View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NERC Open Research Archive 1 Integrated record of environmental change and evolution challenges the Cambrian 2 Explosion 3 4 Rachel Wood1*, Alexander G. Liu2, Frederick Bowyer1, Philip R. Wilby3, Frances S. Dunn3,4,, 5 Charlotte G. Kenchington2,5, Jennifer F. Hoyal Cuthill2,6, Emily G. Mitchell2, and Amelia 6 Penny7. 7 8 1 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, 9 UK. *email:
[email protected] 10 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 11 3EQ, UK. 12 3 British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire NG12 5GG, UK. 13 4 School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, 14 UK. 15 5 Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip 16 Drive, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X5, Canada. 17 6 Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan. 18 7 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Jyrängöntie 2, 00560 Helsinki, 19 Finland. 20 21 Abstract 22 The ‘Cambrian Explosion’ describes the rapid increase in animal diversity and abundance, 23 as manifest in the fossil record, between ~ 540 and 520 million years ago (Ma). This event, 24 however, is nested within a far more ancient record of macrofossils extending at least into the 25 late Ediacaran, ~571 Ma. The evolutionary events documented during the Ediacaran– 1 26 Cambrian interval coincide with geochemical evidence for the modernisation of Earth’s 27 biogeochemical cycles.