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9-25-1886 Report of the Governor of Wyoming, 1886

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Recommended Citation H.R. Exec. Doc. No. 1, 49th Cong., 2nd Sess. (1886)

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THE GOVERNOR 0}-, WYOMING.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Cheyenne, September 25, 1886. Sm: In complia,nce with your request of August 1"i, I have the honor to submit the following report of the affairs, progress, and development of the Territory of Wyoming during the past year, and offer such sug­ gestions upon subjects relating to the Territory as I desire to call to the attention of the Interior Department and Congress. Having made an extended and somewhat exhaustive report for the year 1885, giving a history of the settlement and advancement of the Territory, its flora and fauna, its geographical, topographical, geolog­ ical, and atmospherical conditions, together with articles upon live stock and other leading interests, I deem it unnecessary to reproduce the descriptive portion of that work. I endeavor to make this report sup­ plemental to that of 1885, recording in its pages the changes and hap­ penings of the last year, and adding some interesting facts of a stat,is­ tical nature not contained in former reports, with a brief summary in short paragraphs of salient points regarding Wyoming. Accompanying this report is a map* of the Territory, brought down to date. It is the map of 1885 wjth changes in the boundary lines of three counties as made by the last legislature, and with _two new rail­ roads, built during the last year, correctly drawn in. I trust the slight alterations will cause but little delay in getting out the new map to ac­ company printed copies of this report. Although I have resided within the Territory some 19 years, travel­ ing over it extensively, and have worked assiduously to secure statis­ tical information, I have to regret that in so great a scope of territory, with such a diversity of resources, many matters of interest and im­ portance have doubtless escaped my attention. Unfortunately, Wyoming has no bureau of statistics nor depository for collecting facts and figures. No census was taken in 1885, so that the collection of statistical data is difficult and tedious, requiring pa­ tient search at various points and through numerous records, covering a period of many years. · With a view of arranging a starting point in the collection and preservation of data, a number of lists and tables· are introduced in this report which may serve the double purpose of pres­ ent information and the accumulation of statistics for future reference. It will also form a nucleus for a '' red book" for the State of "1 yo ming. * In publishing tbis report the maps referred to have been omitted. 1005 1006 REPORT OF THE SECRET.ARY OF TH1~ INTERIOR.

The legislature of -Wyoming, at its 1886 session, ordered from the Government Printing Office, in addition to the copies furnished by the Interior Department, 4,000 copies of the report of 1885 for general dis­ tribution. This office, therefore, as well as the Interior Department, can furnish to interested applicants copies of last year's report to ac­ company this of 1886; the two making a comprehensive showing of Wyoming's natural resources and present condition. The general business depression of the country during the past year has been quite keenly felt in Wyoming. Cattle-growing, the leading industry of the Territory, has suffered severely from the unsatisfactory beef market, and the tide of immigration and settlement of public lands is being sensibly checked by the severe requiremeµts exacted from set­ tlers by the new rules and regulations of the General Land Office. Aside from these retarding influences, the Tenitory is making rapid progress. Very flattering results attend all efforts in developing our mineral resources, and railroad building is being pushed with remarkable vigor. The Wyoming Central has entered our borders within the past year from the east, and has now completed, with trains running thereon, 80 miles of standard gauge track, and some 60 miles in progress of grad­ ing. The Cheyenne and Northern bas grade completed, and has com­ menced track-laying on about 90 miles of railroad, with the intention of completing 100 miles the present year, and at least as much more next season. This road, which runs from Cheyenne northward, will ulti­ mately reach the British Possessions. The building of new railroads will open up the unsettled and unde­ veloped portion of the Territory and will bring an immense population, mainly settlers upon the public lands.

THE PUTILIC DOMAIN.

As the settlement and increase of this Territory must depend largely upon the acquirement of land, ancl as nearly the entire area of the Ter­ ritory is comprised in the unoffered, surveyed, and unsurveyed lands of the United. States and the large reservation set apart for the use of certain Indians, it becomes a matter of the greatest importance how, and when, these lands can pass from the ownership of the United States into the hands of bona fide settlers and citizens of the Territory. Frauds have been perpetrated upon the United States ever since land laws were enacte

Likewise in desert-claims, a wealthy owner may comply with all the requirements, where the poorer man must lose the r.esult of llis efforts on account of the incompleteness of his proof as measured by the pres­ ent severe standard . .Again, a dishonest settler will often make what seems to be an excel­ lent proof because he does not value the sanctity of an oath, and,' by collusion with witnesses, the answers to all questions will be favorable for proof. .An honest man is careful not to overstate his case, hence his proof inakes a poorer appearance on paper, and his entry may' be rejected, while his less conscientious neighbor secures an accf'ptance. Hence the suggestion that special agents should in all cases visit and examine lands before or wben proof is offered, rather than spend almost useless time delving in old matters upon which no intelligent evidence can be adduced. It is true that settlers are not compeHed to settle upon public lands, and the .Government can afford to hold them, but it is nevertheless true that the Government is of the people and for the peopl_e, and these lands belong to the settler under traditional rights, subject only to _legal and proper rules and regulations. It is submitted as a, principle, that an entryman should receive the benefit of a doubt in making final proof rather than to submit him to the arbitrary rule that all doubts­ and suspicions shall lie against him and be be considered dishonest until he prove himself the contrary. Certain evil-disposed persons frequently write to the Department and officers making eharges that cannot be sustained, merely for pur­ poses of mischief, and oftentimes in retaliation for not being able to blackmail honorable entrymen and land owners. A few so.called land attorneys make a regular business of inciting contests for the purpose of fleecing the settler; railroading through fraudulent entries, and making it necessary for them to be employed whenever they will it, or they resort to the system of secretly "filing charges." It is therefore suggested that the character and motives of parties filing charges be fully investigated, as well as the lands and persons of those complained of by the complainants. Further on in this report I will submit some facts and :figures showing the non-issuance of patents to settlers. (But two patents, aggregating 120 acres, were issued in Wyoming the present year.) The Government has defaulted regarding patents to a degree that does not encourage honesty, industry, and promptness on the part of the settler. The man who buys a farm from an individual and pays for it expects a deed, and usually gets one without unnecessary delay. It should be the same with the Government. In concluding this subject, I venture to assert that the sentim6nt and wish of every honest settler is that land matters be fully investigated, that the investigations be without prejudice, that a desire to enter and make proof upon the public land be no longer considered prima facie evidence of an intention to commit fraud, and that patents may speedily issue upon proper proof.

FENCING ON THE PUBLIC DOM.A.IN .A.ND RAILROAD ALTERNATE SEC- TIONS.

• Permit me to direct your attention to the remarks in my last annual report (pp. 1205-1207 of your report) relative to fencing on public lands, and also to the situation of the odd-numbered or railroad sec- 6737 I-VOL 2--04 1010 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. tions contai~ed within the twenty-mile limit on each sid~ of the Union Pacific Rail way. I beg to again present what I believe to be a very serious problem. Fencing the public lands outside this limit was a1most entirely dis­ continued upon orders from the Department to have such fencing cease. Very many of the fences constructed before that time have since been removed. Without doubt some remain, but the law is very generally respected. The streams are be1ng fenced up quite rapidly by settlers, who usually extend each claim to its limit up and down the water front. Many of these settlers with their claims adjoining are found together, so that a river or creek often presents the appearance of being fenced from its mouth to its source; but instead of being illegally fenced by the cattlemen, as may have been alleged in the past, the fencing is mainly owned by the "grangers" or those endeavoring to raise agri­ cultural crops, and the small live-stock owners who have no more stock than their inclosure and claim will support. Unfortunately, however, many settlers were careless about their line or could not afford to em­ ploy a surveyor, the charge being $6 to $10 per day for time absent from the office, and consuming one to ten days, according to distance, and consequently a very large percentage of those having small inclos­ ures have some part of their line on Government land. In these cases no land of consequence is appropriated. Carelessness or poverty on the part of the settlers was the cause, and not intentional wrong-doing. It would work hardship and expense to be technical in applying the law to such poor settlers, who can so illy afford it. No one questions the right of the Government to remove fences from the public domain or to prevent long lines of fences being so placed upon entered lands as to surround vast bodies of Government land, and erected for the manifest purpose of taking in lands to which the party fencing has no shadow of title. As above stated, there is no controversy upon this point. There is, however, an entirely different state of affairs regarding the so-called railroad lands, or odd-numbered sections, which extend twenty miles each way from the Union Pacific Railway, and which the railroad received from the Government as a subsidy and has disposed of to pri­ vate purchasers. Glancing over the railroad map, you will readily see that it is im­ possible for the purchasers of railroad land to fence in their property without surrounding Government land, however much tee land owner may strive to avoid it, and whether these railroad sections be fenced in quarter sections, entire sections, or in large tracts. For instance, when the red checks on this " checker-board" are each fenced iu on the outer limit of the red check, all the white checks are as effectually surrounded as if parties on white checks had undertaken to fence in their land and not include any of the red. It may be, and often is the case, that the fences of four different parties form this line around the white check, not one of the four fenc­ ing ha inclosed the Government section within his lines, and no one of them, alone, is responsible for its being fenced; yet the fact remains that the Government lands are inclosed, providing the construction put upon the word inclosed could apply to a piece of land which, although surrounded by fenqe, has many openings, provided with gates, placed there for the accommodation of all interested or uninterested parties. And provided further that no intimidation of settlers is indulged in and no effort made to debar any one from crossing and recrossing at will TEH.RI'l'ORY OF WYOMING. 1011 either the railroad land, owned by private owners, or the Government land inadvertently surrounded. The case is the worst where owners of railroad land have but a quarter t;ection apiece, because if all of the railroad sections were fenced, each by itself, the man who wishes to settle on a Government section 10 miles from the railroad or a highway, must go through ten or more fences or gates, and if the section is 19 miles away, mnst go through nineteen, and so on. On the other Ii an

(5) This railroad grant in Wyoming is all within the arid region, and very little of it is suitable for any use but grazing, and for this purpo8e land is most useful in large bodies. (6) It is a, fact, easily ascertained, that the owners who have more than one section of railroad land would be glad to exchange with the Government, receiving their land in a solid bo~ and leavfag that be­ longing to the Government also in a solid body, entirely outside of fences, if such a pla.n can be made practicable. (7) I believe the owners, with scarcely an exception, would rent these Government lands at an equitable figure, say at the same price the railroad formerly charged-$4 or $5 per section-always according the Govern­ ment the right to immediately cancel lease on such lands as shall be legally settled upon, and at no time offering obstructions to bona fide settlers. The new settler should perhaps be required to restrict the number of head of stock turned in to prorate with entire pasture, un­ less he should prefer fencing his claim. (8) Parties owning these odd secti@ns are unanimous, so far as I can learn, in their willingness to buy of the Government the alternate even sections lying within this district, at 8Uch prices as the Government might determine upon after an appraisal, or perhaps at such prices and upon such terms as the railroad company sold the odd-numbered alter­ nate sections surrounding them. (The railroad company has thus far sold its grazing lands in Wyoming at prices ranging from 50 cents to $1.50 per acre, ten payments, interest 6 per cent; the better portion being now sold and the poorer lands yet awaiting customers at lower figures.) It must be observed in this connection that in railroad lands the purchaser got all of each odd section, while in the alternate Gov­ ernment sections the best portions, those containing water, little meadows, &c., have all been settled upon, leaving, should the Govern­ ment now offer to lease or sell, only the more undesirable, unwatered, and poorer portions, worth much less in sale or lease than if Govern­ ment sections were intact, the same as railroad sections were when they were leased and sold. (9) Nearly all of the fences existing to-day in this railroad limit were built before passage of the. late law (chap. 149, second session l!"'orty­ eighth Congress) concerning inclosure of Government land. Parties having rented for a term of years of the railroad, and expecting to buy the land, placed their fences upon railroad sections, respecting in the mean time the law and the covenant's instructions, as issued prior to that time, regarding the erection and maintenance of fences upon Gov­ ernment land. (10) These inclosures, so called, do not extend outside the railroad limit, and are almost invariably provided with gates at frequent inter­ vals, at all old road or trail crossings, and at convenient points for any settler who may be within the lines, or who may wish to enter from without. (11) No violence, threats, objections, or displeasure even, is manifested to hinder parties who wish to enter the inclosures for settlement on public land, or for other purpose . (12) The majority of these owners have not fenced their entire own­ er hip, and often leave out more of their own land than they include of Gover ment. (13) Some occupants have placed placards upon their fen,ces assuring ettler that they are welcome within and that their rights will be ob­ erved and protected and gateways furnished w ~ere desired. The tales of shotgun interference, fences . with but one gate, and a padlock on TERRTTORY OE' WYOMING. ' 1013

that, do not f:LPlllY t_o mrncrs of these railroad_ lan~s, _nor in fact to ~he citizens of this Territory at all at the present time, 1f m fact such action could be truthfully alleged against the Territory at any time in the past. (14) It is maintained that the stock-owner who feeds his stock on ground one-half his own and one-half the Government's is but one-half as much to blame, if blame there be, as the owner who feeds his entire number on Government land outside this private ownership and the range of fences. The settler outside of such fences has no privileges not accorded to the settler inside. He is not intimidated in the one case more than the other. Crops are overrun with range stock out­ side of railroad limits unless one inclmie his own claim the same as if a claim he located iuside a large fenced field, while in latter case the smaller settler's stock js restrained from loss or long wanderings by the outside fences of the larger land-owner. In view of these premises, is it not incumbent upon the Government to provide relief for itself, regarding those even-numbered sections, w1thout doing injustice to the owners of odd sections 1 Would it not be the part of' a generous government to extricate the owners of the odd sections from their present unpleasant predicament, i. e., that they must live in seeming defiance of the laws of the land or abdicate their possession and ownership of their purchases, made in good faith before th~ law referred to had passed 1 And especially so when the Government could provide, by honorable contract, for occu­ pancy iu either rental or sale, which would bring a revenue to the Gov­ ernment and insure safety and a less uncertain attitude to tbe lessees. And more especially so when the Government is wholly at fault, con­ s1dering the form of the railroad grant. Cannot the Government afford to be fair, if not generous, in this matter, doing with the settler as bus-iness men do with each other­ eitber "give or take," exchange, rent, or lease¥ 'rhus providing some equitable way of either dissolving or continuing the partnership which now necessarily exists between the Government's even-numbered sec-· tions and the owners of odd-numbered sections. I believe that in presenting and discussing this matter as I do I take au unenviable position, and one that may not be looked upon with fa­ vor, unless a. fuller understanding of the situation obtains than seems to have been bad by Congress heretofore. But, at tlrn risk of placing ~n.rself in disfavor~ I desire to faithfully report the condition of affairs rn the Territory as I :firid them, urgiug Congress and the Interior De­ partment to extend assistance where aid is needed. I earnestly recommend that this matter receive early and thorough attention.

FACTS AND FIGURES CONCERNING LAND MATTERS. Should Congress repeal all tlle land laws except the homestead act, as that body came near doing at each of its last two sessions, the live stock men will indeed be happy, for then their herds aml flocks can run over the public domain with little fear of interruption for a, series of years, and the entire benefits of the land accrue to them free of purchase­ money, interest, or taxes. Were the land good enough so that a.U wonld soon be taken as home­ steads, tbe case would be different. The proposition is a good one which wil1 allow 320 acres to be taken as a homesten

DESERT-LA~'D LAW.

A great deal is said of the abuses which have arisen under the desert-land faw. This law has been in force for nine years, and less than 3,000,000 acres of land have been entered under its provision , of which less than ha{f a rnillion of acres have been patent1:;d. Assuming that half a million of acres should be patented each year under tbi law, it would r quire nearly sixty years to dispose of as much land as the Gov- rnment old under the graduation act at 12½ cents to $1 per acre. It would require more than one hundred and fifty years to dispose of the sa,me amount of laud under the de ert-land law as has been given to·the States under the swamp-land acts and it would r quire over three hundred years to sell as much under the desert-land law as ha been given to aid in the building ofrailroad . Of the 700,000,000 acres of the public domain, xcln ive of Ala ka, remaining under the col ~rolof the United States, probably 4;;0,000,000 acr s are arid, not an acre of which would produce a crop withou irrigation. TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1015

The acreage can only be approximated. 'l'he vast area is west of the one hundredth meridian. It bas been said that it would make a solid body 1,000 miles wide by 1,500 miles long. * * * Population is already spreading over this country. Emigration in great numbers from the States of the East has already reached the Rocky Mountains. Great canals and water-ways are being constructed for the reclamation of these lands. In my Territory, under the stimulus of the desert-land law, nearly $1,000,000 has been ex­ pended during the past three years in the construction of irrigation works. These improvements are not only expensive to construct, but require a large outlay of money annually for repai.i-s and management. It is estimated that it costs from five to twenty dollars an acre to cut the necessary canals and to construct other works required to successfully reclaim arid lands. It is not probable that the General Gov­ ernment will ever undertake to reclaim these lands or to directly assist in their rec­ lamation. The voting of money for public improvements is as unpopular to-day as it was once popular. The lands must be reclaimed by private enterprise. I do not believe that Congress can be too liberal in its legislation for the disposition of these lands, if liberality in this regard will induce the citizen to undertake the construc­ tion of such works as will make it possible to grow crops in the arid regions. Professor Powell, in his report on the arid region, says: ''The arid region is the great Rocky Mountain region of the United States, and it embraces something more than four-tenths of the whole country, excluding Alaska. In all this region the _mean annual rainfall is insufficient for agriculture, but in certain seasons some localities, now here, now there, receive more than their average supply. Under such conditions crops, will mature without irrigation. As such seasons are more or less infrequent, even in the more favored localities, and as the agriculturists cannot determine in advance when such seasons may occur, the opportunities afforded by excessive rainfall cannot be improved. "The limit of successful agriculture without irrigation has been set at 20 inches (of annual rainfall), that the extent of the arid region should by no means be exag­ gerated; but at 20 inches agriculture will not be uniformly successful from season to season. Many droughts will occur; many seasons in a long series will be fruitless; and it may be doubted whether on the whole agriculture will prove remunerative." It is estimated that 90 per cent. of the entire cost of reclaiming arid lands consists of the labor. The size and number of the water-ways can only be imagined when it is stated that there must be distributed through such means during each growing season over each acre of land reclaimed and cultivated an average depth of from 10 to 16 inches of water. You should consolidate all of the lep;islation proposed by this Congress with refer~ ence to public lands and label it "A.n act to prevent the settlement of the Northwest, the central West, and Southwest.'' That country is growing, it would appear, too rapidly for the East. The policy adopted by the United States in the past that the public lands should be disposed of not for revenue, but in such a manner as to encour­ age their settlement a,nd development, has proven to be the wisest of statesmanship. The results of legislation best determine whether such legislation was wise. If you should go back :fifty years and inquire into what has been accomplished under the land system of the United States, what has been done for the people of the nation through land grants and under se-ttlement laws, I believe every one of you would say that bad you been in this hall half a century ago as legislators, and could have turned over the leaves of the future and have seen the results that would follow, you would ~ave voted for the legislation that has been so productive of good, but which to-day 1s so strongly condemned. · No other class of legislation enacted by Congress bas done more for the American nation. Under the liberality of this system the great empire west of the Alleghany Mountains has been settled and made possible. Under the same system the States and Territories west of the Missiseippi River are on the high road of progress. Unless Congress has time to study the whole question carefully and make laws applicable to the new condition of things in the arid regions the present laws should be permit­ ted to stand, and the Executive should see that the land officers not only interpret the laws righteously but most liberally. WHh such favorable conditions the eight great Territories would soon be prepared for admission as States into the Union. * * * * * * The men who go West are representatives largely of the industrial classes from all of the States of the American Union. We have men there from the plow, from the workshop, fr

GRAZING LANDS. Whereas the use of the public lands for tbe grazing of cattle is a question of the highest importance to this association, representing as it does 2,000,000 head of cat­ tle, valued, with their accompanying plant of horses and real estate, at $100,000,000; and Whereas public opinion at the East is directed against this business, the two principal charges being: First, that we obstruct and prevent by violence or intimida­ tiou the settlement of these lands by the farmer; second, that we pay nothing for the lands ov-er which our herds graze; and Whereas settlers are to-day freely entering upon those sections which are suitable. Second, we are unable to pay any compensation to the Government, because no law exi. ts permitting the United States to either sell or lease their lands, and hence that uoth of the above charges are false and unjust; and '\Vhereas we are threatened with hasty and injurious legislation by Congress which may place us in the position of actnal law-breakers if we coutinue to pursue our busi­ ness; and Whereas we wish to place ou record our position, that it may be properly under­ st od by our friends in Congre:;s and the public generally: Therefore be it e11olvecl, That this as ociation would welcome any leo-islation which would lead to a fair and equitable adjustment of this question and which would secure to all stockmen a legal tenure of the 1::tnd they use; and further lle8ol-i:ed, That th current reports in Eastern papers that settlers are obstructed in their act of settlement are groundless and untrue, and that all lands suitable for farming are being rapidly and peaceably occupied. 'OilOOL LANDS. 16 aud 36 in each pnrpo e of being applied to , chools TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1017

before the lands of Wyoming were surveyed se.ttlcrs were on many of these sections. The;r filed upon and received patents to portions of them, and the Territory is short a number of sections of school lands. The Territory is also short many school s~ctions in the fractional town­ ships along its borders on the four sides. Selections should be made, without delay~ of a sufficient number of sections to make up this deficiency, before all of the best lands are appropriated by settlement. The Governmeut should also provi

.,UNIVERSI1'Y LANDS.

Under the act of February 18, 1881 (21 Stat., 326)~ 72 sections of land are granted for university purposes. . The agent of the Territory (approved by the Secretary of the In­ terior) is now engaged in making- the selection. I recommend the leasing of these lands, as suggested in the case of school lands. OPENING RESERVA1'IONS. The military reservation of Fort Fetterman lies directly m the path of seYeral proposed railroad lines, and contains lands that can be.easily and successfully irrigated for the production of agricultural crops. It also contains what may become an eligible and useful town site. I recommend that it be immediately sold, in order to avoid delays in railroad building and that it may contribute to the agricultural area that can be occupied. ' I also recommend the opening up for settlement of all abandoned res­ €rvations, and also of the Shoshone Indian Reservation, except what may be necessary for the support of the Indians, or a division in sever­ alty among them. 1018 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TllE INTERIOR.

YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL P .A.RIC

The last legislature repe1tled all Territorial laws referring particularly to the Park, assuming it to be the desire of the Interior Department.

