Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life (HC4L) Project Contract No: AID-612-C-16-00005

Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report

Project dates: September 6, 2016 – September 5, 2021

Submission date: August 21, 2018

Contact Person and Address: Chief of Party: Amos Zikusooka Phone: +265 997835502 Email: [email protected]

Submitted by: FHI 360

Submitted to USAID/Malawi: Dr. Edson Dembo, Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR)

Authority/Disclaimer The Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Family Health International (FHI 360) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government (USG).

Contract Deliverable This stakeholder mapping report was developed in accordance with the Health Communication for Life (HC4L) contract deliverables under section F.5.9: Deliverables and Ad Hoc Reports, Section B. Reporting and Deliverable Schedule, Part 2, Performance Objectives/Outputs Table. Deliverable 2-1: Stakeholder Mapping Report detailing government and non-governmental institutions active in SBCC and health communications at the national, zonal, and district levels. The stakeholder mapping identifies overlaps and gaps in SBCC interventions in Malawi. It was submitted in Fiscal Year (FY)17 and is being resubmitted in FY18 in response to comments and feedback received.

Table of Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations ...... iii Executive Summary ...... 8 1.0 Introduction ...... 10 1.1Overview of the Project ...... 10 1.2 Purpose and Objectives ...... 10 2.0 Methodology ...... 12 2.1 Literature Review...... 12 2.2 Stakeholder Consultations ...... 12 3.0 Context of SBCC Implementation in Malawi ...... 14 3.1 Brief Country Profile ...... 14 3.2 Malawi’s Health System ...... 14 3.3 Status of HC4L’s Eight Health and Development Areas ...... 18 3.4 Communication Landscape ...... 22 4.0 Findings: Enabling Environment for SBCC ...... 25 4.1 Policy and Strategy Analysis ...... 25 4.2 Coordination through TWGs and Other Committees ...... 28 5.0 Findings: SBCC Stakeholders Mapping ...... 31 5.1 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders - MNCH ...... 31 5.2 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – FP ...... 33 5.3 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Malaria ...... 35 5.4 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Nutrition ...... 37 5.5 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – WASH ...... 39 5.6 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – HIV ...... 41 5.7 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Food Safety and Aflatoxin Control ...... 43 5.8. Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Misuse of Government Resources...... 45 5.9. Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Gender ...... 47 5.10 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Youth Services ...... 48 6.0. Findings: Overlaps, Gaps, and Opportunities for Collaboration ...... 50 6.1. Overlaps ...... 50 6.2. Gaps ...... 50 6.3. Opportunities for Collaboration ...... 52 7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 53 7.1 Conclusions ...... 53 7.2 Recommendations ...... 53 8.0 Appendices ...... 56 8.1. Appendix 1: MNCH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 57 8.2. Appendix 2: FP/RH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 62 8.3. Appendix 3: Malaria Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 68 8.4. Appendix 4: Nutrition Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 73 8.5. Appendix 5: WASH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 81 8.6 Appendix 6: HIV/AIDS Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 87 8.7. Appendix 7: Aflatoxin Control Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 95 8.8. Appendix 8: Misuse of Government Resources in the Health Sector ...... 100 8.9 Appendix 9: Gender Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 105 8.10. Appendix 10: Youth Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi ...... 107 8.11. Appendix 11: Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority: List of Broadcasting Licensees (2016) ...... 112 8.12 Appendix 12: Media Institutions in Malawi ...... 120 8.13 Appendix 13: Audiovisual Production Firms ...... 122 8.14 Appendix 14: Relevant Policy and Strategic Documents ...... 124 Citations ...... 126

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACB Anti-Corruption Bureau ADC Area Development Committee ADECOTS Applied Development Communications and Training Services ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AgDiv Agriculture Diversification Activity AGYW Adolescent Girls and Young Women AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AMO Association of Media Owners AMREF The African Medical and Research Foundation ANC Antenatal Care ART Antiretroviral Therapy BCC Behavior Change Communication BLM Banja La Mtsogolo C4D Communication for Development C4DC Centre for Development Communication CAC Community Action Cycle CADECOM Catholic Development Commission CAG Community Action Group CAMA Consumer Association of Malawi CAMFED Campaign for Female Education in Malawi CBMNC Community-Based Maternal and Newborn Care CBO Community-Based Organization CCPF Chipatala Cha Pa Foni CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CHAG Community Health Action Group CHAM Christian Health Association of Malawi CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CISANET Civil Society Agriculture Network CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CMAM Community Management of Acute Malnutrition CMED Central Monitoring and Evaluation Division CRECCOM Creative Center for Community Mobilization CRS Catholic Relief Services CSC Community Score Card CSE Comprehensive Sexuality Education CSO Civil Society Organization CYECE Centre for Youth Empowerment and Civic Education DAI Development Alternatives International DEC District Executive Committee DHMT District Health Management Team DHA Department of HIV and AIDS DHO District Health Officer DHPO District Health Promotion Officers DFID Department for International Development (UK) DIP District Implementation Plan DNHA Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS DOD Department of Defense DREAMS Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, Safe Women ECC Ecumenical Counselling Center EGPAF Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation EHP Essential Health Package EHP-TWG Essential Health Package Technical Working Group FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FAWEMA Forum for African Women Educationalists in Malawi FFP Food for Peace FHI 360 Family Health International FOCCAD Foundation for Community and Capacity Development FP Family Planning FPAM Family Planning Association of Malawi FSW Female Sex Worker FtF-INVC Feed the Future - Integrating Nutrition in Value Chains FUM Farmers Union of Malawi FY Fiscal Year GBV Gender-Based Violence GEWE Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment GOM Government of Malawi HC4L Health Communication for Life HCAC Health Centre Advisory Committees HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMIS Health Management Information System HP-TWG Health Promotion-Technical Working Group HPO Health Promotion Officer HSA Health Surveillance Assistant HSSP II Health Sector Strategic Plan 2017-2022 HWTS Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage ICMM Innovative Communication Media and Methods ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICT Information and Communication Technologies IEC Information, Education, and Communication IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IHDC Pakachere Institute of Health and Development Communication IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IP Implementing Partners IPC Interpersonal Communication IPTp Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy IR Intermediate Result IRS Indoor Residual Spraying IYCF-TWG Infant and Young Child Feeding Technical Working Group KP Key Population LBW Low Birth Weight LGAP Local Government Accountability Program LLIN Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net LUANAR Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources MACRA Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority M&E Monitoring and Evaluation M2M Mothers2Mothers MANASO Malawi Network of AIDS Service Organizations Manerela+ Malawi Network of Religious Leaders Living with or Personally Affected by HIV and AIDS MAPAC Malawi Program for Aflatoxin Control MBC Malawi Broadcasting Corporation MBCA Malawi Business Coalition against HIV and AIDS MCHIP Maternal Child Health Integrated Program MCM Media Council of Malawi MDA Ministries, Departments, and Agencies MEJN Malawi Economic Justice Network MHEN Malawi Health Equity Network MIAA Malawi Interfaith AIDS Association MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MISA Media Institute of Southern Africa MLHUD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio MnM Moyo ndi Mpamba MNCH Maternal Newborn and Child Health MOEST Ministry of Education, Science and Technology MOGCDSW Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability, and Social Welfare MOH Ministry of Health MOH-HES Ministry of Health - Health Education Section MOICT Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies MNCH Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health MOAIWD Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Water Development MOIT Ministry of Industry and Trade MOLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MOLSYMD Ministry of Labour, Sports, Youth, and Manpower Development MOYDS Ministry of Youth Development and Sports MSH Management Sciences for Health MSM Men who have Sex with Men MTL Malawi Telecom Limited MWK Malawian Kwacha NAC National AIDS Commission NAMISA National Media Institute of Southern Africa Malawi Chapter NAO National Audit Office NAPHAM National Association for People Living with HIV and AIDS in Malawi NASFAM National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi NCD Non-Communicable Disease NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHCS National Health Communication Strategy NICE National Initiative for Civic Education NMCP National Malaria Control Program NSO National Statistical Office NYCOM National Youth Council of Malawi NYORG Nkhadze Alive Youth Organization OD Open Defecation ODF Open Defecation Free ONSE Organized Network of Services for Everyone PAC Public Affairs Committee PACA Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa PACHI Parent and Child Health Initiative PAEPARD Platform for African-European Partnership in Agricultural Research for Development PBCC Provider Behavior Change Communication PCI Project Concern International PDI Participatory Development Initiative PICS Perdue Improved Crop Storage PIH Partners in Health PLHIV People Living With HIV PMI President’s Malaria Initiative PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission PSI Population Services International QA/QI Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement RH Reproductive Health RHD Reproductive Health Directorate SAT Southern Africa AIDS Trust SBCC Social and Behavior Change Communication SCALE Scaling, Catalyzing, Advocating, Learning, and Evidence-Driven SCI Save the Children International SEM Socio-Ecological Model SMC School Management Committee SMS Short Message Service SNL Saving Newborn Lives SRH Sexual and Reproductive Health SRHR Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights SSDI Support for Services Delivery Integration SSDI-S Support for Service Delivery Integration – Services STI Sexually Transmitted Infection SUN Scaling Up Nutrition SWET Story Workshop Educational Trust SWG Sector Working Group TA Traditional Authority TB Tuberculosis TfaC Theatre for a Change TNM Telekom Network Malawi TOR Terms of Reference TV Television TWG Technical Working Group UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UP United Purpose USAID United States Agency for International Development USG United States Government VDC Village Development Committee VHC Village Health Committee VMMC Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision WALA Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WES Water and Environmental Sanitation WFP World Food Program WG Working Groups WHO World Health Organization Wits University of Witwatersrand WSSCC Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council WVI World Vision International YFHS Youth-Friendly Health Service YONECO Youth Net and Counselling ZBS Zodiak Broadcasting Station

Executive Summary The goal of this Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) Stakeholder Mapping Report is to fulfill “Deliverable 2-1, Stakeholder mapping report detailing governmental and non-governmental institutions active in SBCC and health communications.” The report maps key stakeholders active in SBCC in Malawi and identifies implementation overlaps and gaps to facilitate coordination, harmonization, and scale-up of evidence-based approaches, as well as reduce duplication of effort among partners in line with the Health Sector Strategic Plan 2017-2022 (HSSP II).

The mapping specifically contributes to the Health Communication for Life (HC4L) Project’s Intermediate Result 2 (IR2.1), which seeks to “strengthen the Government of Malawi’s (GOM) capacity to lead national SBCC programming” across eight priority health and development areasi. This will reinforce the ability of the Ministry of Health, Health Education Section (MOH-HES) to lead and coordinate a broad range of stakeholders active in SBCC at the national, zonal, and district levels.

The objectives of stakeholder mapping are to: 1) Understand the environment in which SBCC activities for the eight priority health and development areas are being implemented; 2) Map key stakeholders implementing SBCC activities in the eight health and development areas; 3) Identify overlaps, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration in the design and implementation of SBCC activities in Malawi. The mapping exercise found 115 stakeholders in Malawi implementing SBCC activities across the eight health and development areas. While some areas, such as HIV and nutrition had a considerable number of active SBCC stakeholders, other areas, such as food safety and misuse of government resources had only a few.

The analysis of the findings from the mapping exercise were used to identify geographic coverage, overlaps, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration. The mapping showed each of the 28 districts had at least two or more stakeholders implementing SBCC activities in each of the eight health and development areas. With this breadth of stakeholders, effective coordination is essential to ensure synergies and avoid duplication of effort. The GOM, through the MOH-HES, has the immense task of facilitating coordination and collaboration of these stakeholders. It is also important for partners to have a role in identifying and collaborating with key players in their areas of operation. In most cases, due to gaps in technical capacity, personnel, and finances, some GOM entities are reactive to partner-led coordination initiatives rather than leading the way. This further diminishes the GOM’s ability to lead, coordinate, and harmonize SBCC efforts by stakeholders.

The findings also revealed limitations of some stakeholders’ ability to adequately identify and apply core SBCC principles, theories, and processes to the development of a strategic approach to SBCC activities. Stakeholders often used one-directional information, education, and communication (IEC) and a limited channel mix for SBCC, which underscores a lack of understanding the complexities involved in social and behavior change.

i (1) Maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH); (2) malaria; (3) family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH); (4) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); (5) nutrition; (6) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); (7) food safety and aflatoxin management and control; and (8) human cost of misuse of government resources in the health sector/social accountability. The report provides recommendations on what MOH-HES, HC4L, stakeholders, and development partners, such as USAID, can respectively do to strengthen harmonization and collaboration in the development and implementation of SBCC activities. This will contribute to the overall quality of SBCC implemented in Malawi in support of priority health outcomes.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 9 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Overview of the Project On September 6, 2016, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Malawi awarded Family Health International (FHI 360) and its consortium of partnersii the five-year Health Communication for Life (HC4L) Project. The Project works to support the Government of Malawi (GOM) in improving the quality of life for the people of Malawi by reducing the risk of ill health and occurrence of premature deaths.

Through evidence-based and innovative social and behavior change communication (SBCC) activities, coupled with intensive SBCC capacity strengthening for the GOM to lead—and partners to support—national SBCC programming, HC4L contributes to the social and economic development of the country. HC4L’s primary objectives are to: 1. Improve health seeking practices 2. Strengthen GOM capacity to lead national SBCC programming 3. Strengthen capacity of key institutional partners to design, implement, and evaluate high-quality SBCC 4. Improve the use of data for decision making in SBCC

The Project supports advancement of the GOM’s Health Sector Strategic Plan 2017-2022 (HSSP II) and National Health Communication Strategy 2015-2020 (NHCS). It further supports USAID/Malawi’s Country Development Cooperation Strategy’s (CDCS) 3-C approach (co-locating, coordinating, collaborating) to achieve objectives around integrated programming and strengthening national capacity.

HC4L focuses on eight priority health and development areas: (1) maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH); (2) malaria; (3) family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH); (4) food safety and aflatoxin management and control; (5) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); (6) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), (7) nutrition; and (8) the human cost of misuse of government resources in the health and social responsibility sectors.

1.2 Purpose and Objectives This report presents findings from the SBCC stakeholder mapping exercise HC4L conducted between October 2016 and August 2018 in Malawi. Its overall purpose is to detail governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in SBCC at national, zonal and district levels; to identify overlaps, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration; and to provide recommendations to inform present and future SBCC programming. This is in fulfilment of HC4L contract deliverable under section F.5.9: Deliverables and Ad Hoc Reports, Section B. Reporting and Deliverable Schedule, Part 2, Performance Objectives/Outputs Table. Deliverable 2-1: Stakeholder Mapping Report detailing government and non-governmental institutions active in SBCC and health communications at the national, zonal, and district levels.

Specifically, the stakeholder mapping sought to: 1. Understand the environment in which SBCC interventions for the eight health and development areas are being implemented; 2. Map key stakeholders implementing SBCC activities in the eight health and development areas; ii Story Workshop Educational Trust (SWET), Creative Centre for Community Mobilization (CRECCOM), Youth Net and Counselling (YONECO), University of Witwatersrand (Wits), and Human Network International (HNI)

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 10 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 3. Identify overlaps, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration in design and implementation of SBCC activities in Malawi.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 11 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 2.0 Methodology HC4L conducted a mapping of SBCC stakeholders at national, zonal, and district levels for the eight health and development areas. The initial stakeholder mapping exercise was conducted between October and November 2016. Following USAID feedback, HC4L conducted further mapping and additional analyses. 2.1 Literature Review A search of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted using electronic search engines and databases, and applying the following keywords: health communication interventions, SBCC, WASH, nutrition, MNCH, FP/RH, HIV, aflatoxins, Organized Network of Services for Everyone (ONSE), the Local Government Accountability Program (LGAP), Empowering Girls through Education and Health, and Malawi, among others. Grey literature, such as unpublished reports, program/project documents, policies, and other strategic documents were also retrieved. Organizational websites were used to source additional information on key stakeholders. The findings were used to identify potential SBCC stakeholders, as well as to better inform the situation as it relates to HC4L’s priority health and development areas. All literature identified was reviewed and summarized as part of this report. 2.2 Stakeholder Consultations Snowball sampling was used to identify stakeholders. HC4L contacted known stakeholders such as USAID/Malawi, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), ONSE, Tiwalere II, and One Community for interviews, and further requested their assistance in identifying SBCC stakeholders. This was followed by engaging the MOH-HES and other GOM Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) who were also requested to provide a listing of key partners implementing SBCC within their respective health and development areas. HC4L applied the same approach at the district-level; where it interviewed District Promotional Officers (DHPOs) and District Health Committees from the 16 HC4L and ONSE districtsiii. In addition, HC4L contacted the Essential Health Package Technical Working Group (EHP-TWG); the Health Promotion TWG (HP-TWG) and other relevant Technical Working Groups (TWGs) to further identify stakeholders active in SBCC.

Approximately 50 stakeholders active in SBCC or health communication in Malawi were mapped during the initial review, while additional stakeholders were identified through the literature review. In 2018, HC4L expanded the mapping list to 115 partners/stakeholders who are active in SBCC in Malawiiv in the eight health and development areas, as well as gender and youth integration.

Interviews were conducted with identified stakeholders in-person and using phone and Skype to determine: (1) geographic coverage, (2) health and development focus areas, (3) SBCC activities/approaches, (4) collaborating partners, and (5) contact information. The following GOM MDAs were contacted during the exercise: MOH-HES, DNHA, DHA, NAC, RHD, National Malaria Control Program (NMCP), Malawi Program for Aflatoxin Control (MAPAC), Ministry of Gender, Community Development, and Social Welfare (MOGCDSW), Ministry of Youth Development and Sports (MOYDS), National Youth Council (NYC) of Malawi, Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MOEST) and Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MOLGRD).

iii Chitipa, Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Salima, Kasungu, Dowa, Mchinji, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, Mangochi, Zomba, Mulanje and Chikwawa. iv Defined as individual projects

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 12 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report This was further supplemented by a desk review of available information collected, organized, and synthesized on key organizations implementing SBCC in Malawi. This was done by reviewing key documents, such as reports, directories, newspapers, and websites, to identify organizations implementing SBCC activities in Malawi, districts of implementation (geographical scope), and areas of focus, among others.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 13 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 3.0 Context of SBCC Implementation in Malawi

3.1 Brief Country Profile Malawi is divided into three regions: Northern (with six districts), Central (with nine districts), and Southern (with 13 districts). Administratively, districts are subdivided into traditional authorities (TAs), each presided over by chiefs. Each TA is composed of villages, which are the smallest administrative unit, and villages are presided over by village headmen. Malawi has several ethnic groups, including the Chewa, Nyanja, Yao, Tumbuka, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, and Ngonde. There are also sizable populations of Europeans and Asians. The official language is Chichewa, spoken by 57% of the population. There are no accurate statistics on the religious affiliation of Malawi's population, but it is estimated that 68% of the country is Christian, while 25% is Muslim1.

3.2 Malawi’s Health System Health administration in Malawi is divided into national, zonal, and district levels2. At the national level, the MOH provides overall stewardship for the health sector; including the development, review, and enforcement of health and related policies and standards. The zonal level health structure was established to provide technical, management, and administrative support, and to coordinate the activities of a cluster of up to seven districts per zone. Zonal offices provide technical support to district health management teams (DHMTs) in planning, delivering, and monitoring health services at the district level. There are five zonal offices: North, Central West, Central East, South East, and South. At district level, the District Health Officers (DHOs) are responsible for managing primary and secondary health facilities. District councils are responsible for overall development of the district and provide for local people’s participation in the formulation and implementation of the District Implementation Plans (DIPs). The District Councils have formed action committees/structures at the district, area ward, and village levels. These structures include a District Executive Committee (DEC) at the district level, Area Development Committee (ADC) at the area level, and Village Development Committee (VDC) at the community level. Through these structures, communities participate in decision-making on issues that affect their daily lives, including health issues.

3.2.1 MOH-HES Structure and Funding The MOH-HES is responsible for the GOM’s health promotion and communication programs and sets standards for all health promotion programs in country. Its overarching goal is to reduce preventable deaths and disability through effective health promotion activities. The mission of the MOH-HES is to work with other government departments and partner/stakeholders to: • Create public awareness • Facilitate community involvement and participation • Promote activities that will foster healthy behaviors • Encourage people to desire to be healthy and stay healthy, and to individually and collectively maintain sound health and access client-friendly health services in a timely manner

The MOH-HES is in the Preventive Health Department of the MOH and uses the Health Promotion Policy (2013), the NHCS, and Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Guidelines (1990) to inform the development of SBCC activities. The MOH-HES is also expected to play a critical central leadership role in facilitating coordination among existing governance systems and structures, as well as leading coordination and planning with

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 14 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report national programs, TWGs, and technical sub-groups on health promotion strategies, message harmonization, and SBCC activities.

Within the MOH-HES, a Deputy Director provides overall strategic direction at the national level and participates in the MOH’s senior management meetings. At the national level, the Deputy Director is ideally supported by a planned total of 13 officers, who include the Chief Health Promotion Officer (HPO), as well as Principal HPOs, Senior HPOs, and other HPOs. These individuals are responsible for supporting the Deputy Director to lead and coordinate the development of health promotion and SBCC activities at the national level, in line with the Health Promotion Policy (2013) and the National Health Communication Strategy (2015- 2020). Within each district, there is a mandate to have three DHPOs who are responsible for coordinating district health education programs. There is an estimated total of 100 staff positions under the MOH-HES, across all levels.

The MOH-HES, however, is affected by Malawi’s legacy of underinvestment in its health sector workforce. As of March 2018, many staff vacancies existed at both national and district levels (e.g., of the 100 estimated MOH-HES staff positions, only 33 were filled, unchanged for over a year’s time). Additionally, the required qualification for MOH-HES staff at national and district levels includes a degree in Health Education or Health Promotion. As these courses are unavailable in Malawi, the MOH-HES often employs staff trained in Environmental Health, which is offered at Malawi Polytechnicv. Under the Support for Services Delivery Integration (SSDI)-Communication Project several MOH-HES staff attended a five-day SBCC workshop conducted by an implementing partner. However, trainings have been episodic and infrequent, with little effort to provide coaching and on-job training as part of on-going SBCC capacity strengthening. Most staff in the MOH-HES have not had the opportunity for further training in SBCC. This has been further affected by the limited number of institutions in Malawi that offer SBCC-related coursesvi.

The MOH-HES’ headquarter-level annual budget is approximately US $30,000. This amount has been described by stakeholders as inadequate. At district level, DIPs may include health promotion activities, but they are often not funded as planned. Because of these factors, implementation of most SBCC activities is heavily reliant on partners and stakeholders who focus on a few areas according to their priorities. This excludes many critical health and development areas under the HSSP II. According to interviews with DHPOs, the areas that receive the most support from partners at the district level include HIV, WASH, nutrition, malaria, and integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI).

3.2.2 Related Ministry Oversight Bodies Table 1 provides an overview of governmental and other bodies governing or supporting policies, guidance, coordination, and implementation as related to the eight health and development areas.

v The curriculum includes some elements of SBCC vi Please see other key HC4L documents for further information related to SBCC capacity in Malawi and on HC4L’s work to strengthen SBCC capacity in country (including partnership with the University of Malawi – Chancellor College and the Malawi Polytechnic) to train MOH-HES staff – including HC4L Capacity Strengthening Plan (2016-2021), Capacity Strengthening Action Plan for GOM/MOH-HES (July 2017-June 2018), Draft Capacity Strengthening Plan for GOM/MOH- HES (July 2018-June 2019).

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 15 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Table 1. Related ministry oversight bodies and their roles

Sector/ Focal Body Level Mandate/Role Area MNCH, Directorate for National Coordinates the integration of SRH services at all levels; FP/RH Reproductive develops SRH policies, strategy, and guidelines; guides Health implementation of SRH services; and monitors and evaluates them. The Directorate promotes safer RH practices by men, women, and young people, and aims to increase the use of high-quality, accessible SRH services among target audiences. Malaria NMCP National Organizes and coordinates quarterly meetings; secures funding for SBCC development; facilitates development and review of SBCC strategies; monitors and evaluates message development and delivery; and plans SBCC activities. WASH Ministry of National Responsible for water services throughout Malawi, Agriculture, formulates and administers water policy and standards, and Irrigation, and grants licenses for water extraction rights. Departments Water under the MOAIWD oversee rural water supply and Development sanitation service delivery. (MOAIWD) • Department of Water Supply • Department of Sanitation • Department of Environmenta l Health District Water District Implements all MOH and MOAIWD WASH initiatives; Development coordinates and regulates WASH NGOs’ plans locally; Office governs (serves as a steward of local public resources); executes centrally-driven projects; handles policy issues; *All SBCC and educates communities on their role in water and activities are sanitation delivery.3 implemented through extension *Note: The District Water Development Office is one of the agents and Health most important local governing authorities Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) HIV DHA National Under the MOH, the DHA coordinates the national biomedical responses to HIV and AIDS. Preventive Health National Oversees HIV prevention efforts. Services NAC National Serves as a secretariat/ coordinating body for the national HIV response in Malawi. NAC has a Behavior Change Interventions Department that is responsible for the development and implementation management of HIV and AIDS behavior change communication (BCC) strategies. DNHA National Coordinates nutrition activities across the country and nutrition-HIV integration, especially within Prevention of Mothers to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and adult nutrition. Aflatoxins MAPAC National MAPAC strengthens collaboration, leverages resources, and facilitates a coordinated national response to aflatoxin management and control. Its aim is to contribute to the achievement of established nutrition and health, trade, and

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 16 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report agriculture and food security objectives in Malawi. MAPAC’s mandate, specifically is to: ▪ Take stock of existing initiatives in Malawi aimed at addressing aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts and maize ▪ Identify programmatic gaps in aflatoxin management and control ▪ Prioritize and promote coordination and synergies among various stakeholders involved in addressing aflatoxin‐related problems Misuse of National Audit National NAO provides internal audit functions for all government Government Office (NAO) departments. Funds Public Affairs National PAC provides budget versus implementation-level oversight Committee (PAC) of government resources.

MOLGRD Local MOLGRD is mandated to promote and develop local government governance and participatory democracy by creating an level environment conducive for socioeconomic development and the socio-stability of the districts. The Anti- National Government parastatal body with a legal mandate to Corruption prosecute cases of corruption and misuse of government Bureau (ACB) resources. ACB uses SBCC activities such as radio, newspapers, workshops, and anti-corruption rallies as major channels of communication. It coordinates government response in the fight against corruption and enlists public support to report suspected corruption cases.

Gender and MOGCDSW National MOGCDSW is mandated to promote gender equality and Youth protect the welfare of Malawian women, men, girls, and boys to become self-reliant and active participants in and beneficiaries of the national development agenda. MOGCDSW has the following strategic objectives: ▪ To promote women’s rights and participation in economic, social, and political spheres ▪ To promote women’s participation in productive business enterprises ▪ To increase the number of children accessing child development services ▪ To reduce the number of individuals at risk of deprivation ▪ To increase the number of communities with improved living conditions participating in community-based programs ▪ To increase stakeholders’ compliance with the implementation of policies, guidelines, standards, and procedures on women and children ▪ To improve capacity of the ministry to effectively and efficiently deliver its mandate. MOLSYMD National MOLSYMD provides policy direction and guidance on all matters pertaining to the empowerment of Malawian youth and management of all sporting activities. The Ministry coordinates, plans, implements, and monitors and evaluates youth programs. It also develops, directs, promotes, and controls all sporting activities working towards youth empowerment and mass engagement. National Youth National NYCOM was established to meet Malawi’s need for a more Council of focused coordination of youth development programs, Malawi which was deficient in the country’s development plans. (NYCOM) NYCOM is the key institution to work with to ensure the

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 17 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report (a statutory effective implementation, coordination, and evaluation of Corporation) various youth development programs in Malawi. Other cross- DNHA National As part of the MOH, the DNHA, spearheads the integration cutting of nutrition in the line ministries (health, agriculture, gender, information, civic education, and local government) to ensure multi-sectoral coordination, and to provide visionary guidance and strategic direction for the implementation of the national response to nutrition disorders. All nutrition activities are implemented under the GOM’s Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) initiative.

3.3 Status of HC4L’s Eight Health and Development Areas Malawi, like many other developing countries, faces the triple burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCD), and trauma-related conditions. Ranked among the world’s least developed and most densely inhabited countries, 80% of the population of nearly 17 million live in rural areas, more than 50% live below the poverty line, and nearly 30% are illiterate. About 31% of households are headed by women, households have an average of 4.5 members, and 48% of the population is under 15 years of age4. Despite ongoing efforts, lingering health challenges persist and are exacerbated by socio-cultural, religious, and gender norms as key health determinants. These include issues associated with different life stages and age categories, literacy levels, wealth, and geographic disparities.

