11/14/14
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5) Swine Pox -- Swine Pox Virus in Poxviridae; poor sanita on; transmi ed by lice; <4 mos. old . Skin Diseases I pigs; lesions primarily on ventral aspect of body; papule> pustule> crust; INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES on histopath 1) Sarcop c Mange -- Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis-- mite; high morbidity in young – very PRURITIC; acute allergic hypersensi vity; in adults -- chronic -- crusty ears; diagnose on skin *6) Foot and Mouth Disease -- Aphthovirus in Picornaviridae; TBD; HIGH morbidity; mortality scraping; carrier adults; damages skin allowing Staphylococcus hyicus to enter; treat with low, except in young; lameness 1st; slobber; VESICLES; feet, snout, mouth, lips, tongue, teats, Ivermec n; ZOONOTIC CORONARY BAND; blanch; rupture; aerosol transmission; amplifier hosts; carrier state; can spread by GARBAGE FEEDING; people can carry in respiratory tract; no vaccine in US; control 2) Lice -- Haematopinus suis; PRURITIC; can transmit Swine Pox, Eperythrozoonosis, African through eradica on Swine Fever; damages skin allowing Staphylococcus hyicus to enter; treat with Ivermec n 7) Swine Vesicular Disease -- Enterovirus in Picornaviridae; TBD; swine only; never in US; same 3) Ringworm -- Trichophyton verrucosum or Microsporum nanum -- fungus; usually Non- clinical signs as FMD; zoono c? pruri c; soil inhabitant; can predispose for Staphylococcus hyicus; an fungal; ZOONOTIC 8) Vesicular Stoma s -- Vesiculovirus in Rhabdoviridae; TBD; swine, ca le, horses, humans; *4) Exuda ve Epidermi s --"Greasy Pig Disease"-- Staphylococcus hyicus; Non-pruri c; dirty check other species on farm; enzoo c in SE US; sand fly vector; same clinical signs as FMD environment/bad management; lice, mites & ringworm predispose by damaging skin; high morbidity & mortality; neonates & nursery pigs <8 wks. old; malodorous; greasy feel; 9) Vesicular Exanthema -- Vesivirus in Caliciviridae; TBD; came from San Miguel Sea Lion Virus; furrows/fissures in skin; piglets die of dehydra on; autogenous bacterin swine, sea lions; same clinical signs as FMD * = Classical Swine Disease TBD = Transboundary Disease
II. Respiratory Diseases III. GI Diseases *1) Atrophic Rhini s -- Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex; mul factorial disease; agents -- Pasteurella multocida; Bordetella bronchisep ca; Haemophilus parasuis ; Cytomegalovirus 1) Enteric colibacillosis -- Escherichia coli; enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); #1 cause of (IBR); environmental factors -- ammonia, stress, overcrowding, poor nutri on; animal factors – diarrhea in piglets <5 days old; heat labile (LT) & heat stable (STa & b) enterotoxins; fimbrial breed – Hampshire and Durocs, gilts; direct contact; deviated snout adhesins -- K88 (F4), K99 (F5); SI VILLI INTACT -- NO ATROPHY; feces alkaline -- pH >8
2) Inclusion Body Rhini s (IBR)--Cytomegalovirus in Herpesviridae; 5 wks. old; aerosol *2) TGE -- Transmissible Gastroenteri s – Coronavirus in Coronaviridae; epizoo c form -- transmission--inhale/ingest; sneezing & snor ng; purulent or serous nasal discharge; carrier > baby pigs - HIGH morbidity & mortality if <2 wks. old; pregnant sows -- may see abor on; recrudescence in me of stress; INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSION BODIES PEAK INCIDENCE IN WINTER; enzoo c form --1 to 8 wk. olds -- stunted; no illness in adults; atrophy of jejunal villi > diarrhea > dehydra on; autogenous vaccine to sows prefarrowing 3) Porcine Pleuropneumonia – Ac nobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP); high morbidity & -- feedback; feces acidic -- pH <7 mortality; 2 to 4 mos. old -- peak mortality; produces exotoxins and endotoxin; acute – moist cough; classic lesion -- hemorrhage & necrosis in dorsal diaphragma c lobes; fibrinous 3) Rotavirus -- in Reoviridae -- RNA virus; mortality LOW; similar to enzoo c TGE -- less pleuri s severe; synergis c with other GI diseases; villus atrophy -- duodenum NOT spared as in TGE; feces acidic -- pH <7 *4) Mycoplasma Pneumonia or Enzoo c Pneumonia -- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; aerosol; carriers; 3-6 mos. old; CHRONIC; persistent non-produc ve cough; bronchi s & bronchioli s; 4) Coccidiosis -- Cystoisopora suis ; protozoan; >7 to 10 day olds; NON-BLOODY diarrhea; CV distribu on; peribronchial lymphoid hyperplasia fibrinonecro c enteri s of jejunum & ileum with villus atrophy; feces acidic -- pH <7