UNITED STATES MAIL. Every go-vernor of this Territory who has been called upon to report to the Secretary of the Interior has recommended, at least once during his term of office, better mail facilities for Wyoming. Governor Hoyt, in his report of 1881, referred to the matter as follows: In view of their remoteness from the great business centers at the East, sparseness ot' population, and the practical difficulties in the way of securing to them mail fa­ cilities proportionate to their real needs, the people of this Rocky Mountain region, in common with the yet more remote, though more populous communities of the Pa­ cific side, have hitherto gratefully received and .Patiently waited. Now, however, the time has come when they feel warranted in making a united and vigorous appeal for an increase of service, at least on the great thoroughfare between the oceans. The warrant is stronger by reason of the fact that such increase has already reached the State of Colorado, and from thence can be the more easily extended yet further westward, and of another fact more important, namely, that tht-o Pacific passenger trains have recently become so heavy as to almost necessitate their division, from which it may be inferred that an extravagant additional compensation would not be necessary to induce the company to run their daily trains in two sections. The following statement of the case adopted at a public meeting recently called at Cheyenne for tbe consideration of this subject is warmly indorsecl: "The citizens of Wyoming in public meeting assembled, at Cheyenne, its capital, this 14th day of November, 1881, respectfully beg leave to call the attention of Con­ gress and the Post-Office Department to the following facts: That the Territories of Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Utah, together with the States of Ore­ gon, Nevada, and California, containing more than 1,500,000 uf people, and rapidly rncreasing in population, are receiving but one daily mail to and from the East and West, via railway; that these mail facilities they had in 1870, when the aggre­ gate population was but 60 per cent. of what it now is; that since that time the country has,grown fully 37 per cent. in population and very largely in wealth; that the States and 'rerritories named have contributed over 600,000 people to the popula­ tion of the nation and greatly to its wealth; that additional mail facilities are needed in the public business ancl social interests in this part of the rapidly-growing and im­ proving far West; and that the interests of all the States and our relations with for­ eign powers demand more mail facilities and greater expedition in the carrying of the mails of this part of the country." Concluding my remarks upon this topic, I deem it proper to say in general terms that while strongly approving a wise economy in the administration of the Govern­ ment, and as strongly condemning all attempts to defraud the people by giving slight ervice for the largest possible compensation, the intelligent, enterprising people of this remote yet rapidly-improving region feel that they are fairly entitled to a liberal and efficient po tal service, though it should even necessitate quite large drafts upon the national Treasury. This quotation refers more particularly to mail service on the trans­ continental railroad line. Although five years have passed since it was written and the population of Wyoming more than trebled during the time, we have yet but one mail per day from either east or west. Governor Hale, in his report of 1883, said : The mail service of Wyoming has for years been inadequate, irregular, and lack­ ing in an intelligently consid red system. With regard to the service by routes other than railway, it is viewed as imperfect. R?utes are still maintain eel between points which, though formerly important, have, ~vith the movement of population, sunk into secondary importance, while, with the mcr~a e of population in other localities, necessary routes have not been established . .A.garn, routes have been discontinued which should have been maintained. ~nother drawback in the mail service in Wyoming is the system of '' making up" mails at many offices for important points only. Mail thus made up is sent sometimes to the outh when it destination is to th~ north of the sendhg office. When it reache~ the encl of the route at the south 1t is repacked and sent north past its origi- nal pom t of departure and on to its destination. ·• .. 'l'ERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1019

There are towns and business centers in Wyoming the business of which is seri­ ously interfered with because of a lack of frequent arrivals and departures of mails. The General Government, in its office of aiding the rapid ~ettlement of its Teui­ tories, could well afford to appropriate more money for a better performance of the mail service in Wyoming. A superintendent of mail service for the Territory would, if conversant with his duties and the Territory's needs, be of great assistance to the people and the Post-Office Department. In_my report for 1885 I mentioned the subject briefly, and as the re­ marks then made are applicable now, I quote: Wyoming Territory is inadequately supplied with post-offices and mail service. The population is scattered over the entire Territory. The settlements may be said to cover nearly 100,000 square miles. The property accumulat,ed, aggregating nearly or quite $100,000,000, is as widely located as the population. The post-offices are so few and the mail routes on which service has been placed are so far apart that little opportunity is afforded, so far as the mails are concerned, for the transaction of the busiuess of the Territory. There are many places where letters and messages are carried at the expense of individuals. , It is to be hoped that the Post-Office Depart­ ment will find it expedient to furnish, without delay, the means for the handling of the mail to the extent which the business and population of the Territory appear to demand. This office is constantly receiving letters, petitions, and complaints, alleging insufficient mail service, and careful investigation proves that the complaints are too often well founded. As an example, the following letter, just received, is submitted:

BUFFALO, JOHNSON COUNTY, WYOMING, September 6, 1886. Hon. FRANCIS E. w ARREN, Governor of Wyoming Territory, Cheyenne, Wyo.: DEAR Sm: I write you on behalf of a committee of citizens and as their secretary to enlist your co-operation in the matters for which we are organized, namely: the procuring of mail facilities in our county such as we believe that we are justly en­ titled to; and in the first instance we desire to state that we have already taken the steps, by petition and the sending of maps and letters, for the establishment of a mail route from this point to Sundance. We raised a purse by subscription and sent two men from here to Sundance to locate the route and have applications made out for post-offices and postmasters. We have also employed the county surveyor of this county to make an accurate and certified plat of the proposed route, and this plat with other papers are now in the Post-Office Department at Washington. We do not think that is so essential to us that we should have communication with Sundance as to forego all mail communications east from Buffalo. Since these steps have been taken the Post-Office Department has appointment a postmaster at Big Red (the Granger Home Ranch of Pratt & Ferris Cattle Company), Olin Austin, the Granger foreman, and Mr. Austin has qualified as such. There are on Clear Creek and below the Big Red Ranch as many more settlers as are located at the Big Red and the vicinity. .We have now employed a mail-carrier to carry mail from Buffalo to Big Red where upwards of 100 people secure mail; we pay him the sum of $10 per week and pay him by private subscription. At the Big Red on Monday afternoon the ranchmen on Clear Creek to its junction wit,h Powder River and the Lower Powder River have a man to meet our carrier, and they exchange mail sacks and mail, and all this at the private expense of these rancbmen. We feel that the Government should take this maUer in hand a.nd we urge and urge them to send inspectors, and no in­ spector shows up. When C. P. Organ was here several weeks ago I ventured to send word to you that the people would like to see you; that I believed that you would find the trip not only a pleasant one, but also a profitable one. We want you to see our country and see our circumstances, and we want to enlist your co-operation in present­ ing our situation to the Government from your own personal knowledge and observa­ tion. If we cannot have the mail route through from Buffalo to Sundance, we think we should -at least have the mail carried from Buffalo to the Lower Powder River, where there are sufficient ranchmen and others to maintain a private mail line for a distance of over 100 miles. We have now in process of preparation also an application for a mail route from Buffalo to Paint Rock and the No Wood country, and here, too, we have now a private line running once a week, and last Saturday night the carrier from No Wood brought in on horseback a sack containing 25 pounds of first-class mail. There is now in that section of our '*1nty 500 inhabitants, and they are settled upon as rich land and in as good a section as Wyoming affords, and they must come 100 miles for their mail. ,, 1020 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

These matters we must not be always compelled to support from private subscription, We have had a letter from Judge Carey, in which he says that in reference to the Sun­ dance Route an inspector has reported adversely. It was this report that made it necessary for the ranchmen on Clear Creek and Powder River to establish a private line. Now we think that if any adverse report was made (as has been said), that the inspector made his tour of inspection while sitting in his easy chair in the chief inspector's office ih Omaha, he certainly has never been seen in this Sf'ction. He may have come here quietly, and as quietly gone away. If such is the fact, we are ouliged to ask what in the world is a post-office inspector for f We are not hiding our light under a bushel in Johnson County, noris it worth our while to try and rob or impose upon the Goverment or its agents, and if an inspector is to be sent out here to examine into the establishment of new routes, we would like to see him and give him facts to work upon, and facts, too, which we are nerfectly willing he should per­ sonally examine into to ascertain if they are facts. Can you not make it possible to again come into Johnson County and see us f We shall be glad to see you and have you examine, yourself, into the resources and requirements of our county. We be­ lieve that you will not regret it, and that such a visit is of great importance, not only to us, but also to yourself and the interests you repree-ent. Very respectfully, CHARLES H. BURRITT, Secretary Citizens' Committee. To limit a new and growing country to such meager mail service as shall oblige its pioneer settlers to club together and run private mail routes is unworthy of our Government and its postal service, and I am sure relief must follow when our true condition is known to Congress and the Postal Department. .As well might the child l>e expected to wear its infant shoes until " of .age" as to expect a territory to develpp and become a state without -constant increase of its mail routes and post-offices as population in­ creases and new localities are inhabited. I venture to bope that the Postal Department will immediately ~fford us every aid possible under present appropriations, and regulations, and that Uongress may consider our urgent needs and take measures .accordingly. LIVE STOCK. The last year has been one of increase and improvement in the gen­ eral live stock business, but the extremely low beef market has had a depressing effect. Oattle-owners have felt somewhat poor, but they are not discouraged, however, knowing that one extreme usually follows another. The i::;heep industry has greatly improved, and a stronger feeling exists at the pre ent time. The wool market has long been depressed and weak, until la.te in 1885, when prices advanced and the market since that time, though not high, bas afforded a reasonable profit to wool­ grower . Hor, e and mules have very largely increased in numbers in this Ter­ ritor. during the pa t two years. More attention is given to breeding and the grade of hor es i rapidly improving, nearly all the stallions now in u e being tLoroughbred and Yery many imported. ·whole 'Orne law Yery generally observed, continue to protect the great in

CATTLE SHIPMENTS. Wy ming in 18 5 hipped cattle as follows (the shipments of 1886 will exc e l tho e of 1 5) :

b:pp d OY ·r th nion Pacific Railroad and inspected at Omaba ancl Council ~luif:,i · • • - •.. ------... --.. -- .. -....••••. -...... • ...... 48, 5ti5 hlJ?P cl ov : the Fr mont, Elkhorn and Mis onri Valley Railroad om Wyo- mtng nn

Shi:r)?ed over the Northern Pacific Railroad and inspected at Saint Paul and Mmnesota Transfer, 70,660 cattle, of which probably one-half were from Wyo- ming .... ______... ___ ... __ ..... _.. . . ___ .. _. __ ... __ .....• _.. _.. . _. ... __.. 35, 330 Shipped over the Burlington and .Missouri Railroad and inspected .at Pacific Junction, 7,713 cattle. Some of these were doubtless from Wyom1~g. Total shipment of 1885, exclusive of Pacific Junction shipments·--··-·· 88,231 All the cattle named above were inspected by representatives of the Wyoming Stock-Growers' Association.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTIC .A.NIM.A.LS. Wyoming-provides for a Territorial veterinarian, paid from the gen­ eral fund, and also provides for indemnity for diseased stock, killed in obedience to law, by a direct tax on all live stock. Applicable laws exist regulating prevention and extinguishment of disease. No contagious fatal disease has been kno":n in Wyoming except glanders in horses, and this has been effectually stamped out. To show how few diseased animals J:i,ave been found, the following is taken from the veterinarian's report. (A few horses have been killed in 1886, but the number is insignificant; exact figures are at present un­ obtainable.) CONDEMNED AS DISEASED,

The following is a list of horses and mules condemned as glandered and destroyed by prder of the Territorial veterinarian, as provided for by chapter 41, laws of 1882, giving appraised vab,10 and amount paid by the Territory; also the cost of appraise­ ment paid by the county commissioners;

Horses or Appraised - Paid. Year. mules. I ·

1882 ·•••·•·•··•··••···•· ··········•· ·•• · ····•••••• .•..•••••..•••.... 4 $182 22 $136 67 1883 ..•..•.••...... ••....••..••••. ·..•..•....•••• •• ••••..•••.• : ••.. .. 32 3,503 60 2,627 70 1884 ..•..•••...••..•.••...... ••..•••.. ····••· •.•.. · .•.....•••... . : .. 26 2,540 41 1,905 31 1885 ...•...... •••.. .•.. ···-·· ...•..•••••....•..•••....••..•••...••. 72 7,169 05 4,779 36 Total ...... •...... ···· · 13, 395 28 9, 449 04

Four horses from other States were destroyed in 1883 and four in 1885. No indem­ nity. Total horses destroyed, 142 ; appraised value, $13,395.28; two-thirds value paid by Territory, $9,449.04; average per horse paid, $70.52; appraisers' fees in 62 places, at $15 each, $980. QU.A.R.A.NTINE. Proclamations of quarantine against different l9calities on account of cattle diseases were issued from time to time from this office in 1885 and 1886. During the present year no cattle have bee:;:i_ placed in quarantine in Wyoming, although more than 50,000 head, coming to the Territory from Eastern and Southern points, have been inspected. Regarding the effects pf quarantine regulations during 1885, the fol. lowing is quoted from tne Territorial veterinarian's report: The number of cattle which have entered the Territory of Wyoming by rail during the seven months from April 1 to November 1, 1885, during all of which time the local quarantine was.t,trictly enforced. From this it aJ;>pears that the importations came from seventeen States and Terri­ tories besides the provinces of Canada. 1022 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

That 52,791 head sought admission during·the period named. Of these 52,306 head were passed without detention, of which 9,964 head were strictly Texas cattle, and 15,170 more were from the kindred localities of New Mexico and Indian Territory. But 485 head were detained in all, these being held for various periods within ninety days, according to the circumstances, and of those thus detained none were Texan, New Mexican, or Indian cattle. The interruption to trade was therefore trifling, and the inconvenienM to individ· nals far slighter than could have been anticipated, considerin;g the volume of business transacted. The inconvenience and expense, such as it was, fell chiefly upon resi· dents of the Territory who were bringing valuable stock from the States east of the Missouri, and was felt by them generally to be a small burden for the immunity from danger thus secured.

WYOMING STOCK·GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. This association, now nearly :fifteen years old, is the largest of its kind in the world. Its existence has been one of unbroken harmony, growth, and pros· perity and its influence is most remarkable. It organized with ten members, representing 20,000 head of cattle, and now has over 400 members, representing 2,000,000 cattle, more than 100,000 horses, several hundred thousand sheep, with real estate and plant worth in all more than $ I 00,000,000. Its object is to assist officers of the law in apprehending criminals who prer upon the live.stock interests, to inspect all cattle leaving the country, returning or accounting for all strays to owners, to secure CO· operation of its members and others in the round.ups and handling of stock, to assist in preventing the introduction of contagious diseases and to suppress such if found and, in fact, to protect live.stock growers generally. I introduce some :figures from its 1886 report to show what this as80· ciation is doing :

RECEIPTS. Dues for 1885 ...... • ...... • . . • . • ...... $3, 570 00 Assessment for 1885 ...... •••.•.•.••• _...... 37,227 72 Entrance fees for 1885 ...... •••...... •.•. ____ ...... 975 00 Strays and hides received in 1883-'84 ...•••...... •....•••.. _...... 1, 151 33 Proceeds of bills payable now outstanding ...... ••...••....••.•..... _ 10, 500 00 53,424 05 DISBURSEMENTS. Deficitof1884 ...... •.....••...... $12,487 49 Assessment, 1884, collected after April 1, 1885...... • • • . . . • • . . . 9, 046 12 Deficjt, 1884, net ...... • ...... • • . . . ~, 441 37 Inspection account...... • ...... • • • ...... 26,092 19 Detective bureau...... 15,511 85 General exp en es ...... • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . • . 7, 161 25 Advance on account, lfl86 ...... •....•.•...•. ___ •. _. _. 589 84 ---- 52, 796 50 Balance in hands of treasurer .....•...... ••..•.•••.•••.• _..•.... 627 55

MEMORANDUM. • ~ebt r pre nted by bills payable, less ca h in treasury...... 9,372 45 st1mated amount due from members this date...... 7,500 00 • TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1023

INSPECTION.

The following schedule shows the inspection work for the past year:

Total. Strays.

At Omaha, Council Bluffs, covering shipments over the Union Pacific Railway, in­ clndinO' the Julesburg branch .•••...••...... 94, 616 1,199 .At Paci:Jic Junction, Iowa, over the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad ...... 7,713 201 At Missouri Valley and Clinton, Iowa, over the Sioux City, and Pacific, and Uhicago and Northwestern Railroatls ...... ••...... -· 34,339 213 .At Saint Paul Minn. over the Northern Pacific Railroad ...... 70,660 931 .At Standing Rock, F~rt Pierre, Cheyenne River, and Lower Brule Indian .Agen- cies, Dak ...... ••••...... •••..•..•..•.•...... 5,248 54 .At Rosebud Indian .Agency, Dak ...... -...... •• -•. ---••. -.•...••• -. --... - . --.. . 14,337 62 At Camp Clark, Nebr., and Fort Laramie, Wyo ...•.•••....••...... - . ... . 67,735 63 Hides and cattle sold to butchers, inspected at Deadwood and Custer City, Dak.; Lander City, Fort Washakie, Wyo.; and Fort Collins, Colo ...... 4,764 Cattle killed on Union Pacific Railway, main line and Julesburg branch .....••..... 343 --- 299,407 ---3,066

I The 3,066 strays whose value has been saved or returned to the owners represent $122,000. \ In addition to the above reports in detail, a vast number of cattle have been in­ spected by us at the following points, and hundreds of them returned directly to the owners' ranges, viz: At Custer and Miles City, Mont.; Laramie City, Rawlins, Buffalo, Sundance, and Fort Fetterman, Wyo.; and Fort Robinson and Chadron, Nebr .

.AGRICULTURE. Increased attention is being given to agricultural pursuits. The de­ velopment of this interest has progressed faster during the past year than any other industry in the Territory.

IRRIG.A.'.l'ION. As agriculture depends almost entirely upon water artificially ap­ plied, great progress. is being made in the taking out of canals and ditches and turning water upon the heretofore barren lands. As an example of what is being done and what is intended, there have been recorded within four months in the district comprising t he southeast portion of Laramie County more than five hundred canals and ditches, extending over 1,000 miles in length and covering at least 100,000 acres of land. The district mentioned does not contain one-twentieth of the area of Wyoming. A part of the land covered by ditches is that sold by the Union Pa­ cific Railway Company; but the larger portion consists of desert en­ tries, under which entrymen are, in good faith, reclaiming the arid lands contained in their claims.

MINING. The Territory of Wyoming contains a great variety of mineral wealth, detailed descriptions of which can be found in previous reports from this office; also in the report of the Territorial geologist, which can be had on application. Prospecting bas been carried on in many localities during the past year with favorahle results. A large number of com­ panies have kept in constant employment a large force of men in de­ veloping the oil regions of Central and Northern Wyoming. 1024 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. A new company, composed of strong business men, has recently been formed for the purpose of erecting, in Cheyenne, smelting, reduction, and refining works for the treatment of ores within a convenient dis­ tance of the city, more particulal'ly those found at the Silver Crown mining district, 20 miles northwest of Cheyenne. Since my last report· a large amount of work has been done in the Silver Crown mining district. The .Fairview property has been pur­ chased by a wealthy syndicate, and the shaft extended to a depth of 100 feet, showing a good ore body the entire depth. The Eureka and Cleveland properties have also passed into the bands of capitalists and have been sufficiently developed to warrant the company in commenc­ ing active operations at an early day. A shaft, 6 by 8 and l 0 feet deep, has been i:mnk on the following prop­ erties, showing a good ore-body in each: General Maxwell, Thunder Cloud, Pacific, Chicago, Good Venture, Last Chance, Jessamine, Cham­ pion, Champion No. 2, and Wyoming. The following have shafts from 20 to 30 feet deep, viz: Indicator, Vickery, General Grant, Chicago, Yankee Boy, P. J., Fundamental, J\leerscbaum, Boston, Leadville, Crysolite, Eureka, Crown Point, South­ ern Belle, Little Nugget, and many others. The Carbonate Belle, Southern Belle, Leadville, and Crown Point properties have been pur­ chased by parties abundantly able to develop them, and work is being actively pushed in tbat direction. The Carbonate Belle shaft has been sunk to the depth of 100 feet, and a cross-cut run to the west 140 feet and to the east for 35 feet. The cross-cut to the west passes through a solid body of ore 40 feet. in width, carrying a large amount of mineral, of which Profe8sor Aughey, Territorial geologist, who is now very sick from the effects of poison inhaled while in the discharge of his official dutie~, dictates: The value of tho work done on the Carbonate belt consists in this, first, that it reveals the presence of a very large body of gold ores. These ores vary much in character. Some of them are highly refractory, so much so that they have tested the highest skill and ability of assayers, chemists, and metallurgists. Some of the ores which have been pronounced worthless are now proven to be, by the most ap­ proved appliances, of great commercial value and importance. These range in value from $10 to $100 per ton. It is their very large quantity which makes them of especial value and importance. The indications are that one of the most important of these belts is over 5 miles in length from north to south, the spurs extending westerly. Among the kinds of ores found along this belt are the following: (1) DarJc, black, greenish quartz, containing more or less manganese, iron, talc, ser- pentine, &c. (2) More or loss variously colored honeycombed quartz. (3) Variously colored manganese schists and talcose rocks. Many other kinds of rocks are he1·e encountered, but in a brief statement it is im­ possible to enumerate them. Thus far the richest ores seem to be embraced in the darkest-colored rock, the second richest in those that are a shade lighter. In the darkest-colored rocks, or ores, there are an infinite number of minute crystals of iron bi-sulphides and other compounds of iron, manganese, and other minerals. It is these microscopically minute crystals of iron compounds that carry a large proportion of the gol

CHEYENNE, WYO., September 19 1886. Governor F. E. WARREN, Cheyenne, Wyo. : DEAR Sm: In reply to your request for some facts in regard to what the parties with whom I am connected in mining matters. have been doing in the way of devel­ opment and improvement of mining property, will say, that last winter and early sprino- we only did the annual assessment work on several claims, among which are the if'Texarkana," "J. I. C.," ''Austin," Potomac," "Copperbottom," "Lenox," ancl "Copper King." On the Lenox we continued work to the depth of IOO feet, and ran a drift 50 feet at that level. This property bids fair to make a paying mine of lead and silver. Some very good ore of that character bas already been taken out, ancl the vein is well defined, with two good walls, in granitic rock. Several other pros­ peci.s contiguous to the Lenox show the same charaeter in tho shallow wqrkings that have been made in them. Some of the samples of ore from the Lenox have assayed upwards of 60 ounces of upwards silver and as many per cent. of lead, but deeper working is needed to prove the prospects. About the 20th of May last we commenced work to erect a stamp-mill, with con­ centrating attachments, with a view to working the ores of the Copper King, and testing ores from the ot,her prospects in the district. The mill is now on its trial :run. The contract with the builders requires it to work 40 tons per day. It bids fair to be a success. · Enough is already proven to insure the adaptability of the method to the reduction of the ores of the Copper King and other claims adjoining. For three months past we have been working a force of men on the Copper King mine, and mined about 1,000 tons of ore, principally by drifting on a level 132 feet be­ low the surface at different directions from the main shaft of the mine. The ore seems to be inexhaustible, of copper and iron pyrites, carrying gold and silver, with quite a showing of native copper. The first of this month we let a contract to sink the main shaft 100 feet deeper, and three8-hour shifts are now being worked daily on the job in the expectation of reach­ ing the depth within sixty days from the time of starting. We have spent the past year, in working and building, about $40,000. The ore of the Copper King runs an average of about $16 per ton, about three-fourths of this value being in gold, the balance in silver and copper. We anticipate a higher rate of ore on reaching the next 100 feet depth, and expect to increase our facilities for both min­ ing and reduction of the ores. Very respectfully yours, JAMES ADAMS. It is safe to predict that the attention of the whole world will, at no distant time, be directed to Wyoming on account of her oil and other mineral productions. RAILROADS. The Territory has hereto fore suffered much for lack of proper rail­ road facilities, but the past year has brought activity and progress. The Wyoming Central has completed some 80 miles of new road and has about as many miles now in process of grading. The Cheyenne and Northern has graded about 90 miles, and the iron is now being laid. Both of these roads are to extend entirely across the Territory, one from east to west, the other from south to north. The Union Pacific Railroad is operating- Miles. Its main line in the Territory .. __ ...• _. _. _...... _. _____ ... __ ... ___ ...... 489 Denver Pacific Railway.-·····---··----··--·-···---· ...• ··---··----··----·.... 10 Colorado Central Rail way .. ___ .... _••.• _.•. ____ .... __ .. ____ .. ____ ...• __ •. ____ . 9 Soda Lake Branch Railway . ____ ·----· ·----· ··---· •..• ·-·· ····-· ··--·· .••••• .. 14 Oregon Short Line Rail way _ . __ • _.. _. _•... _••••. _•. ____ • __ ••. ___ ·-... ___ .. ____ . 92 New lines are being surveyed and other railroad corporations are ex­ pected to enter the Territory.