3.3.1 MNCH Pregnancy-related mortality has declined steadily since 2000, with the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) decreasing from 1,123 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 439 deaths per 100,000 live births in 20165. While this represents progress, at the current fertility rate and MMR, an estimated 2% of Malawian women will die from maternal-related causes during their reproductive lifetime; mostly due to preventable causes6. Most women (95%) receive antenatal care (ANC) from a skilled provider7. However, only 51% attend the recommended four ANC visits, and less than one-quarter (24%) attend ANC during their first trimester8.

Anemia in pregnancy is common in Malawi, with prevalence rates reported between 39% and 72% for all anemia, and 4% for severe anemia9. Anemia is commonly attributed to micronutrient deficiencies and parasitic infections, such as malaria and hookworm10. Malaria in pregnancy is also one of the most important preventable causes of low birth weight babies11. To prevent malaria, pregnant women should sleep under a long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) every night and take three doses of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). Among all pregnant women, only 63% sleep under LLINs; this percentage increases to 73% when there is at least one LLIN in the household12. Only 41% of pregnant women in Malawi receive the three recommended doses of IPTp13.

In Malawi, the under-5 mortality rate is 63 deaths per 1,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate is 42 deaths per 1,000 live births14. The leading causes of infant deaths are pneumonia (23%), malnutrition (22%), diarrheal diseases (18%), and malaria (14%). After the first year of life, infections from communicable childhood diseases, such as tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and measles are the major cause of death in children15. Generally, childhood mortality is higher among children of less-educated mothers, those from poorer households, and those born too soon after a previous sibling.16 Under-5 mortality increases to 123 deaths per 1,000 live births among those born less than two years after a previous birth; thus, highlighting the connection between FP behaviors and child health17.

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More than one third (37%) of children under five in Malawi are stunted, indicating they have suffered nutritional deficiencies over months or years.18 The causes of child undernutrition include suboptimal child feeding practices, inadequate diet, frequent incidence of disease among young children, and the low socioeconomic status and poor nutritional condition of many mothers19. Up to 50% of acute malnutrition in Malawi is connected to HIV20. More than half of children under five (63%) have anemia due to a combination of poor nutrition, poor hygiene, and malaria infection21.

3.3.2 Malaria Malaria remains a significant concern in Malawi, especially for children under five22. Through the National Malaria Strategic Plan (2017-2022) and the National Malaria Communication Strategy (2015-2020), the NMCP is emphasizing continued progress toward universal access to interventions for malaria prevention, care, and treatment for all Malawians. Among all children under five, only 68% sleep under LLINs; this percentage increases to 79% when there is at least one LLIN in the household; suggesting a need for emphasis on SBCC activities that promote obtaining nets, consistent net use, and addressing current barriers related to myths and misconceptions, as well as well as complacency.23

Advice or treatment for children with a fever was sought in slightly over half of cases (54%)24, with research suggesting that caretakers often do not believe it is necessary to seek care until illness is perceived to be severe25,26. Structural barriers, including distance to a health facility, facility wait times, and negative provider behaviors, are additional barriers to prompt care seeking.27,28

3.3.3 Nutrition Malawi has high comparative rates of malnutrition. There are high levels of stunting in children, with 37% of children under five being stunted and 3% wasted in 2016.29 Stunting is more likely to occur among children whose mothers are underweight, whose mothers lack education, and who reside in rural areas.

Appropriate infant and child feeding practices determine nutritional health of children and reduce and prevent stunting and wasting. Healthy practices include exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, continued breastfeed through to age two, introduction of solid and semisolid foods after six months, and a balanced diet in subsequent years. Nearly two thirds of infants in Malawi (61%) were exclusively breastfed for six months, and the median duration of breastfeeding is 23 months30. Most children ages 6-23 months receive complementary feeding, although diets are lacking in some respects – for example, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A are not often consumed. Only 8% of children in this age group meet the combined minimum standards for dietary standards of ‘dietary diversity’, ‘meal frequency’ and ‘acceptable diet’31.

3.3.4 WASH Approximately 87% of household have access to an improved water source such as piped water, public taps, standpipes, tube wells, boreholes, protected dug wells and springs, and rainwater, while the remaining 13% rely on unimproved water sources for drinking water32. Malawi still battles issues related to open defecation (OD), which prompted the development of the Open Defecation Free (ODF) Malawi Strategy in 2015. The strategy aims to ensure complete elimination of OD in rural Malawi. More than half of households (52%) have access to an improved toilet facility and 31% have access to an improved toilet facility that is

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 19 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report shared33. Levels of handwashing are estimated to be low and there is limited access to adequate handwashing facilities34.

The GOM regards water as key to the socio-economic development of the country because it has direct linkages with sectors such as agriculture, industry, natural resources, health tourism, energy, and fisheries. Improved water supply and sanitation services also contribute to public health and quality of education because it reduces the disease burden among school- going children and staff. Inadequate WASH contributes significantly to ill health in Malawi. Malawi has been affected by frequent outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, including cholera, mainly due to poor hygiene and sanitation related practices, facilitated by poor WASH infrastructure. Household food hygiene, as well as poor handling of food by food vendors also contribute to contamination and subsequent diarrheal diseases35. Lack of adequate water and sanitation facilities is also known to limit menstrual hygiene for female adolescents and women.

3.3.5 FP/RH Awareness of modern contraceptive methods (MCM) in Malawi is universal, with nearly all men and women knowing of at least one method. Most married women ages 15-49 (59%) use an MCM, as do 43% of unmarried women.36 Teenage pregnancy rates are high, with 22% of girls and young women ages 15-19 having given birth. Rates of unplanned teenage pregnancy have been found to be high in some areas of Malawi – for example, in Zomba, 76% of teenagers said they have experienced an unplanned pregnancy.37 Myths and misconceptions have been noted to undermine acceptance of modern contraceptives, including links to impotence and excessive menstruation.38 The unmet need for FP among married women ages 15-19 is 21%, and 10% for unmarried women in that age group39.

In support of FP 2020, Malawi seeks to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate among adolescents and young people ages 15-24 to 60%, as well as promote a wider range of contraceptive options to support the goal of ‘no parenthood before adulthood’ and reduce teenage pregnancy by 5% annually.40 This objective will be supported by expanding youth friendly health services (YFHS), improving comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in schools and tertiary institutions, and reducing child marriage.

3.3.6 HIV HIV prevalence among persons ages 15-49 in Malawi was estimated at 9.2% in 2016, with higher prevalence among women in comparison to men (7.1% vs 11.2%)41. Although there have been declines in new HIV infections, rates remain high at 4.15 per 1,000 for the 15-49- year age group. Two thirds of persons living with HIV (66%) are on antiretroviral therapy, and 76% are known to be on treatment 12 months after initiation.42 The coverage of pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy for PMTCT is 84%.43

HIV prevalence is twice as high in urban areas compared to rural areas (14.6% vs 7.4%), higher in the Southern zone compared to Northern and Central zones (12.8% vs 5.1%, 5.6%), and higher among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24 in comparison to adolescent boys and young men (3.3/6.4% vs 1.0/2.0%)44. Nearly one in four adolescent boys (19%) have had sex before the age of 15, in comparison to 14% of adolescent girls. Comprehensive knowledge of HIV is poor, although knowledge of prevention methods is adequate. HIV incidence in the general population is low (0.36%), whereas it is much higher in key populations (KPs) such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) – albeit that these populations are small.45 Discordant couples have an HIV

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 20 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report prevalence of 8.4% and are likely to contribute to many new HIV infections.46 Exposure to unsafe sex among girls contributes to unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion or birth complications as well as high rates of school drop-out47. Sociocultural factors, gender roles, and intergenerational sex contribute to higher vulnerability to HIV among girls and young women. Intimate partner violence is challenging for women to address on their own48. Male engagement with health services is poor, with factors including perceptions of the role of women in relation to health, among other peer and cultural factors49.

3.3.7 Food Safety and Aflatoxin Management Malawi’s economy is based on agriculture, including groundnuts, maize, cassava, and other cereal production. All these staple crops are vulnerable to aflatoxin contamination50. Aflatoxins are fungi that are poisonous to animals and humans, resulting in overactivation of inflammatory response, leading to illness including nausea and vomiting, pulmonary and cerebral edema, liver damage, cancer, and, in some instances, death51. Aflatoxins are produced in crops following exposure to high humidity or drought conditions during pre- harvest, harvest, or post-harvest. Improper agricultural techniques influence pre-harvest growth, while poor and premature harvesting, improper drying, shelling, curing, stripping, sorting, or storing contribute to harvest and post-harvest aflatoxin production52. A formative research study by HC4L reported gaps in knowledge and implementation of deliberate steps to control mold in their fields amongst farmers, although most did practice some behaviors that can boost crops’ resistance to mold and/or reduce the risk of contamination with aflatoxins post-harvest and during storage. At the household level, less than half of households take deliberate steps to control mold where maize and ground nuts are stored, and only half take steps to control mold during processing53. Limited knowledge of how mold develops and of mold prevention practices, coupled with the perception that mold is not a problem, or that it is too challenging to control, inhibit proper storage and handling practices54.

3.3.8 Misuse of Government Resources in the Heath Sector Misuse of government resources is a critical issue that affects the provision of quality health services and sustained progress in improving the health status of Malawians. A formative research study on the human cost of stolen and misused government resources by HC4L found that more than 33% of respondents believed that theft or misuse of property was the most common way in which government resources are being misused in the health sector55. The study noted that most respondents identified corruption as a problem in Malawi, with the theft of drugs from health facilities and extortion of bribes in exchange for health services described as the most significant issues in health sector corruption. However, while more than 66% of survey respondents reported having noticed, found, or seen drugs believed to be from a government health facility being sold elsewhere (including shops, markets, and private health facilities), only about 15% reported they took any action in response, such as reporting to the police, the local chief, or the ACB56. The major reasons people do not report corruption are: people do not know how to report corruption or perceive it to be too difficult to report; fear of repercussions for reporting; and concern reporting corruption does not help the issue. There was also a lack of trust that avenues for reporting corruption will be fruitful or adequately enforced, showing an overall lack of trust in public institutions with regard to addressing corruption57.

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3.4.1 GOM Communication Entities The Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (MOICT) has the mandate to provide policy guidance and direction on all matters concerning media, access to public information, broadcasting, telecommunication, postal services, and information and communication technology (ICT). The MOICT is the public relations arm of the government and it is better resourced that the MOH-HES. There are reported tensions between the two over resources, although according to one participant, this is being addressed. For example, the HP-TWG, which is chaired by the MOH-HES has representation from the MOICT. The newly formed Ministry of Civic Education, Culture, and Community Development is mandated to provide overall policy guidance and direction on all civic education activitiesvii and some of its roles overlap with those of the MOH-HES and MOICT. The Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA) regulates ICT services in Malawi and is responsible for ensuring the provision of reliable and affordable communication services and protecting the interests of consumers.

3.4.2 Media Channels Television (TV): Malawi has three types of television broadcasting services: public (through the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation [MBC], private (private, for-profit ownership), and subscription broadcasting (subscribers pay a fee). Television ownership stands at 46% in urban areas and 6% in rural areas58. The most watched television stations in Malawi are MBC Television (87%), followed by Luntha (32%), and Times Television (31%)59.

Radio: Malawi has national radio stations (both state-owned and privately-owned) with national coverage, and community radio stations, which broadcast to a limited radius. Community radio stations serve specific audiences of interest, such as religious audiences, children, or youth. Forty-five percent of households in Malawi have a radio, including 62% of households in urban areas and 42% in rural areas60. Among households with a radio, 90% listen to MBC Radio 1, 85% to MBC Radio 2, 79% to Zodiak Broadcasting Station (ZBS), and 54% to Radio Maria61. MBC Radio 1 and MBC Radio 2 have the greatest listenership in both urban and rural settings62. Please see Appendix 11 for a list of broadcasting licensees and their operational status.

Mobile Phones: Malawi has two leading mobile phone providers (Airtel and Telekom Networks Malawi [TNM]). Of those using cellular service, 56% are Airtel mobile network subscribers, while 44% use TNM63. Malawi Telecom Limited (MTL) and Access Communications Limited share a 0.3% mobile phone subscriber base64.

3.4.3 Television, Radio, and Mobile Phone Ownership and Use TV: A National Statistical Office (NSO) and MACRA study conducted in 2015, found that 11% of households owned a working television set.65 Eighteen percent of Malawians watch TV, with the Northern Region having the highest viewership (24%), followed by the Southern Region (18%), and the Central Region (16%).66 Most people say the main place they watch TV is at home (54%), while others watch at friends’ houses (35%), or mainly in public places (9%).67 The preferred times for viewing television are between 14:00–21:00 hours.68 Reasons for not watching TV include because they could not afford a TV (66% of respondents), lack of electricity at home (11%), or lack of interest in television (7%)69. vii Before September 6, 2016, there was only one ministry – the Ministry of Information and Civic Education, which was responsible for all media and civic education activities, before it was split into two ministries.

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Radio: Radio ownership in Malawi is 45% of households.70. There are variations in terms of sex and radio ownership: more male-headed households (53%) own radios than female- headed households (24%), and 81% of households headed by highly educated persons own radios.71 Houses with electricity have a higher percentage of ownership (76%) than those without electricity (39%).72

In terms of where people access radio, most people listen at home (73%, while 23% listen from a neighbor’s house, and 2% at a workplace or using a mobile phone handset.73 Over 80% of people within communities where community radio is accessible, listen to community radio stations. For example, Likoma, Chancellor College, and Mudziwathu community radio stations are listened to by over 80% of people within their coverage areas74. The most popular time to listen to the radio is between 16:00–20:00 hours, when 45% of individuals listen, and between 08:00–16:00 hours when 27% of individuals listen.75 Less than 10% of individuals listen to the radio between midnight and 8am.76 There are not major differences in time of listenership when broken out by age group, sex, or by head of household.77

Mobile Phone: Mobile phones are an emerging channel for disseminating and sourcing health information, and engaging audiences. Mobile phone ownership has increased in recent years in Malawi, with current ownership estimated at 46% of households and 34% of individuals78,79. The Northern region has the highest ownership of mobile phones at 48% of individuals, followed by Southern region (35%) and Central region (33%). Individuals residing in urban areas have greater ownership of mobile phones (70%), as compared with only 31% of rural individuals who owned mobile phones.80

3.4.4 Preferred Channels of Communication Malawi has several sources of health information, some preferred over others, based on access and literacy levels of the intended audiences, among other preferences. According to findings from the SSDI-Communication Project’s baseline survey, the most preferred sources of health information are: (1) health care workers, (2) radio and TV, and (3) community health workers; followed by community-based organizations (CBOs), local authorities, and newspapers and magazines (Figure 1)81. Both men and women most commonly access health information through their contacts with health care workers, including HSAs, doctors, nurses, midwifes, and medical officers82.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 23 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Figure 1: Sources of health information83

3.2.5 Other Considerations Language: Malawi is diverse in terms of languages. English is the official language of the country; while Chichewa is the national language. Other languages spoken in Malawi include Chiyawo, Chisena, Chilomwe, Chitumbuka, Chilomwe, Chitonga, among others84. The language of preference for radio programming is Chichewa (88%); followed by English (8%) and Tumbuka (3%)85. Only 1% prefer other minority languages such as Yao, Lomwe, or Tonga86. Approximate 90% of people from rural areas listen in Chichewa, compared with 74% of urban inhabitants87. Regionally, 91% from the Central Region, 90% from the Southern Region, and 72% from the Northern Region listen to Chichewa language programs88. On community radio, however, listeners prefer programs in the local language of the areas covered by the community radio, and producers and presenters who can speak as they do (in accents and slang they can relate to)89.

Literacy and Schooling: Literacy levels in Malawi are 72% for women and 82% for men90. Twelve percent of Malawian women and 5% of Malawian men have not attained any education, 8% of women and 9% of men have completed primary education, and 16% and 20%, respectively, have completed secondary education91. The majority, 54% of women and 50% of men, have some primary education as their highest level92. Low education and literacy levels must inform the selection of SBCC channels and the design of media and materials.

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4.1 Policy and Strategy Analysis Numerous policies exist to inform the design and prioritization of SBCC activities implemented by government and non-governmental institutions in Malawi. The HSSP II is the primary reference document that articulates the GOM’s objectives and priorities for health. The HSSP II defines eleven priorities that comprise the Essential Health Package (EHP), which include health promotion and communication strategies to address environmental and social risk factors for poor health outcomes. Health promotion and communication priorities are further defined in the NHCS. The NHCS includes messaging for each of the 11 EHP priorities and is considered the primary reference point for health promotion and SBCC activities implemented in Malawi. Several health areas, such as malaria and HIV, benefit from individual communication or SBCC strategies that provide greater detail to programs implemented under those thematic areas. During key informant interviews, several policies and strategies were suggested as potentially important reference documents that might inform the design and implementation of SBCC programs. These policies and strategies, as well as their potential implications, are outlined in Table 2. Additional policies and strategies are included in Appendix 14.

Table 2: Analysis of key strategic documents, with implications for SBCC programs Policy Purpose Key components Implications for HC4L and MOH- HES HSSP II Support the Defines elements of the EHP. Outlines Positioned as the MOH’s goal of key strategies and activities for the reference document for achieving achievement of strategic objectives, health programming; universal health from regulatory changes to community- should be used to care by level activities. Objective 2 focuses on inform development of strengthening environmental and social risk factors, any health area- health systems which are largely addressed through specific SBCC plans. for the delivery health promotion and SBCC strategies. of an EHP and Guidelines to help implementers, the addressing MOH, and development partners social prioritize which strategies to fund and determinants of implement are included, as well as health. priority impact, outcome, and output indicators with targets for each. NHCS Harmonize Provides key communication objectives, Up-to-date approaches and key messages, and channels for each communication integrate component of the EHP. Outlines the strategy that HC4L and messages across overarching theme of Moyo ndi the MOH-HES will use the 11 priorities Mpamba: Usamalireni! (Life is to design and included in the Precious: Take Care of It!). Anchored in implement SBCC EHP (as the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) for interventions under the defined in the Change and selected behavior change Moyo ndi Mpamba HSSP I). theories. Uses a Life Stage Approach to campaign. Should be promote healthy choices at critical life used to inform any junctures. project-specific SBCC activities to ensure alignment with national objectives, messages, and channels. Health Harmonizes Promotes a comprehensive approach, Policy instrument to Promotion health beyond just communication and guide the MOH-HES Policy 2013 promotion education, that includes advocacy, social in day-to-day

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 25 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report services at all mobilization, and empowerment for coordination of SBCC levels of the social and behavior change to address activities in the health system. the current burden of both country. communicable and NCDs. Malaria Guides malaria Outlines key audiences, communication MOH-HES and HC4L Communication SBCC activities objectives, messages, and channels for will use this strategy to Strategy 2015 – and defines the four malaria-related behaviors. Includes support NMCP to 2020 implementation, advocacy activities to promote greater develop and implement coordination, donor and political support for malaria malaria specific SBCC and monitoring communication activities. Linked to the materials. of malaria NHCS. SBCC programs. National Guides efforts One component includes public Does not include key Aflatoxin to improve awareness, advocacy, and consumer messages or channels Awareness and farmer and education. Capacity building plan for but is a starting point Communication processor the use of all stakeholders along the to support development Strategy 2013 knowledge, value chain. Outlines role of media and national rollout of attitudes, and organizations in aflatoxin control. SBCC messages on practices on Costed implementation plan advocates food safety, and the aflatoxins to integration into existing agriculture and management and create greater nutrition programs. control of aflatoxins. awareness and understanding of aflatoxins in the context of food safety beyond trade effects. National Sexual Provides a Covers key policy areas, including FP, A key reference and framework for treatment of sexually transmitted document for HC4L Reproductive the provision of infections (STIs), and youth services. and partners, such as Health and comprehensive Provides policy statements for each ONSE and Banja La Rights (SRHR) SRHR services. priority SRHR service area and Mtsogolo (BLM), as Policy 2017 – positions SBCC as a priority they develop and 2022 intervention. implement SBCC activities for adolescents, particularly activities to increase access to MCMs for young people. National Provides a Outlines key sanitation and hygiene Dated document that Sanitation framework for promotion programs and initiatives such still provides guidance Policy 2008 developing as: Hygiene Education and Sanitation to implementers. Will programs and Promotion; Participatory Sanitation and be used as a reference initiatives to Hygiene Transformation; Community to guide selection of address Health and Sciences Unit; MOH-HES; priorities for sanitation sanitation and School Health Programs; and, Health and hygiene promotion hygiene. Care Waste Management. activities. National Action Guides policy Provides key messages on HWTS to Will be used to inform Plan to Scale and emphasize correct and consistent use. water and sanitation Up the Practice implementation Promotes dissemination of key messaging to ensure of Household actions to messages through multiple channels, more comprehensive Water improve the such as entertainment performances, messaging in Treatment and integration of business meetings, radio and television communities and Safe Storage HWTS into advertising, printed leaflets and flyers, households for (HWTS) in existing and short message service (SMS) improve water Malawi 2013 national and messaging. practices. community

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 26 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report health and sanitation programs. YFHS Strategy Informs Includes policy reform and service Provides key strategies 2015 – 2020 programs to delivery strengthened as key pillars. advocate for and increase Communication on sexual and provide comprehensive knowledge and reproductive health issues included as a information on SRH to improve key strategic objective. young people. utilization of youth-friendly health services for young people age 10- 24. HIV Prevention Identifies key Presents a combination prevention To be used as a Strategy 2015 – priorities for approach. Outlines primary audiences reference when 2020 HIV prevention for HIV prevention interventions, which selecting priority HIV activities and include biomedical, behavioral, and prevention behaviors priority structural. Includes governance and for key audiences and audiences. coordination of HIV prevention influencers among activities and cross-cutting issues, such audiences at risk of as gender-based violence (GBV). HIV. Open Harmonizes Promotes a community led total To be used when Defecation Free inputs from all sanitation (CLTS) approach to create developing SBCC Malawi players and demand for sanitation products and messages to support Strategy 2011 – stakeholders services; outlines specific activities that WASH activities and 2015 working on might be used for greater community CLTS efforts. sanitation; involvement and promotion of sanitation establishes products and services. shared goals, outputs, and outcomes. National Describes the Includes policy statements and Dated document that Environmental GOM’s suggested strategies for food safety and still provides guidance Health Policy approach to hygiene, health and safety, disease on environmental 2010 environmental prevention and control, and water and health priorities, health issues sanitation. including water and and sanitation sanitation and food and hygiene inspection. practices. National Creates a Establishes standards for processes and Will be used to inform Community unified plan coordination, communication, and the design and Health Strategy from multiple implementation of community health implementation of 2017 – 2022 sectors to services. Includes an implementation community-based develop plan outlining priorities for community activities, especially consensus on health programs and expected outcomes. those that create the vision and Aligns with HSSP II priorities, demand for community mission of providing detail on the community health services. The community health services components of the EHP. document will also health. inform coordination structures for community level activities, such as Community Health Action Groups (CHAGs) and HSAs. National Guidance for Includes policy statements to improve To be used as a Gender Policy the the participation of women and girls, as reference document in 2012 – 2017 mainstreaming well as boys and men. Outlines expected integrating gender in of gender into outcomes and coordination mechanisms the development and

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 27 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report the national to ensure mainstreaming into thematic implementation of development areas covered in the Malawi Growth and SBCC interventions. process. Development Strategy.

4.2 Coordination through TWGs and Other Committees It was reported that an abundance of TWGs and committees have been established with the intention to improve coordination and oversight of programs implemented by government and non-governmental institutions. Most Ministry-endorsed strategies and policies, including service delivery and implementation guidelines, are designed and updated with inputs from TWGs. TWGs are comprised of representatives from government, donors, and implementing partners, and have established permanent or ad hoc sub-TWGs to support specific technical expertise, including communication and health promotion.

4.2.1 EHP Communication TWG The TWG structure supports the implementation of the HSSP II, which includes a central EHP TWG supported by sub-committees for each health area, and task force teams for each activity. Most relevant to SBCC is the EHP Communication TWG, sometimes referred to as the HP-TWG. The HP-TWG was constituted to respond to increasing demand for health promotion activities in both communicable and NCD control programs. The HP-TWG is housed within the MOH-HES and its key roles and responsibilities include: • Provide technical guidance to the EHP TWG and other organizations in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating health promotion activities • Ensure quality and standards in the delivery of health promotion activities, including messages and SBCC materials • Facilitate capacity building of stakeholders engaged in health promotion programs • Provide a representative forum for consensus building and support for decisions relating to EHP health promotion programs • Facilitate sharing and exchange of information and experiences among agencies and government ministries implementing health promotion activities • Ensure SBCC needs in all communicable and NCD programs are addressed through close collaboration and coordination with the specific programs

The HP-TWG is supposed to meet quarterly and in the past has been supported financially and technically by USAID-funded projects. Adherence to the quarterly meeting schedule has been lacking, due to what stakeholders described as “other competing commitments”. Participation in meetings was described as poor and some key SBCC implementers reported having never been invited to a meeting. Topics discussed at TWG meetings are usually routine and decisions made are rarely implemented, monitored, or followed-up.

According to five central level MOH-HES staff who participated in interviews, the above roles and responsibilities of the HP-TWG are difficult to fulfill due to limited technical capacity, staffing gaps, and lack of finances. This, therefore, leaves the initiative of convening TWG meetings to IPs who may have an agenda that they would like to advance. The MOH-HES staff noted that annual budgets include TWG meetings, but that funding is often not released.

The MOH-HES staff also reported that whereas membership of the HP-TWG includes over 40 local and international partners, about half of them do not attend the meetings. Even the few partners who participate are inconsistent and only come when they “want something” from the MOH-HES and the TWG (e.g. review and approval of materials).

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Because of the ineffective management of the HP-TWG, it was reported that some stakeholders develop their own SBCC materials without consulting the MOH-HES and the TWG. MOH-HES respondents attributed this to either the partner’s perception that working with the MOH-HES or HP-TWG would not add value to the final output, or because the partner was unaware of the prescribed process for developing SBCC materials. These actions continue to diminish the MOH-HES’ role as the national SBCC leader and coordinator.

4.2.2 Other Relevant Committees In addition to the HP-TWG, it was reported that the MOH-HES is often requested to participate in thematic TWGs and committees, including task forces, to provide guidance on health promotion strategies. These include several WASH and nutrition task forces that have been established at the national- and district-level to improve collaboration among government agencies, donors, and implementing partners. Key task forces for WASH include the National ODF Task Force, the National Hand Washing Campaign Task Force, and the District Coordination Team (which aligns with the WASH Sector Working Group).

Important WASH coordinating bodies include: • The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) – A national body for partners on WASH. WSSCC facilitates coordination, knowledge management, networking, and advocacy; supports the WASH media network; and facilitates consistency in methods and approaches. • The Water, Environment, and Sanitation (WES) Network – A non-governmental membership body to coordinate sustainable NGO WASH service delivery. Has four TWG committees: water supply, sanitation and hygiene, research and documentation, and policy and advocacy.

Important nutrition coordinating bodies include: • The Government Development Partners Committee – Facilitates the review, planning, and implementation of projects and shares information on nutrition programming to advocate and review progress toward implementation of the National Nutrition Policy and Strategic Plan. • The Donor Group on Nutrition Security – Harmonizes inputs from development partners to ensure coordinated support for national efforts. • The National Nutrition Committee – Coordinates actions on SUN and provides technical guidance to implement the National Nutrition Policy and Strategic Plan. • SUN Task Force Committee – Convenes government, United Nations (UN) agencies, civil society organizations, donors, and the private sector to strengthen multisector coordination.

