Juvenile Justice Involved Youth with Disabilities: An Epidemic of Misunderstanding City of San José Human Services Commission Lead Author: Tiffany Maciel, Special Seat Disability Representative September 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Human Services Commission............................................................................... 5 Language Disclaimer: ........................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 8 Background Information ............................................................................................... 9 Data Collection ............................................................................................................ 11 City Of San José Youth Prevention Programs Reviewed ................................................................... 11 Document Review: Local Juvenile Justice Specific Reports .............................................................. 11 Interviews And Outreach With MGPTF And Community Partners ..................................................... 12 San Jose Youth Are Vulnerable To STPP .......................................................................................... 13 Community Event: The Kids We Lose Screeening ............................................................................. 14 Summary of Findings .................................................................................................. 15 Summary of Recommendations................................................................................. 16 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 17 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 19 Detailed Findings and Recommendations Addendum ............................................ 20 Detailed Findings: Leadership ................................................................................... 20 San Jose Is The Only Major City Without A Mayor’s Office For People With Disabilities .................. 20 San Jose Has Not Had An ADA Coordinator Since 2013 ................................................................... 20 San Jose Has Not Had A Disability Advisory Commission Since 2013 .............................................. 21 San Jose Disability Webpage Has Not Been Updated Since 2013 .................................................... 22 Wallet Hub Best And Worst Cities For People With Disabilities ......................................................... 22 Detailed Findings: Data .............................................................................................. 22 MGPTF: Disability Is Not Recognized As “At-Risk Youth” Factor ....................................................... 22 Disability Is Not An Identified Or Reported Demographic Variable By: The Mayor’s Gang Prevention Task Force Or Partners ....................................................................................................................... 23 City Independent Police Auditor: Analysis Of Law Enforcement Impact On Youth With Disabilities Not Reported ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Data Is Not Reported Regarding Child Find Initiated Evaluations ...................................................... 25 Detailed Finding 3: Gap in Programs ........................................................................ 26 The Mayor’s Gang Prevention Task Force Does Not Have Disability-Focused Programming .......... 26 Gap In Preventative And Early Intervention Programs ....................................................................... 26 MGPTF And Partner Programs Showed A Lack Of Disability-Focus ................................................. 27 Detailed Recommendations: Leadership .................................................................. 28 Priority Recommendation: Disability Cultural Awareness Training ..................................................... 28 Recommendation: Assemble Task Force For Purpose of Creating Mayor’s Office For Disability Culture And Affairs .............................................................................................................................. 28 Model United Nations Guiding Principles For Promoting Equity And Access For People With Disabilities ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Priority Recommendation: Reinstate A Full-Time Position Of ADA Coordinator With A Qualified Individual As Soon As Possible........................................................................................................... 29 2 Model ADA Best Practices Tool Kit For State And Local Governments ............................................. 30 Recommendation: Update Disability Programs And Services Webpage ........................................... 30 Recommendation: Add A Disability Representative Seat To Each Of The Current City Commissions ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 Detailed Recommendations: Data ............................................................................. 31 Recommendation: Fund An Independent Disability Focused Audit Of MGPTF, BEST, SJPD .......... 31 Recommended Model Guidelines: Coalition For Juvenile Justice Best Practices Guidelines For Working With Youth With Disabilities .................................................................................................. 31 Recommended Model Juvenile Justice Model Data Project Conceptual Framework ........................ 32 Detailed Recommendations: Programs .................................................................... 32 Priority Recommendation: Update Risk Categories To Include Youth With Disabilities..................... 33 Priority Recommendation: Hire Disability-Focused Team Members .................................................. 33 Recommendation: Changing The Name “The Mayor's Gang Prevention Task Force” ...................... 33 Recommended Model: Universal Design ............................................................................................ 33 Recommend: Address Early Elementary Program Gap ..................................................................... 33 Recommend: Address The Gap in Young Adult Programs ................................................................ 33 Recommend: Fill In The Gap Of Available And Affordable “Best Practices” Prevention And Intervention Programs In San Jose ..................................................................................................... 34 Recommend: Structured Literacy Programs ....................................................................................... 35 Recommend: Social Cognitive Behavior Approach ............................................................................ 35 RecommenD: Speech And Language Pathologists ............................................................................ 36 Recommend: Occupational Therapists ............................................................................................... 36 Recommended Behavior Support Model: Collaborative And Proactive Solutions ............................. 36 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 37 Appendices .................................................................................................................. 40 Appendix A: 10 Largest U.S. Cities Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities ................................. 40 Appendix B: Detroit City Council Resolution To Create Office Of Disability Affairs & Advocacy ...... 41 Appendix C: 2015 Human Services Commission Letter Regarding The City of San José ADA Coordinator .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Appendix D: An SLP’s Lens On ‘Behavior’ ........................................................................................ 44 Appendix E: Invisible Disabilities Info Graph ..................................................................................... 45 Appendix F: Definition Of Learning Disabilities Most Common In Juvenile Justice System ............. 46 Appendix G: The Intersection Of Autism And Law Enforcement ........................................................ 47 Appendix H: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder And The Criminal Justice System Fact Sheet .......... 48 Appendix I: Table Of San Jose Mayor’s Gang Prevention Task Force Audits and Evaluations ...... 49 Appendix J: Community Outreach And Interviews............................................................................. 49 Appendix K: The Kids We Lose Community Feedback ..................................................................... 51 Appendix