PoS(ICRC2015)244 , a 211 PACS: 211 http://pos.sissa.it/ interactions in ,T.Kh. Sadykov a aracter with large values ic rays. However, there are dif- different targets were studied at b system. The results show that a tratosphere and LHCf experiments the dynamics of strong interaction tratosphere and LHCf experiments, on are difficult to measure at the Col- LHCf) experiment and future RHICf the forward production dynamics was clei, transverse momentum spectra of ifference between events produced by ement for the study of the light nuclei , A.A. Loktionov c . On the contrary, in the proton interactions [email protected] c , / . For charged secondary particles the high order c GeV / 8 , 0 GeV , S.Zh. Tokmoldin 2 ∼ a , ∗ 0 A T , T.N. Kvochkina e Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. b ∼ p [email protected] T , -quanta and neutral pions production in the proton-induced , Y.M. Tautayev γ a , N.I. Kochelev a -quanta in the soft region (up to 2 GeV/c) have exponential ch γ [email protected] commensurable rapidity intervals. Speaker. of inverse slope of the distributions: the slope is essentially smaller intermittency analyses have again demonstrated theprotons large and d nuclei. So, essential systemobtained size with dependence the in limited statistics. Such processes with a large energy flux in the forward directi lider experiments. Current Large Hadronexperiment Collider forward are ( very important to give the information about in both , high energyferent heavy ion serious physics problems and to inincluding compare high problem directly energy with cosm the different results kinematics and of the S requir for PT spectra of interactions at the Colliders as well. In the present paper, as the first step, we compare the data of S The interactions of cosmic ray light nuclei and protons with "Stratosphere" experiment at energiesin above the 10 rare TeV events, in produced the by La alpha-particles and light nu secondary ∗ Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creativ c The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July- 6 August, 2015 The Hague, The Netherlands A.Kh. Argynova PROTON AND LIGHT ION INTERACTIONS IN COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ”IN THE COMPARISON WITH THE RECENT COLLIDER RESULTS

N.N. Zastrozhnova Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty, Kazakhstan E-mail: Institute of Physics and Technology Almaty, Kazakhstan Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Russia c a b PoS(ICRC2015)244 . c / and . For c GeV / 8 , 0 GeV Y.M. Tautayev ∼ 2 , A 0 T ∼ p T . The each chamber in- km 30 -quanta and neutral pions in the ∼ γ -quanta in the soft region (up to 2 GeV/c) γ -quanta and angular distributions for charged γ 2 were found by Stratosphere Collaboration in X-ray eV 13 10 ∗ 5 > 0 E -quanta from experiment “STRATOSPHERE ” γ thickness with nuclear emulsions and X-ray films between them. For each interaction mm The comparison of our cosmic ray data with a current LHCf [4-5] and with a future RHICf data Cosmic ray interactions at We will also discuss the non-perturbative QCD mechanism which might be responsible for the The understanding of the processes of the particle production in hadronic interactions at high COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ” [7] are very important bothhigh for energy frontier problems cosmic of ray highresults problems. energy of heavy Stratosphere However, ion and there physics LHCf are and experiments.nuclei for some with In light actual problems the and first in heavy case targets the in PT the comparison the spectra interactions of of proton the and light charged secondary particles thelarge high difference between order events intermittency produced by analysespendence protons in have and the again nuclei. forward demonstrated production So,events dynamics the the were has essential observed been system by size obtained JASSE [2] de- on and the Concorde limited [3] statistics. cosmic ray Similar collaborations. On the contrary, in the proton interactions the slope is essentially smaller film - emulsion chambers exposed in the stratosphere at altitude particles have been obtained.the In forward the second rapidity case wereintervals the studied. on inclusive energies PT These and spectra experiments with forthe exclusive detailed the were theoretical and neutral performed or inclusive pion Monte in approaches in Carloof the to forward these production the slightly comparison data data different problems. are taking. need Furthermore, forstudy a the Therefore, the new complete high collider solution energy experiments interaction arethe needed between only to light limited perform nuclei to task . will So, be in done. the We present will paper, compare as spectra the of first step, difference in particle production in central and forward rapidity regions [8]. 2. EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE” 2.1 PT spectra of have exponential character with large values of inverse slope of the distributions: proton-induced interactions at commensurable rapidity quantities. 