Sabrina Times July 2013 Open University Geological Society Severnside Branch

SABRINA TIMES JULY 2013 OPEN UNIVERSITY GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEVERNSIDE BRANCH

Branch Organiser’s Report

Dear Members In this issue: We are now well into the summer and finally some warmer weather has arrived. Our Ffos-y-fran postscript 2 programme so far this season has been varied, culminating at the end of June with a chilly day on the Black mountain with Tony Ramsay. I drove there in the fog and Coln Gravel Quarry 3 battled my way past hundreds of valiant cyclists who were heading up hill. On my way home, the weatherman referred to ‘the warmest day of the year so far’ - clearly, Llanmadoc, Gower 5 he had not checked out Carmarthenshire!! But the geology was good.

Llansteffan and 6 During the rest of the season we have a joint trip with Oxford Branch in September th Amroth to Huntley Quarry in Gloucestershire. Our Introductory Day is scheduled for 17 November to Barry and will be led by Geraint Owen. The day of lectures is also Black Mountain 8 taking place in early December in Cardiff with several speakers already booked.

Events & National 10 On the National programme this year’s Symposium is being organised in Dublin. I News have booked my place and I am extending my visit to give me the opportunity both to explore Dublin a bit and also to travel to the West coast. I will be staying in Contacts and 12 Galway so can have a look at the Burren and also Connemara. The Symposium Editorial programme itself is very interesting with lectures on ‘All sorts of everything’. Why don’t you come along and make a long weekend of it? It is always both an Branch Committee 13 informative occasion and good fun.

We would like to encourage you to consider taking the Newsletter electronically in future so, if I have your email address, I will send you a copy of this by email. Taking it that way will save the Branch both time and money. You just need to let John de Caux know that you no longer want a paper version.

Within the committee, we have been discussing the future and how to encourage more members to assist us with running the Branch. We feel that it is time to get some fresh blood in! If you would like to help, please get in touch.

Best wishes

Janet

Belemnite and large Ammonite fossils from Calcium Carbonate deposits - See report Coln Gravel quarry - See report on Page 3 on Page 8

D13

Ffos-y-fran …….. a postscript

I couldn’t go on the Ffos-y-fran field trip, and have never been precisely there, but reading the accounts in the last Sabrina Times reminded me of a highly enjoyable period in my life: the period that brought me to study geology. As some of you know, I came to geology through dry stone walling. I had hoped that most of my work would be rebuilding big old “mountain walls” of Old Red Sandstone in the Brecon Beacons National Park, and had my share of these. But I also found myself building new walls of a sort that I dubbed “instant heritage”, contracted among others by the Merthyr Tydfil Borough Council.

Many local authorities in South Wales, faced with the post-industrial wastelands in their areas, decided in the ‘80s that they would try to improve them by making visual links with the pre-industrial rural past. There still are a remarkable number of field walls on farms above the valleys, built of various Coal Measures sandstones. Authorities like Merthyr and Blaenau Gwent embarked on a large programme of building new walls around their bailiwicks as part of large programmes of tidying up derelict or just visually depressing areas. These walls have been built almost exclusively of Pennant gritstone from quarries such as Gelligaer south of Merthyr and Gwrhyd at Rhiwfawr above the Swansea valley. (This was not too appropriate when the Pennant stone was used right out of its area, as on the approach roads to Cardiff airport.)

The best of these walls have given good new landscape features to dignify the surrounds of a bleak village (e.g. Fochrhiw, two miles east of Ffos-y-fran, Figure 1) or to mark the entrances to a new park on reclaimed former industrial land (e.g. Dowlais, a mile north-west of Ffos-y-fran, Figure 2). Of the worst of these walls, it’s better not to speak!

Philip Clark

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Cotswolds - Coln Gravel Quarry near Lechlade - 28th April 2013

Leader Neville Hollingsworth

Warmer… and colder… than now!

Sixteen branch members and friends met up at the entrance to Coln Gravel on a chilly but dry late April morning. Leader Neville Hollingsworth introduced us to the quarry manager who gave us a health and safety briefing before we walked half a mile or so down into the pit where he pointed out the ‘no go zones’ before Neville told us about the geology. (Figure 1) The solid geology here is Jurassic, the 165 Ma old Oxford Clay (Peterborough Fm). There are no Late Jurassic, nor Cretaceous, rocks; the Quaternary cover is two terraces of river gravels which sit unconformably on the clay. One zone of the Oxford Clay here is richly fossiliferous: perhaps the best in the country: septarian nodules are packed especially with ammonites (Cosmoceras Jason, Reineckia) and nautiloids (e.g. Paracenoceras) and belemnites; there are bivalves (Gryphaea) in a horizon with shelly beds. There were also crocodiles and dinosaurs (Ichthyosaur, plesiosaur) in the Jurassic seas and their bones have been found here.

