THE TWELFTH ANNUAL STANFORD UNDERGRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY CONFERENCE
MAY 18 –19, 2012
Sponsored in part by the Department of Psychology ______[ ]______1 Table of Contents
Welcome Letters 3
Conference Schedule 5
Keynote Speaker Biographies 6
Saturday Presentation Schedule 7
Paper Session I Abstracts 17
Poster Session I Abstracts 24
Paper Session II Abstracts 40
Poster Session II Abstracts 47
Acknowledgements 63
Map of Jordan Hall 64
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Dear Presenters, Faculty, and Guests, May 18, 2012
I would like to welcome you to the Twelfth Annual Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Conference (SUPC)! I hope you have a wonderful experience this weekend networking and hearing about all of the wonderful research being done by dedicated students around the world.
Psychology is a world full of potential that can easily be applied to our daily lives. Not only is it extremely engaging, but the wide reaches of Psychology allow people to delve into endless possibilities. Research is one important way that students pursue their interests within Psychology. I have been impressed by the innovative ideas and the great creativity I have seen within the research that will be presented at this year’s conference. Not only does this year mark our twelfth anniversary, but it also marks a year of record breaking abstract submissions, as well as record-breaking attendance. With so many different topics being covered, and this increase in participation, I have no doubt that this will be one of the best conferences to date.
This year’s conference will consist of an opening banquet on Friday evening followed by a day full of presentations on Saturday. It is my hope that everyone is able to learn about the variety of research being done by students from all over the world. In addition, I also highly encourage everyone to take advantage of this unique conference and make connections with all of the dynamic students and faculty and professors in attendance. Speak with professors and students around you; learn from the presentations; enjoy the speeches of our talented Keynote Speakers, Dr. Heaney and Dr. Zimbardo; but most of all, make the most of your experience at the conference.
The conference today would not be possible without the hard work of my dedicated Team of Directors, who spent hours pouring over abstracts and working to ensure the best possible conference experience for all attendees. In addition, I would like to thank the Psychology Department’s very own Roz Grayson for helping us as we worked to organize this event, as well as SUPC’s founder Dr. George Slavich.
I hope that you enjoy the conference, and that you leave having learned something new, met someone new, or having gained some new perspective. Take advantage of this weekend, and most of all, welcome to Stanford!
Best,
Lemaat Michael Executive Director, SUPC 2012
______[ ]______4 Friday May 18th, 2012
3:45 pm Registration Outside of Jordan Hall (420), Room 040
4:15 pm Banquet Dinner Math Courtyard
5:30 pm Introductory Speaker: Dr. George Slavich, SUPC founder Keynote Speaker: Dr. Philip Zimbardo
Saturday May 19th, 2012
8:00 am Registration Outside of 420, Room 040
9:00 am Introductory Address 420, Room 040
9:30 - 11:00 am Paper Session I 420-040, 420-041, 380-380C 380-380W, 380-380X, 380-380Y
11:00 am – 12:00 pm Poster Session I Math and Linguistics Courtyard
12:15 – 1:15 pm Lunch Math Courtyard
1:30 – 2:30 pm Keynote Address: Dr. Catherine Heaney 420, Room 040
2:45 – 4:15 pm Paper Session II 420-040, 420-041, 380-380C 380-380W, 380-380X, 380-380Y
4:15 – 5:15 pm Poster Session II Math and Linguistics Courtyard
5:30 pm Q&A Session on Professional Development with Dr. George Slavich 420, Room 040
______[ ]______5 Speaker Biographies
Dr. Philip Zimbardo has been a Stanford professor since 1968 having taught previously at Yale, NYU, and Columbia University. Dr. Zimbardo earned a B.A. from Brooklyn College, where he triple majored in anthropology, psychology, and sociology. He has been given numerous awards and honors as an educator, researcher, writer, and service to the profession. Among his more than 300 professional publications and 50 books is the oldest current textbook in psychology, Psychology and Life. He is well known for his famous experiment, the Stanford Prison Experiment, which led him to his current interests in psychology, covering a wide range of things from shyness to time perspective, madness, cults, political psychology, torture, terrorism, and evil. Dr. Zimbardo is currently working as director of the Heroic Imagination Project, which is a nonprofit whose mission it is to inspire people to make positive change both in their own lives as well as the world around them.
Dr. Catherine Heaney has been an associate professor at Stanford University in the Psychology and Human Biology department since 2005 and the School of Medicine since 2006. She received her Ph.D. in Health Behavior and Health Education from the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Dr. Heaney’s research focuses on examining how psychological factors, such as stress, social support, and organizational justice influence human health and disease. She has received numerous awards for her interdisciplinary research, including the Alice Hamilton Award for Excellence in Occupational Health and Safety in 2003.
Dr. George Slavich works for the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA. He is the founder of the Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Conference. Dr. Slavich completed his undergraduate and graduate coursework in psychology and communication at Stanford University, and received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Oregon. After graduate school, he was a clinical psychology intern at McLean Hospital and a clinical fellow in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Slavich then completed three years of postdoctoral training in psychoneuroimmunology. His research examines why and how social experiences affect health. He is deeply devoted to teaching and mentoring, and to developing groups that promote student development. In addition to SUPC, he founded the Western Psychology Association Student Council, and co-founded the Society of Clinical Psychology’s Section on Graduate Students and Early Career Psychologists.
______[ ]______6 A CONTEXTUAL VIEW ON CHILDREN'S 8:00 – 8:45 Registration AGGRESSION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL Basement of 420 RESPONSE Joseph Leshin, Sara Berzenski, Tuppett Yates Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo & University of 9:00 – 9:15 Introductory Address California, Riverside Basement of 420 PARENT/GUARDIAN SATISFACTION WITH HIGH SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: A SOCIAL COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE 9:30 – 11:00 Paper Session I Dale Dong 420-040, 420-041, 380- Lincoln High School 380C, 380-380W, 380-380X, 380-380Y BUDDHISM, CULTURE, AND COGNITION Leif Sigerson UC Berkeley Room 420-040
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS Room 380-380C COMMITMENTS ON PERCEPTIONS OF GUILT Davis M. Vo, Kimberly Hartson, David Sherman TRANSFERENCE AND SOCIAL POWER University of California, Santa Barbara Bryan Dickerson
UC Berkeley MORAL FOUNDATIONS AS MOTIVATED SOCIAL COGNITION: AN EMPIRICAL ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY CHILDREN LEARNING IN MUSEUM SETTINGS LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES VIEW Gavin Y Fung, Maureen Callanan MORALITY University of California, Santa Cruz Michael Strupp-Levitsky New York University DOPAMINE SIGNALING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AS A REGULATOR OF GENERAL ASSERTIVENESS AND APPROVAL COGNITIVE ABILITIES MOTIVATION AS IT RELATES TO DECEPTION Alessandro Pizzo, Christopher Wass, Louis D. Laura M. Dimler & Jennifer A. Harriger Matzel Pepperdine University Rutgers University
HE LOVES ME? HE LOVES ME NOT? SELF- GENDERED LANGUAGE AND SEXISM: THE ESTEEM INFLUENCES AFFECTIVE EFFECTS OF “HE” LANGUAGE IN RELIGION RESPONSES TO COMPLIMENTS FROM Asha Weisman ROMANTIC PARTNERS Loyola Marymount University Zhenni Wu, Anna Luerssen, Ozlem Ayduk University of California, Berkeley Room 380-380W
Room 420-041 HAVE CAUCASIAN-AMERICANS BECOME COLOR AND GENDER BLIND?: A NATIONAL
SURVEY INDICATING STARTLING SOCIAL COMPARISON ON FACEBOOK: THE DEPARTURES FROM RAPE ATTRIBUTION EFFECTS OF VIEWING FACEBOOK ON SELF- TRENDS ESTEEM AND BODY IMAGE I. Blaze Javier-Mandela Autumn Empson, Laura Fewell, Signe Feldman, Georgia State University Kristin L. Kiddoo & J. Andrew Albers Saint Louis University
RED MEANS STOP: THE EFFECT OF COLOR FACE TO FACEBOOK: AN EXPLORATION OF ON AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING AND ITS Sawicka, M., Patten, K.J., Holloway, S.R., EFFECTS ON EMPATHY. McBeath, M.K. Karly Larson, Ron Arbel, Kovyon Wright, Amy Arizona State University Packard Foothill College ELEVATED REJECTION SENSITIVITY AND ITS IMPACT ON SYMPTOMATIC AND ISA..DALAWA..TAKBO! SA MATH AKO'Y PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES IN EUTHYMIC KABADO! A STUDY ON FILIPINO MATH PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR I DISORDER ANXIOUS STUDENTS Tommy Ng, Sheri L. Johnson Jade Marrise T. Grageda, Carmen Lloyd L. Rojas, University of California, Berkeley Alyssa Adia S. Villamayor, Rachelle Anne G. Santos OUTGROUP NARRATIVE RECOGNITION OF Miriam College ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN YOUTH AND THE EFFECTS OF THIRD PARTY INVOLVEMENT Carissa Aresta, Ella Ben Hagai, Andrew Pilecki, 9:30 – 11:00 Poster Session I and Philip Hammack University of California, Santa Cruz Math Courtyard Room 380-380X ON SELF-EFFICACY, FAMILY, AND FIRST GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS THE ACCULTURATION GAP DISTRESS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND CAREER MODEL: BENEFICIAL OR MALADAPTIVE? GOALS MIchelle Pasco, Eva H. Telzer, Andrew J. Fuiligni Jose L. Ochoa, Michael J. Levine, and Margarita University of California, Los Angeles Azmitia University of California, Santa Cruz LEARNING WORDS THROUGH RESPONSIVENESS TO JOINT ATTENTION IN FAILED TESTING EFFECT: INFLUENCE OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN DELAYING RECALL AND FEEDBACK Jane Lee, Nancy Le Yue Yu, Veronica Yan, Robert A. Bjork University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles
MATERNAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY DURING THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP: PREGNANCY: A PREDICTOR OF LOWER EXAMINING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN POSTPARTUM EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY? DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN Natasha Maki Yamane PARENTS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS Barnard College YOUTH Chelsea L. Massoud IS FORGIVENESS DEPLETING?: THE University of Southern California COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF FORGIVENESS VERSUS HOLDING A GRUDGE OUTCOMES OF PARENTAL INVESTMENT IN Atrina Brill, Jennifer Stellar, Dacher Keltner HIGH RISK CHILDREN University of California, Berkeley Rachel Samec University of California, Santa Barbara
Room 380-380Y THE EFFECTS OF MOODS AND PAYOFFS IN LEXICAL DECISION MAKING Mehgha Shyam,Emmanuel Kumar, Michael JEWISH AMERICAN STEREOTYPING Shvartsman, Richard Lewis PhD. TOWARDS MUSLIM AMERICANS IN COLLEGE University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AGE STUDENTS Megan Ziman, Ella Ben-Hagai, Phillip L. Hammack UC Santa Cruz
______[ ]______8 EFFECT OF COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL OF NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSMISSION IN THE EMOTIONAL DISTRESS ON ATTENTIONAL CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA CONTROL CONTRIBUTES TO THE ANXIOGENIC Danni Ji, Darren Liu EFFECTS OF COCAINE University of California, Los Angeles Jennifer Lane University of California, Santa Barbara ANTICIPATED EARLY DEATH AND RISKY BEHAVIORS IN INCARCERATED CREATIVE RATS: VARIABILITY IN BEHAVIOR ADOLESCENTS AND ITS RELATION TO LATENT INHIBITION Jordan Daylor; Amy Lansing, Phd; Lisa Hecht Yan Lam Matthew Lau University of California, San Diego University of California, Los Angeles
THE IMPACT OF MUSIC PACE ON DELAYING THE EFFECTS OF TIME PRESSURE AND CELL GRATIFICATION PHONE DISTRACTION ON STANDARDIZED ShuChuan Liu TEST PERFORMANCE California Lutheran University Carolyn A. Liesen, Amanda M. Meyer, Kim M.
Bieda, Kiley E. Enno, Kristin L. Kiddoo “RESISTING DESSERT!” – EMOTION Saint Louis University REGULATION CHOICE AND EATING BEHAVIOR CHILDREN’S FICTIONAL NARRATIVES: Anna B. Robertson, Gal Sheppes, James J. Gross GENDER DIFFERENCES IN STORYTELLING Stanford University & Tel Aviv University Javanna Obregon New York University MAPPING THE HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX: EXPLORING EARLY COMPONENTS OF THE THE ENVIRONMENTAL ROLE OF VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL WITH DENSE- PRODUCTIVITY ARRAY EEG Zachary W. Duncan Jennifer Lewis, Phan Luu, Don Tucker and Allen California Lutheran University Malony University of Oregon SEXUAL MINORITY IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT, ONSET OF SAME-SEX SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, HOW FAMILY CLOSENESS AND FAMILY AND HIV RISK OUTCOMES OBLIGATIONS INFLUENCE UNDERGRADUATE Elizabeth Glaeser LATINO STUDENTS ACADEMIC SELF- New York University Steinhardt School EFFICACY Carolina Ruiz and Margarita Azmitia DID YOU GET IT?' - THE EFFECTS OF University of California Santa Cruz UNDERSTANDING (OR NOT UNDERSTANDING) A SATIRICAL PIECE OF THE EFFECT OF SUBJECT VACILLATION HUMOR BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS (ELA) Franccesca Kazerooni; Dr. Shana Levin AND MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS ON TIMED Claremont McKenna College TEST SCORES Mason R. Black & Aniesha C. Craig THE INFLUENCE OF EMPATHY ON THE Yosemite High School ADOLESCENT EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE Blanche M. Wright, Eva Telzer, Andrew Fuligni THE EFFECTS OF SMILING ON VERDICT University of California, Los Angeles RENDITION Vanessa Magee THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMILE Yosemite High School GENUINENESS AND SIZE OF SOCIAL LONELINESS IN CHILDREN WITH ANXIETY NETWORK AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Kelly Anne Flack Marina Mladenovic, Jeffery Wood, PhD. and Patty North Central College Renno University of California, Los Angeles
______[ ]______9 ENGLISH PROFICIENCY SKILLS AND SELECTIVE MECHANISMS LINKED TO WORKING MEMORY TRAINING IN LANGUAGE CONTROL IN THE BILINGUAL ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED LEXICON KINDERGARTNERS AT RISK FOR READING Zachary I. Greenberg, Jason Samaha, Mark W. PROBLEMS Geisler, Kenneth R. Paap Hillary Mastrosimone, Erica Medina, Maribel San Francisco State University Lopez, and Judith Foy Loyola Marymount University "DAFUQ" DID I JUST READ? COLLEGE STUDENTS' DAILY REALITY THE GRAY AREA BETWEEN PURCHASE Miriana Garza, María Mirón TYPES: A MATERIAL ITEM THAT PROVIDES Universidad de Monterrey AN EXPERIENCE Lea M. Lunden, Darwin A. Guevarra, & Ryan T. ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE AND Howell ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA San Francisco State University POLYMORPHISMS PREDICT PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SELF-ESTEEM IN MEN AND THE EFFECTS OF PLEASANT SCENTS AND WOMEN UNPLEASANT SCENTS Lameese Eldesouky, Laura R. Saslow, Robb Yanelli Miranda Willer, Matthew Feinberg, Katharine Clark, Dacher Yosemite High School Keltner, & Sarina R. Saturn University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Francisco, University of Colorado, Linguistics Courtyard Boulder, & Oregon State University
THE EFFECT OF THE COLOR YELLOW ON CREATIVE THOUGHT AS RELATED TO WORD MEMORIZATION FLUIDITY OF BODY MOVEMENT Beatriz Tenorio, Lauren Atkins Jennifer Vargas, Mike Slepian, Nalini Ambady Yosemite High School Stanford University & Tufts University
CHILDREN’S PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR TOWARD INTRACRANIAL SELF-STIMULATION AND THE A NATIVE VERSUS FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ABUSE POTENTIAL OF MODAFINIL: A WAKE PROMOTING DRUG SPEAKER Julia Tran Meagan A. Johnson University of California, Santa Cruz Arizona State University
SELF CONTROL AND TEMPORAL THE EFFECT OF STATUS PROMOTION AND DISCOUNTING OF LOSSES STATUS LOSS PREVENTION GOALS ON Danielle Marie LaVere, Mary Kay Stevenson POLITICAL ATTITUDES California State University, East Bay Madeline A. Mayer; Steven L. Neuberg, Ph.D.; Andrew E. White, M.S. HOW BRAND CONSCIOUSNESS AFFECT THE Arizona State University CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION OF PRODUCT QUALITY EFFECTS OF GROUPING ON PREFERENCE Abella, Jomaica, Acuña, Andrea Paula F., FOR COLOR TRIPLETS Benitez, Jennifer Anne A., Faigane, Marivic D., Christopher Lau, Karen B. Schloss & Stephen E. Inoferio, Katrina Samantha A. Palmer Miriam College University of California, Berkeley
FETAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON MARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE ADULT SOCIAL ANXIETY: DIFFERENCES IN FUNCTIONING AT 9 MONTHS OF AGE GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION Nina Paddu Jessica Thurmond Barnard College University of West Florida
______[ ]______10 BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL RESPONSES TO VIRTUAL INTO VERISIMILITUDE: PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL WARMTH VIDEOGAMES’ ABILITY TO INDUCE EMPATHY Mona Lin Blake Bennett University of California, Los Angeles Claremont McKenna College
THE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF AGE THE EFFECT OF INSTRUMENTAL RAP MUSIC AND LEVEL OF NEED ON PROSOCIAL ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY BEHAVIOR Jennifer Garner Ashok Sadasivaiah Yosemite High School University of California, Los Angeles DIVERSITY TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CALL FOR ACTION THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRATERNITY Elisa Velasquez-Andrade, Paul Martinez, Kayleigh INVOLVEMENT AND RAPE MYTH Watters,Daniel Mello, Jacob Tumas, Ana Quiroz, ACCEPTANCE Alma Valverde, Ricardo Sandoval Kallie M Dixon Sonoma State University University of California, Santa Barbara
THE EFFECTS OF JOB STRESS ON HEALTH SPATIAL-NUMERIC ASSOCIATIONS BIAS OUTCOMES ATTENTION: AN INVESTIGATION OF Brett Neely, Bridget Reynolds, Rena Repetti, Ted ENCODING BIASES IN COLLEGE-AGED Robles ADULTS USING NOVEL TOUCH SCREEN University of California, Los Angeles TECHNOLOGY Jennifer Galamba, B.A. & Koleen McCrink Ph.D. Barnard College of Columbia University 12:15-1:15 Lunch Math Courtyard SUPER-RECOGNITION AND PROSOPAGNOSIA IN THE UK POPULATION Sumner Lambert, Dr. Ashok Jansari 1:30 – 2:30 Keynote Address University of East London, London Science 420-040 Museum, & Boston University
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND 2:45 – 4:15 Paper Session II CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION BY UNIVERSITY 420-040, 420-041, 380- STUDENTS 380C, 380-380W, 380-380X, 380-380Y Hallie Kraus Unversity of California: Santa Cruz
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM Room 420-040 AND INTERPERSONAL TRUST James A. Foster, Steven V. Rouse, & Elizabeth J. EFFECT OF GENDER AND SITUATIONAL Krumrei MOOD ON THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION Pepperdine University ERROR Veronica V. Calkins SEQUENCE LENGTH AND THE TEMPORAL University of California, Los Angeles DISCOUNTING OF PAYMENTS Jacob A. Gomez and Dr. Mary Kay Stevenson California State University East Bay VISUAL COGNITION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT THE UNDERLYING MOTIVATIONS FOR SELF- VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS DECEPTIVE ENHANCEMENT Mathes M. Burke III and J. Vincent Filoteo Michael P. Ennis, Jessica D. Biggs, Cameron A. University of California, San Diego Estes-Clifford, Carol A. Garcia, Carl L. Sittman California State University, Chico
______[ ]______11 IT CAME FROM MY FAMILY: THE University of California, Santa Cruz CONNECTION OF THE FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN RULES TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF YOUNG ADULTS Room 380-380W Mary Grace P. Cabaluna, Ma. Mercedes Lacuesta, Janine Anne M. Pascual Miriam College WORTH THE WEIGHT: HEAVIER ASIAN AMERICANS ARE SEEN AS MORE AMERICAN THE HEART'S HAND IN CREATIVITY: THE Caitlin S. Handron, Jennifer Wang, Sapna EFFECT OF COHERENCE MEDITATION Cheryan Beau D. Kissler University of Washington Sierra Nevada College & The Institute of HeartMath THE EFFECT OF THE COLOR RED ON ATTRACTIVENESS AND HIRABILITY Julia F. Bussberg, Emily J. Issler, & Holly E. Room 420-041 Bashore San Diego State University
A STUDY OF MOBILE INTERNET ADDICTION COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION: PERSONALITY WITH SMARTPHONES FACTORS AND CORRECTION Luke Shin Mikhail Budnikov Georgia Institute of Technology The Volgograd State Medical University
TELLING STORIES - TO CATCH A LIAR THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NOSTRILS IN Emiline Musarra IDENTIFYING COMMON ODORS University of California, Los Angeles Ralf Schuster San Diego State University DO FEMININE OBJECTS MODERATE THE LEVEL OF AGGRESSIVENESS IN PHYSICAL SPORTS? Room 380-380X Lan B. Tran, & Kristin Belessis Green Mountain College UNDERSTANDING ACTIVE PROCRASTINATION: SELF-EFFICACY AND Room 380-380C TIME PRESSURE AS PREDICTORS Jennie Mae P. Andres, Marian Jessieca C. De Leon, Dennise Adrianne A. Libongco, Dianne THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE LOAD AND Paula P. Tiosan TEMPERAMENT ON SELECTIVE ATTENTION Miriam College Melissa Latham University of San Francisco EFFECTS OF RECENT LIFE STRESS ON ANHEDONIC SYMPTOMS IN DEPRESSION EFFECTS OF COACHING EFFICACY ON DIFFER BY TYPE OF STRESS INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM OUTCOMES Robert Manley, George M. Slavich, Nancy Brett Neely, Jr., Graig Chow, Tara Scanlan Brooks, & Diego Pizzagalli University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Mclean DISCRIMINATION AND TRAUMA PREDICT Hospital/ Harvard Medical School DEPRESSION: THE CASE OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS POST-9/11 INTO THE WIRED WILD Zahra Murtaza Kayleen Avery, & Marsha Weinraub University of California, Berkeley Temple University
PARENTS’ CAREERS AND CHILDREN’S POSSIBILITY JUDGMENTS Blaney McDonough, & Briana Bernstein
______[ ]______12 UNDERGRADUATE GERONTOLOGICAL CAREER INTEREST: LINKING Room 380-380Y INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTEDNESS AND AGEISM Karen Yang, Elizabeth J. Krumrei, & Tomas THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF Martinez THE CYBER DEPENDENCY SCALE Pepperdine University Ma. Alyssa Monica Castro, Maria Sophie Stella Gatab, Joana Therese Loyola, Cammille Anne PRE-STIMULUS CUE MODULATION Torres INCREASES RESPONSE ACCUARACY Miriam College DURING ATTENTION TASK Anya L. Baroff STUDENTS THAT WALK LOOKING DOWN: University of California, Santa Barbara TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL NETWORKING IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. THE EFFECTS OF LEARNING MODALITIES ON Miriana Garza, María Mirón READING COMPREHENSION Universidad de Monterrey Jazmin Jones Yosemite High School AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES ON SINGLE TASKING AND MULTITASKING EFFICIENCY RECALLING INFORMATION: HANDWRITTEN Hanna Karina M. Abellera, Rojani M. Bathan, NOTES VS. TYPED NOTES Michelle Angela T. Bonsay & Katrina Lai Z. Dizon Karen S. Duran Miriam College Sierra Nevada College
BEYOND BODY SATISFACTION: DOES SELF- MAXIMAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY AT COMPASSION PROMOTE A HEALTHIER BODY PHYSICAL AND SUBJECTIVE ZERO IMAGE? CONTRAST Aubrey Toole, Juliana Breines, Serena Chen Alexandra E. Boehm, Jenny Bosten, Donald I. A. University of California, Berkeley Macleod University of California, San Diego
4:15 – 5:15 Poster Session II PHONOLOGICAL EFFECT ON LEXICON DECISION IN CHINESE: DO SKILLED READERS DEMONSTRATE LARGER Math Courtyard PHONOLOGICAL? Pui Pui Cheung University of Southern California EFFECTS OF SPACING IN MULTIMEDIA LEARNING THE ASSOCIATIONS OF CHILD Emiline Musarra EXTERNALIZING AND INTERNALIZING University of California, Los Angeles DISORDER SYMPTOMS WITH MULTI-DOMAIN PARENTAL STRESS THE EFFECTS OF DOODLING ON MEMORY Sofia T. Stepanyan, Shirag K. Shemmassian, & RECALL Steve S. Lee Jessica T. Kao University of California, Los Angeles Yosemite High School THE ASIAN INVASION, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, LEVELS OF PARENT INTERACTION AS AND THE ECONOMIC ROOTS BEHIND IT ALL PREDICTOR FOR ACADEMIC PEFORMANCE Jennifer Wan, James Telesford IN ADHD CHILDREN UC Berkeley Milica Sapungin, James Li, Steve Lee University of California at Los Angeles THE EFFECT OF NEUTRAL AND HUBRISTIC PRIDE ON CHARITABLE GIVING IN THE PUBLIC GOODS GAME Simone N. Radliff Yosemite High School
