DOCSLIB.ORG

The Afrotropical Realm REVIEW of the PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM in the AFROTROPICAL REALM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Review of the Protected Areas System in the Afrotropical Realm REVIEW OF THE PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM IN THE AFROTROPICAL REALM Prepared by the INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON NATIONAL PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS in collaboration with the UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME John and Kathy MacKinnon Consultants December 1986 Published by: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK. Prepared and published in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP . A contribution to GEMS the Global Environment Monitoring System. Copyright: © 1986 United Nations Environment Programme/International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ISBN: 2 88032 609 5 Cover design: James Butler Cover photo: The wide range of Africa's biological diversity is reflected in this view of glacier clad Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, as seen from the savanna zone of Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Photo credit: IUCN/Thorsell Printed by: Stephen Austin & Sons Ltd. Hertford, England. Available from: IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 oDL, UK or IUCN Publications Services, Avenue du Mont Blanc, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland The designations of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ii CONTENTS FOREWORD vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii RESUME xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii Part One—INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objectives and Criteria of Protected Areas 3 1.2 Aims and Scope of the Present Review 6 1.3 Biogeography Theory and Protected Areas System Design 6 1.4 Methods and Approach of Review 11 Part Two—THE AFROTROPICAL REALM 2.1 Physical Limits 17 2.2 Geological and Biogeographical History 17 2.3 Geography and Physiography 21 2.4 Climate and Vegetation 22 2.5 Floral Characteristics 25 2.6 Faunal Characteristics 25 2.7 Biogeographical Divisions of the Afrotropical Realm 26 2.8 History of Man in Africa 31 2.9 Patterns of Land Change 31 2.10 Subsistence Hunting and Poaching 32 2.11 Desertification 33 2.12 Summary Overview 33 Part Three—COVERAGE BY BIOGEOGRAPHIC UNITS 3.1 Guineo-Congolian Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit I) 37 3.2 Zambezian Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit II) 47 3.3 Sudanian Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit III) 58 3.4 Somali-Masai Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit IV) 66 3.5 Cape Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit V) 74 3.6 Karoo-Namib Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit VI) 78 3.7 Afromontane Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit VIII) 82 3.8 Guinea-Congolia/Zambezian Regional Transition Zone (Unit X) 92 3.9 Guinea-Congolia/Sudania Regional Transition Zone (Unit XI) 96 3.10 Lake Victoria Regional Mosaic (Unit XII) 101 3.11 Zanzibar-Inhambane Regional Mosaic (Unit XIII) 106 3.12 Kalahari-Highvel d Regiona l Transitio n Zon e (Uni t XIV) 111 3.13 Tongaland-Pondoland Regional Mosaic (Unit XV) 116 3.14 Sahel Regional Transition Zone (Unit XVI) 121 3.15 East Malagasy Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit XIX) 126 3.16 West Malagasy Regional Centre of Endemism (Unit XX) 132 3.17 Offshore Islands (Unit XXI) 138 3.18 Overview of Phytochorion Needs for Conservation 143 Part Four—GENERAL CONSERVATION ISSUES 4.1 Desertification 147 iii CONTENTS 4.2 Wetlands 148 4.3 Tsetse Control 153 4.4 Rhinoceros Poaching 154 4.5 The Protection of Critical Habitats 155 4.6 Species Conservation Needs 156 4.7 Species Coverage by Reserves 168 4.8 Protected Areas as Refuges for Elephants 176 Part Five—COUNTRY ACTION REQUIREMENTS 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY MAPS (in separate wallet) 3.1 Vegetation and Protected Areas of West Africa 3.2 Vegetation and Protected Areas of Central Africa 3.3 Vegetation and Protected Areas of East Africa 3.4 Vegetation and Protected Areas of Southern Africa 3.5 Vegetation and Protected Areas of Madagascar iv COUNTRIES OF THE AFROTROPICAL REALM with abbreviations used in the tables AN Angola BN Benin BT Botswana BF Burkina Faso BR Burundi CM Cameroon CR Central African Republic CH Chad (part) CO Comoros CN Congo DJ Djibouti EG Equatorial Guinea ET Ethiopia GA Gabon GM Gambia GH Ghana GU Guinea GB Guinea Bissau IC Ivory Coast KY Kenya LE Lesotho LB Liberia MD Madagascar MW Malawi ML Mali (part) MR Mauritania (part) MA Mauritius MZ Mozambique NM Namibia NG Niger (part) NI Nigeria RE Reunion RW Rwanda SP São Tomé and Principe SN Senegal SY Seychelles SL Sierra Leone SM Somalia SA South Africa SC South Yemen (Socotra) SH St Helena SD Sudan (part) SW Swaziland TZ Tanzania TG Togo UG Uganda ZR Zaire ZM Zambia ZW Zimbabwe v Foreword The 1985 UN List of National Parks and Protected Areas notes that there are over 88 million ha of land