HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE COCHECO RIVER BASEST, SOUTHEASTERN
NEW HAMPSHIRE
By John E. Cotton
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4130
Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES WATER RESOURCES DIVISION
Bow, New Hampshire
1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
MANTJEL LU JAN, JR., Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Dallas L. Peck, Director
For additional information, write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:
District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey 10 Causeway Street, Suite 926 Box 25425, Federal Center Boston, MA 02222-1040 Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS
Page Abstract...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Purpose and scope ...... 1 Approach ...... 1 Population and water use ...... 2 Previous studies ...... 3 Acknowledgments ...... 3 Geologic setting ...... 3 Bedrock ...... 3 Surficial deposits ...... 3 Occurrence of ground water ...... 4 Surficial deposits ...... 4 Till ...... 4 Stratified drift ...... 4 Bedrock ...... 5 Ground-water recharge and discharge ...... 5 Description and water-yielding characteristics of selected stratified-drift aquifers ...... 6 New Durham ...... 8 Farmington ...... 9 Northern Rochester ...... 12 Southern Rochester ...... 12 Southern Rochester and western Dover ...... 12 Dover ...... 12 Isinglass River valley ...... 15 Ground-water quality ...... 15 General description ...... 15 Effect of induced recharge ...... 16 Summary and conclusions ...... 17 Selected references ...... 17 Glossary ...... 19
PLATE
[Plate is in the pocket at back.]
Plate 1. Map showing availability of ground water
111 ILLUSTRATIONS
Page Figure 1. Index map showing location of study area ...... 2 2-4. Hydrographs of: 2. wells developed in till ...... 6 3. wells developed in sand and gravel ...... 7 4. wells developed in fine sand, silt and clay ...... 8 5-12. Hydrogeologic sections of the: 5. Ela River valley at New Durham ...... 10 6. Ela River valley in northwest Farmington ...... 10 7. Cocheco River valley in Farmington ...... 11 8. Cocheco River valley in southeast Farmington ...... 11 9. Cocheco River valley in north Rochester ...... 13 10. Cocheco River valley in south Rochester ...... 13 11. Isinglass River valley in south Rochester and west Dover ...... 14 12. Reyners Brook valley in Dover ...... 15
TABLES
Page Table 1. Water levels in selected wells ...... 21 2. Miscellaneous low-flow discharge measurements ...... 22 3. Chemical analyses for common constituents of water samples from selected wells ... 23 4. Chemical analyses for trace elements of water samples from selected wells ...... 24 5. Recommended-use classifications and water-quality standards for New Hampshire surface water ...... 25 6. Records of selected wells and test wells ...... 27 7. Drillers' logs of wells and test wells ...... 37 8. Records of selected borings ...... 42 9. Drillers' logs of selected borings ...... 44
IV CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the convenience of readers who may prefer to use metric (International System) units rather than the inch-pound units used in this report, values may be converted by using the following factors.
Multiply inch-pound unit By To obtain metric unit
Length inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) square foot (ft2) 0.0929 square meter (m2) square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer (km2) Volume gallon (gal) 3.785 Liter (L) Flow cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) cubic foot per second per 0.01093 cubic meter per second square mile (ft3/s)/mi2 per square kilometer (m3/s)/km2 cubic foot per square 0.01093 cubic meter per square mile (ftVmi2) kilometer (m3/km2) gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 Liter per second (L/s) million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meters per second (m3/s) million gallons per day 0.0169 cubic meters per second per square mile [(Mgal/d)/mi2] per square kilometer [(m3/s)/km2] Temperature degree Fahrenheit (°F) °C = 5/9 x (°F-32) degree Celcius °C Hydraulic conductivity foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d) Transmissivity foot squared per day (ft2/d) 0.0929 meter squared per day (m2/d)
National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929): A Geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called "Mean Sea Level." Hydrogeology of the Cocheco River Basin, Southeastern New Hampshire
By John E. Cotton
ABSTRACT Purpose and Scope
The growing population in the Cocheco River basin of This report describes the hydrogeology of the Cocheco southeastern New Hampshire is likely to require addi River basin. Specifically, the report assesses the tional sources of potable ground water. Glacial sand availability of ground water in the basin and focuses and gravel aquifers in the basin that contain sig on the location and extent of stratified drift with the nificant and readily available quantities of ground potential for ground-water development, including water have been mapped. Total potential yield from areas that could be recharged by induced infiltration these aquifers may exceed 15 million gallons per day. of surface water. The report also provides estimates The underlying crystalline bedrock in the basin trans of potential ground-water yields and assesses ground- mits and stores significant quantities ofground water water quality. only in fracture zones, which have not been mapped. Ground-water quality is generally suitable for most uses, although some areas have water with excessive Approach iron concentrations. Other local water-quality problems such as elevated chloride concentrations, probably reflect land-use practices. Hydrogeologic data, were collected and used to produce a map of the Cocheco River basin, which identifies the most favorable areas for ground-water development. Streamflow measurements were made during periods of low flow at selected sites throughout INTRODUCTION the basin to help estimate ground-water discharge. Water levels were measured monthly in selected ob servation wells to ascertain natural patterns of ground-water recharge and discharge and to estimate This report is an assessment of the hydrogeology of saturated thickness of aquifers. Water samples from the Cocheco River basin in southeastern New selected wells were analyzed for common dissolved Hampshire (fig. 1). Demand for water in this 182 mi2 constituents, pesticides, and PCBs (polychlorinated (square mile) river basin has been increasing because biphenyls) to assess the chemical quality of ground of rapid population growth. This appraisal was done water in the basin. All basic data including well in cooperation with the State of New Hampshire records, streamflow measurements, chemical Department of Environmental Services, Water analysis, and New Hampshire water-quality stand Resources Division. ards are located at the end of this report. 71 10
43 25
COCHECO RIVER BASIN
43 12 30
0 12 MILES
0613 19 KILOMETERS
Figure 1.--Location of study area.
Population and Water Use The average daily pumpage in 1969 in the basin was 3.3 Mgal/d (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976; New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Com Population in southeastern New Hampshire doubled mission, 1970). Incomplete data for 1983 suggest that from 1940 to 1970. The population of 11 towns and daily pumpage may have approached 3.6 Mgal/d (New cities entirely or partly within the Cocheco River basin Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Com increased from about 61,000 in 1970 to about 74,000 mission, 1983.) in 1980--an increase of 21 percent (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980). The eight towns and cities with Per capita water use in 1969 for 48,100 people served population centers in the basin, or with more than 25 by municipal systems ranged from 65 to 119 gal/d and percent of their land in the basin, had a population of averaged 91 gal/d. The average per capita use in 68,400 in 1980; population increased by 20 percent creased to about 118 gal/d in 1974 (U.S. Army Corps during the 1970's. Population projections differ of Engineers, 1976). This value reflects industrial significantly, but continued rapid growth seems cer water demands, particularly in Farmington, tain (Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., 1969; U.S. Army Rochester, and Somersworth. Preliminary data sug Corps of Engineers, 1976; New Hampshire Office of gest that per capita demand in 1983 has not changed State Planning, 1985). significantly since 1974. Estimates of future water demand include a gradual increase in daily per capita There are three cities within the basin; the municipal use to the year 2020. For the five basin communities water system in Dover is supplied by ground water, with existing municipal systems, the predicted per the system in Rochester by surface water, and the capita demands for 2020 range from 153 to 240 gal/d system in Somersworth by combined sources. The (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976). Other es towns of Farmington, Milton, and Rollinsford each timates that also include the five communities have water systems that use ground water, although without existing municipal systems range from 60 to the wells for Milton and Rollinsford are located in the 204 gal/d (Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., 1969). Salmon Falls River basin. All of these municipalities need to increase source capacity. The towns of Bar- Water use from private wells (using 1969 data) was rington, New Durham, and Straffordhave no distribu estimated to be about 0.6 Mgal/d, assuming that the tion systems. Very small areas of Middletown and 10,300 people not served by public supplies had per Northwood are in the basin. Plate 1 shows locations capita use of 60 gal/d. Therefore, assuming that the of municipalities. percentage of the population not served by public supply in 1969 remained unchanged throughout the GEOLOGIC SETTING decade, private pumpage may have reached more than 0.7 Mgal/d in 1980. Bedrock Calculations of future water demands of basin com munities differ greatly, depending on projections of population and per capita use. In addition, estimates Bedrock in the Cocheco River basin consists mainly of differ as to the percentage of the total population that metamorphic rocks, including gneiss, slate, schist, will be served by public supplies, not only in the six quartzite, and metavolcanic rocks, which were in towns with existing systems, but also in the five towns truded by granite throughout the basin and by presently without municipal systems (Anderson- granodiorite in the eastern part of the basin (Billings, Nichols and Co., Inc., 1969; U.S. Army Corps of En 1956; Novotny, 1969). These rocks are part of the gineers, 1976). To illustrate the range in projected Avalonian structural stratigraphic province and were water use for the 11 basin communities in 2020, a per formed during the Caledonian-Hercynian orogeny of capita use of 130 gal/d and a population range of Middle Ordovician to Middle Devonian time. The 80,000 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976) to rocks are present in northeasterly trending belts that 220,000 (Anderson-Nichols and Co., 1969) was as parallel the region's structural grain, which is ex sumed. Under these conditions, the total water emplified by the Massabesic anticlinorium in the demand would range from about 10 to 29 Mgal/d, or northwestern part of the Cocheco River basin and by from 2.4 to almost 7 times the estimated pumpage in the Merrimack trough in the southeastern part of the 1980. basin (Lyons and others, 1982). The metamorphic rocks are deformed and repeated at the surface by folding, and the metamorphic and in Previous Studies trusive rocks are dislocated by faults. The most ex tensive faults are oriented parallel to the regional structural trend. These nearly vertical faults are part Previous descriptions of ground-water resources in of a system forming splayed or horsetail patterns and this area by the Geological Survey include a recon which link, along strike, the Clinton-Newbury fault naissance map of southeastern New Hampshire (Cot system of Massachusetts with the Nonesuch River- ton, 1977) and a study that included the lower part of Norumbega fault system of Maine (Lyons and others, the Cocheco River basin (Bradley and Petersen, 1962; 1982). These strike faults are characteristically Bradley, 1964). These reports indicated that the defined by local zones of silicification or brecciation. greatest potential for locating municipal wells was in Extensive fracturing within adjacent rock units oc coarse-grained, stratified glacial deposits in the val curred during movement along these faults. leys of the basin. Other studies on water resources in Faults striking northwesterly cut across the regional southeastern New Hampshire were done by Camp, structural grain. The expression of these nearly verti Dresser and McKee (1960), Southeastern New cal faults is more subtle than the northeasterly strik Hampshire Regional Planning Commission (1972), ing faults, but many of them are traceable by the Strafford Regional Planning Commission (1975), topographic lineaments in which ponds and swamps the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1976), and Ander are common. The northwesterly striking faults com son-Nichols and Co., Inc. (1980). monly are associated with relatively wide zones of fracturing and brecciation, but do not seem to dislo cate rock units more than a few tens of feet. Acknowledgments Surficial Deposits The author appreciates the information and assis tance received from State and municipal officials, Bedrock is covered by unconsolidated deposits formed residents of the area, well drillers, and consulting during the last period of glaciation. Till-generally an engineers. T. J. Fagan, R. B. Moore, S. E. Fisher, D. un sorted or poorly sorted mixture of rock material R. Elberfeld, and T. J. Mack helped compile data and ranging in size from clay to boulders —was deposited prepare illustrations. directly by glacial ice during both the advancing and retreating stages of glaciation. Beneath active Fine-grained sediment (very fine sands, silt, and clay) (moving) ice, compact basal till, generally less than 30 were deposited in lakes, ponds, estuaries, and marine feet thick, was deposited discontinuously on the embayments. In