Unconformably above the Jurassic rocks are sands and gravels which Figure 1: “This is your challenge, should you choose to make up the Thames valley river terraces. At this locality there are a accept it” – Neville points out the area we could lower and a higher terrace. The lower dates from a warm stage at 240 explore for fossils ka and hominids such as Neanderthal and Heidelbergensis would have been present. Checking the BGS iGeology map, this is shown as the Northmoor Sand and Gravel Member of the Thames Valley Formation; it is dominated by clasts of Middle Jurassic Limestone plus a small amount of Bunter quartz/ quartzite and some flint. Neville told us that the higher (which isn’t mapped on the iGeology scale) was deposited between 50 – 12 ka BC during a cold stage and there is evidence of a typical cold stage fauna of mammoths and woolly rhinoceros. I suspect that, like other gravels in the area, it could have been sourced from the ice cap close-by to the north.

Being a bit challenged in the hip region I had plenty of thinking time while others were searching through the mud and gravel to see what they could find: thinking scientific method: ‘pose a question that can be tested’ – “The river terrace gravels are derived from Late Jurassic, Cretaceous, and later rocks which originally overlaid the area but have been eroded”. “Detrital material from eroded rocks to the north was transported south by glaciers during cold periods and then reshaped into river terraces during warmer interglacials.” I couldn’t test this myself, but certainly the clast types listed by BGS seem to conform. Checking the BGS map, the deposits show arcuate outcrops in places, reminiscent of meanders. After the briefing in the pit itself Neville led the way first to some ‘reject piles’ – material that didn’t contain sufficient gravel for the quarries but plenty of Oxford Clay, with abundant nodules. (Figure 2) I wished I’d brought a sledge hammer! The nodules contained ammonites in Figure 2: The reject pile, with nodules from the Oxford Clay abundance (Figure 3), many still displaying the nacreous lustre of aragonite rather than calcite. However they are extremely friable and therefore hard to extract.

Figure 3 a, b and c: Ammonites from the Oxford Clay 3

Cotswolds - Coln Gravel Quarry near Lechlade - 28th April 2013 (contd.)

From here the group made its way down a gravel slope into the pit itself (Figure 4) where more ammonites, belemnites, and a mammoth tusk (Figure 5) were amongst the finds.

Figure 4: Fossil hunting in the gravel pit

Figure 5a: Neville’s mammoth tusk: the ivory was a beautifully pure white but the tusk was very fragile and would need consolidating as Figure 5b: the cross-section of the tusk shows quickly as possible to avoid it crumbling. a concentric growth structure.

We had to be out of the pit by 2pm, but enjoyed a fascinating morning and made some excellent finds. Our thanks go to Jan Ashton-Jones for the organisation, to Neville Hollingsworth for arranging the visit, and to Hanson Aggregates for allowing us onto the site.