6737 I-VOL 2--65 1026 REPOR'r OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

EDUCATION.AL. The school reports for 1886 are not yet accessible, the annual reports for the year from county superintendents not having been received by the TerrHorial superintendent of public instruction. In 1885 there were 83 public-school buildings, representing an outlay of over $150,000. Number of schools taught ...... • . • . . . • ...... • ...... 1:14 'reacbers employed...... 150 Pupils enrolled ...... •...... •...... • _. • ...... • ...... 4, 354 Average salary, per month, paid teachers, about $55 . .A. convent -building at Cheyenne was erected in 1885 at a cost of over $50,000. The" Sisters'" school at Laramie City, and numerous private schools and kindergarten throughout the Territory accommodate about one-fourth as many scholars as those enrolled at public schools. The reports for 1886 will show a very large increase over previous years. NEW TOWNS. New towns are constantly springing up throughout the Territory, and their growth is often marvelous. As an instance of this may be men­ tioned the new town of Douglas, in Albany County, situated on the North Platte River, near old Fort Fetterman. The Wyoming Central Railroad, in building their line across the Territory,located the town site with land scrip, and advertised that they would sell town lots on August 30, 1886, the day on which the first passenger train was to arrive at Douglas. It was also generally understood that Douglas was to be the terminus of the railroad until the following spring. Paper maps were prepared and distributed, showing the blocks, size and location of lots, and names of the principal streets. On the morning of the sale the sage brush was cut down at the inter­ s.ection of the two principal streets far enough each way to show the points of the compass, and at 2 o'clock p. m., in a cold driving rain storm, the sale, at auction, was commenced. The first lot offered was 25 by 120 feet, and brought $550. It was followed by the sale of a block and a half, in separate lots, aggregating $25,000, when a torrent of rain began to fall at 4 p. m., and the auction adjourned until the next morning. On renewing the sale lots 20 by 100 feet brought, in some cases, as high as $1,200 each, the total sales amounting to over $70,000. Before the sale was over men commenced excavating for buildings, and the sound of the hammer could be heard in all directions. The number of people present-in tended in.habitants-was estimated at fully one thousand. The to·wn of Lusk, Laramie County, on the line of the Wyoming Central Railroad, is another illustration of the rapid growth of new towns. It bad nearly 200 inhabitants before any building was far enough ad­ Tanced to paint. At the present time the town, only a few weeks old, has a number of ubstantial business blocks and dwellings.

PUilLIC BUILDINGS.

The penitentiary at Laramie Oitv i the only public building owned

v the United State . V The Territory ha , at present, no public buildings. TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1027 At the last session of the legislature, $230,000, in bonds,, was author.­ ized to be issued, divided as follows: A capitol building, $150,000, to be ., erected at Cheyenne; university, $50,000, at Laramie City; and an insane asylum, $30,00U, at Evanston. · The bonds of the Territory were ordered issued for the total amount, and payable in 15 to 35 years, with 6 per cent. annual interest. Wyo­ ming has contracted no other indebtedness. The bonds were readily contracted for at prices ranging from $1.05 to $1.0836 on the dollar, and are to be issued and delivered as fonds are needed in the construction of the several buildings. The various counties of the Territory own, or have fa process of con­ struction, substantial court-houses and jails built of brick or stone, while the larger towns are provided with fine school buildings. Tbe municipal corporations are also furnished with excelleJJ.t city and town buildings. The attention of Congress should be called at its next session to reim­ bursing the Territory for its expenditure of $150,000 for a capitol build­ ing with a view to providing suitable offices for the legislative assem­ bly, Territorial officers, and United States courts. The amount of rent now paid by the United States in this Territory would pay a reasonable interest on the cost of new capitol building, if owned by the Govern- ment. · Congress bas in some instances provided public buildings in other Territories. Pli~NITENTIAR,Y.

The United States owns a penitentiary at Laramie City; the Territory owns none. · Territorial convicts are sentenced to Joliet, Ill., or Lincoln, Nebr., under a law which permits the authorities of the Territory to designate as Wyoming penitentiaries such institutions in other States as may be selected for the purpose. CONVICTS. Relating to convicts, I present a report of the chairman of the board of penitentiary commissioners for Wyoming Territory: CHEYENNE, WYO., Septembe1· 23, 1886. Hon. FRANCIS E. WARREN, Governor of Wyoming Ter1·itory : Sm: In reply to your letter of this date, I have the honor to inclose herewith a re­ port of the number and condition of the Wyoming convicts, now confined in the various Territorial " contract penitentiaries" abroad, under and by virtue of existing contracts between tho authorities thereof and this board of commissioners. At the present date there are confined and undergoing sentence "\Vyoming convicts as follows, to wit : Joliet, Ill ______. ____ . __ , _.. ____ .. ______. _... ______74 Lincoln, Nebr ______·---·--- .. ______·----·______5 Total in confinement ______- __ -- ____ . ____ . __ . ____ . ______. ____ ~. __ 79 I desire to report, in addition to the foregoing, that the board of penitentiary com missioners have from time to time personally visited and inspected the convicts at the two prisons above mentioned, and find them in as good condition as could be expected under the circumstances, so far as health and general appearance is con­ cerned; also, that they are treated with every degree of consideration and humanity which their condition and the rules of the prisons in which they are confined will possibly admit of. LUKE MURRIN, Chairman. 1028 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. There have been five pardons issued from this office during the past year and two sentences have been commuted, allowing the convict '' good time" in addition to that given by prison regulations.

TERRITORIAL F .A.IR. The first Territorial fair was held September 14 to 18 (inclusive), 188G, and was successful beyond the expectations of the most sanguine. The forming of a Wyoming fair association was first agitated last spring. Eighty acres ofland lying on the new Cheyenne and Northern Railroad, a short distance west of Cheyenne, was purchased for $15,000. The tract contains many fine shade trees, miniature lakes, and an abun­ dance of water. The association properly in.closed the ground, prepared an excellent race-track, erected suitable amphitheaters, exhibition halls, stables, sheds, pens, &c., and have now one of the finest ''plants,; for tbe purpose to be found in the Northwest. The cash premiums ottered at the late fair amounted to some $7,000, with special premiums offered by private parties of several hundred

COUNTY FAIRS. Johnson County enjoys the distinction of being the first and only one which has held a county agricultural and ~tock fair. This county held its first fair at Big Horn City in 1885, and has just completed its second annual exhibition at the same place. In addition to the excellent showing of domestic animals, agricultural product in great variety and of superior excellence were exhibited. Good sound corn, common leaf tobacco, hemp, sugar-cane, sweet pota toe , wheat, barley, oats, timothy hay, with heads ten to twelve inche long, turnip ten iuches in diameter~ cabbages as large as a tub, with wat rmelon , pumpldns, and squashes of equal size, and tomatoes, Irish potatoc , cucumber , and many other vegetables correspondingly ~ large (a well as floral collections) were shown in quantity; while crab-apple , grapes, and apples o er ten inches in circumference were 1. o hown-all being the products of Johnson County. _... Ianufactured articles and implements, merchandi e, works of art mrn ral an curiosities and relics, were also well represented. TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1029

LEGISLATURE. Under United States statutes, the legislature of Wyoming consists of twelve members of the council and twenty-four members of the house of representatives. This number is too small. It is dangerous to trust the affairs of this great Territory in the hands of so few men, for the reason, first, the Ter­ ritory is so vast in area and has so many and varied interests that not all, nor nearly all, the interests can be represented with so few mem­ bers; and, second, in a legislative body individual responsibility does not exist to the same extent as in executive affairs, and the more mem­ bers the greater safety against hasty or corrupt legislation. The compensation for members of tbe legislature should also be in­ creased. In Wyoming members cannot meet their personal expenses with the $4 per diem allowed by law. Poor men, if competent, should not be disbarred from becoming members of the legislature. I submit the following proceedings fctr your information :

PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE TERRITORIAL BOARD OF APPORTIONMENT.

CHEYENNE, ,vYo., September 6, 1886. By virtue of an act of Congress to legalize tha election of the Territoriallegislative assembly of Wyoming Territory, approved January 19, 1886, and also an act, ap­ proved June 3, 1880, Francis E. Warren, governor; E. S. N. Morgan, secretary; and J. W. Blake, president of the council of the ninth legislative assembly, convened as a board of apportionment, at Cheyenne, Wyo., September 6, 1886, to reapportion members of the tenth legislative assembly of Wyoming upon the basis of the voting population as shown by the number of votes cast for Delegate to Congress in Novem­ ber, 1884, allotting members of each house of the legislative asseinbly to the different sections of the Territory, pro rata, as nearly as practicable according to such popu­ lation. On motion, Governor Warren was elected chairman and President Blake secretary. On motion, Robert C. Morris was appointed assistant secretary. Secretary Morgan submitted for the consideration of the board a statement of the official vote in November, 1884, for Delegate in Congress, which was as follows:

Vote fo1· Delegate, 1884.

County. Carey. Holliday. Scattering. Totals.

1,424 1,085 ...... 2,509 !!~t~ii :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1,022 884 1 1,907 Fremont ...... ··-··· ...... 363 290 10 663 Johnson ...... •...... 675 637 5 1,317 Laramie ...... ········-·· ...... 2,448 1,471 ...... -... 3,919 Sweetwater ...... •...... 654 412 ·------·· 1,066 Uinta·--············································· (i39 807 3 1,449 Total ...... ·-···· · ·-··-...... 7,225 5,586 19 12,830

On motion it was agreed that the board, in making the apportionment, would take into consideration the law of 1886, changing the boundary lines of Sweetwater, Car­ bon, and Albany Counties, and a]so the organization of Crook County, since the elec­ tion of 1884. 1030 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR.

After due considerat:on it was unanimously agreed that the Territory of Wyoming be divided into eight council and eight representative districts, entitled to represen­ tation in the tenth legislative assembly, respectively, as follows: Council.

Represeut. Council district. County. atives.

No. I .•.•••.....•••••...... •.....••••. Laramie ...... •...... •.. 3 No. 2 ••••.•••••••.••••••••••••• •••••••••••••• Laramie and Crook ...... •...... 1 No. 3 .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .Albany ...... •...••.•••...•..•... 3 No. 4 ••.•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Carbon ...... ••...... •••••..•.•.... 2 No. 5 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. Johnson .....••••..•...... •..••.•••...... 1 No. 6 •••.•••.••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••. Sweetwater ...... •...... 1 No.7 ...... •..••.••...•.•.....••...•.....•.•. Fremont and Uinta ...... 1 No.8 ...... Uinta ...... •... 1 Total •...... •..••...... ••...... 12

House.

Represent­ Representative district. County. atives.

No.1 ...... Laramie...... ••...... : ..•...... 7 No.2 ...... Crook ...... •••...•••...... •...... 1 Nu.3 ...... •...•...... ••• .Albany ...... •...•...•••..... 5 No.4 ...... Carbon ..•..•••.•..•..•.•...•••••.....•...... 3 No.5 ...... ••...... ••..••••••...... Johnson ...... •••...•••.•...... •.•.•...... " No.6 .....•.•..••....••...... •.•..•...... Sweetwater .••...... •.•.•••...... •.•..•.... 2 No.7 ...... ••...... •...... Fremont ...... •...... •.•...... 1 No.8 ...... Uinta ...... •.•...... ••••...... 3 Total ...... ···············•········ .•••••...... •...... 24

On motion the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, That the Delegate in Congress for Wyoming be requested to use his best efforts to secure the necessary action by Congress to largely increase the members of both houses of the legislative assembly, in order that a proper apportionment can be readily made and that the even number of members be changed to an odd number, to avoid the difficulties arising from a tie vote. On motion the boaru. acljourneu. sfoe die. FRANCH; E. WARREN, Governor. E. S. N. MORGAN, Secretary of the Ten·itory. J. W. BLAKE, President of the Council, Ninth Legislative Assembly. The following is a copy of the legislative document passed at the last session, asking for an increased compensation for members of the legis­ lature: COMPENSATION OF LEGISLATORS. [llouse joint resolution and memorial, No. 4.) To the honorable the Senate a.ml Honse of Representatives of the Unitecl States in Congresss assembled. Your meruorialist , the ninth legislative assembly of the Territory of Wyoming, re pectfully represent that the present compensation now allowed by the General Gov­ ernment for the members of the legislative assembly of this Territory is but $4 per day, a um totally inadequate to meet the expenses of members attending session , owing to the fact that the cost of living in this Territory is, perhaps, greater than in any oth"'r State or Territory in the Union; and your memorialists would further rep­ re ent that salaries and wages in the ordinary avocations of life are correspondingly high, book-keepers and clerks receiving from $100 to $150 per month, and such occu­ pations are unattended with the expenses incurred by members of the legislature, who_ are al o compelled to neglect their profe sions and occupations in order to attend tho mtere ts of the public; and your memorialists would further represent that men TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1031

of limited means are unable to accept an election to the legislature by reason of the expenses attending the same, an_d for this reason a large cJ_as~ of citizens are deparred from representation in the legislature_; an~ your memonahsts would further rep~e".' sent that the members of the ninth leg1slat1ve assembly have been compelled to dis, charo-e their duties as law-makers with pecuniary loss to themselves by reason of the inad~quacy of the compensation, and that they verily believe that the compensati_on for members of the leo-islature should not be less than $8 per day, and that such in­ crease of compensatio~ should apply to future assemblies of the Territory.

RECOMMEND.A.TIO NS.

I very respectfully offer the following recommendations: That the alleged inclosure of certain public lands, alternating with railroad sections, receive attention and necessary legislation; that cer­ tain public lands be either leased or sold ; that final proofs upon public lands by bona-fide settlers be made easier, and that United States pat­ ents may speedily issue after final proof and necessary inspection, exer­ cising, in the mean time, care to prevent fraud; that the school and university lands be leased, and thus made useful to the schools and Ter­ ritory while young and poor, instead of reserving them entirely until admitted as a State; also, that barren school sections be exchanged for more productive ones; that no existing privileges under land laws be repealed as regards Wyoming; and that reclamation by irrigation of desert lands be more thoroughly considered. (See articles on" Public domain,"" Fencing alternate railroad sections," "School and university !ands," pages 4 to 15.) That the abandoned Fort Fetterman militarv reservation be sold and other reservations be opened to· settlement. (See page 15.) That Wyoming's mail facilities be greatly increased without delay. (See pages 16 to 18.) That Congress reimburse Wyoming for money expended in erecting the Territorial capitol, the Government to own the building and occupy for Federal offices, courts, &c. (see page 24), and that if the United States does not reimburse the Territory, I recommend that Congress amend the Territorial restriction act, passed last session, so that the Territory may incur an indebtedness for building a capitol on the same basis allowed for building "penal, educational, and charitable institu­ tions." The building of a central portion of the capitol is provided for, but additional funds will be necessary to complete the structure now being built. That Congress increase the number of members allowed for the leg­ islative assembly of Wyoming, and also increase their compensation. To increase the number is very important. (See pages 27 to 29.) I earnestly renew the recommendations made in my report for 1885 : That four Un~ted States judges should be provided for ·wyoming Territory, instead of three, as at present ; because, first, the :field is a large one; litigation is growing with ~he in.creaile of pcJpulation, and the labor of the judges steadily increasing; sec­ ond, m case of appeal to the supreme court of the Territory, the judge sitting on a case below must again sit in judgment upon his first decision, while, were there fom judges, t he supreme court could try cases with three, none of whom had before coosidered the same ca.se. That appointments to Territorial offices be made from the citizens of the Territory, so far as mav be . . That the· delegate in Congress from Wyoming (and, in fact, from all the Territo­ ries) shall ue ,ested with t,he same rights and powers of legislation as members of Congress from the several States. That the people of the Territories shall be given the privilege and right of vo:ino- in the elections for President of the United States. 0 That the case of Wyoming be considered as to Statehood at Jhe eai'liest reasonable

CONCLUSION. I close my report by presenting facts and statistical figures, tables, &c., which may be useful as showing the progress and development of the Territory. Should this report fall in the hands of any who desire more detailed information of Wyoming, I will be pleased to forward, upon applica­ tion, copies of the report of 1885, containing facts and descriptive mat­ ter concerning the Territory not herein contained. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANCIS E. W ARRE.N, Governor. Hon. L. Q. C. LAMAR, Secretary of the Interior WYOMING.

1870. Population, 9,118. 1880. Popufotion, 20,789. 1886. Estimated, population, 75,000. ,v yoming was organized under an act of Congress passed .July 25, 1868, and derives its name from the historic Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, the scene of a barbar­ ous massacre just after the American- Revolution of 1776. 'l'he name, which is sup­ }lOsed to be ·a corruption of the Indian word "Maughwauame," signifies large plains; and, while it may not :fitly describe the topography of Wyoming Territory, it perpet- uates a cherished name in our history. ' Wyoming covers an area of nearly 100,000 square miles, being about 365 miles in length and 275 miles in width, an area equal to the States of New York, Pennsylva­ nia, and Massachusetts combined. It is bounded on the north by Montana; east by Nebraska and Dakota; south by Colorado ·and Utah, and on the west by Montana, . Idaho, and Utah. · The surface of the country may be described as mountainous, with valleys, bold bluffs, foot bills, and broad rolling plains. There are mountains capped with everlast­ ing snow, deep canons and gorges, and elevated plateaus or natural parks like the great Yellowstone National Park. Of this area of the '£erritory more than 15,000,000 acres are covered with timber, and 10,000,000 capable M being successfully cultivated, but the greater part of the Territory is adapted to grazing. The mean elevation is about 6,000feet, the extremes being from about 3,400 feet to nearly 14,000 feet, and in most of the valleys, in order to carry on farming, it is necessary to irrigate. The soil is of various qualities, but usually a rich loam is found in the valleys and plains. Farming, however, is carried on only on a limited scale, the chief industry being stock-raising. This industry comprises fully three-fourths of the entire wealth of tbe Territory. At the present time there are over 2,000,000 cattle, 1,000,000 sheep, and 125,000 horses and mules, worth in round numbers over $75,000,000. Gold and silver have been discovered in various parts of the Territory, and in time must become a source of great wealth. Coal in vast quantities is found in almost every county, varying from 4 to 40 feet in thickness. There are also mountains of iron, and vast deposits of gypsum, soda, salt, sulphur, copper, lead, tin, mica, and other minerals; also marble, granite, sandstone, mineral paint, kaolin, tire-clay, graph­ ite, cinnibar, and magnesium. Very extensive oil basins of petroleum exist in Cen­ tral and Northern ·wyoming, and their development will doubtless prove a leading industry. With the exception of coal, hardly any of the mineral wealth of Wyoming Territory can be said to be developed. The extension of railroads throughout Central and Northern Wyoming will, however, bring about a great change in those undevel­ oped regions, and a wonderful impetus given to increasing their wealth. The Union Pacific running through Southern Wyoming has for years afforded quick transportation of cattle to the East, at a rate that admitted of competition with other points, and has induced the investment of millions of capital in the stock industry. With the extension of the Fr','lmont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley (Wyoming Central) Railroad through Central Wyoming within the next year, and the building of the Cheyenne Northern, an immense region of valuable country will be open to s~ttle.­ ment and development-a country that is particularly adapted to agriculture and stock-raising. The valley of the Platte, with an elevation not exceeding 5,000 feet for several hundred miles, and fed by numerous tributaries, will afford' opportunity for thousands of farmers to take up land and carry on farming and stock-raising success­ fully, while the development ()f the mineral wealth of the Territory will furnish a. market for the greater part of their productions. The :financial standing of Wyoming as a Territory is very high, its affairs having been well managed since ite organization. Tbe wealth of the Territory has nearly doubled within the past four years. On January 1, 1886, there was a cash balance on hand of $31,175.45, and no outstanding obligations. The financial condition of the 1033 1034 REPORT OF TIIE SECRETARY Ol!, THE INTERIOR. ileveral counties and cities is also good, economical aml careful m::magement h:rvincr been the rule, with very few exceptions. e The climate of ·wyoming is healthful, mild, eqnablc, and salubrious, cool in sum­ mer and averaging warm in winter, with but few snow storms; and the stormy wind which usually accompany a fall of snow prevent the coI."lplete covering of the ground, and winter grazing for live stock can be depended. upon. Large rivers, with numerous tributaries, so distributed as to water nearly all sec­ tions, furnish food-fishes a,nd water for live stock and irrigating purposes. Nutritious grasses, which cure where they grow, furnish abundant winter, as well as summer, food for domestic animals and wild game, which is plentiful. No fatal contagjous diseases exist among cattle, sheep, or swine, and none with horses except a few unimportant cases of glanders. The Territory supports, from its general fund, a skillful veterinarian, and provides funds to pay for diseased stock condemned and killed, by a special levy upon all live stock. ·wyoming's :financial standing-public, corpomte aml private-is vei·y much above t he general average. Schoois are taught when (scholars enough attend, and excellent talent is employed to teach. The churches of Wyoming are yet young, but many new and costly edifices and large and appreciative audiences give promise of a very satisfactory future. Wyoming bas a law library of over 10,000 volumes. Other public libraries are found in the large towns. ·wyoming contains nearly all the fraternal, charitable, literary, dramatic, and other societies usually represented in older countries, and all seem :flourishing. Among them are Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, library associations (with ma,ny good libraries), Irish ancl other benevolent societies, Good Templars, Aca.demy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Grand Arm:v of the Republic, bicycle club~, socia.l and business clnbs, fire companies, labor associations, &c. The social status of Wyoming is excellent. ·woman suffmge continues as popular as when first permitted, fifteen years ago. The women nearly all vote, and neither political party objects. The Indians of Wyoming are peaceful, and are being educated to mechanic::tl and farming pursuits. The Yellowstone National Park is largely within the limits of the Territory, and Wyoming's cWzens are proud of "The Wonderland." There are many lakes and rivers, with numerous branches, distributed throughout the entire Territory, watering large tracts, also furnishing food-fishes. Wild game abounds, and its slaughter is :regulated by Territorial laws, to insure its preservation and its use to inhabitants of Wyoming. The birds of Wyoming include about 125 speciei,.