Table 3 below lists relevant health and development TWGs across HC4L’s focal areas.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 29 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Table 3. GOM-led TWGs and committees Coordination Mechanism Health and Coordinating Entity Comment Development Area Aflatoxin TWG Food safety/ MAPAC Aflatoxins These TWGs are supposed to meet Agriculture Nutrition TWG Nutrition MOAIWD every quarter. However, meetings are Community Health TWG 11 EHP Community Health irregular. Although these are meant to categories Services (CHS) be led by GOM entities, most depend Community Management of Nutrition MOH on availability and funding from IPs. Acute Malnutrition District Nutrition Nutrition DNHA Coordination Committee Education Nutrition Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) FP Sub-committee FP RHD Gender Sub-committee Gender MOGCDSW Health Cluster Committee 11 EHP MOH categories HIS/M&E TWG 11 EHP MOH categories HIV Prevention TWG HIV/AIDS NAC HIV SBCC Sub-committee HIV/AIDS NAC HTS TWG HIV/AIDS DHA Infant and Young Child Child Health and Feeding (IYCF) TWG Nutrition Malaria SBCC Sub- Malaria NMCP committee Micro-nutrition Nutrition MOAIWD National Social Social Malawi Health Equity Accountability Forum (civil Accountability Network (MHEN) society platform on social accountability) Safe Motherhood Sub- Maternal and RHD committee Newborn Health SRH TWG SRH RHD Tuberculosis (TB) TWG TB National TB Control Program (NTP) Treatment, Care, and HIV/AIDS DHA Support TWG WASH Cluster Committee WASH MOAIWD Youth Technical Sub- Youth RHD committee

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 30 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.0 Findings: SBCC Stakeholders Mapping 5.1 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders - MNCH Over the years, the GOM and development partners have continued to invest in MNCH generally, and SBCC. Previous interventions included the Support for Service Delivery Integration – Services (SSDI-S), SSDI- Communication, and the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP). During its mapping exercise, HC4L identified 22 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for MNCH in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 1. These stakeholders include government, USG-funded, and non-USG- funded partners. Their collective work is heavily concentrated at the community-level, applying a cross-section of SBCC activities and using multiple channels, including interpersonal communication (IPC), community mobilization, and advocacy.

Despite higher maternal and newborn mortality across the country, the geographic reach of IPs implementing MNCH SBCC activities is concentrated in a handful of districts that have more than four IPs. These include; Lilongwe, Dowa, Nkhotakota Karonga, Chikwawa, Zomba, Machinga, Balaka, and Chitipa. This means that more than half of the country has a limited concentration of partners implementing critical MNCH SBCC activities (Figure 2).

At the national level, MNCH focal actors Figure 2: Mapping of MNCH SBCC Stakeholders include the RHD under the MOH, which serves as the lead coordinating body for MNCH in the country, and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), the prime organization implementing USAID/Malawi’s flagship health project, ONSE. The ONSE project supports more than 400 health facilities across 16 districts to: (1) increase access to priority health services, (2) improve quality of priority health services, (3) strengthen performance of health systems, and (4) increase demand for priority health services. Under its demand creation result area, ONSE implements a variety of SBCC activities that address MNCH priority behaviors. Through its health systems strengthening activities, ONSE conducts mentoring of health workers and provider behavior change communication interventions (PBCC) to improve skills and efficiencies, towards the provision of critical MNCH services. Specific SBCC activities include: community mobilization via national structures such as CHAGS, HSAs, and other volunteers; IPC that includes Community Action Circles (CACs), Champion Communities, and Community Score Cards (CSC) in addition to activities to generate social accountability through the strengthening of Health Centre Advisory Committees (HCACs).

Additional notable MNCH stakeholders include:

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 31 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • UNICEF: Has supported the MOH to develop Maternal Death Surveillance and Response guidelines, and to revise the Community-based Maternal and Newborn Care (CBMNC) training manual. Geography: Nationwide

• Plan International: Implements a range of SBCC activities at the community level targeting pregnant women and their partners to improve maternal and child health. These activities include IPC, community radio, community dialog, awareness campaigns, and distribution of print materials. Geography: Mangochi, Mulanje, Kasungu, Nkhatabay, Dowa, Lilongwe, and Mzimba

• Project Concern International (PCI): Leads Njira, a five year-USAID project that works to improve the health and nutrition status of pregnant and lactating mothers, and children under five years. The project supports mother and father care groups in delivering interpersonal and community-based interventions. PCI also implements the Every Preemie-SCALE project that provides care for pre-term and LBW babies through community-based platforms, such as mother and father care groups, to improve linkages from community-to-facility. Geography: Balaka and Machinga

• Maikhanda: A Malawian NGO, which implements SBCC activities to further maternal and child health, including: community mobilization implemented through community-based safe motherhood taskforces and women’s groups; formation and support to Community Action Groups (CHAGs); advocacy for male involvement in MNCH; work with community leaders; and training community health surveillance assistants (HSAs). Geography: Nkhotakota, Salima, Kasungu, and Ntchisi

• Mothers2Mothers (m2m): Implements a program to support recently-diagnosed HIV+ pregnant women and new mothers through motivational education, psychosocial support, and expert clients/mentor mothers’ programs. Geography: Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza, Ntcheu, Thyolo, Mulanje, Chiradzulu, and Blantyre

• Catholic Relief Services – United in Building and Advancing Life Expectations (UBALE): A five-year USAID Food for Peace (FFP) project aimed at increasing the food security of vulnerable households; improving the nutrition of children under two years, as well as pregnant and lactating mothers, while strengthening the disaster risk management of communities. The project works with care groups and farmer clubs to mobilize communities for improved nutrition and MNCH outcomes. Geography: Chikwawa, Nsanje, and Blantyre rural

• Village Reach Chipatala cha pa Foni (CCPF): A toll-free health hotline that creates a link between the health center and remote communities. Originally developed as an MNCH innovation, CCPF has evolved to become a general health hotline covering all general health topics including; nutrition and SRH. Geography: Based in Lilongwe but receives calls from across the country.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 32 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.2 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – FP HC4L identified 21 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for FP/RH in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 2. These stakeholders include government, USG-funded, and non-USG-funded partners. In most districts, there are least four stakeholders active, with the most intense implementation taking place in Machinga, Kasungu, and Lilongwe districts, where there are 10 or more stakeholders actively implementing in FP/RH (Figure 3).

At the national level, focal actors in FP/RH include the RHD under the MOH, and ONSE (described above).

Additional notable FP/RH stakeholders include:

• Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM): Provides FP services through mobile SRH facilities (53), and health clinics (4). FPAM also conducts a range of SBCC activities, including advocacy for SRH policies; provision of youth-friendly SRH SBCC materials to young people at youth centers and through schools; peer-educator-led Figure 3: Mapping of FP SBCC Stakeholders group discussions; and theater performances. Geography: Mzuzu, Mzimba South, Kasungu, Dowa, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Dedza, Ncheu, Mangochi, Neno, Karonga, and Salima.

• Population Services International (PSI)/ Malawi: Through the N’zatonse consortium, is implementing a four-year project to support the MOH, private sector service providers, and NGOs to improve knowledge and acceptance of modern FP methods and improve access to SRH services using a rights’-based and gender-sensitive approach. PSI is also conducting SBCC activities to address knowledge gaps and reduce myths and misconceptions towards uptake of MCMs. This is also in support of integrated HIV prevention/FP SBCC activities to increase use of male and female condoms. Geography: Rumphi, Mzimba, Ntchisi, Likoma, Neno, Mwanza, Blantyre, Ntcheu, Thyolo, Machinga, and Dedza

• DREAMS Innovation Challenge (project ending in March 2019): Implemented by FHI 360, the project aims to improve AGYW’s access to FP/SRH services and tackle underlying cultural factors, including discriminatory cultural norms, gender inequality,

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 33 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report and sexual violence that cause AGYW in Malawi to experience disproportionately higher dropout rates at the secondary school level. Program activities include: providing scholastic support and opportunities for mentorship to girls from public secondary schools; raising community awareness about the importance of girls’ education; strengthening youth-friendly health services for adolescent girls so they can stay in school; advancing women’s rights to SRH services; and addressing school-related GBV, gender norms, and cultural practices. Geography: Zomba, Machinga, and Blantyre

• Banja La Mtsogolo (BLM): a member of Marie Stopes International, aims to address maternal mortality and rapid population growth by ensuring that women and young people (focusing on underserved and from hard-to-reach areas) have access to information and service options related to FP and HIV. BLM offers services and FP information through a network of 31 clinics and 39 outreach teams delivering services to more than 500 outreach points across Malawi. Geography: Nationwide

• United Purpose (UP): One of Malawi’s largest NGOs, integrates issues of SRH, FP, and HIV into all their programming. SBCC activities implemented in support of this integrated approach include: social mobilization, advocacy, change agent-led programs, and use of digital channels and sports events to convey health messages. Geography: Dowa, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Blaka, Chikwawa, Mulanje, Dedza, Blantyre, and Thyolo

• Theatre for a Change (TfaC): Works to improve the SRH of vulnerable and marginalized women and girls through SBCC and advocacy. Teacher Training Colleges provides training in SRH and facilitation of IPC for SRH in primary schools. TfaC is the Chair of the National Girls’ Education Network, a membership organization with over 135 partners, united under the vision of a future where all girls in Malawi are empowered through quality education. Geography: Phalombe, Chiradzulu, Blantyre, Machinga, Dedza, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Kasungu, and Karonga

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 34 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.3 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Malaria HC4L identified 17 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for malaria in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 3. Most of these stakeholders are USG-funded, with a smaller number funded by the Government or other non-USG funders. This is reflected in the geographic intensity of programming, whereby there are larger numbers of stakeholders actively implementing in the 10 President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) priority districts (Lilongwe, Balaka, Machinga, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Salima, Mchinji, Ntcheu, Mangochi, and Chikwawa) than in other districts (Figure 4). SBCC activities are focused primarily at the community level, for example community mobilization through CHAGs and community-based educator-led IPC, with fewer stakeholders implementing mass media or SBCC capacity strengthening activities. In addition, SBCC support for malaria largely focuses on LLIN access and use, with other priority malaria behaviors, such as uptake of IPTp and care-seeking for fever, receiving less intensive SBCC support.

At the national level, focal actors in malaria include the NMCP under the MOH, which serves as the lead coordinating body for malaria, and ONSE (previously described). Figure 4: Mapping of Malaria SBCC Stakeholders Additional notable stakeholders working on SBCC for malaria priorities include: • World Vision International (WVI): The lead implementer of the Global Fund grant to distribute LLINs in Malawi. In tandem with distribution of nets, WVI implements SBCC activities focused on increasing registration in advance of mass distribution campaigns, and increasing adoption of net use, care, and repair behaviors. Activities implemented include: community mobilization, mass media, distribution of SBCC materials, and advocacy forums. Geography: Nationwide

• PSI Malawi: Implements an LLIN-focused social marketing program that incorporates an SBCC component focused on increasing year-round, consistent use of LLINs. Geography: Mzimba, Ntchisi, Machinga, Blantyre, Neno, Mwanza, Lilongwe, Rumphi, Dedza, and Ntcheu

• Peace Corps: Partners with PMI to promote evidence-based malaria prevention strategies, including the use of LLINs, and malaria care-seeking and treatment. Peace Corps volunteers conduct community-based SBCC activities, which include LLIN care

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 35 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report and repair demonstrations, net distribution and hang-up campaigns, community mobilization, and IPC. Geography: Nationwide

• The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Malawi: Trains church leaders, community-based educators, and congregational committees in malaria prevention. Through the work of community-based educators and health assistants, the church conducts awareness programs and household visits that address behavioral factors related to malaria vector control strategies (net use, indoor residual spraying [IRS], environmental management), malaria in pregnancy, and malaria care-seeking. Geography: Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Salima, Nkhotakota, Machinga, and Rumphi

• Counterpart International: Provides organizational capacity development and service delivery grants to civil society organizations (CSOs) to improve the delivery of health services, which includes malaria prevention and treatment. Geography: Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mangochi, Zomba, Chikwawa, and Blantyre

• PATH: Partners with the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme in selected districts of Malawi. SBCC activities in support of this program include: community mobilization, advocacy, and mass media to create an environment conducive to vaccine adoption and maintenance of positive health-seeking behaviors. Geography: Karonga and Nkhatabay, Lilongwe, Ntchisi and Mchinji, Phalombe, Nsanje, Chikwawa, Machinga, Mangochi, and Balaka

• VectorLink IRS Activity: Implemented by Abt Associates, the lead implementer of the global PMI-funded VectorLink project. VectorLink will conduct IRS in select districts starting with Nkhotakota. The project conducts community mobilization and IPC activities to increase acceptance of IRS before and during spraying campaigns as well as promote post-IRS practices. Geography: Nkhotakota

• Pakachere: Implements a malaria prevention SBCC program aimed at improving knowledge and awareness on malaria transmission, prevention, and early treatment- seeking behaviors among target audiences. Geography: Nkhotakota

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 36 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.4 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Nutrition Investments in SBCC for nutrition priorities in Malawi have been made primarily through agricultural and food security projects and promoted as components of maternal and children health services. HC4L identified 31 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for nutrition in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 4. These stakeholders include government, USG- funded, and non-USG-funded partners. Their work is heavily concentrated at the community- and household-level, using care groups and in-home counseling and education approaches. The geographic coverage of implementation by these stakeholders is spread evenly across all districts of the country, except for Phalombe, Thyolo, Neno, and Mwanza, which have fewer than four stakeholders each (Figure 5).

At the national-level, important governmental actors working in nutrition include the MOH MOAIWD, DNHA and MOH-Department of Nutrition and the MOEST. These agencies are responsible for ensuring government inputs into programs and services, ensuring partner adherence to national priorities, and supporting coordination functions at the national-level.

Additional notable stakeholders include:

• Tiwalere II: Implemented by Feed the Figure 5: Mapping of Nutrition SBCC Stakeholders Children, Tiwalere is a five-year USAID project that provides nutrition services for pregnant and lactating women, and women with children under two years of age. SBCC approaches include community mobilization and IPC through care groups, teen clubs, and psychotherapy. Geography: Chitipa, Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Salima, Dowa, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Balaka, Machinga, Rumphi, and Mangochi

• ONSE: See earlier description.

• PCI Njira: A five year-USAID project that aims to improve the health and nutrition status of pregnant and lactating mothers and children under five years. The project works with mother and father care groups in delivering interpersonal and community-based interventions. Geography: Balaka and Machinga

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 37 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • World Food Program: Works through its partners to improve national capacity to reduce malnutrition among vulnerable groups by supporting nutrition education and improving food security and resilience of communities living in disaster-prone areas. Geography: Nationwide

• Concern Worldwide: Capacitates member organizations to promote and implement nutrition interventions linked to the National Nutrition Education and Communication Strategy, targeting households and individuals with SBCC interventions. The organization runs two nutrition programs: (1) Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM), and (2) Realigning Agriculture to Improve Nutrition. These two programs use community mobilization, advocacy, and IPC, among others. Geography: Mchinji, Mangochi, Phalombe, and Nsanje

• Plan Malawi: Works in four districts of Kasungu, Mzimba, Mulanje, and Lilongwe to provide emergency relief to communities affected by food shortages. These include distributing food packages to households and super-cereal rations to households most vulnerable to malnutrition, namely those with pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children between 6-23 months old. Geography: Kasungu, Mzimba, Mulanje, and Lilongwe

• CRS-UBALE (listed under MNCH stakeholders above).

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 38 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.5 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – WASH HC4L identfied 13 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for WASH in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 5. These stakeholders include Government, USG- funded, and non-USG-funded partners. The geographic coverage of WASH activities by these stakeholders is high, with at least five partners working in all 28 districts (Figure 6). Districts with the highest concentration of partners (12 or more) in Karonga, Kasungu, Nkhotakota, Machinga, Chikwawa, Mulanje, Lilongwe, and Dowa.

At the national level, focal actors in WASH include the MOAIWD, which is responsible for providing water services in Malawi. Also working at the national level, UNICEF is using their Communication for Development (C4D) approach to build SBCC capacity among partners in a range of health areas, including WASH.

At the district level, MOAIWD initiatives are implemented through the District Water Development Office and their extension agents, the Water Monitoring Assistants. The District Water Development Office is an important local governing authority providing coordination and regulation of all WASH activities. All MOH WASH initiatives Figure 6: Mapping of WASH SBCC Stakeholders (including SBCC activities) are implemented through the District Environmental Health Office and their extension agents, HSAs. There are various task forces on WASH at national and district levels, including the National Open Defecation Free Task Force, the National Hand Washing Campaign Task Force, and the District Coordination Team, all of which fall under the WASH Sector Working Group.

Additional notable WASH stakeholders include: • ONSE: Working at the district, facility, and community levels in 16 districts to strengthen health systems in WASH and three other priority health areas. ONSE uses a range of SBCC activities including community mobilization and CAGs to create demand for improved WASH services. Geography: Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Chipita, Nkhotakota, Salima, Kasungu, Dowa, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Mchinji, Balaka, Machinga, Mangochi, Zomba, Mulanje, and Chikwawa

• Plan International: Uses community dialog and radio campaigns to improve hygiene and sanitation practices, including reduction of open defecation and improvements to menstrual hygiene. Plan also works to increase access to safe water.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 39 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Geography: Kasungu, Mzimba, Mulanje, and Lilongwe

• Water Aid: Provides a range of WASH services and uses a range of SBCC approaches, including participatory hygiene transformation, health education band performances, advocacy, citizen action initiatives, and cinema to lead the implementation of the Facial Cleanliness and Environmental Improvement SBCC Strategy for trachoma control. In Machinga, Water Aid also facilitates awareness raising and mobilization on WASH rights and works to improve a range of WASH behaviors. Geography: Salima, Mzimba, Machinga, Nkhotakota, Kasungu, Dowa, Karonga, Rumphi, Balaka, Chikwawa, and Lilongwe

• WVI: Through their WASH Project, WVI aims to reduce the prevalence of diarrheal and waterborne diseases among children under five by constructing and rehabilitating boreholes and water pipe systems. Through the CLTS approach, World Vision supports communities to reduce or eliminate open defecation. Geography: All district except Nsanje and Chikwawa

• InterAide: Raises awareness on sanitation and hygiene and supports improvements for water treatment, including building and rehabilitating wells, and developing networks that maintain water points. Geography: Phalombe, Zomba, Mulanje, Chiradzulu, Lilongwe, Dedza, Mchinji, Salima, Dowa, Ntchisi, and Kasungu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 40 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.6 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – HIV There has been substantial investment in SBCC for HIV priorities in Malawi, including under HC4L’s pre- cursor project, SSDI-Communication, and several service delivery programs that use SBCC approaches to create demand for HIV testing and associated services. HC4L identified 28 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for HIV in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 6. These stakeholders include government, USG-funded, and non-USG-funded partners. Their work is heavily concentrated at the community-level, using IPC, community mobilization, and advocacy, but also includes mass media programs, especially community radio. The geographic coverage by these stakeholders suggests a higher concentration of stakeholders in the Southern and Central regions, that have 13 or more partners implementing HIV/AIDS SBCC activities. (Five-out-of-six districts in the Northern region have less than 12 implementing stakeholders [Figure 7]).

At the national level, important actors working in HIV include the MOH- HES DHA, DNHA, MOEST, and NAC. These agencies are responsible Figure 7: Mapping of HIV SBCC Stakeholders for ensuring government inputs into programs and services and providing coordination functions at both the national and zonal levels, in collaboration with district-level authorities.

Notable HIV stakeholders include: • m2m: Implements prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in collaboration with the MOH, using one-on-one interactions and mentor mothers to follow-up with women who have missed antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic appointments. Geography: Lilongwe, Mchinji, Dedza, Ntcheu, Blantyre, Mulanje, Thyolo, and Chiradzulu

• One Community: Implemented by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, the project works in seven districts and uses a case management approach that includes IPC and community mobilization to reach vulnerable populations, especially

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 41 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report children, AGYW, vendors, fisherfolk, and farm workers. It further links vulnerable populations to HIV prevention, testing, care, and support services. Geography: Chikwawa, Mulanje, Machinga, Mangochi, Zomba, Phalombe, and Blantyre

• Right to Care: Works through a consortium of three partners providing facility-based care and mobilization for HIV prevention and treatment using IPC, counseling, and community mobilization for VMMC and ART clients. Geography: Partners in Hope (PIH): Chitipa, Karonga, Nkhotakota, Lilongwe rural, Chikwawa, Kasungu, Nsanje, and Dowa Dignitas: Phalombe, Zomba, Machinga, and Mulanje Baylor: Salima, Mangochi, Balaka, and Lilongwe rural

• Jhpiego: Implements four HIV prevention projects focusing on the provision of VMMC. These include: (1) Gateway, (2) Department of Defense (DOD), (3) AIDS Free, and (4) the Improving Quality (IQ) Project. Geography: Gateway Project: Blantyre, Thyolo, Chiradzulu, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, and Mzimba DOD Project: Lilongwe, Dowa, Kasungu, Zomba, Salima, Mzimba and Karonga AIDS Free: Chikwawa, Thyolo and Zomba IQ Project: Lilongwe

• Lighthouse: A registered public trust that works with the MOH to operate two large, integrated HIV testing, treatment, and care clinics. Some of their SBCC activities include production and dissemination of SBCC materials, radio, and TV programs. They also conduct IPC activities through support groups, expert clients, and health promoters. Geography: Lilongwe, Ntchisi, Mzimba, Nkhata Bay, Blantyre, Rumphi, and Likoma

• Malawi Network of AIDS Support Organizations (MANASO): A network of over 900 AIDS service organizations in Malawi that coordinates sectoral, policy, and program activities for member CSOs. Major activities include: advocacy and communication through mass media, IPC, and community mobilization. Geography: Nationwide through member CSOs.

• Pakachere: Has implemented several HIV SBCC interventions using mass media, print, and community mobilization to reach key populations. It manages “drop-in centers” that offer HIV services. Geography: Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Machinga, Chikwawa, Mulanje, Dedza, Nsanje, Thyolo, and Chiradzulu.

• Linkages (2016-2021), a five-year, global USAID project that works with key populations (KP), including; men having sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and Transgender (TG) persons. Geography: Lilongwe, Blantyre, Mzimba, Zomba, Mangochi, and Machinga.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 42 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.7 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Food Safety and Aflatoxin Control HC4L identified 13 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for Food Safety and Aflatoxin Control in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 7. These stakeholders include Government, USG-funded, and non- USG-funded partners. The variation in numbers of stakeholders per district is subtle, with all districts having between 11 and 16 active stakeholders. The stakeholders are slightly more concentrated in the Central zone, where groundnuts are more commonly grown (Figure 8).

The GOM has established the MAPAC to strengthen collaboration, leverage resources, and facilitate a coordinated national response in the management and control of aflatoxins. MAPAC developed a National Aflatoxin Communication and Awareness Strategy aimed at creating greater awareness and understanding of aflatoxins in the wider context of food safety. The goal of this strategy is to improve farmer and processor knowledge, attitudes, and practices on aflatoxins to 80% by 2020.

Notable food safety/aflatoxin control stakeholders include: Figure 8: Mapping of food safety and Aflatoxin control SBCC • The Feed the Future Agriculture stakeholders Diversification Activity (AgDiv): Implemented by Palladium, AgDiv is the major USAID partner on food safety and aflatoxin management and control. The activity addresses issues of low income, dietary diversification, and effects of climate change by improving access to better markets, agriculture productivity, and resilience to climate change. The project also works to boast nutritional outcomes in the target districts as malnutrition and stunting are common and empower women. Key SBCC activities include: community mobilization, IPC, mass media (newspapers, radio and TV). Geography: Mchinji, Lilongwe rural, Dedza, Ntcheu, Machinga, Mangochi, Balaka, and Blantyre rural

• NASFAM: Has a membership of around 108,000 small farmers organized in clubs and associations. It works in collaboration with various stakeholders to promote interventions aimed at managing the aflatoxin problem especially in the groundnut value chain. Among other activities, NASFAM has been using a radio program known as Farming as a Business to broadcast issues related to aflatoxins (dangers and control mechanisms). Geography: Nationwide

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 43 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • Farm Radio Trust (FRT): Produces radio programs and engages farmers at the grassroots level to record and broadcast testimonies. It also works with AgDiv to promote the use of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) Bags and produces one-minute and 30- minute radio programs and promotional materials. Geography: Karonga, Nkhata Bay, Kasungu, Nkhotakota, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Mchinji, Balaka, Machinga, Chikwawa, Mzimba, Nsanje, Blantyre, and Ntchisi.

• Innovative Communication Media and Methods (ICMM) project: Implemented by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and funded by the McKnight Foundation, ICCM aims to spread awareness of the link between aflatoxin contamination and health. Under the project, radio listeners’ clubs meet regularly to listen to radio programs on agriculture, health, and nutrition that are aired on M’mudzi Wathu, a local community radio station. ICRISAT is also building the capacity of farmers' organizations in aflatoxin quality control by training farmers’ groups and associations on appropriate handling, drying, and storage of grain, as well as setting up proper quality control systems using low-cost aflatoxin screening kits. Geography: Nationwide

• Consumer Association of Malawi (CAMA): Implements SBCC focused on the dangers of consuming aflatoxin contaminated foods, as well as other poor-quality food products. CAMA’s activities use mass media (radio, TV, and print) as well as community dialog to engage target audiences in discussions around issues related to aflatoxin management. Geography: Nationwide

• Farmers Union of Malawi (FUM): An umbrella body of farmers and farmer organizations, FUM has the mandate of advancing and safeguarding the interest of farmers and strengthening their capacity to deliver adequate services. Key activities include strengthening the capacity of farmers through promotion of good agricultural practices at pre and post-harvest handing, storage, processing, and selling/buying that are necessary for aflatoxin management, and control. FUM also engages the GOM to advocate for favorable policies. In support of SBCC, FUM produces prints and disseminates materials. It also produces and broadcasts radio programs targeting farmers. Geography: Nationwide

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 44 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 5.8. Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Misuse of Government Resources HC4L identified 15 stakeholders implementing activities to address misuse of government resources in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 8. These stakeholders include government, USG- funded, and non-USG-funded partners. While this is the HC4L health and development area with the fewest partners, they collectively cover all 28 districts (Figure 9). Neno and Nsanje have the fewest with only one partner each, while Zomba and Balaka have more than other districts with six partners each.

Notable stakeholders include: • UNICEF: Uses C4D, including a learning lab and social mobilization committees, to build SBCC capacity among partners in a range of areas, including governance and accountability.

• The Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB): A parastatal body with a legal mandate to prosecute corruption and misuse of government resources. In line with the Corrupt Practices Act 1995, ACB has a Public Education Section that’s mandated to disseminate information on the dangers and evils of corruption and enlist public support in the fight against corruption. ACB has an anti- Figure 9: Mapping of social accountability stakeholders corruption communication strategy (2007) that it uses to guide public education activities which include; anti-corruption rallies, anti-corruption workshops, radio programs, and print materials in the newspapers. Geography: Nationwide

• The National Initiative for Civic Education: Working nationally to raise awareness and mobilize civic engagement through meetings, rallies, trainings/workshops, and community forums to increase social accountability. Geography: Nationwide

• At the local government level, the MOLGRD: Mandated to promote and develop local governance and participatory democracy by creating an environment conducive for socioeconomic development and the socio-stability of the districts. Other government mechanisms that foster accountability include the NOA, which provides internal audit functions for all government departments; and the parliamentary PAC, which provides budget oversight of government resources.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 45 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Geography: Nationwide

• Development Alternatives International (DAI) through the Local Government Accountability Program (LGAP): Aims to improve government performance and transparency, increase citizen engagement, and strengthen the enabling environment for decentralization in Malawi. LGAP takes an integrated systems approach that includes providing local government employees with the tools and skills to improve the quality of service, as well as incentivizing collaboration among local government institutions. Initiatives are district led, reinforcing ownership and accountability by local stakeholders and improving their capacity to sustain progress. Activities include; improving the government accountability systems by strengthening existing mechanisms, such as CSCs and service management committees, while introducing new accountability tools including public service charters and social audits. Geography: Blantyre, Balaka, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mulanje, Mzimba, and Zomba

• Malawi Health Equity Network (MHEN): An alliance of organizations that advocate for health policies and systems that promote equitable and high-quality health care services. MHEN has a membership of over 50 organizations and coordinates the civil society platform on social accountability, which meets on a quarterly basis to share experiences and coordinate implementation of social accountability programs in the country. Geography: Nationwide

• Deloitte: An audit firm in Malawi, promotes transparency and accountability in both private and public sectors. Deloitte works with the ACB to manage the anonymous tollfree hotline (847) where citizens can report cases of misuse of government resources. It has several service lines, including Tip-offs Anonymous, where people can call and provide information on misuse of government resources. When the tip leads to proper evidence, the person who gives the tip is rewarded. Geography: Nationwide

• PACHI: Continues to support district Bwalo forums to empower communities to identify their problems and act upon them using a participatory process. Bwalo forums identify issues affecting their community (for example, lack of access to health services, theft of drugs, and/or absenteeism) and engage duty bearers to identify relevant action. Geography: Kasungu, Ntchisi, Mchinji, Ntcheu, Balaka, Mangochi, and Zomba

• ONSE: Works with CHAGs and Champion Communities and implements CSCs to improve accountability within the health sector. They also support revitalization of HCACs to bridge between service providers (health center) and service users (community) Geography: Karonga, Nkhatabay, Chipita, Nkhotakota, Salima, Kasungu, Dowa, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Mchinji, Balaka, Machinga, Mangochi, Zomba, Mulanje, and Chikwawa

• CARE: Uses CSCs to empower communities to identify problems and to act to solve them, including issues related to misuse of government resources. Geography: Kasungu, Dowa, Ntcheu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 46 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report

5.9. Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Gender HC4L identified 11 stakeholders actively implementing standalone SBCC activities for gender in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 9 (Note: This does not capture the far larger number of organizations who address gender as a cross-cutting component within their programming). These stakeholders include government, USG-funded, and non-USG-funded partners. Implementation activity unevenly favors the Southern zone, and Machinga District in particular (Figure 10).

