Society for California Archaeology Newsletter Founded 1966 Volume 33, Number 4 December 1999 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Inside
♦ Reaching Out to the Community: 1, 21. ♦ President’s Message: 3. ♦ Committee Reports: 4-12. ♦ Executive Board Minutes: 12-13. ♦ Annual Meeting Update: 14-15. ♦ Reports and Announcements: 15-16. ♦ New Publications: 16-17. Reaching out to the Community: ♦ Public Interpretation of the Eastern Sierra Regional Report: 18-21. Woolen Mills Chinatown, San Jose ♦ Information Center Series III: 25-26.
♦ Calendar of Events: 30-31. Anmarie Medin, Mark Hylkema, and Rebecca Allen
our years ago, Caltrans decided to expand the Guadalupe Corridor Route 87 in San Jose to accommodate airport traffic. Caltrans hired a team of consultants to help them meet the requirements of the Section 106 and the National Historic Preserva- tion Act. The first step for the team was the preparation of an Historic Properties Treatment Plan that included data recovery plans for the Woolen Mills Chinatown (CA-SCL-807H). One of the things the Treatment Plan stressed was the need for Substrate planning and implementing public interpretation. This is certainly a popular topic these days, and the incorporation of public involvement in the latest Section 106 revisions illustrates its importance to the field. The following is a discussion of what Newsletter 22(1):8-9 (January 1988): we like to think of as interpretive gold mines and land mines.
Editorial In 1887, San Joses Plaza Chinatown was burned to the ground by an act of arson. Local newspapers heralded the end of the Chinese presence in San Jose. But the “California’s preservation movement is in determined local Chinese community instead built two replacement communities. trouble at the State Office of Historic Heinlenville, located near todays Japantown in San Jose, was built that same year, Preservation...funding for the archaeological and provided a home for many Chinese families. It was occupied until the 1930s. information centers, set at $25,000 last year The Woolen Mills Chinatown was also constructed in 1887. This community (about $2,500 each) is down to virtually housed mostly single male laborers employed in the nearby textile factory, Garden nothing this fiscal year ($2,500 statewide)...” City Cannery, and other industries and farms in the area. After a slow decline,
- Jim Woodward ○○○○○ primarily due to the loss of local leadership, the Woolen Mills Chinatown burned in 1902 and was never rebuilt.
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Society for California Archaeology Newsletter
Volume 33, Number 4, December 1999
Regular Features
From the President A quarterly newsletter of articles and information Thomas M. Origer ...... 3 essential to California archaeology. Contributions are welcome. Lead articles should be 1,500-2,000 words. Longer articles may appear in installments. Send SCA Business and Activities submissions as hard copy or on diskette to: SCA Site Steward Workshops ...... 5 Newsletter, Department of Anthropology, CSU Chico, Chico CA 95929-0400 or as e-mail or attachments to: Native American Programs...... 5 Avocational Society News ...... 8
Editorial Staff Managing Editor ...... Greg White (530) 898-4360 Reports and Announcements Editorial Assistance ...... Rose White (530) 898-5554 Announcements ...... 15 Advertising ...... Susan Baumeister (530) 898-5554 Meetings ...... 16
Contributing Editors New Publications ...... 16 Avocational Society News Larry Weigel (916) 653-1655 Cooperation Column . . Jeanne Arnold (310) 206-5801 Articles Federal Agency News Russ Kaldenberg (916) 978-4635 Historical Archaeology . R. Scott Baxter (209) 267-1532
New Publications . . . . Newsletter Staff (530) 898-5554 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Reaching Out to the Community: State Agency News . . Thad Van Buren (916) 653-1427 Public Interpretation of the Woolen Mills Chinatown, San Jose Newsletter Deadlines Anmarie Medin, Mark Hylkema, For Issue ...... Deadline Rebecca Allen ...... 1 March ...... February 20 June ...... May 20 September ...... August 20 Eastern Sierra Regional Report December ...... November 20 Don Laylander...... 18
Calendar Submissions Donna Day, Tahoe National Forest, P.O. Box 6003, Information Centers III: Consulting Historian’s Perspective Nevada City, CA 95959-6003, or
Ads that run three or more consecutive issues receive a Advertisements 15% discount...... 27 MILLENNIUM Calendar of Events Donna Day ...... 30 3 From the President
he past couple months have Another change in the offing meeting were future Annual Meeting been busy. The Executive concerns the length of term of office sites, annual awards, and the Archaeol- TBoard all meeting took for the Vice-Presidents and the ogy Week poster competition. The place in San Diego on October 22. Secretary. Currently, those are one- Boards next meeting, to be held in Also, both the Southern and Northern year positions. However, the Board is January 2000, will have a full agenda. Data Sharing Meetings were held seeking to extend these to two-year If you have ideas about Annual October 23 and November 6, respec- positions. This would allow those who Meeting sites, award recipient nomina- tively. Attendance was good and hold those positions to use their tions, or other thoughts about SCA speakers did a great job. In addition to gained experience rather then learn business, please let the Board know. providing a forum for discussing and then leave after only one year. Later! current research, legislation, and other The Business Office Manager is topics, the Data Sharing Meetings sending ballots to SCA members for -Tom Origer provide an opportunity for members to their vote. Please take the time to plan on a personal level activities think this issue over and cast your associated with the upcoming Annual ballot in a timely manner. Meeting. Scattered throughout the Newsletter you will find references to Various committees are working the Annual Meeting to be held in hard to keep the SCA in the forefront of such issues as historic resources Riverside. Be sure to make a note on SCA Executive Board 1999-2000 your calendar the meeting dates are preservation, education, and so on. I April 19 22, 2000. One final com- recently received a copy of the manual President: Thomas M. Origer, Sonoma State University ment regarding the Data Sharing developed for the California Archaeo- PO Box 884 Cotati, CA 94931; H (707) 792-2797 Fax: Meetings. It was noted that some logical Site Stewardship Program (707) 792-2798; e-mail: [email protected] speakers were not listed in the 1998- (CASSP). The manual is well thought out and incorporates a number of good Immediate Past President: Michael Sampson, California 1999 SCA Membership Directory. One State Parks 8885 Rio San Diego Drive, Suite 270 San of the perks of SCA membership is the ideas designed to protect our states Diego, CA 92108; W (619) 220-5323 H (619) 283-5960 privilege of participating. Members cultural heritage. This document Fax: (619) 220-5400 e-mail: [email protected] make the SCA the success that it is. compliments achievements by other Join if you havent. SCA committees. or example, the President-Elect: Ken Wilson, Six Rivers National Forest Native American Programs Commit- 1330 Bayshore Way, Eureka, CA 95501; W: (707) 441- By now you have received a notice tee (NAPC) for the past couple years 3529; H: (707) 442-9152; Fax: (707) 442-9242. e-mail: kwilson/[email protected] that annual membership dues are due. has produced a nice document that is The Executive Board traditionally useful in assisting Native American Southern Vice-President: Richard L. Carrico, 9903 developed yearly projected budgets communities in the management of Businesspark Avenue, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92131; based on anticipated income from cultural resources. Be sure to contact W (619) 578-8964; H (760) 789-3114; membership dues, the Annual Meet- Beth Padon for information about the Fax: (619) 578-0573; e-mail: [email protected] ing, and other sources. This has lead in CASSP or Janet Eidsness concerning some instances to money being NAPC activities. Northern Vice-President: Mark Basgall, Sacramento State University, 2440 Portola Way, Sacramento, CA allocated at the beginning of the year 95818-3528; H (530) 661-5330; e-mail: for worthy causes, and then money not The agenda for the October Board [email protected] materializing. This causes problems. meeting included a number of topics, Planning for events becomes dicey one of which is the upcoming Annual Secretary: Rebecca Apple, KEA Environmental when anticipated money is not Meeting in Riverside. The Local 1420 Kettner Blvd., Ste. 620, San Deigo, CA 92101 guaranteed to arrive on time or at all. Arrangements Chair, Joan Schneider, W (619) 233-1454 Fax: (619) 233-0952; To overcome this problem, the Board and Program Chair, Matt Des Lauriers e-mail: [email protected] both report that planning is going very is in the process of developing budgets Treasurer: Kathy Dowdall, CA Department of with money that is already in hand. We well. More information about this Transportation; 2512 Magowan Dr., Santa Rosa, CA are at a good point in the history of the major event can be found in this issue 95405; H (707) 523 -3370 e-mail: [email protected] SCA to do that now, in part because the of the Newsletter. Think about the 1999 Annual Meeting was a financial Silent Auction. Submit items for sale SCA Business Office: C. Kristina Roper, Department of success. The shift to collecting dues in and start saving money so that you can Anthropology, CSU Fresno 5245 N. Backer Ave., MS PB16, Fresno, CA 93740-8001; tel (559) 561-6011 or the all will further aid in developing buy many of the great items/services that will be for sale. (559) 278-2380 Fax: (559) 561-6041 or (559) 278-5004 fiscal stability leading to less risky e-mail: [email protected] / event planning. Please accept this [email protected] change as a positive action. Among numerous other agenda items discussed at the October Board 4 SCA Business and Activities
them. Mary Gordens article, below, Also in October, Ridgecrest site Committee Reports describes the Bakersfield meeting in stewards gathered at a barbecue hosted detail. by Judyth Reed, CASSP coordinating archaeologist. The Ridgecrest site On October 30, the Imperial Valley stewardship program began in May, Volunteer Site College Desert Museum and the El and has been very active. Already, as Stewardship Centro ield Office of the BLM result of the program, the BLM has sponsored a CASSP workshop for 12 installed new signs at some of the Workshops volunteers. This workshop initiates a National Register properties moni- new program of site stewardship in tored by the site stewards. Judyth Beth and Chris Padon Imperial County which will be led by reports that the site stewardship Jay von Werlhof, with assistance from program has yielded new site discover- In October, the California Archaeo- Margaret Hangan, BLM archaeologist, ies, and generated renewed efforts to logical Site Stewardship Program and Karen Collins of the Southeast record and photograph rock art (CASSP) participated in two volunteer Information Center. The workshop elements at several other sites. About workshops, and was indirectly in- featured information about geoglyphs, 20 site stewards work in Ridgecrest; volved in a barbecue fiesta. Each the ancient Lake Cahuilla, and they monitor ten areas with about 50 event marks important growth of the regional prehistory. Lorey Cachora and archaeological sites. site stewardship program. Neil Hill represented the Quechan people and presented Native Ameri- The volunteer site stewards at On October 23, the Bakersfield can perspectives. By the end of the Bakersfield, Imperial, and Ridgecrest District Office of the BLM and the day, each volunteer submitted a site bring a wide range of talents and life Southern Sierra Archaeology Society steward application and signed an experiences to the program. Their (SSAS) sponsored a workshop that used ethics and confidentiality agreement. skills range from carpenter to artist, CASSP materials to train 17 site In the coming weeks, each volunteer college teacher to lawyer. Many stewards. These new volunteers will will accompany Jay on a field trip to volunteers are serious students of join an existing program led by Duane their assigned site, to study its current archaeology and very knowledgeable. Christian, BLM archaeologist, and by condition and to learn more about its They are interesting, committed Carl Bjork and Mary and Jim Gorden, archaeological context. Then the new individuals, who already have en- SSAS members. Previous volunteers in site stewards will make regular visits to riched and strengthened California this program have been monitoring monitor their sites and report changes. archaeology. archaeological sites in the San Joaquin This workshop was the second one Valley; this all they will start moni- conducted by CASSP; the first was or more information about toring additional sites in the southern conducted in Ridgecrest in May 1999. CASSP, or about starting a volunteer Sierra region. This program is the first We plan to expand site stewardship site stewardship program in your area, pre-existing site stewardship program programs to more areas of California in please contact a member of the SCA to incorporate CASSP materials, and the coming year. Executive Board, or call Beth Padon at we are pleased to be associated with
New site stewards break into small discussion groups at the CASSP workshop in Imperial on October 30. Individuals include (left to right) Linda Cachora, Lorey Cachora, Bob Lange, Neil Hill, Jim Harmon, Jeff Lafave, and Sandy Chappell.