ALB.d..NY COUNTY. Location.-East; area about 7,000 square miles. Natural features.-Surface partly mountainous, partly plains; large forests; soil fertile in valleys and plains. Stock-raising chief industry. Manufactures of a,11 kinds in 1880 only fourteen; capital invested, $251,203; hands employed, 233 ; value of products, $391,880. <..:ounty-seat, Laramie City; population 1880, 2,696, in 1886 estimated between 4,000 and 5 000; situateu on Big Laramie River, 67 miles northwest of Cheyenne, on Union Paci tic Railway; town-site located 1868; is an important market for wool, the prod­ uct trilmtaryto Laramie averaging over 1,500,000pounds yearly; supplies numerous camps of lumbermen, minors, and ranchmen; has two newspapers, the Daily and Weekly Boomerang and Weekly Sentinel; has a well-equjpped fire department, good water-system, electric light, telephone exchange, opem house, six churches, and all the appointments of a thoroughly prosperous place. Extensive car-shops and rolling- nill of th Union Pacific Railway are located here, two planing-mills, soda work , ~pik mill, tannery, and glove factory. Besides a fine public school, erected at a cost of over, '30,000, tbero is a privn.te chool conducted by the Sisters of Charity; also a ho pital und r the care oftb Catholic Sisters. 'fhe University of Wyoming was lo­ cated by the la. t 1 gi

great, it bein()' situated in the midst of the Laramie Plains, and almost surrounded by snow-capped0mountains and picturesque hills, which add greatly to the beauty of the place, and furnish an inexhaustible supply of water for irrigating purposes.

CARBON COUNTY.

Location.--Central; area over 12,000 square miles. Naturalfeatures.-Surface partly mountainous, partly pla,ins; comprises a large part of Laramie Plains; soil of the plains fertile; large beds of soda and bituminous coal; iron and petroleum. Stock-raising chief industry. Manufacturing establishments of all kinds in 1880, nine; capital invested, $19,600; hands employed, 29; value of products, $41,955. County-seat, Rawlins; population in 1880, 1,451; in 1886, estimated between 2,000 :md 3,000; situated on the Union Pacific Railway, 193 miles west of Cheyenne; lo~ _cated in 1868, at the time of building Union Pacific Railway; contains four churches, excellent public schools, water works, and fire department; has three newspapers·Tri­ Weekly Journal, Tribune, published weekly, and Laborette; is the center and natural supply market of a large stock-raising district; also important freighting point to Lan­ der, Fort ·washakie, and Buffalo, north, and White River Agency, Colorado, south. Extensive car-shops of the Union Pacific Railway, employing over one hundred men, are located here; fine quarries of sandstone have recently been opened, and carry on n, large and extensive business; there is also an inexhaustible deposit of red oxide, which supplies a valuable mineral paint; on account of its superior ·quality Ma pre­ servative of iron, the Brooklyn Bridge was painted from ore obtained from this mine. A new public-school building in course of construction at Rawlins will cost $25,000.

CROOK COUNTY,

Location.-Northeast, bordering north on Montana and east on Dakota; area about 10,500 square miles. Natural features.-Surface mountainous, with rolling plains and valleys. Stock-raising leading industry; valleys are well adapted to agriculture, little irri­ gation·being required. The county was only organized in 1885, but with the exten- sion of railroads will rapidly fill up with settlers. • - County-seat, Sundance; population in 1886 estimated at 250; is a new place, having been located about two years ago; is situated in the midst of :.i, rich grazing and agri­ cultural district, and has bright prospects for becoming a prosperous town; the foun­ dation of a new court-house, to cost $25,000, has just been laid; Sundance has a weekly newspaper, banks, good schools, and thriving business houses. It is 95 miles by stage from t.he branch of the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad which termrnates at Rapid City, Dak., and is 50 miles northwest of Deadwood, Dak. lmEl\IONT OOUNTY.

Location.-North central, northliue bordering on Montana; areaabout20,000 square miles . . Natural feattl?'es.-Surface mountainous, plains, and valleys, with abundance of timber in the mountains and fertile soil in the valleys; one of the richest counties in mineral wealth, gold, silver, and the baser metals beipg found t1:l.rougbout the county. Stock-raising is the principal industry at present; extensive basins of petrol:mm and beds of coal are found, but as \yet are undeveloped for commercial uses. The Shoshone Indian Reservation occupies a third of the county, including the rich and fertile valleys of the Wind River. County-seat, Lander; population in 1880, 193, in 1886 estimated bfltween 500 an

.JOHNSON COUNTY,

Location.-North central, bordering north on Montana; area over 11 000 square miles. ' Natural features.-Surface mountainous and rolling plains, la,rO'e forests, and fertile valleys. 0 1036 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Stock-raising chief industry. Northern part well adapted to agriculture and largelv settled by farmers. First county agricultural and stock fair in Wyoming was held at Big Horn in the fall of 1885. Large beds of coal and basins of petroleum are found, besides gold and the baser metals. County-seat, Buffalo; population in 1886 estimated between 1,000 and 1,500; located on the eastern slope of the Big Horn Mountains, 227 miles north of the Union Pacific Railway and 140 miles north of the present terminus of the Wyoming Central Rail­ way; the center of a fine grazing and agricultural district; is 2 miles from the military post of Port McKinney; last year completed a $40,000 court-house and a $15,000 school building; has two banks and two weekly newspapers, Sentinel and Echo; is con­ nected by stage and tclegmph line with Union Pacific Railway at Rock Creek and Cheyenne, also by stage line with the Northern Pacific Railway.

LARAMIE COU:N'TY. Location.-East, bordering on Nebraska and Colorado; area, about 11,000 square miles. Natural features.-Surface diversified with mountains and plains; largely plains; soil of plains and valleys fertile. Stock raising, chief industry; has silver, copper, and gold mines. Manufacturing establishments of all kinds in 1880, 28; capital in­ vested, $77,870; hands employed, 118; value of products, $253,356. All manufactories have greatly increased 1;ince 1880. County-seat, Cheyenne (also capital of the Territory); population in 1880, 3,456; in 1886, estimated between 9,000 and 10,000; located on main line of the Union Pacific Rail­ way, 516 miles west of Omaha; also junction of the Denver Pacific, Colorado Central, and the Cheyenne and Northern Railways. Cheyenne is the commercial center of the Territory, and headquarters of the great cattle ranges of the West. Owing to t~e 1·apid advancement of the city after the first settlement in 1867, it gained the title of Magic City, and has always been noied for the wealth and enterprise of its citizens. It is said to be the richest city of its size and population in the United States. Chey­ enne has an extensive system of water works, the latest and most approved sewerage system, fire department, telephone exchange, electric-lighted streets and buildings, besides gas for general use; has a $40,000 opera-house, $30,000 club-house, fine business blocks, elegant residences, eight churches, five banks, three daily and four weekly news­ papers. A handsome union depot, 225 by 56 feet, built of stone, is in course of construc­ tion, to cost over $75,000. By act of the last legislative assembly an appropriation of $150,000 was made for the erection of a Territorial capitol building at Cheyenne, to be completed within two years. Among the institutions of the place are three public school buildings that cost over $60,000, and another :fine school building under way, a convent school, erected at a cost of over $50,000; a county court-house, $40,000; a county hos­ pital, $35,000, and city public buildings. The Union Pacific Railway has extensive ma­ chine ancl car-repairing shops, employing several hundred men. The city is the supply point for an immense stock country, and its citizens are among the fargest cattle owners of the Territory. Fort Russell, three miles west of Cheyenne, bas recently been enlarged by an expenditure of over one hundred thousand dollars, and is now a permanent military post, the largest and most important in the department of the Platte. Manufactures are increasing, the product for 1886 approximating half a million of dollars. Among the manufactures flourishing here are two saddle and harness establishments, one beef-packing establishment, one carriage and wagon factory, one foundry, one planing mill and manufactory of wood-work, two book binderies, two breweries, and two cigar factories. There is a favorable opening for a good flouring mill, tannery, soap and candle factory, stone and marble works, and a nursery for trees and shrubs. The building of the Cheyenne and Northern Railway, affording better and increasecl means of transportation with Central and Northern Wyoming, it is confidently ex­ pecte«:"I, :Vill open up a much widerfie]d of commercial activity. The Wyoming Fair A~sociat10n several months ago bought a tract of eighty acres ofland three-quarters of a. mile northwest of Cheyenne, for the sum of $15,000, and have erected suitable build­ ings thereon for holding annual fairs. The grounds a.re admirably adapted for the purp_o e,. havi_ng an abundance of water and a pleasant grove of trees. The fir~t rerr1tonal fair wa held ou September 14-18 of this year, and reflected great credit upon the manag ment. The exhibits of live stock were especially fine. A large melter for the reduction of ores will be erected the present season.

SWEETW.ATER COUNTY. Location.-\Ve t and central", bordering south on Colorado and Utah· area about 12 5 q nare wiles. ' ' .... Taturalfeaturea.- urfac par ly mountainous and plains· is adapted to grazina 0 and ha imm n e depo its of coal and iron ore · also gold an'd silver. ' TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1037

Coal-minino- and stock-raising are the chief industries. Mnnufacturing establish­ ments of all kinds in 1880, 6; capital invested, $16,000; hands employed, 11; value -0f products, $11,303. County-seat, Green River City ; population in 1880, 327; in 1886, estimated be­ tween 600 and tlOO ; located 331 miles west of Cheyenne, on the Green River ; is the end of an important division of the Union Pacific and Oregon Short-Line Railroads; extensive repafr shops are located here; the surrounding country is largely devoted to stock-raising. Fourteen miles east of Green River are located the celebrated Rock Springs coal mines, which are now the most extensively worked in Wyoming. Over a thousand miners are employed, a large portion of whom are Chinese. No. unlawful disturbances have occurred there since the noted riot of September, 1885. The weekly Gazette is published at Green River, and the weekly Independent at Rock Springs.

UIN'fi\. COUNTY, Location.-West, bordering on Montana, Utah, and Idaho; area, about 15,000 square miles. Natural features.-Surface mountainous, and contains the headwaters or' the Mis­ souri, Yellowstone, and Snake Rivers. The northern portion of the county includes the famous Yellowstone National Park. Stock-raising is the principal industry, but large quantities of coai and lumber are exported. County-seat, Evanston; population in 1880, 1,277; in 1886, estimated between 2,000 and 3,000; is pleasantly located in the Bear River Valley with many natural advant­ ages; has :five churches, good schools, two weekly newspapers, Chieftain and Exam­ iner; is the center of a rich stock-raising district, and large deposits of coal are worked in the vicinity; large quantities of lumber and charcoal are manufactured; the Union Pacific has extensive car-repair shops located here. Among the recent improvements is the completion of a $25,000 pub.lie school building. The Wyoming Hospital for the Insane has been located at Evanston, and a Territorial appropriation -0f $26.000 made to commence the work.

STA1'IS1'ICS OF WYOMING.

{Compiled from United States Census of 1880, with comparative statistics obtained from later sources.] The total population of Wyoming in 1880 was 20,789, divided as follows: Native, 14,943; foreign, 5,845; white, 19,436; colored, 299; males, 14,151; females, 6,637. Distributed as follows: Albany County, 4,626; Carbon, 3,438; Crook, 239; Laramie, 6,409; Johnson, 637; Sweetwater, 2,561; Uinta, 2,879. In 1870 the total population was 9,118. The number of Chinese in 1870 w~s 143, and in 1880, 914. There were, in 1880, about 2,000 Indians on reservations within the Territory, but they are not in­ cluded in the above enumeration. At the present time, September, 1886, the total population of Wyoming will approximate 75,000. '£he area of Wyoming in 1880 was reported n,s 97,575 square miles, or 62,625,120 acres, of which 46,978,687 acres have been surveyed. The number of families enume­ rated was 4,604; dwellings 4,282; number of acres to eac hperson 3,003. There were 175 farms in 1870, and 457 in 1880. The number of acres of land cultivated and cereals produced in 1880 was as follows: 247 acres of wheat produced 4,762 bushels; 822 acres of oats, 22,512 bushels; and a small amount of barley and rye was raised. The grain production of 1886 will perhaps exceed half a million bushels, though it is difficult in the absence of reliable statistics to approximate the amount of grain raised. The total number of acres returnefl by the county assessors in 1885, with im­ provements thereon, was 132,180, valued at $1,307,131.25. The value of town lots and improvements for the same year was $2,842,879. For 1886, the assessors return 394,- 779 acres, valued with improvements at $1,762,578 ;,and town lots and iru:r,rovements, $3,169,482. Of the 16,479 persons enumerated in 1880 over ten years of age, only 983 were re­ turned unable to read and write, or 6 per cent. of the total number, showing less illit­ eracy in Wyoming than in any other State or Territory. The number of pupils reported enrolled in the public schools in 1880 was 2,907; average daily attendance, 1,920; amount expended for salaries of teachers, $25,894. For the year ending September, 1885, the superintendent of public instruction re­ ports the number of pupils enrolled 4,334; number of teachers employed, 148, with salaries averaging between fifty and sixty dollars per month. There are eightv- three school buildings in the Territory, erected at a cost of above $200,000. ~ The total voting population of Wyoming in 1880 was 9,241; native, 6,042; foreign, 3,199. In 1884 the total vote for delegate to Congress was 12,811. The vote for 1886 will uoubtless reach 16,000. 1038 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

The total assessed Yaluation of all property in Wyoming Territory in 1880 was $11,857',344. In 1886 it had increased to s:n,mw, 784. 'rhese amounts probably rep­ resent less than one-third of the actual valuation of the property assessed. The rate of Territorial taxation for 18-,6 bas been considerably increased over 1885, on account of appropriations made by the legislative assembly for permanent improvements, such as publ;c buildings. 'l'be tax levy for this year is divided as fol­ lows: :For Territorial purposeu, two ndlls; Territorial bonds, one-twentieth of a mill; universH.y ta:s:, one-quarter of a mill; Territorial insane asyluw, one one-hundredth of a mi11. There is also a tax of one one-hundredth of a mill for stock indemnity fund on all livo stock. The tax levy for general fund the past nine years Las been as fol­ lows: 1878, three mills; 1879. four mills ; 1880, four mills ; 1881, four mills; 1882, two mills; 188:~, one mill; 1884, three-quarters of a mill; 1885, oue mill; 1886, two and thirty-two one-hundredths mills. The total aggregate indebtedness of the fieveral counties, January 1, 188G, waf! $270,G42, divided as follows: Albany, $52,119.63; Carbon, $79,925 ; Johnson, about $25,000; Sweetwater, $32,300; and Uinta, $81,298.27. Laramie Conuty hacl a cash balance on band of $49,667.83; Crook, nearly $5,000; and Fremont, a little over $4,000. '£here were in 1880, 57 man"4facturiug establishments in Wyoming, employing $364,673 capital ancl 380 persons. Tbe value of material used in manufacturing was $601,214, and $187,798 expended for labor. The total value of the production was $898,494. During the year ending May :-n, 1880, there were employed in the produc­ tion of iron at the rolling-mills in Laramie City 148 persons, who were paid wages amounting to $79,650. The value of material used was $403,568, and the product of the mills was 9,790 tons of iron, which had a market value of $941,345. The Union Pacific Railway Company operated six coal mines along their line in Wyoming during the year 1880, giving employment to 1,009 miners. The product of the mines for the year ending June 30, 1880, was 589,595 tons of bituminous coal, Yalued at $1,080,451. The production in tons since that time is reported as follows: in 1881, 375,000; 1882, 650,000; 1883, 777,000; 1884, 883,000; 1885, 817,000; 1886, (es­ timated) 1,000,000. From careful estimates made under the direction of the census department, Wyom­ ing is reported to have lakes and ponds covering an area of 230 square miles, and rivers and smaller streams covering 85 square miles surface. During the past year nearly half a million of small :fish, the product of the Territorial Hatch~ry near Lara­ mie City, have been distributed in streams in Southern Wyoming, along the line of the Union Pacific Railway. The work already accomplished by the Territorial fish comm1ssioner has been most gratifying. • In 1880 the total assessed valuation of Union Pacific Railroad property, which in­ cluded all railroad property within the Territory, was $4,893,354.G4, divided as fol­ lows: Laramie Count,v, $763,4G6.64; Albany, $1,00G,635 ; Carbon, $782,825; Sweetwater, $1,516,6~5; Uinta $82:3,800. . In 1886 the total valuation was $5,461,788.24, distributed as follows Laramie County, $811,698.22; Albany, $952,440.32; Carbon, $822,864 :; Sweetwater, $1,527,617; Uinta, $1,347,160.80. The Union Pacific Company was assessed in 1886 for 489.47 miles at $9,646 per mile; Oregon Short Line 92.33 miles, at $5,950 per mile; and th13 Western Union Tele­ graph Company 1,267 miles of telegraph line, at $75 per mile.

Il'Ili'.ANOES OF TVYO,¥ING.

CASII.

Balance on band December 31, 1864. __ ••.• ____ ..... ___ ... __ _ _ $34, 797 ~~5 Received from all sources in 1885 .... ____ •... ___ ... __ •... ___ . 34, 394 09 Disbur ements in 1 85 for all purposes ... ___ . __ . _ . __ •••. ____ . $38: 015 9'J Balance on band December :n, l&l5 ...... ______·-·--· :n, 175 45 ------69,191 44 60,191 44 CASil-GE~"EilA.L FUND, Balance December 31, 18"4 ...... $2'7,102 75 Rec ived in 1 5 -----· .... ·----· ____ ..••.. ---· ·----· .... ____ 26, Oi5 42 i bursecl in 1 5 - . __ . _..•••.. ____ ..•.... __ . __ . ____ . ______.. $3[>, 923 9S alance on hand December 31, 1885 .• ___ ..•• _•.. ____ . __ ... __ . 17,254 25

53,178 17 53,178 17 TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1039

CA.SH-STOCK F"U:SD. Ba.lance Decemher 31, 1884 ...... •....•...... •• $7,694 60 Received in 1685 .•• __ ...• _••... - - ... - -- ... - - -.. --. --- -- . ---• 8,318 67 Disbursed in 1885 .... _ ...... - .. -- -.... -...... - -. $2,092 04 13, 921 · 23 Balance on hand December 31, 1885 ...... --·· ··---· .... ·----· ------16,013 ~7 16,013 27 Statement for 18SG--:first' qua1·te1'.

CASII-GENETIAL FUND.

Balance on hand January 1, 1886 .•.. ·----· .••••. ·----· ·----· $17,254 22 Received to March 31, 181:36. _. _ .. ___ ... _- -.... - . - - -... --• -• . . 12, 795 10 30,049 32 Disbursed to March 31, 1886 .. _. __ .. - - --· ·--- .. ---· ·- - ...... 9,212 29 ------$20,837 03

CASH-STOCK ISDEl\fl\TJTY FUND.

Balance on hand January 1, 1886 .• ___ .. ___ ·-- _ •••••.. - - .. - .. $13, ~~n 23 Received to March 31, 18-:36 .•.••. -··- •... -·--· ---- ··---· ..•• 3,497 86 17,419 09 Disbursed to March 31, 18 ~6 .• _•••. _. __ ....- _... _. _ - ..... ___ .. 2, 724 45 ---- $14,694 64 Total cash balance at end of .fiscal year March 31, 1886 .. _- -... - . _·. 35, 531 67

Table showing the appropriations made by the eighth and ninth biennial legislative assemblies of W:11orning for the years 1884-1885 and 1886-1887, each amount being for two fnll fiscal yea1·s.

1884 and 1886 and Account. 1885. _ 1887.

Prisoners, keep and transporting ...... •..•.. $18,000 00 $12,500 00 Salaries: Auditor...... 2,000 00 2,400 00 Treasurer ...... • ...... • • • • • ...... 800 00 800 00 Veterinarian...... 5,000 00 5,000 00 3,600 00 irs~o!i:Uti:~~/~1~~~~~.~~.~~~~~: :::::: :::::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: : 3, g~~ g~ 700 00 Librarian...... 1,600 00 1,600 00 Stenographer ...... •...... -...... • ...... 3, 600 00 3,600 ~ Superintendent weights and measures...... 200 ,00 200 00 .Attorney.general ...... •••••.....•...... 2,400 00 Territorial inspeci;or coal mines ...... •..•...... 5,000 00 Contingents: Governor...... 2,000 00 2,400 00 1,200 00 l~rt::!.::::::::::::::::: ::: :: : : :: ::: ::: :: : : : :: :: : :: :: : : : : :::: :: :: : ::: :: : l, ~~~ gg 800 00 Treasurer...... 400 00 800 00 Veterinarian...... 3,000 00 5,000 00 Geologist and mining engineer...... 1, 000 00 2,200 00 Fish commission...... 2,000 00 3,800 00 2 2,000 00 r:~~~-:~~~ci~:~:i~!i~:: :::::::::::: :::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::: , ~~g ~~ 600 00 Superintendent of weights and measures...... 300 00 300 00 Supreme court, clerk's office...... 800 00 800 00 1,200 00 3,400 00 i!i!~;.!it::t;;:::::::::::::::::::: .: ::: : .: .: ::: : : : : : : : : : :'::::::: ::: : : : : :: ~: ~~~: ~~: 600 00 Inspector coalmines ...... ••••••.....•...... 1,500 00 Purchase of instruments ...... •...... •.••••...... •...... 500 00 Stttnographer's mileage and assistants...... 1,000 00 2,000 00 Library, msurance and purchase...... 1, 000 oo 1,750 00 Commissions, treasurer ...... ,...... 1, 700 0:> 2,000 00 Auditor and treasurer, committee to settle with...... 800 oo 600 00 'reachers' ~ns~itut~ expenses...... 1, 500 oo 1,500 00 Reports, d1stnbut1on supreme court • ...... •• ••• ••.• .• ...... • • • • ...... 100 oo Yellowstone National Park: Salaries,and fees in criminal cases ...... •.••••... _...... 8, 000 00 i:.i:ir::1~~~~!t~i!~·~:::.·::: :::::::: ::: :: :: :::::::: :::: :: :: :::::: :::::: ~i~ g~ 1040 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Table showing the appropriations made by the eighth and ninth biennial legislative assemblies of Wyoming for the years 1884-1885 and 1886-1887, 9·0.-Continued.

1884 and 1886 and .Account. 1885. 1~87.