At the national level, there are several Government Ministries with a role in gender programming: MOGCDSW, MOYDS, and the Preventative Health Directorate under the MOH. There is no one focal stakeholder for gender SBCC activities in the country, which is likely attributable to the fact that gender is typically implemented as a cross-cutting issue for programs across many sectors.

Notable stakeholders implementing standalone gender SBCC activities include:

• EngenderHealth: Works to improve coordination of GBV programming at the national level through strengthening of referral systems. Figure 10: Mapping of Gender SBCC Stakeholders They also implement community meetings with traditional leaders to address issues of gender norms at the community level. Geography: Mzimba, Kasungu, Blantyre, and Chiradzulu

• Youth Net and Counseling (YONECO): Promotes gender equality through youth clubs, voluntary savings and loans groups, and male champion programs. Geography: Nationwide

• Pan African Civic Education Network: Works to influence the enforcement of legislation and policies which impact women’s civic participation, and to strengthen the capacity of women to effectively participate in development activities. They also provide capacity strengthening support to local governments to foster improved use of public resources, in tandem with community mobilization to demand transparency and accountability in the use of public resources.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 47 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Geography: Machinga

• Chinasi Foundation: Promotes gender and human rights with the objective of increasing equitable participation in development activities for women and youth. In support of this objective they implement various SBCC activities, including peer educator programs, community drama groups, and peer support groups. Geography: Machinga

5.10 Mapping of SBCC Stakeholders – Youth Services Investments in SBCC for youth services in Malawi have been made primarily through government-supported initiatives and integrated into service delivery programs that include young people as a priority audience. HC4L identified 20 stakeholders actively implementing SBCC activities for youth in Malawi, as detailed in Appendix 10. These stakeholders include government, USG-funded, and non-USG- funded partners. Their work is concentrated at the community- and individual-level, using youth clubs, peer outreach, and community radio to reach young people. The geographic coverage of implementation by these stakeholders is greatest in the Southern and Central regions, with more limited coverage in the Northern region (Figure 11).

At the national-level, the MOLSYMD provides policy direction and guidance on all matters pertaining to the empowerment of Malawian youth. The MOLSYMD also plans, implements, monitors, and evaluates youth programs. The National Youth Council of Malawi (a statutory corporation) was established to coordinate programs and ensure the effective implementation and evaluation of various youth development programs. Figure 11: Mapping of Youth SBCC Stakeholders

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 48 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Notable youth service stakeholders include:

• GOAL Malawi: Implements a youth program that engages youth groups around climate change and promotes the adoption of climate change adaption behaviors and SRH behaviors, especially FP. Geography: Balaka, Mangochi, and Machinga

• PSI: Uses mass media and IPC communication activities to promote a portfolio of products and services, including HIV self-testing, VMMC, male and female condoms, and FP to young people and other priority audiences. Geography: Phalombe, Mulanje, Blantyre, Chiradzulu, Mangochi, Machinga, Chikwawa, Mzimba, Ntchisi, Thyolo, Neno, Mwanza, Lilongwe, Rumphi, Dedza, and Ntcheu

• YONECO: Supports a national network of youth associations to engage youth clubs, voluntary savings groups, and male champions in IPC and community activities to promote gender equality. Geography: Nationwide

• FPAM: Uses peer outreach models to engage young people through group discussions, theatre performances, publications, and audio-visual materials to encourage good SRH practices and link them to youth-friendly SRH services. Geography: Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Dedza, Kasungu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 49 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 6.0. Findings: Overlaps, Gaps, and Opportunities for Collaboration An objective of this stakeholder mapping report is to identify overlaps, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration in the design and implementation of SBCC activities in Malawi. These are further discussed below: 6.1. Overlaps Multiple IPs in the same geographic locations: Findings from this report show that each of the 28 districts have at least two or more stakeholders implementing SBCC activities across the eight HC4L health and development areas. Lilongwe, Machinga, and Karonga had the highest concentration of partners implementing SBCC activities in all the eight HC4L health and development areas.

Poor coordination of partners in the implementation of the National Health Communication Strategy (NHCS) (2015-2020): Coordination of SBCC for the above areas is fragmented across several GOM MDAs and partners. For example, many of the health and development areas, as well as national-level stakeholders, have their own communication or SBCC strategies, in addition to the National Health Communication Strategy (NHCS) 2015-2020. This limits the effectiveness of SBCC interventions and their contribution to key results in the HSSP unless these strategies are well-aligned with the NHCS.

Overlaps among coordination bodies: The findings show large overlaps within GOM coordinating entities. For example, there are over 30 TWGs for the above eight health and development areas. Yet, stakeholders are expected to participate in all of them. Under HIV/AIDS alone, partners must coordinate with NAC, DHA, and the DNHA while under nutrition, partners must attend over eight TWGs/task force meetings under three different GOM MDAs: (1) MoAIWD, (2) DNHA, and the (3) MOH-Department of Nutrition. This complicates coordination of IPs. As integrated SBCC projects become more common, this will become an increasingly significant challenge. Coordinating across these varying structures needs to be streamlined to harmonize SBCC.

6.2. Gaps Capacity gaps in GOM coordinating entities: Due to gaps in technical, personnel, and funding, some MOH entities such as MOH-HES and the RHD are reactive to on-going partner-led coordination initiatives, instead of leading the way. This further diminishes the GOM’s ability to lead, coordinate, and harmonize SBCC efforts by stakeholders. Due to these coordination gaps, some partners have set up parallel coordination structures, such as the WES Network (that was established in response to coordination challenges between and within the GOM, development partners, and CSOs in the water and sanitation sector). This undermines the role of the GOM as a coordinating body.

Gaps in the HP-TWG: The HP-TWG coordinates SBCC interventions under the HSSP II (2017-2022). It is supposed to meet quarterly and has in the past been supported financially and technically by USAID-funded projects. Participation, however, within the quarterly meeting schedule has been lacking, due to what was described as “other competing commitments” by some participants. Participation in meetings was described as poor and some key SBCC implementers reported they had never been invited to a meeting. According to five central level MOH-HES staff who participated in the interview, the functionality of the HP-TWG is limited due to gaps in technical capacity, staffing, and finances. This has left the initiative of convening the HP-TWG meetings to partners who may be viewed as advancing donor agendas. The MOH-HES staff noted that annual budgets include TWG

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 50 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report meetings, but that funding is often not released for this. MOH-HES staff also noted that whereas membership of the TWG is over 40 local and international partners, about half of them do not attend the meetings. Even the few partners who participate, are inconsistent, and only come when they “want” something from MOH-HES and the TWG. As a result, the MOH-HES noted that some stakeholders develop their own SBCC materials without consulting them. These actions continue to alienate MOH-HES and fail to support its role as the national SBCC lead and coordinator in country.

Lack of information on available SBCC implementing partners: The MOH-HES staff at national and district levels were not well informed of some of the key partners implementing SBCC at national, zonal, or district levels. During interviews, Senior Health Promotion Officers at the national level and DHPOs at the district level were only able to name roughly half of the implementers described within this report. The resulting impact is the inability of the MOH-HES to harmonize and coordinate key SBCC implementers for effective implementation of interventions under the HSSP II (2017-2022) and the NHCS (2015-2020).

Limited focus of the MOH-HES: The MOH-HES is recognized as the focal body for health promotion and SBCC within the MOH. It ensures implementation of activities under the NHCS (2015-2020) and creates synergies between SBCC activities funded by different stakeholders. However, in most cases, the MOH-HES, which is already small and under- staffed (only 33 of its 100 positions are filled) is spread too thin. It engages in direct implementation of activities and development of materials. Given these challenges, it is important for the Section to prioritize fulfilling its leadership and coordination role, rather than over-extending into a broader implementation role.

Limited appreciation and application SBCC approaches: During interviews, partners were asked to describe SBCC approaches and activities they used within their programs. Across interviewees, it was apparent that many partners, especially those at the zonal and district levels, utilized a limited range of SBCC channels and approaches, mainly radio, print materials and community mobilization that largely tell the audiences “what to do,” for example; “use a condom correctly and consistently” or “go for antenatal care at least four times during pregnancy.” While these forms of messages can be useful in increasing knowledge and awareness of a health issue or availability of health services/products, effective SBCC requires a mix of channels, approaches, and tactics that go beyond awareness to increase motivation, strengthen skills and self-efficacy, address social and gender norms, and create a supportive environment for the adoption of healthy behaviors.

Potential misalignment of stakeholders and disease burden: While there are 115 SBCC stakeholders working across the eight health and development areas, the geographic concentration of stakeholders appears to be misaligned to the burden of disease in some instances. For example, given the poor performance on MNCH indicators, there are relatively few SBCC stakeholders working in MNCH in the country, with nine districts having only one stakeholder, and activities concentrated in the central and south-western zones. This highlights the need for coordinating mechanisms and donors to assess stakeholder distribution relative to the burden of disease to ensure appropriate targeting and maximization of resources.

Fragmentation of community level SBCC interventions due to the weak coordination capacity at the zonal and district level: Individual stakeholders have set up parallel community structures, such as peer groups, radio listeners clubs, drama clubs, and using

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 51 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report community-based volunteers under different names and categories. As a result, interviewees noted that communities and leaders are sometimes left with too many structures to manage and these ultimately become inefficient. Although the MOH recently developed a National Community Health Strategy (2017-2022) to streamline MOH leadership in all community- based interventions, its implementation is still in the early stages.

Use of data for decision making: Consistent use of data for decision-making is a prerequisite for an effective and sustainable SBCC activity. Interviews with MOH-HES and the Central Monitoring and Evaluation Division (CMED) revealed a lack of national SBCC indicators or platform to collect and analyze SBCC data to inform programming. Some MOH programs and departments had been tracking their respective SBCC indicators vertically; while some did not have any. Conversations with the CMED established that SBCC indicators were previously tracked by the programs and were not included in the District Health Information Software version2, the MOH data reporting system (neither were they in the national indicators handbook).

6.3. Opportunities for Collaboration The above overlaps and gaps present tremendous opportunities for coordination and collaboration among different SBCC partners and stakeholders at national, zonal, and district levels, which are further explored in the Conclusions and Recommendations section.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 52 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 Conclusions This stakeholder mapping identified 115 stakeholders in Malawi implementing SBCC projects or activities across the eight HC4L focal health and development areas. While at minimum, some level of SBCC activity, is occurring for all eight health and development areas in every district, the number of stakeholders, breadth of activities, and quality of SBCC varies by geography and topical area. This mapping revealed limitations on the part of some stakeholders to adequately apply core SBCC principles, theories, and processes towards the development of SBCC strategies and activities. Stakeholders often use one-directional IEC or a limited number of channels for SBCC, which underscores a lack of understanding of the complex combination of strategies required to achieve impactful social and behavior change. Additionally, the analysis indicated that there may exist a misalignment in the investment of resources in some health and development areas. In some districts, the number of stakeholders does not mirror the burden of disease – either with too few or too many stakeholders in relation to this burden.

The report therefore gives recommendations on what MOH-HES, HC4L, stakeholders and development partners such as USAID can respectively do to strengthen harmonization and collaboration in the development and implementation of SBCC activities and to contribute to the overall quality of SBCC in Malawi. 7.2 Recommendations

Build Upon What Exists and What Works Recommendation 1: Advance the GOM’s NHCS (2015-2020) and integrated SBCC approach. Currently, there are several separate strategies for specific health areas—e.g. for malaria, there is the Malaria Communication Strategy (2015-2020)—as well as the integrated National Communication Strategy (2015-2020). These strategies share commonality of approach, yet each require intensive financial and human resource investment. Deliberate efforts on the part of donors and IPs to consolidate strategies and support the MOH-HES to nudge stakeholders towards SBCC programming that most appropriately aligns with service delivery is recommended. HC4L through its annual USAID Moyo ndi Mpamba (MnM) campaign and implementation plan will seek to balance integration (e.g. reaching people at times in their lives where multiple health behaviors are required) with the need for vertical programming (based on audience segment—e.g. people living with HIV, KPs, government officials—timing of SBCC need—e.g. during rainy season or at key agricultural times—among other factors). Further, it will support the MOH-HES and broader GOM MDAs as the National Communication Strategy (2015-2020) is revised in 2020. Further, it will support the MOH- HES and broader GOM MDAs as the NHCS (2015-2020) is revised in 2020. Recommendation #2: Maintain the National MnM Campaign but refresh the brand and unite disparate stakeholders to align their programming with it. Data from HC4L’s Interactive Voice Response Feedback Surveys and the SSDI-Communication Project End Line Report in 2016 consistently indicate high recall rates for the MnM national campaign brand. This high rate of brand identification among audiences should be continually leveraged and employed more broadly by other IPs engaging in SBCC. This will also further greater government ownership and oversight and negate the need for competing logos. Further, ensuring one strong national brand will increase trust among audiences across supported focus areas.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 53 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report While preserving the MnM brand is recommended, a slight refresh would help modernize it, enable it better motivate audiences towards action, and unite a range of stakeholders not yet partnering with the government to join their campaign. HC4L will work in close partnership with ONSE, One Community, and other IPs working across the project’s health and development focus areas to explore this possibility. Partnership with ONSE, USAID/Malawi’s flagship health project, on this would enable a stronger link between community and facility SBCC efforts. Similarly, PSI/Malawi, FPAM, and Pakachere IHDC are also important partners for HC4L for brand alignment, which could thereby create stronger linkages between demand generation efforts and services and products. Strengthen Technical and Institutional Capacity Recommendation #3: Enhance SBCC capacity for MOH-HES. MOH-HES’ staff technical capacity remains a challenge. Capacity issues stem from: (1) inadequate supply of qualified and experienced in-country SBCC experts, (2) capacity and availability of local training and continuing education opportunities, and (3) inadequate structures and systems. Capacity issues are further exacerbated by the low status of health promotion within the country, and the perceived marginalization of the HES. Staff shortages and the practice of not filling positions on the organogram due to under-resourcing (discussed further below) further contribute to these perceptions and challenges. IPs have a mandate to work with the MOH-HES and in doing so, with support from select IPs, such as HC4L, may contribute to the overall capacity and experience-building of the section. The MOH-HES, with its limited staff and resources, needs to better define a vision for itself, redefining it not as an IP, but as an oversight body to strengthen coordination, harmonization, and quality among the large number of IPs currently implementing under is purview. HC4L, as outlined in its Annual Capacity Strengthening Plan, is accelerating its capacity strengthening efforts to not only strengthen existing HES staff’s (e.g. HPOs) capacity, but to also support institutional changes necessary to improve HES’ functions and processes. Broader policy-level dialog and engagement around the role and potential of HES would facilitate a revitalization of the Section and further technical professionalization. HC4L partner, the University of Witwatersrand is also supporting in-service training programs for MOH health professionals to establish a career track within the MOH for SBCC. This will help foster and strengthen local capacity for SBCC. Assess and Strengthen GOM TWGs Recommendation 4: Assess the GOM TWGs and strengthen coordination. As illustrated in this report and its appendices, there are approximately 30 TWGs at national, zonal, and district level—all of which have specific scopes of work and SBCC needs. This heavy emphasis on coordination, while well-intentioned, may at times have the opposite effect and create inconsistent guidance and/or confusion. The GOM should assess its supported TWGs while looking at measures of effectiveness, efficiency, duplication, and mandate. For example, the EHC TWG has a very similar mandate with other TWGs (e.g. the Health Promotion and Community Health TWGs). Towards making TWGs more effective and strengthening in-country coordination, the GOM may seek to review and potentially consolidate the number of coordination mechanisms it supports.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 54 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report HC4L will continue to support and align with existing coordination mechanisms and other bodies at district, zonal, and national levels to advance its work. In consideration of the high number of TWGs (each with technical priorities that overlap with the eight HC4L health and development areas), HC4L and MOH-HES will prioritize the following TWGs in the development and review of SBCC materials: (1) Safe Motherhood TWG, (2) FP/RH sub- committee, (3) IYCF TWG, (4) Scaling-UP Nutrition Sub-Committee, (5) Aflatoxin TWG, (6) Malaria SBCC Working Group, (7) WASH Cluster TWG, (8) HIV-SBCC TWG, and (9) the National Civil Society Platform on Social Accountability. HC4L will assist partners to provide technical and financial support to the MOH-HES to revitalize the HP-TWG at national and district levels, including a review of its terms of reference, membership, tools and materials to strengthen coordination. A key function of the HP-TWG will include a QA/QI sub-committee that reviews and approves SBCC materials. Use Data to Inform Programming and Institutionalize Action and Results Recommendation 5: Align provision of SBCC resources with need. This mapping established the range, type, and geographic location of many stakeholders operating in Malawi and engaging in some type of SBCC-related activities. It was able to identify areas (geographies, health areas and sectors) where stakeholders operate. Numbers of stakeholders in some areas are large, suggesting potential duplication or redundancy—but this is not a simple analysis. In many instances, stakeholders may operate only in one or a few traditional authorities within a region; they may categorize their strategies or activities as SBCC but may not be using hallmarks of best SBCC practice, or they may employ limited and/or uncoordinated approaches.

The GOM, donors, and IPs should use the findings of this stakeholder mapping to further align resources and investment in areas with greatest need—as defined by disease burden, equity, SBCC coverage, among others. Further, HC4L will seek to use data to identify hotspots (e.g., GIS mapping for cholera programming), increase reach through collaboration with existing and newly-identified partners within its focus regions, and assist the MOH-HES to more effectively engage this newly-identified cohort of SBCC partners within Malawi.

Recommendation 6: Strengthen the focus on evidence to tackle critical systemic SBCC challenges. Current monitoring of SBCC activities and partner activities is poor. This challenge offers an important opportunity. Strengthening M&E systems and use of SBCC- related data can be an opportunity to: (1) further validate the impact of investment in SBCC towards contributing to health outcomes, (2) engage actors with the GOM system that currently operate outside it, and (3) elevate the status and the role of the MOH-HES.

HC4L will work with Central Monitoring and Evaluation to support the addition of SBCC- related indicators within the HMIS and, upon successful inclusion, implementation, analysis, and use of this data.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 55 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.0 Appendices

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 56 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report

8.1. Appendix 1: MNCH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOH-HES The MOH-HES coordinates all health promotion and communication across 11 Nationwide • HC4L Varies by message Austin Makwakwa (MOH- priority essential health package – MNCH, malaria, community health, nutrition, • ONSE HES) IMCI, vaccine preventable diseases, HIV and AIDS, TB, NCDs, neglected • Tiwalere II 0999274228 tropical diseases, and oral health. This is done through health awareness [email protected] campaign, message and material development, road shows, thematic health promotion groups, community based integrated health promotion support groups and promote activities which foster health behaviors. MOH-RHD The MOH-RHD coordinates all MNCH projects in Malawi Nationwide • Line • Men Fanny Kachale (Ministry of Ministries • Women Health Director) • CSOs • Children Cell: +265888586485/ • Youth +265999231380 [email protected] Management of Science for The ONSE Project aims to make strides in reducing maternal, new-born, and Lilongwe • MOH • YFHS/MNCH, FP - Helen Dzoole Mwale Health- ONSE child morbidity and mortality in Malawi. The project expand access to high- Karonga • HC4L Women of child [email protected] quality services in the four priority areas of MNCH, family planning, malaria, and Chitipa • FHI 360 bearing age 0999370738 WASH, as well as facility-level nutrition. The goal of the project is to strengthen Dowa • Tiwalere II (WCBA) critical health systems, which will be accomplished by establishing a network Kasungu • CBMC – Children approach, co-designing solutions to strengthen the continuum of care for the Nkhotakota under 5 priority health areas with the MOH, districts, partners from other sectors, Salima • WASH- All age community organizations, and other USAID partners. SBCC activities include Machinga group community action cycle, community score card, and champion communities Zomba • ICCM- Children Mulanje under 5 Balaka • Community Chikwawa Mobilization Systems Strengthening- Women and Men Plan Malawi International Plan Malawi International implements a range of SBCC activities at the Mangochi • MOH • Pregnant and Ms. Esnart Gunde. community level targeting pregnant women and their partners to improve Mulanje lactating women O995578382 maternal and child health. These activities include IPC, community radio, Kasungu • Male partners [email protected] community dialogs, awareness campaigns, and distribution of print materials. Nkhata Bay Dowa Lilongwe

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 57 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

Mzimba

Mothers2Mothers (M2M) M2M implements programs that provide support to recently-diagnosed HIV+ Mchinji • MOH • Mothers Chileshe Chilangwa pregnant women and new mothers through motivational education, Lilongwe • CSOs • Fathers (Country Director), psychosocial support, and expert clients/mentor mothers’ programs Dedza 01774124, Thyolo [email protected] Mulanje rg, P/Bag B315, Lilongwe. Chiradzulu Blantyre Project Concern International PCI is implementing Njira, a five year-USAID project that aims at improving Balaka and Machinga • MOH • Fathers Irene Kamanga (PCI) health and nutrition status of pregnant and lactating mothers and children under • CSOs • Mothers [email protected] five years. The project works with mother and father care groups in delivering 0992011814 Every Preemie SCALE interpersonal and community-based interventions. PCI also implements Every project and Njira Project Preemie-SCALE project that provides care for pre-term and low birth weight babies through community-based platforms such as mother and father care groups to improve linkages from community to facility.

Save the Children SNL works to improve newborn health and bring high-impact interventions to National with focus • MOH- • Pregnant and Contact person: Gomezgani International (SCI) – Saving scale. The program works through partnerships with government and on Thyolo and RHD lactating women Jenda Director for Health Newborn Lives (SNL) stakeholders to achieve and document the scale-up of newborn health Machinga • Mai • Male partners Tel: + 265 1 762 667 interventions. SNL currently maintains the Healthy Newborn Network and Khanda gomezgani.jenda@savethec strives to establish the site as the “go-to” resource for newborn health • Mercantile hildren.org information, data and resources. • ADECOT Ngerengere House, Off , S Mchinji Road P.O Box 30374, Lilongwe, Malawi UNICEF UNICEF has supported the MOH to develop Maternal Death Surveillance and Nationwide • MOH • Men Chancy Mauluka Response Guidelines and to revise the Community-based Maternal and • Women Cell: 0999651385 Newborn Care (CBMNC) training manual • Children [email protected] • Youth Maikhanda Maikhanda, which means mother-baby (or newborn), is a Malawian NGO which Nkhotakota • MOH • Pregnant and Moses Edward implements SBCC activities to further maternal and child health, including: lactating mothers [email protected] community mobilization implemented through community-based safe • Parents of children motherhood taskforces and women’s groups; formation and support to CHAGs; under five advocacy for male involvement in MNCH; work with community leaders; and training community HSAs

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 58 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

National Initiative for Civic NICE implements a variety of SBCC activities for MNCH, including awareness Nationwide • MOH • Men Edwin Msewa, Education (NICE) raising, civic education, community mobilization through meetings, rallies, • Women Tel: +265996292333, interface, trainings, workshops, open days, and community forums. • Children [email protected] • Youth P.O Box 1046, Lilongwe, • Health care Area14 off Presidential Drive workers Plot 187.

Participatory Development PSI’s maternal and neonatal health project focuses on using IPC (e.g. trainings, Nkhotakota • MOH • WCBA Charity Phiri Initiative (PDI) picture cards, drama groups), band, poems, and awareness campaigns • Health care Project Manager workers Tel: 0995427633/0881979225 [email protected] m P.O. Box 4, Nkhotakota Research for Equity and REACH works in HIV, malaria, and MNCH with the aim to make health services Dowa • MOH- • Health facilities Phonex John Community Health (REACH) applicable to poor Malawi through strengthening of health system, promotion of Chisu, • Men Field Supervisor Trust health communication and data management. REACH implements a variety of • UNICEF • Women Tel: 0881347579 SBCC activities, including IPC (e.g. trainings, meetings) • Trocare • Children Email: • Youth [email protected] P. O. Box 1597, Lilongwe Evangelical Lutheran Evangelical Lutheran Development Services works on maternal issues through Chikwawa and • MOH • Communities Sautso Wande/Wezzie Development Services CLTS/SLTS, meetings, participatory community and social mobilization, Salima • WCBA Ngoma: advocacy, and participatory and social mobilization Foods and dry spell Tell: victims 0881697898/0881754926 • Food insecure [email protected] households /[email protected] P.O. Box 177, Ngabu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 59 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

AMREF International AMREF International works on the Trachoma Elimination Project to address Mzimba • MOH • Communities Darkson Machado/Bester maternal, newborn, and child morbidity caused by trachoma through community Ntchisi • Schools Gondwe: meetings and trainings. Lilongwe • Health care workers Tel: Mangochi • Community leaders 0881620182/0991545323/0 Blantyre 881594442 Mangochi Darkson.Matchado@amref. Neno org Mwanza Machinga Mulanje Zomba Nkhotakota Nsanje.