______[ ]______13 LATINO PRESCHOOLERS' SOCIO-EMOTIONAL PURCHASING BEHAVIOR AND RELATEDNESS DEVELOPMENT: CAREGIVER AND TEACHER Darwin A. Guevarra & Ryan T. Howell USE OF EVALUATION San Francisco State University Lauren Scarola New York University THE ROLE OF LIFE SATISFACTION IN NEGATIVE SELF-REFLECTION: ARE THERE RISK-TAKING BEHAVIORS IN FIRST CULTURAL DIFFERENCES? GENERATION IMMIGRANT ADOLESCENTS: Christopher Hur, Mai See Yang, and Ahra Ko THE ROLE OF ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AND University of California, Los Angeles SOCIAL SUPPORT Josephine M. Palmeri, Selcuk R. Sirin, Taveeshi CAN ULTIMATUM BARGAINING DECISIONS BE Gupta, & Sammy F. Ahmed ALTERED BY PRIMED THOUGHTS New York University Cynthia C. Flores & Dong-Wong Choi California State University East Bay THE POTENTIAL MODERATING ROLE OF CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS BETWEEN ADVANTAGED ALLIES? ENGAGING THE REACTIVE AND PROACTIVE AGGRESSION ON PRIVILEGED IN COLLECTIVE ACTION FOR CONDUCT DISORDER SOCIAL CHANGE Jacqueline Moses, Whitney A. Brammer, M.A., Fabian M. H. Schellhaas, John F. Dovidio, & Elze and Steve S. Lee, Ph.D. G. Ufkes University of California, Los Angeles Yale University; University of Groningen; University of Twente THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCCESS MODELING AND FEAR OF SUCCESS IN Linguistics Courtyard COLLEGE STUDENTS Elizabeth Coe, Steven V. Rouse, and Elizabeth J. Krumrei EFFECTS OF MUSIC TEMPO ON COGNITIVE Pepperdine University SPEED AND ACCURACY Lucas D. Custer, Kyle J. Davidson, & Sylvia Luu FACTORS IN SUPPORT PROVISION QUALITY: Miami University THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AND CONTROLLABILITY OF THE STRESSFUL THE EFFECTS OF READING FROM EVENT TRADITIONAL PRINT (PAPERBACK BOOKS) Christina Khong, Josh Wiley, Heidi Kane Ph.D., COMPARED TO ELECTRONIC READERS ON Ted Robles Ph.D. READING COMPREHENSION University of California, Los Angeles Sarah Mosley Yosemite High School THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED THEORY OF MIND MEASURE DIGITAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION IN Christina A. Palmrose, Tasha M. Oswald, Louis J. CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG COLLEGE Moses STUDENTS. University of Oregon Matthew Bui University of California, Los Angeles POSITIVE PARENTING BEHAVIOR AND ADHD SYMPTOMS OVER TIME THE GOLDEN COMPASS: DETECTION OF Alice J.Y. Jung, Daniella Perez, Jocelyn Meza, INCLINATION IN A NOVEL CONDITIONING James J. Li, Steve S. Lee PARADIGM University of California-Los Angeles Merissa L. Acerbi, Verner P. Bingman and Cordula V. Mora THE RELATIONSHIP OF AMERICAN IDENTITY Bowling Green State University AND COLLECTIVISM ON SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM EMPATHIZING CAUSES DECLINES IN BLOOD Davis Vo, Linda Juang GLUCOSE: EGO DEPLETION OR STRESS University of California, Santa Barbara REGULATION? Ian Clark, Adam Sitzmann, Dr. Sara Konrath, Andrea Fuhrel-Forbis University of Michigan
______[ ]______14 PRIOR LEARNING INFLUENCES RAT'S TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING OF GLOBAL DECISION-MAKING STRATEGIES IN WARMING CONSEQUENCES AMBIGUOUS SITUATIONS Rebecca E. French Maria Cornejo, Cynthia Fast, & Aaron Blaisdell California State University East Bay Ph.D. University of California, Los Angeles THE RELATION BETWEEN TEXT MEDIUM AND CRITICAL READING SCORES EFFECTS OF POSITIVE SELF STATEMENTS Troy Mott ON EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING IN Sierra Nevada College DEPRESSION Pardis Khosravi "THE PHYSICAL BURDEN OF KEEPING A University of California, Berkeley SECRET" Harrison M. Wray, Michael L. Slepian, & Nalini THE EFFECTS OF THE PRESENCE OF Ambady REPRESENTATIVE INFORMATION ON THE Stanford University FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT Garrett Baltz THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCIDAL Yosemite High School IDEATION AND ANXIETY SEVERITY
Mathieu Rolfo, Vilma Gabbay, Benjamin A. Ely THE EFFECT OF A MANUALIZED GROUP New York University Child Study Center PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: HOW TO BUILD CORE POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY THE ROLE OF FACILITATION IN THE COMPETENCIES APPEARANCE OF COMPETITIVE VICTIMHOOD Laura Delizonna Ph.D., Ted Anstedt M.A., Bianca AND PERSPECTIVE TAKING BETWEEN Davoodian, Matthew Williams and Andrew GROUPS OF ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN Davoodian YOUTH Stanford University and University of California, Amber Romano, Andrew Pilecki, Phillip Hammack Berkeley University of California Santa Cruz
THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER-TYPICAL RACISM WITH AND WITHOUT RACISTS FACIAL FEATURES ON POLITICIAN Ilana-Ruth Bevan and Phillip Atiba Goff, Ph.D. JUDGMENTS University of California, Los Angeles Jen-Ling Nieh, Colleen Carpinella, & Kerri Johnson PERCEIVED INTOXICATION AFFECTS University of California, Los Angeles INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATION Cami J. Eickemeyer, & Jason A. Williams THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PARENTAL California Polytechnic State University MARITAL STATUS, PERCEIVED PARENTAL CONFLICT, AND AGGRESSION A STUDY ON SOCIAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY Jolene Young, Elizabeth J. Krumrei, and Cindy FILIPINO MIDDLE-AGED CHILDREN TO THEIR Miller-Perrin ELDERLY PARENTS Pepperdine University Daleon, Frances Anne T., Samson, Rachel E., & Geronimo, Mary Grace A. THREAT GOGGLES: HOW FEELING Ateneo de Manila University THREATENED DISTORTS OUR PERCEPTION OF FACE SIZE FOR BLACK FACES DOES EARLY CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENT Michael Creim, Ines Jurcevic, Jenessa R. AFFECT STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH Shapiro, & Kerri L. Johnson STRESS? University of California, Los Angeles Patil Kodichan, Keely A. Muscatell, and Naomi I. Eisenberger PROBLEM-FOCUSED AND EMOTION- University of California, Los Angeles FOCUSED COPING POTENTIAL IN ADJUSTMENT TO COLLEGE Elizabeth Spitzer Vanderbilt University
______[ ]______15 VOLUMETRIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Simon Choi University of California, Davis
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LATERODORSAL SEGMENTAL NUCLEUS NUCLEUS SINGLE UNIT ACTIVITY IN THE FREELY NAVIGATING RAT. Chantelle Kinzel, Van Redilla, Sheri Mizumori University of Washington
5:30 Q&A on Pursuing
Careers in Psychology
Basement of 420
______[ ]______16 equation modeling are used to explore the Paper Session I motivational underpinnings of the moral Abstracts foundations. Consistent with expectations derived from recent work in political psychology – namely motivated social cognition (Jost et al., 2009) – the three “binding” foundations (in-group loyalty, respect for authority, purity) are motivated by Room 420-040 epistemic rigidity and high threat sensitivity, while the two “individualizing” foundations (harm,
fairness) are related to empathic sensitivity. THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS Implications for moral and political psychology, as COMMITMENTS ON PERCEPTIONS OF GUILT well as the future development of moral Davis M. Vo, Kimberly Hartson, David Sherman foundations theory, are discussed. University of California, Santa Barbara
ASSERTIVENESS AND APPROVAL What causes people to change their attitudes and MOTIVATION AS IT RELATES TO DECEPTION behaviors dramatically without them knowing Laura M. Dimler & Jennifer A. Harriger it? How can people be induced to accept and Pepperdine University justify a crime in one context but not the other? The present work looks at how continuous This research assessed the relationship between commitments shape perceptions of guilt. In this levels of assertiveness, levels of approval study, participants were asked to read a scenario seeking, and categories of lies (conflict avoidance, describing a bar fight between two students. The self-gain, altruistic, and social acceptance lies). scenario starts with verbal insults and gradually Participants included 148 undergraduates (48.0% escalates to murder. Half of the participants male; 50.7% female;) that completed made commitments to the perpetrator’s behavior demographic information and three questionnaires by rating the appropriateness of perpetrator’s designed to measure levels of assertiveness, behavior repeatedly while reading the scenario, acceptability of specific types of lies, and the need while the other half did not. Results show that for social approval.. Regression analyses suggest participants who were assigned in the that a higher need for approval from others commitment condition viewed the perpetrator as predicts a higher acceptability of conflict less guilty than participants who made no avoidance lies and social acceptance lies. commitments to the perpetrator’s behavior. This Additional findings imply that further research study demonstrates the power of gradual regarding assertiveness and social approval in escalation to alter individuals’ perceptions of the relation to the acceptability of deception and the same crime. Individuals are more lenient towards motivations behind types of lies is warranted. another’s transgressions if they gradually make judgments as a situation develops. HE LOVES ME? HE LOVES ME NOT? SELF-
ESTEEM INFLUENCES AFFECTIVE
RESPONSES TO COMPLIMENTS FROM MORAL FOUNDATIONS AS MOTIVATED ROMANTIC PARTNERS SOCIAL COGNITION: AN EMPIRICAL ATTEMPT Zhenni Wu, Anna Luerssen, Ozlem Ayduk TO UNDERSTAND DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY University of California, Berkeley LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES VIEW
MORALITY Individuals with low self-esteem have been found Michael Strupp-Levitsky to display cognitive processing biases in response New York University to positive feedback, such as underestimating the
positivity of the feedback, doubting its credibility, Moral Foundations Theory (Graham & Haidt, and failing to remember it overtime. These biases 2007), which traces the source of individual are presumed to reflect self-verification motives – differences in moral intuition to five distinct, the desire for individuals to been seen in ways evolved sources, has become increasingly consistent with how they see themselves, even if influential in the study of individual differences in they hold negative self-views. In contrast, social and political attitudes. The present research has generally shown that affective research integrates the findings of moral responses to positive feedback are similar across foundations theory with the broader motivated low and high self-esteem individuals, with positive social cognition literature. Survey data and a feedback increasing positive and decreasing combination of regression analysis and structural
______[ ]______17 negative emotions. These studies, however, have a result of upward social comparison. On the largely limited their measurement to other hand, those subjected to the low attractive consummatory emotion (how one feels during an and low sociability condition were predicted to experience) and ignored anticipatory emotion report higher self-esteem and body image due to (how one expects to feel). We hypothesized that downward comparison. Additionally, because individuals with low self-esteem may anticipate highly attractive people are generally perceived as feeling less positive emotion and more negative being more social (i.e. popular), the sociability of emotion (anxiety) during experiences of positive the target was predicted to have more of an effect feedback, even if they indeed end up feeling in the unattractive condition than in the attractive good. If so, anticipatory feelings may prevent the condition. Data analysis revealed that those who individual from seeking out, or even motivate them viewed the high attractive, high social wall had to avoid, experiences of positive feedback. To significantly higher body esteem than those who evaluate this question we conducted an extensive viewed the high attractive, low social wall. The study with romantic couples in which one partner results found were not consistent with typical gave the other a compliment. We evaluated social comparison research findings. The social whether self-esteem was related to the component of SNSs appears to alter the effects of compliment receiver’s anticipatory and attractiveness on body image. Implications of this consummatory (positive and negative) emotion. study suggest there may be differences in the way We found that 1) the compliment receiver’s social comparisons are made via Social anticipated and experienced positive emotion was Networking Sites versus in person or through directly related to their partner’s self-esteem (not other forms of media. their own), and 2) as predicted, compliment receivers’ with low self-esteem anticipated feeling A CONTEXTUAL VIEW ON CHILDREN'S more anxiety during the conversation than those AGGRESSION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL with high self-esteem. There was, however, no RESPONSE relationship between self-esteem and how Joseph Leshin, Sara Berzenski, Tuppett Yates anxious they actually ended up feeling during the Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo & University of conversation. California, Riverside
Although the literature suggests that individuals Room 420-041 with relatively low heart rates (HR) tend to be more aggressive (e.g., Gottman, et. al, 1995; Raine, Brennan, Farrington, & Mednick, 1997; SOCIAL COMPARISON ON FACEBOOK: THE Calkins & Dedmon, 2000), little is known about if EFFECTS OF VIEWING FACEBOOK ON SELF- and how this relation varies according to context. ESTEEM AND BODY IMAGE The goal of this study is to examine whether the Autumn Empson, Laura Fewell, Signe Feldman, relation between aggression and HR differs Kristin L. Kiddoo & J. Andrew Albers across environmental or physiological conditions Saint Louis University and/or different forms of aggression. A group of children (N = 60; 67% female) completed a Previous research has indicated that self-esteem laboratory study at age 6, during which we and body image are affected by social comparison collected HR data during baseline and challenge factors such as attractiveness, popularity and tasks (i.e., listening to a story and solving a success. One of the most common ways in which difficult puzzle) and aggression data through both social comparisons are made today is via social questionnaire and observational measures (i.e., networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook. The observing children play with a blow-up “Bobo” present research explored the impact of social clown toy). Further, we collected children’s comparison factors of attractiveness and experiences with risk (e.g., poverty, maltreatment, sociability on self-esteem and body image as etc.) via parent and child reports. Using these made through an SNS. One hundred four female data, the proposed investigation explores: 1) participants viewed Facebook profiles and relations between HR and aggression as completed a series of questionnaires assessing influenced by the context of HR measurement state self-esteem and personal body image (i.e., challenge vs. rest), the form of aggression satisfaction. It was predicted that participants (i.e., observed versus reported; proactive vs. subjected to the high (vs. low) attractive condition reactive), and children's risk exposure (i.e., and the high (vs. low) sociability condition would relational versus environmental), 2) relations report lower state self-esteem and body image as between risk and HR, and 3) relations between
______[ ]______18 risk and aggression. Our preliminary analyses more directly answer this question, by looking for revealed differential relations between resting HR the ways that Buddhist teachings (as interpreted and reactive aggression as a function of children’s by adherents) are congruent with holistic thought. risk exposure. Relative to low risk children, Because this is the first empirical study to do this, children experiencing environmental risk factors the chosen method was open-ended interviews. demonstrated lower resting HRs with high rates of 46 interviews were conducted with Buddhists, and aggression, while children exposed to were then transcribed and independently coded. maltreatment risk factors showed higher resting We found a number of areas where Buddhist HRs with high rates of aggression. philosophy is congruent with holistic cognitive tendencies, including epistemological PARENT/GUARDIAN SATISFACTION WITH preferences, descriptions of death and HIGH SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: A SOCIAL reincarnation, and beliefs about the self. By COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE investigating the ways in which a specific Dale Dong institution may be tied to cultural differences in Lincoln High School cognition, this study adds to our understanding of how these differences are formed and maintained. A statistical analysis of 1273 parent/guardian self- Additionally, implications for psychology of religion administered surveys conducted at Lincoln High are considered. School in northern California found that both social and cognitive factors predicted parents’/guardians’ satisfaction with school performance. The study showed that parents who Room 380-380C constantly seek information about their children through reading the school’s newsletter, visiting TRANSFERENCE AND SOCIAL POWER the school’s website, and checking Powerschool Bryan Dickerson (a web-based student information system), are UC Berkeley more likely to be satisfied with the school’s performance (e.g., school safety, achievement In transference, an individual’s representation of a recognition, and staff members’ service). The significant other is activated during encounters study suggested that parents, who believed they with new others, leading to shifts in perception, are well informed, are also more likely to be evaluation, and behavior regarding the new satisfied with the institution. person (Andersen & Glassman, 1996; Chen & Bandura’s social cognitive theory is used to Andersen, 1999). Extending previous research, it explain how parents’ satisfaction with the school’s was hypothesized that power role dynamics performance (behavioral factor) can be regulated should be stored in memory within a significant- through an interaction of being vicariously other representation and thus should be activated involved in their students’ school activities (social during transference encounters. A two-session factor) and believing that they are well informed transference experiment was employed in which of school events (cognitive factor). participants first reported information about their These results helped school administrators, relationship with a significant other to whom they parents, and students become actively engaged, were an authority figure. Participants later making the high school an effective educational returned for an experimental session in which they setting for its students. expected to interact with a new person who either resembled their significant other or not, and who BUDDHISM, CULTURE, AND COGNITION shared the same power role as their significant Leif Sigerson other or not. As expected, transference led UC Berkeley participants to express elevated optimism and positive affect, consistent with the high-power Recent work in cultural psychology has found authority role they typically possess with their consistent cultural differences in cognition. One significant other. Moreover, transference effects central finding is the distinction between analytic were independent of the manipulation of authority and holistic thought. In many countries where role. Buddhism is an important cultural institution, researchers have found that holistic thought is CHILDREN LEARNING IN MUSEUM SETTINGS common, and a number of researchers have Gavin Y Fung, Maureen Callanan speculated on the role of Buddhist teachings in University of California, Santa Cruz supporting holistic thought. This study aims to
______[ ]______19 activity in response to a dopamine D1 agonist, Previous experimental research suggests that allowing us to examine the relationship between children can benefit from both pedagogical and general cognitive ability and dopaminergic D1 exploratory learning with parents. However, how signaling. Our results indicated significant do these parent-child interactions play out in a differences in D1-dependent Fos expression naturalistic learning environment? And do they between mice of high and low general cognitive vary depending on whether the task is goal- abilities in the medial prefrontal cortex, with lesser directed? Parent-child interactions were collected differences observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal at a gear exhibit in Children’s Discovery Museum cortex. These findings suggest a modulatory role of San Jose and are coded in two modes: of the D1 receptor protein and its gene precursor, Directive and Exploration. The Directive mode DRD1a, in the general cognitive abilities and covers parent-child interactions that revolve working memory of rodents. around direct teaching and the exploration mode covers interactions where parent and child GENDERED LANGUAGE AND SEXISM: THE partake in exploring the exhibit without direct EFFECTS OF “HE” LANGUAGE IN RELIGION teaching. We are interested in whether these Asha Weisman interactions change if the exhibit has an Loyola Marymount University embedded goal, where the gears can be used to spin an out of reach object. Parent-child Sexism is a social problem and often evident in interaction between two types of gear exhibit, one language used. Sexism occurs frequently when with a goal and one without, will be compared. the allegedly generic "men" is used to refer to Preliminary coding is revealing a third common people in general. The use of the generic "he" form of parent-child interaction where the parent may become particularly problematic when used scaffolds the child’s participation. We predict that in a religious context in reference to God. Directive teaching would occur more often with a Referring to God as male may leave women goal present. We hope to shed light on how goal feeling excluded. Furthermore, such language oriented activities influence how parents and implies a hierarchy in which a masculine God is children interact with one another in a naturalistic most powerful, suggesting male domination over learning environment. women. The current research was designed to examine the potential effects that gendered DOPAMINE SIGNALING IN THE PREFRONTAL religious language has on individual's attitudes CORTEX AS A REGULATOR OF GENERAL toward themselves and toward women. COGNITIVE ABILITIES Participants (N = 279), who were recruited Alessandro Pizzo, Christopher Wass, Louis D. through the Human Subjects Pool at LMU, Matzel completed an online study regarding religion and Rutgers University worldviews. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which they were The “g” factor (i.e., general intelligence) explains exposed either to a male or gender-neutral God. the correlations that exist between subjects' Participants then completed questionnaires performance across different cognitive tests. This measuring attitudes toward women, self-esteem, factor, as well as general cognitive abilities and identification with one's gender. In contrast to expressed by rodents, has been shown to prediction, gendered language did not have any correlate with working memory, which is significant effects. This fact in itself is significant. It composed of storage and executive components. is hypothesized that this occurred because sexism Therefore, we have assessed the general in religious language is so engrained in American cognitive ability in mice by using a wide variety of culture that it is impossible to see outside this learning tasks intended to tax working memory, context. and more specifically, its executive component, i.e., selective attention. It has been demonstrated that dopamine D1 signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex plays a role in modulating selective attention. After behavioral testing on a battery of learning tasks, immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess D1 signaling in two brain areas (medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Specifically, Fos expression was used to identify dopaminergic
______[ ]______20 shift caused by the color red - perhaps certain neural pathways are inhibited and more acoustic Room 380-380W information is needed for perception of an auditory event. This study examines the effect of red-
flooded visual field on auditory perception of a HAVE CAUCASIAN-AMERICANS BECOME voice masked by white noise. Non-schizophrenic COLOR AND GENDER BLIND?: A NATIONAL participants were run on 225 randomized trials. SURVEY INDICATING STARTLING They were asked if they heard a voice among the DEPARTURES FROM RAPE ATTRIBUTION white noise then asked to rate certainty on a 1 to TRENDS 10 scale. Of these, 113 presentations were red I. Blaze Javier-Mandela and 112 were green. There was a small, but Georgia State University reliable effect of flooding the visual field with the
color red; participants identified the masked voice In previous studies with Caucasian respondents, less often in white noise when presented in race and gender have been shown to significantly tandem with a red screen. This suggests that red influence assumptions and perceptions about alters the auditory perception criterion, though it accusations of rape. However, these literature remains unclear whether this is due to perceptual trends are shaped disproportionately by research changes, physical changes (neural inhibition and conducted in the 1970-1980s (Grubb & Harrower, the like), or some combination. 2008). This study seeks to explore if previous findings represent anachronistic or current ELEVATED REJECTION SENSITIVITY AND ITS Caucasian views by using a contemporary IMPACT ON SYMPTOMATIC AND sample. The attribution of believability, PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES IN EUTHYMIC responsibility and sentencing is measured in a PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR I DISORDER vignette by presenting four possible pairings: 1) Tommy Ng, Sheri L. Johnson White victim/White perpetrator 2) White University of California, Berkeley victim/Black perpetrator 3) Black victim/White perpetrator 4) Black victim/Black perpetrator. The A growing body of evidence has accumulated researcher’s original data set is comprised of over the last decade to suggest that patients with respondents (n=446) from a nationally distributed bipolar disorder are much more likely to commit survey, and is analyzed for significant differences suicide when they are in depressive states than in using separate 4x2 ANOVAs in SPSS statistical manic states, underlining the importance of analysis. The p-values of the ANOVAs were not examining mechanisms that are linked to bipolar statistically significant. The findings of the study depression. The present study investigated the illustrate staggering departures from literature effect of rejection sensitivity, conceptualized as a trends: race and gender did not predict attribution disposition to anticipate, perceive, and overreact under any tested circumstances for this population to cues of rejection, on symptomatic and of Caucasian-Americans. The race of the psychosocial outcomes in bipolar disorder. Fifty- participants, contemporary societal expectations three participants diagnosed with remitted bipolar or the connotative effects of the attribution I disorder using the SCID were compared to forty- questions may explain the unprecedented gender four matched controls with no history of mood and race egalitarianism in the results. disorder. People with bipolar I disorder reported higher levels of rejection sensitivity than did RED MEANS STOP: THE EFFECT OF COLOR controls even during remission. In addition, ON AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS rejection sensitivity was significantly correlated Sawicka, M., Patten, K.J., Holloway, S.R., with depression, but not mania, at baseline and 6- McBeath, M.K. month follow-up after controlling for baseline Arizona State University symptomatology. Higher rejection sensitivity was also associated with poorer quality of life, worse One way schizophrenia manifests itself is as psychological well-being, and fewer social auditory hallucinations. Recent studies have support. Findings highlight the importance of shown that masking the eyes of schizophrenics interpersonal-cognitive factors for understanding with a red lens decreases occurrences of auditory depression and psychosocial outcomes within hallucinations. This is of particular interest to bipolar I disorder. those treating schizophrenia through non- psychopharmacological methods. It is theorized that hallucination reduction is due to a criterion