1. INTRODUCTION cluded the target and gamma blocks. Thematerial target interplead block was with gathered thin of nuclear many layerseach emulsions. of 5 heavy The or gamma light block consisted of 4 - 10 lead plates light nuclei, transverse momentum spectra of secondary energies have a great significance,provide both the theoretical prediction for and hadroproduction experimental. in order Theoreticalhot to and models get a dense have clear strongly-interacting to insight matter. on thecovery Experimental processes for analyses within the the have physical to properties of perform theparticles knowledge excited in dis- nucleus-nucleus fireball collisions. from the The complex effective way finalin to pattern the the of analyses interpretation of produced of the the smaller results system consists lisions. interactions, created On in the proton-proton or basis in of proton-nucleusdifferent such col- targets approach the have interactions been of studiedthe cosmic in Lab ray the system light [1]. experiment nuclei The and "Stratosphere" results protons at have with shown energies that above in 10 the TeV rare events, in produced by alpha-particles PoS(ICRC2015)244

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01 of these "anomalous" interactions is that most of photons have the transverse momen p rgy rgy and a transverse momentum of each over threshold The intermittency analysis of Stratosphere Collaboration data (Dobr data Collaboration of Stratosphere analysis The intermittency It can be describe by the superposition of two exponents: two of superposition the by can be describe It GeV , the angles of emission of each secondary particle in the laboratory coordinate system events events produced protons and by nuclei. )

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PoS(ICRC2015)244 ∆ = and (2.4) (2.5) (2.3) (2.2) δ ). In δ would δ used in the δ Y.M. Tautayev equal subdomains: , especially at small M is the multiplicity of that bin. δ q in > m > location ] ∆ n q m [ m ∆ ) n n M < < 2 of the charge secondary particles has evt ∑ / ,..., q > q θ 1 ] ϕ evt for ever decreasing domains of phase-space 1 > q [ δ N 40. = n n / > Const ln tg 1 m ) < = ∑ < steps of the start position of the original region ( step 1 ∼ 4 = − ) m = 1 M > + 1 > step = > q q q N F q ≪ F η F m − ∆ < ∑ < 0 and / . < m 1 0 is the so called intermittent exponent. M n ( step = 66= ( was 4 > ... q q ∆ ϕ ) F 1 < − m n ( m n < by consecutive subdivision of an initial region = δ > is the number of small ] 0. Positive constant q [ n step from the size of the phase-space bin follows the power law and process is called "intermit- , can improve our phenomenological understanding of multiparticle production processes. < N −→ q > . It should be mentioned that the high order moments resolve the large tail of the multiplicity From our point of view the lowest order of correlations are not very sensitive to the recogni- In the opposite case of the smooth distribution (probability density is continuous), the factorial If self-similar fluctuations of many different sizes exist, then the dependence of the moment In order to improve the statistical accuracy in the experimental estimation of factorial moments On the experiment the particle multiplicity distribution are studied for a sequence of phase The distribution (2.3) is discontinues, i.e. contains sharp spikes and holes between particles in q δ M F s of individual cells (2.2) are averaged over events and over M cells ("vertical analysis" ′ , down to the experimental resolution. / q COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ” our work we used themoments modified are averaged method over of the start vertically point averaging of (Argynova the et original al., region 1997) in which been used. The initial region of distribution. Thus, they are very sensitive to density fluctuations at the various scales tion of instanton-induced processes and only the consideration of high orders can give the correct where analysis. Therefore, the study of fluctuations in the large of scales ∆ moments are for be indicate at the selfsimilar fractal structure of the short range particle density fluctuations. large < δ et al., 1990) has been performedof [1]. the To statistical study fluctuations, dynamical the density analysisbution fluctuations of (Bialas over the and the scaled Peschanski, background factorial 1986, moments 1988) of has the been multiplicity used: distri- F space domains where in the area of pionization. In every subdomain phase-space. The observation of such a power law in a sufficiently large range of scales As the basic variable the pseudo-rapidity tency": PoS(ICRC2015)244 s ′ q lnF Y.M. Tautayev reactions, as a s as a function ′ q ln F Nitrogen − are essentially larger for the Fe q , ϕ pion transverse momentum spectra events. t p Nitrogen events the values of the slopes and their − t p 5 Nitrogen , and distribution the results of the analysis has shown that the 9 t . 