Linda Fowler

Panorama of the part of the quarry where we spent the day 4

Llanmadoc, Gower - 11th May 2013 Leader - Steven Howe

Our small group gathered in Llanmadoc car park on a cool, cloudy and windy day in hope of some spring sunshine. We were set on a circular tour to explore the North Gower exposures of the Old Red Sandstone (ORS) and Carboniferous Limestone (now known as the Pembrokeshire Limestone Group) that are exposed in an anticline forming Llanmadoc Hill and the northwest Gower coast Tors between Burry Holm and Whiteford Point. As we walked through the small collection of houses around the church Steven pointed out the difference between the source of the stone in the vernacular farmhouse and the mid 19th century restored church, the latter having stone from Bath as shown in Figure 1. The old track that led up to Llanmadoc Hill showed evidence of the underlying geology in the plants along the hedgerow where foxgloves thrive on ORS. The track also dried out once we crossed the lower limestone shales onto the porous ORS, there is a line of springs associated with this junction. Steven led us to an outcrop of ORS conglomerate on the hillside overlooking Burry Pill (Figure 2). The conglomerate is the product of deposition in alluvial fans of material from central Wales in a desert climate. The faulting indicated by the shattered and fracture pebbles showed below us in the course of the Burry Pill which cuts a shallow defile through the Carboniferous Limestone. As we climbed the hill we went back in Figure 1 geological time as the rocks have been folded to form an anticline. On top of the hill and at the core of the Figure 2 strata Steven showed us a small outcrop of a level bed of Brownstone - there is ongoing investigation by John Davies into this classification. The rock showed some trace fossils indicating bioturbation. We were glad to drop down of the hill and out of the wind to Broughton Bay. After a lunch break and our only shower of the day we crossed the dunes to the sandy beach where we walked across a peaty surface that was laid down at the fringe of an ice sheet. Embedded in the peat were large fragments of tree trunk, remnants of a forest. As the sun broke through we crossed to Prissen’s Tor, a headland comprised of the Pembroke Limestone Group succession. The dolomitised Blackrock Limestone showed variable weathering, cross bedding and calcite veins. The more resistant and so more prominent, dark grey Gully Oolite contained styolites, the result of pressure solution (Figure 3). Next the High Tors Limestone, a laminated mudstone, had bedding surfaces with mudcracks indicating sub aerial exposure and drying. Steven pointed out the Caswell Bay Mudstone Formation which is absent on the BGS at this point as it may have been obscured by Figure 3 sand and head deposits when last surveyed. The large areas of glacially derived sand which have been worked out of the estuary through storm action form a moving feature around much of the South Wales coast. Here at Hill’s Tor the removal of the lower dunes has caused slippage and the Hunts Bay Oolite is revealed (Figure 4). As we walked between Hills Tor and Cwm Ivy Tor Steven pointed out that what is now dune covered was an open bay in 1978. Cwm Ivy Tor is comprised of steep, northward dipping Oxwich Head Limestone (Figure 5) and we found cowslips growing on its lower slopes as we walked back up to the car park at the end of an interesting if bracing day.

Averil Leaver

Figure 4 Figure 5 5

Llansteffan & Amroth, Carmarthenshire - 12th May 2013 Leader - Geraint Owen ‘Coal fit for a Queen’ PART 1 What should you know about Old Red Sandstone? According to Geraint Owen of Swansea University’s Geography Department, “It isn’t always red, and it’s not always sandstone either!” This cheered us up as we donned our wet-gear in the car park of the lovely coastal resort of Llansteffan, which is located near the mouth of the estuary of the Tywi river, with the town of Carmarthen at its head. Geraint, who is I think well-known to this Group (I’m a newcomer, this is my first report; excuse mistakes!) explained that we were to view ~400 Ma rocks from the Devonian/Silurian period. Sure enough, just 200 m down the beach our first stop showed evidence of ‘calcrete paleosols’. This could be seen in the lower levels as a red siltstone with whitish nodules. This came from ancient soils (paleosols) washed down-river when this area was in a semi-arid climate in the tropics. As the soil settled, the calcrete dissolved and re-formed in nodules. (Fig.1)

I’ll skate over the rest of the details at this location, and get on to the interesting bits. For serious students, SWGA do a much more detailed leaflet about these cliffs and formations.. Rightly, the leaflet gives several warnings about the hazards, too. This is a tidal estuary, and you can get cut off or even swept away. Many of these rocks are well Fig. 1 It’s called Old Red Sandstone, it IS red, but worn by the same tidal forces; they can be slippery Fig. 2 Circular shapes (pen for scale) indicating at our feet is alluvial siltstone with calcrete the ‘Beaconites’ burrows of unknown Devonian nodules when wet – as you can see freshwater beasties. from the shiny surfaces in some of the figures. Fortunately, despite the continuous rain, no-one slipped or fell over – or even lost a boot!! A bit further along was similar red siltstone (with sandstone), but with some signs of animal life – burrowing holes made by unknown worms or arthropods (Fig. 2)

Our next stop proved to be really exciting if you are currently studying S276 (like me). Right now we should be doing Book 3, Chapter 11 Alluvial Environments, with all that stuff about meanders, ox-bows, and braided river systems. And here it was! Just like the example on p227, and a much clearer picture than the one on p228 I think you’ll agree, fellow S276 students? (Figs. 3 and 4)

Fig. 4 Reading direction of flow from the shape of Fig. 3 Geraint points out the result of a loop in a the ripples. Sideways on view of the silt formed by

meandering river (about 1m deep) progressing the meandering rivers. (Can you tell from the across an ancient floodplain. Lots of ripples and shape of the ripples which way it flows?) thin lines of sediment in this freshwater environment!