included in 426 protected areas in the Afrotropical Realm. This amounts to 4.4% of the area of the realm. Virtually every African country has established protected areas as a tool for conservation and development and it has been estimated that African Governments spend US$150 million annually on managing these areas and the species they contain. A substantial investment in land area and in funds thus already exists. We know, however, that much of the protected area system is under stress, that additional resources need to be devoted to allow more effective management, and that there are still additional areas that merit protected status. Therefore, at the working session of IUCN's Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, in May 1983, it was decided that a broad review of the protected area system needed to be undertaken based on the work carried out by Hugh Lamprey for the 1974 IUCN meeting in Serengeti. The essential issues addressed are (1) how effective is the current coverage of protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) where and how many more areas need to be established to ensure that samples of all Africa's biological diversity can be maintained. In undertaking a large scale review it is accepted that such a broad-brush treatment may result in over-generalisation and not every region will be treated equally. But it is hoped that this total realm survey will stimulate action at the national level. IUCN and UNEP will now promote national reviews of protected areas which will allow finer resolution and more detailed responses to the above issues. We are certain that this review will be useful both in providing a continental overview as well as outlining a methodology based on the emerging field of conservation science. The results will also be of interest to those currently seeking means to focus support on priority areas and to ensure that inappropriate developments will not affect those key biophysical resources of the Continent that will assist in ensuring a sustainable future. Reuben Olembo, Director Walter Lusigi (Kenya) Environmental Management CNPPA Vice-Chairman UNEP Afrotropical Realm December 1986 vi Executive Summary 1 INTRODUCTION Traditionally African reserves and parks have been created to protect spectacular species or large concentrations of game. As a consequence many of Africa's finest parks protect vast areas of savanna grasslands while other, often biologically richer, habitats are poorly represented within the protected area network. This review was commissioned by the Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas of IUCN to determine how adequate was the existing system of protected areas of the Afrotropical Realm in terms of biogeographical coverage, coverage of major vegetation types and in affording protection to centres of biological richness and species endemism. The UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa was used as the basis of the review. The major phytochoria described by White (1983) have been used as the major biogeographic divisions and within each unit the review considers the extent and adequacy of protected area coverage of the main vegetation types. The review concentrates on the terrestrial reserve system and for practical reasons we have considered only protected areas larger than 5000 ha on mainland Africa and over 2000 ha on Madagascar and the offshore islands. Small reserves, particularly on islands, may serve a useful conservation role in preserving rare and endemic species but we were concerned primarily with the larger picture of which biogeographical units and habitats within the Afrotropical Realm were adequately protected and which need greater protection. 2 THE AFROTROPICAL REALM In this review the Afrotropical Realm is taken to be the whole of Africa south of the Sahara together with the island continent of Madagascar, the southern tip of Yemen and the island of Socotra, the offshore islands of the Gulf of Guinea and the oceanic islands of the western Indian Ocean (Mascarenes, Comoros, Aldabra and Seychelles). The northern boundary of phytochorion XVI – the Sahel Regional Transition Zone – has been taken as the northernmost limit of the Realm. Africa is an ancient and arid continent with a highly distinct flora and fauna. Compared with Indo- Malaya and the Neotropics, Africa can be regarded as somewhat impoverished in flora and some animal groups, but it has the most varied mammal fauna of all the tropical realms, with 38 families excluding bats. Analyses of data on flora, birds and mammal distributions have revealed several areas of high species richness and endemism. Africa was the cradle of human evolution and, although the continent today is still not as densely populated overall as many other tropical regions, Man has had a long and dramtic effect on the African landscape. Fire, clearance of forest for agriculture and grazing of stock have all made an impact on the environment and much of the continent's natural habitat and wildlife have been affected by the activities of men and their livestock.
Recommended publications
  • Strategy Habitat: Ponderosa Pine Woodlands

