Kakamega Forest, west Kenya. African Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta We saw this species at Mabira Forest, and later around Buhoma and Ruhija, where it was fairly common. This race (pumilia) is quite different to those found in southern Africa! Several were also seen in Nyungwe Forest. Dusky-blue Flycatcher Muscicapa comitata A few good views of these birds, first seen at Bigodi Swamp with further sightings in and around Buhoma, where the white eye-line contrasted well with the dark, “dusky-blue” body Sooty Flycatcher Muscicapa infuscata Good views of this species at Mabira Forest, the Royal Mile and again at Buhoma. Red-throated Alethe * ARE Pseudalethe poliophrys Good views of this species at Buhoma. White-bellied Robin-Chat Cossyphicula roberti This smart bird allowed for great views on our first day at Buhoma.

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Archer's Ground Robin (-Chat) * ARE Cossypha archeri Lovely views of this one with its harsh, grating song at Ruhija and seen again briefly in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Grey-winged Robin-Chat Cossypha polioptera This cutie was seen well at Buhoma. Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat Cossypha cyanocampter Heard at Mabira Forest White-browed (Heuglin's) Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini Common in QENP, and later seen in Lake Mburo NP as well. Red-capped Robin-Chat (Natal Robin) Cossypha natalensis This widespread African Robin-Chat was seen amazingly well in Mabira Forest. Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat Cossypha niveicapilla Brief views of one at Mabira Forest and later superb views of two at Bigodi Swamp White-starred Robin Pogonocichla stellata We saw this species very well at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda (Eastern) Forest Robin Stiphrornis erythrothorax xanthogaster Superb views of this bird at Mabira Forest. NOTE: This widespread tropical genus was split into four species (previously accepted by IOC), which are variably distributed from east across to west Africa. Interestingly, a new species, Olive-backed Forest Robin Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus was discovered in Gabon, bringing the Stiphrornis genus to a total of five species. Recent genetic work however suggests all of these should be lumped, and this is the stance that IOC has taken, lumping all five! Equatorial Akalat Sheppardia aequatorialis We enjoyed great views of several at Buhoma. Spotted Palm (Morning-) Thrush Cichladusa guttata We saw two of this handsome species at the Kafu Ranches. A good mimic! African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus We saw a few of these in scrubby, open country near Sebitole and on the edge of Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. NOTE: Many authorities (including Clements and the IOC) recognise the split of African S. torquatus and Common S. rubicola Stonechats (the latter a Palaearctic species), which is not followed by all authorities. Further splitting may occur in both groups including the highland Ethiopian form S. t. albofasciata that may become Ethiopian Stonechat. Sooty Chat Myrmecocichla nigra Common in more open, savanna type habitat. First seen en route to Mabamba Wetland with further great sightings along the Ishasha road Ruaha Chat Myrmecocichla collaris We enjoyed superb views of six whilst en route from Kigali to Nyungwe Forest. Familiar Chat Oenanthe familiaris We had good views of one during the drive from Kigali to Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda.

Sunbirds Nectariniidae Grey-headed Sunbird Deleornis axillaris A fairly atypical sunbird, which was seen at Mabira and Buhoma Little Green Sunbird Anthreptes seimundi This small, drab sunbird was seen at the Royal Mile and Kibale. Grey-chinned (Green) Sunbird Anthreptes rectirostris Recorded at the Royal Mile and at Buhoma NOTE: This species is sometimes split into two forms, the eastern (including Ugandan) Grey-chinned Sunbird A. tephrolaemus and the nominate western Yellow-chinned Sunbird. This is not accepted by IOC Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris

