PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016
SYMBOLS, METAPHORS AND PERSONIFICATIONS IN OWL CITY‘S SONG LYRICS BASED ON PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Krisna Tankaruba Program Study Sastra Inggris STIBA Nusa Mandiri Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 39 Ciputat
ABSTRACT
Music and song have become a part of people‘s lifestyle that cannot be separated. Song is a combination of words composition, that has meanings and arranged beautifully, and melody. Personality of a songwriter can be seen in his or her song. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze personality of Owl City through the elements such as symbols, metaphors, and personifications in his songs. The writer uses qualitative descriptive method to collect data and references that related to the topic. Some symbols, metaphors, and personifications are found in two song lyrics of Owl City. One symbol in Fireflies song is —fireflies“, which symbolize inspiration. —Misty eyes“ in Fireflies lyric is categorized as metaphor. In second song, Vanilla Twilight, the writer found three personifications, one of those is —The stars lean down to kiss you.“ Based on psychology perspective, each elements shows the personality of songwriter. Keywords: Owl City‘s Songs, Symbol, Metaphor, Personification, Psychological Perspective
I. INTRODUCTION more character and events. In the other hand, Literature is a term used to describe lyric poetry is a genre of poetry that does not written or spoken materials. It represents a attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more language or people: culture and tradition. But, personal nature. Rather than depicting literature is more important than just a characters and actions, it portrays the poet's historical or cultural artifact. The literature own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions. introduces people to new worlds of Song is categorized as lyric poetry. experience. Broadly speaking, literature is Song is a combination of beautiful melody used to describe anything from creative and lyric. Song does not tell a story which writing to more technical or scientific works, portrays characters and actions. The but the term is most commonly used to refer songwriter addresses the reader directly, to works of the creative imagination, portraying his or her own feeling, state of including works of drama, fiction, non-fiction, mind, and perceptions. In order to make the and poetry. Drama is a prose or verse song interesting and express the songwriter‘s composition that intended to represent by feeling, there are elements or substances actors impersonating the characters and which support the song, such as symbol, performing the dialogue and action. Fiction is metaphors, simile, personification, rhyme, and a branch of literature which deals in part or in so on. By using these substances, song whole temporally contra factual events stimulates a listener, or a reader, to imagine (events that are not true at the time of the songwriter‘s feeling and attracts attention writing). In contrast to this is non-fiction, of the listener. A great song is the song that which deals exclusively in factual events can deliver the songwriter‘s feeling and affect (e.g.: biographies, histories). Poetry is a form the listener. of literary art in which language is used for its In the writer‘s opinion, Owl City has aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition some of great songs. Owl City is an American to, or a substitute of, its apparent meaning. electronica musical project by singer- According to DiYanni (2000: 409) songwriter (soloist) and multi-instrumentalist —poetry can be classified as narrative or lyric.“ Adam Young formed in 2007 in Owatonna, DiYanni tends to say that there are two types Minnesota. Owl City‘s songs are easy of poetry; narrative poetry and lyric poetry. listening. The melody is lovely and the lyrics Narrative poetry is a genre of poetry that tells are simple yet very beautiful. By using some a story. The story may be short, long, elements in the lyrics, the songs not only exciting, funny or sad. In narrative poetry, the represent and express the songwriter‘s feeling poets use various forms, rhyme schemes and very well but also affect the mood of the rhymes to present a story involving one or listener in a good way.
