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Aqaba Pledge: a Reconsideration of the 'Anṣār’S Subscription To
THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER (Under the Direction of Kenneth Honerkamp) ABSTRACT The ‘Aqaba pledge was a pivotal moment for early Islamic history. Often, however, it is read and understood in the context of Muhammad’s life. Consequently, much remains unanswered concerning the other party to the pledge, viz. the ‘Anṣār. Traditionally, it has been understood that the ‘Anṣār subscribed to the pledge in the context of their ongoing intertribal wars and that out of a desire to bring an end to those wars, seeing Muhammad as the means for that, they accepted the terms of the pledge. This paper expands on this traditional understanding. It begins by expanding on the traditionally understood sociopolitical context that surrounded the ‘Anṣār on the eve of the pledge, looking closely at the Perso-Byzantine war in the early seventh century. It then points to a hitherto unidentified cause that forced the ‘Anṣār to desire reconciliation and to accept the terms of the pledge. INDEX WORDS: ‘Aqaba pledge, Jewish Messianism, The Sasanian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, Byzantine, Late Antiquity, Early Islam, ‘Anṣār THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER B.A., Syracuse University, 2014 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 Matthew Lee VanAuker All Rights Reserved THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER Major Professor: Kenneth Honerkamp Committee: Alan Godlas Carolyn Jones Medine Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2016 DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife, my daughter, and my parents. -
Homeland Security Law Policy Jurimetrics
SYMPOSIUM HOMELAND SECURITY, LAW, AND POLICY THROUGH THE LENS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND KEY ASSET PROTECTION Joe D. Whitley, George A. Koenig, and Steven E. Roberts* ABSTRACT: Homeland security continues to be one of the principal priorities of government at all levels. Homeland security, however, is not static. What gets pro- tected, how resources are allocated, and the manner in which threats are identified continue to evolve. In particular, critical infrastructure and key asset protection are fundamental components of homeland security greatly influenced by developments in law and policy. CITATION: Joe D. Whitley, George A. Koenig, and Steven E. Roberts, Homeland Security, Law, and Policy Through the Lens of Critical Infrastructure and Key Asset Protection, 47 Jurimetrics J. 259–279. *Joe D. Whitley was the first General Counsel of the Department of Homeland Security and is now an attorney and part of the Global Security and Enforcement Team in the Washington, D.C., office of Alston & Bird L.L.P. George A. Koenig was former Counsel to the General Counsel of the Department of Homeland Security and is now an attorney and part of the Global Security and Enforcement Team in the Washington, D.C., office of Alston & Bird L.L.P. Steven E. Roberts is an attorney specializing in homeland security matters in Boca Raton, Florida. SPRING 2007 259 Whitley et al. I. HOMELAND SECURITY: NOT A POST 9/11 PHENOMENON The escalation of terrorist activity throughout the 1990s suggests that the end of the Cold War ushered in a new era of conflict.1 The terrorist enemies in this war neither maintain standing armies nor subscribe to the laws of war. -
Prophets of the Quran: an Introduction (Part 1 of 2)
Prophets of the Quran: An Introduction (part 1 of 2) Description: Belief in the prophets of God is a central part of Muslim faith. Part 1 will introduce all the prophets before Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, mentioned in the Muslim scripture from Adam to Abraham and his two sons. By Imam Mufti (© 2013 IslamReligion.com) Published on 22 Apr 2013 - Last modified on 25 Jun 2019 Category: Articles >Beliefs of Islam > Stories of the Prophets The Quran mentions twenty five prophets, most of whom are mentioned in the Bible as well. Who were these prophets? Where did they live? Who were they sent to? What are their names in the Quran and the Bible? And what are some of the miracles they performed? We will answer these simple questions. Before we begin, we must understand two matters: a. In Arabic two different words are used, Nabi and Rasool. A Nabi is a prophet and a Rasool is a messenger or an apostle. The two words are close in meaning for our purpose. b. There are four men mentioned in the Quran about whom Muslim scholars are uncertain whether they were prophets or not: Dhul-Qarnain (18:83), Luqman (Chapter 31), Uzair (9:30), and Tubba (44:37, 50:14). 1. Aadam or Adam is the first prophet in Islam. He is also the first human being according to traditional Islamic belief. Adam is mentioned in 25 verses and 25 times in the Quran. God created Adam with His hands and created his wife, Hawwa or Eve from Adam’s rib. -
MAJID KHAN, at This Time Please Do Not Comment on the Evidence