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Commonly recorded in forest-edge and tall woodland. Green-headed Sunbird Cyanomitra verticalis Good views of this one in Bigodi and at Buhoma. Blue-throated Brown Sunbird Cyanomitra cyanolaema Excellent views of this species at Mabira Forest and in Kibale NP. Blue-headed Sunbird * ARE Cyanomitra alinae Good views of this long-billed sunbird at Buhoma and Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest Olive Sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea We had scattered views of this species at various forest sites. Often seen as it whizzes through the forest undergrowth! NOTE: The Olive Sunbird species complex has been split into two full species by Clements and some other authorities, namely the nominate Eastern Olive Sunbird C. olivacea and the form which we recorded in Uganda, Western Olive Sunbird. There has been a review of this split and several authorities are in doubt of the validity, which is based upon the presence, or lack there-of, of pectoral tufts in the females of the various forms within the complex. The IOC does not recognise this split. Green-throated Sunbird Chalcomitra rubescens This species was seen well at Bigodi Swamp. Scarlet-chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis We saw this species in and around Jinja, Bigodi Swamp and Lake Mburo NP. Purple-breasted Sunbird Nectarinia purpureiventris We had amazing views of several feeding on Lobelias at Ruhija and again in Nyungwe Forest. Bronzy Sunbird Nectarinia kilimensis Seen commonly around Kibale NP and a further male seen in Nyungwe Forest Olive-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris chloropygius We saw this forest edge sunbird in a number of areas, including at Jinja and Murro. Tiny Sunbird Cinnyris minullus We had good scope views of one at Sebitole. Ruwenzori Double-collared Sunbird * ARE Cinnyris stuhlmanni We had great views of several in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Northern Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris reichenowi Common at Buhoma and Ruhija and also seen in Nyungwe Forest Regal Sunbird * ARE Cinnyris regius This stunner was seen on several occasions in Ruhija and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Marico Sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis We had superb views of a male at Luwero Swamp. NOTE: Some authorities split this complex into 2 full species. C. m. suahelica, which we recorded in Uganda would become Swahili Sunbird as opposed to the nominate form which would remain as Marico Sunbird. IOC and Clements do not as yet recognize this split. Red-chested Sunbird Cinnyris erythrocercus Common around Entebbe Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus Great views of a male along the Ishasha Road, QENP Orange-tufted Sunbird Cinnyris bouvieri We had great views of a male at Murro Superb Sunbird Cinnyris superbus A female was seen in Kibale NP.

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Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus A superb male was seen near the Royal Mile and a further two near Buhoma. Copper Sunbird Cinnyris cupreus Not uncommon in moist farmbush, with our first sightings of this species at Luwero Swamp.

Old World Sparrows Passeridae White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali We saw five at the Kafu Ranches. House Sparrow Passer domesticus One male was seen at a village en route to the Royal Mile and another was seen on the drive from Ruhija to Lake Mburo Northern Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus Common around human settlements, and seen almost daily.

Weavers & Widowbirds Ploceidae Thick-billed (Grosbeak) Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons Recorded at scattered forest sites; including good views at Sebitole and in Kibale NP. Baglafecht Weaver Ploceus baglafecht Initially seen near the Royal Mile, and then in the highlands, where it was fairly common. Slender-billed Weaver Ploceus pelzelni Very appropriately named, and seen at various wetland associated sites during the trip. Common around Lake Victoria Little Weaver Ploceus luteolus One male was seen at the Kafu Ranches. Spectacled Weaver Ploceus ocularis This species was seen in Lake Mburo NP. Black-necked Weaver Ploceus nigricollis We saw these birds at a number of forest and secondary forest sites; most common around Buhoma after our first views in Mabira Forest. Strange Weaver * ARE Ploceus alienus Excellent views of this species at Ruhija and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Black-billed Weaver Ploceus melanogaster This handsome weaver was seen at Buhoma and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda. Holub's Golden Weaver Ploceus xanthops We had great views of several near Ruhija and another during the boat trip on Lake Mburo. Orange Weaver Ploceus aurantius Two showed well on the edge of Lake Victoria. Northern Brown-throated Weaver Ploceus castanops Seen at Mabamba Swamp, and at Lake Mburo. Lesser Masked Weaver Ploceus ocularis Good views of these in Lake Mburo NP. Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus We saw this species on a number of occasions on the trip. Initially recorded on our Mabamba Swamp day. NOTE: This widespread African complex is a candidate for multi-species splitting and the subspecies P. c. bohndorffi which we recorded in Uganda will probably remain within the nominate Village Weaver P. cucullatus group. These splits are not as yet recognized by IOC or Clements.