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There are some elements that can be through composed words. Poetry uses forms analyzed in poetry, such as symbol, metaphor, to suggest differential interpretation to words, simile, personification, rhyme, voice and tone, or to evoke emotional responses. diction, imagery, theme, etc. Here, the writer Pierce (2011: 16) explains that will discuss symbol, metaphor, and —poetry is a careful, inventive, or creative personification in Owl City‘s songs. Symbol, consideration of words written in order to metaphor, and personification help a convey some thought as a literary songwriter to express and represent his feeling composition. Usually, but not always, the through lyrics in unique ways. Symbolism is words written are designed to evoke the way of representing things by symbols, or emotion.“ It means that poetry is part of of investing things with a symbolic meaning literature where some thought are conveyed or character. A symbol is —any object or by creative consideration of words which action that means more than itself, any object usually designed to evoke emotion. or action that represents something beyond Henderson, Day, and Waller (2006: itself“ (DiYanni, 2000: 442). Metaphor is the 12) state that —unlike essays and short stories, expression of an understanding of one concept poems are written in verse. Their primary in terms of another concept, where there is units are lines and stanzas rather than some similarity or correlation between the sentences and paragraphs.“ The statement two. Personification is a figure of speech that means that poem is different from essay and gives human characteristics to inanimate short story because it is written in verse and objects. The writer also interested in extrinsic its primary units are lines and stanzas. element of five Owl City‘s song and going to DiYanni (2004:524) said —more than analyze it in psychological perspective. fiction, poetry is an art of condensation and DiYanni (2004: 1363) said that implication; poems concentrate meaning and psychological criticism approaches a distill feeling.“ It is said that poetry is an art work of literature as a revelation of its of condensation which concentrate meaning author‘s mind and personality. Psychological and feeling. critics see literary works as intimately linked Other explanations of poetry that the with their author‘s mental and emotional writer took from Wainwraight (2004: 3) who characteristics. Critics who employ a explains that poetry is not really a peculiar, psychological perspective do so to explain demarcated zone out of mainstream of how a literary work reflects its writer‘s language-use, but that language is inevitably consciousness and mental world, and they use and intrinsically ”poetic‘ in the qualities that what they know of writer‘s lives to explain I‘m calling gestural. However, historically, features of their work. these qualities have been highlighted and Inspired by these, the writer takes formalized for particular uses and occasions. Symbols, Metaphors And Personifications Poetry is a form of special attention and one in Owl City‘s Song Lyrics Based on that calls unusual attention to the way it is Psychological Perspective as the title form. It means that poetry is not a special or Statement of Problems weird words that out of mainstream. It is just Based on the title above, the writer would like simply has poetic qualities that inevitable, yet to analyze the following problems: these qualities have been formalized for particular occasions. 1. How is psychology aspect of the Based on the theories above, the songwriter reflected in his song lyrics writer concludes that poetry is a form of through symbols, metaphors, and literature where a collection of words personifications? arranged in such a way so that the feelings 2. What are the implied meanings conveyed that are in these words can be conveyed to by symbols, metaphors, personifications evoke emotion. The words are not really in five lyrics of Owl City‘s songs? peculiar, but inevitably and intrinsically 3. What messages can people get from Owl poetic in the qualities because it contains the City based on psychological perspective? essence of feeling. It is written in verse and its primary units are lines and stanzas. II. THEORETICAL REVIEW B. Lyric Poetry A. Poetry Poetry is one of the most popular Etymologically, poetry comes from forms of literature all over the world. Poetry Greek; poesis, which means —making“. Poetry has some types or genre. One of them is lyric is a form of literature that expresses or reveals poetry. Lyric poetry is the most common form the poet's thoughts and feelings imaginatively of poetry; it does not tell a story as the epic
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PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016 and narrative forms do; the lyric poem has songs that are heard frequently on the radio. grown into many forms since ancient times. With the exception of the hymn and chant, According to DiYanni (2004: 409) most songs do not achieve the level of true —poetry can be classified as narrative or lyric.“ poetry, even though they employ some poetic DiYanni tends to say that there are two types devices. The words to songs are often of poetry; narrative poetry and lyric poetry. inaccurately referred to as —lyrics.“ The entire DiYanni also add that —Narrative poems, for song is the lyric. It means that lyric poetry has example, tell stories & describe actions; lyric many subdivisions. Song, especially the poems combine speech and song to express popular one, is a form of lyric poetry. It feeling in varying degrees of verbal music.