Dialogue Systems and Chatbots
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Natalie Parde, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago CS 421: Natural Language Processing Fall 2019 Many sliDes aDapteD from Jurafsky and Martin Dialogue Systems and (https://web.stanforD.eDu/~jurafsky/slp3/). Chatbots What are • Programs capable of communicating with users in natural language via text, dialogue speech, or both systems? • Often referreD to as conversational agents 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 2 Dialogue systems are everywhere! 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 3 Types of Dialogue Systems Task-OrienteD Chatbots • DesigneD to leverage • DesigneD to carry out conversational extenDeD, interactions to help unstructureD users complete tasks conversations (similar to human chats) 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 4 Many dialogue systems contain elements of both of these types! • Task-orienteD agents may seem U: Hey more natural if they also contain a A: Hi, how are you? chatbot component U: I’m Doing gooD, how are you? A: I’m doing good as well. Would you like me to help you reserve a room for your meeting? 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 5 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? Designing high- Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on SaturDay. quality Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you like? Natalie: Extra large. conversational Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is really popular. WoulD you be okay with six buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets agents requires of caramel popcorn? Natalie: No. an Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn--- understanding Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. of how human Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of conversation cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. works. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra-large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 6 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Turns: InDiviDual Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. contributions to the Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human dialogue like? Conversation • Typically a sentence, Natalie: Extra large. Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is but may be shorter really popular. WoulD you be okay with six buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of (e.g., a single worD) or caramel popcorn? longer (e.g., multiple Natalie: No. sentences) Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Turn Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 7 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD • UnDerstanDing turn those? structure is very Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of important for spoken SaturDay. Dialogue systems! Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human like? Conversation • Systems must know: Natalie: Extra large. • When to stop talking Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is • Dealing with really popular. WoulD you be okay with six interruptions buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of • When to start talking caramel popcorn? • Detecting when the Natalie: No. human user has finisheD speaking Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- • Detecting when a -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- user has finisheD flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy speaking is calleD popcorn. endpoint detection Salesperson: Okay. • Challenging Due to Turn Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch noise anD speech anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in pauses extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 8 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Speech Acts: Types of Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. actions performeD by the Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human speaker like? Conversation • Also referreD to as dialogue Natalie: Extra large. acts Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is really popular. WoulD you be okay with six buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of • Major Dialogue act groups: caramel popcorn? • Constatives Natalie: No. • Directives Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- • Commissives -- • Acknowledgments Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 9 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Constatives: Making a Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. statement Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human • Answering like? Conversation • Claiming Natalie: Extra large. Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is • Confirming really popular. WoulD you be okay with six buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of • Denying caramel popcorn? • Disagreeing Natalie: No. • Stating Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 10 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Directives: Attempting to Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. get the aDDressee to Do Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human something like? Conversation • ADvising Natalie: Extra large. Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is • Asking really popular. WoulD you be okay with six • Forbidding buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of caramel popcorn? • Inviting Natalie: No. • Ordering Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our • Requesting other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 11 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Commissives: Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. Committing the speaker to Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human a future action like? Conversation • Promising Natalie: Extra large. Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is • Planning really popular. WoulD you be okay with six • Vowing buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of caramel popcorn? • Betting Natalie: No. • Opposing Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large. Salesperson: Okay, we will have seven extra- large buckets of ranch-flavoreD popcorn anD six extra-large buckets of cheesy popcorn reaDy for you to pick up on FriDay. 11/12/19 Natalie ParDe - UIC CS 421 12 Natalie: Hi, I woulD like to orDer thirteen buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Um okay when Do you neeD those? • Acknowlegements: Natalie: I want to bring them to a party on Properties of SaturDay. Expressing the speaker’s Salesperson: AnD what size buckets woulD you Human attituDe regarDing some like? Conversation social action Natalie: Extra large. Salesperson: Okay, our cheesy popcorn is • Apologizing really popular. WoulD you be okay with six • Greeting buckets of cheesy popcorn anD seven buckets of caramel popcorn? • Thanking Natalie: No. • Accepting an Salesperson: Okay, what about some of our acknowleDgement other flavors? We have ranch-flavoreD popcorn- -- Natalie: I’ll take that. Eight buckets of ranch- flavoreD popcorn anD five buckets of cheesy popcorn. Salesperson: Okay. Natalie: Actually, wait. Seven buckets of ranch anD six buckets of cheesy popcorn, still all in extra large.