areas that were near the shore, bedrock surface. In places, basal till was deposited on deposits may also contain sandy lenses. Lowlands of small bedrock highs that locally hindered the move the lower part of the basin contain extensive deposits ment of the debris-laden ice (Tuttle, 1952). Till thick formed in estuarine or marine environments. ness in these places may exceed 100 feet (Bradley, 1964). Ablation till, which discontinuously overlies compact till or bedrock, formed as residual material OCCURRENCE OF GROUND WATER on the melting (wasting) ice surface and gradually settled down on the underlying surface with the disap pearance of melting ice. Ablation till is less compact Surficial Deposits than basal till and is faintly stratified in places. Till is the most common surficial deposit in the Cocheco River basin and is by far the dominant surficial Till material in all the upper basin and on the hills and many undulating surfaces of the lower basin. The ability of unconsolidated deposits to yield water Stratified-drift deposits within this basin were formed is partly dependent on the hydraulic conductivity, during the waning stages of glaciation by sediment- which in turn is dependent on the number and size of laden meltwater streams and by standing water (Tut the pores and their degree of interconnection. In tle, 1952; Bradley, 1964). Ice-contact deposits formed unsorted or poorly sorted deposits, finer and coarser near the ice and range from predominantly sand to particles are intermixed, with the net effect that pore sandy gravel reflecting the variation of stream size and degree of interconnection are relatively velocities (energy levels) of the depositional environ small. This results in relatively low hydraulic conduc ments. Such variations occur within an individual tivity. deposit and among different deposits. Ice-contact deposits commonly form low topographic terraces Till—an unsorted or poorly sorted deposit with a wide within the valleys. In the Isinglass valley, these ter range in grain sizes—has a relatively low hydraulic races are generally small, but they are extensive in conductivity. Accordingly, till is a minor aquifer and the Ela and Cocheco valleys. normally will not yield enough water to meet most municipal, industrial, or commercial needs. In some Outwash deposits were formed by meltwater streams places, till yields enough water to large-diameter dug beyond or away from the ice margin. The coarseness wells to supply single-family domestic needs, but this yield may not be dependable during droughts, when of these deposits ranges from sand to gravelly sand, the water table declines and there is less water in and the sorting generally increases with distance of transport. Thus, outwash deposits generally are bet storage. ter sorted than ice-contact deposits. In this basin, outwash forms thick deposits in the Ela and Cocheco Stratified Drift valleys. In the Isinglass valley, relatively thin out- wash was deposited as sandy gravels which become finer grained and better sorted to the east. Ground-water development in southeastern New Hampshire has been most successful in thick, Coarser sediment in meltwater streams that entered saturated deposits of stratified drift composed of well- standing water formed deltaic deposits; whereas, finer sorted sand and gravel. These deposits, which sediment temporarily remained in suspension. The generally occur as ice-contact and outwash deposits, coarseness of deltaic sediment reflects the suspended have relatively high hydraulic conductivity as well as load of the stream. Foreset beds of the deltas common high porosity, which allows water to move through ly are well-sorted sands, and, where the ice margin them relatively rapidly. Finer grained lake, es and standing water were in close proximity, sandy tuarine, and marine deposits have relatively low gravel may predominate. Several undulating hills in hydraulic conductivity because, despite high porosity, the lower basin are composed of ice-contact deltaic much of the water is retained in small pore spaces deposits. under capillary tension. In the study basin, some thick sand and gravel Areas where faults intersect may prove to be the most deposits have substantial capacity to store ground productive zones. water. In other aquifers where the saturated thick nesses and storage capacities are small, continual recharge is needed to sustain large-yield wells. In GROUND-WATER RECHARGE general, the saturated thickness of deposits in the AND DISCHARGE Isinglass River valley are significantly less than those in the Ela and Cocheco River valleys. All water in the study basin is derived from precipita tion. Water leaves the basin by returning to the Bedrock atmosphere through evapotranspiration or by surface flow in the Cocheco River, a tributary of the Piscata- qua River. Water from precipitation may enter the The metamorphic rocks are hard and compact; they Cocheco River and its tributaries by flowing over the contain recoverable water only in open fractures land surface directly into streams, or indirectly by (secondary porosity). The size, distribution, and de infiltrating the soil. Some of the water is retained as gree of interconnection of these fractures are highly soil moisture and the rest percolates downward to the variable and the number generally decreases with water table and becomes ground water. Ground water depth. Thus, the capacity of bedrock to store water is naturally moves through the pores of sediments and variable, but relatively small and generally decreases the fractures in bedrock to discharge into lakes, ponds, with depth. Although wells penetrating bedrock com and streams. Downstream from Dover, ground-water monly yield dependable supplies of good quality water discharge in the main valley is within the tidewater for single family domestic needs, they do not yield reach of the Cocheco River. enough water for municipal or industrial needs. Hydrographs of water levels from observation wells There have been instances where bedrock wells could illustrate the natural patterns of ground-water not supply domestic needs. recharge and discharge (figs. 2, 3, and 4). A rising water table shows recharge to be greater than dis Studies indicate that there are no significant differen charge during the nongrowing season. During the ces in the water-yielding characteristics of the various growing season, discharge exceeds recharge because bedrock types in the basin (Bradley, 1964; Stewart, most of the precipitation does not reach the water 1968). However, Stewart found that average well table, but is returned to the atmosphere through yield in metamorphic rocks in New Hampshire is evapotranspiration. slightly higher (13.4 gal/min) than in igneous rocks (10.3 gal/min). Systematic exploration may allow Ground-water discharge is a substantial component of location of wells with relatively high yields (Cotton total streamflow and may be the only source of and Hammond, 1985). Zones where bedrock is exten streamflow during dry periods. Measurements of sively fractured may yield larger quantities of water. streamflow during dry periods aid in assessing the These zones are related to the geologic structure, such ground-water resources of upstream drainage areas. as the northeast- and north west-trending faults. Pub Low-flow measurements were made in the basin in lished bedrock geology maps show some of the north September 1982 (table 2; Blackey, Cotton, andToppin, east-trending faults (Freedman, 1950; Billings, 1956; 1983). At this time, flow duration of the Oyster River Novotny, 1969). Wells drilled in the brecciated zones (station 01073000), the nearest gaging station on an may have above average yields, whereas wells drilled unregulated stream, varied from 84 to 88 percent. in silicified fault zones may have below-average Measurements of the Ela River and the Cocheco River yields. above Rochester were useful in estimating ground- water discharge. Regulation of streamflow affected Extension fractures occur within and adjacent to the the use of discharge measurements for evaluating fault zones and also aid in providing higher yields to ground-water resources at several sites. Release from wells. The northwest-trending faults have not been surface storage in Bow Lake to the Isinglass River mapped systematically and no information has been masked ground-water discharge to the upper part of published. Because brecciation is common, the the Isinglass River. Release from Ayers Pond delineation of these features may prove to be impor restricted the usefulness of all measurements tant in prospecting for water in the bedrock aquifer. downstream, including the lower Cocheco River. The SOW - 4
5.0
Figure 2.--Wells developed in till.
width of aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient significance of low flows to each of the aquifer areas (Heath, 1983). Transmissivity is equal to the investigated is included in the description of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer multiplied by its aquifers in the next section of this report. saturated thickness. Judgements of both variations of hydraulic conductivity and saturated thickness result in broad ranges of generalized estimates of DESCRIPTION AND WATER-YIELD transmissivity. ING CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED STRATIFIED- Brief descriptions are given of selected stratified-drift aquifers in the main valleys of the Ela and Cocheco DRIFT AQUIFERS Rivers in the towns of New Durham and Farmington and in the cities of Rochester and Dover (pi. 1). Thin Stratified-drift aquifers are shown on plate 1. Water- stratified-drift aquifers are described in the Isinglass yielding characteristics of these aquifers are ex River valley. pressed by ranges of estimated transmissivity~the rate at which water is transmitted through a unit FAW - 7
FAW - 17
2 10.0
FAW - 21
NFW - 23 /\
Figure 3.--Wells developed in sand and gravel.
Preliminary estimates of the total amount of water potentially available for pumpage is less than the total potentially available from stratified aquifers include direct recharge; this is called effective direct recharge. that part of precipitation that falls directly on the A summary of several studies in southern New aquifer and becomes ground water, water from ad England and New York (MacNish and Randall, 1982) jacent areas of till and bedrock that enters the sand indicates that about 50 percent of the average annual and gravel aquifer, and streamflow through the precipitation directly on a stratified-drift aquifer be aquifer that might be induced to infiltrate the sand comes effective recharge. Using this estimate and the and gravel. fact that the average annual precipitation in the
Cocheco Rivero basin is about 43 inches or 2 It has been estimated that nearly all of the precipi (Mgal/d)/mi , effective recharge is estimated to be 1 tation that falls directly on a sand and gravel aquifer (Mgal/d)/mi2. infiltrates the ground (Cervione, Mazzaferro and Mel- vin, 1972). Infiltrated water not needed to satisfy soil Indirect recharge to the stratified-drift aquifer is that moisture requirements, that reaches the water table, water from till and bedrock areas that enters sand and is called direct recharge. Water lost through evapo- gravel either as surface flow that infiltrates the sand transpiration comes from both soil moisture and and gravel or as lateral ground-water flow into the ground water. Therefore, the amount of ground water sand and gravel. A conservative estimate of indirect 4.0
Figure 4.--Wells developed in fine sand, silt and clay.
streamflow there could be a potential for larger recharge can be derived from ground-water discharge amounts of induced recharge. to a stream when the amount of streamflow is equaled or exceeded 85 percent of the time (85 percent flow duration). In September 1982, streamflow was New Durham measured in two drainage areas of predominantly till and bedrock. A flow of 0.06 (fl3/s)/mi2 (cubic feet per second per square mile) was measured at Mad River A pronounced southeast-trending valley extends (table 2, informal site 15, station 01072730) which about 22 miles from Lake Winnipesaukee to enters the Cocheco River just to the southeast of this Rochester. This valley drained meltwater from area. A flow of 0.06 (ft /s)/mi was also measured at residual ice that occupied the Lake Winnipesaukee Mohawk Brook (table 2, informal site 33, station basin in late glacial times (Chapman, 1974, Cotton, 01072849). This value also equals the 84 percent flow unpublished paper, 1953). Since glaciation, a duration of Mohawk Brook as determined from drainage divide within this valley at New Durham records at a discontinued gaging station (01072850). separates drainage into two basins. The Mer- Indirect recharge within the study area is estimated rymeeting River drains northerly into Alton Bay, to be 0.06 (ft3/symi2 or 0.04 (Mgal/d)/mi2. which is a drowned segment of the old glacial valley (pi. 1). Pumping wells located near streams can reverse the The southern 11 miles of the valley is within the natural ground-water gradient and cause surface present study area. The drainage divide between Mer- water to infiltrate the aquifer and flow toward the rymeeting and Ela Rivers is an undulating plain at wells. This effect, known as induced recharge, can be the center of New Durham (pi. 1). Ice-contact sand used to increase well yields. To the extent that in and gravel is present in the southwestern third of the duced recharge occurs, streamflow is reduced. If all valley and outwash sand is present in the rest of the the streamflow at 85-percent duration became in valley. The location of the ground-water drainage duced recharge then the stream would be dry 15 divide is not precisely known, but is probably close to percent of the time under conditions of normal the surface-water drainage divide. The water table is precipitation. However, during times of greater generally less than 10 feet below land surface. Near the divide, depth to bedrock is unknown, but is greater than 0.6 Mgal/d could be induced to infiltrate the than 30 feet at well NFW-7 (table 6). Thus, the satu aquifer during periods of higher streamflow. rated thickness of the sand is at least 20 feet near the center of the present valley, and may be as much as 90 feet to the northeast where bedrock is reported to Farmington be 96 feet below the surface at the fire station, which is about 300 feet outside the valley.