“ It employs poetic devices. means that narrative poetry is a genre of From the theories above, the writer poetry that tells a story, while lyric poetry is a makes conclusion that lyric poetry is a genre genre of poetry that does not attempt to tell a of poetry that combine speech and song, or a story but instead is of a more personal nature highly musical verse, to expresses personal that portrays the poet‘s feeling. and emotional feelings. It does not attempt to Gillespie, Fonseca, and Sanger tell a story. It focuses on speaker‘s response to (1994: 990) said that —a lyric poem is usually a single object, situation, or person, and it is a short composition depicting the speaker‘s usually effective in arousing personal deepest emotions and feelings. Lyric poems participation of readers and in stirring their are especially effective in arousing personal sensations, feelings, and emotions. Song is a participation of readers and in stirring their form of lyric poetry. sensations, feelings, and emotions. Songs, C. Symbol elegies, odes, and sonnet fall into this Symbol is one of element that is category.“ The statement means that lyric usually used in poetry. Often poems will poetry is a short composition of poetry that convey ideas and thoughts using symbols. A depicts the speaker‘s emotions and feeling, symbol can stand for many things at one time which effective in arousing and stirring and leads the reader out of a systematic and readers‘ sensations, feelings, and emotions. structured method of looking at things. Often Song is one of this category. a symbol used in the poem will be used to Henderson, Day, and Waller (2006: create such an effect. 12) state that —usually short and often songlike DiYanni (2004: 442) said that —a in their rhythms, lyric poems lack plots. They symbol is any object or action that means focus not on a sequence of related events more than itself, any object or action that reading from conflict to climax but on a represents something beyond itself. A rose, speaker‘s response to a single event, object, for example, can represent beauty of love or situation, or person.“ It means that lyric transience.“ It means that symbol is an object, poetry is a type of poetry that focuses on place, being, or anything that operate on two speaker‘s response to a single object, separate levels of meaning. A symbol operates situation, or person. That is why it lacks of on one level as the thing described literally, plot and more into songlike in its rhythms. but it also operates on a different, higher plane Higgins (2011: 1) gives another of meaning in what it suggests, represents, or explanation about lyric that said —lyric, a stands for. verse or poem that is, or supposedly is, Fowler (2002: 332) states that susceptible of being sung to the —symbol is an object which serves the rational accompaniment of a musical instrument (in idea as a substitute for logical presentation, ancient times, usually a lyre) or that expresses but with the proper function of animating the intense personal emotion in a manner mind by opening out for it a prospect into a suggestive of a song. Lyric poetry expresses field of kindred representations.“ The the thoughts and feelings of the poet and is statement means that symbol is an object that sometimes contrasted with narrative poetry serves the rational idea as a substitute for and verse drama, which relate events in the logical presentation in a proper function of form of a story.“ The explanation means that animating the mind. lyric poetry is a verse or poem that expresses According to Henderson, Day, and personal emotion in a manner of suggestive Waller (2006: 17) —a symbol is an image used song. It is different with narrative poetry in such a way that it comes to mean more than which is more related to the form of story. it ordinary would. A symbol, however, must Grimes (2007: 1) tells that there are be distinguished from a sign. A sign is a word many subdivisions of lyric poetry. The or image that exactly corresponds to a weakest form is the song, especially popular particular meaning beyond itself. The
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PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016 meaning of symbol is far less definite.“ It is made to stand in for another thing.“ The explains that symbol is something that is used statement means that metaphor suggest in such a way so that it has more meaning literally that one thing is something else than it ordinary would. The meaning of which it clearly is not in reality. symbol is far less definite than a sign. According to Knowles and Moon Knowles and Moon (2006: 129) state (2006: 3) —…when we talk about metaphor, —in literature, symbols employed by the we mean the use of language to refer to writers can sometimes be private or personal, something other than what it was originally and this can be pose problem for the reader in applied to, or what it ”literary‘ means, in order the interpretation of what the writer actually to resemblance or make a connection between means.“ The statement means that sometimes two things.