Ordnance, care and transportation of...... •...... •...•...... $400 00 Election returns, messenger for ...... ••...... -...... -. 500 00 $200 00 Fish-hatching house ...... •••...... •...... -·-··· .. 500 00 2,000 00 Printing: Session laws, 1879 .....•...•••.••.••••.•••.•••••.••.••.•. - ••.••.•..•••.••. 700 00 School, election, stock, and irrigation laws ...... •...... 500 00 Governor's message and Territorial officers' reports .....•.•...... 350 00 750 00 Commission to revise statutes: 3 3,000 00 ~:t:~~ ~i-ci~~k· ot·~: ::: :: :: :: : ::: ::: :: :: ::: :::: ::: :: :::: ::: :: : : : ::: :: : : : : : : ' ~~~ ~~ 1,500 00 Stationery for, aml contingent...... 100 00 300 00 Reviserl statutes of' Wyoming, 1886 .•••.•••••••..•.•.•••• ••••••••••••••••••....••...... •. 12,500 00 Joint compilation committee, ninth legislative assembly ..••.•.•...•...... 725 00 Reiru bnrsements:

t~:?t~~;ir;:~:::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : 1. :!! i~ J .M. Lobban ...... • ...... • • • ...... 147 09 Mike Murphey...... 100 00 ...... •... . Jacob B. Blair ...... •...... •...... •...•.....•...... 300 00 150 00 i~~::~o~;;tm~!:::: :: :: : ::: ::: :: : : ::: :: ::::::: ::: :: :: :: ::: ::: ::::::: :: :: : ::: :: : : : : : : : 3,597 25 300 00 ~tc::i~a;~~d~ec!s:::::::: ::::: ::: :: ::::::: ::: :: :::::::::::: ::::::: ::: :: : : : ::::::: :: :: : 166 67 Daniels & Fisher ...... •.•..••.••...... •••...... •....•...•.•...... 47 36 Otto Gramm ...... •••...... 5ti3 40 Penitentiary commissioner, 1883 and 1884 ...... •...... 316 20 Douglas. Willan Sartoris Company ..•....•...... •...... ••••...... 2,559 79 '.Eighth legislative assembly: ~~~i~f~~~:i~~~.s~_s_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~6i i~ Pay of officers...... 2,420 00 Ninth le~islative assembly: 253 lO 2, !)40 00 500 00 2,500 00 39 00 500 00 500 00 r.~iil~ti~t\!!!!!!i!/!iii!!!!itrn)Hiii)!!H/ 8,000 00 1,500 00 ¥~!ti~~11fi:liJ~=~~~~~~::::::: :::::: ::: ::: ::::::::::: ::: :: :::: :: :::: :: :::: :: :::::: 5,000 00

BA.NKS.

The following banks are now doing business in this Territory:

Town. County. Name of bank. Capifal. Surplus.

Buffalo ...... Johnson ...... First National...... $50, 000 00 $3,500 00 Do ...... do ...... Johnson County Bank...... 50,000 00 Laramie .....•.. Stock Growers' National...... 400,000 00 70,000 00 Chebei_~~:::::::: do ...... First N ationaL..... • ...... 200, 000 00 65, 000 00 Do ...... do ...... Uheyenne National...... 100,000 00 .•••...•...•.. Do ...... do ...... •. Cheyenne Savinp:s Bank ...... 100, 000 00 50, 000 00 Do ...... do ...... •. Morton .E. Post & Co...... 200, 000 00 .••....••..... Douglas ...... Albany .....••.. First National .•.... ••...... 75,000 00 ...... ••..... Do ...... do ...... Maverick Bank •...... Evanston ...... Uinta ...... Beckwith & Co • . . • • • ...... 78, 000 00 7, 500 00 Do ...... •. do ...... Mutua~ Exchange...... 35, 000 00 ....•...•..... Fort Fetterman .. .Albany ...... ::M;averick Bank (see Douglas) ...... Lander ...•...... Fremont ...... F1rstLa-cder Bank...... 85,000 00 ••••.•.....••. Laramie ..•...... Albany ...... Albany National...... 100,000 00 .••••..•....•. Do ...... •.... do ...... Laramie National...... 100,000 00 20,000 00 Do ...... do ...... WyomingNational...... 50,000 00 107,000 00 Lnsk ...... Laramie ...... Richards Brothers &Brown (branch ...... of Chadron, Nebraska, Bank), nawlins ...... Carbon ...... James France .....•...... 90,000 00 10,000 00 Do...... do ...... J'. W. Ilu§:ns & Co ...... 85,000 00 10,000 00 hPrldan ...... ·1.Johnson ...... Bank of 'heridlUl ...... 50,000 00 ·nndanco ...... • . Crook ...... tebbins, Fox & Co ...... 10,000 00 TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1041

THE WYOMING PRESS,

The newspapers of ·wyoming number 26. ]'our of the number 11re dailies, receiving the Associated Press reports; the remaining 22 are weekly journals. One is a live­ stock paper; one, devoted to the interests of labor; one, a church paper, and the others are devoted to Territorial and local interests. The following is the list of those now published in the Territory:

Paper. Editions. Post.office.

Cheyenne San ...... •.•••...... Daily and weekly .. . Cheyenne, Laramie County. Democrat.icLeader ...... do ...... Do. Daily Tribune...... • • . . Dail_', ...... Do. N ortbwest,ern Live Stock .Journal...... Weekly ...... Do. The Mirror ...... do ...... Do. The Boomerang ...... Dailv and weekly .. . Laramie Cit.v, Albany County. Do. Rawlins, Carbon County. RH~~::t!·~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: :;:tf~::::::::::::: Do. The Laborette ...... do ...... Do. Rock Springslndependent ...... clo .....•...... Rock Springs, Sweetwater County, The Gazette ...... do ...... Do. The Chieftain ...... do ...... Evanston, Uinta County. The Evanston Examiner ...••...... do ...... •.... Do. Baffalo Echo ...... do ...... Buffalo, .Johnson County. The Sentinel...... do ..... ; ...... Do. The Sundance Gazette .....•.•...•...... do .....•...... Sundance, Crook County. Wind River Mountaineer ...... do ..•..••...•••.. La-nder, ]'remont County. Douglas, Albany County. Do. l~!!iii~i~~~;~~~ :::::: :: :: ::::: ::: ::: : :J~ :: ::: ::: ::: :: :: Lusk, Laramie County. Wyoming and Its Future .•••••.•.•••.•••. .••. do ...... Laramie City, Albany County.

6737 I-VOL 2--66 1042 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Table showing total assessed 1•aluaiion of p1·operty in Wyoming.

Year. County. Value. ·; Year. County. Value.

1870 Laramie ...... •. $1,786,465 1880 Laramie...... $3,813,568 .A.lba1,y...... 1, 397, 771 .Albany ...... 2,607,474 Sweetwater ...... • . . . 1,840, 821 Carbon ...... 2, 00~, 069 Sweetwater . . • ...... 2, 083, 510 1871 La,ramie ...... •...... 1,670,283 Uinta ...... 1, 349, 723 .Albany .....• ...•...... 1,810,683 Sweetwater ...... 1,637,565 Total...... • • ...... • . 11,857,344 1872 Laramie ...•...... •...... 2, 195, 4m 1881 Laramie ...... 4,078,623 .Albany ...... •.••...... •.. 1,898,447 .Albany ...... 2, !JU, 146 Sweetwater ...... ], 597,953 Carbon ...... •...... 2,013,999 Sweetwater ...... •.. 2,277,821 1873 Laramie ...... 2,105,344 Uinta ...... 1,446,105 .Albany ...... 1,963,709 Johnson ...... •...... 1,259,981 Sweetwater ...... 1,447,400 Uinta ...... 1,178,269 Total...... •.•...... 13,987,675 --- 1874 Laramie ....•....•..•...... 2,588,517 1882 Larami~ ...... 5,232,690 1,886,278 3,567,587 t-!~b.~L:::::::::::::::::::::: 914,746 t~~b~K::::: :,:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2. 663,768 Sweetwater ...... 1,536,399 Sweetwater .••...... 2,771,476 Uinta .•••••..•••.•.•...... 1,221,962 Uinta ...... ·...... 1,887,492 Johnson ....•....••...... 1,723, lil4 Total...... 8,147,902 Total...... 17, 74.6, 627 1875 L::tramie ...... •...... 3,048,135 2, 281, 930 1883 Laramie ...... •...... 7,345,055 ~~t~X:::: :: ::: ::: :::::: :::::: 946,213 3,945,092 Sweetwater ...... •...... 1,865,257 &!~b~K:::: :: :::::: :::: :: :::: :: 3, (;63, 368 u ·inta ...... 1,352,103 Sweetwater ...... •...... 3,148,275 Uinta ...· •...... ••.••...... 2,232,265 Total...... 9,493,638 Johnson ...... 2, ti28, 490

1876 Laramie ..•..•.•...... 3,088,465 Total...... •...... 22,962,545 .Albany ...... 2, 2()4, 979 Laramie ...... 8,497,113 Carbon ...•...... 9i'>5, 576 1884 Sweetwater ...... •...... 1,006,090 4,328,279 t~~b~K:::::::::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : 4,003,054 Uinta .. : .....•...... •..•. l, 459,465 Sweetwater ...... 2,123,329 2, ~.'l2, 152 Total...... 9, 674, 575 Uinta ...... Johnson ...... 3 4'>4 108 Fremont ...... ••...... 1: 100: 485 1877 J,aramie ...... •••...... 3,495,786 2,222,391 Total...... 26,308,520 t!~tiK::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ], 000, 000 Sweetwater ...... 1,917,367 1885 Lara1nie ...... •.•...... 8,680,081 Uinta ...... •..•.....•••.. 1,403,145 Albany ...••...... 4,107,814 Carbon ...... 4,829,700 Total...... • . . • . . 10, 038, 689 Sweetwater ...... 2, 4,8, 676 Uinta ...... 2, :l76, 489 1878 Laramie ...... 3,818,477 Johnson ...... 3, i81, 290 Albany ...... 3, 177, 101 Fremont ...... 1,949,241 Carbon ...... 1, 20R, 294 Crook ...... •. 2,423,058 Sweetwater ...... 1. 938, 9()5 Uinta ..•...... l, 463,503 Total •...... 30,717,249 Total...... 11, 606, 340 1886 Laramie ...... •...... •.... 9,076,704 Albany ....•..•...... 4,417,765 Carbon ...... 4,088.061 1879 Laramie ...... 3,998, 41!) Sweetwater .•..•...... 2,409,626 3,552,715 Uinta ...... •.....••...... 2,480,397 ~~b~ii:::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1,506,855 Johnson ...... •...... ••..... 3,530,267 Sweetwater ...... 1,941,397 Fremont ...... •.•...... 2,031,458 Uinta...... 1,355,426 Crook .•.•.....••....••...••... 2,896,606 Total...... 12. 354, 812 Total...... • ...... 31, 02il, 784 TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1043

Table showing total assessed valuatfon of neat cattle.

1 i Nwnber. Value. Year. Counties. !Number. Value. Year. Counties. -- 113,466 $1,379,003 1870 Laramie ...... 941 $'.l5, 070 1880 Laramie . •...... All>any ...... 6,618 98,390 46,350 544,660 Sweetwater ...... 584 2e, 535 t!~{~l ::::::::::::·. 72,055 943,527 Sweetwater ...... 25,945 311,335 96,220 18il Laramie ..•...•..... 5,361 147 .•427 Uinta ...•..•...... 9, 681 Altany ...... •... 13,M5 285,927 Sweetwater •...... 781 26,735 Total ...•.....•. 267,497 I 3,274,745 1872 Laramie ...... 8,558 128, 370 1881 Laramie ..••...... 141,630 ,. 659. 056 Albany...... 12,939 236, 05!} Albany ...... 58, 855 669, 199 Sweetwater ...... l, 650 37,495 Carbon ...... 66, 991 814,086 Sweetwater...... 36, 137 431, 392 1873 Laramie ...... I 1r,'375 · ~7, 500 · Uinta ..•••.•...... 11, 912 1 J39, 386 Albany ...... I 8,558 / 150,475 Johnson ...... 67,351 1,047,668 Sweetwater...... 2,872 76,896 Uinta...... 3,473 73, 839 Total .••...... •. 382,879 4,760,787 18i4 Laramie ....•...... 28,650 462,453 1882 Laramie ..•...... •. mo, 963 2,427,545 Albany ...... •.... 7,440 125, 120 Albany ...... 60,935 948,989 Carbon ...... 2,017 33; 910 Carbon ...... 67,850 1, 0:32, 170 Sweetwat,er •...... 3,650 93,687 Sweetwater 53,675 809,445 Uinta ...... 3,708 68,265 Uinta ...... 16,017 193,460 ------Johnson ...... 88,778 1,492,467 Total ...... 45,474 783,435 ---=-==-·= Total ..••...... 478,218 6,904,076 1875 Laramie ...•...... 34,988 453,193 --·--======Albany ...... 0, 307 166,668 ' 1883 Laramie ...... •.... 24'1, 486 3,637,380 Carbon ...... 3,266 53,949 All,any ...... 71,264 1,079,345 Sweetwater ...... 6,115 108,341 Carbon ...... 92,520 1, 973, 140 Uinta ... •..•...... •. 2, $36 59,270 Sweetwater ...... 52,506 1,045, 776 Uinta ....•...... 14,998 227,055 Total ...... 56,512 841,421 Johnson ...... 138,639 2,282,950 Total . .•.....••. 614,412 10,245,646 J876 Laramie ...... 45,525 506,238 Albany ...... 7,457 100,062 1884 Lammie ...... 283,194 4,261,445, Carl.Ion ...... 3,331 44,218 102,448 1, 549, 140 Sweetwater ...... 8,274 136, 857 114,869 2,297,380 Uinta ...... •...... 3,988 63,530 ~~b~x :: : : : : : : : : : : : ---- Sweetwater ...... 9,134 196,561 ---- Uinta ...... 15, 2151 307,850 Total ...... 68,575 850,905 Johnson ...... 160,481 2,711,725 1877 Fremont ...... 64,228 1,366,160 Laramie ...... 58,101 653,763 10,328 165,083 Total ...... 749,569 I 12, 6~0, 261 ~~b~ii: ~::::::::::: 5,000 75, 000 Sweetwater ...... 11. 380 164,557 1885 Laramie . ...••.•.. . . 277,072 4,141,440 Uinta ...... 3; 301 50,397 91,985 1,409,940 &~~b~ii :: : : : : : : : : : : : 123,676 2,530,455 Total ...... 88,610 1, 108, ,800 Sweetwater ...... 19,947 419, 93! 1878 --·· Uinta ...... 15,670 314,287 Johnson . ....•...... 174,172 2,919,426 Laramie ...... 77,374 805,718 Fremont ...... 76,324 ], 5~6. 480 12,358 160, 77'!, Crook 115,942 2,126,544 &~~b~!::::::::::::: 20,168 258, G33 ..... --.. --...... -. Sweetwater ...... •.. 13,846 141,261 894,788 15,388,503 5, 359 Total ...... Uinta ...... •.. 66,870 ----- 1886 Laramie ...... 233,539 3,930, 714 1879 Total ..•••.•.•.. 129,105 1,433,254 91,820 1,515,226 - ---·-- ~!~b~K: :::::: :::::; 126,832 2,036,008' Laramie ...... 97,641 1, 062, 013 Sweetwater ...... 22,578 374,835. 50,560 502,622 Uinta ...... 15, 154 322, 921 ~l~:~x ::::::::::::: 46,338 507,168 Johnson ...... 157,931 2,578,913 Sweetwater . .••..... 18,419 186,545 Fremont ...... 85,740 1,390,916 Crook .••...•..•.••. 155,518 - 2,501,592 Uinta ...... 9,117 94,012 ------Total ...... 222,075 2,352,360 Total ...... 889,121 14, 651, 125,

,.i' 1044 REPORT OF THE SECRET.A.RY OF THE IN l'ERIOR.

Table show·ing total assessed valuation of horses.

Year. Counties. Number. Value. !\:-ear. Counties. Number. Value,

1870 Laramie ...... 72 $6,828 1880 Litramie ...... •..... 3, 530 $123, 700 Albany ...... 244 14,800 .Albany ...... 2,181 71,380 Sweetwater ...•..... 102 8,360 Carbon ...... •...... 2, 36 l 62, 672 Sweetwater ...... 1, 626 46, 105 1871 Laramie ...... 169 8,323 Uinta ...... 806 24,285 Albany ...... 958 32,005 Sweetwater ...•.... . 162 12,255 Total ...... -1D.504j-3Ts,142 1872 Laramie ...... 411 30,825 1881 Laramie...... 5,359 173,970 1,767 64,555 .t.\.lbany ...... 3,945 95,390 t!~!~!;t~; ·.-.·.·.::::: 253 15,280 Carbon...... 3,037 80,480 Sweetwater...... 2, 247 80, 985 1873 Laramie ...... 677 50,775 Uinta...... 1, 253 34, 610 .Albany ...... 1,768 65. 210 Johnson...... 1,774 54,101 Sweetwater ...... 378 20;225 Uinta ..•...... 301 17,540 Total...... 17,615 J=~~· 596 1874 Laramie ...... 935 46,685 1882 Laramie ...... 7, 245 234, 675 2,075 67,590 Albany...... 3,869 100,495 ~~bgf ~ ·.·.-. ~::::::: : 220 11, 120 Carbon...... 3,247 95,390 Sweet.water ...... 615 2'' 010 Sweetwater...... 2, 638 117, 240 Uinta ...... 702 21: 210 Uinta...... J, 631 50,750 Johnson...... 2,129 71,624 Total ...... 4,547 174,615 Total ..••.•.••.. 20,759 670, 174 1875 Laramie ...... :-: .. 1,471 72,465 .Albany ...... 2,396 70,985 18S3 Laramie ...... 9,546 318,515 Carbon ...... 456 17,215 5,113 143, 8~f> Sweetwater ...... 737 28,860 t!~bil. ·.-.-.: :: :: ::: :: 3,325 100,584 Uinta,,, ...... 562 23,270 Sweet,water ...... 3,617 126,492 Uinta ...... J, 849 53, 341> Total ...... •••.. 5,622 212,795 Johnson ...... 3,731 136,372 Total ...... 27,181 879,153 1876 Laramie ...... 1,687 62,824 1,795 58,300 1884 Laramie ...... 11,946 392,355 t!~b~:.-.-.-.:: :: ::: :: : 468 18,275 7,325 206,135 949 .Albany ...... Sweetwater ...... 27,770 4,771 185,870 571 Carbon .....•.••... . Uinta ...... 18,375 Sweetwater ...... 1,795 50,755 Uint,a ...... 2,288 75 043 Total ...... 5,470 185,544 ,Johnson ...... 5,786 190'. 405 Fremont .•.....•.... 4,089 135,872 1877 Laramie ...... • . . . . 1, 691 62, 700 Albany 2, 07!) 65, 530 Total ...... 38,000 1,.195, 435 Carbon.~·.~·.-.:::::::: 600 21,000 Sweetwater...... 978 \ 27, 300 1885 Laramie ...... •..... 11, 904- 395-, 255 Uinta...... 748 23, 400 7,714 229, 900 ------t!~:~r-. ~: ~ ·_:::::::: 6,311 175,400 Total...... 6, 096 199, 930 Sweetwater .•...... 2,943 88,701 Uinta ...... •... 2,326 73,917 Johnson ...... 8,476 273,742 1878 Laramie ...... 2,500 75,610 153,100 Albany ...... 1, 965 I<'remont ...... 5,389 56,860 166,809 Carbon ...... 1,036 26,190 Crook ...... •. 4,982 'weetwater ...... 1,335 33,855 50,045 1,556,824 Uinta ...... 642 22,130 Total .•.••...... 495,825 Total ...... 7,478 214,645 1880 Laramie ...... •.. 13,502 9,108 322,002 t~~b~J.:: :: :::::: ::: 7,832 229,740 1879 Laramie ...... • .... . 2,888 102,160 Sweetwater ...... 3,157 92,520 Albany ...... 2,284 63,030 Uinta ...... 2,973 92,575 Carbon ...... 1,763 40,639 Johnson ...... •..... 9,900 307,420 weetwater ...... 1,430 38,880 Fremont 7,785 246,395 Uinta ...... 764 29,020 Crook ...... 6,794 199,610 Total .••••...••. 9,129 273,729 Total . • • . • . . . . • . 61, 051 1,986,087 TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1045

Table showing total assessed valuation of sheep.

Year. Counties. Number. Value. Conn.ties. Number. Value.

1870 Laramie ...... 3 • $30 1880 Laramie ...... •... 79, 994 119, 491 Albany ...... 2,500 3,000 Albany ...... 59, 737 102, 870 Sweetwater ...... 487 1, 751 Cur-bon ....•...... 4, 445 l l, 106 Sweetwater ...... 4,718 9,435 1871 Laramie .•...... 579 ], 447 Uinta ...... 22, 488 44, 976 Albany ...... 11,585 23,329 Sweetwater ...... •. 160 500 Tot:11 ...... 111, 3s2 I 287, 878 == -======-::= 1872 Laramie ...... 6 24 1881 Laramie ...... •••.. 66,558 99,365 Albany ...... 13, 046 29,728 5!, 019 10'1-, 038 Sweetwater ...... 124 496 &~~b~ii ::::::::::::: 16,045 32,090 Sweetwater ...... 11,926 23,852 1873 Laramie ...... 2,199 8,796 Uinta ...... 23, 132 46, 190 Albany ...... 10,117 22,386 Johnson .•... ·.•.. ... 665 1,325 Sweetwater ...... 120 480 Uinta ...... 348 787 Total ...•. ...•.. 170,345 306,860 1882 Laramie ...... 85, 221 149, 145 !874 Laramie ...... 10, 000 l 5, 965 81, 648 162, 546 Albany . . . . . • ...... 11, 291 22, 427 t~~b~ii ::::::: :::::: 28,887 71, 624 Carbon ...... 8 68 Sweetwater ...... 35, 935 I 81, 487 Sweetwater...... 531 1, 328 Uinfa ...... •...... 65, 117 130, 378 Uinta...... 298 1 643 902 l, 804 Johnson ...... 1 Total . . . • ...... 22, ~28 _ 40, 431 Total ...... ~7101596,984 1875 Laramie...... 22,322 36,581 1883 Laramie ...... 90,763 162,620 rn1, 485 177, 598 &~~b~K: :: ::: :: ::: :: 14, 78~ 36, o~~ &~~bii ::::::::::::: 58,587 146,467 Sweetwater...... 600 1, 800 Rweetwater ...... 37,383 • 85,162 Uinta...... Hi7 575 Uinta ...... 55,245 110, 89Z Johnson .•..•...... 909 1,818 Total ...... 37,881 75, 941 Total ...... 344,372 684,557 1876 33, 56-l Laramie ...... 42,264 1884 Laramie ...... 57,978 86,995 21, 696 42,019 115,800 175,625 &;~b~x :: : : : : : : : : : : : 5 41 &~~b~K ::::::::::::: 52,065 104,130 Sweetwater ...... 718 1,636 Sweetwater ...... •. 17, 0::l -1 38,364 Uinta ...... 145 65::l Uinta ...•...... 42,484 85,648 Johnson ...... 8,900 :i.7, 800 Total ...... 56,128 86,613 lfremont ...... 33,000 66,000 1877 Laramie ...... 39,062 49, 776 Total ...... 327,261 5'i4, 562 26,100 49,058 t~~!~!at~~::::::::: 785 1,966 1885 Laramie ...... 39,630 39,650 Uinta ...... 271 737 Albany ...... 83,564 127,804, ------Carbon ...... 66,136 117,202 Total .. : ...... 66, 308 101,537 Sweetwatel' ...... 2~, 310 5~, 223 Uinta ...... 52, 3:l5 104,999 1878 Johnson ...... 6,285 12,581 Laramie .....•...... 41,930 55,644 Fremont ...... 49, 128 79,298 26,237 51,227 Crook ...... 4,531 6,793 &!~t~K :: : : : : : : : : : : : i, 682 3. 379 Sweetwater ...... 900 1; 600 T otal ...... •. 3~3, 929 540,550 Uinta ...... 425 1,104 1886 Laramie ...... 41, 6S0 52,210 Total...... 71, 174 112,954 Albany ...... 90,395 115,060 Carbon ...... 74, 951 96, 152 1879 Laramie ...... 56, 941 71, 467 Sweetwater ...... ~9, 856 38,178 4 1 Uinta ...... 67,057 85,852 &~~t~i ::::::::::::: t m ~: i~~ Johnson ...... 7. 709 9,857 Sweetwater...... 1, ©0 3, 660 Fremont ...... 50; 970 64,328 Uinta...... 1,053 2, 116 Crook .•••••...... 6,379 8, 187 Total ...... 109, 694 ,-158, 373- Tc,tal ...... 368,997 469, 82-!