*5) Swine Influenza--Type A influenza virus in Orthomyoviridae; H1N1 and H3N2 in U.S.; 5) Clostridial Enteri s -- Clostridium perfringens type C -- beta toxin - exotoxin; gm+ rod; hemagglu nin & neuraminidase -- surface proteins; carriers; seasonal -- late autumn/early hemorrhagic diarrhea seen in 3-4 day olds; MASSIVE INTESTINAL NECROSIS winter; acute; human transmission -- ZOONOTIC
6) Salmonellosis -- 3 serotypes of Salmonella enterica; Cholerasuis (most common), Typhimurium (ZOONOTIC) & Typhisuis; feeder pigs; mixing at sale barns; S. cholerasuis-- IV. Urogenital Diseases sep cemia & enterocoli s; can cause pneumonia; carrier swine; fecal/oral transmission; endotoxin; enterotoxin > hypersecretory diarrhea *1) Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) -- SMEDI -- s llbirth, mummifica on, embryonic death, infer lity; oral & venereal transmission; prenatal infec on produces immunotolerant persistent carriers; *7) Swine Dysentery – spirochete -- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; mucohemorrhagic diarrhea; NO ABORTION - carry to term; mummies; autogenous vaccine grower/finishers; fecal-oral route; asymptoma c carrier animals, also mice, fomites; COLON; no SI lesions; dark field exam for organism; silver stain on histopath 2) Leptospirosis -- Leptospira interrogans, L. pomona--most common serovar; L. bra slava seen on serology; transmi ed through URINE & venereally; spirochete; enters thru break in *8) Porcine Prolifera ve Ilei s -- "Garden Hose Gut”, PPE, Porcine Intes nal Adenomatosis; skin, mucus membranes; can survive up to 2 YEARS in kidney; ABORTIONS IN LATE Lawsonia intracellularis; primarily grower/finishers; thickened intes nal mucosa; distal 1/3 SI, PREGNANCY -- last trimester; dark field microscopy on urine cecum, proximal 1/3 spiral colon *3) PRRS -- Porcine Reproduc ve & Respiratory Syndrome (Blue Ear Disease, Mystery Pig **9) Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea -- emerging disease; PEDv – a Coronavirus in Coronaviridae; Disease); Arterivirus in Arteriviridae; carriers; aerosol transmission up to 2 miles; AI; exposure Swine Enteric Coronavirus; similar to TGE but no cross protec on; worldwide; Spring '13 first to FUMONISIN mycotoxin can increase risk of disease; replicates in alveolar macrophages; seen in U.S. -- midwest; spreads via the fecal-oral route and fomites; maybe aerosol too?; GROWER/FINISHERS & BREEDERS; "thumps"; decreased growth; sows -- premature farrowings virulent; severe diarrhea, vomi ng, high morbidity (o en 100%) & variable mortality (some as high as 100% in piglets); rehydra on, suppor ve care; ELISA, PCR or electron microscopic 4) Brucellosis -- Brucella suis; alimentary or genital transmission; can be carried in examina on of fecal material; suscep ble to a number of common disinfectants including macrophages; early and late abor ons; can see arthri s; orchi s in males Virkon & Clorox
There is also a newly discovered delta coronavirus that acts similarly – Porcine Deltacoronavirus – PDCoV
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V. Polysystemic Diseases
*1) Pseudorabies -- alpha Herpesvirus; Mad Itch, Aujesky's Disease; pig natural host; fatal in dog, cat, cow -- dead-end hosts; latent carriers; recrudescence & shedding can occur *4) Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) -- Circovirus in Circoviridae — Circovirus with no clinical signs; aerosol or inges on transmission -- replicates in respiratory type 2 (PCV-2); also called Post-Weaning Mul systemic Was ng Syndrome (PMWS); co- epithelium; 100% mortality in baby pigs; see neuro signs -- tremors, convulsions; high infec on with Parvovirus or PRRS; pathogenesis – ac va on of immune system by 2nd virus morbidity; decreasing mortality with increasing age; weaners & growers -- pneumonia, which leads to greater replica on and cell destruc on by PCV-2; 4-14 wk. olds; progressive flu-like syndrome; adults -- pregnant female -- early embryonic death; resorp on; weight loss, pallor, tachypnea, dyspnea; gross -- bronchopneumonia and lymphadenopathy; abor on; weak, s llborn & macerated fetuses; vaccine not used in U.S.; eradica on histopath -- LYMPHOID DEPLETION, mul nucleated giant cells; 25% mortality; vaccine very program; 100% control in domes c herds – s ll present in feral swine effec ve; other syndrome -- PDNS — porcine dermatopathy & nephropathy syndrome – 8-18 wk. olds; red raised