About 1 mile to the southeast ice-contact gravels ex Where the Ela River enters the northwestern corner of Farmington it has a relatively steep gradient, and tend nearly across the valley (fig. 5) and saturated thickness may reach 120 feet at well NFW-10. its channel is cut in till and bedrock along a 1.6-mile reach downstream from the aquifer in New Durham. Upstream and downstream from this section wetlands About 0.5 mile southeast of the New Durham/Far- exist on outwash that is topographically lower than the ice-contact deposits. mington town line the valley widens and thin outwash sands overlie till (fig. 6). The amount of sand and gravel increases an unknown amount southeast of The quantity of ground water potentially available this section. from this aquifer is a function of the recharge from precipitation and the amount of streamflow in the Ela The junction of the Ela and Cocheco Rivers is just River that could be induced to infiltrate the aquifer. upstream from the center of Farmington. The Both recharge from precipitation and induced infiltra stratified drift is as much as 1.3 miles wide within the tion are estimated using information from previous urban area, and there is a small till-covered hill in the studies and assumptions regarding streamflow deple middle of the valley (pi. 1). Ice-contact sands and tion. The sand and gravel aquifer in this part of the gravels within this section of the stratified-drift Ela River drainage occupies about 1.5 mi2. Therefore, aquifer are probably less than 50 feet thick west of the the average annual direct recharge for precipitation till-covered hill and may be greater than 60 feet thick is estimated to be 1.5 Mgal/d [1 (Mgal/d)/mi2 x 1.5 mi2]. to the north and east of the hill. Southeast of the hill Indirect recharge to the sand and gravel aquifer from the thickness exceeds 100 feet (fig. 7). 3 mi of adjacent till areas is estimated to be 0.12 Mgal/d. The basis for these estimates has been ex The aquifer narrows to about 0.6 mile about 1 mile plained in the introductory statements of this section southeast of the center of Farmington with till of the report. uplands 1 mile or more in width on either side. The thickness of the aquifer in the central part of the valley The amount of water available as induced recharge within this 3-mile reach of the river is unknown (fig. from the Ela River was estimated from low streamflow 8) except near the Rochester town line, where till is measurements in September 1982. At this time the exposed beneath thin gravels in a gravel pit. flow duration of the Oyster River was about 85 per cent. Discharge measurements made at the Ela River At present, Farmington withdraws about 0.3 Mgal/d below Club Pond (informal site 1, station 01072713) from two wells in the northeastern part of the aquifer. and at the downstream end of this aquifer (informal Most of this water eventually returns to the Cocheco site 5, station 01072720) indicated a flow of about 1.0 River. The estimated direct annual recharge to the ft /s (0.6 Mgal/d). High evapotranspiration loss from sand and gravel aquifer in Farmington is 5.4 Mgal/d the wetlands within the aquifer was apparently equiv [1.0 (Mgal/d)/mi2 x 5.4 mi2] and indirect annual alent to the ground-water discharge to this reach of recharge from adjacent till areas is about 0.6 Mgal/d the Ela River. [0.04 (Mgal/d)/mi2 x 13.9 mi2]. The total annual recharge from both sources is 6.0 Mgal/d. If it is The water potentially available for withdrawal during assumed that all surface water upstream from the years of normal precipitation equals the average an aquifer is consumptively used, and therefore, not nual recharge (1.6 Mgal/d) and the low flow of the Ela available for induced recharge and that all annual River (0.6 Mgal/d) or 2.2 Mgal/d. This estimate as recharge could be captured by wells then 6.0 Mgal/d sumes that all the recharge from precipitation could of water is available. This estimate is conservative be captured by wells and that the flow of the Ela River because surface water in the Cocheco River could be would be completely depleted within this area about induced to infiltrate the aquifer by properly placed 15 percent of the time. However, it is likely that more wells. 400
350 0 500 1000 FEET 1———— 1————I 150 300 METERS -300 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X10
250
Figure 5.--Hydrogeologic section of the Ela River valley at New Durham.
SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
500
1- 400
- 300
- 200
100 100
EXPLANATION
SAND AND GRAVEL TILL | BEDROCK
I ? I UNIT UNCERTAIN
Figure 6.--Hydrogeologic section of the Ela River valley in northwest Farmington.
10 SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST C' '400
-350
300
250 ^rSyvKtfss*w:£3 wii^ V-^/-^/- / ^' ^ />^XX /-^/-N/-SV /^ /x/ :.X /x/^\ /x;/^.\ tip^^^^^^ 200 ii!^^^c^^ 150
100 0 500 1000 FEET h-——— I—— ——1 0 150 300 METERS 50 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x10
0
Figure 7.~Hydrogeologic section of the Cocheco River valley in Farmington.
SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
400-1
300-
200-
H 100-
EXPLANATION
SAND AND GRAVEL TILL AND BEDROCK
—?- CONTACT INFERRED; QUERIED WHERE UNCERTAIN
Figure 8.—Hydrogeologic section of the Cocheco River valley in southeast Farmington.
11 The amount of ground water available for withdrawal grained marine deposits (fig. 10). Because a gravel pit can also be estimated by measuring the gain in near this site is currently the location of a sanitary streamflow during lowflow periods when all water in landfill, it is unlikely that any ground-water the river is derived from ground-water discharge. withdrawal will be allowed. However, the relation of Low-flow measurements were made during Septem the ice-contact delta and marine deposits illustrated ber 1982 when streams in the area were at the 85 and documented here is believed to hold true else percent flow duration. At that time the total gain in where in the basin. streamflow along the Cocheco River, where it crosses the sand and gravel aquifer in Farmington, was 9.1 Deltas most likely formed contemporaneously with ft3/s or 5.9 Mgal/d. the early deposition of marine and estuarine silts and clays (Moore, 1978; 1982). This reduces the prob Although the two different estimates of ground-water ability that extensive sand and gravel underlie the availability are similar [6.0 Mgal/d annual recharge fine-grained deposits. Potential yield from this kind vs. 5.9 Mgal/d (low flow)], both ignore short term of aquifer is limited to direct recharge, indirect depletion of storage in the aquifer, and therefore, are recharge from adjacent till areas, and induced considered to be estimates of sustained yield. recharge from streams that have eroded into the coarse-grained marginal areas of the deposit. Northern Rochester Southern Rochester and Western About 1 mile southeast of the Rochester town line, the Dover Cocheco River valley widens and a broad sand plain east of the river extends across the low topographic Sand and gravel form a water-table aquifer adjacent divide into the Salmon Falls River basin. Depth to to the Cocheco River within The Hoppers area of east bedrock beneath this plain is probably less than 40 Barrington, western Dover and southern Rochester feet (fig. 9). (fig. 11). This area consists predominantly of an ice- contact deposit that is part of a delta, which probably Within the western part of the valley, sand and gravel formed at the same time as adjacent marine deposits may be more than 80 feet deep with a saturated (Moore, 1978). In places, the sand and gravel is more thickness of more than 60 feet (fig. 9). The stratified- than 100 feet thick and the saturated thickness may drift aquifer downstream of measurement site 26 (sta exceed 60 feet (fig. 11). tion 01072780) extends south into the urban part of Rochester. Although this part of the aquifer is about Dover has three municipal wells that withdraw about 5 mi in area, only the western part (about 2 mi ) has 1.8 Mgal/d from this 0.9 mi area. There seems to be significant potential for production. Direct recharge to a hydraulic connection between this aquifer and the this portion of the aquifer is estimated at 2 Mgal/d [1 Cocheco River along a reach of about 1,500 feet where (Mgal/d)/mi x 2 mi ] and indirect recharge from bor the river channel is adjacent to coarse-grained dering till areas to the west is estimated at 0.12 materials in the delta. However, fine materials in the Mgal/d [0.04 (Mgal/d)/mi x 3 mi ]. The flow of the river channel probably limits the amount of induced Cocheco River at measurement site 26 near this sec infiltration that can occur. This area is under full tion (pi. 1) in September 1982 was 13.7 ft3/s, when the production; there is some consideration of pumping Oyster River was at about 85 percent flow duration. water from the Isinglass River to artifically recharge More than 5 Mgal/d of ground water might be the aquifer so that withdrawal rates maybe increased. withdrawn within a 1.5-mile reach of the river valley (Dover Water Department, oral commun., 1983). because of the area's large capacity to store water and the potential for induced recharge. Dover Southern Rochester The broad valley of the Cocheco River and surround ing lowlands in the Dover area is underlain by very In southern Rochester, ice-contact sand and gravel fine sand, silt, and clay of marine origin (fig. 12). forms terraces on the northern side of Rochester Neck. These sediments overlie till and bedrock. Low till- These deposits are flanked on the northeast by fine covered hills rise above the plains. In places, as much
12 WEST
Figure 9.-Cocheco River valley in north Rochester.
SEA LEVEL
-40 -40
EXPLANATION
§ SAND AND GRAVEL il1 SAND r.fS'-V| •••..;•.; .-.j GRAVEL
SILTY CLAY TILL f>\%\*| BEDROCK
• ••• WATER TABLE ?- CONTACT INFERRED ; QUERIED WHERE UNCERTAIN
Figure 10.--Hydrogeologic section of the Cocheco River valley in south Rochester.
13 NORTH SOUTH
2 G'
200 200
160
500 1000 FEET H— 0 150 300 METERS VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x12
EXPLANATION "•''••'•':'•• SAND • • SILTY SAND GRAVEL
u- ^ SILTY CLAY ^1 TILL A •> > TILL OR BEDROCK
Figure ll.--Hydrogeologic section of the Isinglass River valley in south Rochester and west Dover. WEST EAST H' H 300 300
200 - -200
-r^i^xxHHx: 100 - - 100
SEA SEA LEVEL" LEVEL
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X10 -100 .-100 EXPLANATION
SAND AND GRAVEL SAND CLAY
TILL AND BEDROCK —?- CONTACT INFERRED ; QUERIED WHERE UNCERTAIN Figure 12.--Hydrologic section of the Reyners Brook valley in Dover. as 30 feet of sand overlies the marine deposits. The GROUND-WATER QUALITY saturated thickness of this water-table sand aquifer is apparently limited to a few feet, and only small water supplies can be developed. Domestic supplies General Description from shallow dug or driven wells may not prove ade quate during dry times. Ground water in sand and gravel aquifers and bedrock aquifers in the Cocheco River basin generally is suitable for domestic uses. Most of it is clear and Isinglass River Valley colorless, contains no suspended matter and few bac teria, and is low in dissolved-solids concentration. Ground-water samples from 24 sites were collected In the Isinglass River valley, generally thin, stratified and analyzed for common constituents (table 3), trace sand and gravel deposits form small water-table elements, and some minor constituents (table 4). At aquifers. Storage in some of these aquifers may be six of these sites ground-water samples were analyzed adequate to sustain short-term depletion, but storage for pesticides and organic substances (table 3). None may not be adequate in smaller aquifers. Low flow in of the six samples had concentrations above the detec the Isinglass River at State Highway 202 in Bar- tion limits given in table 3. rington was about 5.5 ft3/s in September 1982 (table 2). This gain in flow of about 3.8 ft3/s (2.5 Mgal/d) The common constituents and properties listed in below the outlet of Bow Lake, is the maximum that table 3 are found in most natural sources of water. could be potentially withdrawn from wells in these Few constituents have specific limits set in the nation aquifers during years of normal precipitation. al primary drinking water regulations by the U.S.
15 Environmental Protection Agency (1976). Fluoride maximum limit and a lead concentration in well RLW- has a maximum concentration limit of 2.4 mg/L; none 24 (50 (ig/L) that is at the maximum limit. of the samples were found to exceed that value. In dividuals who are on very restricted sodium diets are The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards cautioned to drink water with sodium concentrations for iron and manganese, 0.3 and 0.05 mg/L respective less than 20 mg/L. The water samples from shallow ly, represent recommended maximum concentrations dug wells RHW-47 and SQW-05 had sodium con and not health standards (U.S. Environmental Protec centrations of 290 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. tion Agency, 1979). Excessive amounts of iron and Chloride concentrations in the samples from these two manganese may restrict the domestic usefulness of wells exceed the maximum recommended limit of 250 the water and render it aesthetically unappealing. mg/L as set in the national secondary drinking water Analysis of ground water by the New Hampshire regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Testing Laboratory and analyses listed in table 1979). These high levels of sodium and chloride are 4 indicate that iron and manganese are often present most likely the result of road deicing operations. in elevated concentrations.
Water in unconsolidated deposits is generally weakly acidic and may be sufficiently acidic enough locally to Effect of Induced Recharge be slightly corrosive to metal plumbing. The pH in 19 water samples from these deposits range from 4.8 to The physical quality of water pumped from an aquifer 7.0 and have a mean of 5.6. that is partly recharged by surface water is not greatly affected by the physical quality of the surface water, Hardness of water caused by the presence of metallic with the exception of temperature. Suspended sedi ions causes a residue to form in containers in which ment, organic matter, turbidity, taste, and odor as water has been allowed to evaporate, and leaves an sociated with the surface water are removed during insoluble residue when used with soap. Although this its movement through bottom sediments and aquifer is partly caused by the presence of calcium and mag materials (Johnston and Dickerman, 1974). Color, if nesium ions, other metallic ions produce the same present in the surface water, may not be entirely results. Total hardness is defined in terms of an removed. The temperature of the pumped water may equivalent amount of calcium carbonate. Most of the vary according to seasonal fluctuations of the surface- samples listed in table 3 are soft (less than or equal to water temperature and the time it takes the infil 60 mg/L calcium carbonate) or moderately hard (60 to trated water to reach the pumping well. Temperature 120 mg/L calcium carbonate). of the pumped water will vary less than that of the surface water because of mixing with the ground Nitrogen and phosphorous are nutrients that can water, which maintains a relatively constant stimulate growth of bacteria in surface waters. Un temperature. usually high concentrations of these nutrients in ground water may be caused by the use of fertilizers; The chemical quality of withdrawn ground water com or when coupled with high chloride levels may indi monly reflects the chemistry of both the infiltrated cate pollution from septic systems or farm animals. surface water and the ground water. Some dissolved No samples analyzed have concentrations above the chemical constituents in the infiltrated water may be nitrogen limit of 10 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protec altered or removed from solution by precipitation, tion Agency, 1976). absorption, exchange, or other processes as it migrates through the aquifer, but many chemical con The trace elements in table 4 are primarily metals stituents retain their identity (Johnston and Dicker that are rarely present in quantities greater than a man, 1974). Concentrations of these constituents will few micrograms per liter in ground water. Maximum change as a result of the mixing of the infiltrated health standards established for some of these ele water with ground water. ments by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1976,1979) are listed in table 4. The analyses shows Infiltration of class A or B surface water does not that most of the concentrations are below the maxi adversely affect the quality of ground water mum limits set by health standards and that most are withdrawn from production wells. New Hampshire's also below the sampling detection limit. Notable ex adopted-use classification for surface water in the ceptions are an arsenic concentration in well RHW-43 basin is B, with the exception that Berry's River basin (43 (j,g/L-micrograms per liter) that approaches the and Round Pond drainage are classified as A (table 5).