Wyoming's assessed valuation for 1886. 70,596 35,864 21,739 8,232 42,311 ltj0,637 12,308 23,102 1046 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Albany County: Union Pacific Railway Company, Union Division, 96.92 miles, at $9,646 per mile ...... $934,890 32 Western Union Telegraph Company, 234 miles, at $75 per mile .. 17, 550 00 Total amount of corporation assessment ...... ••... - 952,440 :32 Add abstract of assessment rnll for 1886 ...... 3, 465, 325 00 Total assessment ...... •...... 4,417,765 32 Carbon County: · U11ion Pacific Railway Company, Union Division, 84 miles, at $9,646 per mile ...... 810,264 00 West,ern Union Telegraph Company, 168 miles, at $75 per mile .. . 12,600 00 ------Total corporation assessment ...... 822,864 00 Add a,bstract of assessment roll for 1886 ••.••..••.•....••...•••.•••.. 3, 2G5, 197 18 Total assessment ...... •...... 4,088,06118 Crook Count.y: Abstract of a,ssessmeut roll, 1886 ...... •••...... 2,896,506 20 Fremont County: Al>stract of assessment roll, 1886 ...... •••....•••..... 2,031,458 00 Johns·ou County: Abstract of assessment roll, lt-;86 ...... •.•..••.....•.. 3, [>30, 266 88 Laramie Countv: · Union Pacific Railway Company, Union Division, 70.82 miles, at $9,646 per mile ...... 683,129 72 U11iot1. Pa.cine Railway Company, Fort Russell spur, 1 mile, at . $9,646 per mile ...... 9,64G 00 Union Pacific Railway Company, Kansas Division, 10 miles, at $9,646 per mile ...... _.... ___ ... _.... . 96,460 00 Western Union Telegraph Company, 299miles, at $75 per mile .. ~2,462 50 ------Total corporation assessment ...... 811,698 22 Add abstract of assessment roll, 1686 ..•••..•.•...••.•...... •...... 8,265,005 87 Total assessment ...... 9,076,704 09 Sweetwater County: Union Pacific Railway Company, Union Division, 154.50 miles, at $9,646 ...... ·- ...... •• -· ... __ -· .... . 1,490,307 00 Oregon Short-Line Railway Company 2.30, miles, at $5,550 .•••.. 13,685 00 Western Union Telegraph Company, 315 miles, at $75 ... _...... 23,625 00 ------Total corporation asessment .. __ ...... 1,5~7,617 00 Add abstract of assessment roll, 1886 ...•.....•...... ••....••..••.. 972,008 75 ------Total assessment for 1886 ...... •.....•••... _...•...... 2,499,625 75 Uinta Count,: Union Pacific Railway Company, Union Division, 82.:30 miles, at $9,646 ...... •...... •...... -- . . 79;3, 865 80 Oregon ,'hort-Line Railwa,y Company, 89.85 miles, at $5,950 ..• _.. 534,507 f,O We tern Union Telegraph Company, 250.50 milefl, at $75...... 18,787 50 1 ------Tora1 corporation assessment ...... _...... _.. ___ . . 1, 347, 160 t,O Add abstract of assessment roll for 1886 ...••.... _.. • • . • ...... 1, 13:3, 236 00 Total af-f-lessment for 1886...... •••.. .. . •.. .• •••...... 2, 4 0, 396 80 Valuation of Territory a as esscd in 188G · AlLa.ny ...... •..... 4,417,765 32 Carbon ...... _... _. _.. _...... • _. 4,0BH,06118 Crook ...... _...... _...... _... _..... _ 2,896,506 20 Fr •n1ont ...... 2,031,458 00 .Johu. on ...... 3, 5:30, 266 8 Larami ...... __ ...... _.... _ ...... _.... _ ... __ .. 9,076,704 09 2 499 625 75 f~n;:~-~~ ·_r_._·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_· _·_·: _·_·_-_-_- _-_- _·_· _- _- _-: _-_- _-_- _- _- _-_-_- _- _-_- _- _-: _- _- _- _- _- _-_-_-_- _- 2:4 o:396 o To al 1' ~6 ...... •...... _...... _....• _. _...... •. _... . 31,020,784 22 TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1047

Table showing the number of acres, and val11,e of -improvements thereon, ret·u,rned by tht1 county assessors for 1886.

1 ·,value of laml Townlotsand' County. No. of acres. and improve. improve· men ts. men ts.

Albany ...... 70,596 $293,. 094 $i28, 9U Carbon ...... 35,864 :!4;, 186 236, 358' Crook ...... 21,739 103, 229 21, 585 Fremont ...... ··-········ 8,232 3!J 0tii · 68, 796- Johnson ...... 42, a11 22!l'. 644 122, 255 Laramie ...... 180, 6,17 570, 091 1, 640, e51 Sweetwater ...... 12,308 131, 103 143, 18$ Uinta ...... 2~, 102 149, 074 207, 502 '------·-----1------Total ...... · I 394,789 1, 762, 578 3, 169, 48a

Tables f1·orn Wyoming's United States land offices.

The following table shows the lands entered in ·wyoming, 1873 to 1883, inclusive, at Cheyenne and Evanston United States land offices:

------·t-Y_e_a_r_. l_A_c_re_s_._ Homestead, timber, and other entries...... 1873 3,698.71 Do...... 1874 4,022.32 Do...... 1875 26,03!} 18 Do...... 1876 4,914.41 Do...... 1877 8, 151. 71> Do...... 1878 8,639.15 Do...... 1879 13, 069. 20 Do...... 1880 17,336.69 Do...... 1881 l

The following table showR lands entered at the United States land office at Chey- enne, Wyo., in 1884 and 1885: ~

Year. Acres.

Desert lands ...... 1884 397,506.64 1884 .. 133, 252. 00 1884 50,404.20 iEI:ll~1l{it~~~t·~~t~~~~. ::.:_::_: ::: ::: : : :: : : : :: :::.:_:: :: :::::: ::::::: :: ::.:: 1884 33,122.07 Mineral lands ...... 1884 437. 47 614,722. 4~ 8~!f !nt,rie~ (largely_ n ew entrie~) ...... •...... 1884 23,080. 26- 1 nds (rnclutled m pre•emptwns) ...... 1884 9,000'. 00 Desert lands ...... 1885 271,832.01 Pre.emption lands (coal not included) ...... 1885 *153, 897. 0(} 1885 72,842.17 1835 47,597.43 r}~bi:li~}:~e~~:1:1: i~~i~::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:::::::::::::::::: ~::::::::::: 1885 *18, ]88. 4¼ 504,357.05 Cash entries (largely new entries) ...... 1885 33,176.00

* Estimated. 1048 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

The following table shows tbe acreage of land entries it the United States land office at Evanston, Wyo., January to August (inclusive), 1886:

Kind of entry. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Totals. ------Desert·----- ...... 802.10 3,315.01 ], 969. 96 5,600.00 4-, 163. 82 5,654.63 tlO, 560. 00 840. 00 32,905.52 Coal* ...... 210. 00 80. 00 160. 00 160. 00 240. 00 850. 00 Pre-emption* ...... 240. 00 560. 00 560. 00 400. 00 960. 00 640. 00 400. 00 560. 00 4,320.00 Timber-culture ...... 160. 00 238. 33 879. 00 213. 27 1,265.75 1,280. 00 175. 42 960. 00 5, 171, 77 Homestead ...... 690. 84 470.15 465. 85 480. 00 1,065.41 640. 08 960. 00 640. 00 5,418.33 Mineral *...... ------· ··-··-- 720. 00 ------·--- 720. 00 ------Total...... 1. 892. 94 4,799.49 3,954.81 7,413. 27 7,454.98 8,374.71 12, !:!55. 4213, 240. 00149, 385. 62

* Estimated at 80 acres to the claim or entry. tThe large number of acres entered in July is explained by the entry of colony lands on Big Sandy, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.

The entries and sales of public lauds at both offices (luring first eight months of 1886 were doubtless very largely augmented by the attitude of Congress in its attempt to repeal all land laws except the bomestead act, and to amend that, requiring longer and closer residence. People desired to make their :filings and obtain the benefit of their rights under existing laws before Congress should prevent them. The following table shows the acreage of sales and entries at the United States land office at Cheyenne, Wyo., January to August (inclusive), 1886.

Class. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. ------1----1----1----1-----1--.---1------Cash ...... 2,003.15 1,762.14 l, 968. 09 2,631.91 3,080.14 ·3, 504. 15 4,171.43 3,458.41 Desert...... 12, 42':'. 24 12, 376. 89 15, 649. 56 25, 458. 97 18, 496. 42 38, 563. 65 8, 951. 09 4, 826. 90 Coal and mineral*...... 160. 001 400. 00 400. 00 160. 00 80. 00 560. 00 · 720. 00 Pre-emption* ...... 5, 360. 00 5, 200. 00 4, 800. 00 6, 800. 00 11, 920. 00 13, 360. 00 12, 080. 00 6, 320. 00 T1ID.ber-culture...... 5,882.92 5,038.52 6,273.5012, 126. 54110, 794. 63 20,833.3914, 011. 08 4,637.96 Homestead ...... 2, 373. 331 3, 146. 35 4, 708. 24 6, 053. 50 5, 414. 05 640. 00 1, 081. 01 757. 62 ------Total entries ...... 28,206. 64 27, 923. 90 33, 799. 39 53,230.9249, 785. 24 77,461. 19 41, 015. 21 20,000.89 1 1 1

Final home ...... 480. ooj 432. 74 ...... 1, 440. oo 627. 09 640. oo 11 081. 61 7~7. 62 Final desert ...... 160. 00 8, 246. 6& 1,692.15 1,540. 90 3,790. 24 5,054.65 5,294.51 5,440.00 Sale coal...... 80. 00 . • • . . . • . . 40. 00 12, 460. 20 40. 00 160. 00 800. 00 445. 91 Sale mineral ...... 53. 11 320. 00 .••... : . . 133. 44

Total final sales . .... 720. 00/1 8,679.43 1,785.2615, 441. 10 4,457.33 6,174.65 7,176. 12 0, 776. 97

RECAPITULATION.

Class. Amount. Class. Amount.

Cash ...... 22,579. 42 Finnlhome ...... 5,459.06 De ert ...... 136,750.72 Final desert ...... 31,219.14 Coal and mineral* ...... 2, 4t10. ~o Sale coal ...... 14,026.11 65,840.00 Sale mineral ...... 506. 55 ¥r:~:F.J~~~:r~): :: ::: ::: ::: :: : : : : : : : 79,598.54 Ilomest atl ...... 24,174.70 Total final sales ...... 51,210.86 Total i,ntries ...... 331,423.38 I

k E. timated at 80 acres to the entry or claim, as this is about the average.

Th,m w1·i:e only 47 patent delivered from the Cboytmne land office in 18 S, and non o far m 18 'G. Of the 47 ratents some were douMless issuecl prior to 1 5 and hall. not be u callell for before. TERRITORY 01" WYOMING. 1049

PROCEEDS OF SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS,

The total amount received by the Government from the sale of public lands within the Territory of Wyoming from 1875 to l885, inclusive, is as follows: I Year. .Amount. Year. .Amount.

1875 ...... ------. ------·--· $7,714 40 1881...... •••.•••••.•..••...... $48, 955 02 1876 .•... . --· ..•...... 7,487 42 1882 ...... ······ ··--·· ••.... .••.•. .•.. 58 307 :!5 1877 ..... -- ...... ••...... •...... 5, ]56 00 1883...... • . . . . . 187: 488 65 1878 ...... · · · .•.. · · · · · · 23,333 61 1884 ...... • . . • ...... • . . 595, 786 88 1879 ...... •...... •...... •...... •.... 33, 3'.,'.0 64 1885 ...... 552, 967 14 1880 ....•.•.•...•.•...... •. .•.•...•.... 44,146 83

AREA.

[Figures from surveyor.general's office, Wyoming Territory.J

Wyoming has an average of about 58½ townships east and west by 46 townships north and south, making a total of about 2,691 square townships, or approximately 62,000,ti40 acres, allowing a foll township of 23,040 acres to be the avei-age township a.:ireage. Of these 2,691 townships, 1,906 have been subdivided, equivalent to 43,914,240 acres. In other words, something over two-thirds of the Territory has been surveyed. Of the lt:l,086,400 acres still unsurveyed, the United States military reservations occupy about 208,000 acres; the Shoshone Indian Resesvation occupies 1,900,800 acres; that part of the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming occupies 2,001,480 acres; making a total occupied by reservations and parks of about 4,113,280 acres, and leaving only about 13,!:173,120 acres yet to be :rnrveyed.

United Sta.tes public-land laws.

The following information concerning the public land laws for the disposal of Gov­ ernment lands in Wyoming Territory may be useful to the intending immigrant: AU lands which are for sale or other disposal by the Government under geueral laws are known as public lands, and are divided into land districts, in each of which is a ]and office presided over by two officers, known respectively as the register and re­ ceiver. There are two of these land districts in this Territory. The register and receiver act as agents for the Government, and patents will be is­ s~ed for all lands sold or otherwise disposed of by them, if approved by the Commis­ s10ner of the General Land Office, Washington, D. C. Agricultural lands are-disposed of to actual settlers only under the homestead, pre­ emption, and timber-culture laws. Desert lands are such as will not produce crops without irrigation hy artificial means. Within the limits of railroad grants only the even-numbered sections are dil"posed of by the Government, and these are- known as double-rnini·mum iand, and when entered under the pre-emption law the price is $2.50 per acre. Outside tbe railroad limits the land is known as minimum, land, and is sold at $1.25 per acre. Citizenship is required, or a declaration to become a citizen of the United States, before any public lands can be taken in this Territory. Only one claim can be taken by the same person under each of the public land laws of the United States. . THE HOMESTEAD LAW.

. Every citizen of the United States who is over twenty-one years of age, or the head , of ~· family, can take 160 acres of the public lands (agricultural) by establishing a resHlence thereon and cultivating the same in good faith as a home for five years from the date of settlement; or if, after six months' residence and cultivation, such per­ soi:s so desire, they may commute their homestead claim by paying the Government pn~e therefor; or, if a soldier or sailor in the Army or Navy of the United States durmg the recent rebellion, and honorably discharged, the time of his service will be deducted from th_e :five years' residence required. But in such cases a residence of one year on the land becomes necessary before patent will be issued. 1050 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THB INTERIOR.

THE Pl~E-El\iPTION LAW.

Residence, cultivation, and sufficient improvements to show the good faith of the cla.mant are required. One hundred and sixty acres can be taken of a.gricultural land; qualification asto age and citizenship is the same as under the homestead law. The claimant must not be the owner of 320 acres of land, nor leave land of his own in this Territory (town lot excepted) in order to settle upon a pre-emption claim, nor take such claim for the purpose of E!)eculation instead of ret1idence and cultivation. The good faith of every claimant must be clearly established. He may change his pre-emption filing to a homestead by making proper application to the land office. Not less than six months' residence and improvement are re­ quired by law before payment can be made. On offered lands the declaratory statement must be filed within thirty days, and the final proof made within one year from the date of ra;ettlement. On itr10,ff1:red lands tbe declaratory statemeut must be filed within three months, and the :final proof made within thirty-three months from the date of settlement. The price for minimum land is $1.25, and for double-minimum land $2.50, per acre.

TIMBER-CULTURE LAW.

Qualifications of claimant the same as to age, citizenship, and good faith . .Amount of la,nd, 160 acres. Land must be devoid of timber. During the first year at least 5 acres must be plowed. The second year said 5 acres must be actually cul­ tivated to crop, and a second 5 acres plowed. The third year the first 5 acres must be planted in timber, seeds, or cuttings, and the second 5 acres actually cultivated to crop. The fourth year the second 5 acres must be planted in timber, seeds, or cut­ tings, making at the end of the fourth year 10 acres thus planted. If the claim is less than 160 acres the area plowed and planted will be in the same proportion as for 160 acres; that is, one-sixteenth of the claim. Not less than 2,700 tree must be planted on each acre, and there must be at least 675 living trees on each acre to entitle the claimant to patent at the expiration of eight years from date of entry. Residence in the Territory is not required for timber-culture.

COAL-LA:ND LAWS.

Same qualifications as to age and citizenship. . One person can purchase 160 acres of coal land. If within 15 miles of a completed railroad the price is $20 per acre; if outside that distance, $10. An association of per­ sons may purchase 3~0 acres, or an association of not less than four persons, who make an expenditure of $5,000 upon their claim, may purchase 640 acres, including their im- provements. · Coal-land declaratory statements must be filed within sixty days; and proof and payment made within one year from date of possession.

:MINING LAWS.

The mining laws of Wyoming are similar to those of other mining States and Ter­ ritories. DESERT·LA:XD LAW.

Any p0'l'son, a citizen or one who has or declared his intentions, twenty-one years of age, can file on 640 acres in compact form, not longer than li- miles, by paying ~5 cents an acre a~ filing,_ pro_ving np within three years (and paying $1 more) by conveying wat~r on ~t, cult1vatrng a hay or o~her crop, and reclaiming it from its desert charac­ ter, 1s en 1tle

LAND OFFICES.

The United States land offices are at Cheyenne and Evanston. Weather statistics from 1871 to 1885, inclusive.

[Compiled at the Signal-Service office, Cheyenne, Wyo. - means below zero.]

, ~.g 1 ,,, :,$' Q;(!) ,.0 0 ,...,. '"i5 r::: 'O A ..d (!) 1-- ,.c:::;:j ;.; ::; c\l ~ b.O ES (!) § t~::::: (!) (!) ~ 0 .a 0 0 -~Hl ·a ..::l ~;:::~ ~ ~ ~ H E-1 ~ H ~ ~ R ;:;) ------______... , 1871. ___ 24. 04 45. 6 ·--·---· 9.41 w. ------· ·----·-- 112 161 92 81 1872. ___ 24. 04 43. 3 ---·--·· --···--· 13. 79 w. 84. 937 ...... 115 165 8ti 94 1873. ___ 24. 01 44. 7 104 - 217 10.18 w. 81. 506 ······-- 134 172 57 72 1874. -- · 24. 01 45. 5 108 - 324 9. 75 w. 86. 469 ------128 163 74 72 1875. --· 24. 00 42. 7 498 - 238 12. 06 NW. 108. 008 ...... 108 169 '88 88 1876. --· 23. 99 44. 3 196 - 514 5. (18 NW. 100. 398 137 167 62 47 ···--6· -- 18i7- ••. 24. 00 44. 2 196 - 214 11. 71 NW. 95. 962 52 146 152 67 95 1878_ ··- 24 00 44. 2 192 _5]2 12. 64 NW. 84. 602 Gt,4 164 158 48 76 1879. - - . 24. 02 46. 8 195 - 624 7. 34 w. 96. 304 752 193 141 31 60 1880_ -·· 24. 01 42. 9 497 - 624 8. 38 NW. 99.192 262 172 155 39 84 1881-. •. 24. 02 45. S 1100. 5 - 212 11. 88 NW. 94. 606 52 162 144 59 99 1882 .••. 24. 02 43. 9 896 - 915. 5 8. 64 NW. 88. 856 652 162 156 47 70 1883_ •• _ 24. 00 42. 4 194 - 231 19. 24 NW. 82.100 652 186 119 115 1884_ ••. 23. 90 42. 6 493 - 328 15. 54 NW. 100.411 1056 195 129 62 101 1885 .••. 24. 00 44. 0 190 - 219 16.12 NW. 97. 713 356 143 179 42®I 115

I .Jul.V,, 3 February. 5 Df'cem1>er. 7 .April. 9November. 2 January. 4 June. 6 March. 8 Augm1t. 10 March and November.

Table Bhowing precipitation (minfall, melted snow, ?c,) at Cheyen·ne, Wyo., 1870 to 1886, by seasons and years.

[Compiled by S. R. Richey, observer United States Signal Office, Cheyenne, Wyo.J

Annual average. Years. Autumn. Winter. Spring. Summer. --~---- Year. Average. ------+------187~'71 ...... ···-.. --.... -····· ...... ---- ..... --.. . 0. 64 3. 22 3. 88 1871-'72 _••.• _• . ___ •..• _•• _ •••••• _...... 1. 64 o. 45 3. 98 8. 10 1871 9. 41 187~'73 - -··- ___ ••.••. _.•• _ .••••• -·····... . 1. 39 0. Oi 3. 99 4. 83 1872 13. 7!> 1873-'74 . _. ___ •. __ . _. _•• __ •••••••• _. _ ••••• _ 1. 23 o. 31)' 2. 85 3. 70 1873 10.18 1874-'75 - ·--. -- _-· _ -- . ___ -····· -··· •• -··. _. 2. 82 o. 54 1. 93 6. 94 1874 9. 75 1875-'76 __ •• _••. _•. ____ ••.•••• ___ •• __ ••••• _ 2. 78 0.11 3. 27 1. 15 1875 12. 08 187~'77 __ ·- __ • _. -· ••. --- _. _--- ·- _••. --·· ·- . 32 0. 55 4. 33 2. 53 1876 5. 03 1877-'78 ·-·-·--·······-----·-··--·-·-······ 4.18 0 54 5. 81 5. 64 1877 11. 71 1878-'79 ______• _. _. __ . __ ••• . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • . . 79 0- 71 3. 40 2. 37 1878 12. 64 1879-'80 •. -- __ . ··••••. -···- -··· •••••. -··· _ . 88 o. 46 o. 67 5. 17 1879 7. 34 188~'81 _--- ___ . ••••• -·-· _. ·-·· ·- --· _-- • __ . 2. 17 0. 66 3. 78 4 59 1880 8. 38 1881-'82 ·-----· ·-·--- ______· ··-·-- ---··· 2. 9·2 o. 21) 3. 25 4. 38 1881 11. 88 1882-'83 __ •••• _ . _____ . __ . __ .• __ • _ .••••• __ .. . 72 1. 23 7. 29 7. 30 1882 8. 64 1888-'8·~ _ . __ . . . •.••. __ • _..•••• ___ ••••.•••.. 2. 72 1. 82 7.75 4.17 1883 19. 24 1884-'85 _ .••• _. _•• ___ • _____ • __ . __ .•••.• _. _. 1. 93 2. 14 5. 60 6. 81 1884 15. 54 1885-'86 - _--· -· ·····--··· __ -·-· •• __ •. -·· ••• 2. 08 1. 52 2. 82 3. 84 1885 16.12

==:~:::::::::::::::::::::: ::: : : : : 1= =2=:==: -=::=!:==!=-=:=::=:=t===6=:::=:=:=1===7:=:=::==t===l==l=:==~=: :=:

Fox first eight months in 1886 total was 8.02 inches. 1052 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Table showing the variations and the mean ternperatnre, rainfall, and pre'¥am·ng winds at CheiJenne, Wyo., since Jan-ua•·y, 1875, compiled jl'om meteorological observa'i.011s made at the United States Signal Office.