______[ ]______21 OUTGROUP NARRATIVE RECOGNITION OF survey in which they indicated their level of ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN YOUTH AND THE acculturation to U.S. and Mexican cultural EFFECTS OF THIRD PARTY INVOLVEMENT practices. Adolescents also reported on family Carissa Aresta, Ella Ben Hagai, Andrew Pilecki, functioning and their well-being Contrary to the and Philip Hammack acculturation gap-distress model, adolescents did University of California, Santa Cruz not acculturate more than their parents. In fact, 17% of parents were more oriented towards U.S. Recent research in the social sciences suggests cultural practices than their children and 25% had that class and ethnic conflict are better described equal levels of acculturation. Results also suggest as a struggle over recognition and mis-recognition that as adolescents acculturate more to the host of identities than solely a struggle over resources culture than the parents, it actually created a (Geertz, 1973). In this study, we examine the protective factor, decreasing family conflict (r=- conditions that are associated with an increase in .15, p<.01) and youth maladjustment (self-esteem: recognition of the out-group identity during an r= -.08, p<.05; internalizing symptoms: r=-.39, intergroup dialog encounter. Data for this study p<.01). Findings suggest that the acculturation was based on transcripts of a two week gap-distress model may not be accurate and coexistence camp with Israeli, Palestinian, and faster adolescent acculturation may be beneficial. American adolescents. We compared two Future research should examine if an conversational conditions; one in which the acculturation gap may be advantageous rather participants discussed the history of the conflict than unfavorable. with little participation from the third party, and one in which they focused on present events with LEARNING WORDS THROUGH an active third party involvement. The results RESPONSIVENESS TO JOINT ATTENTION IN indicate a significantly greater amount of AUTISTIC CHILDREN instances in which members of the out-group Jane Lee, Nancy Le acknowledged and articulated the in-group University of California, Los Angeles narrative in the second condition as compared to the first for Israeli participants only. The Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) implications of this study point to the importance may be less responsive to social cues and less of emphasizing third party active participation and skilled at using them to make word-object focusing discussion on the present reality as associations than typically developing (TD) opposed to history in order to create more children (Baron-Cohen et al., 1997). But other moments of identity recognition between Israeli research suggests that children with ASD can use and Palestinian adolescents. social cues to effectively guide word-object associations (Luyster et al., 2009). The current study uses eye-tracking and in-person measures Room 380-380X of responsiveness to joint attention (RJA) to assess whether 3-6 year old children with ASD display less joint attention and have more difficulty using a speaker’s attention to learn novel words THE ACCULTURATION GAP DISTRESS than TD children do. Difference scores for in- MODEL: BENEFICIAL OR MALADAPTIVE? person and eye-tracking RJA were unrelated to MIchelle Pasco, Eva H. Telzer, Andrew J. Fuiligni autism status, age, or nonverbal mental age. University of California, Los Angeles However, autistic children showed fewer correct transitions than TD children. Word learning The acculturation gap-distress model purports that following in-person social cues was related to immigrant children acculturate faster than their nonverbal mental age (NVMA) and chronological parents and this acculturation gap leads to family age, but not ASD. Consistent with findings of conflict and youth maladjustment (Telzer, 2011). Luyster et al., 2009, word learning following joint However, empirical support for the acculturation attention did not differ between children with and gap-distress model has been inconclusive. In the without ASD. However, we observed differences current study, we examine whether Mexican- in transitions to correct versus incorrect object. American adolescents acculturate at a faster pace Our findings suggest that, in low-functioning than their parents and whether this acculturation autistic children, difficulties using social cues to gap leads to family conflict and youth learn words may be due to age and NVMA rather maladjustment. Mexican-American adolescents than autism. and their parents (N=428 families) completed a
______[ ]______22 MATERNAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY DURING participants were asked to hold a grudge against PREGNANCY: A PREDICTOR OF LOWER their transgressor or forgive them. Participants in POSTPARTUM EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY? the grudge condition reported more negative Natasha Maki Yamane emotions and performed worse on the Stroop task Barnard College than those who forgave their transgressor. There was also a significant interaction between Although postpartum psychopathology in mothers dispositional empathy and condition. Participants has been shown as an important predictor of low on empathy performed equally well on the mother-child attachment and other child Stroop task regardless of condition, but those high developmental outcomes, little is known about the on empathy performed better in the forgiveness formation of mother-child attachment and its condition than the grudge condition. These results associated interactions and behaviors in relation suggest that forgiving is less depleting and to antepartum psychopathology. A longitudinal demanding of cognitive resources than holding a study tested whether maternal psychopathology grudge, and particularly so for those high on during pregnancy was a predictor of lower dispositional empathy. postpartum emotional availability in a sample of twenty-six pairs of mother-child dyads. Mothers were assessed for symptoms of depression and Room 380-380Y anxiety around the third trimester of their pregnancies and when their children were 4.5 years of age. At 4.5 years postpartum, the JEWISH AMERICAN STEREOTYPING emotional availability of each mother-child dyad TOWARDS MUSLIM AMERICANS IN COLLEGE was also assessed in a 15-min play interaction AGE STUDENTS with a zoo set that was followed by clean-up. Megan Ziman, Ella Ben-Hagai, Phillip L. Results of the current study suggest three main Hammack findings on maternal and child behavior in relation UC Santa Cruz to maternal psychopathology: 1) in support of previous findings, mothers with postpartum Factors causing Jewish-American stereotyping diagnoses of psychopathology displayed lower toward Muslim-Americans levels of Sensitivity toward their children, who in In recent years there has been a rise in tension turn were less willing to involve their mothers in between Muslim-American and Jewish-American the interactions; 2) mothers who were diagnosed students on college campuses (Sheridan, 2006). with psychopathology during their pregnancies In this study we examine possible factors that were observed to display lower levels of Non- contribute to negative stereotyping of Muslim hostility toward their children; and 3) self-reported Americans by Jewish American college students. depressive symptomatology was found to be Based on different social psychological theories, inversely correlated with maternal Sensitivity and we test the extent to which factors such as; strong Non-intrusiveness. This study proposes that in-group identification (Tajfel, 1974; Hammack, incidence of maternal psychopathology during Pilecki, Caspi & Strauss, 2011), negative contact pregnancy is associated with a lower quality of (Allport,1954; Pettigrew, 2007), negative affect mother-child interactions, which may be a (Islam & Hewstone, 1993), authoritarian predictor of an impaired mother-child bond and personality (McFarland, 1999) and perceived negative child developmental outcomes. societal norms (Crandell, 2002) predict negative stereotyping of the out-group. A survey of 177 IS FORGIVENESS DEPLETING?: THE Jewish American college students indicates that COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF FORGIVENESS the best predictors to holding negative VERSUS HOLDING A GRUDGE stereotypes of Muslim Americans stem from Atrina Brill, Jennifer Stellar, Dacher Keltner perceived societal norms. To a lesser extent University of California, Berkeley authoritarian personality also contributed to predicting an individual’s negative stereotyping of Although research suggests that forgiving can be the out-group. The result points to the importance difficult, perhaps even depleting, we aim to of creating a constructive dialogue between provide evidence that forgiveness is less depleting Jewish Americans and Muslim Americans about than the alternative of holding a grudge. the conflict in the Middle East. Participants recalled an instance when someone had hurt them. The Stroop task, a measure of executive function, was assessed after
______[ ]______23 FACE TO FACEBOOK: AN EXPLORATION OF triggered by a notable negative experience. It is ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKING AND ITS mostly experienced physically, cognitively, and EFFECTS ON EMPATHY. affectively. The quantitative data show that there Karly Larson, Ron Arbel, Kovyon Wright, Amy are no significant relationships among math Packard anxiety, performance and motivation. These can Foothill College be explained by the factors that have emerged from the responses of the participants such as a) In recent years, social networking sites like personal factors b) social factors c) environmental Facebook have been used for everything from factors. The study also reveals that the planning birthday parties to organizing the latest participants cope with math anxiety by justifying, revolution. They have created a wealth of compensating, cheating and avoiding math opportunities to connect with others, but what are related tasks. the social implications of substituting the use of online networking for face-to-face interactions? More specifically, does the increase in Facebook Poster Session I usage affect our ability to empathize? There is a Abstracts growing body of literature addressing the effects of social networking on communication and social capital, however there is little research that Math Courtyard directly measures its effects on an individual's ability to read affective cues. The purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between ON SELF-EFFICACY, FAMILY, AND FIRST empathy, the ability to read social cues, and GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS Facebook usage. One hundred and sixty-five ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND CAREER participants were recruited to complete an online GOALS survey which included questions on Facebook Jose L. Ochoa, Michael J. Levine, and Margarita duration and usage, demographic information, Azmitia and measures of empathy and social perception. University of California, Santa Cruz Participants who spent more time on Facebook showed higher scores on empathy measures of First generation of college students are less likely personal distress and less accuracy in identifying to graduate from 4-year institutions than non-first nonverbal social cues. These results have generation students. Self-efficacy, family capital, widespread implications regarding the popularity family obligations, and students’ sense of of social networking sites and their possible belonging contribute to these students’ academic negative effects on empathy and social cognition. performance and persistence. We surveyed 167 first generation diverse college students (77% ISA..DALAWA..TAKBO! SA MATH AKO'Y female) attending a public university to assess the KABADO! A STUDY ON FILIPINO MATH association between (1) family capital and ANXIOUS STUDENTS obligations; (2) self-efficacy; (3) sense of Jade Marrise T. Grageda, Carmen Lloyd L. Rojas, belonging; and their (4) GPA and career goals. Alyssa Adia S. Villamayor, Rachelle Anne G. There were no ethnic-group differences in self- Santos efficacy and family emotional capital, but ethnic Miriam College minority participants were more likely than European-heritage participants to indicate that This study aims to explore math anxiety in the they were persisting in college to repay their Philippine context by probing on the subjective families for sacrifices they made to send them to experiences of the selected math anxious college and because their parents had not had the students and testing the relationship of math opportunity to attend. Latino participants: (1) had anxiety to other variables using a mixed-method lower GPAs and were significantly more likely approach. The scores of 132 participants on than Asian- or European-heritage participants to Revised Math Anxiety Rating Scale, Student report that (2) parents and older college-going Motivation Questionnaire, and their math grades siblings provided academic capital but could not were correlated using Pearsons-r to test their provide financial capital for tuition and living relationships. The eight highest scoring students expenses; and (3) they were mentoring younger were interviewed about their math experiences. siblings. Most participants (62%), but especially Their responses were analyzed using content ethnic minorities (89%), reported that they often analysis. The results show that math anxiety is felt they did not belong at the university and had
______[ ]______24 experienced discrimination from peers, faculty, or symptomatology and youth gender in light of staff. parental behavior is also explored. Noteworthy findings suggest that anxiety and depressive FAILED TESTING EFFECT: INFLUENCE OF symptoms in mothers predict an increase in DELAYING RECALL AND FEEDBACK negative behavior and a decrease in positive Yue Yu, Veronica Yan, Robert A. Bjork behavior towards youth in both mothers and University of California, Los Angeles fathers, while symptomatology in fathers only significantly predicts his own behavioral Kornell, Hays & Bjork (2009) showed that errors, withdrawal. Understanding the interpersonal followed by feedback, enhanced learning. One nature of the family system, as well as its role in important question to answer is the fate of their youth socialization, this study forwards several initial errors. In our experiment 1, we present implications for healthy child development, family participants with 60 related cue: target word pairs. therapy, and prevention efforts. For half the pairs, participants are first asked to guess what the target is, given the cue, before OUTCOMES OF PARENTAL INVESTMENT IN being shown the answer (e.g. Table: __; pretest HIGH RISK CHILDREN condition), or they simply studied the cue-target Rachel Samec pair in the study condition (e.g. Table: Chair). University of California, Santa Barbara After a 24-hour delay, participants were asked to recall both their initial guesses and the correct Past research has determined that parents with answers. A previous study showed that memory medically at risk children are at greater risk for low for errors was high at a 5 minute delay. Will levels of investment and maltreatment. This study participants still recall errors well, and if so, will assesses the combined effects of child risk history these errors interfere with access to the correct and parental investment on child responses to a answers at a longer delay? In Experiment 2, we threatening stimulus. Measures were taken of test the semantic activation hypothesis of the children’s risk status and parental investment unsuccessful testing effect. Previous studies have levels. While engaged in play activities, children shown that delaying feedback eliminates the were exposed to stimuli that were either neutral (a testing effect. Will asking participants to retrieve speaker with a calm voice) or threatening (an their initial guesses before delayed feedback angry voice). A significant interaction was found reinstate semantic activation and reinstate the between the child’s risk status, parental unsuccessful effect? investment levels, and type of stimulus. High risk children whose parents showed high levels of THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP: investment were the most likely to visually attend EXAMINING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN to the potentially threatening stimulus and least DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN likely to attend to the neutral stimulus. Findings PARENTS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS were interpreted as showing that high risk children YOUTH with a history of high parental investment respond Chelsea L. Massoud adaptively to novel social events. University of Southern California THE EFFECTS OF MOODS AND PAYOFFS IN This study is a secondary data analysis of LEXICAL DECISION MAKING research collected from the USC Family Studies Mehgha Shyam,Emmanuel Kumar, Michael Project, a longitudinal study of a convenience Shvartsman, Richard Lewis PhD. sample of 180 families from the Los Angeles area. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The purpose of this study is to analyze how parental psychopathology, specifically depression Mood is known to affect cognitive performance, and anxiety as measured by the SCL-90, shapes but in ways that are sometimes unclear. Previous the behavior that parents exhibit towards their research has shown us that negative mood can children during a family conflict discussion. It is lead to better performance, because participants hypothesized that parents with higher scores on tend to use a systematic approach to tackle the the Depression and Anxiety Dimensions of the task. However, relatively little is known about the SCL-90 will exhibit more negative behaviors (such mechanisms by which mood exerts its effects. In as behavior withdrawal and criticism) and less this study we address the specific question of how positive behaviors (such as nonverbal displays of mood affects the strategies by which people affection and support) toward the youth during this manage speed-accuracy tradeoffs in a simple discussion. The interaction between reading task. In particular, we focus on strategic
______[ ]______25 changes in the moment-to-moment control of eye- ANTICIPATED EARLY DEATH AND RISKY movements in a lexical decision task under BEHAVIORS IN INCARCERATED varying pressures on speed and accuracy. We ADOLESCENTS expect that basic eye-movements will change as a Jordan Daylor; Amy Lansing, Phd; Lisa Hecht function of mood, which could influence the speed University of California, San Diego of information processing directly affecting how quick a decision is made. Our new study, will use Understanding the factors that contribute to the PANAS-X scale to measure mood before the adolescent criminal behavior is critical; the high task, and explore how ambient moods, task, and rates of recidivism have both public safety and the payoffs together shape the strategies monetary consequences. Previous studies have participants employ. Positive affect facilitates found an association between “anticipated early cognitive flexibility allowing participants to death” (AED), or the belief that one will die at a differentiate between real/fake words correctly, so young age, and delinquency (Brezina, Tekin & we predict that P.A. will lead to greater Topalli, 2009; Hoffman, 2004); however, the performance in the payoff emphasizing accuracy, mechanism behind the relationship has not been whereas other affective states will improve empirically explored. Anticipated early death may performance in the payoff emphasizing speed. predict delinquency due to a disregard for long- term consequences (Brezina et al., 2009), and if EFFECT OF COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL OF so, we would expect to see an association EMOTIONAL DISTRESS ON ATTENTIONAL between AED and other risky behaviors besides CONTROL delinquency, such as self injury and risky sexual Danni Ji, Darren Liu behaviors. Furthermore, we would expect University of California, Los Angeles impulsivity, as well as a cognitive fixation on the present (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Emotional distress can have a significant impact Task), to mediate the relationship between AED on attentional control. In this study, we and risky behavior. We collected data from investigated the impact of distressing events on a incarcerated adolescents of San Diego County to cross-modal attention task. Participants alternated assess the relationship between anticipated early between viewing images and an audio-visual death and three types of risk behaviors (criminal attention task. For the image task, participants activity, non-suicidal self injury and risky sexual viewed either neutral or distressing images and behavior), and to determine the role impulsivity rated subsequent distress on a 10-point Likert and a cognitive fixation on the present play in the scale. An audio-visual task immediately followed, relationship between anticipated early death and in which participants were given a cue to attend to risky behavior. only one modality. They then saw visual gratings while simultaneously hearing auditory tones. In THE EFFECTS OF TIME PRESSURE AND CELL addition, we also investigated the effect of PHONE DISTRACTION ON STANDARDIZED cognitive reappraisal of the distressing events on TEST PERFORMANCE that same task. To do so, participants were asked Carolyn A. Liesen, Amanda M. Meyer, Kim M. to come up with a caption prior to rating their Bieda, Kiley E. Enno, Kristin L. Kiddoo distress. We found that in the auditory modality, Saint Louis University participant performance significantly worsened after the captioning task, as compared to simply In college, test taking is a common occurrence viewing distressing images. We also found a that every undergraduate student experiences. In similar trend in the visual modality, such that addition to factors that students are able to participants showed poorer performance following control, such as time spent studying, test the captioning task as opposed to simply viewing performance may be affected by outside distressing images. Overall, this may suggest that influences and distractions. Research shows that captioning as a reappraisal tool may worsen time pressure and distraction both result in lower attention, especially for auditory targets. It’s test performance, but the two have not been possible that reappraisal may require too many examined in conjunction with one another. This resources, and ultimately cause performance to study was conducted in order to look at the effects decrease. of time pressure and distraction on test performance. Participants completed a short-form ACT test either under time pressure or not and were subjected to an intermittent cell phone ring or not to examine the effects on test performance.
______[ ]______26 Since time pressure has been shown to induce themselves as having been more productive when anxiety, making one more susceptible to telecommuting (M = 3.3; SD = 1.26) than when in distraction, it was predicted that participants under the office setting (M = 2.7; SD = 1.14), there was time pressure would be especially affected by the no actual difference in measured performance cell phone distraction. (t(56)= -1.052, p = 0.298; r = -0.05), in terms of either volume or accuracy. Personality traits (as CHILDREN’S FICTIONAL NARRATIVES: measured using the Ten-Item Personality GENDER DIFFERENCES IN STORYTELLING Inventory [TIPI; Gosling, Renfrow, & Swann, Javanna Obregon 2003]) also predicted perceptions of performance New York University but not performance itself.
Children’s ideas about gender permeate various SEXUAL MINORITY IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT, aspects of their daily life, including their choice of ONSET OF SAME-SEX SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, toys, clothes, and friends as well as the stories AND HIV RISK OUTCOMES they share. Although middle childhood is a critical Elizabeth Glaeser period in fictional narrative development, most New York University Steinhardt School research has examined the intersection of gender and narratives only during the early childhood For young men who have sex with men (“YMSM”) years. This study sought to address this gap by same-sex sexual behavior often precedes sexual investigating various features of the fictional minority identification. The period prior to narratives told by 20 eight- to eleven-year-olds identification is a vulnerable time for high risk- boys and girls .Each child was recorded telling taking behaviors such as substance abuse and three fictional stories (two created and one using sexual risk-taking associated with HIV infection, a wordless picture book). Stories were transcribed as evidenced by the fact that YMSM are the and coded for: (1) conversational autonomy, (2) population at highest risk for HIV infection. narrative and linguistic complexity, and (3) types Previous research has focused on either sex of characters and conflicts. All children told well- behavior or sexual identity in understanding the structured stories independently using basic experiences and risks of these young men. The conflicts and characters as well as complex present study sought to examine how same-sex language. Results also showed both context and sexual behaviors are to related identity trajectories gender differences. Children used more complex and how these two variables might influence risk- language during the wordless book task. Girls taking behaviors among YMSM. Participants were used more types of characters and conflicts than 598 men who completed baseline assessments did boys. Results are discussed in relation to pertaining to first same-sex sexual experiences, gender and language socialization during the Gay/Bisexual/Transgender identity, sex behavior, middle childhood years. and drug use at age 18-19 as part of a larger NIMH-funded longitudinal study. Results indicated THE ENVIRONMENTAL ROLE OF negative, predictive relations between age of PRODUCTIVITY same-sex sexual onset and drug use, suggesting Zachary W. Duncan that timing of sexual minority identification may California Lutheran University serve as a protective factor against drug use and amount of sexual risk-taking. Results are Telecommuting has allowed employees to discussed in relation to the importance of fostering complete their work whenever and wherever they a healthy identity development among gay youth want, and a number of studies have shown that and suggest that the relation between behavior employees report increased productivity and and identity is non-linear. satisfaction with this working arrangement. A great shortcoming, however, is that each of these DID YOU GET IT?' - THE EFFECTS OF studies have failed to measure productivity UNDERSTANDING (OR NOT directly, relying instead on self-reports (e.g., UNDERSTANDING) A SATIRICAL PIECE OF “perceived” productivity). The present research HUMOR hoped to remedy this: participants were randomly Franccesca Kazerooni; Dr. Shana Levin separated into two groups, either having been Claremont McKenna College instructed to complete a 30-minute arithmetic task in an office setting or to do the same anywhere The effects of knowing or not knowing the satirical and anytime they wanted (within the span of a nature of a piece of humor were examined and week). Although participants perceived compared to the effects of disparaging humor.