blotches on skin -- hind legs & perineum; if survive, lesions fade; usually *2) Erysipelas -- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae; DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE -- pathognomonic; die can also cause disease in turkeys & sheep; increased suscep bility with AFLATOXIN exposure; carrier swine; most suscep ble between 3 mos. & 3 yrs.; acute – skin form; 5) Mycoplasmal Polyserosi s -- Mycoplasma hyorhinis; aerosol & direct contact; 3 -10 wks. sep cemia, pyrexia; chronic form -- heart & joints; ZOONOTIC -- called ERYSIPELOID in old; sep cemia; se les on serous & synovial membranes; lameness, swollen joints; low humans -- skin disease mortality
*3) Glasser's Disease -- Haemophilus Polyserosi s; Haemophilus parasuis; endemic; 3 -10 wks. old; sep cemia -- sudden death; organism se les on serous & synovial membranes; lameness, swollen joints, tremors, ataxia; on necropsy -- fibrinous pleuri s, pericardi s, peritoni s, arthri s, meningi s -- in 80% of cases
VI. CNS Diseases VII. Transboundary Diseases *1) Myoclonia Congenita – Circovirus in Circoviridae; shaker pigs, dancing pig disease; Congenital tremors; only see clinical signs in baby pigs; boars chronic shedders; en re li er *1) Classical Swine Fever -- Hog Cholera; Pes virus in Flaviviridae; 100% mortality; ; affected, but only 1 li er/sow; affects fetuses in late gesta on; retards normal myelin replicates in tonsils; spread by inges on of contaminated food &/or water; GARBAGE deposi on; head & limb tremors; subside while sleeping; FEEEDING; petechial & ecchymo c hemorrhages; lymphoid deple on; leukopenia & thrombocytopenia; eradicated from US in 1976 2) Streptococcal Meningi s -- Streptococcus suis; asymptoma c subclinical carriers common; aerosol, inges on & contact; concurrent infec ons worsen disease – PRRS, PAR; 2 virulence *2) African Swine Fever — Asfivirus in Asfarviridae; 100% morbidity & mortality; signs factors--muramidase-released protein (MRP) & extracellular factor (EF); nursery; mortality & lesions resemble CSF; oronasal secre ons; cks can spread it -- reservoirs & vectors; 50%; tonsil > monocytes thru blood > CSF & meninges = neuro signs; ZOONOTIC GARBAGE FEEDING; a acks mononuclear cells, platelets, endothelial & RE cells; hemorrhages on ears & flank; can't form an bodies -- APC's affected *3) Edema Disease -- Escherichia coli; certain serotypes--O138:K81; O139:K82; O141:K85; hemoly c; Shiga-like toxin type II (SLT-IIv); also called edema disease principle (EDP); F107 is fimbria that a aches to intes ne; inhibits protein synthesis; mortality 100%, low morbidity; VIII. Blood-borne Pathogen seen 1-3 wks. post-weaning; vascular injury > edema; PALPEBRAL SWELLING hallmark; also swelling along greater curvature & spiral colon; *1) Mycoplasma suis — Eperythrozoonosis -- mollicute that lives in RBC's; carried by blood-sucking arthropods, lice; also by dirty needles; icterus, anemia; hemolysis; on blood smear see inclusions in RBC's -- specks, rings;
X. Other Miscellaneous Condi ons
1) Salt Poisoning -- Sodium Ion Toxicity, Water Depriva on; neuro signs; looks like rabies or IX. Other Infec ous Diseases Pseudorabies
1) Mycoplasmal Arthri s -- Mycoplasma hyosynoviae; fibrinous joints 2) Baby Piglet Anemia -- iron deficiency; milk from sows raised on concrete deficient in iron; give 1 ml. of iron within first few days of life 2) Encephalomyocardi s -- Cardiovirus of Picornaviridae; rats & mice are reservoirs; right heart failure 3) Vitamin E/Selenium Deficiency -- 3 deficiency syndromes; “Mulberry Heart Disease” – most common; sudden death among biggest, fastest growing animals; late nursery, 3) Teschen Disease — Enterovirus of Picornaviridae; Talfan -- similar but milder; early growers; petechia on of heart muscle; pericardial sac filled with fluid; “Hepatosis polioencephalomyeli s Diete ca” - irregular foci of hepa c necrosis & hemorrhage; focal myocardial necrosis; “White Muscle Disease” – NOT common in pigs; light colored muscles or streaks of 4) Hemagglu na ng Encephalomyeli s -- Vomi ng & Was ng Disease; Coronavirus; <4 wks. white individual muscle fibers old; neuro signs 4) Porcine Stress Syndrome -- Malignant hyperthermia; halothane & isoflurane anesthesia; certain breed predisposi on – white breeds; autosomal recessive gene -- double homozygous; poor meat quality -- Pale, So , Exuda ve Pork (PSE); also can see DFD pork – dark, firm, dry pork
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