·-s 5~ Thermometer. ...,_ 0 Year. Month. Barom-1__ ___,,-----,---1 § ~;:: ~ eter. E-~ o Mean. Max. Min. -.q ~ S ;J ----1------1------0 0 0 Inches. Milel. 1875 . ... January .....•.•••.•.••...... •.. 29. 795 12. 5 46 38 0. 32 w. Febrnary...... '.!9. 820 2:'i. 6 55 -11 0. 06 w. -:\farcll ...... •...... 29.810 24. 3 62 -9 o. 23 NW. A nril ...... • ...... • ...... 29. 945 36. 0 66 2 0. 50 NW. 54. 7 80 25 1.20 NW. 1{~~--·.·.·.·.·.-.·.·.·.·.-.·.·.·.·.·:.:::::: ::: ::: ~i: ~6! 63. 7 93 35 0. 29 w.. J a l.v . ....•.. ·.:...... • . . . . 30. 108 ti4-. 0 86 46 4. 53 NW. A u aust 30. 05:3 03. 2 88 36 2.12 NW. 1 56. 0 87 28 1. 34 NW. 8~~b~rl;~~ ::~~ ::.:.::_: ::~:::: ::::: :: :i: m 47. 9 75 11 0. 60 NW. N ovember ...... •..••.•. 29. 857 30. 3 60 -20 0. 84 w. December ...... •...••... 29. 850 33.4 57 3 o. 03 NW. 1876 .... January ...... 29. 851 23. 8 54- l 0. 02 w. 1 30. 7 58 0 0. 1)0 w. Sit'a~-~t ? :~::::::::::::: :: : : : : : : : : ~i: m 26. 8 60 3 0. 55 xw. April ...... 29. 8!J4 42. 4 75 4 0. 22 w. Ma y ...... 29. 904 50. 6 81 27 2. 50 NW. June...... 30. 010 60.£ 93 28 o. 10 w. July ...... • . . . . • . . . . • ...... • 30. 035 72. 3 96 44 o. 79 s. An1r11 st ...... -...... •... 30. 027 (iO. 5 92 34 o. 26 w . September ...... 30.052 57. 3 86 27 o. 00 1'i--W. October...... 29. 944 46. 9 75 23 0. 00 NW. l\ ovew ber ...... • • • • • . . • . . • • . . . 2!J. 453 33. 2 69 0 o. 32 w. December ...... •...... •.....•... 29. 894 23. 4 53 -14 o. 21 NW. 1877 . ... January ...... •••...•.•.. 29.898 25. 0 50 -14 o. 20 w. February ...... •....•...... 30. 007 , 31. 6 58 13 0.14 NW. March . . • . . . • . • ...... 2!J. 834 35. 9 67 -2 o. 98 w. April...... 29. 858 38. 2 67 9 1. 11 N. MaI . . . . • • • . • . . • • • . • . • • ...... • . . . . 29. 824 50. 8 81 27 2. 24 SE. June . .•...... •...•..•.... 29. 959 5!1. 0 87 32 1. 27 s. July ...... •...•...... 30.089 70. 2 96 43 0.43 s. 07. 9 91 44 0.83 s. 56. 2 83 27 2. 02 w. ti~!~;:~~~-:·:·:·::::::::::::::::::::: ~i: i~i 40. 0 77 3 1. 99 w. November ..•..••..••..••.•..••... 29. 942 30. 1 55 -12 0.17 W. December...... 29. 953 t 28. 9 64 -10 o. 33 w. 1878 .... January ...... 29. 879 25. 3 49 -9 0.08 NW. F ebruary ... ,...... 29. 780 39. 0 58 6 0.13 NW. March ...... • • ...... 29. 868 38. 7 70 13 L 16 NW. .A.pril ...... 2!J. 773 43. 5 71 19 o. 19 NW. M ay.·-· ....•...... 29. 907 47. 9 76 28 4. 46 NW. June ...... •...... 30. 025 58. 0 86 35 1. 71 l\W. July ...... •...... 30. 049 70. 2 92 44 1. 43 s. .August ...... 30. 09i 68. 3 81 45 2. 50 NW. eptem bet· . • ...... :io. 023 52. 4 87 23 0. 75 NW. October...... • ...... 29. 9i6 4:!. 4 73 -4 o. 04 NW. t- O'l"Plll 01"1' . • • . . • • . . • • . . • • . • . • . . . . . 29. 998 30. 7 67 2 o. 00 NW. lJe<'oni 1.J er ...... • • • ...... 29. 947 20. 0 56 -12 O. lY NW. ---·--· 1879 ... J ann .,ry . • ...... • . . •...... 29. 96 24. 3 60 -15 0. 32 NW. 46 FPbrnary...... W. 876 31. 5 59 -06 0. 20 NW. 50 Marcil ...... •. . ...•.••.••••. ... :?9. 951 39. 3 77 8 0. 44 N W. 44 Apnl ...... W. 92il 44. 3 7:! 22 1. 66 X. 52 5li. 3 86 1. 30 s. 43 li4. 1 O'.

Table showing the var·iations and mean temperatures, rainfall, 9·c.-Continued.

.... l'-'d tA. oi.. Thermometer. 0 ~Cl) ;=:jr"O .s Cl) ~::::~ ·ca o·S ~ P<~ Month. Ilarom- ~ ~ Year. etor. g~~ ~ ..co,::::+--4 i-1~8 Mean. Max. Min. ~-§ s iii p':;"' 0 ~-... ~ ------0 0 0 0 Inches. .Miles. 63 4 0. ;)2 NW. 46 1881.. .. March ...•...... ••...... 29. 889 34. 4 29. 939 43. 3 75 Vl 2. 32 NW. 46 29. 900 54 3 79 32 1. 14 NW. 48 ~~~~:::: ::::::: :::::: :::. :: ::: :: : 1.22 NW. 36 June ...... ···············--······ 2~. 844 67. 7 97 43 July._ .. _...... -- 29. 958 69. 7 105 45 1.40 s. 32 29. 983 68. 0 95 47• 1. 97 s. 32 30. 008 53.5 86 31 1. 75 NW. 40 30.164 43. 9 76 17 0. 88 NW. 36 !i~~!~~~::::: ::::: :: ::::::: ::~ ~: 40 30.229 31. 6 56 9 0. 29 NW. November-·------············,-· 0. 01 NW. 48 December-···········----········ 30. 308 32. 0 58 11 60 -12 0.14 NW. 41 1882 .••. January---·-----···-··-····-··-·· 30.120 25.4 30.166 30. 7 55 4 0.05 NW. 48 if.~~~ha?::::::::::::::::::: : : : : : : 30.135 34. 6 69 3 0.06 NW. 52 0. 46 NW. 48 April ··-······--···-··-····- ···-·· 29. !J22 40. 3 74 15 29. 857 45. 7 77 23 2. 73 s. 36 ¥u~e: ::: : : : : : : ::: : :: :::: :: : : :: :: : ·. 29. 783 59. 2 89 38 1. 85 NW. 32 NW. 36 July···-·-·········-···········-·- 29. 860 64.1 92 38 2. 30 . 29. 890 65. 0 96 43 0. 23 NW. 24 29. !)69 56.1 87 32 0. 35 w. 32 29. 982 43. 7 75 13 0. 31 w. 36 !i~i~~~~::::::::: ~::::::: ~:::::: NW. 38 November········-······-··--···· 30. 280 32.0 65 -16 0. 06 December ..•.....•.... _...... _. 30. 254 29. 6 58 -15 0.10 NW. 44 0. 88 NW. 49- 1883 .... January-······--·······-···-····· 30.134 21. 0 54 -31 30. 257 18. 9 55 -28 0. 25 w. 32 rret~i:?.::::::::::::: :: :::: ::: ::: 30.171 37. 5 94 13 0. 85 NW. 38 2. 76 NW. 40 April········-·········-···-···-·· 29. 884 37.1 ()9 17 29. 842 46. 3 82 25 3. 68 N. 48 ¥u~e: :::::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::: 29. 838 57. 5 91 34 3. 67 s. 28 29. 847 64. 0 94 41 1. 45 s. 27 July··········-···--·············· 26 August········-················-· 29. 894 63. 9 90 36 2. 18 s. 30. 042 55. 3 83 30 0. 90 NW. 26 30. 008 39. 3 73 7 ]. 66 NW. 48 ~eg~bi::~~~ :: : : : : : : : : : '. :: : : : : : : : : : ~ NW. 40 November·····-·················· 30. 204 38. 2 66 16 0.10 · 30. 268 29.6 GO -11 o. 80 NW. 52 -11 0. 76 NW. 48 1884 . ... f:i!~r~e~.:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : I 30. 233 23. 6 50 30. 109 23. 7 50 -28 0. 26 NW. 50 if~r~:?::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30. 024 30.8 59 2 1. 59 NW. 56 36. 2 70 18 1. 33. NW. 24 29. 938 1 29. 9l9 49. 6 80 22 4. 83 NW. 34 20. 844 61.1 93 43 1. 50 s. 43 rE\ ::: :: :: ::: : :::: :: ::: ::: : :: ::: 34 July ...... 29. 801 65.6 90 44 "o. 60 NW. 29. 859 61.1 86 40 2. 07 NW. 36 29. 887 56.5 82 28 1.25 NW. 45 30.110 47. 6 77 10 0. 50 NW. 42 !i~i:~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: NW. 56 November··-··-·················· 30. 297 36. 2 66 2 o. 18 December 30.116 18. 8 61 -13 o. 67 w. 44 51 -19 0. 16 NW. f>2 885 .••. 30.166 23. 6 30.125 24.6 52 -12 1. 31 NW. 56 ~!!F~: 30. 231 38. 7 61 3 o. 51 NW. 46 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ii~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 29. 942 .(0, 7 65 19 3. 76 NW. 40 ~~~1-:::::::::: :: ::::::::::: :::::: 29. 858 4U. 7 79 22 1. 33 NW. 36 29. 801 57.6 81 35 2. 75 s. 50 June .. ----···-···················· 29. 811 65. 7 90 45 1. 92 NW. 47 29. 935 62. 2 87 40 2.14 NW. 39 29. 938 55. 7 85 34 0 69 NW. 44 if~~;;:::;;);):::;:;;;:\ ii 30. 099 45. 7 75 14 0. 28 NW. 36 NW. 44 November ...... --··-··-····-·--·· 30.161 39. 0 67 ]6 1.11 December 30. 251 113. 3 64 -12 0.16 NW. 52 52 NW. 52 886 .... January·········-····-·-···-····· 30.113 21. 6 51 -27 o. 30. 217 33. 4 63 9 0. 84 NW. 46 if.~~clla?: :: : : : : : ::: : : ::: :: : :::: :: 30. 074 29. 6 6() -16 1. 36 NW. 56 .April ...... ·····-.····-· ...... 29. 908 38.4 73 4 1. 14 s. 40 29. 938 55. 2 85 22 0.32 NW. 30 ru~: :: .-:: ::: ::::::: ::: ::: :: : :: :: : 29. 805 59. 3 89 40 1. 52 s. 29 29.801 69. 2 96 46 o. 71 s. 32: 1. 61 ...... • i~:iat :::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::: :: 66. 3 ...... 1054 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Altitudes in Wyoming.

CITIES, TOWNS, CAMPS, AND FORTS.

Names. Altitude. Names. Altitude.

Feet. Feet. Archer ...... •.•.. 6, 0;!5 Greenville...... 6, 560 7, 809 Hallville...... 6,590 !i~~;1_ :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6,820 Hampton ...... 6, 500 Atla11tic City ...... 7 6ti6 Harney ...... - ...... 7,882 Barrel Springs ...... 6: 854 Hart.vUle ...... 4, 700 Baxter ...... 6,300 Hazard ...... 6, 357 Bitter Cre~k ...... 6,675 Hillsdale...... 5, 626 Black Butte ...... 6,548 Howell ...... 7, 090 Boleter ...... •••.. 4,325 Independence Rock...... 6,187 Bridger ...... •...... 6,758 .Jackson's Hole ...... 6,000 6 3')3 Laramie City . . . . . • ...... 7, 143 ~cii"~~d:::: ·.·_·_·_·_·_·_-· ·.·.·_·: :: ::::::::::: 7: 808 Latba1n ...... 6, 900 Camp Brown (old Fort vYashakie) ... 5,447 Lander ...... •.•...... Camp Brown ...... •...... 5,498 Lawrence...... 6, 200 · 7,707 Leroy...... 7, 100 8!:~ ~'lll>°:c~~: ::::::::::::::::::: 6, 449 Lookout...... 7, 184 Carbon ...... •...... 6,758 Marston ...... •...... 6,245 Carter ...... 6,530 Medicine Bow ...... 6, 560 Cheyenne ...... 6,075 Miller ...... • ...... 5, 908 1 0, 058 Millis...... • ...... 6, 790 8~!~~~ ~t1i~~~:-~:~~~~~-::::::: :: :: : 6,298 Miser...... 6,824 Como ...... 6,691 Mud Volcanoes (Yellowstone Park).. 7,712 Cooper's La,ke ...... 7,061 Otto...... 6,754 Croston ...... 7,026 Pacific Springs ...... 7, 144 Dana ...... 6,878 Deer Creek Agency, abandoned .... . 5,000 ir:a:i'o'~t ::: ::: ::: ::::::::::::: :::: :: ~: ~gg Devil's Gate ...... 6,028 Pierre's Hole ...... • ...... • . . . . . 6, 515 E_gbert ...... ••• ..... 5,307 Pine Bluff ...... • ...... 6, 400 Encampment Meadows ...... 8,171 Point of Rocks...... 5, 061 Evanston ...... 0, 870 Hawlins ...... •...... 6,730 Fairbank ...... 4,620 Red Buttes ...... 7, WO Fillmore ...... 6,885 Red Desert ...... 6, 703 Fort Aspen hut, aba.ndoued ...... 7,630 Rock Creek...... 6,702 Fort Bridger ...... 6,753 Sand Creek ...... •...... Fort Fett~rman (Platte bottom) ... . . 4,973 Saint M:1ry's...... 6,265 Fort Halleck, abandone

• TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1055

A.ltitunes in Wyoming-Continued.

MOUNTAIN"S.

Names. Mountain ran~e. Altitude.

Peet. Big Horn ...... 8,000 to 12,(100 Black Batte...... 8, 176 i!i~£gL;;:: i;: ::;:;: ::::: ••• •: •ri:'.r l~i;::; ••·; •:•;; ••;: ;;: :;: ::; • •; •; • ,i li Delbam Peak ...... do ...... _ ...... 11, 524 Mount Doane ...... Yellowstone ...... 10,118 Elk .hlountam ...... Medicine Bow ...... , 11,511 }<'lat Mountain...... 9,704 Fremont's Peak ...... , ...... Wind River...... 13, 57(1 tr~a:ndt r:;c:~~~~.t.:::::::: ::::::::::::: :: rn~n·.::::::: :::::·. :::::: :: : : : : : : : : :: :::: }j: ~~: ~fJt~t~ ~;t::::::::::::::::::::::::::: t~i~i~l:s~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: I~~ Laramie Peak ...... •...... do ...... 11,000 rl:Ct~i~?#:a~ ::: :: : : :: :: : : ::: :: : : : : : : : : : : ·r~~k·: :: :.·:: :.·: :: ::: ::.-: :: : : : : : : : : : ::: _- .·.· 7,000 to 1~: ~~~ Medicine Bow ...... : 8. 000 to 12, 000 Mount Moran...... Teton...... 12,800 Muddy Mountain...... Park ...... 8,012 ~~r~/Mff:i'i~~i~-:~~~~~.:::::::::: :: :::::: ·o-~i·c;·~~k :::: ::::::::::::::::::: :.::: :: :. 1i: i~~ Pine Bluff...... 8,878 8~f!;1fot:rt~:: :: :: :: :::::: :::::::: :::::: ·u~t;h·::::::::::::: ::::::::::: :::: :::::: · ~: ~~~ Rawhide Peak...... •...... •...... H, 370 Reu Mountain ...... s...... !l, 806 River Butte ...... : ...... • . . . . 7 872 Rock Mountain...... •• ...... (i; R85 Sailor Mountain ...... 10, 046 Saint Mary's Peak...... • ...... 7, 722 Sa,nder's Peak .. :...... 9,077 iEftff;~:r; tt? •• •• ::: ~ ~:::: •~ti:;~~ i:; ::: • • • • •::: •::::::: ••• •:: •: 1if! Mount Steele ...... Medicine Bow ...... 7, 771 Talllellock...... 7,551 ;::t~t}: N~~di~~:::::: :: :: : : : :: ::: :: : : : : : .~~~~~.~.~~~~-:::: :: :: : : : ::: ::: :: : : : : ~:: 1~: ~~~ Mouut Washburn...... 10,388 Young's Peak ...... Seminoe ...... 9, 000

• RIVERS.

Names. Altitude. Names. Altitude.

Big Horn: Feet. Yellowstone: Peet. At its source ...... 7,527 Yellowstone Lake ...... 7,788 Mouth Popo Agie ...... 5, 34-7 Top of Upper ]'alls (height of falls Gre~'R:~:~/g Horn Range ...... 3, 634 140 feet) ...... 7,693 Top of Lower Falls (height of falls A.t Gre<>n River City ...... 6,130 397 feet) ...... 7,485 N ortl1 Platte : , Mouth of Tower Creek ...... 6,207 At Fort Steele ...... •...... 6,800 Mouth of Gardner's River ...... : . . . 5,360 Fort Laramie ...... 4,250 Powder River: Twenty.five miles of Fort Laramie .. 3,985 At Old Fort Reno ...... •...... 4,340 Snake River: Clear Fork, Powder River ...... ••.. 4,560 Head ...... •...... •...... 7,986 'l'ongne River, average ...... •••.. 3,500 Shoshone Lake .••.....••••••.••...•. 7,870 Belle Fourche ...... •...... •••. 3,736 Lewis' Lake ...... •..••.....•••..•.. 7,828 Chug Water, at mouth •••...... ••..••. 4,500 Jackson's Lake .....•.••..••••..••.• 6,806

,, 1056 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Post-offices in the Territ-Ory of Wyoming.

(Corrected from the books of the Post.Office Department, September 1, 1886.)

Offices in italics are money-order offices. Those marked -with the asterisk (*) are interna,tional as well as domestic money-order offices.

Town. County. Town. County.

.A.lruond .••.•..••..•....•.••...... Sweetwater ... J Rubert .....•...... Laramie. Arlan,! ...... Fremont ...•.. Hulett ...... Crook. Uinta ...... In_yan Kara ...... Crook. 1tt~~~i~·cit1/ ~ ~: ::::::: ::: :::::::: Fremont .•.... Iron Mountain ...... Laramie. Carbon ...... Laramie. ~~!~'!r·::::::::::: :."::: :: :: : : : : : : : Johnson ...... isl~~~t~:: :~::: ~ :: :: : : :: :: : : : : :: · Albany. Beckton ...... ••...... Johnsoll .•.... Lander (court.house) ...... Fremont. Beulah ...... Crook ...... *Laramie City (c,mrt·house) ...... Albany. Big Horn ....•...... Johnson ...... Leah ...... Albany. Uinta.: ..•.... Leo ...... •...... Carbon. ~l!gt~i:y.:::::::::::::::: :: : : : : : : Johnson ...... Little Bear ...... Laramie. Bordeaux ...... Laramie ...... Little Borse Creek ...... Laramie. Bryan ...... Sweetwater .. . Lookout ...... •...... Albany. Buffalo (court.house) ...... Johnson ...... Lusk ...... •...... Laramie. Burnt Fork ...... Uinta ...... Lyons ...... Fremont. Carbon ...... ••.....•...... Carbon ...... Mammoth Bot Springs ...... National Park Ca1:ter ...... ••. Uinta ....••... Reservation. Cent,.ennial...... Albany ....•.. Medicine Bow ...... Carbon. *Cheyenne City (court-house) ...... Laramie ...... Meeteetse ...... Fremont. Laramie .••... M.illersbnrgh ...... •...... Laramie. 8~~;v"%!~~~: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Uinta ...... Miner's Delight...... Fremont. Collins ...... Carbon ...... Moran . ....•.••...... Laramie. Cooper ...... Albany ...... Ohlman ...•...... Johnson. Fremont ...... Phillips ....••...•...... Laramie. g~:~tJ~;;:::::::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : Albany ...... Piedmont ...... ••...... Uinta. Dallas ...... •...... Fremo!).t .• , .. . Pine Bluff...... Laramie. Davis Ranch ...... Laramie ...... Po\>der River...... Johnson. Johnson ...... Raw Ride Butte ...... Laramie. ~!~;°c~~~k::::::::::::::::: :: : : : : Albany ...... *llawli:ns (court house) ...... Carbon. Dexterville ...... Carbon ...... River Si

• TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1057

Official distances from Cheyenne, Wyo., to the following places (takenfrom table prepared by authority of the Secretary of War).

Places. Distance. Places. Distance.