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Vieillot's Black Weaver Ploceus nigerrimus Fairly widespread, and seen at scattered sites throughout the country. Good views at a nesting colony near Masindi. NOTE: The distinctive West African form of this weaver is sometimes split off as Black-and-chestnut Weaver P. castaneofuscus. Neither IOC nor Clements accepts this split. Weyns’s Weaver Ploceus weynsi We were very fortunate to have excellent views of this nomadic species en route from Mabamba Swamp. Black-headed (Yellow-backed) Weaver Ploceus melanocephalus Seen at Murro and in Lake Mburo NP (Jackson’s) Golden-backed Weaver Ploceus jacksoni Our best views were of several males in full breeding plumage at Luwero Swamp Yellow-mantled Weaver Ploceus tricolor We had good views of this species at Mabira Forest. Compact Weaver Ploceus superciliosus This species that favours rank grassland was seen en route to the Royal Mile, with further sightings at Murro. Dark-backed (Forest) Weaver Ploceus bicolor We had great views of two birds at Sebitole and a further two in Nyungwe Forest. Brown-capped Weaver Ploceus insignis Recorded at Buhoma and Ruhiza, works mossy trunks in a style very reminiscent of nuthatches Red-headed Malimbe Malimbus rubricollis First seen at Bigodi Swamp, with some fantastic views at Buhoma Red-headed Weaver Anaplectes rubriceps We had great views of two in Lake Mburo NP. Cardinal Quelea Quelea cardinalis We had wonderful views of small flocks at Luwero Swamp and near the Royal Mile. Black Bishop Euplectes gierowii Seen in rank vegetation near the Royal Mile, near Masindi and at Bigodi Swamp Black-winged Red Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus We had great views of one male in full breeding plumage near Bigodi Swamp. Yellow Bishop (Yellow-rumped Widow) Euplectes capensis Some of us saw two birds near Ruhija. Fan-tailed (Red-shouldered) Widowbird Euplectes axillaris Recorded at Mabamba and Luwero Swamps Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macroura We saw this bird en route to the Royal Mile and then later near Masindi. Marsh Widowbird Euplectes hartlaubi We had very good views of this species at Luwero Swamp. White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus We saw three flying overhead in Lake Mburo NP. Red-collared Widowbird Euplectes ardens Two were seen en route to the Royal Mile.

Waxbills & Allies Estrildidae White-breasted Nigrita (Negrofinch) Nigrita fusconotus Seen at a number of forests, with our first views at Mabira. Grey-headed Nigrita (Negrofinch) Nigrita canicapillus

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Its “hear ye, hear ye!” call was heard at most forest sites on the trip. First encountered at Mabira Forest. Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba We had brief views of two in Lake Mburo NP. Green(-backed) Twinspot Mandingoa nitidula We had great views of a male in Mabira Forest. Dusky Crimsonwing * ARE Cryptospiza jacksoni We had good but brief views of two on the Mubwindi Swamp walk and a further one in Nyungwe Forest. Red-headed Bluebill Spermophaga ruficapilla This stunner was seen at Mabira and at the Nek. Brown Twinspot Clytospiza monteiri We saw one bird en route from the Royal Mile. Dusky Twinspot Euschistospiza cinereovinacea We had simply amazing views of a pair at Ruhija. Black-bellied Firefinch Lagonosticta rara Two were seen en route to the Royal Mile. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala The most common firefinch in Uganda. Seen at a number of sites, with it being common in Lake Mburo NP African (Blue-billed) Firefinch Lagonosticta rubricata Good views of this species near the Royal Mile and near Buhoma. Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu Uraeginthus bengalus Our best views of this beautiful avian were in Lake Mburo NP. Yellow-bellied Waxbill Estrilda quartinia Very good views of these birds in cultivated highlands outside of Ruhija. Fawn-breasted Waxbill Estrilda paludicola Six seen in rank grassland near the Royal Mile NOTE: The Ethiopian near-endemic E. ochrogaster is sometimes recognized as a distinct species, Abyssinian Waxbill. This split is recognised by the IOC. Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Six seen at Mabamba Swamp Black-crowned Waxbill Estrilda nonnula We enjoyed great sightings of several at Mabira Forest. Kandt’s Waxbill Estrilda kandti kandti Four were seen at Mubwindi Swamp. Orange-breasted Waxbill Amandava subflava We heard this species near the Royal Mile Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata A widespread species, commonly seen throughout. Black-and-white Mannikin Lonchura bicolor Scattered views of this handsome manikin, with good views at Luwero Swamp

Indigobirds, Whydahs Viduidae Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata Good views of a male near the Royal Mile. Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura Seen near the Royal Mile and at Murro