Chris Padon 5 SCA Business and Activities
(949) 733-1915 (email: the Kern River Paiute Council, energy and enthusiasm. At the end of [email protected]). provided a Native American perspec- the session, all the trainees agreed that tive. Duane Christian and Kim Cuevas they had a new appreciation for serve as the coordinating archaeolo- archaeological and historical sites. Workshop for Volunteer Site gists for the volunteer site stewards. Stewards Held in Bakersfield on Duane talked about the local prehis- Mary Gorden oversees the Site October 23-24th. tory and natural history of the Southern Stewardship program for SSAS. Carl Bjork is the SSAS Coordinator for the Mary Gorden Kern area, as well as laws and regula- tions regarding vandalism. Carl Bjork Southern Sierra Management area. Pam Coz-Hill coordinates the Carrizo The California Archaeological Site and Mary Gorden discussed volunteer Plain monitors. Since 1992, the BLM Stewardship Program (CASSP) held its safety and monitoring procedures, and and SSAS has trained 93 volunteers. second workshop for volunteers on the basic duties and expectations of These monitors have volunteered October 23-24th in Bakersfield. Duane the volunteers. The morning session thousands of hours. Their research Christian, BLM archaeologist for the ended with the volunteers signing an efforts have provided a written and Caliente District, and Kim Cuevas, ethics and confidentiality agreement photgraphic monitoring record of the BLM Intern, hosted the group. While that allowed them to participate in the conditions at Painted Rock and sites in this is the first time the CASSP field training. The trainers agreed that the Southern Sierra Management area materials were used, the Site Steward- the CASSP materials added a greater over time. or example, Dr. Paul ship Program in cooperation with the level of professionalism to their reeman developed a series of Southern Sierra Archaeological program. monitoring videos that detail the Society (SSAS) is in its 9th year. The After the morning briefing in conditions at Painted Rock from 1994 stewardship program covers the Bakersfield, the group traveled to the to present. Carrizo Plain and the Southern Sierra designated sites in the Southern Kern. Management area. This workshop The afternoon of the 23rd and the day focused on the sites in the Southern of the 24th were spent at the sites the Kern River-Lake Isabella area. monitors are expected to visit. The Native American Seventeen people participated in particular features and problems of Programs Committee the two day workshop. Jim Gorden, each site was viewed and discussed. Harold Bjork, Sally Peterson, Gabriel eatures such as midden, bedrock Update mortars, artifacts, and rock art were Diaz, Ruben Rue, James Hoang, Jason Janet P. Eidsness, Chair Brown, Jodi Ballard, Jennifer Souza, identified. Some sites have historically had problems with trash, vandalism Amy Bonilla, Daniel Guerra, and Native American Programs and/or graffiti. Visiting each site allows Carolyn Harvey were the trainees. Committee (NAPC) meetings were the trainees to establish base line data Nine of the trainees are Anthropology held at the Chairs home in the Santa that they will use when they return to majors at California State University, Cruz Mountains on August 20-21 and monitor on their own. The students resno. Robert Gomez, Vice-Chair for on October 15 at the California Indian from resno State University provided
Alan Woodman, Joan Woodman, Margaret Hangan, Jay von Werlhof, and Edie Harmon at the CASSP workshop in Imperial on October 30. Chris Padon 6 SCA Business and Activities
Conference hosted by Cuesta College Heritage Values to make it more user- session will honor the life and works of near San Luis Obispo. Recent efforts friendlyfor Native Americans and Katherine Saubel, a beloved and have focused on developing materials professionals. Sections will be updated dedicated Cahuilla woman who has and programs responsive to the to provide information about new served the Indian and professional concerns and suggestions offered by regulations and guidelines (e.g., communities in innumerable, irre- California Indians and CRM profes- NAGPRA, Section 106 review process placeable ways. This winter, NAPC sionals at our well attended April 24, guidelines at 36 C R 800). Also will mail information packets about 1999 NAPC orum in Sacramento. included will be a list of key local, the Annual Meeting and sessions of ollowing is an update of recent State and ederal contacts, to facilitate interest to various California Indian NAPC activities, goals and objectives. communication among persons who tribes, groups and individuals, in hopes have questions, issues or concerns to of encouraging their attendance and Draft Mission Statement. The discuss about an agency action, promoting the on-going dialogue mission of the SCA Native American program or policy and its effects on among the Native American and Programs Committee is to promote heritage resources. professional communities concerned communication and exchange of for the preservation of Californias information among California Indians To-date, more than 250 copies of heritage resources. Native American and professionals. The Native commu- various editions of this Sourcebook arts and crafts vendors will be invited nity and SCA will accomplish this have been distributed free-of-charge to to reserve a table in the book room by mission through collaborative efforts members of the California Indian contacting the Local Arrangements in education and technical assistance. community. SCA President-elect Ken Chair Joan Schneider at (909) 787- Wilson has been working closely with 5934. Standards. Opportunities for Dwight Duetsche of the California California Indians to participate in the The NAPC urges all symposia drafting of standards for CRM profes- organizers to invite the participa- sionals will be coordinated between tion of California Indian presenters the SCA Standards Committee and the and/or panel discussants. We have NAPC, with Shelly Davis-King initiated a fundraising campaign to serving as the liaison. [See Lynn raise monies to offer travel and per Gambles Standards Committee article diem stipends for Indian participants in on page 4 of SCA Newsletter 33(3), all sessions who do not live in the September 1999.] In addition, the Riverside area. Symposium organizers NAPC has discussed the strong and California Indian session partici- interest in developing standards and pants, please notify the NAPC Chair if you guidelines for Native American are interested in applying for the stipend. Monitors, as this topic is frequently raised by both the Indian and profes- California Indian Contacts List. sional communities. Good models NAPC member Geri Emberson is include the Guidelines for Monitors/ taking the lead in developing a Consultants of Native American Cultural, directory of California Indian tribes Religious, and Burial Sites adopted in (federally recognized and unrecog- 1989 by the Native American Heri- Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) nized), organizations and individuals tage Commission and materials to receive a $2500 contribution from who may be or are interested in being developed by Salinan Heritage OHP for additional reproduction and contacted and consulted about Consultants. Members of SCA and the distribution of the NAPC Sourcebook. management of Native American Indian community are encouraged to Additional donations and funding heritage resources in their respective send the NAPC Chair other written sources will be sought and greatly aboriginal homelands. Our desire is to examples of tribal or applied project appreciated. facilitate communication among guidelines, instructions, qualification California Indians, professionals and standards, authorities and responsibili- April 2000 SCA Annual Meeting. agencies who participate in, or are ties, etc. concerning Native American Planning for the year 2000 Annual responsible for, compliance with Monitors who participate in CRM SCA Meeting in Riverside is well CEQA, NEPA, NHPA and other projects. underway. The NAPC will present a relevant heritage preservation laws. day-long program on Saturday, April Early identification and on-going Updated Sourcebook. Sierra Me- 22, 2000. We intend to introduce the consultation with Native Americans in wuk NAPC member Reba uller is updated Sourcebook in the morning the Section 106 process is highlighted taking the lead in revising the NAPC session at a mini-workshop oriented by the recently revised Advisory Sourcebook on Cultural Resources towards the interests of the California Council regulations (36 C R 800). We Management, Archaeology, and Cultural Indian community. The afternoon realize that such a list may be contro- 7 SCA Business and Activities versial and subject to on-going ance workshops, especially where revision and updates, however, the agencies lack qualified CRM staff. NAPCs Indian participants feel