______[ ]______27 One hundred and twenty-six heterosexual THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMILE undergraduate students (male: n = 43; female: n = GENUINENESS AND SIZE OF SOCIAL 83) were randomly assigned a satirical or an NETWORK offensive comic about gay men. Some of those Kelly Anne Flack who read the satirical piece were told of the North Central College satirical intentions of the author. Some of the predicted hypotheses were partially supported. Genuine expressions of positive emotions in Low SDO participants found the satirical comic, photographs have been shown to predict more regardless of whether the author’s satirical favorable outcomes in marriages, more stable intentions were explicitly told or not, less personalities and even longevity (Harker & humorous and more offensive than high SDO Keltner, 2001; Abel & Kruger, 2009). These participants. On the other hand, high SDO correlations may be attributed to the explanation participants found the disparaging comic to be that smiling behavior in photographs is potentially more humorous and less offensive than low SDO indicative of underlying emotional dispositions that participants. The implications of these findings as have direct and indirect life consequences well as the difficulties with measuring the effects (Hertenstein et al., 2009). The present study aims of satire are addressed. to add to the growing field of evidence that genuine smiles (Duchenne smiles) positively THE INFLUENCE OF EMPATHY ON THE influence health or bring about outcomes that ADOLESCENT EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE protect health. Social support, including online Blanche M. Wright, Eva Telzer, Andrew Fuligni social networks (e.g. Facebook), has been University of California, Los Angeles recognized as an essential correlate of health and happiness. Therefore, I hypothesized that Empathy is the ability to understand and share the individuals with a more genuine smile would have feelings of others, usually during times of a richer social support network. The current study hardship. Frequently, when people empathize, examined 6th grade yearbook photos from 2006, they begin to take on the problems of others as compared to the number of Facebook friends their own, and become upset. Yet, little research those students (N=245) had in 2011. The results has specifically exposed the positive or negative indicated that 6th graders with more genuine influence that empathy towards a teen’s parent smiles had more Facebook friends five years later could have on the emotional well-being of that than those with less genuine smiles. Future teen. The current study examined this relationship studies should further examine the positive life with 209 male and 210 female teens of Mexican outcomes of a simple, genuine smile. descent, who completed self-reports for 14 consecutive days and a questionnaire. Teens NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSMISSION IN THE reported if they provided emotional support to CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA parents (empathized), felt like a good CONTRIBUTES TO THE ANXIOGENIC daughter/son (role fulfillment), levels of emotional EFFECTS OF COCAINE well-being (distress, self-esteem), and level of Jennifer Lane conflict with parents (family conflict). Results University of California, Santa Barbara revealed that adolescents from unmarried households felt more distressed when they Human drug users report that cocaine empathized, whereas those from married administration produces feelings of euphoria households did not. Conceivably, the troubles of followed by dysphoria and anxiety. While much unmarried families were more severe than those research has examined the neurobiology of of married families. Also, empathy related to role cocaine’s positive/euphoric effects, little is known fulfillment for both genders. However, not only did about the mechanisms underlying its females provide more empathy than males, but negative/anxiogenic (anxiety-producing) effects. they also felt more distressed when they Dr. Ettenberg’s laboratory at UCSB employs a empathized. Because females are more place conditioning model to investigate cocaine’s emotionally involved in their parents’ struggles, dual effects. In this model, rats are trained to they probably become negatively affected. associate a unique environment with either the Moreover, when teens with high family conflict positive effects of cocaine (present immediately empathized, their self-esteem levels dropped after i.v. injection) or the negative effects of the significantly probably due to an uncomfortable drug (present 15 min after i.v. injection). Following home environment. conditioning rats exhibit preferences for environments paired with cocaine’s
______[ ]______28 immediate/positive effects and aversions for THE IMPACT OF MUSIC PACE ON DELAYING environments paired with cocaine’s GRATIFICATION delayed/negative effects. Previous research from ShuChuan Liu our laboratory has implicated the central nucleus California Lutheran University of the amygdala (CeA) in cocaine’s anxiogenic effects. Given that norepinephrine (NE) This study explored how music pace may transmission within the CeA has been implicated influence delay of gratification. Participants in anxiety associated with drug withdrawal, it was consisted of 44 students (12 males and 32 of interest to investigate its possible role in the females), ranging from 17 to 39. They were anxiogenic response to cocaine administration. asked to listen to a 5-minute music piece, either Rats were trained to associate an environment fast-paced or slow-paced, and then completed a with either the immediate or delayed effects of delaying gratification questionnaire. The results cocaine following administration of a NE revealed that music pace and participants’ sex antagonist or vehicle solution into the CeA. As interacted significantly; males who listened to fast- expected, rats the received intra-CeA vehicle paced music scored significantly higher on injections developed the normal pattern of place delaying gratification than males who listened to preferences and aversions. Rats that received slow-paced music, whereas females who listened intra-CeA NE antagonist treatment, however, did to slow-paced music scored significantly higher on not develop place aversions for the delayed delaying gratification than females who listened to effects of cocaine, while place preferences for fast-paced, F(1, 40) = 5.11, p = .029, 95% CI [.65, cocaine’s immediate effects remained intact. 11.60], hp2 = .11, with a medium effect size. The These data suggest that NE signaling within the finding indicated that delaying gratification is CeA contributes to the anxiogenic effects of influenced only by the interaction between music cocaine. pace and participants’ sex, but not influenced by either factor individually. CREATIVE RATS: VARIABILITY IN BEHAVIOR AND ITS RELATION TO LATENT INHIBITION “RESISTING DESSERT!” – EMOTION Yan Lam Matthew Lau REGULATION CHOICE AND EATING University of California, Los Angeles BEHAVIOR Anna B. Robertson, Gal Sheppes, James J. Gross Researchers have discovered that creativity in Stanford University & Tel Aviv University humans is negatively correlated with reduced susceptibility to latent inhibition (Carson, Hunger is one of the most basic organismic Peterson, & Higgins, 2003). One potentially critical drives, thus it is surprising that eating domain aspect of creativity is the production of novelty studies have not estimated how emotion and variability in behavior (Stahlman et al., in regulation strategies modify hunger states. In this press). To date, relatively little research has been project, we extend James Gross’ “modal model” of done on the basic behavioral components of emotion to eating behaviors, utilizing an emotion creativity. We conducted a single experiment regulation approach to examine the ability to where we investigated the relationship between regulate hunger and cravings. Specifically, we behavioral variability and latent inhibition in rats. investigate how individuals choose between two We first pre-exposed rats to a light (L) stimulus; emotion regulation strategies -- distraction and we then delivered L>Sucrose pairings and reappraisal -- under differing food craving assessed individuals’ acquisition of conditioned demands. approach behavior. We then trained the rats to Participants were exposed to a series of food press a lever (LP) for sucrose during images accompanied by their corresponding presentations of a tone (T) stimulus and smells via an olfactometer. After each trial, measured variability in the duration of bar participants answered an objective monetary presses. Finally, we examined the correlation measure asking how much they would pay for between acquisition and variability scores. Our each food item as well as a subjective measure of results have important implications for creativity in their craving. Finally, participants answered behavior and for the comparative approach to surveys assessing potential moderators of experimental psychological research. strategy choice. These included differences in natural emotion regulation styles and diet status using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Restraint Scale. As hypothesized, participants (n = 20) tended to
______[ ]______29 choose distraction for highly desirable food stimuli family obligations family closeness and academic and reappraisal for less desirable food stimuli (sig self-efficacy and GPA in first generation Latino = .046). These predictions align with research undergraduate students. The sample was drawn demonstrating that people tend to regulate their from an ongoing study of first generation students’ emotions with “engagement reappraisal” in low- adjustment to and persistence in college. 102 intensity negative situations and “disengagement undergraduate Latino students, 74 female and 28 distraction” in high-intensity negative situations male, individually completed a survey in a (Sheppes, Scheibe, Suri, & Gross, 2011). university laboratory. As predicted, family closeness and students’ perceptions of their MAPPING THE HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX: obligations to their families (e.g., persist in college EXPLORING EARLY COMPONENTS OF THE because their parents did not have the chance to VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL WITH DENSE- attend or to serve as role models for younger ARRAY EEG siblings) were associated with academic self- Jennifer Lewis, Phan Luu, Don Tucker and Allen efficacy. However, the association between Malony family closeness and obligations and high school University of Oregon and college GPA was not significant. Although females had significantly higher GPAs in high With the advancement in technology of dense- school than males, their college GPA and array EEG (dEEG), improving the spatial academic self-efficacy did not differ. There were resolution of noninvasive electrophysiology is also no significant gender differences in family becoming more realistic. This study aims to closeness and obligations. replicate the current event related potential (ERP) literature and characterize the early components THE EFFECT OF SUBJECT VACILLATION of the visual evoked potential (VEP), while also BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS (ELA) comparing the cortical surface activity generated AND MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS ON TIMED in source space with the spatial resolution of the TEST SCORES hemodynamic response in similar studies in the Mason R. Black & Aniesha C. Craig functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Yosemite High School literature. EEG was collected from 10 participants as they viewed a series of checkerboard stimuli The experiment investigated the effects of presented in 5 quadrants. Locations and vacillating between English Language Arts (ELA) characterization of the early C1, P1, and N1 and Math questions every five minutes on a timed components were examined through multichannel test comprised of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT®) scalp recordings, retinototopic mapping, and practice questions selected from Collegeboard’s linear inverse solution techniques. Individual Official SAT® Study Guide. Vacillation was subject data shows the C1 is generated in the defined as periodically alternating between primary visual cortex; early P1 is is generated in different subjects of questions and therefore extrastriate cortex areas or V2; and the N1 is different cognitive tasks. In the non-vacillating generated in more lateralized areas of visual test, the test sections were ordered such that cortex. three five-minute Math sections were followed by three five-minute ELA sections. The vacillating HOW FAMILY CLOSENESS AND FAMILY test alternated between Math questions and ELA OBLIGATIONS INFLUENCE UNDERGRADUATE questions every 5 minutes. Both tests had 15 LATINO STUDENTS ACADEMIC SELF- Math and 24 ELA questions. The experimental EFFICACY group (5 females and 3 males) and the control Carolina Ruiz and Margarita Azmitia group (7 males and 0 females) consisted of an University of California Santa Cruz opportunity sample of 16-17 year-olds from two International Baccalaureate History-of-the- Students whose parents did not go to or graduate Americas HL1 classes. The participants were from college, first generation students, can find predominantly Caucasian students from a rural college challenging. Research has shown, high school in the Western United States, and however, that their families’ support and were randomly assigned to the experimental encouragement can help first generation students (vacillating) or control (non-vacillating) group. The face these challenges and stay in school. experiment was carried out during two class Students also stay in college because they feel an periods using a between-subject design. The obligation to succeed on behalf of their families. independent variable was whether the test was This study examined the association between vacillating or non-vacillating, and the dependent
______[ ]______30 variable was the score received on the timed test, anxiety are related to decreases in loneliness, out of 39. A one-tailed Student’s T-test showed because children with less anxiety are less likely that there was no significance at the p<.05 level. to feel lonely in social situations. Seventeen This means that vacillation between ELA and children aged 11 to 14 participated in a 16 week Math every five minutes did not significantly affect CBT (IT) intervention which targeted anxiety. test scores. This also implies that students should Measures of parent and child rated anxiety and not score lower on the SAT®, which vacillates loneliness were collected at pre and post between subjects, than the ACT®, which does assessments. There were significant differences not. in ratings of loneliness between the pre and post assessment, with children at post assessment THE EFFECTS OF SMILING ON VERDICT scoring significantly lower (t=2.041, p=.058). RENDITION Additionally, the parent rated multidimensional Vanessa Magee anxiety scale for children (MASC-P) was Yosemite High School significantly different between the pre and post assessment (t=3.073, p=.007). Further linear This study investigated the effects of smiling on regression analysis will be conducted to verdict rendition. High school students, an determine if reduction in anxiety predicts less opportunity sample of 16 to 18 year olds from two loneliness. standard level English classes, (n=37) were asked to judge a woman’s verdict based upon a small ENGLISH PROFICIENCY SKILLS AND amount of evidence and a provided picture of the WORKING MEMORY TRAINING IN woman either smiling (experimental group) or not ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED smiling (control group). Participants were KINDERGARTNERS AT RISK FOR READING predominantly Caucasian students from a rural PROBLEMS high school in the Northwest region of the United Hillary Mastrosimone, Erica Medina, Maribel States. The experiment was conducted during two Lopez, and Judith Foy different 45 minute class periods and used a Loyola Marymount University between subjects design. The independent variable was the presence or no presence of a Children with limited English proficiency are at risk smile. The dependent variable was the verdict for reading problems (Rampay et al., 2009) and rendered. A one-tailed t-test demonstrated that may be deficient in working memory (WM; e.g., there was no significance at the P <.05 level, Ardila, 2002). WM, associated with reading, has showing that the smile had no impact on the not been responsive to training until recently. student’s chosen verdict. The researcher must Advances in computer technology have led to accept the null hypothesis, that there would be no highly successful interventions (e.g., Cogmed) for relationship between the presence of a smile in a older children with WM problems (e.g., Dahlin, picture of a female defendant and the verdict of 2011). We examined the relation between WM, each participant, “guilty or not guilty.” English proficiency, and Cogmed training in economically disadvantaged kindergartners at risk LONELINESS IN CHILDREN WITH ANXIETY for reading problems (88% Spanish-English AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER bilinguals). Kindergartners with low WM (n = 24) Marina Mladenovic, Jeffery Wood, PhD. and Patty were randomly assigned to receive free Cogmed Renno training at the beginning of the school year (T1) or University of California, Los Angeles mid-year (T2). The Cogmed groups trained 40 minutes after school, five days a week for five Compared to typically developing children, weeks. Kindergartners (n = 24) at a comparable children with autism are both lonelier and have school, who received no Cogmed training, were less inclusive perceptions of loneliness matched with Cogmed participants on age, (Bauminger & Kasari, 2000). Preliminary research gender, SES, and T1 WM. All correlation analyses suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) controlled for age. At T1, English proficiency is efficacious in reducing anxiety in children with (EOWPVT, Brownell, 2001) was significantly autism spectrum disorder; however, the effects of correlated with both measures of working memory CBT on loneliness have not been determined. The (Digits Backward, r = .37, p = .009; CTOPP present study will examine if reduction in anxiety Nonword Repetition subtest, r = .36, p = .006) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using a Pearson R correlation analysis. A as a result of CBT, predicts a reduction in ratings preliminary analysis showed that English of loneliness. I hypothesize that decreases in proficiency was positively correlated with start
______[ ]______31 indices (r =.71, p = .015) and negatively correlated 4 males) and one with unpleasant scents (n=7: 1 with indices of improvement in training (r = -.69, p female, 6 males) that consist of predominantly = .02) in the T1 Cogmed group. These findings Caucasians in a rural area in the northwestern suggest that English proficiency skills may region of the United States of America whose moderate the effects of Cogmed training on native language is English. An opportunity sample children at risk for later reading problems. of high school juniors ages 16-18 currently enrolled in a self-selected International THE GRAY AREA BETWEEN PURCHASE Baccalaureate History first year class was used. TYPES: A MATERIAL ITEM THAT PROVIDES This experiment was executed during two class AN EXPERIENCE periods with two different categories of scents, Lea M. Lunden, Darwin A. Guevarra, & Ryan T. pleasant and unpleasant, but the order of choice Howell of words given did not change. The IV is the San Francisco State University presence of pleasant or unpleasant scents and the DV is the score received on the exam. A two- Previous studies suggest that experiential tailed t-test demonstrated no significance at the purchases contribute more to happiness and p<.005, thus short-term memory is not affected by purchase satisfaction than material items (Van a generalized pleasant or unpleasant scent. This Boven & Gilovich, 2003). However, not all suggests that studying in an environment with purchases are easily categorized into material or pleasant or unpleasant scents is not effective. experiential, i.e., sports equipment and musical instruments (material items that provide experiences). The goal of this study is to Linguistics Courtyard determine the outcomes related to material items that provide experiences. Four hundred and fourteen participants wrote about a recent CREATIVE THOUGHT AS RELATED TO purchase they made in one of three categories: FLUIDITY OF BODY MOVEMENT material, material item that provides an Jennifer Vargas, Mike Slepian, Nalini Ambady experience, or experiential, and evaluated their Stanford University & Tufts University purchase for two outcomes: retrospective happiness and perceived economic value. An Creativity is described as fluid thought. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared the current studies tested whether fluid movement effect of purchase types on two outcomes while would lead to creative thinking. Study 1 found that controlling for price and when the purchase fluid, relative to non-fluid, movement led occurred. There was a significant effect of participants to generate more creative uses for an purchase type on retrospective happiness F(2, object. Study 2 demonstrated that fluid arm 409) = 6.30, p = .002 and perceived economic movement only enhanced creative thinking, but value F(2, 409) = 9.15, p < .000. Participants not mental performance more generally, such as reported they are as happy and satisfied with a on analytical tasks. A final study, Study 3, material item that provides an experience as they examined the converse relationship, whether are with an experiential purchase. Our results creative thinking influences the fluidity of body suggest that there is a third purchase category movement. Implications for creativity and (material item that provides an experience), and it embodied cognition are discussed. produces similar outcomes as an experiential purchase. CHILDREN’S PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR TOWARD A NATIVE VERSUS FOREIGN-LANGUAGE THE EFFECTS OF PLEASANT SCENTS AND SPEAKER UNPLEASANT SCENTS Julia Tran Yanelli Miranda University of California, Santa Cruz Yosemite High School From an early age, infants prefer people who This study investigates the effects of pleasant and speak the same language as them (Kinzler, unpleasant scents on short-term memory as Dupoux, & Spelke, 2007). The current study measured by the mean score received on a short- examines whether preschoolers exhibit in-group term memory word-recall exam, in which favoritism in the form of greater prosocial behavior participants had to match words previously heard toward native speakers than foreign speakers. In with scents they had smelled. There are two a between-subjects experiment, we examine groups, one with pleasant scents (n=8: 4 females, monolingual English-speaking 3-and-5-year-olds’
______[ ]______32 willingness to help an adult (who speaks either With this being said, the researchers conducted English or Spanish) in four counterbalanced tasks. the study to see if brand consciousness would, in These tasks test children’s willingness to share fact, influence the quality of consumer’s product various resources (a tool, stickers, and a marker) experience. The study made use of a 2x2x2 and to help find a misplaced object. It is mixed factorial design. It was conducted to a total hypothesized that the children will be less likely to of 64 participant, 32 of which were from the share with and help the Spanish speaker than the elementary level and had the age range of 11-14 English speaker. It is also hypothesized that older years old, and the other 32 were from the college children, because of greater exposure to English level and had the age range of 16-22 years old. as the dominant language, will be less likely to Each participant was given samples and was help the Spanish speaker than younger children. asked to evaluate 2 sets of products, chocolates and orange juice, according to their personal SELF CONTROL AND TEMPORAL experience of the product. Each set had 4 DISCOUNTING OF LOSSES samples, 2 sets of high brands and 2 low brands, Danielle Marie LaVere, Mary Kay Stevenson with the distinction of brand indication (shown or California State University, East Bay not shown). Using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance or MANOVA, researchers found that the The current research explores the topic of self- age group of the participants did have a significant control. Self-control requires a choice to be set up effect on the overall identification of brand names between an immediate and a delayed to preference. consequence. For example, theories of self- control state that a person exhibits self-control FETAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM when they choose a larger, later reward (good MARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE grade) rather than a smaller immediate one (a FUNCTIONING AT 9 MONTHS OF AGE party the night before finals). Self-control is also Nina Paddu exhibited when a person chooses a smaller, Barnard College immediate loss (pay cash) rather than a larger, later one (pay on credit with interest). In this Fetuses that are unable to adequately adapt to experiment, we measured preference strength for changes in their body and environment are at risk self-control options of different loss magnitudes. for poor postnatal outcomes. Researchers have Subjects were asked to choose between making a begun to examine the fetal autonomic nervous hypothetical payment in either a lump sum or to system (ANS) as way to assess the well-being of pay over a time period with interest, similar to that the fetus in utero and predict neurodevelopmental of credit cards. Different groups were given the outcomes after birth. Prior research has large and small payment options in different demonstrated that cardiac regulation, mediated by orders. Self-control was compared for the small the ANS, may shed light on the developmental and large losses across these conditions. Our trajectory of the fetus following birth. Particularly, results are discussed in relation to self-control fetal heart rate variability and fetal heart rate- theory. There are implications for teaching people movement coupling are two measures that reflect how to avoid large interest payments in the future. autonomic development and have been used to These findings may be useful in research predict postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes. regarding the processes underlying the temporal In the present study, we examined the association discounting of monetary losses. between these two markers at 36 weeks gestation and performance on the Cognitive Scale of the HOW BRAND CONSCIOUSNESS AFFECT THE Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 9 CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION OF PRODUCT months of age. The purpose of this study was to QUALITY identify fetal markers of postnatal cognitive delay Abella, Jomaica, Acuña, Andrea Paula F., to provide a foundation for early intervention. The Benitez, Jennifer Anne A., Faigane, Marivic D., strongest correlation was observed between fetal Inoferio, Katrina Samantha A. heart rate-movement coupling and cognitive Miriam College scores (r = 0.41, p = 0.075, d = 0.891). This finding suggests that fetal heart-rate movement Brand consciousness is defined as an occurrence coupling may be a useful predictor of cognitive in which a person has an awareness of a product development during infancy. and its superiority or inferiority over other products. Literature suggests that brands have the power to influence the perception of consumers.
______[ ]______33 SELECTIVE MECHANISMS LINKED TO for: spelling and grammar, verb tenses, narrator LANGUAGE CONTROL IN THE BILINGUAL (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) and structure (story or LEXICON description) and the frequency of words by type Zachary I. Greenberg, Jason Samaha, Mark W. and lines written. In average, students Geisler, Kenneth R. Paap comprehend less than 50% of what they read and San Francisco State University write, 36 words per paragraph, with a 74% chance that the student will have a spelling and/or Using behavioral, ERP, and fMRI data Rodriguez- grammar mistake. 55% of students with grade Fornells, et al. (2005) concluded that bilinguals averages above 90 comprehend less than 60% of can recognize words in a target language while what they read and represent 38% of those below blocking access of their other (non-target) average (comprehension of the text between 18 – language. The primary evidence supporting this 22%). Implications for the students and the impact conclusion is that word frequency modulated in the educational structure of the country are N400 brain potentials to the target language, but discussed. did not modulate the N400 to the non-target language. Furthermore, the N400 elicited by non- ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE AND target words was not distinguishable from the ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA waveform generated by non-words. Given that the POLYMORPHISMS PREDICT PERSONALITY conclusion is strong and counter to the commonly TRAITS AND SELF-ESTEEM IN MEN AND held view that managing two languages requires WOMEN substantial cognitive control, the present study Lameese Eldesouky, Laura R. Saslow, Robb implemented a mixed lexical decision task Willer, Matthew Feinberg, Katharine Clark, Dacher blocked by the defined target language: Block 1- Keltner, & Sarina R. Saturn English targets vs. Block 2- Spanish targets. Late University of California, Berkeley, University of Spanish-English speaking bilinguals and English California, San Francisco, University of Colorado, speaking monolinguals performed these tasks Boulder, & Oregon State University sequentially, responding positively to targets, and responding negatively to non-words and non- Preliminary studies on the influence of sex targets. Written frequencies of both targets and hormones on personality and self-esteem have non-targets were manipulated to observe effects found that variability related to the androgen on RT’s and error rates. Preliminary results receptor (AR) gene in men is correlated with self- appear to replicate those of Rodriguez-Fornells, et esteem and behavioral aspects of Extraversion al. and confirm that bilinguals can selectively such as impulsivity and aggression. Less research block their non-target language. In interpreting this has been done on the influence of estrogen pattern of results, implications for theories of receptor (ER) genes on psychological factors. In a bilingual word recognition and of language control sample of undergraduate men and women, we are discussed. explored the implications of variability in the AR gene (a variable number tandem repeat) and two "DAFUQ" DID I JUST READ? COLLEGE polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor beta STUDENTS' DAILY REALITY (ERβ), (rs1915057) and (rs1271572), using self- Miriana Garza, María Mirón report and salivary collection of genetic material. Universidad de Monterrey Variability in the AR gene was related to the activity facet of Extraversion in both men and In Mexico, for every 100 students that enter women. It was further associated with higher elementary school, only 14 will graduate from verbal aggression in women. ERβ (rs1915057) college. From those 14, 2 will conclude was tied to lower levels of self-esteem, postgraduate studies. sociosexuality, power, and verbal aggression in There is plenty of information available regarding men, whereas it was related to lower levels of the low quality of basic education, but little has self-esteem in women. ERβ (rs1271572) was been researched about the level of higher associated with lower levels of self-esteem in both education students' basic skills. To obtain men and women. These results suggest that information about reading and writing skills in genetic variability related to sex hormones may college students, 196 participants were asked to have a broad-spectrum influence on personality write a paragraph using 5 given words (house, and other psychological variables. dog, street, car, yard). Then they were presented with two College Board readings and 5 questions regarding those readings. Writing was evaluated
______[ ]______34 THE EFFECT OF THE COLOR YELLOW ON acute (50, 100, or 150 mg/kg) and chronic (150 WORD MEMORIZATION mg/kg) administration of modafinil or vehicle. We Beatriz Tenorio, Lauren Atkins observed that only the high dose of modafinil Yosemite High School decreased ICSS thresholds, which indicates a potential for abuse. Chronic administration of the This is an experiment investigating the effect of high dose produced no evidence of sensitization highlighting vocabulary words and word or tolerance. Future studies should consider memorization, as measured by the mean score testing modafinil in a larger cohort of animals as received on a vocabulary test after participants well as the primary active isomer (R)-modafinil. study either highlighted or non-highlighted word definitions. Research has shown that color leads THE EFFECT OF STATUS PROMOTION AND to more accurate recognition than the use of STATUS LOSS PREVENTION GOALS ON standard black and white (Hanna & Remington, POLITICAL ATTITUDES 1996). The experimental group (7 female, 3 male) Madeline A. Mayer; Steven L. Neuberg, Ph.D.; and the control group (6 female, 3 male) consisted Andrew E. White, M.S. of a randomized opportunity sample of 16-18 year Arizona State University olds from two predominantly Caucasian International Baccalaureate Psychology, classes Political attitudes have often been described as from a rural high school in the Northwestern long-term patterns of beliefs. However, an region of the United States. A between groups evolutionary approach suggests that these design was used to control the history effect. The attitudes may shifts in response to fundamental same test was used for both groups; however social motivations. Here, I explore the effect of there were two different study sheets (highlighted status promotion and status loss prevention and non-highlighted). The independent variable is motivations on both redistributive and social whether or not the vocabulary word definitions issues. I also examine how subjective were highlighted and the dependent variable is socioeconomic status might interact with these the score received on the test. A one-tailed t-test motivations to affect political attitudes. I found that demonstrated that there was no significance at men low in subjective SES became significantly the p<.05 confidence level. This implies that more supportive of redistributive policies in both highlighting information will not necessarily have status experimental conditions; men high in an impact on how well the information is subjective SES shifted in the opposite direction. remembered, therefore students do not need to Moreover, men and women high in subjective highlight in order to recall better. SES became significantly less supportive of social policies in both status experimental conditions, INTRACRANIAL SELF-STIMULATION AND THE while men and women low in subjective SES ABUSE POTENTIAL OF MODAFINIL: A WAKE tended to become more supportive. These PROMOTING DRUG findings are discussed in terms of differential Meagan A. Johnson parental investment and motivations to maintain Arizona State University the status quo.
