Br. Gen. Shah Md. Sultan Uddin Iqbal, BIR PROTIK Joint Secretary

Br. Gen. Shah Md. Sultan Uddin Iqbal, BIR PROTIK Joint Secretary Ministry of Defence Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh PositionPosition ofof BangladeshBangladesh inin thethe WorldWorld MapMap andand inin thethe AsiaAsia MapMap GEO membership of Bangladesh

In middle of 2005, Dr Koike, Head of the Department of Civil Engineering of Tokyo University, invited Mr. Shah Sultan Uddin Iqbal, Joint Secretary of Ministry of Defense to attend a seminar on GEOSS (AWCI- Asian water cycle symposium.) Bangladesh representative having learned from the symposium, the utility of GEOSS (to countries of the world) through this seminar immediately notified the government. As a consequence of this, the Bangladesh government became a member of the GEOSS on 2007. Later a number of teleconferences and meetings (total three) were held to identify the project for model river basin in various countries. In this venture Bangladesh selected MEGHNA RIVER BASIN as model basin for Bangladesh. The other departments working with this venture are Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), Bangladesh University Of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and other NGO. Now participating organizations in GEOSS (Bangladesh) are more than 20.

GEOSS Asian Water Cycle Initiative (AWCI) 18 River Basins in 18 Countries

Selected MEGHNA RIVER BASIN as model basin for Bangladesh Organizations Participated in the GEOS/AWCI in Bangladesh • Ministry of Defence (MOD) • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare • Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO) • Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) • Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) • Environment & Population Research Centre (EPRC) • SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC) • Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) • Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) • Institute of Water Modeling (IWM) Cape Town Declaration

The participants assembled at the Group on Earth Observations Ministerial Summit in Cape Town, South Africa, on 30 November 2007. They confirm their common view that: a. The sustained operation of terrestrial, oceanic, air-borne and space- based observations networks is critical for informed decision making; b. Data interoperability is critical for improvement and expansion of observational, modelling, data assimilation and prediction capabilities; c. Continued research and development activities and coherent planning are essential for future observations systems; d. Continued cooperation and dialogue will establish GEOSS as a powerful means to support informed decision making; e. Coordination at national, regional and global levels, continued investments, scientific and technological advances and innovative approaches to financing will be vital for upgrading and expanding Earth Observations and building the capacity of individuals, institutions and systems, particularly in developing countries. G8 Tokyo Hokkaido Summit 7-9 July 2008

Declaration

• To respond to the growing demand for Earth observation data, we will accelerate efforts within the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which builds on the work of UN specialized agencies and programs, in priority areas, climate change and water resources management, by strengthening observation, prediction and data sharing. • We also support capacity building for developing countries in earth observations and promote interoperability and linkage with other partners. Application on Meghna River

Sylhet

Dhaka Land use in Meghna River

Jaflong

Kanaighat Zakiganj

Habiganj

Srimangal

Bhairab Bazar Dhaka GIS thematic Maps Approach Overview

DEM

Flow direction GIS, Surface hydrologic analysis Flow accumulation Digital National Drainage comparison No River network Yes

Set-up DHM

Usable information for Evaluation of DHM Disaster countermeasures Using weather forecast Flood inundation Rainfall Data: Gauge & TRMM Summary of Meghna River

• The DHM model was set-up using Global Data set (By Tokyo University) • River routing model needs to be improved • In-situ data is required for validation: • Actual river network • cross sections along the streams • Water level, discharge • Ground validation of TRMM using Raingauge for 10 years 98-08 Integral approach of Capacity Building Modules at AWCI Demonstration basins Capacity Building Needs vs. Resources Matrix

Bangladesh B hutan C am bodiaChina IndonesiaLao PDR Mongolia M yanm ar Phillipines Sri L a n k a Thailand g g g o n n n n on o on on cati ng i nati sk msk ap on fo r E W S ding l ati l cal n g a n d E W S ssem i mi ning ood ogi sys ood forecast ood Fl nterpretati tem o n itori on di on Trai Drought RS date RS Software am te modelam te i ood hazard map hazard ood ash fl ash C apacity bui C apacity Data assi Data ong range forecast range ong Cl Fl O n-si m ate change scenari change m ate M eteorol Fl l Radar i Radar i A ccess to GC to Moutput A ccess ood forecasti ood ood and drought ri drought and ood fr ati nform Cl ood forecasting and warni and forecasting ood ood and drought forecasti drought and ood ood and drought forecasti drought and ood I Fl Fl R em ote sensing appl Rsensing em ote n-situ and sat data integrati data sat and n-situ radar and sat data use traini use data sat and radar i Fl Fl Fl CEOP data integration service 220002222222220220002000 QC service 220002222222220220002000