By now the tide had dropped considerably, so we made our way back across the beach (or strand as Irish people like me would say, but it’s trá/traeth in Irish/Welsh) to the car park, and huddled in the shelter or café for lunch.

Llansteffan & Amroth, Carmarthenshire - 12th May 2013 (contd.)

PART 2: On to Amroth.

Nothing daunted, most of the group persisted (as did the rain) and drove on to Amroth. Twenty km. as the crow flies, but a fascinating drive through a maze of country lanes. But, boy! Was it worth it! Amroth beach shows the results of the Variscan Orogeny (VA) (250 Ma ago) when a plate banged into South Wales along a line through the Vale, mid-Gower and here in South Pembrokeshire. We all know about the South Wales Coalfield (which extends even into Pembrokeshire, as here.) The VA can be seen here pushing up the whole sequence, revealing and bending rocks beneath the coal measures. First we saw a dramatic rumpling of the strata. (Fig. 5)

Fig. 5 U-shaped strata as a result of impact from the South, to the left in the picture. (Sorry about blobs of rain on lens!)

I’m a bit hazy on the detail of the rocks here, but I recall something about ‘gannister’, a quartz sandstone base, typical of a freshwater delta with braided rivers, similar to where the Mississippi meets the sea. Plenty of evidence of fossils here, mostly of bi-valves. But the next bit was the real ‘money-shot’. A bit further along was an unmissable example of a folded compression fault (Fig. 6)

Still can’t see the fold? Here it is closer-up (Fig. 7)

Fig. 6 Up from the left, down and around, then snap! Bang! Tens of metres of overlap, and the strata continue up above. (Note the black shaley deposits at the base of the cliffs. More about these in a minute)

Fig. 7 The middle of the fault in detail.

A bit further along the cliffs was evidence of earlier mine-working. Two narrow seams of ironstone are clearly visible, separated by a couple of metres. This was valuable stuff, worth the miners’ efforts to clear huge amounts of debris to get at it. And then there was the coal. The shale at the foot of the cliff may all look black, but at the top comes a mudstone with only about 15% carbon-based plant material. Above it lies the good stuff – the 90%-plus carbon-rich coal. In fact the coal from here was of such high quality that Queen Victoria insisted that nothing else be burned in her palace fireplaces! Fig. 8 Between the upper and lower shaley beds Along with these commercially valuable strata lay a very attractive metre- is a ~1.5 m thick layer of ‘load-casted or-so thick layer of sandstone. Along its length were regular round bosses, sandstone’ (Thanks to Geraint for this photo) Look to the left of the person on the left – there’s a formed, we were told, by loose sand slumping and forming up into these circular ‘roundel’ about 30 cm across sticking out, regular roundels. and then there’s another, ...... four, neatly spaced out.

It was a delight to find so many features leaping off the pages of our OU textbooks. But of course these things need a good interpreter, which we certainly had with Geraint Owen. Many thanks . And thanks also to Jan for organising this day out. Highly recommended. Conall Boyle 7

Black Mountain - 30th June 2013

Leader: Tony Ramsay

We met on an overcast, slightly chilly day on the north slope of the Black Mountain above Brynamman. As we gathered hundreds of cyclists wizzed past us , at this point on their way down hill as they raced around a long challenging course over the Mountain. They were followed by sports cars roaring past (in the opposite direction), both groups clearly unfazed by the weather and treating the steep twisty mountain road as a challenge. As there was no view to enjoy, despite the traffic, we started by exploring the area close to the car park where there are several sink holes. In the banks of one, (Fig. 1) there were clear laminations which have been interpreted as varves possibly caused by the drainage channel from the sinkhole being blocked by ice during the last ice age. This allowed sediment to accumulate as the sink hole remained full of water.

After lunch, travelling east from the car park, we walked towards deserted limestone quarries which were last worked in the 1950’s. Fig. 1 Tony Ramsay in a Sink Hole

Originally worked to produce lime for agriculture, a tax free enterprise, the owners ran foul of the Revenue when they traded the lime to industry, a transaction that was taxable but, in this case, undeclared. The profile of the north side of the hill is considerably altered by the immense number of spoil heaps produce from the workings. (Fig. 2)