The wake-promoting drug modafinil (Provigil), EFFECTS OF GROUPING ON PREFERENCE which is currently prescribed to treat narcolepsy, FOR COLOR TRIPLETS sleep apnea/hypopnea, and shift work sleep Christopher Lau, Karen B. Schloss & Stephen E. disorder, has recently entered testing for the Palmer treatment of cocaine addiction and ADHD. It is University of California, Berkeley vital to identify the abuse potential of modafinil since these new uses of the drug could increase Schloss and Palmer (2011) found that people prescriptions and usage. However, there is a prefer color pairs that are harmonious, or similar great deal of controversy regarding the abuse in hue. In the present study, we investigated the potential of this drug. To assess the effects of relation between spatial composition and color modafinil on brain reward function which is an harmony on preference for color triplets. indicator of abuse potential, male Sprague- Specifically, we tested whether people prefer Dawley rats were tested using the intracranial similar colors to be closer together than self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm. Rats were contrasting colors. Participants indicated which of trained to respond for electrical self-stimulation of two simultaneously presented displays of color the mesocorticolimbic reward system, and ICSS combinations they preferred. Each display thresholds were assessed before and after both contained three squares in a row, spaced such
______[ ]______35 that the central square was closer to one of the BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL RESPONSES TO flanking squares than the other. In one PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL WARMTH combination, the central square hue was similar to Mona Lin the closer square and contrasted with the farther University of California, Los Angeles square (e.g., a cyan flanking square being closer to a central green square and a red flanking Research has shown that humans rely on both square being farther). The other display had the physical warmth and “social warmth,” the warm same spacing, but the opposite color assignment feelings elicited during social connection, for of the flanking squares (e.g., a red flanking square proper functioning. A neuroimaging study tested being closer to a central green one and a cyan the hypothesis that physical warmth and social flanking square being farther). Participants chose warmth share similar neural processing in the the displays in which the similar colors were brain – particularly in the ventral striatum. closer (i.e., congruent color-spatial grouping) Participants were scanned in the fMRI while more often than when the similar pairs were shown positive or neutral messages written by farther (i.e., incongruent color-spatial grouping). close confidants, or while holding thermally warm This effect was modulated by hue, however, in or neutral stimuli. Self-report ratings suggest that the effect was stronger for differences in reading positive messages and holding warm redness-greenness than in blueness-yellowness. stimuli lead to greater social connection than Explanations will be considered in terms of (a) reading neutral messages and holding room Berkeley school spirit (Schloss et. al, 2011), (b) temperature stimuli. fMRI data show increased visual discomfort, and (c) natural scene statistics activation in the ventral striatum during the (Juricevic et. al, 2011). positive messages condition and the thermally warm stimuli condition. Results suggest that the THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON brain processes physical and social warmth ADULT SOCIAL ANXIETY: DIFFERENCES IN similarly. Physical warmth as a potential GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION substitution for social warmth could provide Jessica Thurmond benefits for those who experience loneliness or University of West Florida social rejection.
Physical and sexual abuse have long-lasting, THE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF AGE negative impacts on the victim’s life. While a AND LEVEL OF NEED ON PROSOCIAL wealth of information has emerged about the BEHAVIOR short- and long-term effects of physical and Ashok Sadasivaiah sexual abuse, most studies have focused on the University of California, Los Angeles aspect of re-victimization and the potential for victims to become abusers during adulthood. The Research and funding for autism and intellectual primary purpose of this study is to examine the disabilities is dramatically skewed towards different effects of childhood physical and sexual children. Considering the relatively small amount abuse (hereinafter, childhood trauma) on adult of research and funding for adolescents and social anxiety in males and females. The young adults, this study aimed to shed light on the secondary purpose is to examine variations in fact that many individuals have a cognitive bias, adult social anxiety between heterosexuals, and which inclines them to invest greater resources lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB). Expected into children. Past studies have shown that age findings include (1) a significant difference in adult and level of need affect how people donate; social anxiety reported by participants who specifically, children elicit more donations than experienced childhood trauma and those who did adults, and high need groups elicit more not and (2) a positive correlation between levels of donations than low need groups. Our 2 x 2 within- trauma and levels of adult social anxiety. It is also subjects design asked 16 undergraduate college expected that the relation between adult social students to imagine and indicate how they would anxiety and childhood trauma will vary by gender allocate $1,000 among four combinations of age and by sexual orientation. and level of need. We tested our hypotheses that the young and high need groups would receive more money than the old and low need groups, respectively, and that the young group would not receive more money than the old group unless level of need was high. We found significant main effects consistent with our hypotheses for age,
______[ ]______36 F(1, 15) = 14.83, MSE = 36,060, p = .002, and by recent evidence that suggest the SIMON® level of need, F(1, 15) = 9.51, MSE = 42,740, p = Electronic Game is an appropriate measure of .008, but found no interaction between age and working memory in college-aged adults, a novel level of need, F(1, 15) = 2.07, MSE = 34,893, p = paradigm was devised in which the impact of the .171. direction of presentation of numeric information was assessed (Gendle & Ransom, 2006). 47 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRATERNITY undergraduate students memorized spatial INVOLVEMENT AND RAPE MYTH locations that “lit up” in one of three possible ACCEPTANCE manners, and replicated the pattern via touch Kallie M Dixon screen computer. The stimuli were presented in a University of California, Santa Barbara left-to-right (LR) direction, a right-to-left (RL), or in a randomized (R) order. The screen was divided Rape myths are generalized and widely held into a 4X4 matrix, and each location included an beliefs about sexual assault that serve to trivialize ascending number of objects within their sexual assault or suggest that a sexual assault did boundaries. To explicitly prime for spatial-numeric not occur. Not only do these attitudes shift the associations, each trial began with the first blame away from the perpetrator and on to the illuminated location with one item in the victim, but they are directly linked to a greater background and ended with ten items in the likelihood of committing sexual assault. Many background of the final location in the sequence. studies have attempted to pinpoint exactly which In condition 1, arrays were equated for variables factors lead to higher acceptance of rape myths. that covary with number (area and contour Fraternity members are often targeted as being length). In condition 2, area and contour length more accepting of rape myths. The current study were proportional to number. In condition 1, examined the correlation between involvement accuracy in recall of LR and RL trials did not within a fraternity either through holding a significantly differ, and participants were leadership position or living in official fraternity significantly less likely to recall information housing and rape myth acceptance. An online presented randomly than LR or RL. There was no survey gathered data on undergraduate males significant difference in reaction time in LR, RL, or studying at the University of California, Santa R trials in this condition. Participants in condition 2 Barbara. Results did not support the hypothesis were significantly more accurate in replicating LR that fraternity members involved through either patterns than RL, and RL patterns than R. In leadership or living in official fraternity housing addition, participants were significantly faster in would be more likely to endorse rape myths than accurately recalling spatial-numeric stimuli that is males who were only members of their presented in a LR direction or in a RL direction fraternities. There was no significant correlation than in a R order (p=0.012 and 0.020 between fraternity membership or fraternity respectively). To examine the role of formalized involvement and rape myth acceptance. The topic education on spatial-numeric mapping, deserves more attention from future research in preliminary findings in a five to six year old order to determine exactly what factors lead to population suggest that stimuli in which area and these damaging beliefs. contour length are proportional to quantity also elicit spatial-numeric associations. SPATIAL-NUMERIC ASSOCIATIONS BIAS ATTENTION: AN INVESTIGATION OF SUPER-RECOGNITION AND ENCODING BIASES IN COLLEGE-AGED PROSOPAGNOSIA IN THE UK POPULATION ADULTS USING NOVEL TOUCH SCREEN Sumner Lambert, Dr. Ashok Jansari TECHNOLOGY University of East London, London Science Jennifer Galamba, B.A. & Koleen McCrink Ph.D. Museum, & Boston University Barnard College of Columbia University Prosopagnosia in both its acquired and congenital Can college-aged adults represent spatial- forms is estimated to affect roughly 2.5% of the numeric associations through a spatial-mapping population (Kennerknecht, Grueter, Welling, paradigm? A burgeoning literature suggests a Wentzek, Horst, Edwards and Grueter, 2006). The mapping of number to space conceptualized as a inability to distinguish and recognize faces directly mental number line occurs automatically in contrasts with what psychologists term super- adulthood, with the direction of the number line recognizers, individuals with the ability to determined by the reading direction of the remember and recognize faces of strangers predominant language in one’s culture. Inspired merely glimpsed years before. While prior to 2003
______[ ]______37 there were only nine well-documented cases of THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM developmental prosopagnosia (Kress and Daum, AND INTERPERSONAL TRUST 2003), the body of research regarding James A. Foster, Steven V. Rouse, & Elizabeth J. prosopagnosia in general has grown over the past Krumrei few years. However, only two studies related to Pepperdine University super-recognition have been published. Our study is the first to address the spectrum of face Self-esteem has been shown to influence a recognition through a broad population analysis. variety of aspects of interpersonal relationships. Based in the London Science Museum for three The current study examined the relationship months, we ran 735 self-volunteered participants between self-esteem and interpersonal trust. It through two to three tests. By gathering a was hypothesized that a positive relationship multigenerational, highly diverse sample, we were exists between the two constructs such that able to take an unprecedented look at the UK higher levels of self-esteem would be associated population’s facial recognition spectrum. with higher interpersonal trust. Two self-esteem Preliminary data analysis has replicated previous scales (The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and estimates on the size of the prosopagnosic the Janis-Field Self-Esteem Scale) and two population at nearly 2.5% and looks to place interpersonal trust scales (The Expanded Dyadic super-recognizers at roughly 2.5% as well. Trust Scale and the Trust Scale) were completed by 98 undergraduate students. A principle THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND component analysis of the two self-esteem CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION BY UNIVERSITY measures delineated a principle component of STUDENTS self-esteem (SE-PC). Linear regressions were Hallie Kraus conducted predicting SE-PC values from each of Unversity of California: Santa Cruz the interpersonal trust scales. The results suggested that there is a significant positive In this study we researched the relationship relationship between self-esteem and between gender and undergraduate students’ interpersonal trust. Psychologists and therapists decisions to participate in a university lectures and may benefit their clients’ interpersonal discussion sections. The study included semi- relationships by examining difficulties regarding structured interviews with 26 undergraduate their self-esteem. Future research should examine students (16 women and 10 men) attending a this relationship with a larger, more diverse Northern California University. The interviews population. Additional constructs should be consisted of topics related to how other students considered as candidates for possible mediators influence their participation, what they felt or moderators between the variables. influenced their participating in lecture and lab sections, and whether they were inclined to SEQUENCE LENGTH AND THE TEMPORAL interrupt or wait for pauses when participating in DISCOUNTING OF PAYMENTS lecture and discussion sections. There appeared Jacob A. Gomez and Dr. Mary Kay Stevenson to be a gender difference regarding views of how California State University East Bay one should participate and show politeness in class. Although there was almost no disparity in Many outcomes are represented as sequences. the consideration of whether or not their question For example, one may evaluate environmental or can wait for later or whether they’re interrupting, health outcomes that improve, deteriorate or women were more than twice as likely to wait for remain constant over time. Previous research pauses in conversation before contributing to a indicates that people identify different sequences discussion (87.5%, compared to 40% of men). with different expectations that may determine The implications of these preliminary findings which type of sequence is preferred in a particular suggest a need to re-examine how women are domain. For example, people expect their health socialized to participate in classroom, and to decline and they prefer declining health when whether classroom practices privilege forms of compared to improving health. The current study participation used by men. evaluates constant sequences that vary in the total time given to complete a payment sequence. A choice paradigm is used to measure the preference strength for lump sums versus payment sequences. The total magnitude of the payments is also varied. Participants evaluate the sequences by comparing them to lump sums
______[ ]______38 that vary in their due date. Varying the due date scale before being asked to donate time to a local is a method of varying the reaction to the payment charity. A marginally significant result of gender by allowing it to be discounted. The results was found in that females generally responded describe the impact of sequence length and the more strongly than males. These finding were magnitude of the interest rates on the preference different than previous research, primarily in how for payment sequences. The results are participants reacted to the videogames. discussed in relation to temporal discounting theory. These results also relate to the attitudes THE EFFECT OF INSTRUMENTAL RAP MUSIC of the participants toward credit. ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY Jennifer Garner THE UNDERLYING MOTIVATIONS FOR SELF- Yosemite High School DECEPTIVE ENHANCEMENT Michael P. Ennis, Jessica D. Biggs, Cameron A. This experiment was designed to investigate the Estes-Clifford, Carol A. Garcia, Carl L. Sittman effects of instrumental “rap music” on short term California State University, Chico memory as measured by the mean score on a reading comprehension test. The groups (n=17; 6 Throughout human history, deception has been Females and 11 Males) consisted of an used to great effect. Yet the question remains of opportunity sample of 16-17 year olds from two the exact forms that deception will take, as well as history classes. The participants were what types of people are most prone to using predominantly Caucasian students from a rural them. The Marlowe-Crowne (1960) revealed a high school in Central California. The experiment group of people known as repressors who defend was a between-subjects design using a reading themselves relentlessly against attacks on self- passage and comprehension test excerpted from concept while reporting low levels a California Standards Test. The students in the of anxiety as well. Paulhus (1991) postulated that control group read the passage and answered the repressors could be using either self-deception or questions in silence; those in the experimental other-deception. A survey involving 194 Chico group listened to an instrumental rap song while State undergraduate students supported our reading the passage, then answered the hypothesis that self-deceptive enhancement questions in silence. The independent variable would be negatively correlated with the behavioral was the presence or absence of music while inhibition system. Those who use this form of reading; the dependent variable was the score deception appear able to do so as a result of the received on the comprehension test. A one-tailed low levels of anxiety that they experience, with t-test demonstrated no significance at the p < .05 this stifling any challenge to the overly-generous level. The test score was not affected by listening view that they possess of themselves. to music while reading, therefore the null hypothesis was accepted. This may be due to an VIRTUAL INTO VERISIMILITUDE: increase in the availability of music to adolescents VIDEOGAMES’ ABILITY TO INDUCE EMPATHY and an increase in the prevalence of students Blake Bennett listening to music while multitasking. Claremont McKenna College DIVERSITY TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: The current study seeks to link traditional forms of A CALL FOR ACTION empathy induction with new research that Elisa Velasquez-Andrade, Paul Martinez, Kayleigh suggests videogames can be used as an Watters,Daniel Mello, Jacob Tumas, Ana Quiroz, experiential method of induction. One hundred- Alma Valverde, Ricardo Sandoval nine college students, sixty-four females and forty- Sonoma State University six males, were used in a 2x2x2 design, the independent variables being prosocial/neutral As the ethnic/racial populations of this country videogame, empathic/neutral instructions, and continue to increase, institutions of higher gender. Dependent variables were both education are challenged to effectively fulfill their questionnaire responses to a fictional story and an diversity mission statements and pursuit of opportunity to be realistically altruistic. educational equity. Our team developed Speed Participants played either a prosocial or neutral Diversity Dialogue ™ (SDD) as a multicultural videogame, received either empathic or neutral awareness training model. Pairs of participants reading instructions, and then read a vignette engaged in consecutive 3 minutes dialogue depicting a difficult situation faced by the writer. sessions around the Big 8 of diversity (culture, They then rated their reactions on a 7-point Likert race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion,
______[ ]______39 age, disability, and socio-economic status). We assessed the impact of SDD on college students (n=127) who were mostly women (77.4%) and Paper Session II Caucasian (72.4%). After the SDD interactive part Abstracts finished, participants wrote a short reflection paper. Preliminary findings indicate participants found SDD not only fun, effective, and enjoyable experience, but made them willing to step out of Room 420-040 their comfort zone. Majority participants increased awareness about and empathy towards minority people’s experiences with stereotype, prejudice EFFECT OF GENDER AND SITUATIONAL and discrimination; which in turn motivated them MOOD ON THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION to continue learning about those aspects and act ERROR to address inequities in society. Results including Veronica V. Calkins all themes/categories will be discussed in light of University of California, Los Angeles Intergroup Contact theory, social justice, multicultural education, and diversity training. We The fundamental attribution error (FAE) is the advance that SDD is a low-cost high impact tendency for individuals to overestimate the role of diversity training accessible to educators and dispositional factors and underestimate the role of professionals providing direct services to diverse situational factors when observing others (Forgas, populations. 1998). To build on the findings of Riggio and Garcia (2009) in which subjects were less likely to commit the FAE when observing individuals in a THE EFFECTS OF JOB STRESS ON HEALTH negative situations, and the findings by Barrett OUTCOMES and Bliss-Moreau (2009) in which subjects were Brett Neely, Bridget Reynolds, Rena Repetti, Ted more likely to commit the FAE when viewing Robles females, undergraduate students (N = 42) rated University of California, Los Angeles the degree to which they believed hypothetical
characters were responsible for their situation. An estimated 15-25% of the U.S. working Each independent variable (gender/situation type) population is classified as high-risk for job stress consisted of two levels (male/female, (Repetti & Mittman, 2004). Job stress is known to positive/negative situation), which yielded four exert a psychological toll on workers (Repetti & conditions, and was manipulated within subjects. Wang, 2009), however less is known about its As expected, participants were significantly less impact on physical health. Thus far it is unknown likely to commit the FAE when viewing individuals whether job stress impacts clinically relevant in negative situations as opposed to positive outcomes, such as susceptibility to the common situations, p < .05. However, no significant cold. In an ongoing daily diary study, 68 adults difference was found in relation to gender. (54% females) completed measures of job stress Implications are discussed as applicable to and upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms criminal sentencing. every day for eight weeks. Analyses show that males who had busier days at work on average across the 8-week period also endorsed a greater VISUAL COGNITION IN PARKINSON’S number of total URI symptoms during that time DISEASE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT (r=.25, p<.05). Additionally, males who reported VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS lower perceived job security (r=-.39, p<.05) and Mathes M. Burke III and J. Vincent Filoteo less supervisor support (r=-.38, p<.05) were sick University of California, San Diego with upper respiratory infections on more days across the study than were those with greater job Visual hallucinations (VH) are often observed in security and supervisor support. Among females, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Past endorsing more busy days (whether at home or at studies have shown that the presence of VH in PD work) was associated with greater endorsement of can be associated with alterations in cognition. URI symptoms (r=.21, p<.05). These findings The current study examined whether the presence expand our understanding of links between job and nature of VH in nondemented patients with stress and immune functioning by elucidating PD impacts cognition. Ninety two PD patients effects on a clinically-relevant health outcome. were screened for the presence and nature of hallucinations. We identifed 22 patients who experienced visual hallucinations, and 70 who did
______[ ]______40 not. Of those patients who had visual area (McCraty & Childre, 2002). Positive emotions hallucinations, 9 experienced simple improve creativity (Magno, 2011; Kauffman, 2003) hallucinations (e.g., seeing unformed patterns ) and adaptive problem solving (Friedman, Förster, and 13 experienced complex hallucinations (e.g., & Denzler, 2007). Coherence is expedited when seeing people who were not there). The presence monitoring progress using the Institute of of visual hallucinations was associated with lower HeartMath’s (IHM) biofeedback device, the scores on tests of executive functioning in that EmWave Desktop Monitor™ (McCraty, 2002). patients with hallucinations performed worse on This study examines the relationship between tests of verbal fluency and visual selective meditation and creativity. Approximately 40 attention. In contrast, PD patients with complex college undergraduates, aged 18-30, were visual hallucinations performed worse than assigned to 3 groups (non-, medium-, and high- patients with simple visual hallucinations on tests coherence). The non-coherence group completed of visuospatial cognition. These results suggest an intellectually demanding academic test prior to that the presence or absence of visual a 10-minute creativity test focusing on unique idea hallucinations is associated with the integrity of generation (School of Art and Design, 2009). frontostriatal functioning (which mediates Medium- and high-coherence participants were executive functions), whereas the nature of visual trained using the quick coherence technique and hallucinations may be more associated with the EmWave™. The medium-coherence group integrity of posterior visual regions (which mediate included participants who could not maintain high visual cognition). coherence for 3 uninterrupted minutes. Participants who could maintain this qualified for IT CAME FROM MY FAMILY: THE the high-coherence group. Immediately after CONNECTION OF THE FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN coherence training, medium- and high-coherence RULES TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF YOUNG participants completed the creativity test. ADULTS Creativity test performance was categorized by Mary Grace P. Cabaluna, Ma. Mercedes coherence group and differences between test Lacuesta, Janine Anne M. Pascual scores among these groups were assessed using Miriam College the non-parametric alternative to the one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis (Ryan & Joiner, This study examined the impact of family-of-origin 2001). Results do not indicate a significant rules (FOOR) on young adult’s relationship in difference exists (H = .66, p = 0.882). terms of trust, commitment and conflict resolution. Non-married heterosexual couples (N=100) living with their family-of-origin completed Room 420-041 questionnaires. 5 couples with the highest score in the dysfunctional FOOR scale were interviewed A STUDY OF MOBILE INTERNET ADDICTION in-depth. The quantitative results indicated that WITH SMARTPHONES FOOR is significantly related to commitment but Luke Shin not significantly related to trust and conflict Georgia Institute of Technology resolution. Most of the participants pointed out that family of origin rules influence their romantic A recent study shows that 66% of mobile phone relationship. Positive problem solving was found users suffer from ‘Nomophobia’, the fear of mobile to be the most widely used conflict resolution phone absence. According to the Cellular style. Data from interviews revealed that Telecommunications & Internet Association behavioral, communication, and reputational rules (CTIA), the U.S. mobile phone market penetration from their family of origin influence participants’ rate is over 100% as of June 2011. Among the current romantic relationship and coping style. 323 million mobile phone users, 98 million users
in the U.S. owned smartphones by December THE HEART'S HAND IN CREATIVITY: THE 2011. Almost one third of U.S. mobile phone EFFECT OF COHERENCE MEDITATION users have a smartphone. Since the smartphone Beau D. Kissler makes Internet access and usage more Sierra Nevada College & The Institute of convenient and available, the Internet addiction HeartMath will be more severe than before. As the U.S.