it is a Eventually, we hope this contact list worthwhile endeavor to make the will be placed on a website for broader effort to begin to compile such a list. access and regular updates. Information sources used to compile this directory include the Native Coordination with California American Heritage Commission, the Archaeological Site Stewardship Indian Assistance Program of the Program (CASSP). In response to a California Department of Housing and request made by Chris and Beth Community Development, NAPC Padon, NAPC members who attended members and others. All tribes, groups the August meeting reviewed and commented on the CASSP materials and individuals identified on the list SCA Committees 1999-00 will be contacted for permission to being developed and employed to include their data before the list is train volunteers to monitor conditions Archaeology Week Representative released. Early on, we intend to of archaeological sites threatened by ...... Nancy Fox (909) 860-6278 distribute this directory to city and vandalism or other forces. [See ...... e-mail: [email protected] Padons article on pages 6-7 of SCA county planning departments and to Annual Meeting, 2000 CRM consultants. Local agencies, in Newsletter 33(3), September 1999.] We Program ...... Matthew Des Lauries (909) 328-1244 Arrangements ...... Joan Schneider (909) 787-5934
Avocational Society Representative ...... Myra Herrmann (619) 446-5372 ...... Larry Weigel (916) 653-1655
Curation Representatives ...... Lynne Christenson (619) 594-2305 ...... Andy Yatsko (619) 545-1131
Easements ...... Trudy Vaughn (530) 224-0515
Education Committee ...... Mary Gorden (209) 597-2373 ...... Anne Duffield-Stoll (909) 621-7521
ISTEA Advisory Council Representative ...... Paul Chace (760) 743-8609
Legislation ...... John Foster (916) 653-4529
Local and Regional Planning ...... Laurie Warner (916) 874-7914 Denise Thomas Membership Participants settle in at the Northern Data-Sharing Meeting, ...... Tom Wheeler (916) 332-1508 CSU Sacramento, 6 November, 1999. Native American Programs particular, may be the least informed ...... Janet Eidsness (831) 423-0588 were very encouraged by CASSPs about their responsibilities under Proceedings CEQA for consulting with interested initiative offering the opportunity for ...... Judyth Reed (760) 371-1320 Native Americans about the identifica- California Indian concerns to be tion, significance and management of reflected and incorporated into this Professional Standards and Guidelines heritage resources valued by contem- important new program through our ...... Lynn Gamble (760) 371-1320 committees voice. Highlighted by porary Indian people and eligible for Publicity inclusion on the California Register of our response is the need for CASSP ...... Kerstine Johnson (818) 388-8363 Historical Resources as traditional workshop planners to consult with and cultural properties. We will provide involve local Native Americans SCANet Webmaster local planning agencies with summary wherever the geographically based ...... C.Kristina Roper (209) 224-0201 information about applicable laws and site stewardship programs are estab- hope to follow-up by offering compli- lished in partnership with land- managing agencies. 8 SCA Business and Activities
Planning for Archaeology ield state and federal agencies, other address, phone, email and contact person Schools. The NAPC encourages that preservation groups and CRM consult- information. If you have questions, free to California colleges and universities ants for joint projects; public outreach/ call me at work @ 619.446.5372 or send an planning for archaeology field schools education, and; Archaeology Week email to me at: [email protected]. We during the summer of 2000 include programs. We plan to continue our look forward to seeing you there !! participation of California Indians who discussions on publicity and fund have ties to the geographic area where raising, with the hopes of making some News from Northern California the classes will be conducted. Archae- headway toward a sales cooperative Avocational Societies ology/CRM students will benefit with the Santa Cruz Archaeological greatly from the opportunity to learn Society. Several of last years topics Larry Weigel first-hand about the concerns and were discussed with the SCA Execu- perspectives of contemporary Native tive Board and will require follow-up /riends of Sierra Rock Art will Americans whose ancestors left their and action plans for possible imple- hold their annual meeting on Decem- signatures on the landscape. We hope mentation. Larry Weigel and I hope ber 1, 7:00 P.M. in the Community that field schools will offer scholar- that societies statewide will participate Room of the Nevada County Library ships for Native students to learn about annually in these roundtable discus- in Nevada City. Call (530) 273-2600 archaeology as well. sions and we encourage you to provide for more information. PCAS will be input, generate new ideas, and show putting on a Holiday Dinner & CRM/Native American Monitor the SCA board that their support can General Meeting at The Duck Club Workshops. Our ambitions not waver- result in our continued attendance and on December 2, 6 P.M. Check out their ing, the NAPC is looking to pursue a involvement at the SCA meetings. web site for more details or call (562) grant to develop a more formal Native 947-6506. Sacramento Archaeo- American Monitor Training Program. logical Society sponsored a presenta- Highlighted is the need to target tion on The Indus Valley Civilization construction contractors, local agencies by Dr. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer for and Indian communities. Grant their annual scholarship fundraising sources, grant writer(s), Tribal sponsors event. Their annual meeting is set for and volunteers to help meet this December 5th, 4 P.M. at Andiamos objective are welcomed. resturant. Call (916) 658-8585 for more information. Kate Horton reminded us (Note: In December 1999 and January 2000, in her article in the 2riends of Sierra NAPC Chair Janet Eidsness can be reached Rock Art Newsletter that the Passport in by calling 561/395-9582; writing her c/o Fred Time program (PIT)of the US S will and Judy Eidsness, 1300 Sycamore be sponsoring some interesting Terrace, Boca Raton, Florida 33486; or by projects next summer and now would email at [email protected]) be a good time to contact them at the PIT Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 31315, Tucson, AZ, 85751-1315 or call (520) Avocational Society 722-2716. News This year, the April 2000 workshop in Riverside is being sponsored by the Workshop to be Held Archaeological Survey Association Bennyhoff Award ThursdayApril 2011:00 a.m. (ASA) and will include a catered lunch for two avocational representatives Applications Due Myra Herrmann from each group. All avocational members are welcome to attend the in February workshop. However, those wishing to The purpose of the avocational Students are invited to apply for attend the luncheon not covered by society workshop is to address issues the James A. Bennyhoff Memorial the ASA can pay for their own lunch or that affect societies and what assis- und Award for the year 2000. The tance the SCA and other groups can bring a bag lunch. Additional details award consists of $800, 100 free provide to resolve these issues. Last will follow in the coming months. obsidian hydration readings, and 50 years roundtable was well attended Avocational groups must RSVP the names free obsidian source readings in and generated a tremendous amount of of the two representatives by January 30th support of original research on Califor- discussion. We will continue our to assure a luncheon space. RSVP to Myra nia and Great Basin prehistory. discussions from last year regarding: Herrmann at: 4456 Cape May Avenue, San Special consideration will be given to SCA Annual Meeting rate for avoca- Diego, CA 92107 or via email to the the following types of research: tion members; interaction with local, address below. We also need updated 9 SCA Business and Activities
AWARD NOMINATION FORM for the 9th annual SCA HELEN C. SMITH AVOCATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENT AWARD
Please fill out this form and return it by February 10th to Larry Weigel, 2930 Spruce Way, West Sacramento CA. 95691. The form may be typed or hand written. Responses may also be Faxed to 916-653-7757. If you have any questions, please call Larry at 916-372-5740.
Person or organization submitting nomination:
Name:______Address:______Phone:______
Organization Nominated:______President or Director:______Address:______Phone:______
Describe what significant contribution or contributions this group has made to California Archaeology during 1999. Please provide as complete a description as you can and append additional pages if necessary.
______
______
______
______
______
Please complete:
The information submitted about my organization is accurate and correct.