16 Waters do not always meet the quality standards Saturated sand and gravel deposits in the Ela, associated with these classifications, but quality is Cocheco, and Isinglass River valleys are the most improving. In 1975, the Cocheco River downstream productive or potentially productive stratified-drift from Farmington was below Class C standards, aquifers in the basin. Aquifers that underlie the Ela primarily due to the presence of untreated municipal River valley may yield 2.5 Mgal/d, within the Cocheco wastes. The Isinglass River at Bow Lake and its lower River valley more than 10 Mgal/d, and within the reaches was tentatively classified C (New Hampshire Isinglass River valley 2.5 Mgal/d. Induced infiltration Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, of stream water could increase sustained yields to 1975). By 1979, the Cocheco River from Farmington properly placed wells. Wells with relatively high to northern Rochester had improved to Class C follow yields could be developed in highly fractured zones in ing the construction of a secondary sewage treatment bedrock. facility in Farmington (New England River Basins Commission, 1979; New Hampshire Water Supply The quality of ground water generally is suitable for and Pollution Control Commission, 1979). In most uses. Recent and anticipated continued im Rochester the river was classified C because of sewage provement in surface-water quality should improve discharge, and from Gonic downstream the river was the water quality in those aquifers where pumpage still below Class C standards. The Isinglass River met causes induced recharge. Class B standards. By early 1986 the Cocheco River north of Rochester probably met Class B standards Chemical quality of ground water may reflect land-use and the new secondary sewage treatment facility in practices. Judicious land-use planning could offer Rochester was operating (Richard Flanders, New protection to the sand and gravel aquifers that occur Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, within this basin. Water Supply and Pollution Control Division, oral comm.). Because of this facility, water quality from Rochester to Dover may improve in the near future. SELECTED REFERENCES The primary sewage treatment facility at Dover dis charges to tidewater downstream from State Routes 9 and 16, but some combined stormwater/sewage out Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., 1969, Public water flow occurs to the Cocheco River above tidewater. supply study, phase one report: New Hampshire Potential water-quality problems associated with dis Department of Water Resources and Economic charges of industrial wastes are monitored by the New Development, 3 volumes, 550 p. Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Com mission. __1980, Ground-water assessment study for 50 communities in southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Ground-water withdrawal from areas near tidewater Division, 2 volumes, 650 p. may cause reversal of the normal hydraulic gradient resulting in saltwater encroachment. However, small Billings, M. P., 1956, The geology of New Hampshire; withdrawals from the till and bedrock aquifers in the Part II bedrock geology: New Hampshire State area apparently have not resulted in any problems. Planning and Development Commission, 203 p.
Blackey, F. E., Cotton, J. E., and Toppin, K. W., 1983, Water-resources data for New Hampshire and SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Vermont, Water Year 1982: U.S. Geological Sur vey Open-File Report NH-VT-82-1,145 p. Bradley, Edward, 1964, Geology and ground-water Communities in the Cocheco River basin are undergo resources of southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. ing rapid population growth that is common to all Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1695, communities in southeastern New Hampshire. The 80 p., 7 pi. population of 11 cities and towns in the basin in creased about 21 percent from 1970 to 1980. This Bradley, Edward, and Petersen, R. G., 1962, Records growth is expected to continue. By 2020, municipal and logs of selected wells and test holes, records and private water demand may be 2 to 6 times greater of selected springs, chemical analyses of water, than the present estimated 3.6 Mgal/d. and water levels in observation wells in
17 southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Beland, J. (eds.) Major structural zones and Survey open-file report, New Hampshire Basic- faults of the northern Appalachians: Geological Data Report 1, Ground-Water Series, 53 p. Association of Canada Special Paper 24, p. 43-66. Camp, Dresser and McKee, 1960, Report on MacNish, R. D. and Randall, A, D., 1982, Stratified- metropolitan water supply for seacoast area: drift aquifers in the Susquehanna River basin, New Hampshire Water Resources Board, 125 p. New York: New York State Department of En vironmental Conservation Bulletin 75, 68 p. Cervione, M. A., Jr., Mazzarferro, D. L., and Melvin, R. L., 1972, Water resources inventory of Connec Mazzaferro, D. L., Handman, E. H., and Thomas, M. ticut, part 6, upper Housatonic River basin: Con P., 1979, Water resources inventory of Connec necticut Water Resources Bulletin 21, 84 p. ticut, part 8, Quinnipiac River basin: Connec ticut Water Resources Bulletin 27, 88 p. Chapman, D.H., 1974, New Hampshire's landscape, how it was formed: New Hampshire Profiles, v. Meyers, T. R., and Bradley, Edward, 1960, Suburban XXIII, no. 1, p. 41-56. and rural water_ supplies in southeastern New Hampshire: New Hampshire State Planning Cotton, J. E., 1977, Availability of ground water in the Development Commission, Mineral Resources Piscataqua and other coastal river basins, Survey, Part XVIII, 31 p. southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report Moore, R. B., 1978, Evidence indicative of former 77-70. grounding-lines in the Great Bay region of New Hampshire (thesis): University of New Cotton, J. E., and Hammond, Robert E., 1985, New Hampshire, Durham, 149 p. Hampshire ground-water resources; in National Water Summary 1984: U.S. Geological Survey __1982, Calving bays vs. ice stagnation ~ a com Water-Supply Paper 2275. parison of models for the deglaciation of the Great Bay region of New Hampshire: in Northeastern Freedman, Jacob, 1950, The geology of the Mt. Paw- Geology , v.4, no. 1, p. 39-45. tuckaway quadrangle: New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, 34 p. New England River Basins Commission, 1979, Pis cataqua and New Hampshire coastal river basins Gillion, R. J., and Helsel, D. R., 1984, Estimation of overview; Public review draft: New England distributional parameters for censored trace- River Basins Commission, 134 p. level water-quality data: I. Estimation techni ques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report New Hampshire Office of State Planning, 1985, New 84-729, 25 p. Hampshire population projections for cities and towns: New Hampshire Office of State Planning, Heath, R. C., 1983, Basic ground-water hydrology: 19 p. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2220, 84 p. New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, 1970, Public water supplies: New Hem, J. D., 1970, Study and interpretation of the Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control chemical characteristics of natural water (2d ed.): Commission, Concord, 17 p. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473, 363 p. 1975, Piscataqua River and coastal New Hampshire basins water quality management Johnston, H. E., and Dickerman, D. C., 1974, plan: New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollu Availability of ground water in the Blackstone tion Control Commission Staff Report no. 67, River area, Rhode Island and Massachusetts: 124 p. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Inves tigations Report 4-74, 2 sheets. 1979, Piscataqua River and coastal New Hampshire basins water quality management Lyons, J. B., Boudette, E. L., and Aleinikoff, J. N., plan: New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollu 1982, The Avalonian and Gander zones in central tion Control Commission Staff Report no. Ill, eastern New England: in St. Julien, P. and 191 p.
18 1983, Public water supplies: New Hampshire GLOSSARY Water Supply and Pollution Control Commis sion, Concord, New Hampshire, 51 p. Aquifer: A formation, group of formations, or part of Novotny, R. F., 1969, The geology of the seacoast a formation that contains enough saturated per region, New Hampshire: New Hampshire meable material to yield significant quantities of Department of Resources and Economic Develop water to wells and springs. The unsaturated part ment, 46 p. of the permeable unit is part of the aquifer.
Riggs, H. C., 1972, Low-flow investigations: Techni Anticlinorium: a composite regional structure com ques of Water-Resources Investigations of the posed of folded rocks, the center of which contains U.S. Geological Survey, book 4, chap. Bl, 17 p. the older rocks.
Southeastern New Hampshire Regional Planning Brecciated: A rock structure marked by the Commission, 1972, Water supply: Southeastern presence of angular fragments. New Hampshire Regional Plan: v. 6, 65 p. Deltaic deposit: A deposit of unconsolidated sedi Stewart, G. W., 1968, Drilled water wells in New ment which is sorted and stratified during the Hampshire: New Hampshire Department of formation of the three components of a delta: Resources and Economic Development, Mineral bottomset beds, foreset beds, and topset beds. Resources Survey, Part XX, 58 p. The bottomset beds are flat-lying and are, generally, the finest grained of the three. The Strafford Regional Planning Commission, 1975, Southern Strafford region environmental plan foreset beds are well-sorted, cross-bedded, and ning study: 84 p. make up the bulk of the delta. The flat-lying topset beds consist of channel and over-bank Tuttle, S. D., 1952, Surficial geology of southeastern flood deposits. New Hampshire: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Drawdown: The difference between nonpumping 186 p. and pumping water level in a well.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976, Southeast New Extension fracture: A fracture that develops per Hampshire water supply study: estimated pendicular to the direction of greatest tension demands and resource availability, 69 p. and parallel to the direction of compression.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980, 1980 census of Evapotranspiration: Loss of water from a land area population and housing, New Hampshire: U.S. through transpiration of plants and evaporation Department of Commerce PHC 80-P-31, 4 p. from the soil.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, Nation Flow duration: The time distribution of streamflow al interim primary drinking water regulations: expressed as the frequency that a particular EPA-570/9-76-003, U.S. Government Printing stream discharge is equaled or exceeded. Office, Washington, D.C., 159 p. Hydraulic conductivity: The volume of water (at ___1979, National secondary drinking water regula the existing kinematic viscosity) that will move tions: Office of Drinking Water, Washington, in unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient D.C., EPA-670/9-76-000, 37 p. through a unit area measured at right angles to the direction of flow. Expressed herein as cubic U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1959, Soil survey, foot of water per square foot of cross-sectional Rockingham County, New Hampshire: U.S. area per day. These values may be converted to Department of Agriculture, series 1954, no. 5, gallons per day per square foot by multiplying by 78 p. 7.48.
1973, Soil survey of Strafford County, New Hydraulic gradient: The change in static head per Hampshire: U.S. Department of Agriculture, unit of distance in a given direction. It is the 96 p. slope of the water table.
19 Low flow: Sustained or fair-weather flow. In un Silicification: The introduction of, or replacement regulated streams, this flow is composed largely by, silica, generally resulting in the formation of of ground-water discharge. fine-grained quartz, chalcedony, or opal, which may both fill pores and replace existing minerals. Metavolcanic rock: A volcanic rock that has under gone mineralogical, chemical, and physical chan Specific yield: The ratio of the volume of water that ges in response to marked changes in rock or soil, after being saturated, will yield by temperature, pressure, shearing stress and gravity drainage to the volume of the rock or soil; chemical environment at depth in the Earth's commonly expressed as a percentage. crust. Static water level: With respect to wells, the level National geodetic vertical datum of 1929 (NGVD of water maintained by natural pressure unaf of 1929): A geodetic datum derived from a fected by pumping. general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly Stratified drift: Sorted and layered unconsolidated called "mean sea level." material deposited in meltwater streams flowing from glaciers or settled from suspension in quiet- Orogeny: The process by which the structures water bodies fed by meltwater streams. within mountain areas were formed, including thrusting, folding, and faulting in the outer and Strike: The direction or trend of a structural surface; higher layers, and plastic folding, metamor- for example, a bedding or fault plane, as it inter phism, and plutonism in the inner and deeper sects the horizontal. layers. Suspended load: The part of the total sediment load Primary porosity: As used in this report, porosity in a stream that is carried in suspension, free that developed during the final stages of forma from contact with the streambed; it consists tion of surficial deposits. mainly of mud, silt, and sand.
Saturated thickness: The thickness of the Sustained yield: The amount of water that can be saturated zone within an aquifer. In a sand and withdrawn from an aquifer without producing an gravel aquifer it is the distance from the water undesired result. table to the bottom of the sand and gravel. Transmissivity: The rate at which water (at the Saturated zone: The subsurface zone in which all existing kinematic viscosity) is transmitted openings are full of water. In an unconfined through a unit width of aquifer under a unit aquifer the water table approximates the upper hydraulic gradient. It is equal to the product of limit of this zone. hydraulic conductivity and saturated thickness. Expressed herein in cubic feet per day per foot or, Secondary porosity: Porosity which may be due to more simply, feet squared per day. These values such phenomena as secondary solution or struc may be converted to gallons per day per foot by turally controlled regional fracturing. multiplying them by 7.48.