(b )( 1) (b)(3) NatSecAct TOP SECRET !I SCI.J, Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10020 OPENING PRESIDENT· This hearing shall come to order. RECORDER. This Tribunal is being conducted at 08:42 on 15 April 2007 on board U.S. Naval Base GuantanamoBay. Cuba. The following personnel arc present: Colom:! (b)(6) United States Air Fom·. Prcs1dcnt, Cornman er (b)(6) United States Navy, \fomber, Licutc b)(6) United States ·\ir Force, Member, Majo {b){6) Unitt.'tlStates Air Force, Personal Representative, Sergeant ·1rst rs(b)(6 United States Anny, Reporter, Ma.1od(b)(6) l~Stalt!s Air force, Recorder. Lieutenant Colone!~is the Judge Advocate member of the Tribunal. OATH SESSION1 RECORDF.R All rise. PRESIDENT: The Recorder will be !mom. Do you, Major!(b)(6) l swear or aflinn that you will faithfully performthe duties as Recmdcr assigned in this Tribunal, so help you God? RECORDER. I do. PRESIDENT: The Reporter will now he sworn. The Recorder w:11administer the oath. RECORDER: Do you, Sergeant first Cla">s(b)(6) , swear •hat you will faithfully discharge your duties as Rcporter ass1gne in this i'ribunal. so help you Ood'7 REPORTER: I do. PRESIDEN·t. We'll take a brief recess while the Detainee is brought into the room. RECORDER: The time is 08:43 on 15 April 2007. This Tribunal is now in recess. All rise. [All personnel depart the room.] CONVENINGAUTHORITY RH'.ORDER: (All personnel return into the room at 08:48.] All ri~c. PRESIDENT: This hearing will come to order. -
Case 8: Columbus and the Brooklyn Bridge John Mueller June 3, 2011 Like Jose Padilla (Case 2), Iman Faris Is an American
Case 8: Columbus and the Brooklyn Bridge 1 Case 8: Columbus and the Brooklyn Bridge John Mueller June 3, 2011 Like Jose Padilla (Case 2), Iman Faris is an American who for various reasons linked up with al-Qaeda before 9/11, met Osama bin Laden, and connected to the putative “mastermind” of 9/11, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM). In early 2002, he was sent on a surveillance mission to the United States by KSM, and there seem to be two key episodes on this trip. First, he met with a couple of friends in August 2002 in a coffee shop near Columbus, Ohio. One of the men, outraged at the US attack on Afghanistan, suggested shooting up a local mall. Faris appears to have suggested that a bomb might be better, and the third man dismissed the idea as “stupid.” That was the Columbus mall plot: there was no followup whatever. Second, later in 2002, Faris traveled to New York City to scout out possible terrorist targets at the behest of KSM. Although most New Yorkers might proudly insist that their city is fairly festooned with lucrative targets, the only one Faris looked at was the Brooklyn Bridge. He drove over it once, noticed that there were quite a few cops around, thought the support cables too big or difficult to cut through, informed KSM of this profound discovery, and then, his curiosity and/or patience exhausted, drove back to Columbus. That was the Brooklyn Bridge plot: there was no followup whatever. The police presence at the bridge probably stemmed in part from the testimony-under-torture earlier in 2002 (see Case 2) of the captured al-Qaeda operative, Abu Zubayda, who suggested that al-Qaeda had the Brooklyn Bridge on a target list that also contained the Statute of Liberty and an undifferentiated array of shopping malls, banks, supermarkets, water systems, nuclear plants, and apartment buildings—none of which have actually been struck by any terrorists in the subsequent nine years in the United States, not even in Columbus, Ohio. -
UNDERSTANDING PORTRAYALS of LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS in HIP-HOP LYRICS SINCE 2009 By
ON THE BEAT: UNDERSTANDING PORTRAYALS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN HIP-HOP LYRICS SINCE 2009 by Francesca A. Keesee A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degrees of Master of Science Conflict Analysis and Resolution Master of Arts Conflict Resolution and Mediterranean Security Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair of Committee ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Graduate Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA University of Malta Valletta, Malta On the Beat: Understanding Portrayals of Law Enforcement Officers in Hip-hop Lyrics Since 2009 A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Science at George Mason University and Master of Arts at the University of Malta by Francesca A. Keesee Bachelor of Arts University of Virginia, 2015 Director: Juliette Shedd, Professor School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Fall Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia University of Malta Valletta, Malta Copyright 2016 Francesca A. Keesee All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to all victims of police brutality. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am forever grateful to my best friend, partner in crime, and husband, Patrick. -
30 Terrorist Plots Foiled: How the System Worked Jena Baker Mcneill, James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Jessica Zuckerman