______signature of President, Director, or authorized representative 10 SCA Business and Activities
Studies which focus on the devel- recommendation from the students make State Parks a top budget priority opment, significant refinement, major professor or other knowledge- this year. and/or modification of time- able project sponsor, and mailed to: sensitive artifact typologies. This funding allocation was Chair, Bennyhoff prompted by the recognition that Studies which relate primary data Memorial Fund Award Committee historical structures and archaeological to enhancement, revision or 302 East 14th Street sites in Californias state parks were in replacement of existing cultural- Davis, California 95616 serious trouble. Stagnant budgets for historical taxonomic frameworks. the last decate coupled with ever- increasing visitor pressure, had led to a Award funds may be used for any Legislation Committee serious pattern of resource degrada- purpose directly related to a study or tion. The urgency of the need was John 2oster its publication: e.g., travel for purposes highlighted by the nomination of the of studying collections, photography, The Davis administration, with Angel Island Immigration Station as illustrations, graphics, radiocarbon or one of the Eleven Most Endangered other analyses. The study must be broad support in the Legislature, proposed increased funding in the Sites in the United States by the designed to culminate in a formal National Trust for Historic Preserva- research product, such as a senior or 1999-2000 state budget to correct maintenance, cultural and natural tion in 1999. The Trust found that masters thesis, dissertation, or formal deferred maintenance and lack of care refereed publication. resource problems in California State Parks. The budget contains $137M for were endangering nationally significent sites throughout To compete for the Bennyhoff correcting deferred facility mainte- Californias parks, with Angel Island Award, an undergraduate or graduate nance (including historic structures), being a prime example. student should send a letter of applica- and $20M for improved cultural and natural resource protection. These tion for the 1999 Bennyhoff Memorial New funding has resulted in new amounts are above the normal State und Award to the SCA no later than opportunity for archaeologists. State Parks budget. Credit for working to /ebruary 15, 2000. The letter Parks has determined that District secure the funding goes to the Davis should include a concise statement of archaeological positions are needed to administrations new Resources the research problem to be addressed, carry out important stewardship Secretary Mary Nichols as well as the a simple budget request, and a general projects. A new exam will soon be chair of the Assembly budget commit- time-line for completion of the overall announced for the Associate State tee, Denise Ducheny (D-National study. The application should be Archaeologist classification in antici- City). They worked closely with new accompanied by a copy of the pation of hiring some 10-14 new Parks Director John Rusty Areias to students resume, and a letter of permanent positions throughout the www.scanet.org 11 SCA Business and Activities ARTIST WANTED $1500 Reward!
The Society for California Archaeology (SCA) is seeking concept sketches for a poster that will publicize the ninth annual Archaeology Month event. Selection of an artist will be based on the creative interpretation of this years annual theme, originality, and artistic merit. The theme for this years poster is Bridging the Millennia. That topic was selected to coincide with the 150th commemoration of Californias Statehood. The focus of this years poster is to commemorate the States past as we catapult into the future of a new millennium.
Concept sketches must be received by January 15, 2000 (no later). Artists will be notified of the outcome of the selection process on or about January 25, 2000.
The artist will be responsible for preparing a camera-ready piece of original artwork by ,ebruary 20, 2000. Any two dimensional medium may be used. The SCA will handle final production of the posters. The artist will be paid $1,500.00 upon delivery of the final art- work. The artist will also receive 10 copies of the completed poster. ,ive thousand copies of the poster will be produced in full color on heavy 18 x 24 art design approximately (15 x 15 1/2) stock for statewide distribution to schools, parks, museums, and other outlets. Production details will be discussed with the selected artist on award of this com- mission. Once the printing process is complete, the original artwork will be returned to the artist. The SCA will retain the right to reproduce the artwork from photographic film in the future. Information about the SCA is available on the web at htt://www.scanet.org.
Interested artists may submit one (or several) concept sketches to: Deborah Tibbetts, SCA Poster Coordinator Eagle Lake Ranger District 477-050 Eagle Lake Road, Susanville, CA 96130 12 SCA Business and Acivities
State Park System. Information about Michael Sampson (Immediate Past Revenue Service, the Native Ameri- the exam can be had by visiting the President), Richard Carrico (Southern can Committee, and the Native State Park web site at
2. Historic downtown Riverside cheese reception at the Museum of and the California Citrus Heritage Photography, which is just down the Parkspecial guide. street from the historic Mission Inn in downtown Riverside. It will be an • Saturday Native American sympo- ideal indoor/outdoor venue complete sium with interesting exhibits and live entertainment. Now all we need are Saturday Teachers Workshop • auction items! • Curators Luncheon - Thursday noon Heres a chance to simplify for the SCA Annual Meeting New Millennium and do a good deed • Avocational Society Luncheon for the SCA at the same time. We need Riverside donations for the Silent Auction. April 19-22, 2000 • Informal Senior Archaeologists Perhaps you have a few books, a piece Comment on the Plenary Session of jewelry or an objet dart you could - riday noon part with for a worthy cause? These items have proven to be hot sellers in SCA YR-2000 The following people have the past. Your donation need not be Volunteered to head up committees; archaeologically related. In fact, it in Riverside please contact them with your requests need not even be a thing at all. and questions: Dee Schroth, Curator of Joan Schneider Perhaps you know of a cabin in the Anthropology at the San Bernardino mountains that someone could use for County Museum will organize the A great annual meeting is shaping a weekend, or your company would Bookroom with the help of Mari up! like to donate a weekend at the Luxor Parker of Earthtech; Anne Stoll of for a would-be Egyptologist (dream Wednesday evening no-host Statistical Research, Inc. will organize • on!). Whatever, we gratefully welcome reception the Silent Auction; Breck Parkman will your donations. We plan to have a pre- make sure that SCA gets Media bid viewing room for donations at the • Concurrent paper and poster coverage. UCR students will organize hotel. All are tax deductible and sessions on Thursday, riday, and A-V equipment, registration, etc. with receipts will be provided. Questions? Saturday help from staffs of local CRM compa- Contact Anne Stoll (909) 335-1896 or nies. Statistical Research, Inc. will Thursday evening event and Silent [email protected] (Statistical • sponsor an event, and other sponsor- Auction at the UC-California Research, Inc.) or Joan Schneider (909) ships are in progress. Museum of Photography 787-5934 or [email protected]
Susan Hector has worked in San Diego County since 1980, ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ initially with the environmental consulting firm, RECON, eventually becoming their Director of Cultural Resources. She earned her Ph.D. in Anthropology from U.C.L.A. in 1984, which dealt with intrasite variability patterning as discerned from artifact attribute analysis. This work was done on the Pio Pico Site, a large Late Prehistoric village located near the confluence of the Jamul and Dulzura Creeks in south-central Prehistoric Archaeology San Diego County. Since 1989 Susan has been with the Parks and Recreation Department. During her tenure there she has Denise Thomas been instrumental in making happen the projects that have fully rehabilitated and restored two very significant adobe This series offers an annotated bibliography of recent properties, Los Peñasquitos and Rancho Guajome, both published and some unpublished literature pertinent to County parks. Most recently she has served as their Chief of current debates and methods in Californian archaeology. the Open Space Division, being very involved in the Prehistoric and historic archaeology will appear in alternate Countys large regional parks, and with the very important issues. If you have any news or ideas about how this section County habitat conservation programs, like the MSCP can better fit the needs of its audience feel free to email the (Multiple Species Conservation Program). Her promotion authors: [email protected] or [email protected]. took effect on September 24th. Susan served as President of Please limit contributions to those that can be easily accessed the SCA from 1987-88 and founded the Proceedings during by all members of the SCA and have appeared within the last her term. The Proceedings is now entering its 12th year. The five years. SCA congratulates Susan on this significant promotion and ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the wonderful opportunity it presents.
Meetings Waters, Michael R., Brian . Byrd, and Seetha N. Reddy 1999 Geoarchaeological Investigations of San Mateo and Las lores Creeks, California: Implications for Coastal Settlement Models. In Geoarchaeology: An International Western Social Science Association Journal 14 (3):289-306. Annual Meeting The authors evaluate the complex alluvial stratigraphy of two coastal drainage systemsSan Mateo Creek Basin and Barbara Lass Las lores Creek Basinlocated in the Camp Pendleton area. Both drainages flow directly into the Pacific Ocean, and The Western Social Science Association Annual Meeting both were found to have downcut during the late Pleistocene will be held April 26-29, 2000, at the Town and Country followed by a long period of aggradation through the Ho- Resort and Convention Center San Diego, California. The locene. This process corresponds with the fluctuation Anthropology section seeks papers on all subfields and topics, between the drop in sea level which spurred the creek to but an interdisciplinary and/or Western states focus is encour- downcut and a subsequent rise in sea level which resulted in aged. Deadline for abstract submission is November 1, 1999. the deposition of large packages of sediment in alluvial Contact: Dr. Barbara Lass, Phoebe Hearst Museum of basins of the lower watershed. Approximately 500 years ago, Anthropology, 103 Kroeber Hall, #3712, University of both creeks also experienced channel instability, creating California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 4720-3172; 510-526- prominent terraces in the alluvial lowlands. The geomorphic 1245 or 510-642-6843;[email protected]. study culminated in a series of predictions for archaeological visibility. The bulk of the alluvium making up the surface and near-surface terrace deposits was laid in the late Ho- locene after 4,000 B.P., thus, it was determined that surface Visit SCA’s Website: and near-surface archaeology in the alluvial basins would date less than 4000 B.P. In contrast, materials older than 4,000 B.P. www.scanet.org should be deeply buried below the alluvium and thus have poor visibility. This could result in a distortion of settlement pattern evidence pre and post-4000 B.P. The investigators further concluded that post-4000 B.P. sites were large, multi- seasonal occupations with an emphasis on marine exploita- tion, a pattern contrary to contemporary models pertaining to the Southern California coast. 17 New Publications
Anderson, R. Scott and Brian . Byrd Coard, R. 1998 Late-Holocene Vegetation Changes from the Las 1999 One Bone, Two Bones, Wet Bones, Dry Bones: lores Creek Coastal Lowlands, San Diego County, Transport Potentials Under Experimental Conditions. California. In Madrono 45 (2):171-182. Journal of Archaeological Science 26(11):1369-1375. The existing south coastal California Holocene palyno- Coard developed controlled experiments designed to logical database is very poor. The authors hoped to remedy assess how faunal remains are transported in fluvial environ- this by analysis of pollen samples recovered from a 4.75 ments. The purpose of the study was to address archaeologi- meter cutbank exposed along Las lores Creek. The cutbank cal problems associated with defining the taphonomic origin contained several buried soils containing fossil pollens, of faunal assemblages whose composition and distribution are enabling the authors to reconstruct vegetation and climatic potentially influenced by nonhuman depositional processes. changes in the last ca. 4300 radiocarbon years. The analysis His experiments involved use of a flume and controlled rate yielded 41 pollen and 4 spore types. ive pollen zones were and volume of water flow. In the study, four types of bone recognized, corresponding to major breaks between sediment were studied: 1) articulated wet bone, 2) articulated dry bone, packages. The authors suggest that the environment at the 3) disarticulated wet bone, and 4) disarticulated dry bone. end of the Middle Holocene was considerably different from The results demonstrated that each type of bone had a the environment today. Based on the presence of Cupressus distinct transportation pattern. Articulated dry bone had the pollen, the area was probably significantly wetter. Beginning highest transport potential, indicating that articulated dry ca. 2,600 years ago, the soil stabilized in the Las lores Creek bone in the archaeological record has a high potential for basin, and the basin landscape was colonized by herbs, the displacement or site intrusion. dominant vegetation to the present day.
