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Usaid/Eastern and Southern Caribbean Cross-Sectoral Youth Assessment Situational Analysis

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Usaid/Eastern and Southern Caribbean Cross-Sectoral Youth Assessment Situational Analysis USAID/EASTERN AND SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN CROSS-SECTORAL YOUTH ASSESSMENT SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS July 2020 This Situational Analysis document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of the YouthPower2: Learning and Evaluation AID Contract #47QRAA19D0006K/7200AA19M00018. The authors’ views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 1 USAID/EASTERN AND SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN CROSS- SECTORAL YOUTH ASSESSMENT SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS SUBMITTED TO USAID AND THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK July 2020 By Claudia Nicholson, Team Leader and Independent Consultant for Making Cents International Gary A Walker, Senior Technical Advisor and Independent Consultant for Making Cents International USAID’s YouthPower Learning generates and disseminates knowledge about the implementation and impact of positive youth development (PYD) and cross-sectoral approaches in international youth development. We are leading research, evaluations, and events designed to build the evidence base and inform the global community about how to transition young people successfully into productive, healthy adults. PYD is defined by USAID as: Positive Youth Development (PYD) engages youth along with their families, communities, and/or governments so that youth are empowered to reach their full potential. PYD approaches build skills, assets, and competencies; foster healthy relationships; strengthen the environment; and transform systems. Visit us at YouthPower.org to learn more and follow us on Facebook and Twitter for updates. For public inquiries and additional information, please email [email protected] or by mail to Making Cents International, attn: YouthPower Learning, 1350 Connecticut Ave NW, Suite 410, Washington, DC 20036. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assessment team was composed of people with wide-ranging expertise, including cross- sectoral youth programming, economic livelihoods development, governance, health, and education. Claudia Nicholson led the team with support from Gary Walker, Mona Farnum, and six regional youth researchers. The team also included a qualitative analyst, Sarah Gates, and a quantitative analyst, Nina Menezes Cunha from FHI 360. Gary Walker served as the Senior Technical Advisor. He participated in the research, interview process, and drafting of the Phase One and Phase Two work plans, Situational Analysis and Strategic Priorities document. Mona Farnum assisted in recruiting the youth researchers and arranged and scheduled the key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The six regional youth researchers were instrumental in organizing and conducting the peer group discussions and assisted in note-taking for focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and dissemination of the youth survey. Thanks go to Angelisa Alexander, Sidney Nelson, and Derwayne Wills from Guyana; Erica Alexis and Rhesa La Touche from Grenada; and Darren Carter from Barbados. Sarah Gates conducted the coding and analysis of the qualitative data and, together with Nina Menezes Cunha, assisted with designing the online surveys. At Making Cents International, Dr. Christy Olenik, Vice President for Technical Services provided assessment design input, technical support, oversight, and corporate quality control. The team also wishes to acknowledge the support of Pat Ryan, Project Associate and Chelsea Pallatino, Research, Evaluation, and Learning Specialist at Making Cents International. The assessment team would like to thank the staff of USAID/ESC for their support and insights. We extend special thanks to Simone Browne, Education Development Officer, for her thoughtful comments and oversight of the assessment. Thank you also to Kemberley Gittens, Social Analyst at the Caribbean Development Bank, for her insightful inputs. Finally, the team would like to thank the many stakeholders who volunteered their time to make this assessment a success, including representatives of the Caribbean Development Bank; representatives from the governments of Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago; other development partners; nongovernmental organizations; and USAID regional partners. The team is especially grateful for the contributions of the young people who participated in virtual peer group discussions, completed the survey, and helped validate the results. This report would have been impossible without their thoughtful insights. The assessment team earnestly hopes that their hopes, dreams, concerns, and challenges are represented faithfully. In choosing to share some of their reality, we hope this will inform and help catalyze the future they seek to create for themselves and for the Caribbean region. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements 3 Acronyms and Abbreviations 6 List of Figures 1. Positive Youth Development 2. Highest Formal Education of Peer Group Participants 3. Highest Formal Education of Youth Survey Respondents 4. Employment Situation of PGD Participants 5. Employment Situation of Youth Survey Respondents 6. Trinidad and Tobago Population Pyramid 2018 7. Guyana Population Pyramid 2018 8. Respondents’ Perception of Youth Interests, Dreams, and Desires for the Future 9. Respondents’ Own Interests, Dreams, and Desires for the Future 10. Perception of the Satisfaction of Peers with Their Daily Life 11. The Biggest Concern or Challenge for Young People 12. Main Barrier That Prevents Youth from Getting Jobs 13. Top Two Things That Youth Say Could Most Improve Their Quality of Life List of Boxes 1. Defining the Demographic Dividend 2. Bright Spot: Services for Youth Entrepreneurship 3. Education Success Story 4. Citizen Security Success Story 5. Health Care Success Story List of Tables 1. Number of Youth Assessment Participants by Age Group and Sex 2. Country Profile 3. Years of Compulsory Education and Dropout Rates by Sex 4. Health Indicators by ESC Country 5. Prevalence of Disability by Age Executive Summary 8 I. BACKGROUND, PURPOSE, AND METHODOLOGY 15 A. Background B. Purpose and Research Questions C. Methodology D. Positive Youth Development II. THE SITUATION OF YOUTH IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN 21 A. Demographic Profile B. Economic Growth C. Education 4 D. Citizen Security E. Climate Resilience F. Health G. Youth and Gender H. The Situation of Vulnerable Youth III. FINDINGS: YOUTH GOALS, PRIORITIES, AND BRIGHT SPOTS 30 A. Youth Development B. Economic Growth C. Education D. Citizen Security E. Climate Resilience F. Health IV. OPPORTUNITIES AND PROMISING APPROACHES TO SUPPORT YOUTH 48 A. Promising Policies B. Promising Structures C. Promising Programs D. Promising Partnerships E. Innovation in Youth Approaches V. RECOMMENDATIONS 52 ANNEXES 55 1. Protocols for Key Informants 2. Protocols for Focus Group Discussions 3. Protocols for Peer Group Discussions 4. Peer Group Discussion Individual Intake Form 5. Research Questions from the Scope of Work 6. Stakeholder Survey Results 7. Youth Survey Results 8. Summary of PGD Intake Form Information 5 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BYBT Barbados Youth Business Trust CAN Climate Action Network CAPE Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CARICOM Caribbean Community CBO Community-Based Organization CCCCC Caribbean Community Climate Change Center CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDB-YS Caribbean Development Bank Youth Study CFYR Community, Family, and Youth Resilience Program COVID Coronavirus Disease CSEC Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate CSF Caribbean Science Foundation CSO Community Service Organization CSYA Cross-Sectoral Youth Assessment CYEN Caribbean Youth Environment Network ECCB Eastern Caribbean Central Bank ESC Eastern and Southern Caribbean FGD Focus Group Discussion GBV Gender-Based Violence GEPOS Gender Equality Policy and Operational Strategy HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ICT Information and Communications Technology IDB Inter-American Development Bank INGO International Non-Governmental organizations IPV Intimate Partner Violence JA Junior Achievement JJRP Juvenile Justice Reform Project KII Key Informant Interview LACC Legal Aid and Counseling Clinic LAPOP Latin America Public Opinion Project LGBTQ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning MIF Multilateral Investment Fund MITES Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science MOU Memorandum of Understanding NCPD National Centre for Persons with Disabilities NEET Not in Employment, Education, or Training NEWLO New Life Organisation NGO Nongovernmental Organization OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PEPFAR President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PGD Peer Group Discussion PYD Positive Youth Development RDCS Regional Development Cooperation Strategy SABLE Sustainable Agribusiness for Laborie and Environs SDG Sustainable Development Goal 6 SPISE Student Program for Innovation in Science and Engineering SRH Sexual and Reproductive Health STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training USAID United States Agency for International Development VAWG Violence Against Women and Girls 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction This report presents the findings from the Eastern and Southern Caribbean (ESC) Cross- Sectoral Youth Assessment (CSYA), which was conducted from April to July 2020 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development for the Eastern and Southern Caribbean (USAID/ESC)
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