0 ) have shown that the all slopes p 8 . Nitrogen 1 = − for all orders. The data are consistent with intermittent behaviour, y ≤ are essentially smaller. The results of the fit of the δη q δη ln proton , ≤ p in comparison with the case of the large − 1 t . − p p (over 0 LHCf 2010 data, proton-proton collisions, Forward neutral δη ln Recently a new mechanism for the pion production in high energy reactions with hadrons was In the proposal [7] a new forward particle production experiment PHENIX-RHICf was sug- All proton induced data (with antiproton-proton collisions at 630 GeV from UA7 experiment) In the very forward region the new experiments were performed at LHC forward detector - The launch of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) opens a new possibilities for high energy IN STRONG INTERACTIONS − COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ” rise with increasing future options, were considered. These experimentsfor at the RHICf Stratosphere energies experiment will estimations. provide a lower bound 4. NON-PERTURBATIVE MECHANISM FOR THE PARTICLE PRODUCTION show that there isto the weak LHC dependence energy of rangefor average [6]. the value spectra of With [4, the this 5] neutralexperiment, result well given pion in upper enough PT bound. mind coincide distribution with it the up should correspond be estimation concluded from our that Stratosphere exponential fits LHCf. In proton-proton collisions at 900inclusive neutral GeV pions and has at been 7 measured TeV transverse [4] momentum and distribution in for p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV [5]. physics at the TeV scale.were The developed previous in RHIC the explorations work on of the the ALICE soft collaboration physics [11]. at midrapidity [10] 3. PT SPECTRA OF FORWARD NEUTRAL PION FROM LHCf EXPERIMENT i.e. with power law (2.3). On the contrary, for large Figure 2: gested, in which results. Therefore, the high order intermittency analysisformed. with For rank events of with moments standard up to 8 has been per- changing as function of events with small with rapidity range greater than of PoS(ICRC2015)244 Y.M. Tautayev utral pion transverse momentum in QCD vacuum to to respect to the ) f m 3 . 0 ( 6 9 . 8 = y . ) f m 1 ( LHCf January 2013 data, proton-lead collisions, Forward ne This mechanism is based on theThe instanton instantons model describe for the the QCD subbarrier vacuum transitions [9]. between the classical QCD vacua with the The comparison of the PT spectra of the neutral particles production in the proton-induced Therefore, the two different slopes in PT distribution for the secondary particles which were COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ” different topological charge. The existence ofexample, instantons they is provide very a important natural for mechanismin hadron of physics. the the For strong spontaneous chiral interaction. symmetrywhere breaking the As SCSB (SCSB) effects the might result, be importantit large is was the dynamical demonstrated high that quark energy in reactions masses the withproduction instanton hadrons. arise. in effects In forward give particular, direction a One in significant of the contribution high-energy tofrom the proton-proton the the scattering places inclusive [8]. anomalous pion These the effects chromomagnetic come quark-gluonaverage interaction PT for induced the by secondary instantons particles [12].in in the The the comparison instanton with the induced average interaction PTdynamics. is for expected usual It to soft comes interaction be from which larger smaller is related size to of the instantons confinement suggested [8]. interactions of the Stratosphere and LHCf experimentstheir shows that slopes there is (exponential some fit) agreement between forconsidered as corresponding an rapidity upper intervals. bound. Wethe LHCf discuss particle also data production the in in possible forward this non-perturbative direction QCD case in mechanism high can for energy be reaction with hadrons and nuclei. observed by the "STRATOSPHERE", might be related to those different mechanisms. 5. SUMMARY confinement scale spectra with rapidity range greater than Figure 3: PoS(ICRC2015)244 Y.M. Tautayev aneiro. ep-ph]. amburg, 2001. d. Phys. v.70 (1998) 1323. arXiv: hal-01104892, 19 Jan, 2015. 015, 03A104. ion production induced by nontrivial t induced by instantons", Phys. Lett.B 426, 6. J.Phys.G.14, p.503, 1988 8. 5. t RHIC, arXiv: 1401.1004, 1409.4860. 7 149 (1998). topological structure of QCD vacuum", arXiv:1503.05683 [h [9] T. Schafer and E.V. Shuryak, "Instantons in QCD", Rev. Mo [3] The Concorde collaboration, J.Phys. G.12, p.125,[4] 1986; O. Adriani et al., - LHCf collaboration, arXiv: 1205.457 [1] A. Kh Argynova et al., Proc.[2] of 27-th The ICRC, JACCE p.1477-1480, collaboration, H Phys.Rev.Lett. v.57, N 26, 198 [5] O. Adriani et al., - LHCf[6] collaboration, arXiv: 6. 1403.784 M. Hiroaki - for LHCf[7] collaboration, ICRC Y. 2013, Itow Rio et de al., J - proposal - forward particle production a [8] N.Kochelev, H.J.Lee, B.Zhang and P.Zhang, "Anomalous p COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT “STRATOSPHERE ” [10] S. Esumi - Soft physics at[11] Phenix, Progr B. Theor Abelev Exp et Phys, al., 2 ALICE collaboration,[12] pp and N.I.Kochelev, Pb-Pb, "Anomalous HAL quark chromomagnetic momen References