Burton, Robert K. and Paul L. Koch Web Sites of Interest: 1999 Isotopic Tracking of oraging and Long-Distance Migration in Northeastern Pacific Pinnipeds. Oecologia GSA Rock Color Chart 119:578-585. http://www.geosociety.org/cgi-bin/mall/ doc?rcc001.htm~0417-2827 The stable isotopic composition of animal tissues is linked directly to diet. Marine mammals harvest resources North American Pollen Data Base Reference List from a variety of marine environments, and each can leave a http://www.museum.state.il.us/research/napd/ particular isotopic signature. Thus, analysis of the isotope Employment With the US0S composition of marine mammal bone can reveals details http://www.fs.fed.us/people/employ/ about the animals foraging systems. Burton and Koch researched populations of northeastern Pacific pinnipeds in USGS California Water Bibliography order to evaluate 1) trophic position, 2) foraging location http://water.wr.usgs.gov/calbib/index.html (nearshore vs. offshore as well as high latitude vs. middle latitude), 3) resource preferences, and 4) interspecific or California State Railroad Museum http://www.csrmf.org/ intraspecific resource partitioning. They established carbon isotope gradients for varying marine ecosystems by analyzing International Association for Obsidian Studies the isotopic composition of migratory and non-migratory http://archnet.uconn.edu/topical/lithic/tech/abiaos.htm pinnipeds known to forage in either nearshore or offshore zones. Their results suggest that the most significant isotopic variation occurs in regions of the northeastern Pacific where deep-water mixing is extreme. In these locations, pinnipeds exploiting the nearshore have a different carbon isotope composition than those foraging offshore. In contrast, where the mixing is less severe the isotopic composition for pinnipeds feeding nearshore is similar to those feeding offshore. This result is linked to the carbon isotopic variation in phytoplanktons found at the base of the food web. The authors also note that their results could have implications to the analysis of past ancient pinniped populations. Editor’s e-mail: [email protected] 18 Regional Report Eastern Sierra Don Laylander
Obsidian studies, paleoenvironmental change, and evolving subsistence/settlement systems have been among the main foci for archaeology in the Eastern Sierra region (Mono and western Inyo counties) in 1998-99.
C.S.U. Sacramentos summer field school and its Archaeo- logical Research Center, under the direction of Mark Basgall, have been particularly active in Mono County. One focus of CSUS investigations is the Early Holocene: Older archaeo- logical deposits are more common than weve realized, but are often more ephemeral and get overlooked in many CRM efforts, Basgall observes. Excavations in 1998 recovered a large assemblage of tools at MNO-680, with hydration values pointing to a short-term Early Holocene occupation.
The 1999 summer field school worked at Little Hot Creek, a Long Valley habitation site, and at a house-ring site near Casa Diablo Mountain. Two sites in the Bridgeport area are also being investigated by CSUS graduate student Tom Mills, in collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the Bridgeport Indian Colony. Mills excavations have found evidence bearing on protohistoric processes of accul- turation, including a house pit with a hearth containing substantial faunal remains. Other ongoing thesis work in the region includes Dan Camboias investigation of the produc- tion history at the Bodie Hills obsidian source and Wendy Pierces study of pottery technology.
Basgalls ARC collaborated with the U.C. Riversides Archaeological Research Unit under M. C. Hall to complete a massive survey project along the highway system throughout Inyo and Mono counties. In all, 315 sites were recorded, from 185 of which obsidian artifacts were collected for source analysis. A paper by Basgall and Jennifer Richman indicates that obsidian from the Casa Diablo and Coso sources was widely distributed within the region, while material from Mono Craters, Mono Glass Mountain, Truman-Queen, and ish Spring was more localized.
Mark Giambastiani directed two site-specific CSUS excavations for Caltrans. MNO-3018 near Sonora Pass yielded information on the use of high-altitude environments and on patterns of trans-Sierra exchange. At MNO-894 near Benton, obsidian hydration measurements on keeled unifaces support the conclusion that this artifact type dates back at least to the Middle Holocene.
Giambastiani is also winding up his U.C. Davis disserta- tion research, conducted since 1993 on the Volcanic Table- lands north of Bishop. Surveys, excavations at 13 sites near ish Slough, study of the older Enfield collection, and extensive obsidian sourcing and hydration work are being Map Adapted from E. Raisz “Landform Map of the United States.” used to address long-term changes in settlement patterns, technological shifts accompanying the appearance of the bow 19 Regional Report
Michaeol Delacorte
Owens Valley Living Surface, ca. A.D. 1600 and arrow, and the Truman-Queen hydration rate. importance of sorting with 1/16-inch mesh to recover the Giambastiani stresses the importance of a broader perspec- largest sample yet of fish bone from Owens Valley. tive: I think weve reached a point where only regional- scale projects can really tell us anything conclusive about the arther south, above the former shoreline of Owens Lake, assumptions we currently share. another WARG data recovery project directed by Amy Gilreath is addressing two prehistoric sites. One is 7000-8000 Data recovery studies at six prehistoric sites in the years old, contains a fairly impressive amount of fish bone, southern Owens Valley were completed recently by Michael according to Gilreath, and may shed important light on Delacorte of ar Western Anthropological Research Group obsidian hydration chronology, based on a pairing of obsidian (now at CSUS). Among the highlights were new evidence on and radiocarbon dates. Early and Middle Holocene settlement systems, documenta- tion of a late shift in the targets of riverine resource exploita- The second site is a Rose Springs midden which has tion, and exposure of a late-period habitation structure, yielded nearly 125 projectile points and may have something complete with outside hearths and associated coprolites -- to say about the medieval climatic anomaly, which has the cleanest one-time occupation package Ive ever seen, put the Haiwee period on center stage, under a floodlight, says Delacorte. according to Gilreath. With regard to the climatic anomaly, few cling to the position that it didnt happen, while most Byproducts of the WARG southern Owens study include regional archaeologists are considering what, if any, effects it two regional summaries of specialized information. Data had on the regions people. Comparing the archaeological were assembled on faunal remains from throughout Inyo patterns for the 1500-1000 BP interval is the next obvious County and the northern Mojave Desert, and Randy Milliken step to take down this avenue of research. synthesized and reinterpreted material on shell, bone, and steatite beads, updating Bennyhoff and Hughes study. Kirk Halford, BLM archaeologist in Bishop, has under- Virginia Butlers work on fish remains also demonstrated the taken several major projects recently in Mono County. 20 Articles
Halford did a sample inventory of sites on the Dry Lakes Eerkens applied neutron activation sourcing to sherds not Plateau in the Bodie Hills for his M.A. thesis at the Univer- only from the Owens Lake sites but from central and northern sity of Nevada, Reno. He identified the area as a resilient Owens Valley, Inyo Mountains, Long Valley, Deep Springs, resource base which attracted settlement during periods of Death Valley, southern Nevada, China Lake, ort Irwin, and environmental stress elsewhere within the region. Packrat Sequoia. Technical analyses have also included fatty acid/ midden analysis also documented the early (ca. 5000 B.P.) lipid residue analysis on sherds as well as gas chromatography presence of pinyon pines, filling a gap in the record of that and mass spectroscopy, raw clay sourcing, obsidian sourcing, resources Holocene shift to the north. and flotation work.
Obsidian studies have been a particular focus of Halfords Im trying to understand how people dealt with environ- research. He has extended the known quarrying areas for the mental and climatic variability over the last 3000 years, Bodie Hills and Truman/Queen sources, arranged for sourcing Eerkens explains. So Im looking at how people respond to and hydration work on the Wedertz collection of projectile both spatial variability and temporal variability -- not so much points from the Bridgeport area, and tested the effects of fire average conditions (i.e., warm/cold or dry/wet) but changes in on artifact hydration. Among research priorities for the region, the amount of year-to-year variability on a century scale, and according to Halford, I see continued work in the refine- how this affects exchange, mobility, and diet breadth. ment of obsidian hydration as a temporal indicator as para- mount. Thad Van Bueren recently completed his report on Caltrans excavations at an early twentieth century work camp Jelmer Eerkens, a U.C. Santa Barbara graduate student, is in southern Owens Valley. The camp was occupied during the currently wrapping up several years dissertation work at final year of the 1908-1913 construction of the Los Angeles Owens Lake. Eerkens research has focused in particular on Aqueduct, by a crew that averaged 134 men and at least two Owens Valley ceramics and has involved new excavations at women. three sites, plus use of collections from previous work at several other sites. The housing was clearly segregated into four neighbor- hoods that emphasized differences in social standing,
Owens Valley living surface, ca. A.D. 1913
Thad Van Bueren 21 Articles
occupation, and marital status, according to Van Bueren. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ This design was consistent with evolving scientific Reaching out to the Community: management principles that sought to promote divisiveness Public Interpretation of the within the work force as a way to thwart organized labor. In the study, he adopted a relational view of class, considering Woolen Mills Chinatown, San Jose artifacts as evidence of class struggles, rather than as precon- Continued from page 1 ceived status indicators.