smartphone penetration rate increases, so does The Coherence Technique™ is meditation mobile phone addiction because people depend wherein individuals generate positive feelings more on their smartphones. In this study, we (e.g., appreciation) while attending their heart
______[ ]______41 developed a survey of 10 mobile phone DO FEMININE OBJECTS MODERATE THE (smartphone) addiction questions and analyzed LEVEL OF AGGRESSIVENESS IN PHYSICAL addiction behaviors based on the access time, SPORTS? usage hours, student status, age group, and Lan B. Tran, & Kristin Belessis user’s gender. We found the following four things: Green Mountain College Only 4% of the respondents are classified as mobile phone (smartphone) addicts. Heavy mobile Recently, many sports events that raise breast internet users with more than 3 hour usage or 20 cancer awareness feature pink sportswear time access per day have higher levels of because Pink is the symbolic color of the breast addiction than light mobile internet users. There is cancer awareness movement. This study, no difference in the level of addiction between (1) particularly, examines how pink sportswear student group and non-student group, (2) different moderates the aggressiveness in physical sports. age groups, and (3) different gender groups. In Vandello et al. (2008) found that masculinity was the regression analysis, we found while the a precarious social construct whereas femininity smartphone / mobile phone ownership and age was an inherent characteristic. Also, Chen et al. are negatively related with mobile Internet (2001) found that in situations of conflicting addiction, the frequency of mobile phone usage is dispositional dominance, people had difficulties in positively related with it. expressing themselves fluently. Hence, we hypothesize that pink sportswear will increase the TELLING STORIES - TO CATCH A LIAR level of physical aggressiveness in men because Emiline Musarra wearing pink primes male athletes with a mental University of California, Los Angeles state that conflicts with masculinity, their dispositional dominance; therefore, they will act Detecting deception is a difficult task, with aggressively to prove their “manly” characteristics. performance typically just above chance. Previous On the contrary, we hypothesize that wearing pink research has isolated the more reliable indicators sportswear will not increase the level of physical of deception, but follow-up attempts to train aggressiveness in female because the construct observers to apply these indicators have of femininity will have stronger determinant produced mixed results. Some data suggest that influence on females than the dispositional-role the amount of training affects the outcome. power fit. Through this study, we hope to shed a Minimal training can negatively affect performance light on the interaction between power, gender by causing trainees to over analyze the roles and environmental cues. This on-going storytellers. The present study tested the research project is a part of Power, Status and effectiveness of one training routine with student Dominance at Green Mountain College. We will volunteers using a 2X2 mixed factorial pre-post be finishing this project by the end of April 2012. design. Participants viewed a series of videos depicting other students describing true and confabulated life events. The participants judged Room 380-380C whether each story was true or false and rated their confidence in their judgments. Training THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE LOAD AND condition participants received an organized set of TEMPERAMENT ON SELECTIVE ATTENTION materials about the more reliable indicators of Melissa Latham deception. They were to study these materials University of San Francisco between the first and second sessions. After a two-day delay, all participants viewed a new Does personality, as well as distraction, contribute series of videos and were tested as before. to one’s tendency to pay attention to negative or Training condition participants answered positive stimuli in an environment? The aim of this questions about their study behavior before study was to determine the contributions of a beginning the post-training session. Analyses behaviorally inhibited temperament and of compared the training and control conditions cognitive load to the length of attention paid to relative to self-reported amount of training. negatively valenced words, as opposed to neutral Results will clarify the effectiveness of training words. One hundred thirteen female participants with implications in police officer interrogation from General Psychology classes completed two methods. versions of an emotional Stroop task, manipulating cognitive load (a within-subjects variable). The study also assessed behavioral
______[ ]______42 inhibition (a subject variable). The correlation literature has found an increase in anxiety, between behavioral inhibition and attention paid to depression and post-traumatic stress among negative words was not significant. Instead, a American Muslims post-9/11 (Abu-Ras & Abu- positive trend was only found in participants with Bader, 2009; Amer & Hovey, 2012). However, a high positive affect. Participants with low positive clear causal link between experienced affect showed the opposite trend: less attention Islamophobia-related discrimination and these paid to negative words as behavioral inhibition variables has not been established. This study increased. This mediated display of cognitive sampled 147 American Muslims through an online inhibition by those who are behaviorally inhibited survey to investigate the effect of perceived is discussed. discrimination on perceived depression, as well as other possible interacting factors such as trauma, EFFECTS OF COACHING EFFICACY ON spirituality and comfort balancing American and INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM OUTCOMES Muslim identity. Findings show a significant Brett Neely, Jr., Graig Chow, Tara Scanlan increase in discrimination, depression and trauma University of California, Los Angeles in this population between the pre- to post-9/11 periods. While trauma, discrimination, and Coaching efficacy reflects the extent to which depression are all positively associated, trauma is coaches believe they can affect the learning and a stronger predictor than discrimination of performance of their athletes and is composed of depression post 9/11. These findings have four dimensions: character building, game important implications for the creation of strategy, motivation, and technique. Although the interventions targeting discrimination and trauma coaching efficacy model (Feltz, Chase, Moritz, & in order to treat major depression in American Sullivan, 1999) suggests that a coach’s Muslims. Furthermore, this study offers novel confidence should influence their athletes’/team’s insights into minority mental health, which can performance and efficacy, little research has benefit clinicians, educators and policymakers examined dimension-specific predictions. Thus, alike. this study investigated the effect of the coaching efficacy dimensions on player/team performance PARENTS’ CAREERS AND CHILDREN’S and efficacy. Participants were 27 intercollegiate POSSIBILITY JUDGMENTS basketball coaches and their players (N = 369). Blaney McDonough, & Briana Bernstein Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale University of California, Santa Cruz (Feltz et al., 1999), while players completed measures of collective (Short, Sullivan, & Feltz, Previous research reveals parents’ causal 2005) and self-efficacy. Comprehensive individual explanations as an important predictor of young game performance scores were calculated for children’s reasoning about unusual events (Nolan- each athlete and standardized by competition. Reyes & Callanan, 2009; 2011). Less is known, Team performance was measured using a similar however, about the characteristics of parents who method. Multilevel modeling revealed a positive use different forms of skeptical vs. speculative relationship between coaches’ character building explanations with their children. Parents with efficacy and players’ individual performance. different careers may model different types of Furthermore, coaches high in character building reasoning with their children (Valle, 2005). We efficacy strengthened their players’ effort self- hypothesized that parents’ occupational themes, efficacy. Coaches’ technique efficacy negatively as measured by Holland (1997) codes, may predicted three dimensions of collective efficacy: moderate parents’ causal explanations. Thus, effort, persistence, and preparation. These children’s tendency to judge unusual events to be findings extend the coaching efficacy model to possible is expected to vary by parents’ include dimension-specific relationships and have occupational themes. Preliminary results from 18 applied implications. parent-child dyads revealed a main effect of parent occupation codes F(3, 13) = 15.24, p = DISCRIMINATION AND TRAUMA PREDICT .0001, such that parents of different occupations DEPRESSION: THE CASE OF AMERICAN (e.g., Holland Code Artistic, Investigative, Both, or MUSLIMS POST-9/11 Other) had children who judged different numbers Zahra Murtaza of improbable events to be possible. Pairwise University of California, Berkeley comparisons (LSD, p < .05) showed children of Artistic parents (M = 3.48) judging more events September 11, 2001 was a tragic event, impairing possible than Investigative parents (M= 1.79), the well being of numerous individuals. Previous perhaps suggesting that Artistic parents may
______[ ]______43 encourage more speculative thinking while supported. Interestingly, a negative effect of red Investigative parents may encourage more was found on the measure of hirability. This study skeptical thinking. These findings may help us adds to the limited amount of research examining understand parent career as linked to the kinds of the positive effects of red and shows that the color thinking parents model for children. red may enhance both the physical and non- physical factors that together determine human attractiveness. The results suggest that a red stimulus will have a positive effect on human Room 380-380W affect in situations that include the evaluation of opposite-sex partners by functioning as a sexual symbol, but may have a negative effect on human WORTH THE WEIGHT: HEAVIER ASIAN behavior in performance-based contexts that AMERICANS ARE SEEN AS MORE AMERICAN foster competitiveness. Caitlin S. Handron, Jennifer Wang, Sapna Cheryan COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION: PERSONALITY University of Washington FACTORS AND CORRECTION Mikhail Budnikov Despite an increasing US-born population, Asian The Volgograd State Medical University Americans are often regarded as perpetual foreigners and unrecognized as ‘American’ Modern computer games affording a high level of (Cheryan & Monin, 2005). The present research realism often become an object of addiction. The examines whether Asian Americans that are purpose of the present study was to research heavier, a stereotype commonly associated with personality factors of the computer game Americans (Culter, Glaeser, & Shapiro, 2003), are addiction and to work out the correctional perceived as more American than Asian program on this basis. 146 students aged Americans of normal weight. Sixty eight students between 18-25 years completed the Computer were randomly assigned to see a photo of one of Game Addiction Inventory (developed by us and three Asian American women. The same three validated with expert assessments) and the women were used in both conditions; photos were Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. We edited to reflect a change in weight (the weights marked out the group of addicts, conducted estimated by participants differed on average by correlation and factor analysis and found out that 46 pounds between conditions). Results showed computer game addiction correlates with concrete that heaviert Asian Americans were rated as more thinking, practical orientation and rigid adherence likely to have been born in the US and rated as to stereotypes and rules of a reference group. worse at math than normal weight Asian The key personality factors are anxiety, rigid Americans. This research suggests that weight behavior, aspiration for accessible pleasure, influences perceptions of how marginal in-group communication difficulties and vacillation. The members may fit in as ‘American.’ correctional program including methods of art, cognitive-behavioral and rational therapy consists THE EFFECT OF THE COLOR RED ON of four stages: Diagnosis, Information, Behavior ATTRACTIVENESS AND HIRABILITY modification, Communication recovery. 17 game Julia F. Bussberg, Emily J. Issler, & Holly E. addicts participated in the correctional program Bashore and were subsequently retested and only 2 San Diego State University participants were repeatedly diagnosed with computer game addiction. This result shows the This study investigated the effect of the color red effectiveness of the correction based on the on non-physical attractiveness. According to analysis of the personality factors increasing the previous literature (e.g., Gnambs et al., 2010; risk of computer game addiction. Elliot et al., 2010), the valence of the effect of the color red is context-dependent. In the current THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NOSTRILS IN study, college students read a personality IDENTIFYING COMMON ODORS description of the target person (either “John” or Ralf Schuster “Joan”), and then completed a questionnaire, in San Diego State University which they rated the target’s attractiveness and hirability. The hypothesis that people will rate the The olfactory system and its sensory processes target as more attractive if the personality are underrepresented in psychology literature and description were printed on red paper was knowledge. It is known that functional differences
______[ ]______44 exist between the left and right eyes and ears, but health due to sleep deprivation and interference whether this is also true for the nostrils is relatively on priorities are negative effects. unknown, as the olfactory system is the least understood sensory system. The study evaluated EFFECTS OF RECENT LIFE STRESS ON the seemingly simple question of whether ANHEDONIC SYMPTOMS IN DEPRESSION differences exist between the nostrils when DIFFER BY TYPE OF STRESS identifying common household odors. A 2x3x2 Robert Manley, George M. Slavich, Nancy between-subjects design was used. The variables Brooks, & Diego Pizzagalli were odor presentation to the nostrils, University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins handedness, and gender. Fifty-four blindfolded Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Mclean male and female participants, 18 to 58 years of Hospital/ Harvard Medical School age, were asked to identify 21 samples of Although life stress is strongly associated with common household items by inhaling their odor increased depressive symptomatology, it remains through one nostril at a time. Then the participants unclear whether these effects are similar for were assessed for their handedness by using the different types of stress. To examine this issue, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and for their we assessed individuals’ exposure to recent life taster type through tasting clinical stress, using the interview-based Life Events and phenylthiocarbamide strips. A repeated-measures Difficulties Schedule, and their ability to ANOVA yielded that women identified more odors experience pleasure and reward, using the than men, F(1,42) = 5.69, p = .022. Women also anhedonic symptoms subscale of the Beck identified more odors with their right nostril than Depression Inventory. Because social rejection is men, F(1,42) = 8.37, p = .006. No overall effect strongly related to depression, we hypothesized was found for taster type or handedness on odor that social rejection life events would be identification, but it played a role for specific items. particularly strongly related to anhedonic symptoms of depression. Testing these associations revealed that depressed and non- Room 380-380X depressed participants (n = 62) who experienced recent life stress exhibited more anhedonic UNDERSTANDING ACTIVE symptoms of depression. However, this effect PROCRASTINATION: SELF-EFFICACY AND differed by type of stress. Whereas social TIME PRESSURE AS PREDICTORS rejection life events were strongly associated with Jennie Mae P. Andres, Marian Jessieca C. De elevated levels of anhedonic symptoms of Leon, Dennise Adrianne A. Libongco, Dianne depression (β = .263, p = .039), non-rejection life Paula P. Tiosan events were unrelated to anhedonic symptoms of Miriam College depression (β = .072, p = .578). Additional analyses revealed that social rejection explained We examined whether the factors self-regulation, 14.1% of the variance in participants’ levels of self-efficacy, and time management can predict anhedonic symptoms of depression (R2 = .141, p active procrastination. 200 college students aged = .014). Considered together, these data reveal 17-21 years old from universities in Metro Manila that social rejection and non-social rejection life answered four scales: Active Procrastination events are differentially associated with anhedonic Scale, Academic Self-Regulated Learning Scale, symptoms of depression. General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Time Usage Efficiency Scale. Quantitative results showed that INTO THE WIRED WILD only self-efficacy is a significant predictor (with p = Kayleen Avery, & Marsha Weinraub .032) and the qualitative results seem to agree Temple University with this. Though they plan when to do their schoolwork, active procrastinators still don’t have While previous research suggests that time spent self-control when it comes to procrastinating. in nature is highly correlated with a feeling of Instead of time management, the factor that connectedness to the natural world, it is unclear emerged from the interviews is preference for time whether time spent in virtual nature will yield pressure, one of the underlying characteristics of similar findings. The purpose of this study is to active procrastination according to Chu & Choi explore what effect, if any, distinct virtual nature (2005) and Choi & Moran (2009). Having a sense experiences have on one's self-reported of responsibility and self-efficacy are few of the connectedness to nature. Exposure to a green positive effects of active procrastination. Bad virtual nature setting was hypothesized to increase participant’s relatedness to nature and
______[ ]______45 eco-friendly product interest, but exposure to a STUDENTS THAT WALK LOOKING DOWN: white (arctic), gray (caves), or urban (control) TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL NETWORKING IN condition was not. Undergraduate students (n= UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. 139) were recruited to participate through Temple Miriana Garza, María Mirón University's online subject pool. As part of a 4 Universidad de Monterrey group, between subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to one of three virtual nature Online social networks can be understood as conditions or a non-nature control condition. A groups of interrelated people, mediated by an standardized self-report questionnaire provided a online space with social diversity, open limits and measure of connectedness to nature and a new relative anonymity as participants, where measure was developed to assess green communication is mostly verbal. To measure the consumer interest. No significant differences impact of mobile social networking in the between the four viewing conditions on communication in 62 college students from connectedness to nature were found. Green different majors, a 20-item index based on consumer interest was shown to be positively Sullivan’s interpersonal theory (α= 8.18) was correlated with connectedness to nature across all developed (IIRSM-C for its acronym in Spanish). conditions. Moreover, the Green Consumer The perceived satisfaction with most significant Interest scale was found to be internally reliable (α relationships sustained online and by face-to-face = .90) and demonstrated good discriminant and communication, and whether or not the use of convergent validity. This suggests strong promise online social networks is mediated by the for its future use as a measure of “green” product presence of a significant other were also interest. measured. Students reported answering the smartphone in situations that represented a threat to their social Room 380-380Y status but no real threat to their significant relationships. On the contrary, students reported
not answering the smartphone in situations where THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF significant relationships were at play. There were THE CYBER DEPENDENCY SCALE no significant differences in satisfaction between Ma. Alyssa Monica Castro, Maria Sophie Stella relationships sustained online and those Gatab, Joana Therese Loyola, Cammille Anne sustained with face-to-face communication. The Torres use of online social networks as a form of Miriam College communication does not cause students
complications in significant relationships. This study aimed to develop and validate the Cyber Dependency Scale (CDS). CDS is a 52- item scale that can assess a person’s AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES ON SINGLE dependency on the cyber world. Online tests were TASKING AND MULTITASKING EFFICIENCY administered to a total of 400 participants from Hanna Karina M. Abellera, Rojani M. Bathan, seven different colleges and universities. A high Michelle Angela T. Bonsay & Katrina Lai Z. Dizon reliability coefficient (0.97) was obtained from 100 Miriam College pre-test participants. CDS scores were correlated with two psychological constructs: Compulsive The experiment has three main goals: 1) identify Internet Use Scale (r=.636, p=<.001), confirming which type of tasking, single tasking or the concurrent validty. Convergent validity with multitasking, is more efficient; 2) find out if there is shyness (r=.067, p=.334) was not supported as a significant difference in the different age groups’ hypothesized. A significant gender difference was task efficiency; and, 3) ascertain if there is a found on CDS scores (t=-2.139, df =198, p=0.034) significant difference between males’ and females’ hence confirming the known-groups validity as task efficiency. In addition, this study included an hypothesized. CDS is reliable in measuring one’s analysis of interaction effect between gender and cyber dependency; however, further validation task type. Using a convenience sampling method, tests are advised. 180 participants (90 males and 90 females; 60 participants per age group) were students from various schools in Metropolitan Manila, ages 11 to 12, 15 to 16 and 19 to 20. The Task Efficiency Software (TES) is a specifically designed instrument and measure of the tasking efficiency in single tasking and multitasking conditions.
______[ ]______46 Results revealed that single tasking is more efficient than multitasking. Moreover, all of the age Poster Session II groups performed better in single tasking than in Abstracts multitasking. However, there was no significant difference in the tasking efficiency of males and females. There was also no significant interaction effect between gender and task type. Math Courtyard BEYOND BODY SATISFACTION: DOES SELF- COMPASSION PROMOTE A HEALTHIER BODY EFFECTS OF SPACING IN MULTIMEDIA IMAGE? LEARNING Aubrey Toole, Juliana Breines, Serena Chen Emiline Musarra University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles
In light of the fact that 80% of American women Previous research on multimedia learning has are dissatisfied with their appearance (Smolak, shown that the simultaneous presentation of Levine, & Striegel-Moore, 1996), new approaches animation and narration is more beneficial for for the treatment and prevention of unhealthy learning than separate presentations of the two body image warrant exploration. Self-compassion modalities (Mayer & Anderson, 1991, 1992). (Neff, 2003a), which is associated with Previous research has also established the psychological health and well-being (Neff, 2011) mnemonic benefits of spaced practice over and a more balanced emotional response to massed practice despite participants’ strong negative thoughts about the self (Leary, Tate, preference for massing to-be-learned information Adams, Allen, & Hancock, 2007) offers a novel (e.g., Ebbinghaus, 1885; Kornell & Bjork, 2008). method for promoting a healthier body image. The The current study combines these two areas of present study examined the effect of research by applying the spacing effect to experimentally induced self-compassion for a multimedia learning in order to discover if the perceived body flaw on thin-ideal endorsement, benefits of spacing can reduce the discrepancy in body objectification, and eating behavior in performance between separated and college-aged females. Before completing simultaneous multimedia learning conditions. dependent measures, participants were randomly Twenty-four undergraduate students have thus far assigned to reflect in writing on a perceived body participated in a 3X2 between-subjects design; flaw with either body-compassion or body-esteem. participants view one of three power-point It was hypothesized that participants in the body- presentations (simultaneous animation and compassion condition, compared to a body- narration, animation then narration, or narration esteem control condition, would show less then animation) on the life cycle of a star a total of endorsement of the thin-ideal, less body three times in either the massed (back-to-back) or objectification, less actual and anticipated spaced (separated by a 5-minute distracter) restrained eating, and less mindless eating. With condition, followed by a free recall and transfer the exception of restrained eating, all results test. This study is the first known effort to examine supported hypotheses. These findings reveal spacing in the context of multimedia learning, and potential new angles from which to approach the the results will help clarify the extent of the treatment and prevention of negative body image spacing effect as well as the beneficial conditions and unhealthy eating. for multimedia learning.
