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This thesis is dedicated to my children: Aybike, Aykut, Ayluna. The Ayluna. Aykut, Aybike, my to children: is dedicated thesisThis stimulated stimulated me to finish these studies finish these to Dedication iv

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made my current study . I am thankful for him not only for his for only not him for thankful am I possible. study current my made research. research. long Lorenzo Cini provided the Italian political context context political Italian the provided Cini Lorenzo -

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researchers at European University Institute. I Institute. University European at researchers

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r name of the party in Italian is Lega or La Lega, however, “the Lega Nord” is commonly used in in commonlyused is Nord” Lega “the Lega,however, La or Lega is Italian in party the of name r by presenting the Italian case of the framing strategies of Islam and Muslim Muslim and Islam of strategies framing the of case Italian the presenting by anti Islamophobia.Populism explored as is in itspotential cau especially superseded, been out broadened.The have Radicalright existing e timeframe of this thesis is fromistimeframe eofthesisMarch thisThisthe to 2015. coversthe2014 period other migrants. other

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49

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tones. .

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immigration

This dimension is pragmatic since the sinceis pragmatic dimension This Law Law and order dimension 52

- related issues.related dimension, 306 - Law Law and order Muslim Muslim - Muslim immigration.Muslim emergency frame frame emergency

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Nord framing generates a new case. If the existing studies from other European cases European other from studies existing the If case. new a generates framing Nord

rise of radical right, development of populism and the immigration issues in Italy Italy in issues immigration the and populism of development right, radical of rise - immigration statements and news. Analysis shows that the Lega Nord responds Nord Lega the that shows Analysis news. and statements immigration - - mirto reoi cag, salience change, rhetoric immigration immigration position. Further, this study discussed the developments of of developments the discussed study this Further, position. immigration ories in the broader European context gradually narrowing down to the to down narrowing gradually context European broader the in ories - - mirto aed. eeec t Msi seiid mirto is immigration specified Muslim to Reference agenda. immigration

sa fae ws osldtd y h theoretically the by consolidated was frames Islam eristics of the partyits eristicsofpopulism,conceptualthe andthepart Conclusion

53

- sai reoi o te ea od is Nord Lega the of rhetoric Islamic of

h Msi imm Muslim the reatens h people the o txs rm the from texts of n - informed and and informed igration and and igration . With the the With . CEU eTD Collection isimm framework the duringtime this anti the of intensification the in anti the ideology.ofregionalistLoosening Nord’s in and Salvini under leadership new change, intraparty the is It results. such of factors the be also can which events critical several marks analysis empirical the for 2015 March to 2014 January from months 15 last of framework time The preliminfor rationale be can style communication political its and populism Nord’s Lega the of strength in mi Muslim different or right populism radical it Is outcomes? different show immigration Muslim the of analysis framing the of results the Why spectrum. order and law the of category pragmatic the on lies 71% dimen cultural the Nord Lega the of case anti the by framed been have migrants Muslim the that fact the to pointed reviewed studies The dyn different and style communication populist party’s the of features the are outcomes different such for Dennissen, and (Siebers immigration Muslim of case Dutch the Similarly, category. class as characterized frame ( Denmark of case the In studies. empirical European re existing the from variant results the produced strategies framing its and populism right radical the of case Italian the of analysis Empirical - depth study is necessary to find the answers and compare differences in these cases, the cases, these in differences compare and answers the find to necessary is study depth - immigration populist parties as culturally and religiously distinct group. However, in the inthe However, group. distinct religiously and culturallyas parties populist immigration a culture as d ary explanation. ary amics of Muslim immigration.amicsofMuslim 2015) - ae ietfcto i cnrs t gnrl mirto wih is which immigration general to contrast in identification based

has been framed as cultural fundamentalism.culturalframed as has been

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54

search. I relied on the findings from other other from findings the on relied I search. - Southern position may have been reflected havebeenmay position Southern Yilmaz lso o Suh tl t te Lega the to Italy South of clusion , 2015) , The possibleexplanations The

Muslim immigration is immigration Muslim - Muslim frames while while frames Muslim CEU eTD Collection inbefurtheraddressedstudies. can Nord Lega the of case in Islam of politicization and issues immigration the to mediated deman public to respondsitwhich to extent the and Nord Lega the of role representational thestudy To Islam. towards discourse public the and Nord Lega the between interaction investigate possible research future for are questions These discourse? public the reflect behavior Nord’s Lega the how policies, researched topic. the problematize writing and collection data in research immigration. Muslim to regard in Nord Lega the of effects and strategiesframing the at looking in used becan It recommendations. paper f The is. it as implication novel has study empirical This inofpartiespopulist general. anti party’s the in discursivepoliticaland Muslim These rescue Triton. and naval Nostrum Italy, Mare operation to Africa North from seekers asylum and refugees landings, illegal d is equally important. The question of how public structure and party agency are are agency party and structure public how of question The important. equally is d - immigration orientation brings another evidence of political opportunism political of evidence another brings orientation immigration

opportunities for the Lega Nord. The salience of anti ofsalience The Lega Nord. thefor opportunities .

Since the thesis stays on the level of party agency, it does not does it agency, party of level the on stays thesis the Since

How does the party respond or create the anti createthe or respond party doesthe How h M tei lae cran pc t further to space certain leaves thesis MA the 55

However, the time constraint and depth of of depth and constraint time the However, -

related focusing events offered good good offered events focusing related indings can be applied in the policy the in applied be can indings - Muslim rhetoric Muslimrhetoric - immigration - CEU eTD Collection “Lampedusa” “minaret*”, “Moschea”, “ “stranier*”, “migrant*”, “immigra*” Dictionary Illegal entry Refugeeand shelter order Lawand immigrants rather than Italiansforrights politicalcultures, religionsand incompatibility of religious Cultural and Dimensions 1. Appendix -

Codebook of dimensions and frames frames and dimensions of Codebook

EmergencyIssues Nativistissues Frames

Jhd, bra, mgrbn” mgei*, “African*” “magrebin*”, “maghrebin*” “burqa”, “Jihad”,

56

lnetn*, Ilm “uumn” “Imam” “Musulman*” “Islam” clandestine*”, 56 Regularization, national identityevolution of Protectionofnational Logic terrorismIslam and

identity foranalysis text

Pragmatic Identity Framecategory

- related

CEU eTD Collection 'sharia'2 'muslims'2 'muslim'2 'imams'2 'imam'2 'mosques'2 'mosque'2 'caliphate'2 'jihadisti'2 'jihadist' 2 'jihad'2 'islamization'2 'Islamic'2 'Islam'2 Variable2 'clandestine'1 'migrant'1 'immigrants'1 'immigrant'1 'immigration'1 entry 1 Variable 2. Appendix

Islam -

General immigration immigration General List of keywords inanti the List keywords of - related identity issuesrelatedidentity

search search

57 - 4 'isis'4 Variable4 'landing'3 'invasion'3 'refugee'3 'asylum'3 'extremistic'3 'extremism'3 'terrorristic'3 'terrorist'3 3 Variable3 'nigeria'4 'tunis' 4 'libya'4 'africa'4 ' 4 'lampeduza'4 'triton'4 'mare4 nostrum' haram''boko 4 'charlie4 hebdo' immigration news immigration 'terrorism' ebola'

-

Islam

Islam

- relatedemergency issues - specific specific focusingevents

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