“ It means that metaphor is a use of in literature, a symbol might be private or language to refer something other than what it have personal meaning so that it is not easy to literary means in order to make a connection interpret the meaning of the symbol. between the two things. Another explanation about symbol From the theories above, the writer comes from Perrine (1988: 586) that said the concludes that metaphor is a figurative speech symbol is the richest and at the same time the where one thing is used to describe another most difficult of the poetic figures. Both its thing, in the process bringing out the richness and its difficulty result from its similarity between the two things. Sometimes imprecision. Although the poet may pin down metaphor is a surprising effect as we would the meaning of a symbol to something fairly not normally think of two things together or definite and precise, more often the symbol is even as being similar. so general in its meaning that it can suggest a E. Personification great variety of specific meanings. Personification is one of figurative The statement means that symbol is language that is usually used in poetry, which the richest and the most difficult of the poetic inanimate objects or abstractions are provided figures. Those are the result of its imprecision with human qualities or are represented as because symbol is so general in its meaning possessing human forms. In other words: that can suggest a great variety of specific giving something a human-like quality or meanings. Based on the theories above, the ability to something that is not human. writer concludes that symbol is any object or Personification gives writing a bit more of an action that represents or works in two ways: it unrealistic turn, to give life to objects, to is something itself, and it also suggests make a sort of fiction or any literary works something deeper than itself. Sometimes, more alive. symbol might be private or have personal Eidenmuller (2011: 1) said that meaning so that it is not easy to interpret the —personification is figure which represents meaning of the symbol. That makes symbol to abstractions or inanimate objects with human be the richest and the most difficult of the qualities, including physical, emotional, and poetic figures. spiritual; the application of human attributes D. Metaphor or abilities to nonhuman entities.“ It means Metaphor is a figurative language, that personification is a figure that represents one element of poetry that compares two an inanimate object with human attributes or unlike things. A metaphor is a method of qualities. comparison where the words 'like' and 'as' are According to Perrine (1988: 568) not used. —personification consists in giving the Hebron (2004: 148) said that attributes of a human being to an animal, an —metaphor is a figure of speech or trope in object, or a concept.“ Perrine tends to say that which a word is used in a sense different from personification consists of giving human its usual one, in order to stand for another attributes like emotion, feeling, and physical idea. Used to form striking comparisons thing that human does to an animal, an object, between two unlike things to bring out or a concept. something they have in common.“ It means Dodson (2008: 49-50) said that that metaphor is a figure of speech that is used —…the purpose of personification from the to form comparisons between two unlike time of Aristotle to today–it communicates things to bring out something they have in in a way like no other in order to decorate or common. amplify, to educate or clarify, to motivate or Punter (2007: 2) state that manipulate, to expose the cause or to deflect —metaphor; a process, to use the common attention away from an insufficient system– definition of all, by means of which one thing and possibly the combination of above.“ It
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PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016 means that personification communicates accounting of the psychic apparatus differently. It can decorate or amplify, educate (especially the unconscious) and a theory of or clarify, motive or manipulate, and the the mind and human psychic development.“ It combination of them. means that psychoanalysis analyze the Based on the theories that mentioned systematic accounting of unconscious and the above, the writer concludes that theory of mind and human psychic personification is a figurative language which development. represents attributes or traits of human to Schmitz (2007: 198) said that —Freud inanimate objects, abstract ideas, or himself said repeatedly that literary texts are impersonal beings. Personification connects analogous to dreams. Thus, a psychoanalytic readers with the object that is personified. interpretation of a text takes as its starting Personification can make descriptions of non- point that a deeper, unconscious, and —true“ human entities more vivid, or can help readers meaning lies hidden beneath the text‘s visible understand, sympathize with, or react surface and that interpretation consists in emotionally to non-human characters. It uncovering this deeper meaning.“ It means heightens a reader's emotional response. that Freud analogous literary works or texts as F. Psychological Perspective a dream. The true or hidden meaning of a In literary criticism some critics have literary works lies on the surface of the text, abandoned the formalistic/aesthetic approach and the psychoanalytic interpretation consists because of their limitations and inadequacies in uncovering this meaning. in coming to terms with the major concerns of Habib (2005: 572) states that Freud‘s modern literature. Modern literature tends to own literary analyses tend to apply his models be more exploratory and didactic. The of dream interpretation to literary texts, emphasis is more on character and motivation viewing the latter as expressions of wish than on form and structure. One of critics that fulfillment and gratifying projections of the suitable for modern literature is psychological ego of an author. Subsequent psychologists criticism. Psychological critics view works and literary critics, developing Freud‘s ideas, through the lens of psychology. have extended the field of psychoanalytic DiYanni (2004: 