Fig. 2 Severnside at the disused Limestone quarries

An interesting product of these spoil heaps are the calcium carbonate rich deposits from the drainage waters. (Fig. 3) As this water emerges from the spoil heaps, it has an extremely high Ph, in excess of 13. This reduces as it runs down hill, the Ph rising periodically as fresh streams join the main flow. Along its route the CaCO3 precipitates out producing beautiful formations of small pools and globular concretions throughout the water course. (Fig. 4) Where the water lies in puddles in any quantity, the concretions become cemented together by the surrounding the CaCO3 rich fluid forming what is called a biscuit This looks a bit like the crust that would form if you cook a casserole and cover the top in dumplings. The tops are firm but the lower parts that sit in the water have a different colour and are slightly fluffy around the edges. (Fig. 5)

Fig. 3 Run off from Limestone quarry

Fig. 4 Calcium Carbonate deposits

Fig. 5 Calcium Carbonate precipitation and concretions forming.

Black Mountain - 30th June 2013 (contd.)

Passing the quarries, in one Limestone bed we could see large

Lithostrotion corals. (Fig. 6) Overall, the Limestone in this area is low in fossils apart from this one horizon. Throughout the South Wales Coalfield, there was much faulting caused mainly during the Variscan Orogeny. This made it a very difficult region to mine on a large scale as the industry modernised and became highly mechanised. Today, however, it allowed Tony to point out different formations where older rocks came into contact with the overlying Limestones. (Fig. 7)

Fig. 6 Fossilized Coral Lithostrotion

Despite being rather chilly and certainly overcast, the day was a good demonstration of man’s impact on the landscape and the way the chemistry of the rocks and the water reacts to the geology, even when that has been disrupted by human hand.

Fig. 7 Boundary between ORS and Limestone - Just above the tree in middle of photo.

Report - Janet Hiscott

Photos - John de Caux

Severnside Branch Events

DATE EVENT LEADER DETAILS

2013

Huntley Quarry Joint trip with Oxford Branch September Gloucestershire 12 days based on the volcanic island of Fuerteventura: Exposed Basal Complex and Jurassic ocean crust as well as later volcanism. Includes a 2 day excursion to Lanzarote to see more recent October 19th to Fuerteventura and Linda Fowler volcanism on a volcanically active island. 30th Lanzarote Geology plus local culture, self catering bungalow complex close to beaches and restaurants and using self drive cars. Cost in the region of £350 + air fares WAITING LIST ONLY

We will meet at the big car park on Barry Island at 10.30 am. The grid reference is ST 111 666.Bring picnic lunch. We will be walking over coastal rock platforms. Safety helmets are not essential, but bring one if you have one. We will examine fossiliferous Carboniferous Limestone and its relationship to Triassic red beds. We will see a variety of rock Introductory Day types and fossils, and examine the evidence for field relations November 17th Dr. Geraint Owen Barry & Sully including folds, faults and unconformities. We will see a variety of depositional sedimentary structures and use them and the fossils to interpret the environments in which sedimentary rocks accumulated. It is hoped to end by searching for dinosaur footprints and trackways. We will use hand lenses and compass-clinometers to observe and record field data.

Museum of Wales,Cardiff December 7th Day of Lectures 3 speakers - two lectures in the morning and one in the afternoon See advert on page 11

2014 Oriel Suite, Museum of Wales. Cardiff January 18th AGM

A weekend in the laboratories at Aberystwyth University. Charlie Bendall & Bill February Aberystwyth Staying at the Park Hotel, Aberystwyth Perkins More details later April Tenerife Linda Fowler

More details later May Brittany Joe Jennings

National News and Events

The Symposium will be held in Dublin 9 - 11th August 2013

A full list of all forthcoming Society events can be found on the OUGS website http://ougs.org/index.php Look at the useful websites on the Main home page of the national site. There are some very interesting links there.

Event Notes Note: EVENT DETAILS CAN CHANGE Any last-minute changes of times or arrangements are on the OUGS website.... www.ougs.org Or...... Contact Jan Ashton-Jones Tel: 01432 870827 Email: [email protected] If you are not receiving email reminders from Janet regarding forthcoming events or if you get a new email address please let her know so that she can keep in touch.

Transport If you are able to offer a lift to any event or if you have local knowledge regarding bus or train services etc. that might help those without their own transport to attend an event please let Janet know. Updates Why not try the following link to a service for keeping an eye on changes in the events list. http://www.changedetection.com

THERE IS A NOMINAL FEE OF £2 ON DAY TRIPS (UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED) TO COVER LEADERS EXPENSES. ALWAYS WEAR APPROPRIATE GEAR...WARM CLOTHING AND HIKING BOOTS. BEAR IN MIND THAT MANY SITES, ESPECIALLY QUARRIES, REQUIRE THE WEARING OF HARD HATS. ACTIVE QUARRIES REQUIRE HARD HATS AND YELLOW JACKETS.