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Wagtails, Pipits Motacillidae Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis Recorded at Buhoma and Ruhija Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara This species was seen at Sebitole. African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp Common, and seen on many occasions on the tour. Yellow-throated Longclaw Macronyx croceus We saw them at scattered grassland areas on the trip. First seen near Mabamba Swamp. African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Seen in small numbers in Lake Mburo NP NOTE: African pipit taxonomy is in rather a disarray and much further research is required in the phylogeny of this grouping. Several forms which are considered subspecies are likely to become full species in their own rights and several new forms are surely still to be described. The identification of two new species of pipits from an urban hockey field in Kimberley, South Africa, provides an excellent illustration regarding how little is known about African pipits and how little attention has been paid to them. Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys We recorded several along the Ishasha road, QENP. NOTE: A. l. goodsoni of central and south-west Kenya may be split off from the nominate group A. leucophrys. The Ugandan races we recorded would probably remain within the nominate complex. Neither IOC nor Clements accept this split.

Finches Fringillidae Western Citril Crithagra frontalis We saw this species very well near Ruhija. NOTE: This complex is now split into three distinct species, the eastern Southern Citril C. hyposticta, the western Western Citril C. frontalis (which is the form occurring in Uganda) and the nominate African Citril C. citrinelloides. IOC and Clements recognize these splits. Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica Fairly common throughout Brimstone (Bully) Canary Crithagra sulphurata Recorded in farmbush near Buhoma and fairly common in Queen Elizabeth NP. Thick-billed Seedeater Crithagra burtoni Small numbers were seen daily at Buhoma and Ruhija and in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda NOTE: The Tanzanian endemic S. melanochrous is sometimes split off a Kipengere Seedeater; this is accepted by the IOC. Streaky Seedeater Crithagra striolata Good views of this species in the vicinity of Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and in Nyungwe Forest Yellow-crowned Canary Serinus flavivertex Good views of ten at Ruhija. NOTE: This species complex has been split into two, the nominate southern group would remain as Cape Canary Serinus canicollis and the form which we recorded in Uganda becomes Yellow-crowned Canary S. flavivertex. IOC and Clements both recognize this split.

Buntings Emberizidae Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris We saw one at Ruhija, one in Lake Mburo NP and another in Nyungwe Forest. Cabanis’s Bunting Emberiza cabanisi One was seen near the Royal Mile.

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Annotated List of Mammals recorded

Taxonomy and nomenclature follows “The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals” by Jonathan Kingdon, Academic Press, 1997.

Total species recorded: 44

Apes Hominidae Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes We enjoyed a most memorable experience with a fabulous group of Chimps in Kibale NP.

(Mountain) Gorilla Gorilla gorilla beringei The group enjoyed a wonderful time with Mountain Gorillas during their trek at Buhoma. This is certainly one of the greatest wildlife experiences!

Colobid Monkeys Colobidae Central African Red Colobus Piliocolobus oustaleti Initially seen at Sebitole and we also had excellent views of these at Bigodi Swamp. Guereza (Black-and-white) Colobus Colobus guereza This attractive monkey was seen at a variety of forested and secondary forest sites on the tour. Angola Pied Colobus Colobus angolensis We heard a troop calling in Nyungwe Forest.

Cheek-Pouch Monkeys Cercopithecidae Olive (Anubis) Baboon Papio anubis First seen at the Royal Mile, with large troops recorded in various forest and savanna situations thereafter Grey-cheeked Mangabey Lophocebus albigena ugandae We saw this species at Mabira Forest and Bigodi Swamp. New work suggests that the ones found here are in fact endemic to Uganda, and thus Lophocebus ugandae become Uganda’s only endemic primate. Tantalus Monkey Cercopithecus pygerythrus Widespread and seen in a range woodland situations throughout Uganda. This species is also the species of “vervet” we saw in the south around Lake Mburo. L'Hoest's Monkey Cercopithecus lhoesti We saw these around Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. A handsome forest species that spends a large proportion of its time on the ground and also in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Blue (Gentle) Monkey Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni Seen very well on the Royal Mile with scattered sightings elsewhere Red-tailed Monkey Cercopithecus ascanius Good views of this species at Mabira, Kibale and Buhoma.