20 Table 1.—Water levels in selected wells I Water levels are given in feet below land-surface datum]
Water Water Water Water Date Level Date Level Date Level Date Level
STRAFFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY
Barrington 17 (BBW-17) Farmington 21 (FAW-21)
1981 1982 1981 1982 Oct. 21 2.84 Apr. 27 1.82 Oct. 20 4.02 Apr. 27 2.88 Nov. 30 2.39 May 26 2.59 Nov. 30 3.68 May 26 3.99 Dec. 30 2.46 July 7 3.43 Dec. 30 4.02 July 7 4.55 1982 Aug. 3 3.83 1982 Aug. 3 4.87 Feb. 4 1.50 Aug. 26 4.33 Feb. 4 3.25 Aug. 26 5.28 Mar. 8 1.48 Sept. 30 4.70 Mar. 8 4.24 Sept. 30 5.35
Dover 96 (DJW-96) Milton 2 (MTW-2)
1981 1982 1981 1982 Aug. 21 5.92 Apr. 27 1.71 Dec. 10 6.1 May 26 7.70 Oct. 20 5.41 May 26 2.42 Dec. 30 7.62 July 7 8.27 Nov. 30 2.43 July 7 3.13 1982 Aug. 3 11.01 Dec. 30 2.40 Aug. 2 4.75 Feb. 4 8.63 Aug. 26 10.18 1982 Aug. 26 6.23 Mar. 8 9.17 Sept. 30 12.53 Feb. 4 2.14 Sept. 30 8.92 Apr. 27 5.06 Mar. 8 2.54
Farming ton 7 (FAW-7) New Durham 23 (NFW-23)
1981 1982 1981 1982 Oct. 20 1.70 Apr. 27 1.21 Jan. 2 7.99 Apr. 27 5.32 Nov. 30 1.35 May 26 2.00 Oct. 20 7.75 May 26 6.46 Dec. 30 2.49 July 7 2.65 Nov. 30 6.53 July 7 6.68 1982 Aug. 3 2.71 Dec. 30 6.98 Aug. 3 7.30 Feb. 4 1.00 Aug. 26 3.47 1982 Aug. 26 7.28 Mar. 8 1.45 Sept. 30 4.06 Feb. 4 7.00 Sept. 30 8.04 Mar. 8
Farmington 17 (FAW-17) New Durham 48 (NFW-48) 1981 1982 1981 1982 Aug. 10 23.42 Mar. 8 21.62 Dec. 10 2.92 May 26 3.38 Oct. 20 23.45 Apr. 27 20.93 Dec. 30 3.62 July 7 4.41 Nov. 30 20.54 May 26 21.60 Feb. 4 2.63 Aug. 3 4.99 Dec. 30 20.96 July 7 21.46 Mar. 8 3.83 Aug. 26 5.17 1982 Aug. 3 22.81 Apr. 27 1.80 Sept. 30 5.94 Feb. 4 21.54 Aug. 26 22.02 Sept. 30 23.66 Soniers worth 47(SKW-47) Rochester 40 (RHW-40) 1981 1982 1981 1982 Sept. 30 1.81 Apr. 27 1.49 Oct. 20 12.23 Apr. 27 6.49 Oct. 30 1.57 May 26 1.59 Nov. 30 10.57 May 26 8.46 Nov. 30 1.49 July 7 1.67 Dec. 30 10.18 July 7 8.99 Dec. 30 1.50 Aug. 3 1.86 1982 Aug. 2 11.28 1982 Aug. 26 2.09 Feb. 4 10.38 Aug. 26 12.27 Feb. 4 1.44 Sept. 30 2.57 Mar. 8 11.23 Sept. 30 13.75 Mar. 8 1.53
Str afford 4 (SQW-4) Rochester 47 (RHW-47) 1981 1982 1981 1982 Oct. 21 2.11 Apr. 27 1.52 Dec. 14 6.73 Apr. 27 5.48 Nov. 30 2.03 May 26 2.60 Dec. 30 6.83 May 26 7.19 Dec. 30 2.10 July 7 2.74 1982 July 7 8.44 1982 Aug. 3 2.92 Feb. 4 6.68 Aug. 3 10.81 Feb. 4 1.32 Aug. 26 3.42 Mar. 8 7.60 Aug. 26 11.45 Mar. 8 1.88 Sept. 30 4.23 Sept. 30 13.15
21 Table 2.-Miscellaneaus low-flow discharge measurements [A dash indicates no calculation]
Informal Site No. September 9-14, 1982 on plate 1 (t denotes tri U.S.G.S. Drainage area Discharge Discharge butary to the Station Number (square miles) (cubic feet (cubic feet per Date stream or river per second) second per named above) square mile)
Nippo Brook 36 01072846 _ 0.16 _ 9-14-82 Mohawk Brook 33 01072849 8.67 .52 0.06 9-14-82 Ayers Pond Brook 35 01072860 4.23 *22.4 *5.30 9-14-82 Islinglass River 32 01072840 14.27 1.66 .12 9-14-82 34 01072858 48.67 5.54 .11 9-14-82 29 01072870 63.30 *22.9 *.36 9-13-82 Ela River 1 01072713 2.72 1.02 .37 9-09-82 2 t 01072715 - .05 - 9-09-82 3 t 01072718 - .01 - 9-09-82 4 t 01072717 - 0 - 9-09-82 5 01072720 7.44 .81 .11 9-09-82 Dames Brook 7 t 01072739 _ .06 _ 9-09-82 9 t 01072745 - ponded - 9-09-82 8 01072740 6.60 .18 .03 9-09-82 Hightana Brook 12 t 01072758 - .02 - 9-09-82 13 01072757 - .01 - 9-09-82 Mad River 15 01072730 10.22 .59 .06 9-10-82 Pokamooiishine Brook 16 t t) 1 07 27 50 - 0 - 9-10-82 18 t 01072752 _ .03 - 9- 10-82 19 t 01072754 - .02 - 9-10-82 20 t 01072755 _ 0 - 9-10-82 17 01072751 _ .03 - 9-10-82 Cocheco River 6 01072710 21.30 2.88 .14 9-09-82 10 t 01072747 - 0 - 9-09-82 11 t 01072748 _ 0 _ 9-09-82 14 01072760 47.61 6.39 .13 9-09-82 21 t 01072766 - .01 - 9-10-82
22 t 01072768 _ 0 _ 9-10-82 23 t 01072770 - 0 _ 9-10-82 24 t 01072774 - 0 - 9-10-82 25 t 01072776 _ 0 _ 9-10-82 26 01072780 57.13 13.7 .24 9-10-82
27 t 01072783 _ .02 _ 9-10-82 31 01072800 87.35 38.9 .45 9-13-82 30 t 01072810 - .08 - 9-13-82 28 01072880 169.42 *56.2 *.33 9-13-82
* -Values reflect releases from Ayers Pond.
22 Table ^.-Chemical analyses for common constituents of water samples from selected wells [mg/L is milligrams per liter; a dash indicates no analysis; Six samples analyzed for certain pesticides and organic substances did not have concentrations above the detection limits given at the bottom of the table]
Local Asterisk Well denotes Specific Number Depth, samples Conductance (Loc- in analyzed in micro- Magnes- Nitrate, Phos Phos ations feet for cer- Siemens pH pH Calcium Chloride Fluoride Sodium ium dis- Hard- Nitrogen phorus phorus Sulfate are below tain pest- per field Lab dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved solved ness dissolved total total dissolved shown Site land icides centi- on pi- identification sur- and meter (un (un (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ate 1) number face organics (pS/cm) its) its) as Ca as Cl as F as Na as Mg as CaCOs as N as P as PO4 as 804
Bedrock BBW-16 431439071003101 180 260 6.5 7.1 29 6.4 0.1 5.6 9.0 110 - <0.01 - 16 DJW-91 431355070545301 101 276 5.8 6.7 19 55 <.l 27 4.2 65 - .01 0.03 10 FAW- 8 432351071055101 112 26 5.6 6.2 5.0 1.5 <.l 2.1 0.8 16 — .02 .06 2.2 NFW-26 43252507 1084801 250 390 7.8 7.8 43 61 .5 26 11 150 0.04 .01 .03 7.3 RHW-32 432010071001401 280 190 6.3 6.4 15 37 <.l 15 3.0 50 .03 .01 .03 10 Sand and gravel BBW-15 431500071051801 13 * 38 4.8 5.7 3.2 8.1 <.l 6.5 0.7 11 1.69 .02 .06 1.7 BBW-22 431406070584901 7 34 5.7 6.8 5.2 2.0 <.l 1.9 .4 15 — .01 .03 7.1 DJW-94 431111070500501 14 * 46 5.0 6.6 8.7 6.0 .1 5.4 1.0 26 .11 <.01 ~ 11 FAW-18 432138071020001 12 84 5.8 6.3 9.0 17 <.l 11 .5 25 .43 .03 .09 7.5 FA W-25 432222071024501 23 37 4.9 6.4 2.6 7.1 <.l 5.4 .65 9 _ <.01 — 5.0 CO NFW-22 432557071091401 15 * 175 5.1 6.2 8.0 33 .1 22 1.6 27 — <.01 .. 4.6 RHW-33 432010071001402 28 34 5.4 6.1 1.7 8.5 <.l 6.5 .4 6 1.2 <.01 - 1.3 RHW-43 431704071004301 33 77 6.0 7.2 5.0 2.1 .2 5.4 1.9 21 — .29 .89 15 RLW-24 431351070503701 10.6 139 7.0 7.9 22 7.5 .1 5.0 2.2 64 <.01 .04 .12 8.0 SKW-44 431437070535901 24 * 295 5.4 6.6 11 65 <.l 45 1.3 33 .. .02 .06 13 SQW- 7 431517071113801 6.4 190 6.7 7.8 35 4.1 !i 3.0 1.6 94 -- .03 .09 10 Till BBW-35 431212071061101 7.5 63 6.1 7.4 18 1.6 <.i 2.1 1.7 52 — .04 .12 26 FAW-45 431923071041601 11.2 254 5.1 6.3 23 17 <.i 7.9 7.1 87 — .01 .03 11 MLW- 3 432723071052701 14 285 5.6 6.9 24 59 .1 29 1.6 67 .. .01 .03 11 MTW- 2 432558071025001 13 55 5.0 5.9 4.9 10 <.i 6.2 .78 16 - - - 7.0 NFW-36 432533071081601 17 * 174 5.7 6.8 13 26 <.i 19 1.0 37 — <.01 — 9.0 RHW-47 431736070572301 18 J lf770 5.4 6.0 39 J 490 <.i J290 7.4 130 .. <.01 „ <1.0 SQW- 5 431621071074801 17 *990 6.1 6.3 39 X260 .1 8.1 130 - - -- 22 Clay DJW-103 431352070561501 20 144 5.5 6.6 8.0 8.3 <.i 5.9 1.6 27 - .04 .12 15 Mean 251 5.7 6.6 16.3 49.7 .07 29.3 2.9 53 .50 .03 .12 9.69 Maximum 1,770 7.8 7.9 43 490 .5 290 11 150 1.69 .29 .89 26 Minimum 26 4.8 5.7 1.7 1.5 <.l 1.9 .4 6 <.01 <.0l .02 <1.0 Constituent Aldrin Chlo- ODD DDE DOT Diel- Endo- End- PCB's PCN's Hepta- Hepta Methoxy- Mirex Per thane rodene drin sul- rin chlor chlor chlor fan Epoxide Detection Limit (pg/L) (PPB) .01 .1 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .1 .1 .01 .01 .01 .01 0
\ - Values exceed the national secondary drinking water regulations. - Statistical means for data including "less than" values were computed following Gilliom and Helsel, 1984. Table ^.--Chemical analyses for trace elements of water samples from selected wells [pg/L is micrograms per liter; a dash indicates no analysis]
Man- Well Site Bery- Cad- Chro- gan- Molyb- Anti- Sele- Stron- Ura- Num- identifica- Silver 1 Arsenic 1 Barium1 Ilium mium 1 Cobalt mium 1 Copper2 Iron 2 ese 2 denum Nickel Lead 1 mony nium 1 tium nium Zinc2 ber tion (jig/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (jug/L) mg/L) (ug/L) (]ug/L) (jug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (jig/L) (yg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
Bedrock BBW-16 431439071003101 <1 1 8 1 1 1 10 7 10 10 <1 3 1 <1 <1 200 15.9 4 DJW-91 431355070545301 <1 1 10 1 1 3 <10 13 20 40 <1 3 2 <1 <1 120 0.06 10 FA W- 8 432351071055101 <1 6 4 1 1 2 10 27 10 2 <1 3 1 <1 <1 30 15.0 130 NFW-26 432525071084801 <1 0 40 1 1 3 10 1 180 50 5 3 2 <1 <1 1,500 1.2 4 RHW-32 432010071001401 < 1 0 7 1 1 3 <10 1 7,100 230 <1 4 1 <1 <1 100 0.04 4 Sand and Gravel BBW-15 431500071051801 <1 1 20 1 1 2 <10 3 60 10 <1 3 1 <1 <1 40 0.03 5 BBW-22 431406070584901 1 1 100 <10 <1 1 10 <1 210 30 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 100 .01 10 DJW-94 431111070500501 <1 1 20 1 1 5 <10 1 10 250 <1 6 1 1 <1 120 .11 9 FA W-18 432138071020001 <1 1 20 1 2 3 <10 9 10 40 <1 4 1 <1 <1 30 .06 8 FA W-25 432222071024501 <1 2 10 <1 <1 <1 10 3 <3 52 <1 1 1 1 <1 31 — 6 NFW-22 432557071091401 <1 2 100 <10 <1 2 10 10 20 20 <1 1 2 <1 <1 160 .08 20 RHW-33 432010071001402 1 1 4 1 2 4 <10 11 250 10 <1 3 2 <1 <1 30 .20 490 RHW-43 431704071004301 2 43 100 10 <1 2 10 1 1,900 330 <1 2 5 <1 <1 130 .01 20 RLW-24 431351070503701 <1 2 59 <1 <1 <1 10 14 5 3 1 2 50 <1 <1 40 ... 200 SKW-44 431437070535901 <1 1 10 1 1 3 <10 14 10 1 <1 3 1 1 <1 80 .03 4 SQW- 7 431517071113801 <1 2 38 <1 <1 <1 10 1 <3 58 <1 1 1 <1 <1 190 ... <4 Till BBW-35 431212071061101 <1 2 18 <1 <1 <1 <10 1 1,100 80 1 1 1 <1 <1 96 ... 7 FAW-45 431923071041601 <1 1 21 <1 <1 <1 10 6 <3 11 2 13 2 1 <1 190 ... 