1363) said that criticism to encompass: analysis of the psychological criticism approaches a work of motives of an author, of readers and fictional literature as a revelation of its author‘s mind characters, relating a text to features of the and personality. Psychological critics see author‘s biography such as childhood literary works as intimately linked with their memories, relationship to parents; the nature author‘s mental and emotional characteristics. of the creative process; the psychology of Critics who employ a psychological reader‘s responses to literary texts; perspective do so to explain how a literary interpretation of symbols in a text, to unearth work reflects its writer‘s consciousness and latent meanings; analysis of the connections mental world, and they use what they know of between various authors in a literary tradition; writer‘s lives to explain features of their work. examination of gender roles and stereotypes; The statement means that and the functioning of language in the psychological criticism works to reveal the constitution of the conscious and unconscious. personality or author‘s mind trough the The statement means that psychoanalysis author‘s literary works because it sees literary critic analyzes the literary works by applying works as intimately linked with their author‘s Freud‘s models of dream interpretation to mental and emotional characteristics. literary texts, viewing it as expression or The most popular and the most projections of the ego of an author. It can frequently use of psychological criticism is analyze of the motives of an author, Sigmund Freud (1856 -1939) theory. Freud interpretation of symbols in a text, was a Jewish Austrian neurologist who examination of gender roles and stereotypes, founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. and so on. —Sigmund Freud invented psychoanalysis Based on the theories above, the with the publication of The Interpretation of writer makes a conclusion that psychological Dream in 1901. The book was revolutionary perspective is one of literary criticism that because it broke with the tradition in works to reveal the personality or author‘s psychology that assumed that what goes on mind trough the author‘s literary works mind is limited to what happens in because it sees literary works as intimately consciousness.“ Ryan (2007: 93). linked with their author‘s mental and According to Castle (2007: 163) emotional characteristics. One of the most —psychoanalysis offers a systematic popular is psychoanalysis which is invented
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PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016 by Sigmund Freud. Freud‘s own literary component of personality that is responsible analyses tend to apply his models of dream for dealing with reality. The ego develops interpretation to literary texts, viewing the from the id and ensures that the impulses of words as expressions of wish fulfillment and the id can be expressed in acceptable manner gratifying projections of the ego of an author. in the real world. 1. Sigmund Freud‘s Theory Superego According to Ryan (2007: 94) Glanville (2011: 1) said —the last —Freud divided the mind initially into the component of personality to develop is the conscious and the unconscious. Later, he superego. The superego is the aspect of proposed a new topography of ego, super ego, personality that holds all of our internalized and id.“ Freud divided the mind into two moral standards and ideals that we acquire parts; conscious and unconscious. There are from both parents and society--our sense of also id, ego, and super ego as mental structure right and wrong. The superego provides of individual. guidelines for making judgments.“ Superego Conscious is the component of personality composed of Cherry (2008: 1) said that —in human internalized ideals that human have Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of acquired from their parents and from society. personality, the conscious mind consists of The superego works to suppress the urges of everything inside of our awareness. This is the the id and tries to make the ego behave aspect of our mental processing that we can morally, rather than realistically. think and talk about in a rational way. The DiYanni (2004: 1364) said conscious mind includes such things as the —according to Freud, the unconscious harbors sensations, perceptions, memories, feeling and forbidden wishes and desires that is in conflict fantasies inside of our current awareness.“ with an individual‘s or society‘s moral Conscious is a part of the human mind that is standards. Freud explain that although aware of a person's self, environment, and individual represses or ”censors‘ these mental activity and that to a certain extent unconscious fantasies and desires, they determines his or her choices of action. become ”displaced‘ or distorted in dreams and Unconscious other form fantasy, which serve to disguise The unconscious mind is a reservoir their real meaning.“ It means that the of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories unconscious contains secret wishes and that outside of our conscious awareness. desires (id) which is have a conflict with —Most of the contents of the unconscious are moral standards and ideals that acquired from unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings individual‘s parents and society (superego). of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Even the individual represses (ego) these Freud, the unconscious continues to influence unconscious desires, they become displaced in our behavior and experience, even though we a dream and other form fantasy, including are unaware of these underlying influences.