Lorisids Loridae Thomas’s Galago Galago thomasi We had good views of one on our night drive at Kibale NP.

Flying-Foxes Pteropidae

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Straw-coloured Fruit Bat Eidolon helvum We saw these large bats at Jinja in large numbers.

Large-Winged Bats Megadermatidae Yellow-winged Bat Lavia frons Excellent views of these interesting and appropriately named bats at Kafu Ranches and at Lake Mburo.

Hares & Rabbits Leporidae Scrub Hare Lepus saxatilis One was seen in Lake Mburo NP.

Squirrels Sciuridae Striped Ground Squirrel Xerus erychropus One was seen en route to Mabamba and another en route to Sebitole. Carruther’s Mountain Squirrel Funisciurus pyrropus We saw these in Ruhija and on the Mubwindi Swamp walk. Boehm's Squirrel Paraxerus boehmi We saw these small squirrel in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. Alexander’s Dwarf Squirrel Paraxerus alexandri We had good views of several at Mabira Forest. Red-legged Sun Squirrel Heliosciurus rufobrachium Good views of two at Mabira Forest and another at Bigodi. Has rufous leggings and a banded tail.

Mongooses Herpestridae Slender Mongoose Herpestes sanguinea One was along the Ishasha road, QENP. Dwarf Mongoose Helogale parvula Ten of these cute mongooses were seen well in Lake Mburo NP. Banded Mongoose Mungos mungo One was seen near Masindi by some.

Hyraxes Procavidae Western Tree Hyrax Dendrohyrax dorsalis We heard one calling in Nyungwe NP.

Elephants Elephantidae African Elephant Loxodonta africana We had some lovely views of this species in Queen Elizabeth NP.

Horses Equidae Common (Plains) Zebra Equus quagga boehmi Good views of up to fifty daily in and around Lake Mburo NP.

Hippopotamuses Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius Many were seen on our boat cruise in Lake Mburo NP.

Trip Report - Uganda 2014 39

Pigs Suidae Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus Seen at all savanna parks (i.e. Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo NP’s)

Bovids & Horned Ungulates Cape (African) Buffalo Syncerus caffer These imposing bovids were seen in Lake Mburo NP. Lake Chad Buffalo Syncerus brachyceros These smaller bodied and smaller horned buffalo were seen in Queen Elizabeth NP. Cape Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus Bushbuck seen in Lake Mburo probably correspond to this species. Common Eland Taurotragus oryx livingstonii Three of these enormous antelope were seen in Lake Mburo NP. Bush (Common/Grey) Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia One was seen by some in Lake Mburo NP. Black-fronted Duiker Cephalophus nigrifrons kivuensis We enjoyed a number of views of this species at Ruhija. Eastern Yellow-backed Duiker Cephalophus curticeps We had amazing views of one at Buhoma. Uganda Kob Kobus kob thomasi Common in open grassland habitat near water in Queen Elizabeth NP Defassa Waterbuck Kobus defassa These were seen in Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo NP’s. Impala Aepyceros melampus These were common and easy to see in Lake Mburo NP. Uganda Topi Damaliscus ugandae We recorded these antelope in the Ishasha portion of QENP and in Lake Mburo NP.

Annotated List of Reptiles and Amphibians recorded

Total species recorded: 9

Southern (Blue-headed) Tree Agama Acanthocercus atricollis ugandaensis We saw this species very well in Kibale NP. Moreau’s Tropical House Gecko Hemidactylus mabouia Commonly seen on buildings at night; often recorded at checklist time! Nile Monitor (Leguaan) Varanus niloticus We saw this lizard on Lake Mburo. Black-necked Spitting Cobra Naja nigricollis One of these large cobras was seen at Bigodi Swamp. Great Lakes Bush Viper Atheris nitschei Amazingly we had two sightings of this scarce species, one near Mubwindi Swamp and another in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda Gutteral Toad Amietophrynus gutturalis We had good views of one at Masindi.

Trip Report - Uganda 2014 40

African Clawed Frog (Platana) Xenopus laevis We enjoyed amazing sightings of at least 40 jumping across the road near Mabira pond.

Reference Clabaut, C., A. Herrel, T. Sanger, T. B. Smith, and A. Abzhanov, 2009. Development of beak polymorphism in the African seedcracker, Pyrenestes ostrinus. Evolution & Development 11: 636-646.

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