25 MLW- 3 432723071052701 < 1 1 64 <1 <1 <1 10 4 <3 32 2 2 <1 <1 <1 130 — 12 MTW- 2 432558071025001 < 1 1 19 <1 <1 <1 10 2 20 14 <1 1 1 1 <1 34 ... 14 NFW-36 432533071081601 <1 2 3 <50 <10 <1 <1 10 2 <10 10 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 210 .39 <10 RHW-47 431736070572301 <1 1 71 <1 <1 <1 10 4 60 92 <1 15 2 1 <1 370 ... 130 SQW- 5 431621071074801 <1 1 50 1 2 3 10 2 10 130 <1 8 1 <1 <1 340 ... 6 Clay DJW-103 431352070561501 2 3 100 <10 <1 2 10 1 10 < 10 <1 2 1 <1 <1 180 .13 10 Mean4 (5 ) 3.2 39 (5) .8 2.1 (^) 5.,7 459 63 .6 3.7 3.5 (5) (5) 185 2.22 48 Maximum 2 43 100 (5) 2 5 (^) 27 7,100 330 5 15 50 (5) (5) 1,500 15.9 490 Minimum < 1 0 4 (5 ) < 1 ^Maximum concentration levels (in pg/L) listed in primary drinking-water regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976): arsenic (50); barium (1,000); cadmium (10); chromium (50); lead (50); selenium (10); and silver (50). 2-Maximum concentration levels (in pg/L) listed in secondary drinking-water regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979): copper (1,000); iron (300); manganese (50); and zinc (5,000). 3-This value was not used in calculations. 4-Statistical means for data including "less than" values were computed following Gilliom and Helsel, 1984. 5-Amounts found were not significant. Table 5.~Recommended-u.se classifications and water-quality standards for New Hampshire surface water Class A: Potentially acceptable for water supply uses after disinfection. No discharge of sewage, wastes, or other polluting substances into waters of this classification. (Quality uniformly excellent.) Class B: Acceptable for swimming and other recreation, fish habitat, and after adequate treatment, for use as water supplies. No disposal of sewage or wastes unless adequately treated. (High asthetic value.) Class C: Acceptable for recreational boating, fishing, and industrial water supply with or without treatment, depending on individual requirements. (Third highest quality.) Class A Class B Class C Not less than 75 percent of saturation, Not less than 75 percent of saturation, Not less than 5 ppm2 in warm water Dissolved oxygen nor less than 6 ppm2 in cold water nor less than 6 ppm 2 in cold water fisheries, nor less than 6 ppm2 in cold fisheries. fisheries unless naturally occurring. water fisheries unless naturally occurring. Not more than 50 coliforms per 100 ml Not more than 240 coliforms per 100 ml Not to exceed an average value of 1,000 coli unless naturally occurring. in fresh water, unless naturally occurring. forms per 100 ml in any group of samples, Not morethan 70 coliforms per 100 ml nor shall any single sample exceed 2,500 Coliform bacteria in waters used for growing or taking coliforms per 100 ml except when such of shellfish for human consumption. waters are subject to over flow from a to combined sewer system or as naturally en occurs. pH (acidity- As naturally occurs. 6.5-6.8 or as naturally occurs. 6.0-8.5 or as naturally occurs. alkalinity) Substances None unless naturally occurring. Not in toxic concentrations or Not in toxic concentration or potentially toxic combinations. combinations. Sludge deposits None. No unreasonable kinds or quantities, No unreasonable kinds or quantities, unless naturally occurring. unless naturally occurring. Oil and grease None. No unreasonable kinds or quantity. No unreasonable kinds or quantity. Color Not in unreasonable quantities, unless Not in unreasonable quantities, Not in unreasonable quantities, unless naturally occurring. unless naturally occurring. naturally occurring. Not to exceed 5 standard units unless, Not to exceed 10 standard turbidity units in Not to exceed 10 standard turbidity units in Turbidity naturally occurring. cold water fisheries. Not to exceed 25 standard cold water fisheries. Not to exceed 25 turbidity units in warm water fisheries unless standard turbidity units in naturally occurring. warm water fisheries unless naturally occurring. Table 5.—Recommended-use classifications and water-quality standards for New Hampshire surface water —Continued Class A Class B Class C Slicks, odors, None unless naturally occurring. No unreasonable kinds, quantities, No unreasonable kinds, quantities, or and surface- or duration unless naturally duration unless naturally occurring. floating solids occurring. No artificial rise. NHF&GD, NEIWPCC, or NTAC-DP NHF&GD, NEIWPCC, or NTAC-DI3 Temperature requirements-whichever provides requirements-whichever provides most most effective control. effective control. None, except as naturally occurs. None in such concentrations4 that None in such concentrations4 that would Phosphorus would impair any usages assigned to impair any usages to this class unless this class, unless naturally naturally occurring. occurring. Gross Beta Radio Not greater than 1,000 picocuries5 Not greater than 1,000 picocuries5 Not greater than 1,000 picocuries5 per activity per liter. per liter. liter. Strontium-90 Not greater than 10 picocuries5 Not greater than 10 picocuries5 per Not greater than 10 picocuries5 per per liter. liter. liter. to Radium-226 Not greater than 3 picocuries5 per Not greater than 3 picocuries5 per Not greater than 3 picocuries5 per liter. liter. liter. Phenol Not to exceed .001 ppm 2 Not to exceed .001 ppm 2 Not to exceed .002 ppm2 New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, 1979. The waters in each classification shall satisfy all provisions of all lower classifications. 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OO GO:O GO HHHHC OOOOO OOG-H ! 4>.cn 3 tLli.- cncn J-1 c c CdCd Cd Cd to to toto to OO COCO Table 6.-Records of selected wells and test wells-Continued Local well Altitude number USGS of Diameter Depth Type Water Yield (Loca site identif Owner or Year land Depth of to of bearing Water level Use (gal/ Remarks tions are ication number user completed surface (feet) well bedrock well material ueptn LI ate mm) shown on datum (inches) (feet) plate 1) (feet) Somersworth SKW-14 431431070515201 Somersworth, City of 1952 150 6 2.5 16 Dn Silty clay -- L, B SKW-44 431437070535901 Olson, Richard 1945 203 23.95 24 Dg Sand 20.21 08-20-81 D -- CA SKW-45 431434070535801 Link, John 1949 205 15.75 24 Dg Sand, gravel 13.6 08-20-81 D — SKW-4G 431445070545101 Graffert, Joseph 1931 170 12 -- Dg Sand - - D - SKW-47 431426070514601 Riciputi -- 135 5.9 42 Dg Silty clay 1.81 09-30-81 U ~ O Str afford SQW- 3 431631071080201 Brown, Roland 580 18.3 - Dg Till 13.16 08-18-81 U SQW- 4 431553071070201 Inglis, Harold - 570 8.4 ~ Dg Till 2.74 08-18-81 D ~ O SQW- 5 431621071074801 Labreque, Paul 1978 585 16.75 — - Dg Till 1.25 08-18-81 D -- CA SQW- 6 431600071060101 Jacobs, Erlon 1976 298 11.81 36 Dg Sand 9.34 08-19-81 D — SQW- 7 431517071113801 St. Laurent, Oliver — 518 6.4 36 Dg Sand 2.49 08-23-82 U - CA SQW- 8 431450071055001 Lambert, Maurice ~ 255 9 36 - D| Sand, gravel - - D - Table 7.-Drillers' logs of wells and test wells Thickness Depth Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) STRAKFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY— Continued Dover Dover— Continued DJW-6 431305070532501 DJW-118 431257070570402 Soil 5 0 - 5 Fine-coarse sand; trace gravel 4 0 - 4 Sand, fine 25 5 - 30 Fine-medium sand 38 4 - 42 Sand, fine to course 20 30 - 50 Clay; some silt; fine-medium Sand, coarse; gravel 35 50 - 85 sand, stratified 42 42 - 84 Sand and clay (till) 5 85 - 90 Sand, fine-medium; silt and clay, stratified, trace gravel 12.2 84 - 96.2 DJW-32 431234070560801 Refusal - at 96.2 Soil 1 0 - 1 Clay and sand, fine 33 1 - 34 DJW-119 431248070565301 Sand, fine; gravel and cla> lullj 3 34 - 37 Sand, fine-medium; silt, trace, Refusal - at 37 stratified 23 0 - 23 Silt, clay, some; sand, fine, DJW-42 43131507056-1301 trace layers 7 23 - 30 Clay and boulders 31 0 - 31 Sand, fine; silt, trace 9 30 - 39 Bedrock -- at 31 Clay; some silt; fine sand 11 39 - 50 Clay 34 50 - 84 DJW-44 431324070571301 Silty sand; clay, trace, layers 12 84 - 96 Sand and gravel 63 0 - 63 Sand, fine; some silt 5.2 96 - 101.2 Hardpan 1 63 - 64 Refusal - at 101.2 Bedrock - at 64 DJW-121 431240070565601 DJW-72 43132307057ZOOI Soil 1 0 1 Sand and gravel, gray; clay 16 0 - 16 Sand, fine-medium 2 1 - 3 Gravel, brown 17 16 - 33 Sand, fine; silt 2 3 - 5 Sand, gray; clay 27 33 - 60 Silty clay; trace fine sand 4 5 - 9 Hardpan 1 60 - 61 Sand, fine-medium 14 9 - 23 Bedrock - at 61 Sand, fine; silt 15 23 - 38 Sand, fine; silt & clay layers 31 38 - 69 DJW-80 431343070535301 Clay 24 69 - 93 Sand and gravel 90 0 - 90 Sand, fine; silt; clay, trace 23.5 93 - 116.5 Bedrock - at 90 Bottom of hole at 116.5 DJW-83 431321070570701 DJW-122 431237070570801 Fill 10 0 - 10 Soil 1 0 - 1 Sand and gravel 71 10 - 81 Sand, fine-medium; silt, trace 4.5 1 - 5.5 Hardpan 10 81 - 91 Clay; silt & sand, trace 3.5 5.5 - 9 Bedrock - at 91 Sand, fine; silt; clay, layers, trace 26 9 - 35 DJW-115 43124070571201 Sand, fine-medium; silt & clay Very fine-fine sand; some clay and trace 21 35 - 56 silt, trace trash and wood 45 0 - 45 Clay, silt & fine sand layers 5.5 56 - 61.5 Clay; silt; trace sand lenses 15 45 - 60 Fine-coarse sand; trace fine gravel 8 60 - 68 Refusal - at 68 37 Table 7.