“ literary works, which serve to disguise the Cherry (2008: 1). real meaning. Id Glanville (2011: 1) said that III. METHOD OF RESEARCH —according to Freud, the Id directs basic drive a. Method instincts. It is unorganized and seeks to obtain This research uses a descriptive pleasure, or avoid pain, at times when qualitative method because it describes a increased arousal of tension takes place. It is situation systematically or area of not in the conscious realm and thus its interest factually and accurately, the awakening and input is typically overlooked writer also uses theories related to the at a conscious level.“ The id is the only topic. component of personality that is present from b. Data Source birth. This aspect of personality is entirely This research studies five Owl City‘s unconscious and includes of the instinctive songs and focuses on symbols, and primitive behaviors. metaphors, and personifications based Ego on psychological perspective. Glanville (2011: 1) said —ego, says c. Data Collection Freud, —attempts to mediate between id and In this research, the writer uses the reality“. The ego comprises organized secondary source, that is documents to structure of one‘s personality. In other words, support the descriptive method. There the great majority of the ego‘s operative are steps that the writer takes to analyze duties are at a conscious level.“ Ego is the the data:
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1. Collecting references and theories about he wants feels half asleep and see what is literature, poetry, symbol, metaphor, going on around him. personification, and the other I got misty eyes as they said farewell 33 information to support its paper. The writer considers line 33 as a 2. Relating the data into symbols, metaphor. Literary, eyes cannot be misty. metaphors, and personifications that Mist is a phenomenon of small droplets found in Owl City‘s song lyrics. suspended in air. It can occur as part of d. Data Analysis natural weather or volcanic activity. This The data analysis is the process of condition is compared to people eyes when identifying and classifying the data. As they are about to cry. The vision got blurred. mentioned earlier, the main objective of this In this metaphor, the author tends to say that research is to analyze symbols, metaphors, he is sad because he has to say goodbye and personification based on psychological c. Personification perspective with the theory from DiYanni (2004). 'Cause they'd fill the open air 4 For these reasons, there are several And leave teardrops everywhere 5 steps taken in analyzing the data. The first is ”They‘ in line four refer to fireflies. listening to the five Owl City‘s songs and In the next line, the writer wrote that ”they‘ reads the lyrics to know and understand the leave teardrops everywhere. It means that the songs. The second is to relate the data into fireflies are crying. Literary, fireflies cannot symbols, metaphors, and personifications cry. The author personifies the fireflies. which are found in Owl City‘s song lyrics. Usually, cry and teardrop represent sadness. But based on the content in this lyric, the IV. RESEARCH AND FINDING writer considers it as joy. —Cause they‘d fill This paper focuses on analysis on the the open air and leave teardrops everywhere“ data which are already collected. The data implies that inspirations make the author analyzed in this research are symbols, happy. metaphors, and personifications found in two Owl City‘s lyrics, Fireflies and Vanilla 'Cause I'd get a thousand hugs 13 Twilight. From ten thousand lightning bugs 14 1. Fireflies As they tried to teach me how to dance 15 a. Symbols If ten million fireflies 2 In line 13 and 14, the author wrote Lit up the world as I fell asleep 3 that he would get a thousand hug from ten thousand lightning bugs as they tried to teach Fireflies in this lyric are symbol. him how to dance. These lines are clearly According to Venefica (2011: 2) —firefly is personification because literary, lightning symbolization of inspiration“. Fireflies in the bugs cannot hug and teach. The author second line represent inspiration. People say personifies lightning bugs, or fireflies, as they that a light bulb suddenly turned on when they can hug and teach him how to dance. The have a brilliant idea. That is why fireflies lightning bugs hug and teach the author how symbolize inspiration or idea. It glows in the to dance implies that the author got inspiration dark, just like a light bulb that suddenly which makes him creative. turned on in the dark. —Ten million fireflies lit up the world as I fell asleep“ implies that the d. Psychological Perspective author got inspirations by a dream while he was sleeping. In Fireflies song, the writer interprets that the author of the song is using b. Metaphors fireflies as a symbol of inspiration. Firefly is Leave my door open just a crack 25 a small and ordinary creature during the day. 'Cause I feel like such an insomniac 26 But it turns into beautiful thing when the night The writer considers line 25 as metaphor. comes. It glows in the dark. It symbolizes Referring to ”insomniac‘ in the next line, the illumination, or inspiration. Based on this writer believes that the author of the song symbolism, the writer concludes that the compares door with eyes. Door is something author of the song is respectful. He that allows people or anything to get in or get appreciates small things. This trait could be out and see things. The author tends to say categorized as Superego. Respectful is an that let him open his eyes just a crack because attitude that human get from society to keep harmonization.