Story Workshop Education SWET works on MNCH through radio program, community mobilization, Dedza • MOH • Parents of children Kent Mphepo Trust (SWET) Theatre for Development, and cultural festivals. SWET also use Care groups, Lilongwe under 5 Tel: +265888435629 mother groups, community-based drama groups, ADCs, and VDCs to address Ntcheu • Traditional and [email protected] MNCH issues Mchinji Religious leaders Blessings Nkhata Mulanje • Health care workers Tel: +265888345850 Rumphi [email protected] k Fax: 01 820 263 Adventist Health Services Adventist Health Services work on maternal and newborn health through Karonga • MOH • Men Isaac Kwacha Phiri capacity building, health systems strengthening (e.g. training of providers, • Women +265881294422 support to outreach clinics, and reviews) • Children [email protected] • Health care workers FOCUS FOCUS works on maternal and newborn health, FP/SRH, and HIV by providing Karonga • MOH • Men Chimwemwe Mwafongo access to service and quality supplies. FOCUS uses community mobilization, • Women Cell: +265888653267 IPC, and radio • Youth • Health care workers Foundation for Community FOCCAD works on MNCH through community campaigns and radio programs Nkhotakota • MOH • Pregnant and Mabvuto Jawado, Program and Capacity development lactating women Manager (FOCCAD) • Male partners [email protected] Cell: +265999196535

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 60 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

World Medical Fund World Medical Fund works on MNCH through one-to-one IPC Nkhotakota • MOH • Pregnant and Frank Dezi, Clinical Team lactating women Leader • Male partners Tel: +2651235071 Synod of Livingstonia Synod of Livingstonia Development Program works on MNCH through Karonga • MOH • Pregnant and Waluza +265881127127 Development Program community mobilization and IPC lactating women [email protected] • Male partners

Tiwalere II Project-Feed the Tiwalere II is a five-year USAID project that provides nutrition education for Chitipa • MOH • Pregnant and Efinita Banda Children pregnant and lactating women and women with children under two years. SBCC Karonga • Aspire lactating mothers Director of Programs approaches implemented include community mobilization and IPC through care Nkhata Bay • HC4L • Adolescents (ages Efinita.banda@feedthechildr groups, teen clubs, and psychotherapy. Nkhotakota • ONSE 15-19 years) en.org Salima • Children under five 0888830896 Dowa Lilongwe Mchinji Balaka Machinga Rumphi Mangochi FHI 360 - HC4L Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide through • MOH-HES • Adolescents Amos Zikusooka implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, FP/RH, mass media • ONSE • Pregnant women Chief of Party malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and control, HIV, • Tiwalere II and male partners Tel: +265997835502 WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an integrated SBCC • One • Caregivers of Email: approach, designing packages of complimentary behaviors tailored to priority Community children under 5 [email protected] life stages, including pregnant women and their male partners, caretakers of • Others • General public children under 5, and adolescents. HC4L also implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 61 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.2. Appendix 2: FP/RH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOH-RHD The MOH-RHD coordinates the integration of SRH services at all levels; Nationwide • BLM All life stages Fannie Kachale develops SRH policies, strategy, and guidelines; guides implementation of • FPAM 0999231380 SRH services; and monitors and evaluates them. The Directorate promotes • FHI 360 0888586485 safer RH practices by men, women, and young people, and aims to • MSH [email protected] increase the use of high-quality, accessible SRH services among target • PSI/Malawi audiences • Save the Children • UNFPA MOH-HES The MOH-HES coordinates all health promotion and communication across Nationwide • FHI 360 All life stages Austin Makwakwa 11 priority essential health package – MNCH, malaria, community health, • World Vision Acting Deputy Director nutrition, IMCI, vaccine preventable diseases, HIV and AIDS, TB, NCDs, • ONSE [email protected] neglected tropical diseases, and oral health. This is done through health • Feed the awareness campaign, message and material development, road shows, Children WFP thematic health promotion groups, community based integrated health • UNICEF promotion support groups and promote activities which foster health behaviors. Family Planning Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM) provides FP services Mzuzu • PSI/Malawi • Young people Thokozani Mbendera Association of Malawi through mobile SRH facilities (53) and health clinics (4). FPAM also Mzimba South • Plan (ages 10-24) Executive Director (FPAM) conducts a range of SBCC activities, including advocacy for SRH policies; Kasungu International • Women 0999250021 provision of youth-friendly SRH information, education and SBCC materials Dowa • MOH [email protected] to young people at youth centers and through schools; and peer-educator- Lilongwe • MOYDS [email protected] led group discussions, and theater performances. Mchinji Skype: thokozani.mbendera Dedza Ncheu Mangochi Neno Karonga Salima PSI/ Malawi, N’zatonse PSI/Malawi, through the N’zatonse consortium, is implementing a four-year Rumphi, • Ministry of • Youth Jephta Mtema, Project project to support the MOH, private sector service providers, and NGOs to Mzimba, Health 0991711484 improve knowledge and acceptance of modern FP methods and improve Ntchisi, • FPAM 0888872639 access to SRH services using a rights-based and gender-sensitive Likoma, • HC4L [email protected] approach. PSI is also conducting SBCC activities to address knowledge Neno, • ONSE Skype: jephta.mtema gaps and reduce myths and misconceptions to promote uptake of MCMs, as Mwanza, Country Rep

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 62 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report well as integrated HIV prevention/FP SBCC activities to increase use of Blantyre, Box 30132, male and female condoms Ntcheu, Lilongwe 3 Thyolo, Machinga, Rick Nyaleye Dedza Comunications Department 0999952186 [email protected] BLM As a member of Marie Stopes International, BLM aims to address maternal Nationwide • MSH • Youth Patrick Zgambo mortality and rapid population growth by ensuring that women and young • FHI 360 • Women 0884111666 people (focusing on underserved and from hard-to-reach areas) have • NAC [email protected] access to information and service options related to FP and HIV. BLM offers • MOH services and FP information through a network of 310 clinics, 39 outreach Banja La Mtsogolo teams delivering services to more than 6500 mobile outreach points across Off Independence Drive, City Malawi Center P.O. Box 1854, Lilongwe, Malawi

Determined, Resilient, DREAMS Innovation Challenge (ending in March 2019) implemented led by Zomba • CAMFED • Adolescents and Dunia Chiwala Empowered, AIDS- FHI 360, aims to improve adolescent girls and young women’s (AGYW) Machinga • Village Reach young women SBCC Specialist Free, Mentored, and access to FP/SRH services and tackle underlying cultural factors, including Blantyre • Save the 0999301065 Safe (DREAMS) discriminatory cultural norms, gender inequality, and sexual violence that Children 0884156838 Innovation Challenge cause AGYW in Malawi to experience disproportionately higher dropout • MOEST [email protected] rates at the secondary school level. Program activities include: providing • MOH scholastic support and opportunities for mentorship to girls from public • MOGCDSW secondary schools; raising community awareness about the importance of girls’ education; strengthening youth-friendly health services for adolescent girls so they can stay in school; advancing women’s rights to sexual and reproductive health services; and addressing school-related gender-based violence, gender norms and cultural practices. Management Sciences The ONSE Project aims to make strides in reducing maternal, new-born, Ntcheu • MOH • All life stages Helen Dzoole Mwale for Health-ONSE and child morbidity and mortality in Malawi. The project expand access to Mchinji • HC4L • Health Care 0999370738 Project high-quality services in the four priority areas of MNCH, family planning, • FHI 360 Workers [email protected] malaria, and WASH, as well as facility-level nutrition. The goal of the project • Tiwalere II is to strengthen critical health systems, which will be accomplished by Private Bag 398, establishing a network approach, co-designing solutions to strengthen the Lilongwe, continuum of care for the priority health areas with the MOH, districts, Malawi partners from other sectors, community organizations, and other USAID

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 63 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report partners. SBCC activities include community action cycle, community score card, and champion communities United Nations UNFPA’s SRHR programs focus on realization of SRH rights by ensuring Nationwide • MOH • All life stages Henry Chimbali, Population Fund universal access to quality sexual and reproductive services by women, • MOYDS [email protected] (UNFPA) young people and men as well as reduction of maternal mortality. Support is 0999 890047 provided to ensure functionality of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care at facility and community levels, especially in underserved areas. Interventions, include: policy advocacy and communication; strengthening National SRH policy advocacy; and District level capacity building for service delivery; strengthening of SRH Coordination mechanism; and strengthening Integration of SRHR and other services United Purpose (UP) United Purpose integrates issues of SRH, FP, and HIV into all their Dowa • MOH • All life stages Heather Campbell programming. SBCC activities implemented in support of this integrated Kasungu Country Director approach include social mobilization, advocacy, change agent-led Lilongwe 09991772831 Ntcheu uplilongwe@united- Blaka purpose.org Chikwawa, Mulanje Malawi Head Office Dedza Green Heritage House, First Blantyre Floor, Area 13, PO Box 159, Thyolo Lilongwe, Malawi

Theatre for a Change TfaC works to improve the SRH of vulnerable and marginalized women and Phalombe • MOEST • Adolescent girls Beatrice Chipewyan (TfaC) girls through SBCC and advocacy. Work through Teacher Training Colleges Chiradzulu • MOH • Women Advocacy Officer (TTCs) and trains them in SRH to facilitate IPC around SRH issues in Blantyre primary schools. TfaC is the Chair of the National Girls’ Education Network, Machinga a membership organization with over 135 partners united under the vision of Dedza a future where all girls in Malawi are empowered through quality education Lilongwe Mchinji Kasungu Karonga Plan Malawi Plan Malawi focuses on sexual and reproductive health on women and the Kasungu • USAID • Youth Ms. Esnart Gunde youth. Plan International Malawi is committed to ensuring that all Mzimba • DFID • Women 0995578382 adolescents with and without disabilities and women of child-bearing age Mulanje • GSF 0999712211 have access to adequate health care services at community and health Lilongwe • WFP [email protected] facility. Plan works with care groups and volunteers at community level. • Comic Relief • EC • UNICEF

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 64 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • Individual donors World Vision World Vision Malawi implements relief, development and advocacy Nationwide • FPAM • Adolescents Prince Nkhata International interventions through ADCs, Extension workers, Community groups, HSAs, • BLM • Women SBCC Officer cluster supervisors, and Awareness campaigns. World Vision raise • MOH 0999481813 awareness on the benefits of planning pregnancies. World Vision also [email protected] produces various communication materials. Save the Children Save the Children focuses on the challenging transition between childhood Mwanza • MOH • Youth Country Office and adulthood, teaching adolescents about FP/SRH issues and relationship Nen • BLM 0991762667 skills. They provide health education to adolescents. It aims at positively Mchinji • Chinansi [email protected] contributing to the wellbeing of adolescents aged between 10 and 18 and to Nkhata Bay Foundation the betterment of society through the use of health, education and economic Rumphi • CHAM Ngerengere House, Off opportunities. Save the Children is currently implementing two projects on Ntchisi • Churches Mchinji Road. P.O Box SRH, and these are; SRH Programme and Improving Quality of Integrated Blantyre Action in Relief 30374, Lilongwe, Malawi. FP and Immunization Services (PFIZER). Thyolo and Development • Clinton Health Access Initiative • CRECCOM • PACHI Evangelical Association EAM is a Christian umbrella organization for evangelical churches and Nationwide • UNDP • Men National Secretariat of Malawi (EAM) Christian organizations. EAM also promotes family planning using • NAC • Women 0999831258 contraceptive methods and motivates churches to include the topic of family • DFID [email protected] planning in their activities. They target people who directly influence family • Christian Aid planning decisions to inform them about contraceptive methods and to UK P.O. Box 30296 correct fears and misconceptions related to family planning. It is EAM’s • European Lilongwe 3 objective to change the attitude and behaviour of people towards family Union Malawi planning.

Campaign for Female CAMFED is an international non-profit organization that tackles poverty and Machinga • MOEST • Marginalized girls Harold Kuombola Education in Malawi inequality by supporting marginalized girls to go to school and succeed, and • DFID • Young women National Director (CAMFED) empowering young women to step up as leaders of change. Through its 0991875474 youth enterprise programs, CAMFED is dedicated to improving the futures 0111642724 of young women beyond the classroom. They conduct trainings and [email protected] mentorship programs for young women. P.O.Box 2593,

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 65 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Blantyre, Malawi Chinansi Foundation Chinansi Foundation promoted of Gender equality by contributing toward Machinga • MOYDS • Youth Simplex Chithyola the improvement of quality of life of people infected and affected by HIV, Balaka • PLHIV Executive Director promoting gender and human rights, and improving collective participation Lilongwe 011553773 on developmental activities. They also focus on youth empowerment and 088863557 SRH by contributing toward realization of youth and children rights and facilitate for their intellectual and psycho- social development. Chinansi Foundation uses peer educators, Community Drama Groups, Community Volunteers, Support Groups, CAGS, and drama groups Goal Malawi GOAL’s programming portfolio in Malawi included interventions focused on Balaka • PSI/Malawi • Youth Paul WM Armour – Country improving water and sanitation, promoting community health and nutrition, Machinga • MOH Director encouraging climate change adaptation and climate smart agriculture, Mangochi • MOYDS +265 1 827 083/ MOB: +265 promoting alternative livelihoods, and strengthening disaster risk reduction. 999 963 750 Goal Malawi is implementing ‘Pamawa ndi Achinyamata’ project in Balaka, Machinga, and Mangochi. Interventions include radio programs and youth groups in the three districts. Centre for Youth The Centre for Youth Empowerment and Civic Education (CYECE) is Blantyre • MOH • Adolescent girls Ignisio Mambo Empowerment and working to increase uptake of quality and Comprehensive Sexual and Mangochi • Young women 0992674178 Civic Education Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) information and services including Dedza [email protected] HIV prevention among young people in Malawi. Salima [email protected] It works with young people in their communities to provide them with Machinga information on SRHR as well as provide them with referrals of where to get Zomba SRHR services. Chikwawa, Lilongwe Karonga Mzimba Thyolo Chiradzulu Focus Focus works on MNH, FP/SRH, HIV by providing access to service and Karonga • MOH • Men Chimwemwe Mwafongo quality supply. It uses community Mobilization and mass media through • Women 0888653267 radio programs. • Youth • Health workers Foundation for FOCCAD is a community-based organization aiming to create social change Nkhotakota • MOH • Youth Mabvuto Jawadu Community and for marginalized groups through a rights-based approach to programs and Program Manager Capacity Development development. 0999196535 (FOCCAD)

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 66 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report FHI 360-HC4L Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide • MOH-HES • Adolescents Amos Zikusooka implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, through mass • ONSE • Pregnant women Chief of Party FP/RH, malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and media • Tiwalere II and male 0997835502 control, HIV, WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an • One partners [email protected] integrated SBCC approach, designing packages of complimentary Community • Caretakers of behaviors tailored to priority life stages, including pregnant women and their children male partners, caretakers of children under 5, and adolescents. HC4L also • General public implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 67 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.3. Appendix 3: Malaria Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details NMCP The NMCP has developed a Malaria Communication Strategy (2015– Nationwide • World Vision • All life stages Shadreck Mulenga 2020), aligned with the National Health Communication Strategy. The • PSI 0888863978 Malaria Communication Strategy is based on the socio-ecological model • HC4L [email protected] and will be implemented under the Moyo ndi Mpamba brand, alongside its own brand (Malungo Zii). The following are the approaches proposed for malaria communication: advocacy, social mobilization, and SBCC MOH-HES The MOH-HES coordinates all health promotion and communication Nationwide • FHI 360 • All life stages Contact person: Austin Makwakwa across 11 priority essential health package – MNCH, malaria, community • World Vision Acting Deputy Director health, nutrition, IMCI, vaccine preventable diseases, HIV and AIDS, TB, • ONSE [email protected] NCDs, neglected tropical diseases, and oral health. This is done through • Feed the health awareness campaign, message and material development, road Children shows, thematic health promotion groups, community based integrated • WFP health promotion support groups and promote activities which foster health • UNICEF behaviors. MOEST MOEST have different programs in public schools across the country. Nationwide • MOH • General Ministry of Education, Science and Mostly supports NGO interventions in public schools. Work hand in hand population Technology with NGOs to come up with school clubs involving leaners. Part of the 0991789422 Education curriculum also helps in informing students on Malaria cause, 0991789416 prevention and treatment. [email protected]

Capital-Hill Circle, Private Bag 328, Capital City, Lilongwe 3, Malawi.

PSI/Malawi PSI/Malawi implements a LLIN social marketing program that incorporates Mzimba • MOH • Youth Rick Nyaleye Communications an SBCC component focused on increasing year-round, consistent use of Ntchis • NMCP Department LLINs Machinga, • World Vision 0999952186 Blantyre [email protected] Neno Mwanza Lilongwe Rumphi Dedza Ntcheu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 68 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Counterpart Provides organizational capacity development and service delivery grants Mzimba • CHAM • General Janet Mswayo International to civil society organizations (CSOs) to improve the delivery of health Lilongwe, • FAWEMA population [email protected] services, which includes malaria prevention and treatment. Mangochi • NAPHAM Zomba • CADECOM Chikwawa • Feed the Blantyre Children • Malawi Chambers of Commerce and Industries (MCCCI) • Pakachere • CEPA The Evangelical Trains church leaders, community-based educators, and congregational Karonga • NMCP for • All life stages 0999063044 Lutheran Church in committees in malaria prevention. Through the work of community-based Nkhata Bay strategic [email protected] Malawi educators and health assistants, the church conducts awareness programs Salima direction and household visits that address behavioral factors related to malaria Nkhotakota • PSI/Malawi Chidzanja Road, opposite Kafulu vector control strategies (net use, indoor residual spraying [IRS], Machinga for advocacy Primary School environmental management), malaria in pregnancy, and malaria care- Rumphi • Plan Malawi Junction to Chipasula Secondary seeking. for School community- Plot No. 22/22 based P.O. Box 650 monitoring of Lilongwe malaria

Pakachere IHDC Pakachere, implements a malaria prevention SBCC program aimed at Nkhotakota • MOH • Pregnant Simon Sikwese improving knowledge and awareness on malaria transmission, prevention women 0881063305 and early treatment seeking behaviours among target audiences. The • Adolescents [email protected] program is implemented in Nkhotakota. Has radio programs that are • Mothers disseminated through Nkhotakota community Radio station • Teachers • Primary school going children from 5-16 years old • Out of school youth within the age group of 10- 19

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 69 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report United Purpose United Purpose aims to increase the adoption of positive health behaviours Balaka • MoH-NMCP • All life stages Charles Yuma (Concern Universal) and uptake of health services through innovative, sustainable direct Dedza • MoH-HES 0999951128 support and BCC initiatives. Its goal is to reduce number of malaria-related Dowa Charles.Yuma@united- cases and deaths through supporting universal access to bed nets and Ntcheu purpose.org other vector control interventions. United Purpose distributes nets and educate and inform communities on how best to care for their nets and combat malaria.

Management Sciences ONSE is a five-year USAID-funded project whose aim is to expand Chikwawa • MoH-NMCP • Women of child Helen Dzoole Mwale for Health - ONSE access to high-quality services in the four priority areas of MNCH, Mchinji • MoH-HES bearing age [email protected] family planning, malaria, and WASH, as well as facility-level nutrition. Ntcheu • HC4L • Parents of under 0999370738 The goal of the project is to strengthen critical health systems, which Mangochi • World Vision 5 children will be accomplished by establishing a network approach, co- Nkhata Bay • United designing solutions to strengthen the continuum of care for the priority Lilongwe Purpose health areas with the MOH, districts, partners from other sectors, Salima community organizations, and other USAID partners. ONSE works Nkhotakota with Community Health Action Groups, Champion communities, Machinga community action cycle, and conducts community score cards Balaka World Vision World Vision International (WVI), is the lead implementer of the Global Nationwide • NMCP • General Prince Nkhata Fund grant to distribute LLINs in Malawi. In tandem with distribution of • United population SBCC Officer nets, WVI implements SBCC activities focused on increasing registration in Purpose 0999481813 advance of mass distribution campaigns, and increasing adoption of net • MOH-HES [email protected] use, care, and repair behaviors. Activities implemented include: community • Peace Corps mobilization, mass media, distribution of SBCC materials, and advocacy • GHSC-PMS forums. Majete Malaria Project Majete Malaria Project’s main goal is to reduce the burden of malaria in the Chikwawa • MoH-NMCP • General Anja Terlouw communities surrounding the Majete Wildlife Reserve in rural Chikwawa, • Hunger population Project lead southern Malawi. The project focuses on strong community involvement, to Project [email protected] ensure a sustainable, lasting impact on malaria burden. It is anticipated • College of that this approach will lead to a strong reduction of malaria-associated Medicine morbidity and infection, and a strengthened health system. • African Parks, Malawi- Liverpool- Welcome Trust Clinical

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 70 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Research Programme (MLW) Program for PATH partners with the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Malaria Karonga • MoH • Parents of Jones Stamalevi Appropriate Vaccine Implementation Program (MVIP) in selected districts of Malawi. Nkhata Bay • NMCP children under 2 0993603374 Technology in Health SBCC activities in support of this program include: community mobilization, Lilongwe • WHO 0991772868 (PATH) advocacy, and mass media to create an environment conducive to vaccine Ntchisi adoption and maintenance of positive health-seeking behaviors. Mchinji P/Bag 381, Phalombe Lilongwe Nsanje Chikwawa Machinga Mangochi Balaka Foundation for FOCCAD is a community-based organization aimed at increased capacity Nkhotakota • MOH • Youth Mavuto Jawado Community and and skills of village development Committees (VDCs), Village Health • Tilitonse Fund • Pregnant Program Manager Capacity Development Committees (VHCs) to engage the health center and hospital staff in women 0999196535 – FOCCAD dialogue on the welfare of Children born to HIV positive mothers. They • Children [email protected] have radio programs, community mobilization, community campaigns Abt Associates Vector Implementing VectorLink a PMI project conducting Indoor Residual Spray Nkhotakota • NMCP • All life stages Jennifer Burnet Link Project- IRS (IRS) in Nkhotakota but will soon scale up to other high burden malaria • HC4L Chief of Party Activity districts. The project will use social behavior change communication and • ONSE [email protected] mobilization activities to increase acceptance of IRS • Illovo Sugar Company Peace Corps Partners with PMI to promote evidence-based malaria prevention Nationwide • MOH • General Betty Mwaungulu strategies, including the use of LLINs, and malaria care-seeking and • MSH population 0999914847 treatment. Peace Corps volunteers conduct community-based SBCC • Elizabeth activities, which include LLIN care and repair demonstrations, net Glaser distribution and hang-up campaigns, community mobilization, and IPC Pediatric AIDS Foundation • Partners in Hope • PSI/Malawi • Grassroots Soccer

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 71 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • One Community (JHU) FHI 360-HC4L Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide • MOH • Pregnant Amos Zikusooka implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, through mass • ONSE women and Chief of Party FP/RH, malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and media • World Vision male partners 0997835502 control, HIV, WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an • PSI • Caretakers of [email protected] integrated SBCC approach, designing packages of complimentary In 10 districts • United under 5 behaviors tailored to priority life stages, including pregnant women and through mid- Purpose • Adolescents their male partners, caretakers of children under 5, and adolescents. HC4L media i.e. • CRECCOM • Caretakers of also implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed Community • YONECO older children performances • SWET • Women Nkhata Bay, • HNI • Young couples Nkhotakota, Lilongwe, Mchinji, • Wits Salima, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, Mangochi, Chikwawa Tiwalere II Project- Tiwalere II is a five-year USAID project that provides nutrition education for Chitipa, • MOH • Pregnant and Efinita Banda Feed the Children pregnant and lactating women and women with children under two years. Karonga, • Aspire lactating Director of Programs SBCC approaches implemented include community mobilization and IPC Nkhata Bay, • HC4L mothers [email protected] through care groups, teen clubs, and psychotherapy. Nkhotakota, • ONSE • Adolescents 0888830896 Salima, (ages 15-19 Dowa, years) Lilongwe, • Children under Mchinji, five Balaka, Machinga, Rumphi, Mangochi

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 72 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.4. Appendix 4: Nutrition Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOH-HES The MOH-HES coordinates all health promotion and communication across Nationwide • FHI 360 • All life stages Austin Makwakwa 11 priority essential health package – MNCH, malaria, community health, • World Vision Acting Deputy Director nutrition, IMCI, vaccine preventable diseases, HIV and AIDS, TB, NCDs, • ONSE [email protected] neglected tropical diseases, and oral health. This is done through health • Feed the awareness campaign, message and material development, road shows, Children thematic health promotion groups, community based integrated health • WFP promotion support groups and promote activities which foster health • UNICEF behaviors.

Tiwalere II Project-Feed Tiwalere II is a five-year USAID project that provides nutrition education for Chitipa • MOH • Pregnant and Efinita Banda the Children pregnant and lactating women and women which children under two years. Karonga • Aspire lactating mothers Director of Programs SBCC approaches include; community mobilization and IPC through care Nkhata Bay • HC4L • Adolescents (15- Efinita.banda@feedthechildr groups, teen clubs and psychotherapy. Nkhotakota • ONSE 19 years) en.org Salima • under five- 0888830896 Dowa children Lilongwe Mchinji Balaka Machinga Rumphi Mangochi Management Sciences ONSE is a five-year USAID-funded project working to improve maternal and Chitipa • MOH • WCBA Helen Dzoole Mwale for Health-ONSE child health in Malawi. Specific SBCC activities include; community Karonga, • HC4L (YFHS/MNH, FP) [email protected] Project mobilization through national structures such as CHAGS, HSAs and IPC Nkhatabay • TIWALERE II • Children under 5 0999370738 that includes community action circle, champion communities, and CSC, as Nkhotakota, • BLM (CBMC) well as social accountability through strengthening HCACs Kasungu • Village Reach Salima Dowa Mchinji Lilongwe Ntcheu

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 73 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

Mangochi Machinga Balaka Zomba Mulanje Chikwawa. Project Concern Njira, a five year-USAID project that aims at improving health and nutrition Balaka and • Line ministries • General Angela Khonje International (PCI) status of pregnant and lactating mothers and children under five years. The Machinga • CSOs Population Knowledge Management project works with mother and father care groups in delivering interpersonal Advisor and community-based interventions. 0995272939 World Food Program WFP works through partners to improve national capacity to reduce Nationwide • Line ministries. • General Emma Chimzukira (WFP) malnutrition among vulnerable groups by supporting nutrition education and through partners • CSOs population Nutritionist improving food security and resilience of communities living in disaster- 0999972410 prone areas. [email protected]

WFP Box 30571

Concern Worldwide Concern Worldwide capacitates member organizations to promote and Mchinji • Save the • General Concern Worldwide Malawi implement nutrition interventions linked to the National Nutrition Education Mangochi Children population 0991755217 and Communication Strategy, targeting households and individuals with Phalombe • Goal Malawi SBCC interventions. The organization runs two nutrition programs; Nsanje • DFID Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) and Realigning • Oxfam Agriculture to Improve Nutrition (RAIN). These two programs use community mobilization, advocacy and interpersonal communication, among others. Plan Malawi Plan works in four districts of Kasungu, Mzimba, Mulanje and Lilongwe to Kasungu • MOH • Pregnant women Ms Esnart Gunde provide emergency relief to communities affected by food shortages. These Mzimba • Nursing mothers O995578382 include distributing food packages to households and super-cereal rations to Mulanje • Children between [email protected] households most vulnerable to malnutrition, namely pregnant women, Lilongwe 6-23 months old nursing mothers and children between 6-23 months old. Works with care groups and volunteers at community level. Catholic Relief Services UBALE is a five-year USAID Food for Peace project aimed at increasing the Chikwawa • Save the • Parents of Alinane Katenga-Kaunda – United in Building and food security of vulnerable households; improving the nutrition of children Nsanje Children children under 0994303711 Advancing Life under two years as well as pregnant and lactating mothers while Blantyre rural • CADECOM five Expectations (UBALE), strengthening the disaster risk management of communities. The project • CARE • Lactating mothers

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 74 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

works with care groups and farmer clubs to mobilize communities for • National • Pregnant women improved nutrition and MNCH outcomes Smallholder • Lactating Farmers’ mothers Association of Malawi (NASFAM) World Vision World Vision Malawi implements relief, development and advocacy Nationwide • MOH • Pregnant, Prince Nkhata International interventions through ADCs, Extension workers, Community groups, HSAs, • UNICEF Lactating women SBCC Officer cluster supervisors, and Awareness campaigns. World Vision also produces • Under-Five 0999481813 various communication materials. children [email protected] Save the Children Save the Children works as a key partner within Malawi’s health sector in Nationwide • MoH-RHD • Women of Gomegzani Jenda support of national health goals that address the health and survival needs • Mai Khanda reproductive age Gomezgani.jenda@savethec of women of reproductive age and children under the age of five living in • Mercantile • Children under hildren.org vulnerable rural and peri-urban communities. Specific innovations and • ADECOTS the age of five evidence-based interventions include: Community Based Maternal and Newborn Care (CBMNC), community systems strengthening, SUN, and Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM), Mothers 2 Mothers M2M works to close the gap between the increasing availability of PMTCT Mchinji • EGPAF • Pregnant and Chileshe Chilangwa (M2M) and health services among women and children. M2ms works with mothers Lilongwe • MOH breastfeeding Country Director living with HIV and with recent PMTCT to serve as mentor mothers to Dedza women 0991774124, pregnant women and recently diagnosed HIV-positive pregnant women and Ntcheu [email protected] new mothers through provide motivational education and psychosocial Thyolo g support. They also work with expert clients who encourage people to go for Mulanje HIV testing and ART uptake. Chiradzulu, P/Bag B315, Lilongwe. Blantyre Adventist Development ADRA promotes nutrition awareness using strategies that help households Mulanje • Swedish • Men Michael Usi, Acting Country and Relief Agency achieve diverse and nutrient-rich diets. Conducts community meetings with International • Women Director (ADRA)-Enhanced target audiences and uses Reflect Circles. Development • Youth 0991820016 Livelihood through Agency (SIDA) [email protected] Gender Empowerment • Water for All Project (ELGE-Project)- Foundation . Malawi Lake Basin The Malawi Lake Basin Programme (MLBP) is a sustainable rural Chikwawa • WFP • Primary School Mcdonald Mulumbe Project livelihoods development program being implemented by a consortium of five • Norwegian going children Natural Resources organizations; We Effect, Farmers Union of Malawi (FUM), National Embassy • All vulnerable Management Officer Smallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi (NASFAM), and Malawi Union groups (female- 0999299892

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of Savings and Credit Co-operatives (MUSCCO) and Vi-Agro forestry. Has • Swedish headed 0881281719 two nutrition projects; Home Grown School Feeding program and Nutrition Cooperative households, [email protected] Options for Vulnerable groups. It uses IPC and works with ADCS, Support PLHWAs, youths, P.O. Box 224, Salima groups affiliated to CBOs, VDCs and ADCs. the elderly) World Medical Fund WMF is implementing a Home-Grown School Feeding program in Nkhotakota • MOH • Primary School Frank Dezi (WMF) Nkhotakota. It uses interpersonal communication and works with HCWs, going children Clinical Team Leader volunteers, clubs (e.g teen clubs & support groups). 0991235271 United Purpose (UP) United Purpose implements the Capacity Building for sugar out growers Chikwawa • ICRISAT • General Heather Campbell project in Malawi. Components of the project include Income diversification, Balaka • International population Country Director Crop diversification, Health & Nutrition. United Purpose works with youth Chikhwawa Potato Center Clubs, STAR Circles, volunteers, HSAa, TOT, community policing, and Chitipa 0991772831 community journalist Dedza uplilongwe@united- Dowa purpose.org Kasungu Machinga Malawi Head Office Mchinji Green Heritage House, First Mulanje Floor, Area 13, PO Box 159, Nkhotakhota Lilongwe, Malawi Nsanje Ntcheu Phalombe Thyolo Zomba Care Malawi Care Malawi is implementing a project called Southern Africa Nutrition Kasungu, Dowa, • MOH • General Dr. Adwin Mtembezeka, Initiative (SANI) and other programs enhancing community resilience. Care Ntcheu • Save the population Nutrition Specialist Malawi works with care groups and volunteers and uses Interpersonal Children • WCBA 0995207663 Communication (trainings, meetings); open days; sensitizations, and • CADECOM • Children under [email protected] performance education theatres fives g

P. O. Box A89, Lilongwe Hunger Project The Hunger Project uses IPC and works with volunteers using Chikwawa • MOH • Communities Noel Nkhoma, decentralization structures and ADC's Ntcheu • Women 01844699/099442615, • Children Raynor Avenue, Shire Building, P/Bag 665, Limbe.

