WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF & IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 22(4):150–152 • DEC 2015

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES A New. Chasing BullsnakesTrophic (Pituophis catenifer sayi ) inResource Wisconsin: in the Diet of the On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: Saw-tailedA Hypothetical Excursion Curlytail, ...... LeiocephalusRobert W. Hendersoncarinatus 198 (:RESEARCH ARTICLES Leiocephalidae) in Cuba . The Texas Horned in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida ...... Anaisa BrianCajigas J. Camposano, Gandia, Kenneth Javier L. Krysko, Torres, Kevin M.and Enge, Orlando Ellen M. Donlan, J. Torres and Michael Granatosky 212 Department of and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba ([email protected]) CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225

he Saw-scaledHUSBANDRY Curlytail (Leiocephalus carinatus) is a poly- W; NAD27), on the Hicacos Peninsula, Matanzas Province, Ttypic naturally. Captive distributedCare of the Central in Netted the Dragon Bahamas, ...... Cuba, an adult male Leiocephalus Shannon carinatus Plummer 226was photographed feed- and the Cayman andPROFILE Swan Islands, and which has been intro- ing on discarded rice and black beans (a dish called congrí in duced in southeastern. KraigFlorida Adler: A(Henderson Lifetime Promoting and Herpetology Powell ...... 2009). Cuba; Fig. 1). The lizard Michael approached L. Treglia 234 the food carefully, with In Cuba, the species is widespread (Rodríguez-Schettino et tail raised and curled, and apparently very much aware of the COMMENTARY al. 2013) and common,. The Turtlesinhabiting Have Been rockyWatching coasts,Me ...... “mogotes” camera (Fig. 1A). Nevertheless, Eric Gangloff it quickly238 began to eat (Fig. (peculiar limestone outcrops in western Cuba), and areas 1B). Food recognition appeared initially to be by sight, pos- near human settlementsBOOK aroundREVIEW old buildings and roadsides sibly also by scent once at close range, and finally by taste and . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, (Rodríguez-Schettino 1999).R. Berridge, This P. Ramani, very and B.E.cautious, Young ...... diurnally texture as indicated by use Robertof the Powell tongue, 243 which was slightly active lizard exhibits an agility that belies its stocky build. In protruded (Fig. 1A). Cuba, males reach snout-ventCONSERVATION lengths RESEARCH of 98.5–109.1 REPORTS: mm Summaries and of Published Conservation Arthropod Research abundance Reports ...... varies seasonally 245 in tropical envi-  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 females 90.9–100.9 mmNEWBRIEFS (Rodríguez-Schettino ...... 1999). ronments (i.e., more abundant during 248 the rainy season; The trophic spectrum EDITORIAL of INFORMATION this species ...... is very wide. It Wolda 1980; Tanaka and Tanaka 1982). 251 This could result feeds on many invertebrates, FOCUS ON CONSERVATION including insects: A Project and You arach Can Support- ...... in limited energy availability for insectivorous 252 reptiles, espe- nids (Sampedro et al. 1979; Schoener et al. 1982; de Armas cially during the dry season when food and water are scarce, 1987; Fong and Garcés 2002), centipedes (Sampedro et al. potentially triggering behaviors like those reported herein. 1979; de Armas 1987), crustaceans (de Armas 1987), and However, we have no evidence of L. carinatus rejecting this Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern snails (Sampedro et al. 1979). It alsoTotat consumes et velleseque audant small mo verte - kindTotat of et vellesequefood during audant mo the rainy season. A more parsimonious brates, and both cannibalism and heterospecificestibus inveliquo velique saurophagy rerchil explanationestibus inveliquo isvelique that rerchil L. carinatus is an omnivorous, opportu- erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus have been reported (Schoener et al.aut 1982;dolor apicto de invere Armas pe dolum 1987; nisticaut dolor species apicto invere that pe dolumexploits whatever resources are available in Martínez and Rodríguez-Schettinofugiatis 1987; maionsequat Fong eumqueand Garcés orderfugiatis to maionsequat obtain the eumque greatest amount of energy with the least moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- 2002). In addition, these consumema derrovitae vegetablevoluptam, as quos mate - possibletur ma derrovitae expense. voluptam, Consumption as of immobile, energetically rial (Sampedro et al. 1979; Schoeneraccullabo. et al. 1982; de Armas rich food like rice and beans would appear to be an ideal sce- 1987; Fong and Garcés 2002), mainly fruits (Sampedro et nario, the probability of which is enhanced by the frequently al. 1979). Fong and Garcés (2002) found shed skin in the reported association of this species with humans. alimentary bolus, which is common for lizards (e.g., Perera 1985; de Armas 1987; Martínez and Fernández 1994; Sifers Acknowledgements et al. 2001). Individuals also have been reported eating food We thank Raimundo López-Silvero for information and pho- for kept in the Havana Zoological Park and cooked tographs. We also thank the management of the protected chicken eggs (Rodríguez-Schettino 1999). Martínez and area “Varahicacos,” particularly its director Daniel Fajardo, Moreno (2003) observed individuals “consuming sweets and for technical and logistical support. remains of human food at tourist places, gardens, and yards of houses” (translated from Spanish), but they did not specify Literature Cited what type of food. Herein we report the exploitation of a new, de Armas, L.F. 1987. Notas sobre la alimentación de Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis human-made trophic resource. (Sauria: Iguanidae). Poeyana 350:1–7. Fong, G.A. and G. Garcés. 2002. Composición y variación estacional de la dieta de On 20 February 2012, at 0931 h at the biological station Leiocephalus carinatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) en Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Boletín in the Protected Area “Varahicacos” (23.19457 N, -81.15384 de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 10(2):29–34. Copyright © 2015. Anaisa Cajigas Gandia. All rights reserved. 150 CAJIGAS ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 22(4):150–152 • DEC 2015