No. 2405 April 29, 2010 30 Terrorist Plots Foiled: How the System Worked Jena Baker McNeill, James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Jessica Zuckerman Abstract: In 2009 alone, U.S. authorities foiled at least six terrorist plots against the United States. Since Septem- ber 11, 2001, at least 30 planned terrorist attacks have Talking Points been foiled, all but two of them prevented by law enforce- • At least 30 terrorist plots against the United ment. The two notable exceptions are the passengers and States have been foiled since 9/11. It is clear flight attendants who subdued the “shoe bomber” in 2001 that terrorists continue to wage war against and the “underwear bomber” on Christmas Day in 2009. America. Bottom line: The system has generally worked well. But • President Obama spent his first year and a half many tools necessary for ferreting out conspiracies and in office dismantling many of the counterter- catching terrorists are under attack. Chief among them are rorism tools that have kept Americans safer, key provisions of the PATRIOT Act that are set to expire at including his decision to prosecute foreign ter- the end of this year. It is time for President Obama to dem- rorists in U.S. civilian courts, dismantlement of onstrate his commitment to keeping the country safe. Her- the CIA’s interrogation abilities, lackadaisical itage Foundation national security experts provide a road support for the PATRIOT Act, and an attempt map for a successful counterterrorism strategy. to shut down Guantanamo Bay. • The counterterrorism system that has worked successfully in the past must be pre- served in order for the nation to be successful In 2009, at least six planned terrorist plots against in fighting terrorists in the future. -
The Value of Claiming Torture: an Analysis of Al-Qaeda's Tactical Lawfare Strategy and Efforts to Fight Back, 43 Case W
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 43 | Issue 1 2010 The alueV of Claiming Torture: An Analysis of Al- Qaeda's Tactical Lawfare Strategy and Efforts to Fight Back Michael J. Lebowitz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael J. Lebowitz, The Value of Claiming Torture: An Analysis of Al-Qaeda's Tactical Lawfare Strategy and Efforts to Fight Back, 43 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 357 (2010) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol43/iss1/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. File: Lebowitz 2 Created on: 1/9/2011 9:48:00 PM Last Printed: 4/5/2011 8:09:00 PM THE VALUE OF CLAIMING TORTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF AL-QAEDA’S TACTICAL LAWFARE STRATEGY AND EFFORTS TO FIGHT BACK Michael J. Lebowitz* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 357 II. CLAIMING TORTURE TO SHAPE THE BATTLEFIELD .............................. 361 A. Tactical Lawfare ........................................................................... 362 B. Faux Torture ................................................................................. 364 C. The Torture Benchmark ............................................................... -
The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: an Empirical Study
© Reuters/HO Old – Detainees at XRay Camp in Guantanamo. The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empirical Study Benjamin Wittes and Zaahira Wyne with Erin Miller, Julia Pilcer, and Georgina Druce December 16, 2008 The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empiricial Study Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 The Public Record about Guantánamo 4 Demographic Overview 6 Government Allegations 9 Detainee Statements 13 Conclusion 22 Note on Sources and Methods 23 About the Authors 28 Endnotes 29 Appendix I: Detainees at Guantánamo 46 Appendix II: Detainees Not at Guantánamo 66 Appendix III: Sample Habeas Records 89 Sample 1 90 Sample 2 93 Sample 3 96 The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empiricial Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he following report represents an effort both to document and to describe in as much detail as the public record will permit the current detainee population in American T military custody at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba. Since the military brought the first detainees to Guantánamo in January 2002, the Pentagon has consistently refused to comprehensively identify those it holds. While it has, at various times, released information about individuals who have been detained at Guantánamo, it has always maintained ambiguity about the population of the facility at any given moment, declining even to specify precisely the number of detainees held at the base. We have sought to identify the detainee population using a variety of records, mostly from habeas corpus litigation, and we have sorted the current population into subgroups using both the government’s allegations against detainees and detainee statements about their own affiliations and conduct. -
Conviction Are So Egregious That They Outweigh All Other Factors and Merit a Guidelines Sentence of Thirty Years' Imprisonment