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There is also Ego in ”I got misty eyes of atmosphere‘ implies that the author asked as they said farewell‘ metaphor. The author to be awakened or back to reality. of the song does not like farewell and it I'll taste the sky and feel alive again 29 makes him sad. In life, there is always The writer considers this line as meeting and separation. In this metaphor, the metaphor. Literary, people cannot taste the author wants something to be last forever. sky. The writer interprets sky as heaven. So, And when it cannot be realized, the author these lines imply that when the time has gets sad. come, the author will die and, or want to, go In line four and five of the song, the to heaven. author of the song personifies fireflies as if As many times as I blink 24 they can cry. It means that the author is an I'll think of you tonight 25 attentive person. He treats things as if it has The writer considers these lines as emotion. It shows the authors Superego. metaphor. ”As many times as I blink‘ Last, the author of the song represents every time because people always personifies lightning bugs (fireflies) as if they blink. This metaphor implies that the author can hug and teach him how to dance. This could not forget ”you‘ or the person in this personification shows that the author is lyric because he thought about her every time. feeling lonely and longing for attention. He c. Personification pretends that he got a hug from lightning bugs The stars lean down to kiss you 1 and feels so happy. It shows his Ego. ”The stars lean down to kiss you‘ is personification. Literary, the stars can not kiss. The author personifies the stars as if they 2. Vanilla Twilight can kiss. This personification implies that a. Symbols ”you‘ or the person in this song is adorable, even the stars would lean down to kiss that —What‘s going on?“ Qodie thought person. — where are they ? he said —the door 'Cause cold nostalgia 17 open wide.“ (p:13) Chills me to the bone 18 There are two words error found in ”Cause cold nostalgia chills me to the the above sentence. The first error is open, it bone‘ is personification. The author is inflectional suffix error. The above sentence personifies nostalgia as if it can chill the shows direct speech with the speaker is Qodie author‘s bone. This personification implies to Dennis and it is unparallel verbs between that the author remembered his memory with is, are and open. Although the sentence does a person he loved that had passed away, and not show the adverbial frequency, it shows the he missed the person badly as if the memory present activity and needs semantical theory. penetrates into his bone. Usually present is used in conversation two directions. Thus, the appropriate word is d. Psychological Perspective opens. The writer interprets vanilla twilight In the word opens, the inflectional in this song as a beautiful person that have suffix verb œs comes after the root open and it passed away, someone that the author loved. contains of two morphemes, open verb one Twilight is technically defined as the periods [v1] and œs [the suffix verb for the third between sunset and sunrise during which person]. there is natural light provided by the upper The Second erros is wide and it is derivational atmosphere, which receives direct sunlight suffix error. It needs derivational suffix œly to and scatters part of it towards the earth's attach in wide and creates widely. In the word surface. It represents something beautiful. widely, the derivational suffix œly comes after This symbolism shows that the author is the root wide to form adverb. It contains two gentle. It shows his Superego. morphemes, wide and œly and it changes In the first line of the song, the category from adjective into adverb. author personifies the stars as if it can kiss b. Metaphor someone or a person. The author really adores that person. That is why he personifies the star Pour me a heavy dose of atmosphere 3 to kiss her, because she is very adorable. In Line 3 is a metaphor because people another personification, ”cold nostalgia chills cannot pour a heavy dose of atmosphere me to the bone‘, the author shows his literary. A heavy dose of atmosphere is fragility. He misses his lover so much. He comparison of oxygen. ”Pour me a heavy dose personifies his memory with his lover as if it