    Strategy Habitat: Ponderosa Pine Woodlands

    Habitat: Conservation Summaries for Strategy Habitats Strategy Habitat: Ponderosa Pine Woodlands Ecoregions: Conservation Overview: Ponderosa Pine Woodlands are a Strategy Habitat in the Blue Moun- Ponderosa pine habitats historically covered a large portion of the tains, East Cascades, and Klamath Mountains ecoregions. Blue Mountains ecoregion, as well as parts of the East Cascades and Klamath Mountains. Ponderosa pine is still widely distributed in eastern Characteristics: and southern Oregon. However, the structure and species composition The structure and composition of ponderosa pine woodlands varies of woodlands have changed dramatically. Historically, ponderosa pine across the state, depending on local climate, soil type and moisture, habitats had frequent low-intensity ground fires that maintained an elevation, aspect and fire history. In Blue Mountains, East Cascades open understory. Due to past selective logging and fire suppression, and Klamath Mountains ecoregions, ponderosa pine woodlands have dense patches of smaller conifers have grown in the understory of pon- open canopies, generally covering 10-40 percent of the sky. Their derosa pine forests. Depending on the area, these conifers may include understories are variable combinations of shrubs, herbaceous plants, shade-tolerant Douglas-fir, grand fir and white fir, or young ponderosa and grasses. Ponderosa woodlands are dominated by ponderosa pine, pine and lodgepole pine. These dense stands are vulnerable to drought but may also have lodgepole, western juniper, aspen, western larch, stress, insect outbreaks, and disease. The tree layers act as ladder fuels, grand fir, Douglas-fir, incense cedar, sugar pine, or white fir, depend- increasing the chances that a ground fire will become a forest-destroy- ing on ecoregion and site conditions.
  • North Cascades Contested Terrain

    North Cascades Contested Terrain

    North Cascades NP: Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History NORTH CASCADES Contested Terrain North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History CONTESTED TERRAIN: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History By David Louter 1998 National Park Service Seattle, Washington TABLE OF CONTENTS adhi/index.htm Last Updated: 14-Apr-1999 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/noca/adhi/[11/22/2013 1:57:33 PM] North Cascades NP: Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History (Table of Contents) NORTH CASCADES Contested Terrain North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Cover: The Southern Pickett Range, 1963. (Courtesy of North Cascades National Park) Introduction Part I A Wilderness Park (1890s to 1968) Chapter 1 Contested Terrain: The Establishment of North Cascades National Park Part II The Making of a New Park (1968 to 1978) Chapter 2 Administration Chapter 3 Visitor Use and Development Chapter 4 Concessions Chapter 5 Wilderness Proposals and Backcountry Management Chapter 6 Research and Resource Management Chapter 7 Dam Dilemma: North Cascades National Park and the High Ross Dam Controversy Chapter 8 Stehekin: Land of Freedom and Want Part III The Wilderness Park Ideal and the Challenge of Traditional Park Management (1978 to 1998) Chapter 9 Administration Chapter 10 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/noca/adhi/contents.htm[11/22/2013
  • Biodiversity and Ecology of Afromontane Rainforests with Wild Coffea Arabica L