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Story Workshop SWET aligns its programs with seasonal and cultural approaches and Dedza • MOH • Parents with Zee Chunga, Ruth Muula Education Trust ensures that multiple voices are captured in each of its programs. The Lilongwe children under 5 : 0884 207 120, 0888 195 (SWET) specific programs include: Community mobilization program, Radio Ntcheu • Traditional and 310 magazine program, TV program, Interpersonal and door-to-door outreach Mchinji Religious Fax: 01 820 263 program, formative research, and listening clubs Mulanje leaders Email: Rumphi • Health care [email protected], workers [email protected] P/Bag 266, Blantyre Farm Radio Trust (FRT) FRT produces radio programs and engages farmers at grassroot level to Karonga, • MOAIWD General population Pauline Mbukwa, record and broadcast testimonies. It also works with AgDiv to promote the Nkhata Bay, • MOH – DNHA 0999953680, use of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) Bags and produces one- Kasungu, • CARE [email protected] minute and 30-minute radio programs and promotional materials. Nkhotakota, International rg, Area 14, Off Presidential Lilongwe, • YONECO Highway, Plot 113, P.O Box Ntcheu, 30081, Lilongwe Mchinji, Balaka, Machinga, Chikwawa, Mzimba, Nsanje, Blantyre, Ntchisi. Lighthouse Trust Light House is a registered public trust that works through existing Lilongwe, Mchinji • Dignitas • Clients Prof. Sam Phiri community structures such as Support Groups Expert Clients, Health International 0888892523 Promoters, and Community Based Organizations to promote nutritional • Baobab Health 0991725549 status of Malawians. They use IEC materials, radio, TV, and health talks Trust 0991758940 • Palliative Care [email protected] Association of http://www.mwlighthouse.org Malawi • M2M Kamuzu Central Hospital • Catholic AID Area 33 Mzimba Street for Overseas P.O. Box 10 Development Lilongwe • University of North Carolina Sam Zimba [email protected] • WHO

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Africare Africare works with communities to provide training in feeding and sanitation Ntcheu • Bvumbe • Women Grace Kamba measures to keep children nourished and healthy. It is implementing a Agricultural • Female farmers Officer-In-Charge project known as Vegetables for Income and Nutrition in Eastern and Research 0991755155 Southern Africa (VINESA) Station 0991753273 [email protected]

Africare/Malawi P.O. Box 2346 Lilongwe Malawi

OXFAM OXFAM is implementing a SUN project. They use the Care Group Model to Lilongwe • MOH • Parents of Chimwemwe Jemitale reach out to its target audience and conducts trainings. Dowa children under 5 0888385337 Nkhotakota • Lactating women Salima • Pregnant women Foundation for FOCCAD is a community-based organization aimed at increased capacity Nkhotakota • MOH • Youth Mavuto Jawado Community and and skills of village development Committees (VDCs), Village Health • Tilitonse Fund • Pregnant women Program Manager Capacity Development Committees (VHCs) to engage the health center and hospital staff in 0999196535 (FOCCAD) dialogue on the welfare of Children born to HIV positive mothers. They have radio programs, community mobilization, community campaigns Palladium-FISH Project The FISH project works through community structures such as Beach Mangochi, • MOH • General Alan Brooks Management Committees and peer leaders among the fishing community to Balaka, • Fisheries population Chief of Party disseminate messages and hold small group discussions in fishing Machinga department [email protected] communities Zomba Peace Corps Through Feed the Future, Peace Corps supports communities through perm Nationwide • MOH • Households Betty Mwaungulu gardening and other activities that allow households and community groups • MSH 0999914847 (schools and health centers) to grow nutritious and diversified crops year- • Elizabeth round Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation • Partners in Hope • PSI/Malawi • Grassroots Soccer

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 78 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

• One Community (JHU) UNICEF UNICEF uses the Communication for Development (C4D) approach, and all Nationwide • MOH • Adolescents Elsie Mulinganiza communication interventions are theoretically rooted in the socio-ecological • WFP • Parents of under 0884767559 model. Areas of focus include WASH, MNCH, FP/RH, nutrition, malaria, • ONSE 5 children HIV, governance, and accountability. UNICEF also works with Ministry of • World Vision Information to mobilize Social Mobilization Committees and uses learning • Feed the labs to share best C4D/SBCC practices. Children Catholic Health Catholic Health Commission implements HIV / AIDS mitigation through HBC Zomba • MOH • Vulnerable Rafael Yusuf Commission with a component of nutrition. Catholic Health Commission uses IPC households 0999662348 • OVC raphael.yusufu2010@gmail. com, [email protected], Nkhadze Alive Youth NAYORG empowers young people with knowledge and skills on issues that Balaka • MOH • Pregnant women Charles Sinetre Organization affects them on education, early childhood development; promote behavior and lactating 0995668071 (NAYORG) change in areas of HIV and AIDS, environment food security and nutrition to mothers 0888588022 end hunger and vulnerability in young people living with HIV (PLWHA). Uses • Adolescents [email protected] Community mobilization, trainings, Mass media, FGDS, and IEC materials. • PLHIV [email protected] They work with structures such as Community Action Group, Villlage Health • People with om Committees, Support Groups, Mother groups, Peer Educators, HSAs, disabilities DHMT, CBCCs, Area and Village Civil protection committees, Liwu la nzika, P.O. Box 484 Balaka, Youth Network, VNRMC, ADC, Andiamo Loop Road Left turn after Catholic Women Organization. Mary's Meals Mary’s Meals aim is that every child receives one daily meal in their place of Nationwide • Ministry of • School-aged Martin Swinchatt education and that all those who have more than they need, share with Education children Country Director those who lack even the most basic things. Mary;s Meals works 0998496012 with structures such as ADCs, PTA, and school committees martin.swinchatt@marysmea ls.org Agriculture AgDiv is a USAID funded project aimed at addressing issues of low income, Mchinji • FtF-INV • Women farmers Carl Lankins Diversification Program- dietary diversification, and effects of climate change by improving access to Lilongwe rural • NASFAM Chief of Party Feed the Future Project better markets, agriculture productivity and resilience to climate change. Dedz • FAO [email protected] The project also works to boost nutritional outcomes in the target districts. Ntcheu • NRC Machinga • ICRISAT Mangochi • Palladium

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Balaka • LUANAR Blantyre rural • Exagris Africa Limited • FUM • CISANET • Technoserve • Tiwalere II • PAC • MOH • MOSIWD FHI 360-HC4L Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide • MOH-HES • Pregnant women Amos Zikusooka implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, through mass • ONSE and male Chief of Party FP/RH, malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and media • Tiwalere II partners 0997835502 control, HIV, WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an • One • Caretakers of [email protected] integrated SBCC approach, designing packages of complimentary Community children behaviors tailored to priority life stages, including pregnant women and their • Among others • Adolescents male partners, caretakers of children under 5, and adolescents. HC4L also • General public implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 80 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.5. Appendix 5: WASH Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOAIWD MOAIWD is responsible for Agriculture, Irrigation and Water development in Nationwide • Line Ministries • Men Willy Msonda Malawi. For WASH related services specifically on health-related issues, • CSOs • Women 0888895410 The MOAIWD relies on development partners and stakeholders including • Children MOH to promote the wellbeing of people around access to clean water, proper usage, hygiene and sanitation practices MSH- ONSE aims to make strides in reducing maternal, newborn, and child Chitipa • MOH • Men Helen Dzoole Mwale ONSE morbidity and mortality in Malawi. The project will expand access to high- Karonga • FHI 360 • Women Director- Community quality services in the four priority areas of MNCH, family planning, malaria, Nkhata-Bay • Tiwalere II • Children Mobilization and WASH, as well as facility-level nutrition. The goal of the project is to Nkhotakota 0999370738 strengthen critical health systems, which will be accomplished by Kasungu [email protected] establishing a network approach, co-designing solutions to strengthen the Dowa continuum of care for the priority health areas with the MOH, districts, Mchinji partners from other sectors, community organizations, and other USAID Salima partners. SBCC activities used include community mobilization, community Lilongwe action groups, and clubs in health facilities Ntcheu Balaka Mangochi Machinga Zomba Mulanje Chikwawa Water Aid Water Aid is involved in the provision of WASH services, sector Directly • NICE • Men Mercy Masoo strengthening, citizens’ empowerment, and policy and advocacy. Water Aid implementing in: • Mineral and • Women Country Director is leading implementation of the SBCC Facial Cleanliness & Environmental Machinga Applicable • Children Improvement SBCC Strategy for trachoma control in 17 districts across Nkhotakota Technologies [email protected] Malawi through partners (2014–2019). Approaches used include: Kasungu in Malawi 0882255104 participatory hygiene and sanitation for transformation; community Dowa (MATAMA) awareness on WASH using Health Education Band; advocacy; Citizen Lilongwe • Evangelical Lovemore Mvula Action Initiative ensures that communities are empowered to engage with Lutheran 0999297808 duty bearers on their right to WASH; and cinema shows Development Services • Training Support Program (TSP)

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 81 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

Plan International Implements projects focused on water and sanitation with the aim of Kasungu • Line Ministries • Men 999970400/ 401/ 402/ 403/ Malawi increasing access to safe water and improved hygiene and sanitation. Mzimba • CSOs • Women 404 SBCC activities include mass media -radio programs (1-minute and 30- Mulanje • Children minute radio programs) and mid-media (community meetings and dialogs) Lilongwe Off Presidential Way Area 14/100, Block A Ground and First Floors P.O. Box 2053, Lilongwe Malawi Office Malawi https://plan- international.org/malawi

World Vision World Vision Malawi through Water Sanitation and Hygiene project aims at Chitipa, Karonga, • MoIWD • School teachers Deborah Muheka reducing the prevalence of diarrhea among under five children. World Vision Mzimba, Kasungu, • MOH • Children in school WASH Manager Malawi works with partners and communities to prevent diarrhea and other Ntchisi • ONSE and out of school waterborne diseases by constructing and rehabilitating boreholes and water Dowa, Lilongwe, • Mzuzu • Mother groups, 0884136081 piped systems and sanitary facilities. Through the CLTS approach, World Mchinji, Dedza, University SMC’s [email protected] Vision Malawi empowers communities to stop open defecation and use Salima, • UNICEF • PTA’s latrines without external prescriptions for latrines models or hardware Ntcheu, Machinga, • Mothers of under 5 subsidy. Zomba, Neno, children Chiradzulu, • Lactating mothers Mulanje and • Pregnant women Chikwawa • Couples

• Women of child

bearing age • Care groups UNICEF UNICEF uses the Communication for Development (C4D) approach, and all Nationwide • MOH • Men Elnur Aliyev communications interventions are theoretically rooted in the socio-ecological (UNICEF uses a • Women [email protected] model. Areas of focus include WASH, MNCH, FP/RH, nutrition, malaria, mix of channels to • Children 0999964714 HIV, governance, and accountability. UNICEF runs a learning lab, a reach target capacity development platform that brings together all C4D partners to audiences) share lessons and best practices in communications. UNICEF plans to conduct a national capacity assessment survey

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 82 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

InterAide Raises awareness on sanitation and hygiene, provides support for the Phalombe, Zomba, • MoAIWD • General population improvement of water treatment, building and rehabilitating wells and Mulanje, (GoM) developing networks that maintain water points. Chiradzulu, • MOH Lilongwe, Dedza, Mchinji, Salima, Dowa, Ntchisi and Kasungu.

FHI 360-HC4L Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide • MOH-HES • Adolescents Amos Zikusooka implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, through mass • ONSE • Pregnant women Chief of Party FP/RH, malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and media • Tiwalere II and male partners 0997835502 control, HIV, WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an • One • Caretakers of [email protected] integrated SBCC approach, designing packages of complimentary Community children under 5 behaviors tailored to priority life stages, including pregnant women and their • Among others • General public male partners, caretakers of children under 5, and adolescents. HC4L also implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed Malawi Red Cross Implementing Cholera project with SWET,and supported by UNICEF. Cholera project- 19 • MOH • Pregnant women Mrs. Prisca Chisala Director Society Conducts house to house sensitization, drama groups in some selected cholera prone • MOAIWD, and lactating Email: areas, community engagement through FDG’s, mobile cinema, open days districts • MOEST mothers [email protected] through sports. Malawi Red Cross Society also implements developmental Chitipa, Karonga, • SWET • Caretakers of Wash Obed Mwambakulu interventions on water rehabilitating boreholes and is accompanied by Nkhata-Bay, • World Relief children under 5 Manager programs hygiene promotion activities. It also implements a nutrition project with a Nkhotakota, • CDC Cell: +26599937855 WASH component focused on food handling. Kasungu, Salima, Email: • Plan Lilongwe, Ntcheu, omwambakulu@redcross. • UNICEF Balaka, Mangochi, mw Machinga, Zomba, Mulanje, Tabonga Nyekanyeka Chikwawa Cell: Phalombe, +265999559408/+2658883 Mwanza, Rumphi, 99447 Dedza, Nsanje, Email: [email protected] Developmental interventions- Mzimba, Salima, supported by Swiss redcross

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 83 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

Kasungu Belgian recross Chikwawa, Mwanza and Mangochi- Danish Redcross.

Nutrition project- Mangochi, Mulanje, Chikwawa and Neno. Peace Corps Works through volunteers to conduct IPC on WASH. The volunteers come Nationwide • MOH • General population Betty Mwaungulu from around the world and use their expertise and experience to conduct • MSH Tel: +265999914847 WASH related activities in the communities they are deployed to • Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation • Partners in Hope • PSI/Malawi • Grassroots Soccer • One Community National Initiative for Awareness raising, Civic Education, community mobilization through Nationwide • MOH • Men Edwin Msewa, Civic Education (NICE) meetings, rallies, interface, trainings, workshops, open days, Community • Women Tel: +265996292333, Forums on WASH. • Children [email protected] • Youth P.O Box 1046, Lilongwe, • Health care Area14 off Presidential workers Drive Plot 187.

Evangelical Lutheran Evangelical Lutheran Development Services is implementing CLTS/SLTS Chikwawa and • MOH • Communities Sautso Wande/Wezzie Development Services to address maternal issues through conducting participatory community and Salima • Women of child Ngoma: social mobilization, and advocacy bearing age

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 84 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

• Floods and dry Tel: spell victims +265881697898/+2658817 • Food insecure 54926 households Email: [email protected] /[email protected] P.O. Box 177, Ngabu Story Workshop Implements Chifumira ku dzira a UNICEF funded project that has both Chifumira ku Dzira- • World Relief • Men Kent Mphepo Education Trust nutrition and WASH components. Male champions in the program use Nkhatabay, • Red Cross. • Women Tel: +265888435629 (SWET) football and netball as a form of community mobilization to advocate for Karonga, Neno, • Adolescents [email protected] WASH best practices. Dowa, Lilongwe, Blessings Nkhata Mulanje, Tel: +265888345850 SWET also has another program called Tithane ndi Cholera implemented in Chikwawa, [email protected]. 19 districts across the country. The project uses drama performances, social Mangochi, Ntcheu uk Fax: 01 820 263 media (Youtube, Facebook, Twitter), uses radio and TV spots to disseminate WASH/cholera messages and uses paramount chiefs to Tithane ndi advocate for WASH best practices. Cholera- Chitipa, Karonga, Nkhata- Bay, Nkhotakota, Kasungu, Salima, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Balaka, Mangochi, Machinga, Zomba, Mulanje, Chikwawa Phalombe, Mwanza, Rumphi, Dedza, Nsanje, The African Medical AMREF is implementing the Trachoma Elimination Project using personal Trachoma • Line Ministries • Men Young Samanyika (Country and Research hygiene and sanitation education, participatory hygiene and sanitation elimination project: • WaterAid • Women manager) Foundation (AMREF) transformation, and community-based approaches to sanitation and hygiene Lilongwe, • Sight Savers. • Children Cell: +265999557170 education models in communities and schools. Mangochi, Email: Chikwawa. [email protected] It is also implementing the Deliver Life Project. On behalf of WaterAid, rg AMREF constructs hygiene and sanitation and water supply facilities in health facilities and surrounding villages. This is accompanied by SBCC, including health education and IPC

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Deliver life project: Machinga

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 86 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.6 Appendix 6: HIV/AIDS Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOEST The MOEST conducts trainings for teachers on HIV/AIDS debates, and Nationwide • MOH • Schools: Lindiwe Chide HIV/AIDS campaigns • NAC primary, Public Relations Officer • UNESCO Secondary and 0991666029 tertiary 0888308523 0991789416 MOH-HES The MOH-HES coordinates all health promotion and communication Nationwide • FHI 360 • All life stages Austin Makwakwa across 11 priority essential health package – MNCH, malaria, community • World Vision, Acting Deputy Director health, nutrition, IMCI, vaccine preventable diseases, HIV and AIDS, TB, ONSE [email protected] NCDs, neglected tropical diseases, and oral health. This is done through • Feed the health awareness campaign, message and material development, road Children shows, thematic health promotion groups, community based integrated • WFP health promotion support groups and promote activities which foster • UNICEF health behaviors. Ministry of Health- DHA coordinates management of STIs, PMTCT, and voluntary medical Nationwide • Govt ministries • All life stages Department of HIV and AIDS Department of male circumcision nationally. All HIV program are linked to one robust • CSOs Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS (DHA) monitoring and evaluation sub-section in the Department which • Donors 1099711999 technically operates under the Central Monitoring and Evaluation [email protected] Department of the MOH. P.O. Box 30377 Lilongwe 3 Malawi

NICE NICE is a government agency under the Ministry of Information and Civic Nationwide • MOH • Youths Edwin Msewa, Education that conducts civic education campaigns, dissemination of IEC • Women 0996292333 materials on HIV prevention, and conducts IPC through one-on-one • Men community interventions [email protected] P.O Box 1046, Lilongwe, Area14 off Presidential Drive Plot 187.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 87 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report John's Hopkins Uses case management approach that includes IPC and community Southern • Project Hope • Children Glory Mkandawire University-ONE mobilization to reach vulnerable populations, especially children, Region of • Plan International • Adolescents Chief of Party [email protected] Community Project adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), vendors, fisherfolk and farm Malawi in the • MOH • PLHIV workers and link them to HIV prevention, testing, care and support districts of: Thomas Ofem services and increasing positive behaviors that reduce the impact of HIV Chikwawa, Technical Advisor on communities. Mulanje, [email protected] Machinga, Mangochi, Zomba, Phalombe and Blantyre. Counterpart STEPS uses IPC and community mobilization to promote HIV prevention Nationwide • Counterpart • Women Alexandra Frank International- Skills International • Children [email protected] and Technical • GOM/MOH • Adolescents Education Program • NAC and young girls (STEPS) FHI 360-Health Along with the MOH-HES and implementing partners, HC4L designs and Nationwide • MOH-HES • Adolescents Amos Zikusooka Communication for implements evidence-based and innovative SBCC activities on MNCH, coverage • CRECCOM • Populations at Chief of Party Life FP/RH, malaria, nutrition, food safety and aflatoxin management and through mass • YONECO risk 0884904078 control, HIV, WASH, and misuse of government resources. HC4L uses an media • SWET [email protected] integrated SBCC approach, designing packages of complimentary • MANASO behaviors tailored to priority life stages, including pregnant women and Targeted • PACHI their male partners, caretakers of children under 5, and adolescents. coverage in 11 • One Community HC4L also implements vertical targeted SBCC as needed districts: • ONSE Karonga, Chitipa, Nkhata-Bay, Dowa, Kasungu, Salima, Nkhotakota, Mchinji, Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Mangochi Machinga, Zomba

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 88 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Balaka, Mulanje and Chikwawa Partners in Health Conducts conferences and trainings with health workers who are key to Neno • MOH • Most vulnerable P.O. Box 56, providing quality health services to people. PIH built Neno District children NENO Hospital and continues to provide health services and conduct • Adolescents interpersonal communication to address HIV related issues among communities in the district. PIH also provides financial support to the most vulnerable families in the district because it believes that poverty is the root cause of some diseases. Adventist ADRA uses drama as an element of SBCC which engages the audience, Nation wide • MoH • Young girls Michael Usi Development and mass media e.g. radio and TV, community mobilization, and advocacy • Women Country Director Relief Agency • PLHIV [email protected] (ADRA) PSI/Malawi PSI/Malawi uses social marketing to sell male and female condoms for Nationwide • MOH • Youth Jephta Mtema duel protection (FP and HIV). It also conducts community mobilization for through mass • PLHIV Country Rep VMMC and mass media programs for youth on SHR, including HIV media Lilongwe 3 Tel: +26501711484 Targeted Fax: +26501711486 interventions Cell: +2650888872639 or in: +2650995672518 Mzimba, [email protected] Ntchisi, Machinga, For SBCC queries, contact: Ricky Blantyre, Nyaleye Thyolo, Neno, Mwanza, Lilongwe, Rumph Dedza and Ntcheu Pakachere Institute Pakachere has implemented several HIV SBCC interventions using mass Nkhotakota, • Line ministries • Adolescents Simon Sikwese of Health and media, print, and community mobilization, implements community Lilongwe, • CSOs • Young people 0999963305 Development mobilization activities to reach key populations, and manages “drop-in Mchinji, [email protected] Communication centers” offering HIV services Nkhata-Bay, Machinga, Grace Kumwenda Mangochi, 0888301944 Chikwawa, [email protected]

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 89 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Mulanje, Dedza, Nsanje, Thyolo and Chiradzulu. Story Workshop Story Workshop is implementing IPC and community mobilization Nationwide • MOH • All community Kent Mphepo program, radio magazine program, TV program, door-to-door outreach, • Ministry of members 0888435629 formative research, and listening clubs to promote HIV prevention and Agriculture • HSAs [email protected] services • MOGCDSW • Health • Ministry of Promotion Blessings Nkhata Information Officers 088345850 • Ministry of • TB Officers [email protected] Education Tiwalere-Feed the Focuses on community mobilization and IPC in more than 800 Nationwide • Save the • Children Living Mr. Francis R.W. Chalamanda, Children Project communities on early childhood development and reduction of HIV Children with HIV 0999422828/ 888607077 prevalence using community mobilization, home visits, and education to • WFP • Mothers [email protected]. parents • UNICEF • Caretakers • USAID • Adolescent girls National Coordinator for ECD, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare.

Emmanuel Emmanuel International use of IPC and community mobilization through • MOH • PLHIV Maneya Ignatio International religious forums such as church services and meetings/gatherings • Religious 088127726 leaders [email protected] M2M M2M is implementing PMTCT programs in collaboration with MOH Lilongwe • Children and Chileshe Chilangwa through Mchinji adults Country Director health education, one-on-one interaction, mentor mothers, and follow up Dedza • Male and 099177412 to women who have missed their ART clinic appointments Ntcheu female [email protected] Blantyre • pregnant Mulanje women P/Bag B315, Lilongwe. Thyolo Chiradzulu Baobab Health Trust Baobab Health Trust uses technology to improve HIV and TB diagnosis in Nationwide • MoH • Health workers Chimango Munthali health facilities through • Light House • All life stages Interim Executive Director GOM/MOH • Partners in Hope 095401766 facilities 0888346379 [email protected]

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 90 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report • College of Medicine www.baobabhealth.org • Welcome Trust • Luke International Light House Light House is a registered public trust that works with the MOH to Lilongwe • Dignitas • All life stages Prof. Sam Phiri operate two large, integrated HIV testing, treatment, and care clinics. Ntchisi International 0888892523 Some of their SBCC activities include production and dissemination of Mzimba • Baobab Health [email protected] SBCC materials, radio and TV programs. They also conduct IPC activities Nkhata Bay Trust through support groups, expert clients, health promoters. Blantyre • Palliative Care Kamuzu Central Hospital Area 33 Rumphi Association of Mzimba Street Likoma Malawi P.O. Box 10 • Mothers2Mothers Lilongwe • Catholic AID for Overseas Sam Zimba Development [email protected] University of North Carolina • WHO MANASO MANASO is a network of over 900 AIDS service organizations in Malawi Nationwide • HC4L • All life stages Abigail Dzimadzi that coordinates sectoral, policy and program activities for member CSOs. through • MOH [email protected] major activities include; advocacy, communication through mass media, member IPC and community mobilization CSOs Right to Care Right to Care provides facility-based care and mobilization for HIV PIH – Chitipa, • Partners in Hope • All life stages Dr. Megh Raji Jagriti consortium of three prevention and treatment through: IPC and counseling facility and Karonga, • Dignitas Country Director partners: community level; Nkhotakota, International 0991525420 Baylor community mobilization for VMMC and ART clients; and health systems Lilongwe, • Baylor College of [email protected] Partners in Hope strengthening for HIV care Chikwawa, Medicine [email protected] (PIH) Kasungu, Dignitas Dowa

Baylor – Machinga and Salima

Zomba and Phalombe – Dignitas

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 91 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Elizabeth Glaser Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation provides education on HIV Nationwide • MOH • Mothers Elton Masina Pediatric AIDS transmission to the unborn child. Participates in national HIV TWGs • Children 0888692663 Foundation [email protected] (EGPAF) P.O Box 2543, Lilongwe Jhpiego Department Jhpiego implements four HIV prevention projects focusing on provision of Gateway • MOH • Malawi Hannah Gibson of Defense (DOD) Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC). These include; Gateway, Project: • Johns Hopkins Defense Force Country Director Project Department of Defense (DOD), AIDS Free and Improving Quality (IQ) Blantyre, University • Communities 0991776412/3/4 Project. Thyolo, Chiradzulu, P.O. Box 1091 Lilongwe, Pamodzi House, 2nd floor Ntcheu and City Center Mzimba. Lilongwe, Malawi

DOD Project: Lilongwe, Dowa, Kasungu, Zomba, Salima, Mzimba and Karonga.