An older Eastern Sierra project wrapped up recently was Planning for Outreach Dave redricksons study of two sites near Bridgeport. The 1989 excavations at MNO-566 and MNO-2466 have previ- We started to plan for public outreach as far in advance as ously been discussed by redricksons Sonoma State Univer- possible to make sure we reached the broadest spectrum of sity students in masters theses by Dave Bieling and Jeff opportunities. We were fortunate that this project had an Haney, and in SCA Proceedings papers by Jane Caputo, Bruce almost built-in audience in San Jose. Archaeology holds a Dahlstrom, Kathy Dowdall, Jennifer erneau, and Bieling. special place in this tale of San Jose Chinese community redricksons report now provides a comprehensive summary history, awareness, and activism. Archaeological excavations of the work. in the early 1980s at the Plaza Chinatown, San Joses earliest Chinese community, spawned the Chinese Historical and Questioned about current research needs, Eastern Sierra Cultural Project (CHCP). We tapped in to the enthusiasm and investigators identified a range of priorities for archaeology in experience of the CHCP, and also coordinated with the San the region, including: Jose Historical Museum and Guadalupe River Parks and
○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Garden Association (GRPG). early- and mid-Holocene sites; obsidian hydration chronology (Halford) Each archaeological site has its own interpretive opportu- nities and constraints. In-field public interpretation was pre-2000 B.P. chronology and lifeways; what drove pretty strait forward, but post-field interpretation is ongoing intensification (Delacorte) and changing as opportunities present themselves. You can regional synthesis (Eerkens) plan, and you can plan, but the opportunities that have come up continue to surprise us. The trick is to be in a position to pre-3500 B.P. chronology and lifeways; hydration rates and take advantage of these opportunities. production histories for additional local glass sources (Basgall) Web Page regional subsistence/settlement models; hydration rates for sources other than Coso and Casa Diablo The CHCP has a web page at www.chcp.org. Our pre- (Giambastiani) field planning included contacts with the webmaster who has an extremely active interest in archaeology. We agreed that standardization of nomenclatures; study of the geographi- posting an Archaeologists Journal on their page would be cal biases in archaeological work; better an interesting interpretive opportunity. Since San Jose is in paleoenvironmental reconstructions; ways to distinguish the heart of technology driven Silicon Valley, it seemed short-term intervals of cultural change (Hall) appropriate. We were able to write informally in our journal about something we like, chat about everything from setting consequences of the medieval climatic anomaly; a new up port-a-potties to curation, and still convey the thrill of post-3000 B.P. chronological framework (Gilreath) discovery during excavation. This proved a very successful venture for a limited investment of time. The CHCP web social impacts of industrialization; adaptation of particular page has a general audience that is not archaeologically industries to local needs; household-level responses to oriented. We saw this as an opportunity to get an archaeologi- change (Van Bueren). cal message to people browsing under Chinese key-word The list of current frustrations with doing archaeology in searches. the Eastern Sierra region is generally topped by problems Our main concern was not having direct control of the relating to communication. The investigators cited difficul- product. The CHCP gets many requests to post information, ties in knowing about and having access to CRM reports, the and has a blanket policy about how to post information. This dispersed curation of collections, the use by different re- made the web page difficult to access for some computer searchers of non-comparable data systems, lack of compendia users. If we do it again, wed have more direct communica- for existing data sets, insufficient peer review, and a need for tion with the webmaster and more actively pursue direct links more frequent conferences to share findings. with existing web pages such as the SCA, SHA, SAA, and others. One of the lessons we learned was to work with a 22 Articles
Jerry Doty
Figure 1. Mark Hylkema (kneeling) and Bryan Mischke (standing) explaining the cooking feature to CHCP members during site tour. professional. Its better to use their experience than waste in mind can help minimize costs. The entire site does not your time learning how to create a web page by trial and error. have to be interpreted. In some cases only certain portions of the site can be open for public inspection, a lesson that we wish we would have more actively considered. Site Tours Tours started with a general orientation explaining the There is no substitute for letting people walk across the project, then we broke into smaller groups and led people site and get a feel for how people lived in the past. But be around the site. We encouraged crew to stop excavating and aware that making a site visitor friendly and opening it up so talk with questioning visitors. Site tour days were not always visitors can visualize how the community may have looked productive for moving dirt, but there is no possible way to can be time consuming. Initially we had planned on having quantify the interpretive value of dollars spent on these tours. only Thursday afternoons scheduled for field visits. Due to The time, energy, and money invested were well worth the overwhelming response and conflicting schedules, we good will generated in the community. Tours will always be a quickly learned that we had to make other site visit appoint- high point for public outreach and we should continue to offer ments. them as often as possible. At the Woolen Mills Chinatown the historic ground surface was buried under 3-4 ft. of soil. During the course of Volunteer Artifact Sorting normal excavations, we removed the overburden with heavy equipment leaving huge piles of backdirt and 4-5 ft. deep During the course of data recovery, we excavated two trenches. These created potential safety problems if tourists features using a wet screening approach. Water to the site was wandered around the site, and potential interpretive prob- cut off due to impending construction, so screening on site lems. We decided it was important to get the dirt out of the would have been difficult. Staff from the GRPG park directly way so people could visualize the Chinatown. It required across the river from the Chinatown stepped in and saved the several extra days of heavy equipment, but the payoff was day. They offered an area for wet screening in the midst of a worth it. Planning excavation strategies with some site tours rose garden. GRGP and CHCP volunteers helped sort the 23 Articles wet screened soil for bone, shell, eggshell, and assorted by and keeping watch even after data recovery excavations artifacts. We kept the remaining matrix and did additional were completed. screening back at the lab. We got some time consuming sorting conducted and people excited about one of the less- The opportunity for the clubs and other community glamorous aspects of archaeology. members to excavate with us came in mid-October. Our thinking was that artifacts recovered from volunteer excavation days could be used for exhibit, to fill teaching Volunteer Dig kits, and test our previous sampling strategies. We notified the clubs, the CHCP, the GRPG, the Santa Cruz Archaeo- San Jose has very active bottle hunting and metal detect- logical Society, the San Jose History Museum, students ing clubs. Members of these clubs contacted Mark Hylkema from San Jose State University, and even our friends and asking if they could work over the site. Mark patiently relatives. One local teacher contacted Tom Layton, looking explained the archaeological process and the information for an opportunity to bring her students on to an archaeo- value of the site, and also invited club members to become logical site. And so we had 30 local 6th graders screening volunteer excavators at the end of our more controlled buckets for us the day before our planned excavations. excavation. The clubs listened, and put out the word that this Connie Yu told the students about what life was like for her site should not be disturbed. Despite Marks outreach efforts, grandfather in San Joses Chinatown, and the kids got we were concerned the site would be pothunted. We hired a hands-on experience with the past. security company to watch the site overnight. Apparently their staff thought a two-hour coffee & donut break away from On riday, we had 35 volunteers and 8 archaeologists, the site was not something to be fired over (we disagreed). and on Saturday we had 48 volunteers and 10 archaeolo- Even with these security breakdowns, our site was not gists putting picks, shovels, and trowels into the earth, and pothunted. To keep members of their own club honest, then screening and washing artifacts. We took the opportu- members took it upon themselves to police the site, driving nity to lecture about the information value of the artifacts,
Figure 2. Volunteer excavations.
Jerry Doty 24 Articles
Julia found a Stanford film student who came out to the site and filmed interviews with field staff and historian Connie Young Yu. Since then, a reporter at the local PBS affiliate who wants to do a documentary on San Joses Chinatowns has approached us. We gave them our video and had them out to the site during the volunteer dig. We dont know how the PBS documentary will work out, but were pleased to help someone else get the story right. Thanks, Julia, for insisting.