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -v.- AHMED ABDEL SATrAR, et al., S102 Cr. 395 (JGK) Defendants. GOVERNMENT'S SENTENCING MEMORANDUM (REDACTED) MICHAEL J. GARCIA United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York Attorney for the United States of America ANDREW S. DEMBER ROBIN L. BAKER IRIS LAN ANTHONY S. BARKOW CELESTE L. KOELEVELD Assistant United States Attorneys - Of Counsel - UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -v.- AHMED ABDEL SATTAR, et al., S102 Cr. 395 (JGK) Defendants. GOVERNMENT'S SENTENCING MEMORANDUM (REDACTED) MICHAEL J. GARCIA United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York Attorney for the United States of America ANDREW S. DEMBER ROBIN L. BAKER IRIS LAN ANTHONY S. BARKOW CELESTE L. KOELEVELD Assistant United States Attorneys - Of Counsel - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARGUMENT ....................................................... 6 POINT I THE LAW REGARDING SENTENCING IN THE WAKE OF UNITED STATES v . BOOKER. 543 U.S. 220 (2005)' AND UNITED STATES v . CROSBY. 397 F.3d 103(2dCir.2005) ..................................................6 POINT I1 LYNNE STEWART SHOULD BE SENTENCED TO THIRTY YEARS' IMPRISONMENT ................................................15 A . The Nature And Circumstances Of Stewart's Offenses Of Conviction Are So Egregious That They Outweigh All Other Factors And Merit A Guidelines Sentence Of Thirty Years' Imprisonment ................ 16 1. Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman's Trial And Conviction .......... 16 2 . The Special Administrative Measures ......................17 3 . Stewart's Knowledge Of Abdel Rahman And The Islamic Group ................................................19 4 . Stewart's Criminal Conduct ..............................23 a . The March 1999 Prison Visit ....................... 23 b . The May 2000 Prison Visit .........................26 . -
Stories of the Prophets
Stories of the Prophets Written by Al-Imam ibn Kathir Translated by Muhammad Mustapha Geme’ah, Al-Azhar Stories of the Prophets Al-Imam ibn Kathir Contents 1. Prophet Adam 2. Prophet Idris (Enoch) 3. Prophet Nuh (Noah) 4. Prophet Hud 5. Prophet Salih 6. Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) 7. Prophet Isma'il (Ishmael) 8. Prophet Ishaq (Isaac) 9. Prophet Yaqub (Jacob) 10. Prophet Lot (Lot) 11. Prophet Shuaib 12. Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) 13. Prophet Ayoub (Job) 14 . Prophet Dhul-Kifl 15. Prophet Yunus (Jonah) 16. Prophet Musa (Moses) & Harun (Aaron) 17. Prophet Hizqeel (Ezekiel) 18. Prophet Elyas (Elisha) 19. Prophet Shammil (Samuel) 20. Prophet Dawud (David) 21. Prophet Sulaiman (Soloman) 22. Prophet Shia (Isaiah) 23. Prophet Aramaya (Jeremiah) 24. Prophet Daniel 25. Prophet Uzair (Ezra) 26. Prophet Zakariyah (Zechariah) 27. Prophet Yahya (John) 28. Prophet Isa (Jesus) 29. Prophet Muhammad Prophet Adam Informing the Angels About Adam Allah the Almighty revealed: "Remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Verily, I am going to place mankind generations after generations on earth.' They said: 'Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we glorify You with praises and thanks (exalted be You above all that they associate with You as partners) and sanctify You.' Allah said: 'I know that which you do not know.' Allah taught Adam all the names of everything, then He showed them to the angels and said: "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." They (angels) said: "Glory be to You, we have no knowledge except what You have taught us. -
8123 Songs, 21 Days, 63.83 GB
Page 1 of 247 Music 8123 songs, 21 days, 63.83 GB Name Artist The A Team Ed Sheeran A-List (Radio Edit) XMIXR Sisqo feat. Waka Flocka Flame A.D.I.D.A.S. (Clean Edit) Killer Mike ft Big Boi Aaroma (Bonus Version) Pru About A Girl The Academy Is... About The Money (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug About The Money (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug, Lil Wayne & Jeezy About Us [Pop Edit] Brooke Hogan ft. Paul Wall Absolute Zero (Radio Edit) XMIXR Stone Sour Absolutely (Story Of A Girl) Ninedays Absolution Calling (Radio Edit) XMIXR Incubus Acapella Karmin Acapella Kelis Acapella (Radio Edit) XMIXR Karmin Accidentally in Love Counting Crows According To You (Top 40 Edit) Orianthi Act Right (Promo Only Clean Edit) Yo Gotti Feat. Young Jeezy & YG Act Right (Radio Edit) XMIXR Yo Gotti ft Jeezy & YG Actin Crazy (Radio Edit) XMIXR Action Bronson Actin' Up (Clean) Wale & Meek Mill f./French Montana Actin' Up (Radio Edit) XMIXR Wale & Meek Mill ft French Montana Action Man Hafdís Huld Addicted Ace Young Addicted Enrique Iglsias Addicted Saving abel Addicted Simple Plan Addicted To Bass Puretone Addicted To Pain (Radio Edit) XMIXR Alter Bridge Addicted To You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Avicii Addiction Ryan Leslie Feat. Cassie & Fabolous Music Page 2 of 247 Name Artist Addresses (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. Adore You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miley Cyrus Adorn Miguel Adorn Miguel Adorn (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel Adorn (Remix) Miguel f./Wiz Khalifa Adorn (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel ft Wiz Khalifa Adrenaline (Radio Edit) XMIXR Shinedown Adrienne Calling, The Adult Swim (Radio Edit) XMIXR DJ Spinking feat.