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MANUAL PARA CUIDADO DE GRANDES CÁNIDOS (Canidae)

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MANUAL PARA CUIDADO DE GRANDES CÁNIDOS (Canidae) MANUAL PARA CUIDADO DE GRANDES CÁNIDOS (Canidae) CREADO POR EL Grupo Asesor del Taxón de Cánidos de la AZA EN ASOCIACIÓN CON EL Comité de Bienestar Animal de la AZA Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos (Canidae) Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos (Canidae) Publicado por la Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios en asociación con el Comité de Bienestar Animal de la AZA Citación formal: Grupo Asesor de Taxón de Cánidos de la AZA 2012. Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos (Canidae). Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios, Silver Spring, MD. p. 169. Autores y contribuyentes significativos: Melissa Rodden, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Coordinadora del SSP de Lobo de crin de la AZA Peter Siminski, The Living Desert, Coordinador del SSP de Lobo mexicano de la AZA Will Waddell, Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Coordinador del SSP de Lobo rojo de la AZA Michael Quick, Sedgwick County Zoo, Coordinador del SSP de Licaón de la AZA Revisores: Melissa Rodden, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Coordinadora del SSP de Lobo de crin de la AZA Peter Siminski, The Living Desert, Coordinador del SSP de Lobo mexicano de la AZA Will Waddell, Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Coordinador del SSP de Lobo mexicano de la AZA Michael Quick, Sedgwick County Zoo, Coordinador del SSP de Licaón de la AZA Mike Maslanka, Smithsonian’s National Zoo, Grupo Asesor de Nutrición de la AZA Barbara Henry, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Grupo Asesor de Nutrición de la AZA Raymond Van Der Meer, DierenPark Amersfoort, Presidente del Grupo Asesor de Taxón de Cánidos de EAZA Dr. Michael B. Briggs, DVM, MS, Director general e investigador principal de African Predator Conservation Research Organization Personal editorial de la AZA: Katie Zdilla, B.A. Interna de Ciencia e Investigación de la AZA Elisa Caballero, B.A. Interna de Ciencia e Investigación de la AZA Candice Dorsey, Ph.D. Directora de Conservación Animal de la AZA Consultor del proyecto Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos: Joseph C.E. Barber, PhD Créditos de las fotografías de la portada: Brad McPhee, lobo rojo Bert Buxbaum, licaón y lobo mexicano Exoneración de responsabilidades: Este manual presenta una compilación de conocimientos provistos por reconocidos expertos en el área animal, basados en ciencia, prácticas y tecnologías del manejo animal actualmente disponibles. El manual ensambla los requerimientos básicos, las mejores prácticas y las recomendaciones sobre cuidado animal, para maximizar la capacidad de proveer un excelente cuidado y bienestar animal. Se debe considerar este manual como un trabajo en progreso, las prácticas se encuentran en constante evolución debido a los avances en el conocimiento científico. El uso de información contenida en este manual debiera estar en completa conformidad con toda ley y regulación local, estatal y federal, relacionada con el cuidado de animales. Si bien, algunas leyes y regulaciones gubernamentales pueden estar mencionadas en este manual, este no incluye todas las leyes. Tampoco este manual busca ser una herramienta de evaluación para aquellos servicios. Las recomendaciones incluidas no buscan ser las únicas a implementar, dietas, tratamientos médicos, o procedimientos de manejo, pueden requerir de adaptación para satisfacer las necesidades específicas de algunos ejemplares y circunstancias particulares de cada institución. Las entidades y productos comerciales mencionados no están necesariamente promocionados por la AZA. Las afirmaciones presentadas a lo largo de este 2 Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos (Canidae) manual no representan los estándares de cuidado de la AZA, a menos que se especifique lo contrario en recuadros claramente señalados. Translated by Dave Wehdeking and Miguel Bacca, advisors for Acuario y Museo del Mar del Rodadero (Colombia), on behalf of the Latin American Association of Zoos and Aquariums (ALPZA). Translation reviewed and edited by Martín Zordan (ALPZA). Translation of Chapter 7: Veterinary Care, was reviewed and edited by Ezequiel Hidalgo from Buin Zoo (Chile). Translated content has not been proofed or edited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). AZA is not responsible for errors in translation or for any potential changes in the content's meaning resulting from translation. Traducido por Dave Wehdeking y Miguel Bacca, asesores para Acuario y Museo del Mar del Rodadero (Colombia), en nombre de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Zoológicos y Acuarios (ALPZA). Traducción revisada y editada por Martín Zordan (ALPZA). La traducción del Capítulo 7: Cuidado veterinario fue revisada y editada por Ezequiel Hidalgo de Buin Zoo (Chile). Los contenidos traducidos no han sido verificados, ni editados por la Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AZA). Por lo tanto, la Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AZA) no se hace responsable por posibles errores de traducción, o de cualquier cambio potencial en el significado de los contenidos, que puedan resultar de la traducción. 3 Manual para cuidado de grandes cánidos (Canidae) Tabla de contenidos Introducción ........................................................................................................................... 6 Clasificación taxonómica ...................................................................................................... 6 Género, especies y estados de conservación ...................................................................... 6 Información general ............................................................................................................. 6 Capítulo 1. Medio ambiente ................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Temperatura y humedad ................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Iluminación ................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Calidad del agua y aire ................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Sonido y vibración ........................................................................................................ 11 Capítulo 2. Diseño y contención del hábitat ...................................................................... 12 2.1 Espacio y complejidad .................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Seguridad y contención ................................................................................................ 15 Capítulo 3. Transporte ......................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Preparativos ................................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Protocolos .................................................................................................................... 25 Capítulo 4. Ambiente social ................................................................................................ 27 4.1 Estructura y tamaño del grupo ..................................................................................... 27 4.2 Influencia de conespecíficos y otros ............................................................................. 30 4.3 Introducciones y reintroducciones ................................................................................ 31 Capítulo 5. Nutrición ............................................................................................................ 33 5.1 Requerimientos nutricionales ....................................................................................... 33 5.2 Dietas ........................................................................................................................... 37 5.3 Evaluaciones nutricionales ........................................................................................... 43 Capítulo 6. Cuidado veterinario .......................................................................................... 45 6.1 Servicios veterinarios ................................................................................................... 45 6.2 Métodos de identificación ............................................................................................. 47 6.3 Recomendaciones para exámenes previo al traslado y pruebas diagnósticas ............. 48 6.4 Cuarentena .................................................................................................................. 48 6.5 Medicina preventiva ..................................................................................................... 51 6.6 Captura, restricción e inmovilización ............................................................................ 56 6.7 Manejo de enfermedades, trastornos, lesiones y/o aislamiento .................................... 60 Capítulo 7. Reproducción .................................................................................................... 65 7.1 Fisiología y comportamiento reproductivo .................................................................... 65 7.2 Tecnologías de reproducción asistida .......................................................................... 66 7.3 Preñez y parto .............................................................................................................. 68 7.4 Instalaciones para el parto ..........................................................................................
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