Teaching Packages
Early in our planning, we discussed the possibility of working with local teachers to create an archaeology lesson package from the Woolen Mills site. Joyce Johns, a San Jose Jerry Doty high school teacher and graduate of Cabrillo Colleges archaeological program, has helped with outreach throughout Figure 3. Interview with Connie Young Yu captured on video. the course of the project. Joyce, on her own time, has created even the broken ones, and why stratigraphic excavation is a kids archaeological sorting activity that she has conducted important for understanding a site. These volunteer days at local festivals. Joyce presented this activity at the last SCA took a lot of energy and planning, but it was well worth it. We meeting in Sacramento. Joyce has developed contacts in the did have a few problems with overenthusiastic excavators, but teaching community who would like to incorporate archaeol- we learned a lesson to let our archaeologists know that it was ogy into their lesson plans. We are currently unsure where okay to stop volunteers in their tracks rather than just standing this will go, but are excited about the future. We have an aside. By Saturday, we really had our act together. abundance of artifacts that can go in teaching kits thanks to the volunteer dig. What we need to do next is develop a lesson plan that ties archaeology to social studies curriculum, Media and we hope our friends in the teaching community will help us do this right. Some projects organize a media day to get everything over in one fell swoop. We were concerned about pothunting at our site, so we didnt hold a general media day. Near /estivals completion of the initial fieldwork, we called in a reporter from the San Jose Mercury News, and ended up with a great Irene Rutledge (also CHCP webmaster) had organized a piece published it in the Sunday paper, on the front page, kids archaeological activity several years running for the above the fold. Associated Press picked up the story and it annual CHCP Summer estival in July. Weve helped out was published throughout California and as far away as Irene the past two years. This year, KEA gave sponsor Chicago. The China Press, the World Journal, and a Mandarin money so that Irene & Anmarie could expand the archaeol- speaking news show on television station KPST all did pieces ogy booth. We prepared a poster and displayed archaeologi- on excavations at the Woolen Mills Chinatown. American cal tools and screens. Kids and parents wanted to screen dirt Archaeology, the journal of the Archaeological Conservancy, and were excited when they could identify things in the heard about the project and printed a piece in their all 1999 screen. Once we prepared this display for one festival, it was issue. In retrospect, we could have better planned for these easy to reuse it at other festivals. The GRPG asked us to opportunities. Prepared press releases would have made the participate in their Pumpkin estival in October. Joyce Johns interviews go smoother, rather than the ad hoc approach that conducted her kids sorting activity and we helped out. we took Lectures and Papers Video Mark Hylkema has taken the lead on lecturing to local During our pre-field planning, we talked about the groups, and has spoken to the GRPG and treasure hunters possibility of producing a video of the project. We know club. Were planning additional talks when weve completed there are many videos are out there that receive limited most of our research and have some conclusions to offer our exposure, and have a limited shelf life, so we hesitated to audience. Outreach to professional societies is also part of spend time and money on actively planning a documentary. our job here. We had the opportunity to give a talk at the But as Julia Costello pointed out to us, its important to get Chinese American History Conference in July, and plan on some fieldwork footage in case we changed our minds, or presenting more papers at future SCA and SHA conferences. opportunities came up that we didnt envision. You cant Stay tuned for further details. reconstruct fieldwork there is no substitute for this footage. 25 Articles
Conclusion tion across regions and by resource categories or attributes. While efforts to encode data for eventual electronic access are ongoing at Most archaeological societies, including the SCA, are the Office of Historic Preservation, that electronic database is not talking about increasing public outreach. Members of our available to the public and only two or three individuals have the archaeological community have good ideas of what works for knowledge to effectively search it. Hence, if you want to retrieve and public outreach, and we should continue those venues. We analyze previous evaluations of a specified category of resources— should also develop more alternative venues and use modern for example, evaluated rock art sites in northern California—you are technology such as the internet. Our gold mines on this faced with a daunting and labor-intensive task. Improving electronic project consistently came from tapping into opportunities search capabilities for professional users should be a system priority realized through connections with existing local communi- because it will provide the means to create more powerful historic ties. The greatest success we had was when local organiza- contexts and make better and more efficient decisions about re- tions had something going and we could tap into that built-in sources and the allocation of scarce preservation dollars. audience. Future articles in this series will continue to explore the challenges Our public outreach job here was made possible by the that lie ahead of us. I encourage you to submit opinions and comments fact that Caltrans has a strong commitment for site interpreta- on the views expressed in this ongoing series. Prospective contribu- tion, and many thanks to our colleagues who have come tors may contact me at: P.O. Box 326, Westport, CA 95488, by before us preaching this message. Having a clients support telephone at (916) 653-1427 or (707) 961-6096, or via email at [email protected]. gave us the ability to make our outreach efforts more cre- ative. The opportunity to excavate and learn about this Chinatown has been extraordinary. The opportunity to present our findings to the public is even better. We archae- Information Centers ologists frequently do such a good job of making our field boring, and putting the public in a position of only being the from the Perspective of onlookers. To step out of that pattern is a challenge, but well a Consulting Historian worth the reward. Stephen D. Mikesell ...... >>>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<...... (JRP Historical Consulting Services)
When Thad Van Bueren asked me to write a piece on the Information centers from the perspective of a historian, I Managing Survey Data: wanted to plead ignorance; I certainly am not a frequent user. In reading Leigh Jordans recent article in this journal, The History, Challenges, and however, I got the feeling that I may be the only historian to Promise of the California use the centers. I guess I can speak with as much authority as anyone else. Information Center System In the mid-1990s, there was a seachange in the relation- ship between historians and the Information Centers. This A series edited by Thad M. Van Bueren came about through nearly simultaneous decisions by the Office of Historic Preservation to disperse the Historic The following article is the third in a series covering the history, Resource Inventory (HRI) records to the Information Center challenges, and future of the California Historical Resources Informa- System and to adopt the new multi-layered DPR 523 form, tion System. Written by Steve Mikesell of the private consulting firm which essentially consolidated the forms used to record JRP Historical Consultants, it addresses some of the challenges and historic and archaeological properties. Looking back, it may prospects of the Information Center system from the perspective of a have been wiser to make these changes one at a time but its professional historian. much too late to turn back on either. Whether we like it or not, historians and the centers are now part of a single, As the centers continue to evolve into repositories for the full integrated system. Historians now need the centers, and vice- range of historical resource data, it is crucial that the system responds versa. to all of its users. At present, few historians are familiar with or have been making use of the expanding resources of the centers. Steve is a I predict there will be a long period of adjustment as noteworthy exception with direct experience using nearly half of the historians figure out how the Information Center System Information Centers in the state. For that reason, I am grateful he works and the centers figure out how to serve the needs of accepted the challenge of putting his thoughts on paper. historians. I dont mean to be unduly pessimistic. Rather, I Many of the points Steve raises are matters that hold equal weight think it is practical to anticipate at the outset that there are for professional archaeologists. I particularly agree with his assess- likely to be problems along the way and be prepared men- ment that the regional nature and current organization of the data in the tally to work toward finding solutions before problems get out centers limits everyone’s ability to gather useful comparative informa- of hand. 26 Articles
The Information Center System grew up over the course graphical basis all of the properties in such-and-such a of many years with a particular customer in mind an community or county. The OHP database, however, has archaeologist who was interested in researching or submitting the capability of supporting contextual research because it archaeological site records. The centers must now adjust to a has many fields other than geographical location. Included much different customer a historian who is researching or are fields on date of construction, architect, historic use, submitting a DPR 523 for a building or structure. Historians and others. In evaluating a Southern Pacific depot, for for their part never paid much attention to the centers example, a researcher may gather data on all known because the centers had little to offer. If historians are not (inventoried) SP depots in the state. Other researchers may using the centers, it may be because they are unaware of the gather data for all the buildings designed by Irving Gill, all potential usefulness of Center data, or because the centers are the bridges built in the 1870s, or all the schools designed unaware of how to present that data in a way that is useful to by Ernest Kump in the San Joaquin Valley between 1900 the historian. More likely, it is through some combination of and 1935. To the best of my knowledge, no Information these factors. Center offers this type of research. It may make sense for Information Centers to teach their staff to do this research; Let me suggest four things the centers could do to attract it probably makes more sense to offer access to the OHP a larger number of patrons among practicing historians. This computer on an hourly fee basis. is not a full list, just the first things that come to mind. Again, these are not intended as criticisms but rather as practical inally, I see a need for considerable flexibility on the suggestions that might help attract historians to the centers parts of the centers and historians alike in figuring out how and open the way for a fruitful dialogue between the centers to complete the new DPR 523s in a manner that is useful and their new customers. to both parties. It is worth repeating neither historians nor the centers have much experience in using these new irst, the HRI information needs to be accessible in all of forms, but historians do have many years of experience in the centers. It is my understanding that most but not all of the how best to go about the business of recording historic centers have accepted copies of the old HRI forms. The buildings. Historians may use the new forms but they also Office of Historic Preservation, until recently the only follow practices and habits they developed over many available locale for inspecting the HRI forms, has generally years in the business. Historians are not going to change taken the position that their records are for internal use and overnight, nor should they, necessarily, to adjust to the that records searches should be made at the appropriate practices of the centers. Information Centers. This arrangement is workable but only if all Information Centers are part of the program. Let me give a specific example. or many years, there is a longstanding practice of recording groups of identical Second, I think the centers need to appreciate that the or similar buildings on a single form. This is particularly regional make-up and geographical orientation of the centers common in dealing with uniform buildings on military is less useful in dealing with buildings than with archaeologi- bases. If there are 12 identical barracks in a row (a not cal sites. It is true that projects occur regionally but research uncommon occurrence), historians have commonly interests are not so restricted. If I am evaluating a Southern completed one form, rather than 12 forms, for that group. Pacific depot, my context will include the universe of This practice has gone on for many years and was devel- Southern Pacific depots, irrespective of the region in which oped in cooperation with the OHP and all of the various they occur. military branches. Some Information Centers, however, have balked at accepting such grouped forms, presum- In addition, geographical locators (whether UTMs points ably because it makes it difficult to assign primary num- or a GIS overlay) are of much less use in dealing with bers. I happen to think this small controversy can be buildings than with archaeological sites. or a building, the resolved easily. The point is not that this is a major crisis ideal locator is an APN (assessors parcel number) because its not, except to the military but it is indicative of how that is the identifier that leads to all legal records. The next historians and Center staff will need to learn more about best locator is a street address because it leads to the APN. A each other and adapt to unfamiliar practices and standards. UTM is of little use except in dealing with a property that has neither an APN nor a street address, as with a cabin on a In general, I think there is a great, untapped potential in National orest. Recognizing this simple fact can help an the relationship between historians and the information Center arrange its data in a format that can be used by a centers. The centers should relish the fact that they have historian. It may be asking too much to supply APNs but the wonderful and powerful new research archives at their Center should not under any circumstance assume that UTM disposal, particularly with access to a searchable database can substitute for street address as the preferred locator. in which hundreds of thousands of properties have been recorded. Historians should (and will, I suspect) figure out Third, I believe that the centers have the potential of how to take advantage of the wonderful resources the providing a more powerful analytic research tool by allowing centers offer. There will, however, be bumps in the road. If historians access to the OHP HRI database. Currently, the we begin the journey expecting those bumps, they wont centers are oriented toward providing HRI data on a geo- come as such a surprise. 27 Advertisements Take Your Pick!