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PROGRESSIVE VOL XI. No. 2 September 2016 can chill him to the bone. He is hurt. It shows Cherry, Kendra. 2008. The Structure of the his Ego. Mind According to Freud. Taken In metaphor ”pour me a heavy dose from:http://psychology.about.com/ of atmosphere‘, the author tends to say that od/theoriesofpersonality/a/consciou he needs to be realized. He asked for help. It suncon.htm (10 June 2012) shows his fragility. The writer also sees DiYanni, Robert. 2004. Literature fragility in ”as many times as I blink I‘ll Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and think of you‘ metaphor. The author cannot Drama. USA: McGraw-Hill forget his lover. In metaphor ”I‘ll taste the sky Companies Inc. and feel alive again‘, the author compares Dodson, Joseph R. 2008. The ”Powers‘ of sky as heaven. It shows his urge to go to Personification. Berlin: Walter de heaven so that he can meet his lover again. He Gruyter GmbH & Co. wants to be as happy as he could. But the Eidenmuller, Michael E. 2011. American memories and the feeling of missing his lover Rhetoric: Rhetorical Figures in keep hurting him. He is in pain. That is why Sound. Taken from: he wants to go to heaven so that he can meet http://www.americanrhetoric.com/f his lover. It shows his Id. igures/personification.htm (1 June 2012) V. CONCLUSION Fowler, Roger. 2002. A Dictionary of Modern In Owl City‘s songs, especially the Critical Terms. London: Routledge songs that the writer analyzes, the psychology & Keagan Paul Ltd. aspects of the author are reflected in the Gillespie, Sheena, Terezinha Fonseca, and lyrics. In Vanilla Twilight, the author of the Carol Sanger. 1994. Literature song shows his Id in metaphor ”I‘ll taste the Across Cultures. Boston: sky and feel alive again‘. The author Allyn and Bacon. compares sky as heaven. It shows his urge to Glanville, Mariette. 2011. Sigmund Freud go to heaven so that he can meet his lover Theory Id, Ego, and Superego. again. He wants to be as happy as he could. Taken from: But the memories and the feeling of missing http://www.dreaminterpretation- his lover keep hurting him. He is in pain. That dictionary.com/sigmund-freud is why he wants to go to heaven so that he can theory.html (10 June 2012) meet his lover. In Fireflies, the author shows Grimes, Linda Sue. 2007. Poetry‘s Many his Ego through metaphor ”I got misty eyes as Form: Lyric Poetry. Taken from: they said farewell‘. In this metaphor, the http://suite101.com/article/lyric- author tends to say that he is sad because he poetry-a13550 (26 May 2012) has to say goodbye. The author wants Habib, M. A. R. 2005. A History of Literary something to be last forever. And when it Criticism. USA: Blackwell cannot be realized, the author gets sad. Publishing. There are also some messages that Hebron, Malcolm. 2004. Mastering The people can get from Owl City‘s songs. In Language of Literature. New York: Fireflies, people can learn how to appreciate Palgrave Macmillan. small things and appreciate time. The author Henderson, Gloria Mason, Bill Day, and shows how small things like fireflies can be Sandra S. Waller. 2006. Literature an inspiration to him. He also wishes that time and Ourselves: A Thematic would turn slowly, so that he can spent more Introduction for Readers and time with something that he likes. In Vanilla Writers. New York: Pearson Twilight, people also can learn to appreciate Education Inc. time, especially the time that is spent with Higgins, John. 2011. Encyclopedia someone that he or she loves. The author Brittanica. Taken from: shows how much me misses someone that he http://www.britannica.com/EBchek loves, that has passed away. How much that ed/topic/353026/lyric (26 May feeling hurts him, and wishing that he can 2012) meet his lover again immediately. Knoles, Murray & Rosamund Moon. 2006. Introducing Metaphor. USA: BIBLIOGRAPHY Routledge. Perrine, Laurence. 1988. Literature: Castle, Gregory. 2007. The Blackwell Guide Structure, Sound, and Sense. USA: to Literary Theory. USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Blackwell Publishing.
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Pierce, Jason. 2011. Poetry Soup. Taken from: http://www.poetrysoup.com/poetry _terms (26 May 2012) Punter, David. 2007. Metaphor. USA: Routledge. Ryan, Michael. 2007. Literary Theory: A Practical Introduction. USA: Blackwell Publishing. Schmitz, Thomas A. 2007. Modern Literary Theory and Ancient Texts. USA: Blackwell Publishing. Strauss, Anselm L & Juliet Corbin. 1990. Basic of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures & Techniques. California: Sage Publications Inc. Wainwraight, Jeffrey. 2004. Poetry: The Basics. USA: RoutledgeBickford, J. Albert. 1998. Tools for Analyzing the World‘s Languages Morphology and Syntax. The United State of America: the summer Institute ofLinguistics, Inc.
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