Miles. Miles • Boston, Mass .....••...... •.•..... 2,151 .JacksonvHle, Fla .•...... •.•...•••. 1,901 Baker City, Oreg ...... •...•...... 946 Kansas·City, Mo ...... •.•.•.... 716 Blackfoot, Idaho ...... •...... 595 Laramie, Fort, Wyo ..•...... ••... 88 Boulder, Colo ••...... ••••. 92 Laramie City, Wyo ...... •. 57 Carter, Wyo ...... •...... 388 Lincoln, Nebr·····- ················· 455 - Chicago, :m ... : .....••...... ], 006 Little Rock, Ark ...... 1, 186 Cincinnati, Ohio ...•....•...•...... 1,233 Los Angeles, Cal ...... •...... 1,552 Cleveland, Ohio ...... •.•.•.•••...... 1,350 Louisville, Ky ...... •...... 1,194 Custer, Fort, Mont .••..••.....•....•.. 449 McKinney, J:"ort, Wyo ...... 332 D. A.. Russell, Fort, Wyo ....•...... 3 Milwaukee, Wis ••••.•...... 1,026 Davenport, Iowa .•••...... •....•..... 836 Minneapolis, Minn ..•...... 880 868 Montreal, Canada ...... 1,843 B:~~~i·. ~~~~::::::::::: :::::: ::: :: : 1,038 New York City, N. Y ...... 1,918 Denver, Colo .••...... ••....•••••..••. 106 Ogden, Utah .••...... •...••..•...... 515 Des Moines, Iowa ...... •••••...... 660 Omaha, Nebr ...•...... 516 Detroit, Mich ...... ••. 1,278 Philadelphia, Pa ...... ], 827 Dubuque, Iowa ...... •...... 853 Portland, Oreg .....•...... •..•..... 1,303 Evanston, Wyo ...... 439 Providence, R. I ...... 2,011 :Fetterman, Fort, Wyo ...... 189 103 Fort ·worth, Tex ...... 1,109 ~~~hli:s~~;;~y·:: ::::::: :::::: :: :::: 1,582 Fred Steele, Fort, Wyo ...... 178 Saint Louis, Mo ...... •.•...... 929 Fremont, Nebr ...... 470 Salt Lake City, Utah ...•...... 55:1 Galveston, Tex ...... •...... 1,432 San Diego, Cal ...... ••...... 1,649 359 San Francisco, Cal...... 1,348 8[!~ifRlv~~~~::: :: :: :: : ~:: ::::: :::::: 329 Santo Fe, N. Mex ...... 588 Rartf'orcl ...... 1,939 Sidney, Nebr ...... 102 Helena, Mont ...... •. 922 Washakie, Fort, Wyo ...... 340 Indianapolis ...... 1,122 Washington, D. C .... , ....•...... 1,819 J' ackson, Miss .•...... •...... ••..... 1,.414

:FEDERAL, TERRITORIAL, AND COUNTY OFFICERS IN WYOMING. Joseph M. Carey, Delegate to Congress. Ji'edemlofficers.-FrancisE. Warren, governor; Elliott S. N. Morgan, secretary; John W. Lacey, chief justice; Jacob B. Blair, associate justice; Samuel T. Corn, associate justice; .Anthony C. Campbell, United States attorney; T. Jeff. Carr, United States marshal; John C. Thompson, surveyor-general; Edgar S. Wilson, Cheyenne, register of land office; Ed win D. Steele, Evanston, register of land office; William M. Gar­ ra.rd, Cheyenne, .receiver of public moneys; William T. Shaffer, Evanston, receiver of publfo moneys; James .A. George, Cheyenne, H. R. Fry, and C. D. Ridley, special agents of General Land Office; C. C. :Fenner, Rawlins, United States deputy revenue collector. Territorial officers.-Mortimer N. Grant, auditor; WHliam P. Gannett, treasurer; Hugo Donzelmann, attorney.general; John Slaughter, librarian and superintendent of pu bJic instruction; Joseph B. Adams, insurance commissioner; Samuel .Aug hey, geologist; Robert C. Morris, stenographer; James D. Hopkins, veterinarian; Newell Beeman, inspector of coal mines; Otto Gramm, fish commissioner. Penitentiary commissioners.-Luke Murrin, Cheyenne; Frank M. Foote1 Evanston; John C. Dyer, Rawlins. Commission to 1·ei·ise the statutes.-J. W. Blake, Laramie City; Willis Van Devanter, Cheyenne; Isaac P. Caldwell, Laramie City. New capitol building cormnission.-Erasmus Nagle, Cheyenne; Charles N. Potter, Cheyenne; Morton E. Post, Cheyenne; Nathaniel R. Davis, Cheyenne i Nicholas J. O'Brien, Cheyenne. Univcrsil.lJ building comrnission.-John W. Donnellan, Laramie City; Leroy Grant, Laramie City; Robert Marsh, Laramie City. Unirersity board of trnstees.-James H. Hayford, Laramie City; J. H. Finfrock, Lara­ mie. City; John W. Hoyt, Cheyenne; W. H. Holliday, Laramie City; Edward Iviu­ son, La.ramie City; Melville C. Brown, Laramie City; Samuel .A.ughey, Cheyenne. Commissioner to select university lands.-F. 0. Sawin, Laramie City. Insane asylum building commission.-.A.. C. Beckwith, Evanston; C. D. Clark, Evans­ ton; William Hinton, Evanston. Board of trustees for the deaf and dumb.-Elias W. Whitcomb, Cheyenne; George C. Rafter, Cheyenne; Fred G. Palmer, Rawliµs. C(lm11iission<"J·s of pharmacy.-E. D. Woodruff, Rock Springs; Fred P. Shannon, Carbon; A. Richard Troxell, Cheyenne. 6737 I-VOL 2--67 1.058 REPORT OF THE SECRET.ARY OF THE INTERIOR. County officers in Wyoming, January 1, 1886.

[Elected November, 1884; tetms, two years.) PROBATE JUDGES AND EX.OFFICIO COUNTY TREASURERS.

County. Name. Post-office addreee.

Albany ...... ••...... ••...... •••••...•.. Otto Gramm ...... Laramie City. Carbon ...... • . . . . • • ...... • ...... JD_.1?.. GKamellmeyon· ·. ·. ..· · ·. ..• • .· .· .· .· .·: ..· · •. ·. ..· · Rawlins. Crook ...... Sundance. Fremont . .•••...... •.... H.G.Nickerson ...... -········ Lander. Johnson ...... ••...... S. T. Farwell ...... ••...... Buffalo. Laramie ...... ••...... •...... Isaac Bt1rgman ...... Cheyenne. Sweetwater ...... Alfred Young ...... •...... Green River. Uinta .••••...... •.....•.... F. H. Harrison ...... •.....•.. Evanston

SHERIFFS.

Albany ...... William .A.. Jameson ...... Laramie City. Carbon ...... • . . . • ...... • . .. . •······1 . . .•. James G. Rankin...... ·1 Rawlins. Crook ...... ••.•..••..•••.... James R:yan ...... •...... Sundance. F1·emont...... J. J . ..A.tkms...... Lander. JohnsonLaramie ...... ···············1 ...... N.F. M.N. CraigCanton ...... ···1. . . Buffalo.Cheyenne. Sweetwater ...... Joseph Young ...... Green River. Uinta...... J. J. LeCain...... Evanston.

COUNTY CLERKS .A.ND EX.OFFICIO REGISTERS OF DEEDS.

Albany...... George W. Fox ...... •. Laramie City. Carbon ...... • . . W. L. Evans ...... Rawlins. Crook ...... John S. Harper ...... Sundance. Fremont...... • . . J . .A.. McAvoy...... Lander. Johnson...... N. G. Carwile...... Buffalo. Laramie...... • . John K. Jeffrey...... Cheyenne. Sweetwater...... Edw. J.'Morris ...... Green River. Uinta ...... John Stone ...... Evanston.

COUNTY .A.ND PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.

Albany ...... H. V. S. Groesbeck ...... Laramie City. <..:arbou ...... ~ .....••... Z. T . Brown ...... Rawlins. Crook ...... B. F. Fowler ...... Sundance. J<'remont ...... Lander. Johnson ...... t: /:Ji~ff;.::::::::::::::::::: Buffalo. Laramie ...... E.W. Mann ...... Cheyenne. Sweetwater ...... •.... Green River. Uinta ...... t:18i~~t~.~~::::::::::::::::: Evanston.

COUNTY CORONERS.

Albany ...... L. S. Barnes ...... Laramie City. Carbon ...... George W. Durant ...... Rawlins. Crook ...... T. D. Sherwood ...... Sundance. Fremont ...... Samuel Iams...... Lander. Johnson ...... J. C. Watkins...... Buffalo. Laramie ...... • ...... •••••...... • . H. W. Moore...... Cheyenne. weetwa.ter ...... 0. S. Johnson ...... Green River. Uinta ...... A.. H. Brisbing .••.•...... Evanston.

COUNTY ASSESSORS.

&!~t~~ :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : I J!!!1ir8a!~~~t.~~:::::::::::::::: ~!~if~:. City. Crook ...... G. M. Wood...... Sundance. Fr mon t ...... J. W. O'N cal...... Lander. Johnson ...... C. A. Farwell ...... Bulfalo. Laramie ...... W. W.Jeffrey ...... \ Cheyenne. , we twater... •• ...... •. • .• .••... W.W. Patterson...... Green River. Uinta...... B. F. Tregea...... , Eva.IU1ton. TERRITORY OF WYOMING. 1059

County offioas in Wyoming, January l, 1886-Contill(·rnd.

COUNTY SURVEYORS.

County. Name. Post.office addresa.

Albany·----·------·-····---··· .....•.• ·--··· W. O. Owen .••...•. ·-··········· Laramie City. Carbon··········· ··-·--· ....••...... • Rawlins. Crook·-···· .•...•..•. . v ••••••••••••••••••••• Sundance. Fremont ...... ••.•...••...... ••..•...... r.~~Ji ·:::::::::::::::::::: Lander. Johnson: .••...... ••.....••••..••••. J.B. Menarde ...... •..•..•.•.•. Buffalo. Laramie ...... •...... •...... H. A.Roy ..•.....•...... •.... Cheyenne. Uinta ...... •...... •. J.M. Sights ...... •...... •.. Evanston.

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS.

Albany •.•.••...... ••..•• _...... Mrs. Helen Bradshaw Grant.... Laramie City. Carbon ...... • ...... • ...... • . • • . • . • • • . Mrs. Lizzie W. Smith ...... Rawlins. Crook ...... •••. ···--· Mrs. P. Pattee ...... •..•.•. Sundance. Fremont ...... •...... ••.•.....•••....•... Mrs. T. E. Caldwell .•.•.. ..•. .. Lander. Johnson ...... ••• _.. Mrs. Stella Green...... Buffalo. Laramie ...... ··············-···· ..•••. Dr. W. A. Wyman ...... - ...... Cheyenne. Sweetwater...... • ...... • . . • . Mrs. Amanda B. Tisdel...... Rock Springs. Uinta...... Rev. F. L. Arnold ...... Evanston,

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.

Albany ...... •..•...... •..•...... J, H. Finfrock ...... •.....•... Laramie City. John McGill ...... ••...... Do. J. J. Strode •..•.•..•••...... Do. Carbon ....•••.••.••...•...... •....•.. W.Brauer ...... •...•••. Rawlins. John Thode ...... •.... Do. M. E. Hocker ..••.•...... •... Do. Crook·····-································· W. J. McCrea •.....•...... Sundance. A. C. Settle . .... -•..••...•....•. Do. W. H. Harlow ..• ...... Do. Fremont .•...... •.•.••...... R.H.Ffall .•...... ••. Lander. .Do .•••• ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• H.E.Blinn ...... •..•.... Do. Do ....•.•..•...... •...... •...•••....•.. A. J. McDonald ...... Do. Johnson .•.•.•...... ••...•....•...•..... George Brundage .....•...... Buffalo. Do ....•••.....•...... •...... •...... •. J, P. Marks ...... Do. Do ...... •.•...•...... •••••.•••...... William Garrard ...... Do. Laramie ...... George W. Hoyt ...... •.•.... Cheyenne. Do ..••...... •...... ••...... ••. H.B. Kelley ...... •..•...... Do. Do ...... •..••.....••...... I. C. Whipple ...... Do. Sweetwater ...... •...... •...... George W. Richards ..••••.•.... Green River. Do ...... W. H. O'Donald ..•...... Rock Springs. Do . ... , ...... •...... R. E. Son ...... : ...... •. Green River. Uinta ...... •...... J. Van A. Carter .••.....•...... Evanston. Do ...... •...... J. C. Winslow ...... •. Do. Do ...... •....•...... P. J. Downs .....•...•••.•...... Do.

Organizat.ion of the ninth legislative assernbly (convened January, 1886).

Officers of the council.-Hon. J. W. Blake, .presiclent; William F. Hosford, chief clerk; C. W. Spalding, assistant chief clerk; William R. Wightman, engrossing and enrolling clerk; C. W. Hobart, assistant engrossing and enrolling clerk; John M. Finley, messenger; Jonathan Pugh, watchman; Rev. George C. Rafter, chaplain; Albert Granger, page; Charles Cushinberry, janitor. Officers of the House.-Hon. John S. Kerr, speaker; Frank H. Clark, chief clerk; Fred W. Ransom, assistant chief clerk; F. E. Bosworth, enrolling and engrossing clerk; J. l!'. Crawford, assistaut enrolling and engrossing clerk; W. H. Hibbard, sergeaut-at·arrns; Joseph Edwards, watchman; 0. P. Yelton, doorkeeper; Ha-rry Long, messenger; Rev. D. L. Rader, chaplain; Ralph Porter and John T. Cahill, pages; Charles Russell, janitor. 1060 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL.

Na.me. County. Post-office addre88.

Laramie City. . ~:s~ ..rj-;!ii>t :m: :::::: ::: : :: :::: :: :::::::::::::: !!::t~-~ ::::::::: ·.:::::: :: :: : Ernnston. Rock Springs. Rawlins. Evauston. Do. 1 Cheyenne. Laramie. Big Ilorn. i'.:iii:; [iiiiii l/i;ii ii'. ii ii; -!l!iJi f;i::::: ::: l'.i:::: Laramie. l!J!iilji Cheyenne. W1·ight, C. W ...... do ...... Do.

MEMBERS OF TilE HOUSE.

Rock Springs. Laramie. Do. Rawlins. 11 1 Hat Creek. Cbeyeune 1 ILUH\ Carbon. i~~it\/H\H\) Htt :~fIf Cheyenne. ~f~:::r!~~·::::: ::: ::: :: : :: :::: ::: :::: :: :: :: :: :: ~:~:i~~t :::::::::: ::::::: :: : Miner's Delight. Tie Siding. fgti~!·, f N: ::::::: ::: :: : ::::::::::::::~:: ::: ::: fJ~:~!n· :::::::: :: :::: ::: :: : Buffalo. Mathews, .John A ...... Carbon ...... Dixon. Cheyenne, Do. ;~~:{f }~1~;::::::::::: ~::: ~:::::::::::::::::: :~~~~!t::::::::::::::::::::: Do. Robins, W. A ...... do ...... Do. Russell, JohnL ...... Uinta ...... Almy. Seaton, R. B ...... do ...... Evanston. Simmons, William ...... do •...... Burnt Fork. Laramie. Cheyenne. Laramio. ti,btttf i: :::::: :: :: :): :::::: :: ::: : :: .~~~; :::;; ;:: ::: : : :: :. Rock Springs. Williams, Frank...... Carbon ...... Saratogo.

TIME OF HOLDING COURTS.

Supreme court. General term held at Cheyenne on the third Monday in January of each year, John W. Lacey, chief justice; Jacob B. Blair and Samuel T. Corn, assistant justice!!; J. W. Bruner, clerk. Firat judicial diatrict. Laramie and Crook Counties, Judge Lacey presiding. General terms held at Chey­ enne, for Laramie County, on the fourth Monday in May and on the second Monday in November. John K. Jeffrey, clerk, Cheyenne. At Sundance, for Crook County, one term, ou the first Tuesday in August of each year. John S. Harper, deputy clerk, Sundance. Second judicial diatrict. AU,an_y and Johnson Counties, Judge Blair presiding. General terms held atLar· amie 'ity, for Albany County, on the second- Monday in March and on the second Mon

At Green River City, for Sweetwater County, on the fourth Monday in _April ~nd on the fourth Monday in September. Alfred Young, deputy clerk, Green River C1t,y. At Rawlins, for Carbon County, on the second Monday in Ma,y and on the second Monday in October. D. C. Kelley, deputy clerk, Rawlins. At Lander, for Fremont County, on the first Monday of July, E. F. Cheney, deputy clerk, Lauder. Commissioners of deeds in different States for Wyoming.

' ;,,:] [Appointed for two years.]

States. Name. Post-office address. Term expires.

California ...... James L. King...... San Francisco ...... Feb. 7, 1887. Do ...... Ed ward Chattin...... •. do ...... Mar. 27, 1887. ~ Do ...... George F. Knox ...... do ...... June 12, 1888. Coloratlo ...... Charles F. Sawyer ...... Denver .. -,: ...... Sept. 17, 1887. District of Columbia ...... JohnE.Beall ...... Washingtoo ...... Apr. 10, 1888. Do ...... Charh,s S. Bundy ...... do ...... July 17, 1888. lliinois ...... Philip A. Hoyne ...... Chicago ..•...... June 20, 1887. Do ...... Frank P. Crandon ...... do ...... Apr. 6, 1888. Louisiana ...... Maloney C. Soniat ..•.•...... NewOrleans ...... Mar. 6, 1888. Maryland ...... G. Evett Reardon ...... Baltimore ...... Sept. 14, 1888. Massachusetts ...... Charles H. Adams ...... Boston ...... Jan. 28, 1887. Do ...... James G. Harris ...... do ...... May 21, 1888. Do ...... Daniel B. Whitt.ier ...... do ...... Nov. 24, 1886. Michigan ...... Daniel Germain...... Detroit ... : ...... Feb. 24, 1888. New York ...... George Bedgood ...... New York ...... Sept. 29, 1886. Do ...... Frederick A. Burnham ...... do ...... Oct. 31, 1886. Do ...... Apr. 11, 1887. Do ...... ~f~f!:ilti:t~~;:::: :: : : : : :: : :~~ :: : : : : : : : : ~::: .· May 8, 1887. Do ...... Thomas W. Folsom ...... ·.... do ...... Apr. 10, 1883. Do ...... Sept. 12, 1887. Do ...... g~;!~ds l~;~~~;:::::::::::::: :: : : i~ :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : May 2 l, 1883. Do ...... W. Hudson Osborne ...... do ...... Aug. 24, 1888. Ohio ...... Lipman Levy • ...... Cincinnati ...... Sept. o, 1886. Do ...... Joseph F. Harrison ....•...... · 1· .. . do ...... Juno 1, 1887. Pensylvania ...... DavidE. Da'\"is ...... Pittsburgh ...... Tune 22, 1887. Do ...... Samuel L. Taylor ...... Philadelphia ...... June 24, 1888.

Notaries publio in Wyoming. [Appointed for two years.] ALBANY COUNTY.

Name. Post-office ad- Term ex- Post-office ad- Term ex- dress. pires. Name. dress. pires.

Armst,rong, 1<'. C ...... Cummins ..... Dec. 8,'86 Maurer, Charles F... Douglaf! ...... Sept. 14, '88 Arnold, C. P...... Laramie ...... Feb. 27, '88 McIntyre, WilliamJ. Laramie ...... ,Jau. 22, '88 Butler, A..lrxander F.. :Ft.Fetterman. ,Tune 24, '88 Metcalf, George W .. Ft.Fetterman . .Jan. 6, '87 Blake, ,J. W...... Laramie ... : . . Apr. 15, '88 Neil, Henr.v B ...... Tie Siding .... Mar. 16, '88 Camplin, MercdiLhB. Dou~las ...... July 6,'88 Owen, \Villiaru O.... Laramie ...... Feb. 23, '88 Collirni, Winifred S.. . Ft.Fetterman. Dec. 23, '87 Poase, L. D ...... do ...... Dec. 16, '87 Corthell, Nellis. ____ Laramie ...... Nov.10,'87 Slaymaker, Samuel.. Ft.Fetterman. Nov. 28, '87 Downoy, S. W ...... do ...... Dec. 5, '86 Symons, John II .... Laramie ...... June 20, '87 George, Charles J ...... do ...... Mar. 22,'88 Stimpson, George B. Douglas ...... Sept. 20, '88 Fo tor, ,T. W ...... Douglas ...... Aug. 24, '88 Taylor, William ..... Rock Creek ... l!'el.J. l ·l, '87 Greeu, Robert A ..... Ft.Fetterman . .Juno 30, '88 Vine, .James ...... Laramie ...... Nov. 4, '87 Groesbeck, Herman . . Laramie ...... Oct. 10, '87 Webel, Charles C. P. La.Bonte ...... Mar. 10, '88 Harrington, Stanley.. Deer Creek . . . Sept. 25, '87 Whitely, Andrew R. Douglas ...... July 21, '88 Hills,W.J ...... Laramie ...... Nov.30,'87 Wright, C. C ...... l<'t.Fetterman . .June 24, '88

CARBON COUNTY.

Ash, William L ...... nawlius ...... Feb. 0, '87 Hinnman, Frank . .. . Dixon ...... Mar. 19, '88 Rrown. Z. T ...... do ...... Sept. 7, '88 Hocker, M. E ...... Rawlins ...... Oct. 5, '87 Chatterton, F ...... Ft. Fred Steel., Jan. 17, '87 ,Tohnson, .John \V ... Carbon ...... Apr. 10,'88 Crawford, J. ]'...... Saratoga ...... July 6,'88 .Jone11, Stiles D ...... Saratoga ...... Tan. 26, '88 Craig, D. H ...... Rawlins ...... Sept. 4, '88 M cNnmara, P. F .... Oil City ...... Apr. 14, '88 Dexter, H. F...... Dixon .. . . . • . . Oct. 27, '87 Mer1W, Homer ...... Rawlins ..... Juno·20, '87 Dixon, ,T. R ...... Rawlins ...... July 6,'88 Motter, W. ll ...... Hat Creek . ... Feb. 10, '88 Eway. Jacob E...... Oil City ...... Apr. 14, '88 Rumsey, James M... Rawlins ...... Dec. 10, '80 Friend, John C ...... Rawlins ...... Oct. 20, '87 Smith, D. C ...... do ...... D ec. 12, '86 .Hau, Edward S ...... MedicineBow Mar. 6,'87 Sterritt, ,T. M...... Saratoga ...... May 18, '88 Hassett, .J. .8...... Saratoga ...... May 14, '88 Stanley, Herbert . . .. Rawlins ...... Oct. 15, '86 Henderson, H.B ..... Rawlins ...... May 10, '88 Summers, Daniel H . Oil City. , ...... Jan. 24, '87 1062 REPORT OF TITE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

Notaries p1tblio in Wyoniing-Continued.

CROOK COUNTY.

Post.office ad· Term ex· Name. Post-office ad. Term ex. Name. dress. pires. dress. pires.

Adams, Milo A...... Sundance ..... Sept.21, '88 Metz, W. S ...... Sundance ..... Sept. 4, '88 Alden, H. A ...... do ...... Jan. 29,'87 Hooper, Tom ...... do ...... June 18, '88 Draper, W. F ...... do ...... Jan. 29, '87 Pettigrew, '.l.'odcl M ...... do ...... Nov. 23, '87 Fowler, B. l!' ...... tlo ...... Jan. 29,'87 Wood, Gus M . ...•.. Beulah ...... Jan. 29, '87 Hansen, A. P ......

FREMONT COUNTY.

.Allen, Charles ...... Lander ...... June 11, '88 Frankeberger, J. T . . .Atlantic City . July 16, '87 :Brown, Newton II ...... do ...... Jan. 16,'88 King, U. F...... Shoshone .A.'cy Jnly 12, '88 David, Edward T .... Meeteetse .... .Apr. 9,'87 Patten, James I.... . Lander ...... June 3, '88 David, John ...... do ...... Aug. 24,'88

JOHNSON COUNTY.

Burritt, Charles IT .•.. Buffalo ...... Oct. 17, '87 I P,urnelee, C. D...... Buffalo ...... July 12, '88 Coffeen, H. A ...... Big llorn City . ,June22,'87 O'Malloy, St. Clair ... Urazv \Voman. l!'elJ. 9, '87 Cot-ton, ThomasM ..• Slleri

LARAMIE COUNTY.

Abbott, GeorgeE .... Cheyenne ..... July 14,'87 Kirk, Lewis ...... Cheyenne ... . Nov.27, '87 .Abry, Emile A ...... •.... do ...... June 8, '88 Kabis, L ......

Churchill, Ed. J ...... do ...... Apr. 30,'88 1 Pratt, J,G ...... du ...... July 27, '87 Clark, Frank JI ......

SWEETWATER COUNTY.

Hereford, Ro ert L .. I Burnt l!'o_rk. . · I May 22,:88 II Mau~, .A.. L ...... I Rock Springs ·I Dec. 30, '87 Daw, L ...... · 1 Rock prmgs . .A.ug.24, 88 Morns, Ed. J ...... , Green River.. May 8, '87

UINTA COUNTY.

Cl_ark, Clai:e1?ce D .... I Evanston ..... IMar. 5,:88 l\ Groshon, Maurice ... I FortBridger .. l Mar. 22,'88 Hmton, Wilham ...... do ...... , Feb. 2, 88 Stone, Charles. ······1 Evanston ..... , Jan. 18,'.88