    Biodiversity and Ecology of Afromontane Rainforests with Wild Coffea Arabica L

    Feyera Senbeta Wakjira (Autor) Biodiversity and ecology of Afromontane rainforests with wild Coffea arabica L. populations in Ethiopia https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/publications/2260 Copyright: Cuvillier Verlag, Inhaberin Annette Jentzsch-Cuvillier, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany Telefon: +49 (0)551 54724-0, E-Mail: [email protected], Website: https://cuvillier.de General introduction 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The term biodiversity is used to convey the total number, variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur (Wilson 1988; CBD 1992; Rosenzweig 1995). The concept of biological diversity can be applied to a wide range of spatial and organization scales, including genetics, species, community, and landscape scales (Noss 1990; Austin et al. 1996; Tuomisto et al. 2003). It is becoming increasingly apparent that knowledge of the role of patterns and processes that determine diversity at different scales is at the very heart of an understanding of variation in biodiversity. Processes influencing diversity operate at different spatial and temporal scales (Rosenzweig 1995; Gaston 2000). A variety of environmental events and processes, including past evolutionary development, biogeographic processes, extinctions, and current influences govern the biodiversity of a particular site (Brown and Lomolino 1998; Gaston 2000; Ricklefs and Miller 2000). Biodiversity is valued and has been studied largely because it is used, and could be used better, to sustain and improve human well-being (WWF 1993; WCMC 1994). However, there has been a rapid decline in the biodiversity of the world during the past two to three decades (Wilson 1988; Whitmore and Sayer 1992; Lugo et al.
  • Freshwater Fishes

    Freshwater Fishes

    WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage.
  • English and French Cop17 Inf

    English and French Cop17 Inf

    Original language: English and French CoP17 Inf. 36 (English and French only / Únicamente en inglés y francés / Seulement en anglais et français) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 JOINT STATEMENT REGARDING MADAGASCAR’S PLOUGHSHARE / ANGONOKA TORTOISE 1. This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the Wildlife Conservation Society, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Turtle Survival Alliance, and The Turtle Conservancy, in relation to agenda item 73 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.)*. 2. This species is restricted to a limited range in northwestern Madagascar. It has been included in CITES Appendix I since 1975 and has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 2008. There has been a significant increase in the level of illegal collection and trafficking of this species to supply the high end pet trade over the last 5 years. 3. Attached please find the joint statement regarding Madagascar’s Ploughshare/Angonoka Tortoise, which is considered directly relevant to Document CoP17 Doc. 73 on tortoises and freshwater turtles. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author.
  • BEARDED VULTURE POPULATION and HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT (Gypaetus Barbatus Meridionalis)

    BEARDED VULTURE POPULATION and HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT (Gypaetus Barbatus Meridionalis)

    BEARDED VULTURE POPULATION AND HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT (Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis) Sterkfontein Dam, Harrismith, Free State Province, South Africa 6 - 10 March 2006 BEARDED VULTURE (Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis) POPULATION AND HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA 6 - 10 March 2006 WORKSHOP REPORT Convened by: CONSERVATION BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP SOUTHERN AFRICA ENDANGERED WILDLIFE TRUST EZEMVELO KWAZULU-NATAL WILDLIFE Sponsored by: Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Project In collaboration with THE CONSERVATION BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP (CBSG) OF THE IUCN SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis) 1 © Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG-SSC / IUCN) and the Endangered Wildlife Trust. The copyright of the report serves to protect the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group workshop process from any unauthorised use. Krüger, S., Piper, S., Rushworth, I., Botha, A., Daly, B., Allan, D., Jenkins, A., Burden, D. and Friedmann, Y. (editors). 2006. Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis) Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop Report. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC / IUCN) / CBSG Southern Africa. Endangered Wildlife Trust, Johannesburg. The CBSG, SSC and IUCN encourage workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believe that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report
  • Sanderson Et Al., the Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild

    Sanderson Et Al., the Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild

    Articles The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild ERICW. SANDERSON,MALANDING JAITEH, MARC A. LEVY,KENT H. REDFORD, ANTOINETTEV. WANNEBO,AND GILLIANWOOLMER n Genesis,God blesses humanbeings and bids us to take dominion over the fish in the sea,the birdsin the air, THE HUMANFOOTPRINT IS A GLOBAL and other We are entreatedto be fruitful every living thing. MAPOF HUMANINFLUENCE ON THE and multiply,to fill the earth,and subdueit (Gen. 1:28).The bad news, and the good news, is that we have almost suc- LANDSURFACE, WHICH SUGGESTSTHAT ceeded. Thereis little debatein scientificcircles about the impor- HUMANBEINGS ARE STEWARDS OF tance of human influenceon ecosystems.According to sci- WE LIKEIT OR NOT entists'reports, we appropriateover 40%of the net primary NATURE,WHETHER productivity(the greenmaterial) produced on Eartheach year (Vitouseket al. 1986,Rojstaczer et al.2001). We consume 35% thislack of appreciationmay be dueto scientists'propensity of the productivityof the oceanicshelf (Pauly and Christensen to expressthemselves in termslike "appropriation of net pri- 1995), and we use 60% of freshwaterrun-off (Postel et al. maryproductivity" or "exponentialpopulation growth," ab- 1996). The unprecedentedescalation in both human popu- stractionsthat require some training to understand.It may lation and consumption in the 20th centuryhas resultedin be dueto historicalassumptions about and habits inherited environmentalcrises never before encountered in the history fromtimes when human beings, as a group,had dramatically of humankindand the world (McNeill2000). E. O. Wilson less influenceon the biosphere.Now the individualdeci- (2002) claims it would now take four Earthsto meet the consumptiondemands of the currenthuman population,if Eric Sanderson(e-mail: [email protected])is associatedirector, and every human consumed at the level of the averageUS in- W.
  • Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of Frogs in Urban Habitats of South Africa

    Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of Frogs in Urban Habitats of South Africa

    Frogs about town: Aspects of the ecology and conservation of frogs in urban habitats of South Africa DJD Kruger 20428405 Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Zoology at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof LH du Preez Co-supervisor: Prof C Weldon September 2014 i In loving memory of my grandmother, Kitty Lombaard (1934/07/09 – 2012/05/18), who has made an invaluable difference in all aspects of my life. ii Acknowledgements A project with a time scale and magnitude this large leaves one indebted by numerous people that contributed to the end result of this study. I would like to thank the following people for their invaluable contributions over the past three years, in no particular order: To my supervisor, Prof. Louis du Preez I am indebted, not only for the help, guidance and support he has provided throughout this study, but also for his mentorship and example he set in all aspects of life. I also appreciate the help of my co-supervisor, Prof. Ché Weldon, for the numerous contributions, constructive comments and hours spent on proofreading. I owe thanks to all contributors for proofreading and language editing and thereby correcting my “boerseun” English grammar but also providing me with professional guidance. Prof. Louis du Preez, Prof. Ché Weldon, Dr. Andrew Hamer, Dr. Kirsten Parris, Prof. John Malone and Dr. Jeanne Tarrant are all dearly thanked for invaluable comments on earlier drafts of parts/the entirety of this thesis. For statistical contributions I am especially also grateful to Dr. Andrew Hamer for help with Bayesian analysis and to the North-West Statistical Services consultant, Dr.
  • Climate Forcing of Tree Growth in Dry Afromontane Forest Fragments of Northern Ethiopia: Evidence from Multi-Species Responses Zenebe Girmay Siyum1,2* , J

    Climate Forcing of Tree Growth in Dry Afromontane Forest Fragments of Northern Ethiopia: Evidence from Multi-Species Responses Zenebe Girmay Siyum1,2* , J

    Siyum et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0178-y RESEARCH Open Access Climate forcing of tree growth in dry Afromontane forest fragments of Northern Ethiopia: evidence from multi-species responses Zenebe Girmay Siyum1,2* , J. O. Ayoade3, M. A. Onilude4 and Motuma Tolera Feyissa2 Abstract Background: Climate-induced challenge remains a growing concern in the dry tropics, threatening carbon sink potential of tropical dry forests. Hence, understanding their responses to the changing climate is of high priority to facilitate sustainable management of the remnant dry forests. In this study, we examined the long-term climate- growth relations of main tree species in the remnant dry Afromontane forests in northern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the dendrochronological potential of selected dry Afromontane tree species and to study the influence of climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) on radial growth. It was hypothesized that there are potential tree species with discernible annual growth rings owing to the uni-modality of rainfall in the region. Ring width measurements were based on increment core samples and stem discs collected from a total of 106 trees belonging to three tree species (Juniperus procera, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidate and Podocarpus falcatus). The collected samples were prepared, crossdated, and analyzed using standard dendrochronological methods. The formation of annual growth rings of the study species was verified based on successful crossdatability and by correlating tree-ring widths with rainfall. Results: The results showed that all the sampled tree species form distinct growth boundaries though differences in the distinctiveness were observed among the species.
  • Ki Natural Resources Management Board Agenda