AIDS Free: Chikwawa, Thyolo and Zomba

IQ Project: Lilongwe Jhpiego Malawi- Jhpiego Malawi-Gateway Project AIDS Free Project uses skilled providers All regions • MOH • Pregnant Hannah Gibson, Country Director Gateway Project of HIV/AIDS services in health facilities and HTS campaigns • Johns Hopkins women 0991776412/3/4 AIDS Free Project University • adolescent girls • young women P.O. Box 1091 Pamodzi House, 2nd floor City Center Lilongwe, Malawi

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 92 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report

MANERELA+ MANERELA+ mobilizes communities through religious and traditional Nationwide • MANET+ • Women living Denis Nseu leaders to address various socio-economic challenges facing Malawians, through • MANASO with HIV Executive Director including HIV and AIDS, accountability, human rights, gender, SRH, membership • National 0999472810 livelihoods, among others. The approaches used include advocacy, of individual Association for 0881410060 capacity building, monitoring and evaluation, learning and documentation faith leaders People Living and information sharing, mass media, and mentorship. with HIV and [email protected] AIDS in Malawi [email protected] (NAPHAM) • MIAA • Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA) • Society for Women and AIDS in Malawi (SWAM) • Coalition of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (COWLHA) • district councils • DHOs • MoEST • Min of Gender • International Network of Religious Leaders Living with or Personally affected by AIDS (INERELA+) World Vision World Vision International is implementing life skills activities in and out of All regions • USG • Youths Henry Machemba International schools [email protected] 0888982624 YONECO The Adolescent Girls and Young Women (ADYW) Project under Global Mulanje • ActionAid • Adolescents MacBain Mkandawire Fund deals with issues that affect women and girls in relation to HIV. Has • ChristianAid 0888958726

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 93 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Mawa Langa (my tomorrow) radio programs on YFM one focusing on HIV • MOH [email protected] and the other one focusing on AGYW. Wezzie Mtonga 088820961 [email protected] FHI 360 Linkages The Linkages Project (2016-2021) is a five-year, global USAID project Lilongwe • YONECO • FSW Melchiade Ruberintwari Project that works with key population (KP) including; men having sex with men Blantyre • Centre for the • MSM Country Director (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and Transgender (TG) persons. Zomba Development of 01775106 Mzimba People (CEDEP) 0997171677 Mangochi • Pakachere Machinga P.O. Box 30382, Arwa House, 3rd Floor | Lilongwe, Malawi [email protected] National Association NAPHAM fights against stigma and discrimination, advocates for Nationwide • MOH • PLHIV Master Mphande: Director for People Living supportive environments for PLHIV, and facilitates localized support • FHI 360, • General public 0888702898 with HIV (NAPHAM) groups for those who are infected and directly affected by HIV and AIDS • MoGCSW [email protected] • NAC • Human Right Commission Coalition of Women COWLHA unites different groups of women as a civil society force in Ntcheu, • TROCARE • Women living Edna Tembo: Director Living with HIV dealing with issues on gender and women’s rights in the context of HIV Kasungu, • Dan Church with HIV and 0888309 917 (COWLHA) and AIDS that impact on the lives of women living with HIV and AIDS in Neno, • EngenderHealth AIDS [email protected] Malawi. COWLHA’s mandate specifically seeks to enhance the protection Chikwawa • UN Women • PLHIV and promotion of rights of women living with HIV and AIDS • Aidfonds Malawi Network of Malawi Network of People Living with HIV is a coordinating and facilitating Nationwide • MOH • PLHIV Lawrence Khonyongwa People Living with body that promotes effective networking amongst associations and 0992035910 HIV support groups of people infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS and [email protected] organizations working on HIV/AIDS. Network of The network hopes to challenge stereotypes associated with people living Nationwide • Media Council • PLHIV David Kamkwamba: Director Journalists Living with PLHIW and to project PLWHA in a positive and empowering light. It • NAMISA 0993193 471 with HIV (JOSEHA) aims at facilitating a safe place for journalists living with HIV and AIDS in [email protected] high prevalence settings to network with each other and articulate their issues openly.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 94 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.7. Appendix 7: Aflatoxin Control Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

Ministry of Industry and Aflatoxin control programs in Malawi are implemented under the Ministry of Nationwide • Line ministries • Government Isaac Gokah Trade Industry and Trade because of the impact Aflatoxins have on groundnut • CSOs • Donors Trade Advisor export. • Implementing partners/stake Ministry of Industry and The ministry instituted a department (Malawi Program for Aflatoxin Control – holders Trade MAPAC) within the ministry that works to collaborate and coordinate all P.O. Box 30366 aflatoxin management and control activities carried out by various Capital City Lilongwe 3 implementing partners and stakeholders. For technical assistance and guidance, MAPAC closely work under the regional institution called PACA – The Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)

MAPAC MAPAC was developed due to lack of lack of national effort/coordination to Nationwide • Line ministries • Government Mphatso Dakamau mitigate aflatoxin contamination. It is a coordination and collaboration • CSOs • Donors 0999157078 mechanism among government agencies and relevant stakeholders on [email protected] aflatoxin control in Malawi. MAPAC has developed a framework aligned to PACA, which seeks to address the challenges of monitoring, managing, and mitigating aflatoxin risks in maize and groundnuts. MOAIWD MOAIWD oversees the agricultural related activities from policy level to Nationwide • MOH • Farmers Readwell Musopole recommended cultivation practices through its extension workers who cover • NASFAM • Vendors (retailers MoAIWD all districts. The Ministry is also responsible for overseeing irrigation practices • Food and and wholesalers) Cell: +265888307358 and management and water development for food security purposes Agriculture [email protected] Organization • ICRISAT • Palladium • LUANAR • Exagris Africa Limited • CISANET • Tiwalere II The Partnership for PACA provides leadership and coordination for Africa’s aflatoxin control Nationwide • Line ministries • IFAD The Partnership for Aflatoxin Aflatoxin Control in efforts, acting primarily as catalyst, facilitator, partnership and knowledge • CSOs • World Bank Control in Africa Africa (PACA) broker, project developer, and information clearinghouse. PACA also • European Union Department of Rural advocates for the establishment of enabling policies and institutions, Economy and Agriculture Regional Secretariat

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 95 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

increased investment and the mobilization of resources and, ultimately, as a • Malawi 0115517700 grant maker to support priority aflatoxin control activities government 0115182872 • USAID [email protected] • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation P.O. Box 3243 • PAEPARD Roosevelt Street Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Feed the Future AgDiv is the major USAID partner on food safety and aflatoxin management Nationwide • HC4L • USAID Carl Larkins Agriculture and control. The activity addresses issues of low incomes, dietary through radio • ONSE • Oher donors Chief of Party Diversification Project diversification and effects of climate change by improving access to better • LGAP, 0996564003 (AgDiv) (2016–2021) markets, agriculture productivity and resilience to climate change. The project Mid media in • Tiwalere II [email protected] implemented by also works to boast nutritional outcomes in the target districts as malnutrition • USAID Palladium and stunting are common. The project also aims at empowering women, key SBCC activities include; community mobilization, IPC, and mass media (newspapers, radio and TV) Malawi Bureau of The MBS is a statutory organization with a mandate to promote Nationwide • Line ministries • Government Elizabeth Kunje Standard (MBS) standardization of commodities and their manufacture, production, • CSOs • Donors 0888894418 processing, or treatment, and to further provide for matters incidental to, or [email protected] connected with standardization. The MBS mandate is to: - advance the national economy P.O. Box 156 - benefit the health, safety and welfare of the public Lilongwe - assist and protect consumers 0991772919 - facilitate domestic and international trade - further international cooperation in the field of standardization The National NASFAM is one of the critical stakeholders in aflatoxins control in Malawi. It Nationwide • Twin of the UK • Government NASFAM House Smallholder Farmers’ has a membership of around 108,000 smallholder farmers organized in clubs • International • Donors 0991770858 Association of Malawi and associations and works in collaboration with various stakeholders to Crops [email protected] (NASFAM) promote interventions aimed at managing the aflatoxin problem especially in Research the peanut value chain. Activities include: Institute for the City Center - promotion of best pre-harvest, harvest and postharvest practices Semi-Arid P.O. Box 30716 - aflatoxin awareness and training Tropics Lilongwe 3 - development of traceability systems (ICRISAT) - quality management - storage and processing

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 96 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

Utilizing “lead farmers” and a network of field officers, targeted messages have been delivered to stimulate awareness and interest in management of aflatoxin risk at the farm level. The International Crops ICRISAT undertakes scientific research for development. The Innovative Nationwide • NASFAM • McKnight Naomi Kamanga Research Institute for Communication Media and Methods (ICMM) project, funded by the McKnight Foundation [email protected] the Semi-Arid Tropics Foundation, aims to spread awareness of the link between aflatoxin 0885907687 (ICRISAT) contamination and health. A radio Listeners’ Club (16 members), meets once 0991707057/67/71 or twice a week to listen to radio programs on agriculture and health and nutrition that are aired on M’mudzi Wathu, the local community radio station. ICRISAT is building the capacity of farmers' organizations in aflatoxin quality control by training farmers’ groups and associations on appropriate handling, drying, and storage of grain, as well as setting up proper quality control systems (with low-cost aflatoxin screening kits). LUANAR Faculty of Food and Human Sciences Nationwide • MoAIWD • Various donors Lilongwe University of Department of Food Science and Technology • MAPAC Agriculture and Natural • MoH Resources Learning institutions, with main campus in Lilongwe, involved/consulted on • Tiwalere II Bunda Campus food safety and aflatoxin management, including nutrition, agriculture and • CISANET P.O. Box 219 climate change and cultivation of crops that are resilient to climate change • MBS Lilongwe 111277222/436 • Exagris Africa Limited Limbikani Matumba +265999682549 Exagris Africa Limited Exagris is involved in reducing aflatoxins in Malawi in several ways: Central region • Farmers Union • NEPAD Catherine Cornella - Collaborates to educate people on how to harvest groundnuts. of Malawi • World Economic Development Services - Offers mechanical nut-shelling devices to locals. These new methods stop • Alliance One forum Manager smallholders taking shortcuts, which can lead to raised aflatoxin levels. It • NASFAM 0888189551 improves the quality of the groundnuts and allows them to be exported, • Initiative for [email protected] increasing their value. smallholder - Has established support groups of people living with HIV on farms (sharing finance experiences and advice as well as supplying good quality seeds to help boost their nutritional status when fighting this disease). - Supplies condoms and education to farm workers to prevent HIV infections. - Established youth clubs across the farms that allow the youth to be educated in new farming techniques and the importance of forests in the

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 97 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

area. These youth groups also allow the children and teens some down time to play football and form friendships. Farmers Union of Farmers Union of Malawi (FUM) is an umbrella body of farmers and farmer Nation wide • Line ministries • Various donors Farmers Union of Malawi Malawi organizations in Malawi with a mandate to advance and safeguard the • CSOs P.O. Box 30457 interest of farmers Lilongwe, Malawi • to promote the development of strong farmers' representation in Malawi; 099750222/229 • to support strengthening of member organizations’ capacity to 0990759 576 deliver adequate service to their members; and • to advance and protect the common interest of farmers locally, Idrissa Mwale regionally and internationally 0999955500 [email protected] Consumer Association CAMA is more centered on social marketing specifically on the dangers of Nationwide • NASFAM • Consumers John Kapito of Malawi (CAMA) consuming aflatoxin contaminated foods as well as other food stuffs not • FAO (buyers of CAMA worth consuming. The institution utilizes mass media platforms namely radio • NRC processed foods) 0999367669 stations, TV, print materials as well as newspaper placements. • ICRISAT • Farmers [email protected] • Palladium • Vendors (Buyers m CAMA also uses community level discussions to engage audiences on • LUANAR and aflatoxin related issues through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and other • Exagris Africa • Sellers) community dialogue sessions Limited • FUM • CISANET • Technoserve • Tiwalere II • PAC • MOH • MOAIWD FHI 360-HC4L Works with MOH-HES to design and implement SBCC interventions on National wide • MOH-HES • Caretakers of Amos Zikusooka following eight health and development areas: MNCH, FP/RH, malaria, through mass • MOAIWD children under 5 Chief of Party nutrition, WASH, HIV/AIDS, food safety and management of aflatoxins and media and • Ministry of • Other household misuse of government resources in the health sector. Key SBCC activities targeted SBCC Trade and members Cell+265997835502 include; design and production of SBCC materials and tools, radio programs, activities in 16 Industry • Farmers [email protected] community mobilization and IPC activities that support MOH and partners to focus districts: • ONSE • Producers create demand for health services and adoption of health behaviours. • Tiwalere II • Distributors Chitipa, Karonga, • MAPAC Nkhatabay,

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 98 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

Kasungu, • AgDiv • Other cross-cutting Nkhotakota, • One audiences Lilongwe, Dowa, Community Mchinji, Salima, Ntcheu, Balaka, Zomba, Machinga, Mangochi, Chikwawa, Mulanje

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 99 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.8. Appendix 8: Misuse of Government Resources in the Health Sector Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

Ministry of Local The mission of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Nationwide • Line ministries • General Director Anti-Corruption Bureau Government and Development is to promote and develop local governance • CSOs Population Mulanje House, Rural and participatory democracy by creating an environment City Center Development conducive to socioeconomic development and the socio P.O. Box 2437, Lilongwe stability of the districts. Ministry of Local Government works Tel: 01770 166/167 hand in hand with the Local Government Accountability Fax: 01770108. Program (LGAP). For Corruption Prevention services, contact: Director or the Principal Corruption Prevention Officer [email protected] Development DAI through their Local Government Accountability Blantyre • Ministry of Local • General population Jeremy Keeton Alternatives Program (LGAP) aims to improve government performance Balaka Government and Technical Director of Integration International and transparency and increase citizen engagement and Kasungu Rural Development 099885917445 (DAI)-Local strengthen the enabling environment for decentralization in Lilongwe • District councils [email protected] Government Malawi. LGAP takes an integrated systems approach that Machinga • USAID Accountability includes providing local government employees with the Mulanje Implementing Program (LGAP) tools and skills to improve the quality of service, as well as Mzimba Partners incentivizing collaboration among local government Zomba institutions. Initiatives are district led, reinforcing ownership and accountability by local stakeholders and improving their capacity to sustain progress. Activities include; improving the government accountability systems by strengthening existing mechanisms such as community score cards and service management committees while introducing new accountability tools including public service charters and social audits. MSH - ONSE ONSE works with CHAGs and champion communities and Karonga • MOH • Health workers Helen Dzoole Mwale implements CSCs to improve accountability within the Nkhatabay • Communication for • Beneficiaries of 0999370738 health sector. They also support revitalization of HCACs to Chitipa Life public health [email protected] bridge between service providers (health Centre) and Nkhotakota • BLM services and various service users (community) Salima • Village Reach donors. Kasungu • LGAP Dowa

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 100 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Lilongwe Ntcheu Mchinji Balaka Machinga Mangochi Zomba Mulanje Chikwawa. Malawi Health MHEN is an alliance of organizations that advocate for Nationwide • Line ministries • All life stages George Jobe Equity Network health policies and systems that promote equitable and • CSOs Executive (MHEN) high-quality health care services. MHEN has a membership Director of over 50 organizations and coordinates the civil society 0999958959 platform on social accountability which meets on a quarterly [email protected] basis to share experiences and coordinate implementation of social accountability programs in the country Deloitte Deloitte, an audit firm in Malawi promotes transparency and Nationwide • Malawi Police • All life stages 0991773699 accountability in both private and public sectors. Deloitte • ACB 0991772276 works with the ACB to manage the anonymous tollfree [email protected] hotline (847) where citizens can report cases of misuse of government resources. It has several Service lines Second Floor including Tip-offs anonymous where people can call and Deloitte House (Formerly Europa provide information on misuse of government resources. House) Next to National Library When the tip leads to proper evidence the person who Capital City gives the tip is rewarded Lilongwe, Lilongwe Malawi

Parent Child Parent Child Health Initiative (PACHI), continues to Kasungu • UNICEF • All life stages Laura Munthali Health Initiative support district Bwalo forums to empower communities to Ntchisi • MHEN Project Coordinator (PACHI) identify their problems and take action through a Mchinji • HC4L 0995469022 participatory process. Bwalo forums identify issues Ntcheu • MOH [email protected] affecting their community for example lack of access to Balaka • Care Malawi health services, theft of drugs, absenteeism and engages Mangochi duty bearers to identify relevant action. Zomba

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 101 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report UNICEF UNICEF uses the Communication for Development (C4D) Nationwide • MOH • All life stages Chancy Mauluka approach, and all interventions are theoretically rooted in • Ministry of 0999651385 the socio-ecological model. Areas of focus include WASH, Information and [email protected] MNCH, FP/RH, nutrition, malaria, governance and Civic Education accountability. UNICEF also works with Ministry of • HC4L Information to mobilize Committees and uses Learning • MHEN Labs to share best practices. UNICEF also facilitated establishment of a national taskforce on social accountability.

CARE Care uses community score card (CSC) which empowers Kasungu • MOH • All life stages Tapiwa Munthali communities to identify their own problems and find Dowa • Save the Children [email protected] solutions. This also empowers them to act on issues of Ntcheu • CADECOM accountability regarding misuse of public resources. Care Rumphi • MHEN works with Health Centre Advisory Committees and Ntchisi Community Action Groups, generating evidence to inform Dedza the development of District Health Implementation plans. Chikwawa Balaka Karonga Lilongwe Kasungu Mwanza NICE NICE conducts civic education and community mobilization Nationwide • MOH • Men Gerald Chirwa through meetings, rallies, interface, trainings, workshops, • UN Women • Women 0999950218/08888695339 open days, Community Forums to raise awareness on • MEHN • Children [email protected] social accountability. • Youth • Health care workers ACB The ACB has a legal mandate to prevent corruption in Nationwide • Line ministries • Government and Anti-Corruption Bureau, P.O. Parastatal Malawi under the Corrupt Practices Act. ACB functions • CSOs various donors Box 2437, Lilongwe include: - prosecution of corrupt practices; and - IEC materials, including branded caps, pens, t-shirts, and cloth; stickers with anticorruption messages; anti- corruption brochures and leaflets; newsletters and booklets with anti-corruption messages.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 102 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report The Malawi MHRC’s mandate is to provide protection, investigation, Nationwide • The Law • Government Malawi Human Rights Human and recommendations related to human rights violations. Commission • Various donors 0991750900/958/954 Rights MHRC’s mission is to lead the protection and promotion of • Office of the 0991750943 Commission human rights, to provide access to effective remedies for Ombudsman [email protected] (MHRC) human rights grievances and to develop a culture of • National Initiative for www.hrcmalawi.org respect and responsibility for human rights by government, Civic Education its agencies, private sector institutions and all peoples in Malawi. Access to health and essential medicine is a basic Private Bag 378 | Lilongwe, human right Malawi

Catholic Relief UBALE project aims to engage local governments to Chikwawa • Line ministries and • USAID Alinane Katenga-Kaunda Services (CRS) improve their capacity to serve local communities. Focus Nsanje CSOs 0994303711 areas of project intervention include health, agriculture, rural Blantyre business development, gender equality, and local governance. The project conducts training sessions for local government committees

Tilitonse Fund Tilitonse is a multi-donor, pooled grant-making facility Nationwide • Government • General population Tilitonse Fund supporting more accountable, responsive, and inclusive • DFID P.O. Box 31238 governance in Malawi through grants to projects led by civil • Royal Norwegian Lilongwe 3 society and other like-minded interest groups. Tilitonse is in Embassy Tel: (+265) 1 770 898/897 line with the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy and • Irish Aid For queries, write to: is working with other key partners in the Government’s [email protected] Democratic Governance Sector Working Group. www.tilitonsemw.org Program outputs: - capacity of CSOs to enable citizens, particularly poor and excluded groups to claim their rights increased; - access to information on rights, entitlements, and responsibilities increased particularly of poor and excluded citizens; - monitoring by Malawian organizations of policy and budget commitments, service delivery, and public resource management strengthened; and - engagement of Malawian organizations in influencing policies, strategies, and resource allocations at local and national levels improved

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 103 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report The Civil Society The CSEC comprises of 78 civil society organizations Nationwide through • MoEST • General population Benedicto Kondowe, Executive Education (CSOs) (both national and international) and 27 district members • MHEN Director Coalition (CSEC) education networks committed to advocacy for the right to • Malawi Economic Tel: +21762212/10 quality education in Malawi. Justice Network Cell: (MEJN) +265999613751/+265888613751 Activities include: • National Democratic [email protected], -national budget monitoring of education expenditures Institute [email protected] (budget tracking and analysis); • UNFPA Website: www.csecmw.org -capacity building of CSOs in budget tracking, advocacy, • USAID research, and communication strategies; • Oxfam Great Britain -research for evidence-based advocacy, also conducts • GOM public expenditure surveys; • Parliament -policy analysis and advocacy with stakeholders, including Committee academia, parliament, and university student movements • NGO Gender to support policy reforms in education; Coordinating -community mobilization and constituency building; Network

-the right to know, the right to education; and -access to information campaign. Malawi Economic MEJN is a broad civil society coalition that campaigns for Nationwide • Government • General population Dalitso K. Kubalasa, Justice Network just, economic policies by engaging in economic literacy ministries Executive Director (MEJN) programs, budget monitoring, and lobbying on trade issues • CSOs P.O. Box 20135, Lilongwe 2 and agreements in Malawi. Tel: +265 1 770 060/Fax: +265 1 770 068 [email protected] [email protected] http://www.mejnmw.org

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 104 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.9 Appendix 9: Gender Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details

MOGCDSW The MOGCDSW is mandated to provide policy guidance for Nationwide • Line ministries, • Men Mr. Kazima women and child development services. The Ministry's • CSOs • Women 0882117968 mission is to promote social economic empowerment and • Youth 0991770 411/740/203 protection of women and children using community and 0991770 826 welfare approaches. The Ministry ensures that Malawi [email protected] becomes a nation with dignified, health, protected and [email protected] prosperous women and children. MOYDS The MOYDS provides policy direction and guidance on all Nationwide • Line ministries, • Youth Deus Lupenga matters pertaining to empowerment of Malawian youth and • CSOs [email protected] management of all sporting activities. The Ministry exists to 0991135518 coordinate, plan, implement, monitor and evaluate youth 0991788758 programs as well as develop, direct, promote and control all 0991788755 sporting activities through youth empowerment and mass participation to have healthy and productive citizens. Ministry of The Preventive Health Programmes have been effectively Nationwide • Line ministries, • All life stages Austin Makwakwa (HES) Health- designed and implemented to prevent and promote health • CSOs 0999274228 Preventive Health interventions and hence aim to reduce the burden of [email protected] Department- HES preventable, communicable and treatable diseases in Malawi. To achieve this, the Directorate of Preventive Health Services is guided by different strategic objectives through its programmes and primarily promotes community participation and involvement in the utilization of cost- effective essential FP/SRH care packages.

Campaign for CAMFED supports school feeding programs and the All secondary schools in • Ministry of • In-school AGYW Richard Chiwaula. Female provision of school bursaries in Secondary Schools through Machinga and 28 primary Education (Schools) and Boys O999757O94 Education in IPC. schools [email protected] Malawi (CAMFED)

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 105 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Chinasi Promotes gender equality and contributes towards the Machinga • MGOCDSW • Youth Simplex Chithyola Foundation improvement of quality of life of infected and affected • Communities Executive Director people, promotes gender and human rights, and improves • PLHIV 0991553773 collective participation on developmental activities on youth 0888863557 empowerment and SRH: SBCC activities: peer educators, community drama groups, community volunteers, support groups, drama groups

Catholic (Primary Justice) Improves access to justice for poor people Machinga • MOGCDSW • Men Rev Fr. Henry Saindi Commission for through improving the quality and accessibility of primary • MOH • Women 0999557601 Justice and justice systems; builds the capacity of village tribunals, • MOEST • Youth [email protected]/ Peace which should include women advisors; strengthens the [email protected] capacity of the village tribunals in documentation of cases; and ensures that more women retain land through the village tribunals. Youth Net and Works to promote gender equality through Youth Clubs, Nationwide • MOGCDSW, MOH, • Youth MacBain Mkandawire Counselling voluntary savings and loans groups, and male champions. and Ministry of • Women Email: (YONECO) Uses a GBV crisis line and GBV radio program called Education • Children macbainmkandawire@yoneco Tikuchitaponji. • Malawi Police .org.mw 0888958726 Wezzie Mtonga Email: [email protected] w 0888209615 Centre for CAVWOC supports women and girls in Malawi who Chikwawa, Chiradzulo • MOGCDSW, • Young People (10- Keltln Bolokonya Alternative for encounter rights violations and abuse by sensitizing them to Balaka • Malawi Police 24) Years Old [email protected] Victimised their rights and where to get help. By working in areas Phalombe Service Women and prone to harmful cultural practices affecting girls, CAVWOC Lilongwe • MOH 0999589463 Children strives to reduce rights’ violation cases of girls. Mulanje • MOEST (CAVWOC) Blantyre rural

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 106 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Azitona Works on issues of natural resources management, food Balaka • Ministry of Gender, • Men Duncan Mwapwesera Development security, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, gender, orphans and Health and • Women 0994321825 Services vulnerable children’s care and rehab, basic education and Education • Youth 0888363193 skills development, emergency preparedness, advocacy, 00888302254 and civic education 0999389628 [email protected] m [email protected] [email protected].

Pan African Civic Supports capacity development with women to effectively Machinga • Women • Men 0111948621 Education participate in development interventions and influence the • Communities • Women 0888644813 Network enforcement of relevant legislation and policies on women’s • Youth [email protected] participation. Provides capacity development support to [email protected] local governments on better use of public resources. m Mobilizes and develops capacity of citizens at district and community levels to demand transparency and accountability in the use of public resources. Engender Health Works on GBV on strengthening coordination of GBV Mzimba • Ministry of Gender • School going Villa Chirambo programming at the national level through strengthening of Kasunga • UN women children 0995603432 referral systems, legal responses; SBCC activities; and Blantyre • NGO • Out of school youth VChirambo@engenderhealth. community meetings with traditional leaders Chiradzulo • GCN • Traditional leaders org

8.10. Appendix 10: Youth Projects and Stakeholders in Malawi Organization Interventions/Activities Coverage Key Partners Target Audience Contact Details Type NYCOM A statutory corporation, set up to meet Malawi’s need Nationwide • MOYDS • Youth 0991761425 for more focused coordination of youth development • NAC 0991761432 programs NYCOM is the key institution working to • Southern Africa [email protected] ensure the effective implementation, coordination, and AIDS Trust evaluation of various youth development programs in • UNICEF Malawi. • United Nations Population Fund

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 107 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report WVI World Vision Malawi implements relief, development Nationwide • MOH • Children Prince Nkhata and advocacy interventions through ADCs, extension • UNICEF • Women SBCC Officer workers, community groups, HSAs, cluster supervisors, 0999481813 and awareness campaigns. World Vision also produces [email protected] various communication materials. MOYDS The MOYDS provides policy direction and guidance on Nationwide • PSI • Youth Deus Lupenga all matters pertaining to empowerment of Malawian • Goal Malawi 0991135518 youths and management of all sporting activities. The 0991788758 Ministry exists to coordinate, plan, implement, monitor 0991788755 and evaluate youth programs as well as develop, direct, [email protected] promote and control all sporting activities through youth empowerment and mass participation to have healthy and productive citizens. FPAM FPAM is a local NGO that provides comprehensive Lilongwe, Ntcheu, Dedza, • Malawi Girl Guides • Youth Ishmel Mkosi youth-friendly SRH services to young people 10-24 Kasungu Association 0888891793 years old. SRH services are provided in specially • Banja La Mtsogolo designed centers/clinics and branded as Youth Life UNFPA Centers. FPAM provides both static and community • UNICEF based SRHR services. Their main focus is on the hard • NAC to reach and underserved communities in order to • GTZ increase access to the services. • Youth Incentives.