Fig. 1. An adult male Saw-scaled Curlytail (Leiocephalus carinatus) in Varahicacos, Cuba approaching (A) and eating (B) rice and black beans (a dish called congrí in Cuba). Photographs by Raimundo López-Silvero.

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Henderson, R.W. and R. Powell. 2009. Natural History of West Indian Reptiles and Rodríguez-Schettino, L., C.A. Mancina, and V. Rivalta González. 2013. Reptiles Amphibians. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. of Cuba: Checklist and geographic distributions. Smithsonian Herpetological Martínez, M. and I. Fernández. 1994. Hábitat y alimentación de Leiocephalus Information Service (144):1–96. cubensis cubensis (Iguania: Tropiduridae) en una localidad de Ciudad de La Sampedro Marín, A., V. Berovides Álvarez, and O. Torres Fundora. 1979. Hábitat, Habana, Cuba. Ciencias Biológicas 26:21–30. alimentación y actividad de dos especies de Leiocephalus (Sauria: Iguanidae) Martínez-Reyes M. and L. Rodríguez-Schettino. 1987. Canibalismo en Leiocephalus en dos localidades de la región suroriental de Cuba. Ciencias Biológicas 3:129– carinatus (Gray) (Sauria: Iguanidae). Miscelánea Zoológica 29:1–2. 139. Martínez-Reyes, M. and L.V. Moreno García. 2003. Lagartos habitantes de los sue- Schoener, T.W., J.B. Slade, and C.H. Stinsor. 1982. Diet and sexual dimorphism los, pp. 90–97. In: L. Rodríguez-Schettino (ed.), Anfibios y Reptiles de Cuba. in the very catholic lizard genus Leiocephalus of the Bahamas. Oecologia UPC Print, Vaasa, Finlandia. 53:160–169. Perera, A. 1985. Datos sobre la dieta de Cyclura nubila (Sauria: Iguanidae) en los Sifers, S.M., M.L. Yeska, Y.M. Ramos, R. Powell, and J.S. Parmerlee, Jr. 2001. alrededores de Cayo Largo del Sur, Cuba. Poeyana 291:1–12. Anolis lizards restricted to altered edge habitats in a Hispaniolan cloud forest. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:55–62. Rodríguez-Schettino, L. 1999. The Iguanid lizards of Cuba. University Press of Florida. Gainesville. Tanaka, L.K. and S.K. Tanaka. 1982. Rainfall and seasonal changes in arthropod abundance on a tropical oceanic island. Biotropica 14:114–123. Rodríguez-Schettino, L. 1999. Systematic accounts of the species, pp. 115–123. In: L. Rodríguez Schettino (ed.), The Iguanid Lizards of Cuba. University Press Wolda, H. 1980. Seasonality of tropical insects. Journal of Animal Ecology 49:277– of Florida, Gainesville. 290.

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