    Ki Natural Resources Management Board Agenda

    KI NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BOARD AGENDA MEETING 155 to be held Friday 19 July 2019, Boardroom, 35 Dauncey St, Kingscote Verbal Report Paper 1:00 pm start CS Consent Schedule Time # Agenda Item 1:00 1 Meeting Preliminaries (15 mins) 1.1 Welcome 1.2 Apologies 1.3 Presiding Member D Miley 1 1.4 Declaration of interest by members 1.5 Acceptance of agenda and consent schedule Decision 1 1:15 2 Minutes of Previous Meeting (45 mins) 2.1 Acceptance of previous minutes Presiding Member Decision 1 2.2 Business arising from previous minutes D Miley Noting 18 2:00 3 Board Matters: for decision or discussion (90 mins) 3.1 Financial Reports J Hughes Decision 20 3.2 Risk Management J Hughes Decision 27 3.3 Legislative Compliance Review S Gullickson Decision 35 3.4 New and emerging introduced animals L Andrews Discussion 57 3.5 Retaining shacks D Miley Discussion 94 3.6 Financial Compliance Management Program J Hughes Discussion 130 3.7 Biosecurity Advisory Committee A Triggs Discussion 135 3.8 Regional Director’s report D Miley Discussion 139 3.9 Board member reports Discussion 144 4 Board Matters: Consent Schedule 4.1 Correspondence register CS Noting 145 4.2 Out-of-session approvals: D Miley CS Noting 157 CRC submission Service Level Agreement 3:30 5 Any Other Business (15 mins) 6 Board Communique 7 Next Meeting Friday 23 August at 9:30 am (TBC) 4:00 8 Closure Kangaroo Island NRM Board Meeting 1. Meeting Preliminaries Number 155 – 19 July 2019 1.3 PRESIDING MEMBER Priority For Decision RECOMMENDATIONS That the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board: 1.
  • A Global Overview of Protected Areas on the World Heritage List of Particular Importance for Biodiversity

    A Global Overview of Protected Areas on the World Heritage List of Particular Importance for Biodiversity

    A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF PROTECTED AREAS ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE FOR BIODIVERSITY A contribution to the Global Theme Study of World Heritage Natural Sites Text and Tables compiled by Gemma Smith and Janina Jakubowska Maps compiled by Ian May UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge, UK November 2000 Disclaimer: The contents of this report and associated maps do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 1.0 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 ISSUES TO CONSIDER....................................................................................................................................1 3.0 WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?..............................................................................................................................2 4.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................3 5.0 CURRENT WORLD HERITAGE SITES............................................................................................................4
  • Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier Area, Swellendam

    Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier Area, Swellendam

    Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier area, Swellendam by Johannes Philippus Groenewald Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science in Conservation Ecology in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Michael J. Samways Co-supervisor: Dr. Ruan Veldtman December 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis, for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Ecology, is my own work that have not been previously published in full or in part at any other University. All work that are not my own, are acknowledge in the thesis. ___________________ Date: ____________ Groenewald J.P. Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements Firstly I want to thank my supervisor Prof. M. J. Samways for his guidance and patience through the years and my co-supervisor Dr. R. Veldtman for his help the past few years. This project would not have been possible without the help of Prof. H. Geertsema, who helped me with the identification of the Lepidoptera and other insect caught in the study area. Also want to thank Dr. K. Oberlander for the help with the identification of the Oxalis species found in the study area and Flora Cameron from CREW with the identification of some of the special plants growing in the area. I further express my gratitude to Dr. Odette Curtis from the Overberg Renosterveld Project, who helped with the identification of the rare species found in the study area as well as information about grazing and burning of Renosterveld.