THE EFFECTS OF DOODLING ON MEMORY
RECALL
Jessica T. Kao
Yosemite High School
This is an experiment designed to investigate the
effects of doodling, aimless sketching, on memory
recall. This experiment investigates whether
doodling impairs performance by being a
distraction or whether it improves memory by
aiding concentration (Do & Schallert, 2004) and maintaining arousal (Wilson & Korn, 2007). The
______[ ]______47 experimental group (n=15; 8 Females; 7 Males) Findings suggest that children with elevated and the control group (n=15; 4 Females; 11 ADHD symptoms disproportionately benefit from Males) consisted of an opportunity sample of 16- high parental involvement compared to children 18 year olds from two College Preparatory English with fewer symptoms. Greater parental classes. The participants were predominately involvement may optimize the development of Caucasian students from a rural high school in children with ADHD. Central California. The experiment was conducted as a between groups design with the same UNDERGRADUATE GERONTOLOGICAL standardized test and recording. In the CAREER INTEREST: LINKING experimental group, participants were asked to INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTEDNESS doodle while simultaneously writing down modes AND AGEISM of transportation heard in a recording of Karen Yang, Elizabeth J. Krumrei, & Tomas someone’s trip. The control group was asked to Martinez do the same without doodling. After, all Pepperdine University participants were to complete a memory recall test, listing a maximum of ten cities mentioned in This study examined the hypothesis that a the recording. The independent variable is the positive relationship would exist between task of doodling and the dependent variable is the intergenerational connectedness and number of cities recalled on the memory recall gerontological career interest and that this test. The one-tailed t-test demonstrated that there relationship would be mediated by ageism. This was no significance at the p<.05 level, showing hypothesis is based on previous research and the that memory recall was not significantly influenced Model of Interest in Aging (Gorelik, Damron- by doodling at the 99.5% level of confidence. Rodriguez, Funderburk, & Solomon, 2000), which states that personal contact with older adults LEVELS OF PARENT INTERACTION AS precedes gerontological career interest. PREDICTOR FOR ACADEMIC PEFORMANCE Undergraduate students (n=140) ages 18 to 24 IN ADHD CHILDREN years rated gerontological career interest and Milica Sapungin, James Li, Steve Lee responded to select scales of Furman’s (1985) University of California at Los Angeles Network of Relationships Inventory and Polizzi’s (2003) refined Aging Semantic Differential. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity Intergenerational connectedness had a negative disorder (ADHD) have worse academic outcomes relationship with ageism and a positive compared to typically-developing peers (Barry, relationship with gerontological career interest. Lyman & Klinger, 2002). Although parental Ageism was not a predictor of gerontological involvement may alleviate academic problems in career interest or a mediator in the relationship healthy children, relatively little is known about its between intergenerational connectedness and influence among children with ADHD (Rogers et. gerontological career interest. Thus, factors other al. 2009). than ageism may play a greater role in 80 5 to 10 year-old children (71% male) with and undergraduate career interest. Findings suggest without ADHD participated in an experimental that promoting intergenerational connectedness parent-child interaction task (see Grolnick et al., might reduce ageism and encourage 2002 for details). Parents were randomly assigned gerontological career interest. to either a high or low involvement parenting Keywords: ageism, intergenerational condition and instructed to follow scripts. Working connectedness, gerontology, career interest together, the task consisted of giving directions on a map. Parents rated ADHD symptoms using the PRE-STIMULUS CUE MODULATION Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale INCREASES RESPONSE ACCUARACY (DBDRS). The task was scored on the number of DURING ATTENTION TASK correct directions provided. Anya L. Baroff Using linear regression and controlling for child University of California, Santa Barbara age, sex, race-ethnicity, we found a significant interaction between parenting and ADHD The Attentional Blink phenomenon describes the symptoms for map scores (B=.69, p<.05). inability to detect a second target stimulus a short Specifically, ADHD symptoms inversely predicted period after the first. There have been several scores for the low involvement condition (B=-.57, theories to describe this phenomenon, such as p< .05) but not for the high involvement condition the resource-depletion hypothesis and the (B=-.02, p=.94). temporary loss of control over the attentional set
______[ ]______48 (TLC). Previous studies suggest that pre-stimulus The current study examines how recall is modulations can affect attention-oriented tasks impacted when notes are taken from a video via and impact behavioral performance. This study either paper or computer. Approximately 72 tests for the effect of pre-stimulus modulations at undergraduate participants aged 18-26 viewed a various lag intervals on behavioral performance. projected documentary in a classroom setting. Three independent variables were tested: lag Due to financial constraints, participants were time, validity of trial and type of target (present or assigned to note-taking conditions (i.e., paper vs. absent). The dependent variable of response laptop) based on convenience related to the accuracy of identifying Target 2 was tested as a availability of a personal laptop. At the conclusion function of lag. The results provide evidence that of the documentary, a 10-item multiple choice response accuracy of identifying the second target comprehension assessment was administered. is a function of both lag and validity only during After the assessment, participants completed a the T2 present condition. These findings support survey regarding their preferred note-taking the TLC model and provide evidence that pre- method. Data was sorted into groups according stimulus cues affect performance on attentional to note taking mode. The non-parametric tasks directed by executive brain functioning. alternative to the two-sample t- test, the Mann- Whitney U was used to analyze the data (Weiss, THE EFFECTS OF LEARNING MODALITIES ON 1999). A significance difference was found READING COMPREHENSION between the test scores of typed notes vs. written Jazmin Jones notes ( U = 889.0). Yosemite High School MAXIMAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY AT This experiment, based on the Dual-Coding PHYSICAL AND SUBJECTIVE ZERO theory, investigated the effects of different CONTRAST learning modalities, such as auditory, visual, and Alexandra E. Boehm, Jenny Bosten, Donald I. A. visual with auditory on reading comprehension. Macleod The control group (n=14; 3 Females and 11 University of California, San Diego males), experimental group 1 (n=17; 6 Females and 11 males), and experimental group 2 (n=26; When a low spatial frequency stimulus (a blob) 13 Female and 13 Male), consisted of an remains at a fixed position on the retina, it fades opportunity sample of 16-18 year olds from three from view, an illusion known as Troxler fading. college-level Government 12 classes. The When a faded blob is removed, an after-image of participants were predominantly Caucasian the blob is perceived. Troxler fading puts at odds students from a rural area in Central California. physical zero contrast (the faded blob is removed The experiment was a within design and carried but an after-image is present), and subjective zero out during three class periods. The control group contrast (a blob is present but completely faded). silently read a passage and took a comprehension Contrast sensitivity is usually maximal at zero test. Experimental group 1 listened to the contrast, but does maximal sensitivity occur at recording of the passage and took the physical, or subjective, zero contrast, or both? An comprehension test. Experimental group 2 silently experiment included three conditions where the read and listened to the recording of the passage, adapting blobs were fully faded, partially faded, or and took the comprehension test. The dependent not faded. On each trial test blobs were applied to variable was mean scores on a comprehension each adapting location when the adapting blobs, if test.The independent variable was modalities of present in that condition, were removed. We used learning. A one-tailed ANOVA demonstrated that a four-alternative forced choice method to at the p<.05 level, there was no significance. measure contrast sensitivity as a function of test Different modalities of learning had no influence blob contrast. Results indicate that following full on scores at the 95% level of confidence. Dually fading there are two minima of contrast threshold: coding different modalities of learning seems to one at subjective zero contrast and the other near not make a difference on reading comprehension. physical zero contrast. In the other two conditions, there was only one minimum. Results suggest RECALLING INFORMATION: HANDWRITTEN that contrast sensitivity is regulated at several NOTES VS. TYPED NOTES levels of the visual system, both before and after Karen S. Duran fading. Sierra Nevada College
______[ ]______49 PHONOLOGICAL EFFECT ON LEXICON Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is DECISION IN CHINESE: DO SKILLED the most common childhood mental disorder, with READERS DEMONSTRATE LARGER a worldwide prevalence of 5.3% (Polanczyk et al., PHONOLOGICAL? 2007). Behavioral manifestations of ADHD, as Pui Pui Cheung well as its common comorbidities (e.g., University of Southern California aggression, emotional lability) significantly influence parental stress (Graziano et al., 2011). The purpose of this study is to examine whether Nevertheless, the specific associations of ADHD skilled readers demonstrate a larger phonological symptoms and comorbid externalizing and effect in lexical decisions. Previous studies internalizing behaviors with various aspects of examined the role of phonology in English parental stress have not yet been elucidated. reading, and some of the results show that Therefore, we examined the associations of phonology plays a key role in mediating word ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct identification. However, the role of phonology in disorder, major depression, and anxiety Chinese reading is less well understood. We symptoms of 190 ethnically diverse (51% White) expect that participants will take longer to make a 5- to 10-year-old children (M = 7.4; SD = 1.15) on lexical or semantic decision for the words with several domains of parental stress, ascertained longer pronunciations, reflecting their reliance on with the Parenting Stress Index. Whereas ADHD an internal mental representation of the word’s symptoms were significantly associated with multi- pronunciation. Moreover, we hypothesize that domain parental stress, other externalizing and more fluent readers of Chinese will show a larger internalizing symptoms were not. Child ADHD effect of pronunciation length, indicating they are symptoms may be an important intervention target more reliant on phonology as an adjunct to to potentially alleviate parental stress and improve reading Chinese characters. In Experiment 1, total parent-child relationships. of 30 native speakers who used Simplified Chinese characters participated in a lexical THE ASIAN INVASION, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, decision task. They were told to judge whether the AND THE ECONOMIC ROOTS BEHIND IT ALL stimuli are real or pseudo characters. However, Jennifer Wan, James Telesford the result showed no significant differences University of California, Berkeley between characters with long or short vowel length. Experiment 2 investigated the role played Members of diverse social groups are enrolling in by phonology in a semantic categorization task increasing numbers on university campuses. Such tested given to another 40 native Chinese diversity offers both opportunities and risks for speakers. Participants had to judge whether a conflict. Indeed, the contact hypothesis holds that single character was a noun or a verb. Results of as groups come into contact with one another, Experiment 2 indicated a significant difference in they can gain an appreciation of one another the reaction time for categorizing words with long which, in turn, improves cross-group relationships and short vowel lengths. Further inspection of the (Allport, 1954). The realistic conflict theory, data revealed the effect was present for verbs but however, posits that when different groups must not nouns, and it was significant for lower fluency share and compete for the same limited readers but not higher fluency readers for verbs. resources, hostilities can arise (Sheriff, 1966). As We concluded that no phonology mediation was Asian Americans have surpassed majority group found in lexical decision members in terms of enrollment on some college but in semantic categorization, revealing that campuses, we examined the tenets of realistic people may rely more on phonology in semantic conflict theory in the context of opinions toward categorization. However, it was puzzling that the university enrollment policies toward members of effect was only found for verbs, and further this group (i.e., affirmative action). investigation using this novel method is needed. We administered an online questionnaire to 87 European American participants on a minority- THE ASSOCIATIONS OF CHILD majority campus. Because affirmative action is EXTERNALIZING AND INTERNALIZING typically framed as a social policy, we DISORDER SYMPTOMS WITH MULTI-DOMAIN hypothesized that attitudes toward social policies PARENTAL STRESS would predict majority-group members’ opinions Sofia T. Stepanyan, Shirag K. Shemmassian, & about affirmative action. However, consistent with Steve S. Lee a realistic conflict theory account, it was actually University of California, Los Angeles ideologies toward economic policy that were the strongest predictor of attitudes toward affirmative
______[ ]______50 action. The implications of these findings for kindergarten. Language interactions at home and influencing public opinion on such issues will be school during the preschool years are critical discussed. contexts for the development of these skills. The present study examined the influence of THE EFFECT OF NEUTRAL AND HUBRISTIC caregivers’ and teachers’ language use on PRIDE ON CHARITABLE GIVING IN THE children’s socio-emotional development. Forty PUBLIC GOODS GAME Latino preschoolers, their mothers, and Head Simone N. Radliff Start teachers participated in this two-year Yosemite High School longitudinal study. At the beginning of Year 1, caregiver-child and teacher-child naturalistic This experiment is designed to investigate the language interactions were recorded. At the end effects of neutral and hubristic pride on charitable of both school years, children’s socio-emotional giving in the Public Goods Game (PGG). Neutral skills were assessed through teacher and pride is a type of pride that one has without being investigator assessments. Language interactions primed for hubristic pride. Hubristic pride is pride were transcribed and verified using a that stems from oneself. The PGG is a simple standardized system, and coded for evaluative economic card game in which the participants will language (e.g., talk about emotions). Results either choose to keep or donate hypothetical show that mothers’ evaluative language was money to a charity. This experiment seeks to predictive of children’s positive learning behaviors discover if hubristic pride will cause a lesser only for the first year of Head Start, whereas amount of charitable giving in the PGG than teachers’ evaluation predicted levels of self- neutral pride. The control group (9 Females and regulation during the second year. Results are 13 Males) and experimental group (8 Females discussed in relation to the independent and joint and 10 Males) consist of an opportunity sample of contributions of both home and school for predominately Caucasian, English-speaking 16-18 children’s development of school readiness skills. year old students from two junior level “History of the United States” classes at a rural high school in RISK-TAKING BEHAVIORS IN FIRST the Northwestern region of the United States of GENERATION IMMIGRANT ADOLESCENTS: America. The study was conducted using a THE ROLE OF ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AND between-subjects design using two separate SOCIAL SUPPORT classes. In the first group, the students were Josephine M. Palmeri, Selcuk R. Sirin, Taveeshi primed for neutral pride before proceeding with Gupta, & Sammy F. Ahmed the PGG; in the second, the students were primed New York University for hubristic pride. The independent variable was the type of priming administered, neutral or Acculturative stress arises when immigrants’ hubristic. The dependent variable was the experience difficulty in reconciling differences amount of charitable giving in United States between their home and host cultures. Research currency occurring in the PGG. A one-tailed t-test shows that acculturative stress can lead to determined there was no significance at the p<.05 negative outcomes, yet limited research examines level, therefore accepting the null hypothesis that its effect on risk-taking behaviors. Theory and there will be no significant difference in the research also suggests that social support may amount of charitable giving depending on the type buffer acculturative stress by providing a space of priming administered. where immigrants’ identities are validated. The present study examined (1) whether acculturative LATINO PRESCHOOLERS' SOCIO-EMOTIONAL stress predicts risk-taking behaviors in first DEVELOPMENT: CAREGIVER AND TEACHER generation immigrant 11th graders within an USE OF EVALUATION urban context (N = 189, female = 50.8%) and (2) Lauren Scarola whether social support moderates this relation. New York University Acculturative stress was measured using Societal, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental-Revised- National statistics show that the majority of Latino Short Form (Mena, Padilla, & Maldonado, 1987; α children enter kindergarten without the skills = .85). Risk-taking behaviors were measured by necessary for school success. Although these Youth Risk Behavior Survey (Brener et al., 2002; basic school readiness skills include literacy and α = .85). Social support was measured by Support numeracy, socio-emotional abilities, such as self- Networks Measure (Suárez-Orozco, Suárez- regulation and learning behaviors, are also Orozco, & Todorova, 2011; α = .83 academic, α = necessary for a successful transition into .86 emotional). Hierarchical regression analysis
______[ ]______51 revealed that academic support significantly hundred and eight students from a small, liberal moderated the relation between acculturative arts college completed self-report measures of stress and risk-taking behaviors (β = .249, t = FOS, success modeling, and demographic 2.626, p = .01), yet emotional support had no information. It was hypothesized that (1) no sex impact on this relation. Results suggest that in differences would be found and that (2) success times of high acculturative stress, immigrants with modeling would be negatively related to FOS. low academic support experience less marijuana Contrary to the first hypothesis, females averaged usage. higher FOS scores than did males, t(105) = -3.76, p < .01. With regard to the second hypothesis, a THE POTENTIAL MODERATING ROLE OF regression analysis revealed that college CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS BETWEEN enrollment of parents was the only success REACTIVE AND PROACTIVE AGGRESSION ON modeling item related to FOS. College enrollment CONDUCT DISORDER of parents accounted for 2.7% of the variance in Jacqueline Moses, Whitney A. Brammer, M.A., FOS among students. These results suggest that, and Steve S. Lee, Ph.D. despite recent societal evidence of equitable University of California, Los Angeles achievement between the sexes, women may still be inhibited by higher levels of FOS. The present Reactive aggression (RA) and proactive findings also suggest that parental modeling of aggression (PA) have both demonstrated links success may be more influential than peer with conduct disorder (CD) (Frick, 2003). modeling of success. However, these relationships may be moderated by callous-unemotional (CU) traits (Marsee & FACTORS IN SUPPORT PROVISION QUALITY: Frick, 2007). The objectives of my study are to THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION investigate the associations of RA and PA with AND CONTROLLABILITY OF THE STRESSFUL CD and explore whether CU traits moderate these EVENT relationships. Using an ethnically-diverse sample Christina Khong, Josh Wiley, Heidi Kane Ph.D., of 6-9 year-old children with and without ADHD Ted Robles Ph.D. (n=99), children and parents were evaluated using University of California, Los Angeles structured diagnostic interviews and rating scales. Consistent with past research, I predict that PA Stressful events may result from either will more robustly predict CD relative to RA, and controllable or uncontrollable circumstances. In that CU traits will moderate these associations. couples, does controllability of their partner’s After controlling for ADHD, CU traits significantly stressful event or quality of their relationship interacted with both RA (β=.325, p=.015) and PA influence how they help their partner cope? To (β=-.388, p=.004). Specifically, RA and PA were test this question, participants (N = 130) came to more strongly associated with CD in children with the lab as part of a larger study of couple low CU traits relative to children with moderate or functioning with their partner. While their partner high CU traits. Implications include clarifying was completing an activity in another room, we pathways to negative outcomes and improving the asked participants to respond to a hypothetical identification of youth subgroups who, based on vignette in which they imagined their partner CU traits, exhibit more CD symptomatology. describing a stressful situation. We manipulated whether or not partners had control over the THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCCESS outcome of the situation (controllability). Prior to MODELING AND FEAR OF SUCCESS IN the laboratory session, participants completed a COLLEGE STUDENTS relationship quality questionnaire. The design was Elizabeth Coe, Steven V. Rouse, and Elizabeth J. between subjects 2 (relationship quality) x 2 Krumrei (controllability). Analyses revealed that in Pepperdine University response to a controllable situation, participants were more likely to respond negatively (e.g., Fear of success (FOS) is the tendency to be criticize). In high quality relationships, participants anxious about achievement due to the belief that were more likely to boost their partners’ self- achievement may have negative consequences, esteem. In addition, there was an interaction on such as overwhelming responsibility or social participants’ reports of expressing understanding. ostracism. The present study examined FOS in Participants in high quality relationships relation to biological sex and success modeling, expressed understanding regardless of operationally defined as college enrollment and controllability of the situation, whereas participants college interest of peers and parents. One in low quality relationships expressed less
______[ ]______52 understanding when the situation was controllable to associate with fewer ADHD symptoms in compared to uncontrollable. These results have children over time. implications for understanding how high quality Forty-two children, aged 5 to 10 years-old, were relationships may be beneficial in helping partners assessed at baseline and again approximately cope with stressful situations. two years later. Parents rated on their child’s ADHD symptoms at both time points using the THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale THEORY OF MIND MEASURE (DBDRS). Positive parenting behaviors (e.g., Christina A. Palmrose, Tasha M. Oswald, Louis J. praise, involvement) were measured from the Moses Alabama Parenting Questionnaire at follow-up. University of Oregon Using linear regression, positive parenting did not predict a change in ADHD symptoms over time Theory of Mind (ToM), or the ability to attribute (B=2.29, p=.42). mental states, such as beliefs and feelings, to Although positive parenting was unrelated to oneself and others, undergoes dramatic ADHD symptoms in our small sample, other development during the preschool years. For this developmental factors may play an important role reason, the focus of ToM research has been on in the trajectory of ADHD symptoms, including the preschool period. Yet, cortical regions that peer relationships (Chronis et al., 2007). Other support ToM processing undergo extensive facets of parenting, such as negative or development during later childhood and inconsistent parenting, may also be important adolescence. Currently in the field we are lacking indicators in the development of ADHD, paradigms that index later ToM developments. particularly regarding their subsistence over time. Thus, we aimed to design a new paradigm to assess advances in ToM in typically developing THE RELATIONSHIP OF AMERICAN IDENTITY school-aged children and adolescents. The AND COLLECTIVISM ON SOCIAL ANXIETY paradigm consisted of 14 vignettes that described AND SELF-ESTEEM complex social interactions involving sophisticated Davis Vo, Linda Juang ToM concepts, such as evasion, indirect request, University of California, Santa Barbara and backhanded compliment. In the design of this paradigm, several factors were controlled for, The present study examines if a relationship including length of vignettes, syntax complexity, between one’s sense of American identity and and story structure. Participants were typically endorsement of collectivist values is positively developing youth (17 male; 16 female) ranging in related to one’s psychological well-being. The age from 10.09 - 17.9 years (M = 14.9 years). sample included 3748 ethnically diverse college Using a partial correlation analysis, controlling for students (M age = 19.8, SD = 1.64). Participants verbal IQ, we found age-related improvements in were asked to fill out the American identity scale, ToM for this older developmental population, r(30) individualism-collectivism scale, social anxiety = .37, p = .04. These results suggest that our new interaction scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem paradigm may be an appropriate tool for scale. The results show that higher levels of assessing advanced ToM in older children and American identity and vertical/horizontal adolescents. collectivism correlated with lower social anxiety and higher self-esteem. Using multiple regression, POSITIVE PARENTING BEHAVIOR AND ADHD it was found that among African-Americans, East SYMPTOMS OVER TIME Asians, Southeast Asians, and Latinos, there was Alice J.Y. Jung, Daniella Perez, Jocelyn Meza, an interaction between American identity and James J. Li, Steve S. Lee horizontal collectivism on social anxiety (but not University of California-Los Angeles self-esteem). Those who scored high on American identity and had high horizontal Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder collectivism exhibited lower levels of social (ADHD) is highly stable over time (Larsson et al., anxiety. Acculturation theory suggests that by the 2005), positive parenting behaviors (e.g., praise, use of the bicultural acculturation strategy, high involvement) may reduce the risk of poor involvement in both American and heritage outcomes among children with ADHD (Chronis et cultures among ethnic minorities may relate to al., 2007). We explored the potential role of better health and social outcomes. positive parenting on ADHD symptoms using data from a two-year prospective longitudinal study. High positive parenting behaviors were predicted
______[ ]______53 PURCHASING BEHAVIOR AND RELATEDNESS significant interaction of life satisfaction x Darwin A. Guevarra & Ryan T. Howell generational status (i.e., 2nd generation AAs who San Francisco State University were satisfied with life tended to have less distress, but not 1st generation AAs). Findings Previous studies have shown that spending show that 2nd generation AAs less satisfied with money on experiential purchases contributes life tended to re-experience distress during more to the psychological need of relatedness negative self-reflection. We speculate that life than material purchases (Howell & Hill, 2009). satisfaction may protect 2nd generation AAs from Some have pointed out that this may be because experiencing distress, as they are more experiential purchases naturally occur in more acculturated into the U.S. culture. Our findings social settings. To explore whether the presence provide support for cultural differences in the role of others is the main factor for the purchase type of life satisfaction in its relationship with post- and relatedness satisfaction effect, participants reflection distress. were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions in a 2 (purchase type: material vs. CAN ULTIMATUM BARGAINING DECISIONS BE experiential) X 2 (social factor: alone or with ALTERED BY PRIMED THOUGHTS others) between subjects design. Participants Cynthia C. Flores & Dong-Wong Choi described a recent purchase they made and California State University East Bay answered questions on relatedness. An analysis of variance was conducted (ANOVA) on purchase We examined participants’ ultimatum bargaining relatedness satisfaction. There was a main effect after having them write about the equality norm or of purchase type F(1,402) = 12.03, p = .001 and a the norm of rationality in making offers. This study main effect of social factor F(1,402) = 15.84, p < tested the hypothesis that when primed with the .001. There was also an interaction effect of equality norm, an offer will be more generous than purchase type and social factor on relatedness if primed with the rationality norm. Each F(1,402) = 4.84, p = .028. An experiential participant was told they would be splitting 20 purchase with others provided the most points between themselves and another person. relatedness. A material purchase with others We asked participants to respond in writing to one provides similar relatedness to solo experiential of two questions before making a bargaining offer; purchases. Our results suggest that experiential one asked why a player would only accept an purchases have unique properties that contribute offer of 10 or more (equality norm prime), and the more to relatedness. second asked why a player would accept anything greater than 0 (rationality norm prime). There was THE ROLE OF LIFE SATISFACTION IN a third condition where no such question was NEGATIVE SELF-REFLECTION: ARE THERE asked (the control condition). Based on a one-way CULTURAL DIFFERENCES? ANOVA we found that participants in the equality Christopher Hur, Mai See Yang, and Ahra Ko norm prime condition made higher level offers University of California, Los Angeles than participants in the other conditions (p=.054). The results suggest that primed thoughts during Cultural variations exist between the West and bargaining may influence the type of offers East in the role of happiness. Easterners achieve exchanged during bargaining. happiness through balancing positive and negative experiences, whereas Westerners ADVANTAGED ALLIES? ENGAGING THE achieve happiness through maximizing positive PRIVILEGED IN COLLECTIVE ACTION FOR and minimizing negative experiences (Wong, SOCIAL CHANGE 2008). The purpose of this study was to examine Fabian M. H. Schellhaas, John F. Dovidio, & Elze the relationships between life satisfaction and G. Ufkes emotion regulation, as well as the effects of life Yale University; University of Groningen; satisfaction on negative self-reflection across 1st University of Twente and 2nd generation Asian Americans (AAs). 