-Drillers' logs of wells and test wells-Continued Thickness Depth Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) STRAFFORD COUNTY—Continued STRAFFORD COUNTY—Continued Dover—Continued Dover—Continued DJW-123 431342070570201 DJW-131 431312070570601 Sand, fine; brown 7 0 7 Sand, brown; small gravel 20 0 - 20 Sand, fine-medium; clay 28 7 35 Sand, brown; 10 20 - 30 Sand, fine-coarse; clay, trace 21 35 - 56 Sand, brown, silty, fine 10 30 - 40 Sand, fine; clay, trace 20 56 - 76 Sand, brown, fine; small gravel; clay 15 40 - 55 Silt & clay 39 76 - 115 Sand, brown; clay 8 55 - 63 Refusal at 115 Sand, fine, brown; gravel, small clay 12 63 - 75 DJW-124 431338070570601 Clay, brown and gray 5 75 - 80 Sand; gravel; cobbles 15 0 15 Sand, silty, gray; clay 15 80 - 95 Sand, fine-coarse; clay, trace 35 15 - 50 Clay, gray 7 95 - 102 Sand, fine; gravel, fine-medium; 40 50 - 90 Refusal - at!02 Trace clay 37 90 - 127 Silty sand; clay 29 127 - 156 DJW-132 431320070565101 Refusal — at 156 Sand, fine, brown 20 0 - 20 Sand, brown; gravel 8 20 - 28 DJW-125 431333070571001 Sand, medium, brown; gravel, small. 12 28 - 40 Sand; gravel; clay 8 0 8 Sand, fine, brown; gravel, small; Sand; gravel, medium-coarse 49 8 57 clay 18 40 - 58 Sand, fine-coarse; gravel, fine 28 57 - 85 Sand, fine; clay 16 58 - 74 Sand, fine; clay, trace 28.5 85 - 113.5 Refusal at 74 Refusal at 113.5 Farmington DJW-127 431329070571401 FAW-1 432237071024501 Soil 3 0 3 Sand and gravel 55 0 55 Clay, blue 5 3 8 Sand, gray; gravel, coarse 18 8 - 26 FAW-2 432247071025601 Sand, brown, medium; gravel, fine 34 26 - 60 Sand, fine- 15 0 - 15 Bedrock at 15 DJW-128 431327070571401 Sand, fine-coarse, brown 59 59 FAW-4 432128071015001 Sand and gravel 26 0 26 DJW-130 431325070571501 Sand, medium, brown 50 0 50 FAW-5 432213071023601 Gravel, fine-coarse, brown 10 50 60 Sand and gravel, coarse; cobbles 40 0 - 40 Sand, medium, brown 5 60 65 Sand 25 40 - 65 Gravel, coarse; boulders, brown 5 65 70 Gravel, coarse 13 65 - 78 Sand, medium, brown 10 70 80 Bedrock at 78 Gravel, coarse 10 80 90 Sand, fine, brown 7 90 97 FAW-75 432323071030604 Refusal at 97 Sand, medium-coarse; gravel 42 0 42 38 Table 7 .-Drillers' logs of wells and test wells-Continued Thickness Depth Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) STRAFFOKD COUNTY— Continued STRAFFORD COUNTY— Continued Rochester Rochester-Continued KHW-6 4319020705922U3 RHW-23-Continued Sand, silt, clay, brown; gravel 5 0 - 5 Sand, fine-medium; gray; silt 13 13 - 26 Sand, fine-coarse, brown; silt, Sand, coarse, gray; gravel, micaceous; gravel, fine-medium 17.3 5 - 22.3 fine-medium 28.5 26 - 54.5 Sand, medium-coarse, brown; silt, Sand, coarse, gray; gravel; small micaceous; gravel, fine-medium; boulders 6 54.5 - 60.5 clay 10.7 22.3 - 33.0 Gravel, fine-coarse; sand, coarse, Sand £ gravel, fine-coarse, brown 5 33 - 38 gray; silt 30.0 60.5 - 90.5 Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine; clay 10 38 - 48 RHW-24 431901070591601 Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine- Sand, coarse, reddish brown; gravel, coarse 11 48 - 59 fine-coarse; clay 8 0 - 8 Sand & gravel 6 59 - 65 Sand, coarse, light brown; gravel, fine-coarse; silt, micaceous 17 8 - 25 RHW-9 431902070592001 Sand, medium-coarse, gray; gravel, Sand, coarse, reddish brown; clay; fine; silt, micaceous 5 25 - 30 gravel, fine-medium 5 0 - 5 Sand, fine-medium, gray 13 30 - 43 Gravel, medium; sand, coarse 14 5 - 19 Silt, micaceous; clay, blue 1 43 - 44 Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine- Sand, fine-medium, gray; silt, medium; bouldeis 7 19 - 26 micaceous 9 44 - 53 Gravel, fine-medium; sand, coarse, Sand, fine-coarse, gray; gravel, reddish brown 14 26 - 40 fine-medium; silt, micaceous 19 53 - 72 Boulders and gravel; sand, coarse, Gravel, fine-medium; sand, gray 17 72 - 89 brown 8 40 - 48 Sand, coarse, gray; gravel, Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine-coarse 5 89 - 94 fine-medium 12 48 - 60 Bedrock - at 94 Sand, fine to medium; gray; gravel, medium-coarse 16 60 - 76 RHW-25 431846070592601 Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine- Sand, fine-coarse, brown; gravel, medium. 10 76 - 86 tine-medium 21.8 0 - 21.8 Sand, fine-medium, quaru, gray; Sand, medium-coarse 9.7 21.8 - 31.5 gravel, fine to medium; sill 4 86 - 90 Sand, medium-coarse; clay, blue 8.5 31.5 - 40 Gravel, fine to medium; sand, Clay, blue 20.0 40 - 60 medium-coarse, gray 9 90 - 99 Bedrock - at 99 RHW-26 431642070580701 Sand, coarse; gravel, fine 9 0 - 9 RHW-23 431905070592301 Sand, fine; silt, clay, stratified. 29 9 - 38 Sand, medium-coarse, brown; Clay, soft 46 38 - 84 silt; gravel, medium 4 0 - 4 Sand 5 84 - 89 Sand, coarse, brown; gravel, fine- Clay, soft 14 89 - 103 medium 4 4 - 8 Sand 23 103 - 126 Sand, medium-coarse, gray; giavel; silt & clay 5 8 - 13 39 Table 7.-Drillers' lags of wells and test wells-Continued Thickness Depth Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) STRAFFORD COUNTY—Continued STRAFFORD COUNTY—Continued Rochester— Continued Rollinsford RHW-55 431418070580301 RLW-8 431357070503201 Sand 7 0 7 Silt & clay, gray to olive 14 0 - 14 Sand; gravel 59.5 7 66.5 Silt & clay, light gray-blue; gravel 9 14 - 23 Sand, fine-medium 25.5 66.5 92 Clay; silt; sand; gravel; angular 1 23 - 24 Sand, fine-coarse 11 92 - 103 Refusal — at 24 Granite 5.5 103 - 108.5 RLW-9 431348070502001 RHW-56 431434070585901 Loam, sandy, brown 1.5 0 - 1.5 Sand, fine 15.5 0 15.5 Sand, medium-coarse, micaceous, Silt; Sand, fine 6 15.5 - 21.5 brown 15.5 1.5 - 17 Sand, fine-medium 26.5 21.5 - 48 Sand, fine-medium, micaceous, brown 20 17 - 37 Sand; gravel 5 48 - 53 Sand, fine; silt, light gray Sand, fine-coarse 11 53 - 64 laminated 12 37 - 49 Granite 10.3 64 74.3 RHW-57 431442070580301 RLW-10 431352070502501 Sand, fine; small silt 3 0-3 Fill 2.5 0 - 2.5 Sand, fine-medium; gravel, Sand, fine-medium, micaceous, fine-medium; truce silt 20 3-23 brown 9.5 2.5 - 12 Refusal - at 23 Sand, fine; silt; sand, coarse 10 12 - 22 Silt & clay, gray 27 22 - 49 RHW-58 43144807057-1901 Sand, medium-coarse; gravel RLYV-11 431325070525401 cobbles £ boulders; trace silt 15 0-15 Sand, fine 40 0 - 40 Sand, very fine-fine; Clay, sandy 32 40 - 72 gravel, fine, trace 50 15 - 65 Refusal — at 72 RLYV-12 431325070525901 RHW-59 431443070585501 Sand 20 0 - 20 Sand, silty, very fine-fine; Clay 8 20 - 28 gravel, trace, fine; stratified (J5 0-65 Refusal — at 28 RHW-60 431453070574201 Somersworth Sand, fine-coarse 33.5 0 - 33.5 Silt & clay, stratified 3.5 33.5 - 37 SKW-12 431434070521501 Sand, very fine, white 10 0-10 RHW-61 435804070144401 Sand, very fine, white; sand, Sand, fine 25.5 0 - 25.5 very fine, white & clay, gray, Pegmatite 1 1.2 25.5 - 36.7 2" thick stratified layers 10 10 - 20 Sand, very fine, gray; clay; silt 10 20 - 30 Clay, hard, gray 3 30 - 33 Refusal - at 33 40 Table 7.-Drillers' logs of wells and test wells-Continued Thickness Depth (feet) (feet) STRAFFORD COUNTY—Continued Somersworlh--Continued SKW-13 431435070520501 Soil 1 0-1 Gravel, fine; sand, coarse 1.5 1 - 2.5 Clay; sand, fine 17.5 2.5 - 20 Clay, hard, blue-gray; silt 13 20 - 33 Sand, coarse, hard, black; flay; silt 7 33-40 Sand, coarse, hard, black 3 40-43 Bedrock - at 43 SKW-14 431431070515201 Soil 1 0-1 Clay, gray 9 1-10 Clay;sand 5 10-15 Gravel, black; sand, fine 1 15-16 Bedrock - at 16 41 Table ^.--Records of selected borings [L = logs in table 9] Altitude Depth of land below USGS surface land Water-bearing Boring site identifica Year Owner datum surface material Remarks tion numbei (feet; (feet) Barrington BBB- 1 431446071001701 1954 N.H. Dept. of Transportation 160 12.2 Till, sandy L, Refusal Dover DJA- 11 431354070565101 1976 City of Dover 120 85 Silty sand L, Bedrock 85 ft DJA- 12 431343070565701 1976 City of Dover 120 63 Silt; sand; clay L DJA- 13 431304070562801 County Farm, Dover 170 53 Gravel; clay L DJA- 33 431228070560901 1952 Corp of Engineers 130 91 Till 91 ft to Bedrock DJA-43 431319070565801 1952 Corp of Engineers 156 142.5 Sand; clay 142.5 ft to Bedrock DJB- 3 431142070522401 N.H. Dept. of Transportation 23 83.5 Till L DJB- 4 431400070544601 1955 ...... do...... 158.1 34.5 Sand; gravel L DJB- 5 431305070534101 1955 ...... do...... 167.6 89 Sand L DJB- 6 431245070533401 1955 ...... do...... 180.7 83 Gravel L DJB- 7 431233070534301 1955 ...... do...... 101.3 48 Sand, fine L DJB- 8 431224070535001 1955 ...... do...... 57.1 16 Sand, silty; gravel L DJB- 9 431159070535001 1955 ...... do...... 93.9 19 Gravel L DJB- 10 431126070533101 1955 ...... do...... 83.9 52.9 Till L Farmington FAA- 1 432330071030601 1981 Town of Farmington 270 21 Gravel; boulders FAA- 2 432336071042601 1981 ...... do...... 340 16 Gravel; boulders FAA- 3 432335071050401 1981 ...... do...... 330 13 Boulders FAA- 4 432245071031701 1980 ...... do...... 270 12 Boulders FAA- 8 432222071033401 1983 Davidson Rubber Division 370 22.5 Sand; silt; gravel Rochester RHA- 1 431457070571801 1984 U.S. Geological Survey 140 70.5 Clay, silty RHA- 2 431451070572801 1984 ...... do...... 120 33 Sand L, Refusal at 33 ft RHA- 3 431423070572201 1984 ...... do...... 120 54 Sand; clay L, Refusal at 54 ft RHA- 4 431350070571601 1984 ...... do...... 160 83 Sand L RHA- 5 431340070571701 1984 ...... do...... 150 82 Sand; gravel L RHA- 8 431450070572901 1984 ...... do...... 130 53 Sand; gravel L, Refusal at 53 ft RHA- 9 431954070595101 1984 ...... do...... 240 80 Sand L, RHA- 10 432011070593101 1984 ...... do...... 230 35 Sand L, Refusal at 35 ft RHA- 11 431950070592201 1984 ...... do...... 240 16 Sand L, Bedrock at 16 ft RHA- 12 431848070585101 1984 ...... do...... 230 19.5 Sand; gravel L, Bedrock at 19.5 ft Table 8.