GWSP Global D B (D igital A ta las, Dam) 1000 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100010 00 000 training &research workshop000101111110110011010100 University curricula 0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000 10 000 W eb-based teaching package000100000000000000010022

UNU flood inundation modelling001102222220120002010202 loss estimation 000101111110110001010001 rainfall d o w n s c a ling and forecast000102222220120002012221

ICHARM Global F lood Alert System200002222222020002000001 flo o d h a za rd m a p tra ining000201111110010001020012 river and dam engineering training000201111110010001020000 M aster course on flood mitigation000201111110010001020001

MRC river basin managem ent training000201111110010001020001 w ater quality a n a lysis tra ining000200000000000000020000 flood hazard mapping training000202222220020002020012 flood emergency managem ent training 000202222220020002020000 m athem atical modellin g tra ining000201111110010001020200 satellite ra in estimatio n tra ining000201111110010001020202

China flood and drought managem ent system 000011111110110001000002 training 000200000000000000022221 data&product access 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 2

PU B W G s and projects 0001 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 100010 11 100

JAXA/AITMini-projects 2212 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 200220 20 012 Sentinel A s ia 1002 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 200220 20 000

MAIR S Enhanced observation 110111111111110011010222 re gional model development000010000000000000002211

Legend: 3: being applied 2: applicable 1: potentially applicable 0: not applicable Source: GEOSS/AWCI AP Symposium, Jan 2007, AWCI ICG meeting, Sep 2007 Capacity Building Programs

1) Country level capacity building targeting local audience 2) Specific Training Modules provided by Agencies/Institutions to experts/scientists 3) Integrated capacity at each AWCI demonstration basin targeting international participants Integrated Capacity Building

Objective: To show the applicability of available data/information/models/algorithms/systems at AWCI demonstration basins in order to overcome water issues Modules from resource organizations: • Data Integration, quality control (CEOP, Tokyo U.) • Global flood alert system, hazard mapping (ICHARM) • Satellite Data, Mini-projects, Sentinel Asia (JAXA) • Flood hazard mapping, emergency manage (MRC) • Floods inundation modeling, rainfall downscaling (UNU) • Flood simulation, dam operation (University of Tokyo ) • Radar rainfall, real-time forecast (Senjong University) Drought Water Pollution

Early Flood

1/3 land is used for Food Products

Flood

Erosion Mangrove Forest

Animals Extreme Weather Events

Heat wave Cold wave

Cyclone

Thunderstorm Manmade problems

Land Slide Deforestation

Blockage Drain Deforestation Environmental Degradation Due to Climate Change Drainage congestion

Mangrove forest under threat Typical erosion in small and medium rivers Cyclone SIDR Storm surge flooding Out of 30 affected districts 15 were worst affected Storm surge Causalities in Cyclone SIDR in Bangladesh

1. Total Death 3,363 2. People missed 871 3. Family affected 1,928,265 4. People affected 8,545,470 5. Houses damaged 1,449,157 6. Crop damaged 2,077,226 7. Trees destroyed 4,065,316

Total Damage Cost in USD: 450 million Impact of SLR: Intrusion of 5ppt Salinity line Dry Season

18 km 5 km

55 km 41 km

v i

a 11 km i l

u 11 km t

e 0 SLR T Hiron Point 32 cm SLR 88 cm SLR

This additional water level and resultant drainage and sedimentation problem has to be considered in the design of infrastructure GeneralGeneral VulnerabilityVulnerability ofof CropCrop AgricultureAgriculture inin BangladeshBangladesh • The climate in Bangladesh is changing and it is becoming more unpredictable every year. • Uncertainty of rainfall and uneven temporal and spatial distribution • Flooding • Longer dry spells → droughts • Cyclones • Salinity intrusion → extra bearing on the agriculture and on the potable water • We require prediction of - more floods, untimely floods, more droughts, salinity intrusion, and more cyclones with higher intensities Adaptation strategy has to take on the sectors