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Applicants should have a professional understanding of prehistoric, historic and cultural archeology/anthropology, and of the application of NHPA and NEPA to such resources. An advanced degree is required by the SHPO to establish adequacy for consultative require- ments. BLM managers will be looking for candidates with a thorough understanding of the resources within their regions, including specific understanding of Native American cultures, demonstrated ability to manage archeological projects, and the ability to contribute pro- fessionally to interdisciplinary teams and to contribute to the resolution of controversial situations.
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Arlington. or more information contact the Conference on the emale Principle, Department of English 19035 University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 760l9 National or phone (817) 272-2692; email: [email protected] April 18 - 21, 2000. Computing Archaeology for Under- Preservation standing the Past - A joint conference of CAA and the Union Internationale des Sciences Prehistories and Protohistories, Commission IV (UISPP). Ljubljana, Institute Slovenia. or the registration form and contact for any information on registration, hotel accommodation, the Seminars in Historic Preservation social program, and technical information: Ms. Alenka Kregar, Cankarjev dom Cultural and Congress Centre & Cultural Resource Management Presernova 10 SI - 1000 Ljubljana. E-mail: in 2000 [email protected] or visit the conference website: http://www.zrc-sazu.si/caa * New Seminar on Section 106: Working with the Revised Regulations April 5 - 6, 2000. Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylva- Professional training for the management, development, and nia. or more information go to the SAA website: http:// preservation of historic, cultural, and environmental resources. www.saa.org or email conference organizers at: Section 106, Working with the Revised Regulations (San [email protected] Francisco/Sacramento) • Affordable Housing and Historic April 26-29, 2000. Western Social Science Association Preservation (San Francisco) • Secretary of the Interior’s Annual Meeting will be held at the Town and Country Standards • Integrated Cultural Resource Management Resort and Convention Center San Diego, California. Plans • Historic Structures Report (Tempe) • Consultation Anthropology section seeks papers on all subfields and with Indian Tribes on Cultural Resources Issues (Riverside) topics, but interdisciplinary and/or Western states focus • plus more. Please contact us for a seminar schedule. encouraged. Deadline for abstract submission is Novem- ber 1, 1999. Contact: Dr. Barbara Lass, Phoebe Hearst 703.765.0100 [email protected] www.npi.org Museum of Anthropology, 103 Kroeber Hall, #3712, P.O. Box 1702. Alexandria. Virginia 22313 University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 4720- 3172; 510-526-1245 or 510-642- 6843;[email protected] May 15 - 19, 2000. 32nd International ARCHAEOMETRY January 4-9, 2000. The Society for Historic Archaeology Symposium will be held in Mexico City, Mexico at the and 33rd Conference on Historical And Underwater Maria Isabel Hotel. Visit the conference website at: http:/ Archaeology, will be held Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. /www.archaeometry.unam.mx or email the conference Visit the SHA WEB site ( http://www.sha.org ). organizers at: [email protected]. or more January 5, 2000. SAA award to recognize the best student information contact: Archaeometry 2000 Instituto de research paper presented at the Annual Meeting. Qualifi- Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM Circuito Exterior cations: A student must be the primary author of the paper s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán Mexico City, and the presenter copy of the conference paper must be D. . 04510 MEXICO submitted. The paper should be between 7-9 pages in May 29- June 2, 2000. Palynology and Micropaleontology length (not including a bibliography), double spaced, in Canadian Geoscience: New rontiers and Applica- using standard margins, and 12 pt font. The award winner tions. A One-day Symposium sponsored by the Canadian will receive a citation from the SAA president, a piece of Association of Palynologists (CAP) held during official SAA merchandise, and a $100 gift certificate from GeoCanada 2000, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Abstracts Alta Mira books. or more information, contact: Caryn M. must be submitted to the Conference Committee, final Berg, Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 233, abstract deadline is January 7, 2000. Abstract form, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, email: submission instructions, and details of the meeting are [email protected] available http://www.geocanada2000.com. or more March 30-April 1, 2000. Conference on theSuppressions informtion, please contact: Alwynne B. Beaudoin and Reassertions of The emale Principle in Human ([email protected]) or Martin J. Head Cultures. Keynotes: Martha Nussbaum, Drucilla Cornell, ([email protected]) or see the Associations website at Eva Keuls, and Nancy Tuana. University of Texas at http://www.ualberta.ca/~abeaudoi/cap/cap.htm 31 Calendar of Events
June 18 - 23, 2000. 17th International Radiocarbon Confer- Sex (Spring 2001). or more information, or to submit, ence will be held in Jerusalem. or more information contact Discourse at: Discourse Department of Anthro- visit the conference website at: http:// pology State, University of New York at Buffalo, 380 www.radiocarbon.co.il/ or email the conference organizers M AC Ellicott Complex, Buffalo, NY 14226-0005. at: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Visit the website: http://wings.buffalo.edu/anthropology/Discourse 16 October to 20 October 2000. Islands VI Conference, Isle of Skye. or more information visit the conference Check out *assemblage* an on-line, peer reviewed archaeo- website at http://www.islandstudies.org. or contact Graeme logical journal produced by the graduate students of Robertson, the conference organiser, Portree, Isle of Skye, archaeology and archaeological science at the University IV51 9EU,Scotland U K. Phone: +44 (0)1478 612898 of Sheffield, England. *assemblage* covers diverse Habitat Scotland or e-mail: [email protected] topics and issues in archaeology. Past issues can be found at http://www/shef/ac/uk/assem/3/3comment.html and Issue 4 is currently on the Web at http://www.shef.ac.uk/ ~assem /ield Study Opportunities: Websites/eDiscussion Groups of interest: 16 June to 27 July, 2000. The American Expedition to Petra is planning its 18th season of excavation, stabiliza- Bulletin board-style ield Archaeology forum: http:// tion, and research at the Temple of the Winged Lions (and clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/fieldarchaeology adjacent area) in the ancient Nabataean city of Petra in southern Jordan. Archaeological periods include the Directory of Archæological Societies and Newsletters has Nabataean and Later Roman (Byzantine) periods, dating been compiled by Michael Smoke Pfeiffer, from the 1st century A.D. through the 6th century A.D. Archæologist, Ozark-St. rancis National orests with ieldwork opportunities exist for interested individuals. hyperlinks added by Tom Mallard. This web resource Application Approval: 15 March, 2000. More information can be found at http://serv.net/~mallard/archsoc.html about the American Expedition to Petra is available online at: http://todacosa.com/petra/aep.htm or addi- ederal Preservation orum is online at http:// tional information, you may contact Dr. Hammond by www.ca.blm.gov/cdd/fpforum.html e-mail at [email protected] or write to him at: Dr. The Archaeological Data Service provides international Philip C. Hammond 15810 Chicory Drive ountain Hills, guidelines for the collection and preservation of archaeo- AZ 85268 USA. logical data. Their website is at http://ads/ahds.ac.uk March 20-June 30. Cayo District, north of San Ignacio, on the western border Site: El Pilar Archaeological Reserve Calendar listing include notices for meetings, lectures, museum for Maya lora and auna Period: 450 BC-AD 1000. openings, educational opportunities and internet sites of interest to Application deadline: ebruary 30. Minimum age: 18. California Archaeologists. All submissions are welcome. For frequent The program takes volunteers and students. Volunteers updated and more background information, visit the SCA website at and students should be at least 18 years old and in good http://www.scanet.org. Please send calendar listings to Donna Day, physical shape. Experience is preferred, but not required. Tahoe National Forest, 631 Coyote St. Nevada City, Ca 95959 or via Participation can be arranged for as little as two weeks or email [email protected] as long as the entire field season, with participants interested in the entire field season taking precedent. Director: Dr. Anabel ord. or more information contact: ISBER/MesoAmerican Research Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. AX: (805) 893-2790, E-mail: [email protected] or D. Clark Wernecke, ield Director - BRASS/El Pilar Program, 1002 Huntridge Drive, Austin, TX 78758 E-mail: [email protected]. The BRASS/El Pilar Website: http://alishaw.sscf.ucsb.edu/~ford/index.html Publications Discourse, a peer-reviewed, four-field print journal featuring current work by graduate students across the globe. Each issue focuses upon a universal topic. All graduate students are encouraged to submit work. Spring theme: ood. Upcoming themes include Death ( all 2000) and 32
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