--Records of selected borings-Continued Altitude Depth of land below uses surface land Water-bearing Boring site identifica Year Owner datum surface material Remarks tion number (feet) (feet) Rochester-Continued RHA- 13 431436070581101 Turnkey Landfill 190 36 Sand; gravel L, Refusal at 36 ft RHA-15 431358070571401 1976 City of Dover 125 110.7 Sand, silty sand RHA- 16 431359070570901 1976 City of Dover 115 111.2 Silty sand RHA- 18 431438070580501 1983 Turnkey Landfill 200 48.7 Sand Bedrock at 40 ft RHB- 2 431902071021801 1970 N.H. Dept. of Transportation 376.1 14 Till, sandy L RHB- 3 431453070585701 1950 do...... 163.7 39 Sand; gravel L RHB- 4 431847070594801 1956 do...... 229.6 56 Gravel; sand L RHB- 5 431818070594401 1956 do...... 239.3 14.3 Gravel L RHB- 6 431746070593901 1956 do...... 231.0 27 Till L RHB- 7 431726070592101 1956 do...... 209.9 23 Gravel, sandy L RHB- 8 431658070584901 1956 do...... 203.9 29.3 Sand L RHB- 9 431655070584201 1956 do...... 178.8 90.5 Sand L RHB- 10 431607070572701 1956 do...... 208.9 22.5 Sand, silty; gravel L RHB-11 431948070583301 1956 do...... 222.9 33.2 Sand; gravel L RHB- 12 431947070583601 1956 do...... 239.4 12.5 Sand L RHB- 13 431518070562801 1955 do...... 206.3 15 Gravel, silty L RHB- 14 431915070593401 1956 do...... 223.6 80 Sand L Strafford SQB- 1 431606071060701 1951 N.H. Dept. of Transportation 225 21 Sand SQB- 2 431508071052801 1972 ...... do...... 297.4 10 Till Table 9.--Drillers' logs of selected borings [Thickness is given in feet; depth is given in feet below land surface] Boring Thickness Depth Boring Thickness Depth STRAFFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY Barrington Dover-Continued BBB-1 431446071001701 DJB-5 431305070534101 3 0 3 Soil ______i 0 l Hard pan (till), sandy, silty —— - —— - 9.2 3 12.2 ___ 0 1 10 at 12.2 11 10 41 48 41 89 Dover Pofllcol - - . ... __ ... at 89 DJA-11 431354070565101 6 0 6 DJB-6 431245070533401 \->*.&-J i gJ O.J 28 6 34 0 5 7 34 41 — . 9*i 5 30 Silt, gray; clay, brown & gray ——— - 14 41 55 Cilf 2 30 32 Sand, silty, gray; mica, gravel, 1 G 32 48 30 55 85 48 57 PAfnoal ______.„ ______at 85 Q A M .J 7 57 64 __ 1 Q 64 83 *>- DJA-12 431343070565701 Pofiicol . __...... at 83 13 0 13 22 13 35 DJB-7 431233070534301 11 35 46 i n 0 10 17 46 63 10 10 20 . _ 04 20 44 DJA-13 431304070562801 4 44 48 Plov- ___ - 26 0 26 at 48 13 26 39 Sand, fine; gravel, sharp; clay ——— 10 39 49 DJB-8 431224070535001 HnrHnan (Tilll __ __ .- . 4 49 53 0 3 C flnrl firia* cilt ..... 10 3 13 13 16 DJB-3 431142070522401 Rafiical ...... -..-.-.....—.- . at 16 11 0 11 fl*t*a f-i i+o Vklrtftc Kr fTknPVCki\o...... _ 17.5 11 28.5 DJB-9 431159070535001 Till fiilf v canHv.... « ...... 26.5 28. ,5 - 55 1 0 1 Til 1 s tone y — ______28.5 55 83.5 c;i+... ______.- - 6 1 7 Refusal « _ -« __ _ — ___ at 83.5 _ 1 >) 7 19 DJB-4 431400070544601 DJB-10 431126070533101 13 0 13 Clilf onff- /«lo\r ...... i & 0 18 Plav an ft ...... 11 13 24 Q4 Q 18 52.9 10.5 24 34.5 at 52.9 Refusal ____ - _ • ______at 34.5 Table 9.-Drillers' logs of selected borings-Continued Boring Thickness Depth Boring Thickness Depth STRAFFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY Farmington Rochester-Continued FAA-8 432222071033401 RHA-4 431350070571601 Sand, fine-coarse; gravel, Sand, fine-medium, orange brown— 5 fine-medium—————————————- 2.5 0.5 Sand, fine-very coarse, Sand, fine; silt; gravel, fine; predominantly medium-coarse; stratified-—-—————-——————- 6 3 9 gravel to 1.5"————————————- 40 45 Sand, fine-coarse; gravel, fine——— 12 9 21.0 Sand, very fine-very coarse Boulders —-———————————————- 1.5 21 22.5 predominantly medium-very Bedrock, cored 2.1' ————-——— 22.5 24.6 coarse, grayish brown split spoon 81-83———————— 38 45 83 Rochester RHA-5 431340070571701 RHA-1 431457070571801 Sand, fine-very coarse, Fill, clay, silty ———— 2 0 2 predominantly coarse, orange Clay, silty, brown -—-- 3 2 5 brown; gravel———————————— 15 0 15 Clay, silty, gray brown- 10 5 15 Sand, fine-medium, brown; small Clay, silty, brown gray- 5 15 20 gravel ————————————————— 5 15 20 (No reliable return) —— 48 20 68 Sand, fine-very coarse, orange- Till—————-——--—— 2.5 68 70.5 brown; small gravel to 2"————— 10 20 30 Sand, fine-very coarse, brown, RHA-2 431451070572801 predominantly medium & coarse- 10 30 40 Fill, sandy ——————————————— 0 (No reliable return)—————————— 6 40 46 Silt, clayey, gray ——————————— 8 15 Sand, fine-very coarse, brown- Sand————"——-«--——————— 15 21 orange; small gravel———————— 36 46 82 Sand, split spoon, very fine- medium, predominantly fine, RHA-8 431450070572901 brownish gray———————————— 21 23 Sand, fine-coarse; small gravel, o3.no ---•-—-»-*--«--««—«—-«——-••----•- 23 31 reddish brown _——-—---———- 5 0 5 Sand, split spoon, fine-very Gravel & sand——————————- 25 5 30 coarse, predominantly coarse- Sand, fine-coarse; small gravel- 18 30 48 very coarse; gravel, granules, Till (?) -—-______-—. 5 48 53 scattered pebbles, brownish gray- 31 33 Refusal——————————————- at 53 Refusal ______at 33 RHA-9 431954070595101 RHA-3 431423070572201 Sand, fine-coarse; gravel, reddish Fill, sandy ———————————————- brown ————————————————— 0 5 Silt, brown —————————————— Sand, medium-coarse, light brown- 5 10 Silt; sand, very fine-medium, Sand, fine-coarse, predominantly predominantly very fine-fine, medium, brownish gray————— 10 15 brown to grayish brown at 10 feet 13 5 18 Sand, coarse-very coarse, grayish Clay, silty, blueish gray——————— 10 18 28 brown ————————————————— 15 20 Clay, silty, gray, split spoon ———- 1.5 28 29.5 Sand, fine-coarse, predominantly Sand, very fine-fine, brownish gray 24.5 29.5 54 medium, brown ——————————— 10 20 30 T)ofiicalXWAUOCll _._„._..__._.._..______...... ———————————- •«»••• ••-Jj.muji.•• •_•_««__ at 54 Sand, fine-very coarse, predominantly medium-very coarse, brown ——— 30 35 no return on split spoon; probably gravel & sand with till near end- 45 35 80 Table 9.~Drillers' logs of selected borings-Continued Boring Thickness Depth Boring Thickness Depth STRAFFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY Rochester-Continued Rochester-Continued RHA-10 432011070593101 RHA-15 431358070571401 Sand, fine-coarse, predominantly 0 6 medium, orange-brown Plnv m _____ 1 R 6 21 21 66 Sand, fine-very coarse, 66 77 predominantly medium & coarse, —— — 14 91 ...... 14 91 105 Sand, fine-very coarse, 5 7 105 110.7 predominantly coarse, light brown 10 10 - 20 Refusal ——— —————— —— at 110.7 Sand, fine-very coarse; small granules & pebbles; (ss 30-32) RHA-16 431359070570901 sand, fine-very coarse, gravel 0 3 to l" ——————————————— 15 2Q . 35 Clav - _ - .— ... 4 3 7 Pofiical . __ __ . _____ 7 28 flnv Cf* 28 78 ___ g 78 84 RHA-ll 431950070592201 84 111 Sand, fine-very coarse, at 111 OJ predominantly medium & coarse, brownish-orange brown; 0 - 16 at 16 RHA-18 431438070580501 RHA-12 431848070585101 7 t 0 7.5 Sand, fine-very coarse, predom 7, .5 - 33.5 inantly medium & coarse, 6 C. 33. .5 - 40 orange brown; 6 7 40 46.7 0 - 5 Sand, fine-very coarse, predominant RHB-2 431902071021801 ly coarse, brownish-orange; gravel Fill—————————————. 0 1 +n o" . . ______4 1 Q 1 14 at 14 flaw oiltv _ . ------..... __ O ^ 19 - 19.5 Bedrock (phyllite) — — — — - —— - ...... at 19.5 RHB-3 431453070585701 .——— 17 0 17 17 20 RHA-13 431436070581101 Can/)* U/ArtH .. *. . ... 7 20 27 Sand, fine, small silt, trace . ____ 1 O 27 39 0 - 15 Gravel, coarse; cobbles; boulders, RHB-4 431847070594801 traoa cilt ...... --——-—— ------91 15 - 36 Gravel; fill— — — ——————-—.. _____ K 0 5 at 36 Sand, fine, organic, silty — ...... 4 5 9 Sand, sharp, medium, uniform — — - 21 9 30 Orn vel ———————————————————— . an fifi at Table 9.--Drillers' logs of selected borings-Continued Boring Thickness Depth Boring Thickness Depth STRAFFORD COUNTY STRAFFORD COUNTY Rochester Rochester-Continued RHB-5 431818070594401 RHB-11 431948070583301 „ _____ i 0 1 Soil ______- - i 0 1 ...... 2 1 3 1 7 n o 3 14.3 ______26 9 7 33.2 Refusal ———————— at 14.3 at 33.2 RHB-6 431746070593901 RHB-12 431947070583601 Soil— ————————— .—..———— 1 0 1 Soil— ———————— — —_-....——- i 0 1 ...... 10 1 11 1 7 Till 11 27 ______c. c. 7 12.5 at 27 PpfllCfl] ______at 12.5 RHB-7 431726070592101 RHB-13 431518070562801 Q 0 3 „..„„.„„. 1.5 0 1.5 5 3 8 Sand, fine-medium, sharp _____ c. n 1.5 - 6.5 8 23 6.5 - 15 at 23 at 15 RHB-8 431658070584901 RHB-14 431915070593401 Soil -——-——-——— ------...... 1 0 1 cn;i . _ _ . „„... „.„ _ ^ 0 1 1 9 1 9 Clay™----— ------90 ^ 9 29.3 ...... 10 9 19 Refus al ———————-—. at 29.3 Sand, coarse; gravel, fine -______1 3 19 32 ______1 Q 32 45 RHB-9 431655070584201 _____ 5 45 50 Soil————————————...... 1 0 1 ______0 1 50 71 ....„——.„— 10.5 1 11.5 71 80 Clay, soft— -———-— ... 11,.5 - 33.5 at 80 _____ CJ7 33,.5 - 90.5 Refusal————————— at 90.5 Strafford SQB-1 431606071060701 RHB-10 431607070572701 Gravel, medium-coarse —— ______— ^Q 0 3 cn;i. . ______...... ————.- 1 0 1 Sand, fine-medium, clean, c Vi ft irin«_« 1 f^ 3 21 .... 19 1 13 9 C. 13 22.5 SQB-2 431508071052801 Refusal ————————. at 22.5 ______5 0 5 Till, sandy; boulders ———______5 5 10 Rpfiicol —————————————————— at in-< •-« ooo 3 w o I^SI&g ft) o',1-* ' •* >-< t> O O_° JB'< g |cT o. 3- sTsB" 8lf?lye-, ^ = ^ ^^ ^ »-( "^" *"* CD JB (TC) "2, ooo CO cn cn 3 3 t) c o" o CD o jr a> CO "2. * I—1 (—• CD ** i i i i i i CDCD i CD CO i CD , CD , , CD i CD , CD , CDCD CD CD CD COCD CDCD . 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