FPAM also provides youth-friendly SRH information, education, and behavior change communication materials to young people at youth centers, and through schools. Peer educators use group discussions, theatre performances, publications and audio-visual materials produced by community reproductive health promoters to engage around good SRH practice and access to resources. The distribution of contraceptives, pregnancy testing, the diagnosis and treatment of STIs and voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS are core to FPAM’s clinic activities Campaign for CAMFED supports school feeding programs and the All secondary schools in • Ministry of • In school AGYW Richard Chiwaula. Female provision of school bursaries in secondary schools Machinga and 28 primary Education and boys O999757O94 [email protected] Education in through IPC schools (Schools) Malawi – (CAMFED)

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 108 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Chinansi Promotes gender equality and contributes towards the Machinga • Ministry Youth • Youth Simplex Chithyola Foundation improvement of the quality of life of infected and Balaka • Communities Executive Director affected people, promotes gender and human rights, Lilongwe • PLHIV 0991553773 improves collective participation on developmental 0888863557 activities; works towards youth empowerment and SRH, contributes towards realization of youth and children’s rights, and facilitates intellectual and psycho- social development. SBCC activities: Peer Educators, Community Drama Groups, Community Volunteers, Support Groups, CAGS, Drama Groups. Catholic Works on improving access to justice for poor people Machinga • Ministry of Gender, • Men Rev. Fr. Henry Saindi. Commission through improving the quality and accessibility of Health and • Women 0999556601 [email protected] for Justice and primary justice systems. Builds the capacity of village Education • Youth [email protected] Peace - CCJP tribunals, which should include women advisors. www.ecmmw.org Strengthens the capacity of the village tribunals in the documentation of cases. Ensures that more women retain land through the village tribunals. Youth Net & Works on promoting gender equality through Youth Nationwide • Ministry of Gender, • Youth MacBain Mkandawire Counselling - Clubs, voluntary savings and loans groups, male Ministry of Health • Women 0888958726 YONECO champions, and uses a GBV crisis line and GBV radio and Ministry of • Children [email protected] program called Tikuchitaponji. Education, • Malawi Police Wezzie Mtonga 0888209615 [email protected]

Livingstonia Works on youth issues through community mobilization Karonga • Ministry of Youth • Youth Waluza o881127127 Synod Aids and IPC [email protected] Program PSI PSI works in the areas of malaria, FP, HIV, diarrhea, Phalombe, Mulanje, • Ministry of Health • Youth, men and Ricky Nyaleyi pneumonia, and sanitation. PSI/Malawi’s portfolio Blantyre Chiradzulu • Ministry of Youth, women 0999952186 includes a range of products and services to include; Mangochi, Machinga Ministry of 0991711484 HIV self-testing, VMMC, water-borne disease Chikwawa Education 0991711487 prevention, malaria prevention, male condoms Mzimba (Chishango), female condoms (Care and Whisper), FP Ntchisi, Head Office & Main warehouse, Thyolo Off M1 Road, Kanengo, Area 28 Neno Plot198

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 109 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report services and products (Safe Plan), and Tunza franchise Mwanza Lilongwe P.O.Box 30132, Capital City, Lilongwe clinics. PSI use IPC. Rumphi 3, Malawi Dedza Ntcheu Community Works with youth on issues of HIV and AIDS, nutrition Mchinji • Ministry of Youth • PTA Andrew Mwanza Initiative for through radio programs, and use of community • VDC 0999142259, Social structures • Mother Groups [email protected]/cisemalawi Enhancement • Male Champions @outlook.mw • School Management Committee Mulanje Works on promoting Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Mulanje • Ministry Health, • Youth Wise Ndawa Mission Health Rights and improving access to quality YFHS • PLAN International • Men Project Officer Hospital through Youth Networks at TA level and Health Centers • Women 0999558776 0888654810

[email protected] [email protected]

Nkhota-Kota Works with youth on issues of governance and youth Nkhotakota • Plan Malawi, • Youth Andrew Masoakhumbila Youth empowerment through IPC and radio programs • Tilitose, Norad, Program Officer Organisation • Norwighian 0997142807 Government 0888591635 [email protected] through Foreign Affairs Department Foundation for Works on youth issues through community campaigns Nkhotakota • Ministry of Youth • Youth Mabvuto Jawadu Community and radio programs Program Manager and Capacity 0999196535 Development Youth Works on issues of youth empowerment through one- Salima • World relief • Youth Chifundo Taimu Empowerment to-one engagement (IPC), radio, and phones. Uses • SAT Africa Program Manager Development youth clubs and youth networks 0995521220 Initiative 0884581463 [email protected]

Ministry of Coordinates all health promotion and communication Nationwide • HC4L • All life stages Austin Makwakwa (HES) Health – across 11 priority EHP areas. This is done through • ONSE 0999274228 Preventing health awareness campaigns, message and material • Tiwalere, [email protected]

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 110 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Health Dept – development, road shows, thematic health promotion HES groups, community based integrated health promotion support groups, and promotion of activities which foster healthy behaviors. Goal Malawi- GOAL’s programming portfolio in Malawi included Nsanje, Chikwawa, Balaka, • PSI • Youth (10-35 Paul WM Armour Pamawa ndi interventions focused on improving WASH, promoting Mangochi and Machinga • Ministry of Youth years) Youth Country Director Achinyamata community health and nutrition, encouraging climate clubs 0991827083 change adaptation and climate smart agriculture, 0999963750 promoting alternative livelihoods, and strengthening [email protected] disaster risk reduction. Kumbesi Gomile. 0999006825 0884901223 [email protected]| Youth Works on increasing awareness among men, women, Machinga • Ministry of Youth • PLHIV Lamecks Kiyare. Response for boys, and girls about HIV testing and counseling, Builds • Ministry of Health • Adolescent boys 0999226558 Social Change the capacity of PLHIV in positive living, advocating for and girls (both in 0888028844 further decentralization of ART, and ART client follow- school and out of youthresponsesc@gmail up. Also promotes CSC use in tracking HIV/AIDS school) delivery through training workshops and supports • Women scaling up FP community dialogue sessions, Conducts • Sex Workers peer education sessions on FP and STI management • Men • Communities • CBOs Youth Impact Works on HIV AIDS, SRH, education projects. Machinga • Ministry of Health • PLHIV Daniel Kapichi Conducts awareness campaigns on SRH, including • Community 0884511606 HIV/AIDS. Conducts mass awareness campaigns on • Youth SRH and HIV/ AIDS through open days, out reaches, • Women sports activities, theater, and beauty pageants. Also • Children < 8 supports HIV/AIDS counselling and testing and condom distribution; provides both localized and mobile HIV testing and counseling in the district and uses IPC. Machinga Works on promoting education for women and girls and Machinga • Ministry of Health • AGYW Beatrice Chisuse women’s forum children. Fights against HIV/AIDS pandemic; fights • Ministry of Executive Director GBV; promotes commercial farming; promotes various Education 0995282333 development work. Uses IPC (in school and out of 0884465052 school clubs), ADC, and Women’s groups.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 111 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.11. Appendix 11: Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority: List of Broadcasting Licensees (2016) LICENSEE CATEGORY LOCATION STATUS Malawi Broadcasting Corporation Radio 1 Public National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 30133Blantyre 3, [email protected] 01871222/01875587 Malawi Broadcasting Corporation Radio 2 Public National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 30133, Blantyre 3 Malawi Broadcasting Corporation Television Public National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Private Bag 268, Blantyre Malawi Institute of Journalism P.O. Box 30165 Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Blantyre 3 [email protected], 01875087 Zodiak Broadcasting Station P.O. Box 31263 Private National Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Lilongwe 3 [email protected], 01762557 Joy Radio Station Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Private Bag 17, Limbe, [email protected] 01838330/01838336 Capital Radio Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Private Bag 437, Blantyre [email protected], 01820858 FM 101 Power Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Private Bag 671, Blantyre [email protected], 01841101/582/598 Star FM Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P.O. Box 31033, Blantyre 3 [email protected], 01832787/0211848222 Radio Alinafe Community of Interest Sound (Regional) Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational P O Box 631, Lilongwe [email protected], 01759971/01753255 Radio Maria Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Mangochi Operational P O Box 408, Mangochi [email protected], 01594270/01594517 Transworld Radio Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational P O Box 52, Lilongwe

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 112 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report [email protected], 01756644/642 Radio Tigabane Community of Interest Sound (Regional)-North Mzuzu Operational P O Box 252, Mzuzu Broadcaster [email protected] 01325922/01325174 Calvary Family Radio Community of Interest Sound (Regional)-South Blantyre Operational P O Box 30239, Blantyre 3 Broadcaster [email protected] 0999515007/0888515007 Living Waters Radio Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 923, Blantyre [email protected], 01864031 Radio Islam Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 51516, Limbe [email protected], 01641408 TV Islam Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 51516, Limbe [email protected], 01641408 Seventh Day Adventist Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 951, Blantyre [email protected], 01914429/01820264/01820297 Chanel for All Nations Community of Interest Sound (National) Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational P O Box 1220, Lilongwe 08888328695/0997814196 AFJ Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 1910, Blantyre 0888865610 Television Luntha Community of Interest Television (National) Broadcaster Balaka Operational P O Box 45, Balaka [email protected], 0888957819 Nkhotakota Community Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Nkhotakota Operational Private Bag 48, Nkhotakota, 0999413893 [email protected]

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 113 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Mzimba Community Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Mzimba Operational Private Bag 64, Mzimba [email protected] 01342221/0999154742/0884005008 Dzimwe Community Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Mangochi Operational Private Bag 4 Monkey Bay [email protected] Mudziwathu Community Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Mchinji Operational P O Box 207 Mchinji, 0999958959 Maziko Radio Station Private National Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational CSC complex Area 18 A, Private Bag B482 Lilongwe 3, Tel: 01797694/Fax: 01797060 [email protected] CAN TV Geographical Community Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Assemblies of God HQ Kagame Road Sheaffer Complex, Area 32 Box 1220, Lilongwe, Tel: 01762609 Cell: 0884091156 [email protected] CAN Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Assemblies of God HQ Kagame Road Sheaffer Complex, Area 32 Box 1220, Lilongwe, Tel: 01762609 Cell: 0884091156 [email protected] Galaxy Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Not operational Area 3/3028, Likuni Road Box 1514, Tel: 01755965/966/967 Cell: [email protected] Galaxy Radio, P.O. Box 1514 Private National Sound Broadcaster Operational Lilongwe, Tel:01755965 [email protected] Lilongwe African Bible College Television Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 114 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report P.O. Box 1028 Lilongwe, Tel: 01761602/Fax: 01761602 Cell: 0888836506, [email protected] Usisya Community Radio Geographical Community Broadcaster Nkhatabay Operational P.O. Box 6 Usisya, Nkhatabay 0888878977/01776499 [email protected] Gateway Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Not operational P.O. Box 199 Luchenza 0999987225/[email protected] Chancellor College Radio Geographical Community Radio Broadcaster Zomba Operational P.O. Box 280 Zomba Chancellor College Television Geographical Community Television Broadcaster Zomba Operational P.O. Box 280 Zomba Times Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P/Bag 39, Blantyre Zodiak Television Private Television (Regional) Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational P/Bag 312 Lilongwe Mwandama Radio Geographical Community Broadcaster Zomba Not operational P.O. Box 841 Zomba Nyathepa Community Geographical Community Broadcaster Nsanje Not operational Mr. GS Thandoka, 0888376424/01456286 SDA Television (Hope channel) Community of Interest National Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P O Box 951, Blantyre Timveni Television Community of Interest National Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational P.O. Box 2053 Lilongwe CCAP Blantyre Synod Radio Community of Interest National Broadcaster Blantyre Operational [email protected] 0999 274 270 [email protected] 0999 452 671/0999 841 886 CCAP Nkhoma Synod Radio Community of Interest National Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Nkhoma Synod Radio P O Box 45 Nkhoma

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 115 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report [email protected], 099 511 6038 CCAP Livingstonia Radio (Voice of Livingstonia) Community of Interest National Broadcaster Mzuzu Operational CCAP Synod Off Livingstonia Boardman Road West City Centre/Ccap Campus, 0888 767 372 Matindi Radio Private National Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P.O Box 5211 Limbe [email protected] Beyond FM Private Regional Sound (Central Region) Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Goodnews Broadcasting System Community of Interest National Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Area 17/203, Po Box1843 Lilongwe 3 01 920 633/0999 550 691/0888 990 691 BETA Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Joy Television Private Regional Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational P.O. Box 30482 Chichiri, Blantyre 3 Luso Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Franklin Phanga 0111744332, [email protected] Tele-Pursuit Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Not operational Steve Mlelemba 0999969772 Matindi Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Not operational Verson Idi, 0888841886 Ufulu Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Chipiliro Thayelo [email protected] Pentecostal Life Television Private National Television Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Dr. Kingstone Ngwira 0993880070, [email protected] Sunrise Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Not operational Allan Hendry Ngumuya

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 116 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Ngalande Village, T/A Njolomole Ntcheu Rainbow Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Omar Paison Kaisi 0999841092/[email protected] Laura Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Not operational Laurine Meke, 0995270400 [email protected] Angaliba Television Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Ahraf Saidi, 0884658152 [email protected] Television Islam Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Abdulaziz Yasin 0999861212, [email protected] Independent Television Networks Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Not operational Mc Urack Mkumba 0882748033 [email protected] Gaka FM Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Nsanje Operational Peter Mitunda, 0888120194 [email protected] Umoyo FM (Waga) Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Mangochi Operational Victor Nyanyaliwa 0882196020 [email protected] Chirundu FM Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Nkhatabay Operational Raphael Mhone [email protected] Radio Dinasour Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Karonga Operational Alexander P. Mhango 0884588817, [email protected] Neno FM Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Neno Operational Dalitso Tembo

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 117 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 0888564564, [email protected] Radio Bembeke Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Dedza Operational Michael Namalomba, 0994192691 Mzati FM Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Mulanje Operational Masauko Mkweteza 0992603910, [email protected] Likoma FM Likoma Not operational Emmanuel Saidi 0888645716, [email protected] Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Nthalire Radio Geographical Community Sound Broadcaster Chitipa Not operational Ackim Yotamu Kawonga 0888299133 Ufulu FM Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Mwandida Chilambo 0991290880, [email protected] YONECO FM Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Zomba Operational McBain Mkandawire 01526199/0888958726 Pentecostal Life FM Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Dr. Kingstone Ngwira 0993880070, [email protected] Rainbow FM Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Omar Paison Kaisi 0999841092, [email protected] Rainbow TV Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Omar Paison Kaisi 0999841092, [email protected] Angaliba Fm Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Ashraf Saidi, 0884658152, [email protected] Angaliba TV Private National Television Broadcaster Blantyre Operational Ashraf Saidi, 0884658152, [email protected] Radio Act Zomba Not operational [email protected] Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 118 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report Limbe Muslim Jamat Fm Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Blantyre Not operational Mustahab Ayami, 0888835032 [email protected] Karonga Diocese (Tuntufye FM) Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Karonga Operational Lameck Mfune, 01999865/896 [email protected]/[email protected] National Assembly Radio Community of Interest Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Not operational Sunday Mkandawire 0888395573, [email protected] Dziko FM Private National Sound Broadcaster Lilongwe Operational Zamaere, 0888858797 [email protected]

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 119 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.12 Appendix 12: Media Institutions in Malawi

Organization Interventions/Activities Key Partners Donors/Funders Contact Details

Ministry of Information and The Ministry of Information and Civic Education is mandated Line ministries and Government and Gideon Munthali Civic Education to provide policy guidance and direction on all matters various donors development 0991774568 concerning the media, access to public information, partners 0888868824 broadcasting, telecommunication, postal services, civic 0991773233 education, and information communication technology. [email protected]

Acting Director of Information Private Bag 310, Capital City Lilongwe 3

MACRA MACRA is the national regulator of ICT services in Malawi. Its Line ministries and Government and MACRA House statutory duties are to regulate the communications sector, various donors development Salmin Amour Road, Private Bag 261 ensure the provision of reliable and affordable communication partners Blantyre services, and protect the interests of consumers, among others. [email protected] http://www.macra.org.mw/ Galaxy Media This independent media organization specializes in media Line ministries and Benson Nkhoma Nsomba consulting and management by bridging the gap between various donors 018873200 various organizations and the mass media. 099551654 099213481 SSDI-Communication worked with Galaxy Media to strengthen [email protected] capacity of journalists in health reporting and to coordinate with smaller community and private radio stations in the [email protected] implementation of the Moyo ndi Mpamba campaign P.O. Box 80178 Maselema Blantyre 8

Media Council of Malawi MCM is an independent, nonprofit, non-political, and self- Line ministries and Various Prof Wiseman Chijere Chirwa (MCM)viii regulatory media professional organization with a mission to various donors development Executive Director promote professionalism in the media industry by setting partners viii The MCM and The Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) Malawi Chapter are both media institutions whose primary goal is to safeguard freedom of the media. The main difference between the two institutions lies in their vision, mission, values, and objectives. MCM is a self-regulatory body for the media in Malawi whereas NAMISA is an advocacy organization for the

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 120 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report standards in the interest of the public in Malawi. MCM’s 0999888351 primary goal is to safeguard freedom of the media. The MCM 0991752722 secretariat is responsible for the execution and full implementation of the Accreditation Policy and Press Card Media Council of Malawi Procedure. Private Bag A51 Lilongwe The Media Institute of Southern MISA Malawi, registered as the National Media Institute of OSISA Various Aubrey Chikungwa Africa (MISA) Malawi Chapter Southern Africa (NAMISA), is the local chapter of the Media Tilitonse Fund development National Director Institute of Southern Africa, a regional media NGO established partners 0997580911 to promote and defend media freedom and freedom of 0888327311 expression across southern Africa. MISA Malawi is a 0999327311 membership-based advocacy organization. MISA Malawi Onions Complex Off Chilambula Highway P.O. Box 30463 Lilongwe 3

http://www.misamalawi.org/ Association of Media Owners AMO’s objectives are to act as a catalyst for change in • Media Houses Various Alaudin Osman (AMO) promoting social transformation for economic growth and • Galaxy Media development 0999960277 democracy in Malawi; and to ensure accountability of the • SWET partners media to the public, including its common goal of protecting • MCM the public. • MISA Malawi

freedoms of the media. MCM focuses on media ethics, professional standards, promotion of media status, arbitration of cases between media and the public. NAMISA seeks to promote the free flow of information and cooperation between media workers, conduct advocacy, act on media freedom violations, conduct advocacy and facilitate news exchange.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 121 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.13 Appendix 13: Audiovisual Production Firms Firm Description Key Partners Contact Notes Mercantile International SSDI-Communication worked with Mercantile to implement Save the Children Watson Kaunde Mercantile is a good media campaigns (road shows, music festivals, production of SSDI- P.O. Box 2169, Center House Arcade partner for mass radio spots, and coordinated airing of radio spots and radio Communication 1st Floor, City Center, Capital City media activities programs on two national radio stations and 13 community and Lilongwe 3 private radio stations). Mercantile International was also tasked Tel: 01 775 817/ Fax:01 775 816 with the production and printing of several SBCC materials. As [email protected] a local private firm, Mercantile has capacity in the production of high-quality SBCC products such as radio spots, print materials, and is able to coordinate with radio stations. TV Audiovisual Solutions Ltd. Audiovisual production (film/video/TV/radio) Line ministries Maneno B. Mtawali and various Audiovisual Solutions Ltd donors Area 47, Sector 1, Plot 115 P.O. Box 1379 Lilongwe Cell: +265 888 950275/ +265 999 950275 [email protected]; [email protected]

www.avs.mw

Hub Media Group This film and video production company provides all types of +265991437818/+265995270400 media services. They also have a local TV station. Radio Applied Development and A private media consultancy organization, ADECOTS provides SSDI- P.O. Box 40104 SSDI-Communication Communication Training services in audio and video productions. Communication Blantyre 4 worked with Services (ADECOTS) - Produce audio and video SBCC programs AIATA (Aflatoxins) Tel: 0111 644 163 ADECOTS, a local - Produce audio and video documentaries DREAMS Cell: 0888208402/0999208403 production firm, to - Produce radio and television adverts Save the Children BMJ Building: Ground Floor next to produce the Moyo ndi - Develop storylines, story blocks, and scripts for radio and Yoneco Finca Old Offices Mpamba radio television drama series (soaps) Creccom program. - Monitor and evaluate ICT programs JHPIEGO Mercy Simbi - Develop and produce policy roundtable debates/discussion Center for Human [email protected] The producers and programs Rights Education presenters are - Produce talk shows experienced and they - Establish radio listening clubs have built a large

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 122 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report following and generated appeal among young people. Center for Development Nonprofit media and communications NGO that provides the Line ministries Charles Simbi Partner has capacity Communications following services: and various [email protected] for specialized tasks, - Develop messages for communication programs donors particularly radio - Produces radio and television programs Fred Yiwombe production and - develops comic books, leaflets, and easy-to-read low literacy [email protected] illustrated print prints materials. - Develops jingles, spots, vignettes, and public service announcements

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 123 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report 8.14 Appendix 14: Relevant Policy and Strategic Documents

No. Document Title Responsible Min/Dept. Comments

1. HSSP 2011–2016 MOH 2. The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (2011–2016) Ministry of Finance and Development Planning SBCC Policy and Strategic Documents 3. NHCS 2015–2020 MOH-HES 4. Health Promotion Policy (2013) MOH-HES Developed primarily to guide coordination of health promotion interventions and activities SRH and FP Policies 5. National Population Policy (2012) MOH, RHD 6. National Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Strategy MOH, RHD (2011–2016) 7. National Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Policy (2009) MOH, RHD Provides a rights-based framework for the promotion of SRH 8. Malawi Family Planning Costed Implementation Plan (2016–2020) MOH, RHD Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health policy and Strategic documents 9. Road Map for Accelerating the Reduction of Maternal and Newborn UNICEF Morbidity and Mortality in Malawi (2011–2016) 10. Child Health Strategy for Survival and Health Development of UNICEF Under-Five Children in Malawi (2014–2020) Malaria Policy and Strategic Documents 11. National Malaria Strategic Plan (2011–2016) MOH, NMCP 12. National Malaria Communication Strategy (2015–2020) MOH, NMCP Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 13. National Sanitation Policy (2008) MOAIWD 14. National Water Policy (2005) MOAIWD 15. Open Defecation Free Malawi Strategy (2011–2015) MOAIWD

Nutrition 16. National Nutrition Policy and Strategic Plan (2007–2012) MOH, DNHA 17. National Nutrition Education and Communication Strategy (2011– MOH, DNHA 2016)ix ix The DNHA is currently developing an updated Nutrition Communication Plan for 2016 – not yet finalized.

Health-SBCC/Health Communication for Life Page 124 of 129 Malawi SBCC Stakeholder Mapping Report HIV and AIDS 18. National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS (2015–2020) NAC Aflatoxins 19. Aflatoxins Communication and Awareness Strategy MAPAC Provides a step-by-step plan through which sustainable awareness creation, advocacy, and skills development (training) on aflatoxin mitigation could be rolled out by stakeholders in Malawi Youth 20. Strategic Plan for National Youth Council of Malawi (2015–2020) NYCOM 21. National Youth Friendly Health Services Strategy (2015–2020) MOH, RHD Gender 22. The Gender and HIV Implementation Plan (2016–2020) MOGCDSW Developed to operationalize the gender aspects of the National HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan (2015–2020), which are aligned to UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets 23. National Plan of Action to Combat Gender-Based Violence in MOGCDSW Malawi (2014–2020) 24. National Gender Policy (2012–2017) MOGCDSW Purpose is to mainstream gender in the national development process to enhance the participation of women and men, girls, and boys for sustainable development and poverty eradication 25. Joint Sector Strategic Plan of the Gender, Children, Youth, and MOGCDSW Developed to guide sectors that have a mandate over issues Sports Sector Working Group related to women, children, and youth. Proposes strategic actions related to economic empowerment, GBV, and HIV, among others 26. Gender Budgeting Guidelines (2005) MOGCDSW 27. Gender Mainstreaming Guidelines (2005) MOGCDSW Expected that the guidelines can inspire sectors to develop their own gender mainstreaming guidelines, which in practice has not adequately been achieved 28. The Gender Equality Act (2013) 29. Gender Equality Act Implementation Plan (2016–2020) MOGCDSW Aims to reach out to the vulnerable and promote gender equality in all sectors of society Education 30. National Education Sector Plan (2008–2017) MOEST 31. Roles and Responsibilities of Departments and Institutions Involved MOEST Clarifies the roles and responsibilities of the departments and in Initial Training, Continuous Professional Development and institutions of the MOEST Management of Primary School Teachers (2012) Advocacy 32. Health Budget Advocacy; A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi Futures Group (under the Health Policy Project)

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1 http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/malawi-population/ downloaded on Dec 4, 2017 2 Rudner, N. 2011. German Financial Cooperation with Malawi SWAp II and Result Based Financing (RBF) Study on the Alignment of Financial Mechanisms, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau. 3 Lockwood, H. & Kang, M (2012). Closing the Gap: WASH Sector Devolution and Decentralization in Malawi. IRC International Water and Sanitation Center. EWB (Canada). 4 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 5 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 6 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 7 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 8 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 9 Munasinghe, S. and van den Broek, N. 2006. Anaemia In Pregnancy in Malawi- A Review. Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi. 18(4), 160–174. 10 Munasinghe, S. and van den Broek, N. 2006. Anaemia In Pregnancy in Malawi- A Review. Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi. 18(4), 160–174. 11 Shulman, C.E. and Dorman, E.K. 2003. Importance and Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene. 97(1) 30-35. 12 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and ICF. 2018. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Lilongwe, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMCP and ICF. 13 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and ICF. 2018. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Lilongwe, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMCP and ICF. 14 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 15 WHO African Health Observatory. 2010. Health Situation Analysis: Malawi. Available at: http://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Malawi. 16 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 17 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 18 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 19 UNICEF. Malawi country report. 20 Feed the Future. 2017. Malawi Country Profile. Retrieved from: https://www.feedthefuture.gov/country/malawi. 21 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 22 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and ICF. 2018. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Lilongwe, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMCP and ICF. 23 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and ICF. 2018. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Lilongwe, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMCP and ICF. 24 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and ICF. 2018. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Lilongwe, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMCP and ICF.

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25 Chibwana, A.I., Mathanga, D.P., Chinkhumba, J., & Campbell, C.H. 2009. Socio-cultural predictors of health-seeking behaviour for febrile under-five children in Mwanza-Neno district, Malawi. Malaria Journal. 8(219). 26 Ewing, Victoria L., Rachel Tolhurst, Andrew Kapinda, Esther Richards, Dianne J. Terlouw, and David G. Lalloo. 2016. “Increasing Understanding of the Relationship between Geographic Access and Gendered Decision-Making Power for Treatment-Seeking for Febrile Children in the Chikwawa District of Malawi.” Malaria Journal 15 (1). BioMed Central Ltd.: 1–10. doi:10.1186/s12936-016- 1559-0. 27 Chibwana, A.I., Mathanga, D.P., Chinkhumba, J., & Campbell, C.H. 2009. Socio-cultural predictors of health-seeking behaviour for febrile under-five children in Mwanza-Neno district, Malawi. Malaria Journal. 8(219). 28 Ewing, Victoria L., Rachel Tolhurst, Andrew Kapinda, Esther Richards, Dianne J. Terlouw, and David G. Lalloo. 2016. “Increasing Understanding of the Relationship between Geographic Access and Gendered Decision-Making Power for Treatment-Seeking for Febrile Children in the Chikwawa District of Malawi.” Malaria Journal 15 (1). BioMed Central Ltd.: 1–10. doi:10.1186/s12936-016- 1559-0. 29 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 30 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 31 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 32 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 33 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 34 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 35 Pillitteri, SP. 2011. School Menstrual Hygiene Management in Malawi: More than Toilets. WaterAid, Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity (SHARE) 36 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 37 Kaphagawani, N. C., & Kalipeni, E. (2017). Sociocultural factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Zomba district, Malawi. Global Public Health, 12(6), 694-710. 38 Hindin, M. J., McGough, L. J., & Adanu, R. M. (2014). Misperceptions, misinformation and myths about modern contraceptive use in Ghana. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 40(1), 30-35. 39 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 40 Family Planning 2020. Malawi Actions for Acceleration. Retrieved from: www.familyplanning2020.org/entities/69 41 UNAIDS. 2018. Malawi | Country report. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/malawi 42 UNAIDS. 2018. Malawi | Country report. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/malawi 43 UNAIDS. 2018. Malawi | Country report. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/malawi 44 National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi] and ICF. 2017. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Zomba, Malawi, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. NSO and ICF. 45 UNAIDS. 2018. Malawi | Country report. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/malawi 46 Ministry of Health, Malawi. 2015. Malawi AIDS Response Progress Report

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47 Ministry of Health. 2015. National Youth Friendly Health Services Strategy: 2015-2020. Lilongwe: MoH 48 Conroy, A. A. 2014. Gender, power, and intimate partner violence: a study on couples from rural Malawi. Journal of interpersonal violence, 29(5), 866-888. 49 Nyondo, A. L., Chimwaza, A. F., & Muula, A. S. 2014. Stakeholders’ perceptions on factors influencing male involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV services in Blantyre, Malawi. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 691. 50 Soko, M., Gokah, I. & Kauma, B. 2014. Malawi programme for aflatoxin control. MAPAC. 51 Kumar, P., Mahato, D. K., Kamle, M., Mohanta, T. K., & Kang, S. G. 2017. Aflatoxins: a global concern for food safety, human health and their management. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 2170. 52 ICRISAT. 2016. How to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnuts and Maize A Guide for Extension Workers. Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 24 pp. 53 Msoma, Aulive; Thompson, Gretchen; Lenzi, Rachel; Grey, Tom; Eley, Natalie; Garcia-Grandon, Daniela; Hoyt, Alexis. 2018. Formative Research Report: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to Foodborne Illnesses and Food Safety. Report prepared for United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington D.C. 54 Msoma, Aulive; Thompson, Gretchen; Lenzi, Rachel; Grey, Tom; Eley, Natalie; Garcia-Grandon, Daniela; Hoyt, Alexis. 2018. Formative Research Report: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to Foodborne Illnesses and Food Safety. Report prepared for United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington D.C. 55 Health Communication for Life. 2018. Formative Research Report: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to Efficient Use of Government Resources in Malawi 56 Health Communication for Life. 2018. Formative Research Report: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to Efficient Use of Government Resources in Malawi 57 Health Communication for Life. 2018. Formative Research Report: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to Efficient Use of Government Resources in Malawi 58 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre. 59 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 60 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 61 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 62 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 63 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 64 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 65 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 66 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 67 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 68 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 69 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre 70 Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority. 2015. “National Survey on Access to and Usage of ICT Services in Malawi.” Blantyre

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