Energy Climate Change

Human Health

Water Resources Ecosystems and Wildlife

Agriculture and Forestry

Coastal Areas and Sea Level Rise Mini Ponds for rain water harvesting

Homestead Gardening Mango and Jujube cultivation Capacity Building Activity

Capacity building for the following organizations are going on • Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) • Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO) • Survey of Bangladesh (SOB) • Capacity building other participating organizations are in process. Projects of BMD (Ongoing)- GOB

Project Name: a. Up-gradation of Agro-meteorological Service in Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) .(7 new stations will be est.) b. Establishment of Five 1ST Class Meteorological Observatory at Places [ Panchagar (Tetulia), Kishoregonj (Nikli), Khagrachari (Dighinala), Cox’s Bazar (Saint Martin) and Bandarban] c. Up-gradation of 17 Existing Meteorological Observatories and Establishment of 01 New Observatory along the Coastal Belt for Cyclone Monitoring. d. Establishment of Inland River Port Weather Forecasting and Warning Centre for Reducing Accident of River Going Vessels ( 1ST Revised). (14 new stations will be est.) e. Establishment of Numerical Weather Prediction System Projects of BMD (ongoing)- JICA AID Project Name: a. Improvement of Meteorological Radar System at Cox’s Bazar and Khepupara b. Establishment of Meteorological Radar System (S-band) at Moulvibazar, Bangladesh Aim of the Project: To reduce devastation caused by cyclones, floods and other natural disasters in Bangladesh Scope of the Project: • To collect Radar data • To monitor cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal • To monitor monsoon related disasters and other natural disasters in coastal areas of Bangladesh • Prediction of time and place of the landfall of Tropical Cyclones and storm Surge with sufficient lead time • Providing quantitative storm surge forecasts Future Projects of BMD

¾ Human Capacity building in BMD ¾ Climate Change studies in Bangladesh ¾ Improvement of Meteorological Training Institute Gaps and Needs for Societal Benefit of Bangladesh

• Need more observational facilities • Need more coordinated research • Need more research projects

** GEOSS Can help in these regards Projects of SoB (ongoing)

Project Name: Improvement of Digital Mapping System of Survey of Bangladesh Aim of the Project: To provide digital topographic maps with accurate and updated detail information and digital data to government and non-government organizations to undertake development works. Scope of the Project: • To establish Digital Mapping Centre of SoB at Mirpur, Dhaka • To produce 1:5000 scale digital topographic maps and data base • To produce 1:25,000 scale digital topographic maps and data base • To strengthen the capability of production of digital topographic maps of SoB. Projects of SPARRSO (ongoing)

Project Name: Environment, Disaster and Resources monitoring System (EDREMOS) Aim of the Project: To Strengthen the analytical and qualitative research and development capabilities of SPARRSO Scope of the Project: • Enhancement of the application of remote sensing and GIS technology in Forestry, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water Resources, Oceanography, Meteorology and Environment. • Extension of infrastructure for processing, analysis and archival of satellite data. • Conduct Research on the related fields GEOSS Seminar in Bangladesh “Capacity Building on Climate Change and Adaptation in Bangladesh” Date: 07 August 2008 Organized By: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) Guided By: Ministry of Defence (MOD) Recommendations: • Capacity building on detail study on Climate Change to submit in IPCC report. • Research on the Impact on Future Climate Change and adaptation procedure. • Capacity building on the use of local data for different models • Capacity building on the use of High Resolution GCM output of Japanese Earth Simulator. • Project is need for capacity building in Rainfall Downscaling and Forecast, Flood Inundation Modeling, DEM Generation for water modeling, Flood Alert System and Management,

Explanation: • GIS and surface hydraulic analysis data, river network data, river discharge data will be used as an input of Digital Elevation Model (DEM). • DEM- DEM model will calculate flow pattern, flow direction and flow accumulation of a particular point of the river according to input data. • The calculated value will then be compared with the actual or observed flow of that point mentioned earlier. • Then model will verify the result. If the model calculated flow differs from the observed flow then model will take in consideration and will account it as a systematic error and correct the bias. • After bias correction the model will be set up for that point and respective river. • In similar way model will run for different cases of discharge in different year as training period for validation. • After validation the model will be used for inundation map generation and information will be sent to the users.