103 AAs (50 1st generations) were instructed to reflect Collective action research has traditionally on a negative event. Mood was assessed before neglected the potential of advantaged groups to and after the self-reflection task. Correlational challenge the system that privileges them. This analyses revealed that 2nd generation AAs’ life study addresses the theme in two novel ways. satisfaction was negatively correlated with First, it formulates a procedural model, based on emotional reactivity and dialectical thinking. the Social Identity Model of Collective Action Hierarchical regression analyses showed a (SIMCA; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears,
______[ ]______54 2008). Identification with the disadvantaged was effects of music on athletes or on customers hypothesized to predict collective action making purchasing decisions. tendencies through group-based anger and participative efficacy. Additionally, perceived THE EFFECTS OF READING FROM illegitimacy of the inequality was expected to TRADITIONAL PRINT (PAPERBACK BOOKS) qualify the effects of identification. Second, this COMPARED TO ELECTRONIC READERS ON research examines whether improving intergroup READING COMPREHENSION relations can stimulate collective action on behalf Sarah Mosley of the disadvantaged. Two strategies were Yosemite High School proposed: Activating a superordinate identity that connects advantaged and disadvantaged groups Technology is becoming a larger part of students’ representationally (“recategorization”), and everyday lives, and the introduction of electronic communicating functional intergroup contact readers, such as The Nook™, has many people between members of the advantaged and wondering if individuals comprehend better or disadvantaged groups (“extended contact”). Each worse when reading from an electronic screen in strategy was expected to energize collective comparison to reading from traditional print. This action tendencies. Combined analyses with two experiment replicates the experiment of Matthew majority group samples (N = 271) provided Kerr and Sonya Symons with some alterations. empirical support for both predictions. Students were asked to read a short story on Unexpectedly, it was also found that combining traditionally printed books, and other students recategorization and indirect contact undermined were asked to read the same story from an advantaged group members’ willingness to electronic reader. Upon completion of this task, challenge the status quo. The possibility of students were given a comprehension quiz. The distinctiveness threat is discussed. mean scores of both test groups quizzes were compared by using a one-tailed T-test and the data showed no significant difference at the 95% level of confidence between students’ Linguistics Courtyard comprehension levels when reading from traditionally printed books in comparison to students who read from an electronic reader. EFFECTS OF MUSIC TEMPO ON COGNITIVE SPEED AND ACCURACY DIGITAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION IN Lucas D. Custer, Kyle J. Davidson, & Sylvia Luu CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG COLLEGE Miami University STUDENTS. Matthew Bui In recent years, studies about the effects of music University of California, Los Angeles on cognitive processes have become more and more prevalent in the field of psychology. The aim of this study was to utilize a social Researchers have looked at the effects of musical psychological approach and gain insight into how qualities such as amplitude and tempo on individuals and groups of individuals had been participants’ performance abilities. The current affected by the increased usage of digital media study is looking at how music tempo affects communication as a channel for interpersonal reaction speed and accuracy. Researchers communication. The researcher investigated how predicted that fast music would decrease reaction communication through the means of Facebook time but increase errors, compared to slow music messaging, instant messaging, and text or no music. Another prediction was that listening messaging had emerged as prevalent forms of to slow music would increase errors but have no communication between college students--and effect on reaction time, compared to no music. To how these relationships consequently were test this, participants (N = 41) pressed a particular affected as digital communication substituted key if a randomly presented letter of the alphabet face-to-face or phone call communication. followed one of two randomly occurring rules. To conduct the study, invitations to participate in Results did not support either hypothesis but did an online survey were sent to undergraduate show a significant decrease in reaction time for students at a premier California university. These those who listened to music compared to those surveys included questions regarding the who did not. This supports the concept of music students’ roommate relationships, their individual as an “arousal inducer,” increasing performance conflict resolution strategies, and their digital speed. Further research could investigate the media usage. By focusing on the ways in which
______[ ]______55 roommates resolved conflict through digital media, sympathetic target. The strength model of self the study highlighted key motivations within each control predicts that inhibiting empathy may cause individual that were related to higher levels of declines in blood glucose because tasks requiring digital media usage to communicate, including: mental effort (like self-control) cause higher saving face, convenience, and habit. glucose consumption in the brain (Gailliot et al., Furthermore, through the utilization of the Social 2007). Other theorists have posited the opposite: Network Analysis framework in assessing data, empathizing may be effortful and cognitively the study illustrated the ways in which social depleting (Hodges & Wegner, 1997), thus perhaps network structures, or relations between leading to lower glucose levels. In the current individuals, were impacted with the rise in digital study we explore the effect of empathizing versus media communication. remaining objective on glucose levels. Seventy participants provided a baseline THE GOLDEN COMPASS: DETECTION OF peripheral blood glucose sample. Next, all INCLINATION IN A NOVEL CONDITIONING participants listened to a radio program about a PARADIGM college student who had recently experienced a Merissa L. Acerbi, Verner P. Bingman and personal tragedy (Batson et al, 1997). Participants Cordula V. Mora were randomly assigned to remain objective Bowling Green State University (“focus on the information, not the emotions”) or to empathize with her situation (“imagine her feelings Homing pigeons are able to return to their loft and perspectives”). Immediately after listening, from distant and unfamiliar places and have participants provided a second glucose sample. become one of the main model species to study We conducted a repeated-measures ANOVA to avian navigation. To determine direction during examine the effect of Condition (Objective versus homing, pigeons possess a magnetic compass. Empathizing) on changes in glucose. A Condition This compass is an inclination compass X Time interaction emerged, F(1,68)=6.93, p=.01. measuring the angle between the magnetic field Paired samples t-tests found that glucose vector and the Earth's surface. The objective of remained stable over time in the Objective this study was to develop a novel conditioning condition (M1=94.3, M2=96.0), t(36)=-1.17, p=.25, paradigm, which would permit us for the first time but significantly declined in the Empathize to investigate the sensory mechanisms underlying condition (M1=91.9, M2=88.9), t(32)=2.95, the pigeon’s magnetic compass in the laboratory. p=.006. Four pigeons, walking inside a circular arena Considering recent research questioning the whilst attached to a horizontal tracker arm, were meaning of glucose declines (Kurzban, 2010) and required to solve a spatial task based on magnetic other studies finding increases in glucose during inclination cues to obtain a food reward. The stressors (Hall & Brown, 1978), we discuss pigeons were able to discriminate between the whether glucose declines might best be feeders associated with the minimum and interpreted as evidence for better stress- maximum inclination values. During sessions for regulation. which an iron-based putative magnetoreceptor was impaired by local anesthesia, the mean PRIOR LEARNING INFLUENCES RAT'S discrimination performance fell to chance level DECISION-MAKING STRATEGIES IN (50%), as it did during control sessions, for which AMBIGUOUS SITUATIONS the magnetic coils were turned off. Ongoing Maria Cornejo, Cynthia Fast, & Aaron Blaisdell research will also be testing whether there is an Ph.D. equivalent area in this species' forebrain University of California, Los Angeles associated with processing magnetic directional information as previously found in migratory birds. Previous research by Fast & Blaisdell (2011) found that rats trained on a challenging non-linear EMPATHIZING CAUSES DECLINES IN BLOOD negative patterning (NP) procedure (A+, B+, AB-; GLUCOSE: EGO DEPLETION OR STRESS + and – denote reinforcement and non- REGULATION? reinforcement respectively; A and B were visual Ian Clark, Adam Sitzmann, Dr. Sara Konrath, cues), responded differently at test when a cue Andrea Fuhrel-Forbis was ambiguously absent (light covered by an University of Michigan opaque shield) compared to when it was explicitly absent (light uncovered and unlit). These results We examine a physiological effect of empathizing were not seen in the group trained with a simpler versus remaining objective after exposure to a linear positive patterning (PP) procedure (A-, B-,
______[ ]______56 AB+). We investigated if this sensitivity to THE EFFECTS OF THE PRESENCE OF ambiguous situations at test was influenced by REPRESENTATIVE INFORMATION ON THE solution strategy (linear/non-linear) or task FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT difficulty (NP requires significantly more days to Garrett Baltz learn than PP). Rats were trained on a PP task, a Yosemite High School challenging concurrent PP and NP task, OR two concurrent PP tasks. Rats were then tested with This is a study designed to investigate the effects one of the cues either ambiguously or explicitly of the presence of representative information on absent. Our results support the hypothesis that the false consensus effect as measured by the solution strategy influences problem-solving in mean score received on a survey where ambiguous situations; only rats that learned NP in representative information was given or not given. addition to PP treated the test situations The false consensus effect is an egocentric bias differently. that occurs when people who engage in a given behavior will estimate that behavior to be more EFFECTS OF POSITIVE SELF STATEMENTS common than it is estimated to be by people who ON EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING IN engage in alternative behaviors. Participants DEPRESSION consisted of an opportunity sample of 16-18 year Pardis Khosravi old Caucasian high school students. A between University of California, Berkeley subjects design was used and participants were randomly divided into an experimental group of 13 Previous research suggests that people with and a control group of 13. The study was depression seek reassurance from their loved conducted at a computer lab with a survey ones. Often they do not believe reassurance they created by the researcher. The survey’s questions receive and repeatedly ask for further prompt participants to make a choice between two reassurance, leading to frustration from the other options and then estimate the choices of a person that eventually manifests itself as subtle hypothetical subgroup. The independent variable hostility and rejection, furthering the depressed was the presence of representative information person's beliefs that they are not worthy. A goal of and the dependent variable was the mean score this study is to understand cognitive processes on the survey. A one-tailed t-test demonstrated that drive this maladaptive interpersonal style by that there was significance at the p<.0001 level of examining how repeating positive self-statements confidence, implying representative information to oneself affects self-esteem and positive affect. (other participants’ choices) nullifies the false In non-depressed populations, repeating positive consensus effect. self-statements paradoxically increases negative affect for those with low self-esteem. In this study, THE EFFECT OF A MANUALIZED GROUP undergraduate students with (n = 49) and without PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR (n = 323) a lifetime history of major depression (as EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: HOW TO BUILD measured with the Inventory to Diagnose CORE POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Depression) were asked to repeat a positive self- COMPETENCIES statement to themselves every fifteen seconds for Laura Delizonna Ph.D., Ted Anstedt M.A., Bianca four minutes. We hypothesized that this procedure Davoodian, Matthew Williams and Andrew would lead to more positive affect for those Davoodian without depression, but that those with a history of Stanford University and University of California, depression would respond to the procedure with Berkeley increased negative affect. Results indicate that low self-esteem predicted lower mood after the Emotional Intelligence, EI, is the foundation of positive self statement manipulation. Contrary to mental health. This study aims to examine the hypotheses, depression was unrelated to the effects of a manualized group psychoeducational effect of the positive self-statements on mood. program through positive psychology-based Depression was also unrelated to excessive interventions. This research conduction is to test if reassurance seeking. Limited effects may be simply learning about and being aware of the related to the reliance on self-reported lifetime concept of emotional intelligence increases one’s history of depression as opposed to current emotional intelligence. Changes in flexibility in clinical diagnoses of depression. thinking and self-perceptions of increases in EI skills of participants enrolled in an EI workshop held at Stanford University were assessed. As hypothesized, participants increased in flexibility
______[ ]______57 in thinking and reported an increase in their EI THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PARENTAL skills. A subsequent study further confirms these MARITAL STATUS, PERCEIVED PARENTAL findings – participants markedly enhanced their CONFLICT, AND AGGRESSION emotional intelligence scores after completion of Jolene Young, Elizabeth J. Krumrei, and Cindy an advanced follow-up EI workshop held at Miller-Perrin Stanford University. These findings suggest that Pepperdine University a relatively simple psychoeducational intervention can help individuals increase flexibility in thinking, This study examined the relationship among positive emotions, self-awareness and emotion parental marital status, perceived parental conflict, management, as well as overall emotional and levels of aggression in young adults. intelligence. This manualized program could be Participants included 136 undergraduate students disseminated to paraprofessionals who teach (40 males and 96 females) from a private, mental health programs and help groups of Christian University. A linear regression revealed individuals around the world improve in EI, that perceived parental conflict significantly general well-being, and mental health. predicted aggression levels regardless of whether parents had divorced or not. Parental marital THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER-TYPICAL status did not exhibit a main effect or moderation FACIAL FEATURES ON POLITICIAN of perceived parental conflict in predicting JUDGMENTS aggression levels. In relation to previous literature Jen-Ling Nieh, Colleen Carpinella, & Kerri on children, the current results suggested that as Johnson individuals from divorced homes get older, divorce University of California, Los Angeles experience may no longer impact aggression levels. Physical appearance conveys a great deal about a person to observers. Prior research on THREAT GOGGLES: HOW FEELING appearance-based judgments has shown that THREATENED DISTORTS OUR PERCEPTION female Republican politicians have objectively OF FACE SIZE FOR BLACK FACES more feminine facial features and are rated more Michael Creim, Ines Jurcevic, Jenessa R. feminine than female Democrat politicians. Shapiro, & Kerri L. Johnson Observers were also more likely to correctly University of California, Los Angeles categorize more feminine females as Republican. The current study expanded on these Does physical safety threat influence memory for observations by investigating the association the size of ingroup and outgroup members? between the gender-typicality of facial cues and Stereotyping research has shown that threat trait judgments. Specifically, we examined influences person memory (Neuberg et al., 2009), perceptions of politician’s warmth and but has not examined memory for face size. competence. We measured the degree of gender- Memory research reveals that people estimate the typicality of facial features for each member of the size of a circle to be the mean size of same color United States House of Representatives. In a circles (Brady & Alvarez, 2011) suggesting that between-subjects design, participants remained people may remember faces to be the same size naïve to the politicians’ party affiliation and they as same race faces. However, we expect that rated the politicians’ level of warmth or when individuals feel threatened, stereotypes of competence. We predict that: (1) female outgroups become salient (Schaller et al., 2003) politicians who are gender-typical will be rated as and outgroup members may be perceived as warmer, but less competent, than their less larger than the mean. Participants watched a gender-typical counterparts, (2) female threatening or non-threatening film clip, and then Republicans will be perceived as warmer but less saw twenty displays of three Black and three competent than female Democrats, and (3) White faces for 1500ms. Participants estimated gender-typicality and political party will be the size of one face per display. We expect non- unrelated to warmth and competence judgments threatened participants will estimate face size to of male politicians. The current study can help be the mean of same race faces. However, we reveal why gender typicality of facial cues is so anticipate threatened participants, will estimate closely tethered to political party affiliation Black face size as larger than the average size judgments. displayed, but will not overestimate face size for Whites. This may have important implications for eyewitness testimony, in that people who feel
______[ ]______58 threatened may use racial stereotypes when to use less energy, and their attitudes toward recalling the size of others. reusable products. Participants were predicted to react to the consequences based on the other PROBLEM-FOCUSED AND EMOTION- stimuli in the groupings and their temporal FOCUSED COPING POTENTIAL IN proximity. If the same future consequences were ADJUSTMENT TO COLLEGE presented with less devastating events, they Elizabeth Spitzer would be viewed more seriously than if the same Vanderbilt University consequences were viewed with outcomes that were more devastating. The event contexts were An individual engages in coping when he or she manipulated in a within subject design and in two uses cognitive and behavioral efforts to deal with time frames. These results are discussed in the internal or external demands of a stressful relation to temporal discounting magnitude effects situation to make it more congruent with his or her reported in the literature. It is hoped that these goals (Smith & Lazarus, 1990). When a person results will be useful in promoting environmental changes their beliefs, values, and goals in awareness. stressful situations, they use emotion-focused coping (Lazarus, 1991). Likewise, when an THE RELATION BETWEEN TEXT MEDIUM AND individual uses action to change the demands of CRITICAL READING SCORES the situation they are engaging in problem- Troy Mott focused coping (Smith, 1995). This study Sierra Nevada College examines coping styles in first-year students who were enrolled in introduction to chemistry, a pre- Post-secondary educational institutions have med requisite. These students were followed from incorporated tablets in the educational curriculum the beginning to the end of their first semester. (Woodford, 2001). Two studies were designed to Their responses to multiple surveys looking at investigate how reading medium impacts critical self-esteem, anxiety, coping style, appraisal style, reading ability. In the first, participants read an perceived stress, goals, among other measures SAT practice test passage (Mathur, 2012) from were assessed at nine points over the semester. either paper or an iPad 2 tablet. The identical Before and after each exam, students reported passages read from each medium were 949 their expected grade, satisfaction ratings, and words. Once the reading was complete, perceived stress. For each exam, there was a participants responded to 12 critical reading large gap between student’s desired and achieved assessment questions about the passage. 116 exam scores. Students used problem-focused participants completed the critical reading coping more before the exam and emotion- assessment study. The second study, a self- focused coping more upon receiving their grades. response survey, examined the reading Both forms of coping had significant correlations preferences and demographics (e.g., gender and with performance, personality measures, trait age) of 115 participants. A two-way ANOVA was factors, emotions, and other exam related used to analyze the results of the critical reading behaviors. comprehension test. No significant difference was found for critical reading comprehension scores TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING OF GLOBAL between mediums or academic standing (p = WARMING CONSEQUENCES .911). Self-response survey data was assessed Rebecca E. French using a chi-square analysis. There was no California State University East Bay significant difference in medium preference between upper and lower division undergraduates This research varies groupings of global warming (p = .157). However, females showed a stronger predictions to observe the effect of context on the preference for reading from paper than males (p = reactions of participants, in regards to temporal .045). Additionally, a significant difference was discounting (the theory that the subjective value of found among the total sample population for a reward will decrease as the delay of its receipt reading from paper over other surveyed media increases). The impact of climate change was forms (p = 0.000). The implications of this study predicted to effect animals, people with certain are relevant to the future of education and health conditions, changes in weather, and food sustainability efforts in the classroom. supplies. Consequences were described for societies that were both near and distant. The predictions varied in their temporal proximity. Participants rated their concern, their willingness
______[ ]______59 "THE PHYSICAL BURDEN OF KEEPING A was not a significant predictor of SI. However, SI SECRET" was predicted by low IQ on the Kaufman-Brief Harrison M. Wray, Michael L. Slepian, & Nalini Intelligence Test (KBIT) (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74- Ambady 0.97, p = 0.019). The absence of a strong link Stanford University between SI and overall anxiety, even with a continuous anxiety scale, suggests any links People often conceive of secrets as “burdens.” between SI and anxiety in depressed adolescents Three current studies investigated whether may be limited to subtypes. Exploring links keeping a secret would therefore cause the same between SI and IQ in this population may also be fatiguing symptoms as carrying a physical burden. fruitful in continued research. In Study 1, participants who first recalled a large personal secret later demonstrated perceptual THE ROLE OF FACILITATION IN THE shifts similar to those experienced when carrying APPEARANCE OF COMPETITIVE VICTIMHOOD physical weight (i.e., perceiving a hill as steeper). AND PERSPECTIVE TAKING BETWEEN Study 2 examined whether divulging a secret GROUPS OF ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN would unburden participants. Indeed, participants YOUTH perceived a hill as less steep if they were led to Amber Romano, Andrew Pilecki, Phillip Hammack reveal a big secret beforehand, rather than simply University of California Santa Cruz recalling a secret but keeping it to themselves. In Study 3, gay male participants who had to hide This study investigates the role of facilitation their sexual orientation while answering questions styles in the emergence of competitive victimhood were less helpful when experimenters later asked and perspective-taking. The facilitation styles if they would help move some lab materials. include, utilizing the Maoz, (2011) terminology, the However, participants did not offer any less help coexistence model for the purpose of constructing for non-physical tasks – a pattern symptomatic of a superordinate identity and the confrontational physical burden. This research suggests that the model where each participant is treated as a metaphor of being “burdened” by a secret may be representative of their national group. The correlated with physical symptoms, specifically purpose of the Maoz (2011) confrontational group fatigue. Having a large personal secret (rather is raising awareness of the differences between than a trivial one), and carrying that secret within the two groups. We hypothesize that the (rather than revealing it), may increase subjective coexistence group will have more perspective feelings of burden and fatigue, potentially causing taking than the confrontational model group due to a decrease in helping behavior for physical tasks. the facilitation style of forming a superordinate identity. Secondly we believe that competitive THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCIDAL victimhood will occur more in the confrontational IDEATION AND ANXIETY SEVERITY model group than in the coexistence group. Mathieu Rolfo, Vilma Gabbay, Benjamin A. Ely Findings suggest that competitive victimhood and New York University Child Study Center perspective taking do not differ significantly between the two models. The results potentially Previous research on anxiety and suicidal ideation show the impact or lack of impact of facilitation (SI) has mostly focused on adults. In particular, no and competitive victimhood within the contact adolescent studies have used a continuous process. Implications for peace education will be anxiety variable. Our study asked whether discussed. continuously measured anxiety in depressed adolescents predicts SI. We examined 48 RACISM WITH AND WITHOUT RACISTS adolescents aged 12 to 20 years (mean = 16.3, Ilana-Ruth Bevan and Phillip Atiba Goff, Ph.D. SD = 2.3) with diagnoses of Major Depressive University of California, Los Angeles Disorder and scores above 36 on the Children’s
Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). Contemporary research reveals the persistence of Anxiety was assessed using the continuous racial inequality despite a decline in racial Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children prejudice (Bobo, 1983). This paradox begs the (MASC). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation question, is it possible to have racism without (BSS-I) assessed SI. The results showed a racists? The present research identifies contexts significant correlation between SI and MASC in which racial attitudes predict discrimination, and score (r = 0.306, p = 0.039). However, when contexts in which it does not, testing stereotype controlling for CDRS-R score, the correlation lost threat as an alternative mechanism. Previous significance, indicating that overall MASC score research suggests that prejudice predicts first
______[ ]______60 impressions (Brewer, 1988). However, based on Quantitative and qualitative analysis of data evidence that self-threats predict behavior during gathered from middle-aged respondents living in interactions (Goff, Steele, & Davies, 2008), we Metro Manila about the kinds of and reasons for hypothesize that stereotype threat—not providing social support to their elderly parents prejudice—predicts discrimination once show that, for Filipinos, social support is not just interactions begin. We tested these hypotheses classified into kinds of support they provide, but using police stops (decisions made before an also includes the factors that set boundaries to interaction) and use of force (an interaction their provision of support, such as their capability outcome) data. Regression analyses revealed that to support, and external factors like income, officers high in explicit prejudice displayed racial having their own family/children. Results of this disparities in stops, and officers high in stereotype study shed light on the Filipinos’ definition of threat displayed disparities in use of force. These social support and their motivations for providing it findings suggest context plays an influential role in to their elderly parents, particularly the importance shaping modern racism. of utang na loob and filial obligations.
PERCEIVED INTOXICATION AFFECTS DOES EARLY CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENT INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATION AFFECT STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH Cami J. Eickemeyer, & Jason A. Williams STRESS? California Polytechnic State University Patil Kodichan, Keely A. Muscatell, and Naomi I. Eisenberger Numerous studies have examined individuals’ University of California, Los Angeles engagement in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid potential disappointment and An early family environment marked by conflict, maintain one’s ego. This study analyzed the anger, and aggression has been linked to instance of self- defeating behavior by means of enhanced physiological stress reactivity (Taylor et alcoholic intoxication as a strategy that allows al., 2006). However, less is known about how other individuals to assess both physical and early life experiences might affect the way in personality characteristics that might ordinarily be which individuals cope with stress. Thus, the difficult to determine. If one can still speak purpose of the present study is to examine how coherently and cogently after consuming alcohol, family upbringing affects an individual’s interest in this may imply excess capacity that may activities (desire for social activities vs. solitary otherwise be difficult to assess. Utilizing a sample activities) after experiencing a social stressor. To of California Polytechnic State University students test this, 30 female participants underwent a enrolled in an introductory psychology course, social stressor where they were evaluated by each student watched one of two versions of a another person. Before and after the stressor, brief video clip of a Best Man speech at a participants were asked to indicate how interested wedding. In one version a false statement was they were in engaging in a variety of activities. inserted that the speaker has been drinking all Some activities were social (e.g., desire to talk to day long. Our results showed that subjects or text a friend or family member), while others estimated the speaker as more intelligent and his were more solitary (e.g., desire to read or watch speech as more articulate when under the television). They also completed the Risky impression that he had been drinking all day. Families Questionnaire, which provides an index However, participants did not rate the Best Man of early childhood environment. We hypothesize perceived as intoxicated as more likeable, nor his that participants who come from family speech more enjoyable. This implicates that one’s environments marked by conflict and anger will be self- handicapping behavior (i.e. consumption of less likely to want to engage in social activities alcohol) with subsequent coherent speech may following the stressor, while individuals from display excess intellectual capacity to other supportive, nurturing families will be more likely to individuals. desire social contact after experiencing social stress. Results from this study will shed light on how early family environment influences not just A STUDY ON SOCIAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY stress reactivity but also coping, which may have FILIPINO MIDDLE-AGED CHILDREN TO THEIR implications for mental and physical health. ELDERLY PARENTS Daleon, Frances Anne T., Samson, Rachel E., & Geronimo, Mary Grace A. Ateneo de Manila University
______[ ]______61 VOLUMETRIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN reward magnitudes and imposing darkness. We HIPPOCAMPUS IN CHILDREN AND recorded 83 different cells located in the LDTg. ADOLESCENTS We found a large number of reward-related cells Simon Choi and movement-related cells. The large proportion University of California, Davis of velocity-correlated cells (76%) supports the LDTg’s role in motor behavior. The current study Although the human hippocampus is fundamental also demonstrates with 23% of LDTg cells to memory and declarative learning, relatively little exhibiting reward-related responses, the LDTg research has been conducted to investigate the has a role in reward encoding supporting the development of this structure during childhood LDTg’s permissive affect on VTA dopaminergic and adolescence. While the overall volume of the burst firing. hippocampus is comparatively stable during this age span, sub-regions divided along the long-axis of the anterior and posterior hippocampus show heterogeneous volumetric development in the juncture of adolescence (Gogtay et al., 2006). While memory deficits and memory distortions are linked to the volume and shape of the hippocampus, a general trajectory of typical hippocampal development has yet to be outlined. The present research aims to replicate Gogtay et al.’s (2006) findings via analyses of a longitudinal sample of structural magnetic resonance images in 53 participants aged 6 to 22 years old. Initial findings suggest that sub-regions along the long- axis show heterogeneous developmental change, broadly mirroring previous literature, but also revealing new findings such as that sub-regional volumes appear to follow non-linear trajectories.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LATERODORSAL SEGMENTAL NUCLEUS NUCLEUS SINGLE UNIT ACTIVITY IN THE FREELY NAVIGATING RAT. Chantelle Kinzel, Van Redilla, Sheri Mizumori University of Washington
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) cell firing encodes reward related information and has been implicated in reinforcement learning, spatial memory and decision-making. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) provides inputs into the VTA. Inactivation of the LDTg significantly reduces VTA dopaminergic burst firing, implicating the LDTg’s role in permitting VTA activity. In the current study we sought to determine the nature of the information coded by LDTg neurons in order to better understand the type of information that regulates dopamine cell activity. We assessed this by neurophysiological single unit recordings of LDTg activity in freely behaving rats. Rats were trained on an 8-arm radial maze, which required spatial and working memory in order to, without errors, forage for rewards. Experimental manipulations during trials consisted of omitting expected rewards, switching the location of
______[ ]______62 2012 Board of Directors
Executive Director Lemaat Michael Class of 2012
Marketing Director Casey Finch Class of 2013
Logistics Director Vicky Kalumbi Class of 2015
Abstract Reviewing Director Lizabelle Hernandez Class of 2014
Abstract Reviewer Anna Brezhneva Class of 2015
Caitlin Eggleston Class of 2013
Dominique Lyew Class of 2012
Jen Ang Class of 2013
Michelle Okereke Class of 2015
Many Thanks to the following persons for their contributions to this year’s SUPC conference Roz Grayson: Department of Psychology Receptionist George Slavich, Ph.D.: SUPC Founder and Executive Director, 2001 Catherine Heaney, Ph.D.: Keynote Speaker Philip Zimbardo, Ph.D.: Keynote Speaker The Department of Psychology, Stanford University
Map of Jordan Hall
Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Conference 2012 http://stanfordconference.org
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