IMPORTANT Each person attending a field meeting does so on the understanding that he/she attends at his/her own risk. The OUGS has Public Liability Insurance cover for field and indoor meetings but Personal Accident and Personal Liability cover remain the responsibility and personal choice of the participant. There may be an element of appropriate cover included in house or travel insurance. Although OUGS activities are not particularly dangerous members are advised to check whether exclusions apply to activities in which they propose to participate in case they wish to arrange further cover. An annual travel insurance may be the best solution for any member who regularly attends field events. This is again a matter of personal choice. All members participating in overseas events will be required to have travel insurance for the duration of the event. Participants should be covered for Medical, Repatriation and Personal Liability expenses. The Personal Accident element remains the personal choice of the member. Disclaimer None of the information in any of the advertisements for field trips or other events in this newsletter constitutes a brochure under the Package and Travel Regulations (1992)

Severnside Branch Day of Lectures 2013 Saturday 7th December 2013 Venue: Museum of Wales, Cardiff Time: Museum opens at 10 am. Coffee and tea will be available at start.

Talks given by: Tom Cotterell - National Museum of Wales Title: The Countess of Powis collection (an early 19th century mineral collection rediscovered at the National Museum of Wales – originally held at Powis Castle).

David Boon - British Geological Survey Title: ‘Landslide landscapes of the UK’

Ian Parkinson - Bristol University / ex OU Title: He will talk about melt generation in intraplate settings, which will have a balance between geochemistry and fieldwork.

Lunch at the Pen & Wig 3.30ish finish Contact: Jan Ashton-Jones 01432 870827 email [email protected]

OUGS Neighbours

It’s worthwhile taking a look at what other branches are doing. Many of their events could be convenient to attend.

OUGS Oxford Branch Organiser: Sally Munnings 01635 821290 [email protected]

OUGS Southwest Branch Organiser: Chris Popham 07971 930431 [email protected]

OUGS Wessex Branch Organiser: Sheila Alderman 01935 825379 (eve) [email protected]

OUGS West Midlands Branch Organiser: Sandra Morgan [email protected]

Other Organisations

Many of our members belong to other Earth Science related organizations which also do interesting events.

Welsh Stone Forum http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/364/.

Geologists Association Secretary: Sarah Stafford 020 7287 0280 [email protected] Affiliated Regions: South Wales www.swga.org.uk West of England www.wega.org.uk Bath Geology Society www.bathgeolsoc.org.uk

Avon RIGS Group The Avon RIGS Group are re-launching their newsletter, Outcrop, as an on-line blog. The relevant websites are: www.avonrigs.org.uk http://avonrigsoutcrop.blogspot.com

The Russell Society www.russellsoc.org.uk

OUGS Sales

Is your fieldwork kit lacking a few items? If it is check out OUGS sales! They can supply all you require...... Hand lenses, Lanyards, Notebooks, Reference Cards and much more! Click on ‘sales’ on the OUGS website www.ougs.org

Library

The Branch Book and Map Library list is online The library is in the care of Branch Organiser Janet Hiscott Request a catalogue from...... [email protected]

Editorial To receive the much better colour version of this and future issues of this newsletter by email (in .pdf format) just send a request to [email protected] A file (in .pdf format) containing extracts from Sabrina Times of the Field Trip reports covering the Severnside area over the previous two years can be downloaded from the Severnside / Branch Trip Resumes section of the OUGS website. Contributions for the newsletter will be very welcome from members, as will any suggestions for improvement. We are able to read or scan most data formats or documents. For photos please send the images as separate files, preferably in jpeg (.jpg) or bitmap (.bmp) format.

OUGS Severnside Branch Committee

Janet Hiscott - Branch Organiser 01633 781557 (evenings) [email protected] Averil Leaver - Treasurer 01446 418592 [email protected] Jan Ashton-Jones - Events 01432 870827 [email protected] Jan Boddy 01793 762575 [email protected] Kath Addison-Scott 01179 538085 [email protected] Anthony Bukowski 02920 300080 [email protected] Philip Clark 01885 483697 [email protected] Elizabeth Edmundson 01792 863119 [email protected] Linda Fowler 01432 860465 [email protected] John de Caux - Newsletter 01633 875955 [email protected]